Dynatrace
Annual Report 2019

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 Form 10-K (Mark One) ☒ ☐ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO Commission File Number 001-39010 Dynatrace, Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 47-2386428 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 1601 Trapelo Road, Suite 116 Waltham, MA 02451 (781) 530-1000 (Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common stock, par value $0.001 per share Trading Symbol(s) DT Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Emerging growth company ☐ ☒ ☒ Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company ☐ ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of September 30, 2019, the last business day of the most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $1.48 billion. This calculation does not reflect a determination that certain persons are affiliates of the Registrant for any other purpose. The registrant had 280,869,863 shares of common stock outstanding as of May 25, 2020. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. Such proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the Registrant’s fiscal year ending March 31, 2020. Except with respect to information specifically incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Proxy Statement is not deemed to be filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Item 1. Business Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. Item 5. Item 6. Item 7. Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Selected Financial Data Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations PART II Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures Item 8. Item 9. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Item 9B. Other Information PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Item 11. Executive Compensation Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services PART IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules Item 16. Form 10-K Summary Exhibit Index Signatures 4 17 42 42 42 42 42 43 45 65 66 96 96 97 97 97 97 98 98 98 98 98 100 Table of Contents SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, which statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. All statements of historical fact included in this Annual Report regarding our strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans or intentions. When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements described under the heading “Risk Factors” included in this Annual Report. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current beliefs, based on currently available information, as to the outcome and timing of future events. Forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report include, but are not limited to, statements about: • • • • • • • • • • • our future financial performance, including our expectations regarding our revenue, annual recurring revenue, gross profit or gross margin, operating expenses, ability to generate cash flow, revenue mix and ability to maintain future profitability; our expectations regarding the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, operations, and the markets in which we and our partners and customers operate; anticipated trends and growth rates in our business and in the markets in which we operate; our ability to continue to convert our customers from our Classic products to our Dynatrace® platform; our ability to maintain and expand our customer base and our partner network; our ability to sell our applications and expand internationally; our ability to anticipate market needs and successfully develop new and enhanced solutions to meet those needs; our ability to hire and retain necessary qualified employees to grow our business and expand our operations; the evolution of technology affecting our applications, platform and markets; our ability to adequately protect our intellectual property; and our ability to service our debt obligations; We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors described in the section titled “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report. We cannot assure you that the results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. 3 Table of Contents ITEM 1. BUSINESS PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION Overview We offer the market-leading software intelligence platform, purpose-built for dynamic multi-cloud environments. As enterprises embrace the cloud to effect their digital transformation, our all-in-one intelligence platform is designed to address the growing complexity faced by technology and digital business teams. Our platform utilizes artificial intelligence at its core and continuous automation to provide answers, not just data, about the performance of applications, the underlying hybrid cloud infrastructure, and the experience of our customers’ users. We designed our software intelligence platform to allow our customers to modernize and automate IT operations, develop and release high quality software faster, and improve user experiences for better business outcomes. As a result, as of March 31, 2020, our products are trusted by more than 2,700 customers in over 80 countries in diverse industries such as banking, insurance, retail, manufacturing, travel and software. Today’s leading companies are striving to deliver innovative, high performance digital services to expand market opportunities, compete more effectively, and operate with increased agility. Software is increasingly essential to how enterprises seek to accomplish these goals. Applications sit at the core of this software revolution and are central to the digital transformation of these enterprises—from the mission critical enterprise applications that power factories, enable trading, manage transportation networks, and run business systems to the applications that consumers use every day to bank, shop, entertain, travel, and more. Developing and operating software is harder than ever, largely driven by: 1) Cloud Transformation: Enterprises are building and deploying software across multiple public and on-premise platforms, creating significant visibility challenges across all of an enterprise’s hosted environments. 2) Application Complexity: Applications are increasingly complex and deployed as microservices-based architectures that are written in multiple different programming languages with hundreds of loosely coupled service connections. The scale of this complexity is heightened by the advent of the Internet of Things, which increases the number of potential sources of application failure. 3) DevOps: Ensuring that software updates work without issues has grown more challenging due to the increased frequency of software releases, reduced testing time, and the use of independent development teams. 4) User Experience: User expectations for software performance have rapidly increased and enterprises are focused on advancing branded experiences to maximize revenue, differentiate offerings, and retain competitive positions. Traditional approaches for developing, operating, and monitoring software were not designed for dynamic multi-cloud environments. Traditional monitoring solutions were developed in an era in which applications were monolithic, updated infrequently, and run in static data center environments. These monitoring solutions, including application performance monitoring, or APM, infrastructure monitoring, incident and alert management, and user experience monitoring, are difficult to deploy, narrow in scope, and were designed to operate in a simpler, siloed environment. Each tool in this approach only collects data about individual components of the computing stack, such as applications, infrastructures, logs, networks, or user experiences. In order to get an end-to-end view using these traditional approaches, IT teams are required to aggregate and correlate data from these disparate monitoring solutions in an attempt to identify actionable answers, including where bottlenecks occur, how best to optimize for performance and scalability, if an issue is impacting service, and if so, where to find the problem and what to do about it. With the advent of dynamic multi-cloud environments, the challenges and limitations of traditional solutions have been exacerbated. What was once a well understood layering of applications running on operating systems on physical servers connected to physical networks has rapidly become virtualized into software at all levels. Environments have become dynamic. Applications are no longer monolithic and are fragmented into dozens to potentially thousands of microservices, written in multiple software languages. These multi-cloud environments sprawl from traditional backend applications run on relational databases and mainframes to modern IaaS platforms run on Amazon Web Services, or AWS, Microsoft Azure, or Azure, and Google Cloud Platform. All these factors result in an environment that is web-scale, extremely complex, and dynamic at all layers of the new computing stack. We believe the scale, complexity, and dynamic nature of dynamic multi-cloud environments, including the applications that run on them, require a comprehensive monitoring strategy that we refer to as “software intelligence.” Starting in 2014, we leveraged the knowledge and experience of the same engineering team that founded Dynatrace to develop a solution to address the disruptive shift to dynamic multi-cloud environments. These efforts resulted in the creation of a new platform, the Dynatrace Software Intelligence Platform, or Dynatrace®. Dynatrace® leverages an automatic instrumentation technology that we call OneAgent®, a real-time dependency mapping system we call SmartScape®, our transaction-centric code analysis technology that we call PurePath®, and an open artificial intelligence, 4 Table of Contents or AI, engine that we call Davis™ for instant answers to degradations in service, anomalies in behavior, and user impact. Dynatrace® simplifies the complexity of dynamic multi-cloud environments for architects, application teams and operations teams, while providing actionable insights that accelerate cloud migrations, cloud adoption, and DevOps success. Unlike traditional multiple tool approaches, Dynatrace® has been integrated with key components of multi-cloud ecosystems to support dynamic cloud orchestration, including for AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Platform, VMware Tanzu, Red Hat OpenShift, and Kubernetes. In these environments, Dynatrace® automatically launches, monitors and observes the full cloud stack and all the applications and containers running anywhere in the stack, including applications and workloads that may traverse multiple public cloud and hybrid environments. We believe that our ability to integrate Dynatrace® with cloud platforms simplifies development and operational efforts, increases visibility, and improves situational awareness for our customers. We designed Dynatrace® to maximize flexibility and control of the rich observability data captured and analyzed by our platform. We believe that it provides the simplicity of software-as-a-service, or SaaS, with the customer option of either maintaining data in the cloud, or at the edge in customer-provisioned infrastructure, which we refer to as Dynatrace® Managed. In this managed offering, we provide updates and enhancements automatically on a monthly basis while allowing customers the flexibility and control to adhere to their own data security and sovereignty requirements. We market Dynatrace® through a combination of our global direct sales team and a network of partners, including resellers, system integrators, and managed service providers. We target the largest 15,000 global enterprise accounts, which generally have annual revenues in excess of $750 million. The Dynatrace® Software Intelligence Platform has been commercially available since 2016 and is now our primary offering. The number of Dynatrace ® customers increased to 2,373 as of March 31, 2020 from 1,364 as of March 31, 2019, representing year-over-year growth of 74%. As of March 31, 2020, approximately 59% of our Dynatrace® customers added to the platform since March 31, 2019 were new customers, and the remaining 41% were existing customers that either added or converted to Dynatrace® since we launched Dynatrace ®. Our Dynatrace® net expansion rate was 123% as of March 31, 2020, the 8th consecutive quarter of a net expansion rate at or over 120%. See the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Metrics” included under Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report. For financial information regarding our business, see the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included under Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report and our consolidated audited financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization, or WHO, classified the recent novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, as a global pandemic. While the broader implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on our results of operations and overall financial performance remain uncertain, the Company assessed the potential impact on its March 31, 2020 financial statements and determined there were no material adjustments necessary with respect to these consolidated financial statements. The economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have been challenging for certain customers, and may continue to be challenging for our customers in the future. While revenue, customer retention, and earnings are relatively predictable under a subscription-based business model, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic will not be fully reflected in the results of operations and overall financial performance of the Company until future periods given the current macroeconomic uncertainty. Key trends impacting the way enterprises develop, manage, and optimize their software environment include: Software Applications Are Central to Digital Transformation for Businesses Across All Sectors Industry Background Whether it is retailers driving higher customer engagement through mobile apps, industrial companies reducing production downtime with predictive maintenance applications, or automobile manufacturers designing self-driving cars, software is central to how enterprises deliver a differentiated user experience. At the same time, software is increasingly being embedded throughout the enterprise, managing business critical systems, such as payments processing, inventory and supply chain management, logistics, and many other front- and back-office operations. A study by International Data Corporation, or IDC, suggests that by 2022 spending on digital transformation technology globally will reach $1.97 trillion, representing a compound annual growth rate of 16.7% over a five-year period. Digital transformation requires significant modernization of legacy environments, shifting from high cost, labor intensive, and inflexible technology systems to a modern cloud-native architecture. Another IDC study states that by 2023, over 500 million digital applications and services will be developed and deployed using cloud-native approaches - the same number of applications developed in the last 40 years. Maintaining visibility 5 Table of Contents across a broad multi-cloud environment represents a significant challenge, which we believe is a primary reason why digital transformations are slow, often disrupted by performance issues, and can fail to achieve intended objectives. Enterprises now focus more of their budget on software innovation and less on operating and maintaining systems in order to remain competitive. As a result, enterprises are investing in new platforms that are built to automate the development, deployment, and operation of modern software applications and accelerate the transition to dynamic multi-cloud environments. Changing Customer Expectations are Requiring Enterprises to Prioritize the User Experience Enterprises are increasingly seeking to differentiate their products and services based on user experiences, with digital interaction becoming the primary channel of communication between enterprises and their customers, partners, and employees. According to a Forrester report, customers who have a better experience are more likely to stay with a brand, buy additional products and services from the brand, and recommend it to friends. The result is more retained revenue from reduced customer churn, more revenue per customer, and more new customers. Conversely, according to a 2018 report by NewVoiceMedia (now known as the Vonage Salesforce contact center solution), U.S. companies lose $75 billion per year due to poor customer experiences, a $13 billion increase from 2016. Faced with poor customer service, 39% of respondents indicated that they would never use the offending company again. User experience is closely tied to the performance of software applications. As a result, optimal application performance and exceptional user experiences are important to the entire enterprise, not just to the IT staff that maintain these applications. We believe that the need for an exceptional user experience to engage and retain customers will continue to drive demand for instrumentation that helps enterprises to provide high quality, user-focused outcomes. Benefits of Dynamic Multi-cloud Environments Make Them Essential for Digital Transformation Enterprises are increasingly adopting cloud technologies to increase agility and accelerate innovation. According to IDC, “by 2020, over 90% of enterprises will use multiple cloud services and platforms—a transition supported by investments to manage resources across platforms”. According to 451 Research, the share of enterprises deploying the majority of their workloads in cloud infrastructure environments will increase from 54% in 2018 to 79% by 2020. The key advantages of dynamic multi-cloud environments include: • • • Ability to build better applications at a faster rate. Cloud-based application development technologies such as container and microservices architectures, enable enterprises to focus developer resources more on creating and improving value-add application features and less on managing underlying operating systems and infrastructure. Gartner estimates that by 2022, more than 75% of global organizations will be running containerized applications in production, which is a significant increase from fewer than 30% today. In addition to new cloud-based development technologies, enterprises are adopting new processes such as DevOps and Artificial Intelligence for IT Operations, or AIOps, that help accelerate the software delivery cycle. Operational efficiency. Enterprises are moving to the cloud to reduce spending on expensive and static systems, the data centers to house them, the energy to run them and the IT staff needed to maintain them. Agility. Cloud services can be purchased dynamically as demand ebbs and flows over time, affording greater flexibility, financial efficiencies, and scale than traditional systems. Enterprises can scale capacity up and down to address seasonality or quickly address unexpected spikes in demand without needing to purchase and maintain infrastructure for peak demand and leaving it underutilized during other times. Shift to Dynamic Multi-cloud Environments Introduces Fundamentally New Software Delivery Challenges While the cloud offers enterprises some clear advantages over traditional systems, moving to the cloud also creates fundamental new challenges, such as: • Greater complexity. Multi-cloud strategies require that IT teams manage applications and ensure interoperability of operations between private and multiple public clouds, such as AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Platform, or SAP. In addition, these applications are containerized and increasingly fragmented into microservices that are hosted across multiple cloud platforms, creating interdependencies across heterogeneous environments that increase the risk of incompatibility issues and the number of potential failure points if the applications are not deployed and maintained correctly. • Highly dynamic environments. Cloud infrastructure and applications are built to scale up or down in real-time depending upon usage and traffic. The automation required to monitor these highly dynamic environments is beyond what is required for monolithic, on-premise applications. • Massive scale. As software becomes more critical to business success, the number and size of applications will continue to grow and encompass more features and greater functionality. At the same time, web-scale architectures are enabling 6 Table of Contents enterprises to build applications that are deployed across thousands of hosts and serve millions of users simultaneously. The breadth of functionality and scale of deployments of dynamic multi-cloud applications regularly exceed even the largest applications built in the pre-cloud era. • More frequent changes to software. The adoption of DevOps practices and cloud architectures have increased the speed at which software updates can be developed and deployed. With the application development lifecycle accelerating, enterprises must adapt their software operations environment and culture to ensure that performance and business outcomes are not adversely affected by frequent changes. Traditional Monitoring Approaches Were Not Built for Dynamic Multi-cloud Environments Traditional application monitoring approaches were built before dynamic multi-cloud environments became the driving force in digital transformation, and suffer from significant shortcomings when applied in cloud-based environments. Challenges of traditional monitoring solutions for multi-cloud environments include: • Manual configuration processes that do not scale. Traditional monitoring tools require unique agents for each component of an application and rely on IT personnel to manually pre-configure each agent. The complexity and dynamic nature of multi-cloud applications, which can include thousands of containers and microservices, makes this multi-agent approach costly, slow, and impractical to install and maintain, especially as these applications are rapidly modified and updated. • • • • Not designed to capture data across the full application stack. Traditional APM solutions were created to view a limited portion of the full software stack and provide visibility only into individual applications, without providing visibility into how the applications are interconnected. In order to get a complete view of all applications, from the underlying infrastructure to the user experience, IT personnel are required to manually implement and manage many disparate tools. We believe this approach has resulted in enterprises overinvesting in operations and underinvesting in development, which slows innovation. Only able to provide data, not answers. Traditional monitoring tools provide data only about narrow components of the technology stack. As a result, IT teams must manually integrate and correlate the data from disparate systems and apply their own assumptions to identify the underlying cause of performance issues. This process is slow, prone to errors, and is made especially challenging by the complexity of multi-cloud applications. Collect limited snapshots of data that do not provide real-time observability. Traditional APM tools were not designed for the far larger and more complex data sets produced by multi-cloud applications and can only capture snapshots of application performance or user data. This approach requires these tools to rely on partial data sets, reducing their effectiveness in performing precise root-cause determination, adding risk, and delaying innovation. In addition, traditional monitoring tools do not provide visibility into containers and microservices, which leads to blind spots in software performance monitoring when used in cloud-based environments. Lack of flexible deployment options. Traditional monitoring solutions are either deployed as SaaS-only or on-premise-only. SaaS-only solutions often fail to meet the strict governance, security, and scale requirements of large enterprises, and were not built to monitor on-premise applications, making them incompatible with the needs of customers who manage hybrid-hosted applications. Conversely, traditional on-premise solutions were not built to manage cloud applications and are typically upgraded less frequently and thus innovate more slowly than cloud-based applications. Our Solution We offer the market-leading software intelligence platform, purpose-built for dynamic multi-cloud environments. We built our Dynatrace Software Intelligence Platform from the ground up to meet the challenges of running and optimizing dynamic multi-cloud environments and the applications and services that run across them. Our AI-powered, full-stack, and completely automated platform provides deep insight into dynamic, web-scale, multi-cloud ecosystems. Dynatrace® is able to provide real-time actionable insights about the performance of our customers’ entire software ecosystem by integrating high fidelity, web-scale data mapping its dependencies in real-time and analyzing them with an open, explainable AI engine. Dynatrace® is brought to market through our global direct sales force and a network of partners. The combination of our market-leading platform and go-to-market strategy has allowed us to achieve the scale, growth, and margins that we believe will provide us the capital to continue investing in driving further product differentiation. Our platform provides the following key benefits: • Single agent, fully automated configuration. Dynatrace ® is installed as a single agent, which we refer to as OneAgent ®, that automatically configures itself, continuously discovering all components of the full-stack to enable high fidelity and web-scale data capture. OneAgent® dynamically profiles the performance of all components of the full-stack with code-level precision, even as applications and environments update and change. 7 Table of Contents • • Full-stack, all-in-one approach with deep cloud integrations. Dynatrace ® combines APM with Infrastructure Monitoring, AIOps, Digital Experience Management, or DEM, and Digital Business Analytics in a single full-stack approach. We believe that this all-in-one approach reduces the need for a variety of disparate tools and enables our customers to improve productivity and decision making while reducing operating costs. Dynatrace® provides out-of-the-box configuration for the leading cloud platforms, such as AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Platform, Red Hat OpenShift, VMware Tanzu, and SAP, as well as coverage for traditional on-premise systems, including mainframe and monolithic applications in a single, easy- to-use, intelligent platform. AI-powered, answer-centric insights. Davis™, our explainable AI engine, dynamically baselines the performance of all components in the full- stack, continually learning normal performance thresholds in order to provide precise answers when performance deviates from expected or desired conditions. Unlike correlation engines that overwhelm IT professionals with dozens of alerts from many different tools, Dynatrace® provides a single problem resolution and precise root cause determination. We believe that the accuracy and precision of the answers delivered by our AI engine enable our customers to shift from reactive remediation, providing a substantial advantage in time, resource, efficiency, customer satisfaction, and business outcomes. • Web-scale and enterprise grade. Dynatrace® utilizes big data architecture and enterprise-proven cloud technologies that are engineered for web- scale environments. With role-based access and advanced security functionality, Dynatrace® was purpose-built for enterprise-wide adoption by the largest companies in the world. • Flexible deployment options. We deploy our platform as a SaaS solution, with the option of retaining the data in the cloud, or at the edge in customer-provisioned infrastructure, which we refer to as Dynatrace® Managed. The Dynatrace ® Managed offering allows customers to maintain control of the environment where their data resides, whether in the cloud or on-premise, combining the simplicity of SaaS with the ability to adhere to their own data security and sovereignty requirements. Our Mission Control center automatically upgrades all Dynatrace® instances and offers on- premise cluster customers auto-deployment options that suit their specific enterprise management processes. Our Opportunity We believe that our full-stack, all-in-one, software intelligence platform, Dynatrace®, has the ability to expand our potential market opportunity by allowing us to offer our solutions into adjacent markets beyond APM, replacing traditional monitoring tools, and potentially disrupting various well-established IT spending categories, such as infrastructure monitoring, alert and incident management, and network monitoring, as dynamic multi-cloud computing replaces traditional data centers. According to Gartner, the global IT operations software market was estimated to be $29 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 6.7% to $37.5 billion in 2023. We believe a significant portion of our market opportunity remains unpenetrated today. Gartner estimates that enterprises will quadruple their APM use due to increasingly digitized business processes from 2018 through 2021, to reach 20% of all business applications. As this trend continues, we believe there is an opportunity to increase our annual recurring revenue as enterprise customers expand the number of applications instrumented. We estimate that the annual potential market opportunity for our Dynatrace® solution is currently approximately $20 billion. We calculated this figure using the largest 15,000 global enterprises with greater than $750 million in annual revenue, as identified by S&P Capital IQ in February 2019. We then banded these companies by revenue scale, and multiplied the total number of companies in each band by our calculated annualized booking per customer for companies in each respective band. The calculated annualized bookings per customer applied for each band is calculated using internal company data of actual customer spend. For each respective band, we calculate the average annualized bookings per customer of the top 10% of customers in the band, which we believe to be representative of having achieved broader implementation of our solutions within their enterprises. We believe our potential market opportunity could expand further as enterprises increasingly instrument, monitor, and optimize more of their applications and underlying infrastructure. Our Growth Strategy • • Extend our technology and market leadership position. We intend to maintain our position as the market-leading software intelligence platform through increased investment in research and development and continued innovation. We expect to focus on expanding the functionality of Dynatrace® and investing in capabilities that address new market opportunities. We believe this strategy will enable new growth opportunities and allow us to continue to deliver differentiated high-value outcomes to our customers. Grow our customer base. We intend to drive new customer growth by expanding our direct sales force focused on the largest 15,000 global enterprise accounts, which generally have annual revenues in excess of $750 million. Approximately 59% of our Dynatrace® customers added during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 are new customers and the initial 8 Table of Contents average Dynatrace® ARR for these new customers was approximately $94,000. In addition, we expect to leverage our global partner ecosystem to add new customers in geographies where we have direct coverage and work jointly with our partners. In other geographies, we utilize a multi-tier “master reseller” model, such as in Africa, Japan, the Middle East, Russia, and South Korea. • • Increase penetration within existing customers. We plan to continue to increase the penetration within our existing customers by expanding the breadth of our platform capabilities to provide for continued cross-selling opportunities. In addition, we believe the ease of implementation for Dynatrace® provides us the opportunity to expand adoption within our existing enterprise customers, across new customer applications, and into additional business units or divisions. Once customers are on the Dynatrace® platform, we have seen significant dollar-based net expansion due to the ease of use and power of our new platform. Enhance our strategic partner ecosystem. Our strategic partners include industry-leading system integrators, software vendors, and cloud and technology providers. We intend to continue to invest in our partner ecosystem, with a particular emphasis on expanding our strategic alliances and cloud-focused partnerships, such as AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Platform, Red Hat OpenShift, and VMware Tanzu. The Dynatrace Software Intelligence Platform Dynatrace® is a software intelligence platform purpose-built for dynamic multi-cloud environments. Dynatrace® provides APM, infrastructure monitoring, AIOps, Digital Experience Monitoring (DEM) and Digital Business Analytics, in an easy-to-use, highly automated all-in-one solution. We engineered Dynatrace® to simplify the operation of complex multi-cloud environments and capture a wide variety of high-fidelity application and telemetry data at scale, then dynamically map all components and their dependencies for real-time, continuous context to provide answers to issues, bottlenecks, degradations and more using our proprietary AI engine. We believe this enhanced observability and automation across the full multi-cloud ecosystem enables our customers to modernize and automate IT operations more easily, develop and release higher quality software faster, and deliver superior user experiences consistently. Our proprietary, single-agent technology, OneAgent® automatically and continuously discovers metrics, logs, traces, code, user experiences and more to simplify implementation, upgrading and on going operation of dynamic multi-cloud environments. We believe that OneAgent® offers significant time savings to our customers by providing them with the ability to automate on going deployment, continuous configuration, and periodic upgrades, which allows customers to quickly and efficiently monitor more applications efficiently and effectively. Our SmartScape® technology continually maps a complete topology of the full-stack of modern software components and continuously updates in real-time to provide a comprehensive view of how virtual networks and infrastructure are running, what and where containers and applications are running, how processes are behaving and how all these entities are connected and performing. With automatic baselining, our Davis™ AI continually learns what normal performance is, processing billions of dependencies in milliseconds, to serve up answers that are beyond human capabilities. This allows our proprietary, explainable Davis™ AI engine to provide precise root cause problem identification, enabling faster decision making, greater optimization of IT resources, and better business outcomes. We engineered Dynatrace® for web-scale, multi-cloud environments with enterprise-grade governance and security and the ability to provide custom and secure role-based application and topology viewing access. We designed Dynatrace® to be highly scalable in order to capture and analyze massive data sets produced by multi-cloud environments in real-time. We believe that collecting high-fidelity data in one common architecture improves the intelligence of our AI engine and provides more precise answers about software performance and user activity across the full-stack. Using an application program interface, or API, we can extend Dynatrace® into common IT operations toolsets like ServiceNow and Atlassian’s software portfolio, enriching information users receive, increasing automation of business processes, and providing incremental context to improve decision making and drive greater IT operational efficiency. 9 Table of Contents Dynatrace Explainable AI Delivers Answers, Not Just Data Dynatrace® is a full-stack, all-in-one platform, which includes APM, DEM, AIOps, Digital Business Analytics and Infrastructure Monitoring. Customers typically start with APM and expand to include DEM for experience management and Infrastructure Monitoring when full APM is not required. Davis™, our AI engine, is part of every Dynatrace® license since it is a core component of our software intelligence approach. We deploy our platform as a SaaS solution, with data hosted in the cloud or at the edge on customer-provisioned infrastructure. This latter option we refer to as “Managed,” as we provide updates and enhancements automatically on a monthly basis while allowing customers the flexibility and control to adhere to their own data security and sovereignty requirements. 10 Table of Contents Dynatrace Software Intelligence for Dynamic Multi-cloud Environments Application Performance Monitoring Our approach to APM changes the way in which our customers monitor applications and manage transactions across highly complex multi-cloud environments. Because cloud applications are dynamic, we engineered our instrumentation to be automatic. Because cloud applications run on shared infrastructure, leveraging shared services, we monitor the full-stack to provide visibility into distributed transactions and underlying code (via PurePath®) as well as entity relationships and dependencies (via SmartScape®). Because dynamic multi-cloud environments are virtualized layers of software, we gather metrics and telemetry beyond transaction data, including log and event data. And because multi-cloud environments are highly complex, we analyze all data and dependency context via our AI engine. This combination of capabilities allows our customers to manage web-scale cloud environments easily, with continuous observability and insights into cloud operations, DevOps continuous integration and delivery pipelines, and business outcomes. Application coverage includes, though not limited to, traditional web and mobile environments such as Java, .NET, and PHP, modern environments such as Node.js and GoLang, database environments both SQL and NoSQL and mainframe environments such as CICS and IMS. 11 Table of Contents Infrastructure Monitoring Dynatrace® includes Infrastructure Monitoring to provide full visibility into the infrastructure layer across public, private, and multi-cloud environments. We offer extensive coverage, including integrations with cloud platforms, such as AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Platform, VMware Tanzu, Red Hat OpenShift and Kubernetes, by utilizing our OneAgent instrumentation and powerful API ingestion capabilities to provide a single source of analysis across environments. We natively and automatically monitor containers and the microservices running inside of them, without the need to manually instrument each container. Our analysis includes full observability into server metrics, including CPU, memory, network performance, and processes running on these hosts, including virtualized components. We also capture all relevant log files and put them in context of a transaction or a problem analysis to allow for richer detail and faster decision making. Infrastructure Monitoring from Dynatrace® is part of our full-stack agent deployment or can be licensed in an infrastructure-only mode for host environments that do not require application analysis, such as directory services, middleware services, certificate services, and a variety of public cloud services. AIOps Dynatrace® uses explainable AI and full-stack intelligence, which we call Davis, to simplify IT operations, accelerate DevOps success, and improve business outcomes. Davis reduces the alert noise that is often associated with correlation engines used in enterprise environments by providing precise root-cause analysis to enable proactive troubleshooting and rapid remediation without the delays and inefficiencies associated with alternative approaches. Dynatrace® continuously auto- detects the entire technology stack as well as third-party APIs to create a visual map of all elements of the environment and their dependencies, including applications, services, processes, hosts, networks, and infrastructure. This allows the platform to learn a baseline of normal performance and interdependencies. When anomalies are automatically detected, the AI engine determines the precise root cause of the anomaly and prioritizes its importance based on user and service impact. By using an open API, the Dynatrace® AI engine can ingest and analyze third party data, such as firewall, load balancer, certificate server and more, to extend coverage and tailor to the specific environments of each customer. We integrate our software intelligence with service management platforms to provide enriched data and improved workflows. This includes integrations with third parties such as ServiceNow and Atlassian, providing real-time updates to more accurately route problem tickets to the most appropriate IT teams and enriching the information available to them. Davis™, our AI engine is part of every Dynatrace® license since it is a core component of our software intelligence approach. Customers who wish to enrich our AI engine with 3rd party data can license for incremental data ingestion. Digital Experience Management (DEM) Dynatrace® provides intelligence into the digital experience of end users and how the software can be optimized to enhance user experience and maximize conversions. Our coverage has the ability to span across multiple applications to provide a single view of a customer journey across mobile, web, kiosk, SaaS applications, and IoT devices. Dynatrace® integrates three user experience capabilities into one Digital Experience Management solution—Real User Monitoring (RUM), Synthetic Monitoring and Session Replay. We believe this integration simplifies use, accelerates adoption and increases value for our customers. Dynatrace® RUM automatically captures every click, tap, and swipe of the user, regardless of device, across targeted applications. This capability is designed to enable our customers to quickly determine the impact that performance has on their conversion rates and revenue. We monitor at a user journey level to preserve a user’s context for analysis, reporting, customer care and cross-channel tracking (e.g. a journey that traverses a mobile device and PC, or IoT devices and mobile device). Dynatrace® Synthetic monitoring provides a proactive view into application and API performance and availability without the need for a live user of the application and can do so from multiple locations around the world. In addition, a customer can choose to extend test locations as well as test additional applications via private on-premise nodes. Simulated user visits are scripted by clicking through an application as a user would, and then provisioned and monitored by our SaaS DEM portal. Our customers use synthetic monitoring for proactive alerting and service level agreement management for both internally built cloud applications as well as for monitoring third-party applications such as Salesforce, Zoom, NetSuite, ServiceNow, and more. Dynatrace® Session Replay provides digital business teams, customer care teams and DevOps teams a visual recording of a real user’s journey, including what they saw, what they clicked-on, how they traversed the application, and how they converted or where they abandoned. This expands Dynatrace’s® capabilities beyond user experience monitoring and into user behavior monitoring and analysis. All Dynatrace® DEM capabilities use a common user interface, common dashboard and reporting system, and a common licensing scheme that we call “DEM units.” Customers license DEM separately and the license supports all three capabilities. 12 Table of Contents Digital Business Analytics In October 2019, we introduced Digital Business Analytics on the Dynatrace® platform. Digital Business Analytics provides real-time, AI-powered answers to business questions using data already flowing through Dynatrace’s application and digital experience monitoring modules. By tying together user experience, customer behavior and application performance data with business metrics, Digital Business Analytics provides real-time answers about conversions, orders, churn, release validation and customer segmentation. Traditionally, application owners and business users have used disparate, siloed tools and have manually analyzed data, which hampered their ability to run and optimize their digital business offerings in real-time. Dynatrace’s AI engine Davis™ is at the core of Digital Business Analytics. Davis™ continually learns what expected “normal” business performance looks like and provides proactive answers to issues, enabling faster decision making, greater optimization of resources and better business outcomes. Over the next several quarters we plan to add additional analytics and integration capabilities as we develop Digital Business Analytics into a comprehensive business analytics offering. Over time, we believe Digital Business Analytics could expand our total addressable market by several billion dollars, as we enter and expand our offerings into a segment of the larger Analytics and Business Intelligence market. According to Gartner, the Analytics and Business Intelligence market within the Enterprise Application Software macro-market is estimated to be $24 billion globally in 2020. Prior to launching Dynatrace® in 2016, our solutions consisted of the following suite of APM products, or the Classic products, which as of April 2018 are only available to customers who had previously purchased these products. We have largely incorporated the use cases for these products into our new Dynatrace® platform. These products made up only 8% of Total ARR at the end of March 2020. Our Classic Products AppMon AppMon continuously discovers and monitors all processing in application environments. AppMon works across a wide variety of traditional application environments including mobile apps, web apps, web browsers, web servers, Java, .NET, Node.js, PHP, databases, middleware, and mainframe. Typically, AppMon is deployed on-premise using customer-provisioned infrastructure. Classic Real User Monitoring Classic RUM (also called End User Experience Monitoring) tracks each user’s experience from an edge device, such as a smart phone, tablet, PC or kiosk, through cloud services to and including a customer’s web tier. Combined with AppMon, and leveraging PurePath® technology, Classic RUM is designed to enable customers to understand the impact that performance has on user experience. Like AppMon, Classic RUM is typically deployed using customer-provisioned infrastructure. Synthetic Classic Synthetic Classic provided a simulated customer experience and was used to monitor application and API availability and performance. Its functionality has been redesigned and is now included in the Dynatrace DEM module. The Synthetic Classic product is no longer available as of April 2020 after customers were fully migrated to Dynatrace. Network Application Monitoring Network Application Monitoring, or NAM (also called DC RUM), provides visibility into traditional enterprise applications, network services, user experience, and application delivery across complex wide-area networks using a passive wire-data approach. NAM extends visibility into applications and key network infrastructure, such as SAP, Citrix, Oracle Applications, and more, complementing host-based monitoring. NAM is deployed using customer-provisioned infrastructure. Research and Development Our research and development organization is responsible for the design, development, testing, and operation of all aspects of our software intelligence offerings, addressing new use cases, adding new innovative capabilities, extending the scale and scope of our technology, and embracing modern cloud and AI technologies while maintaining high quality. We utilize an agile development process with 100% test automation to deliver approximately 25 major software releases per year and hundreds of minor releases, fixes and currency updates. We believe monitoring the full-stack of software required by dynamic multi-cloud environments requires a highly efficient and agile process to enable high-performing software across the diverse, dynamic cloud ecosystems of our customers. Our primary lab locations are located in Austria, Poland and Spain. We believe that our extensive European lab network is an advantage in driving lower costs, higher quality software and a more stable workforce. 13 Table of Contents Customers As of March 31, 2020, we had more than 2,700 customers in over 80 countries. No organization or customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenue for the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018. Representative customers, which generated Dynatrace® ARR in excess of our average Dynatrace ARR® per customer for the year ended March 31, 2020 and reflect the industry diversity of our Dynatrace customers, include Lloyds TSB, The Western Union Company, American Fidelity Assurance Company, The Kroger Co., Daimler AG, Air Canada, SAP SE and Autodesk, Inc. Sales and Marketing We take Dynatrace® to market through a combination of our global direct sales team and a network of partners, including resellers, system integrators and managed service providers. We target the largest 15,000 global enterprise accounts, which generally have annual revenues in excess of $750 million, which we believe see more value from our integrated full-stack platform. Our sales and marketing organizations seek to promote the Dynatrace brand, our platform capabilities, and develop partnerships to drive revenue growth. We utilize a variety of go-to market strategies, including search engine optimization, online advertising, free software trials, events, online webinars, and broad content marketing strategies. We nurture our existing customer base through ongoing education, training, and upsell and cross-sell opportunities. We do this primarily through our digital online channels, such as the Dynatrace Community and Dynatrace University, as well as our customer event series ‘Perform’ – which caters to more than 7,500 people across 30 events globally. We develop and maintain partnerships that help us market and deliver our products to our customers around the world. Our mission is to bring together industry experts and hands-on practitioners to create a world class partner network. In addition, our partner network extends the sales reach of the Dynatrace® platform providing new sales opportunities, renewals of existing subscriptions, as well as upsell and cross sell opportunities. Our partner network includes the following: Partners • • • • Cloud providers. We work with many of the major cloud providers to increase awareness of our products and make it easy for customers to access our software. Our software is developed to run in and integrate with leading cloud providers, such as, AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform. Our customers are also able to procure our software through leading marketplaces such as AWS, Azure, SAP, and IBM. Resellers. Our resellers market and sell our products throughout the world, and provide a go-to-market channel in regions where we do not have a direct presence, such as Africa, Japan, the Middle East, Russia, and South Korea. Technology alliance partners. We partner with leading innovative technology organizations such as Red Hat, VMWare, and Atlassian to develop integrations, best practices, and extended capabilities that help our customers and solution partners achieve faster time to market and enhanced value in dynamic multi-cloud environments. System integrators. We have a network of systems integrators, both global and regional, that help joint customers integrate our products into their multi-cloud ecosystems. These partners extend our scale and reach and collaborate with our direct sales teams, bringing domain expertise in technologies and industries along with additional offerings powered by Dynatrace®. Professional Services Our global team of highly skilled consultants, architects and certified partners deliver strategic guidance and leadership designed to drive innovation for our customers. Whether working directly onsite or remotely by virtual engagement, Dynatrace offers and delivers a modernized portfolio of consulting and architectural services designed for every stage of our customers’ cloud transformation journey. Our expertise includes cloud ecosystem integration, incident and alert management integration, DevOps CI/CD integration, user experience and business intelligence insights and more. Dynatrace University is our global on-line, self-service education program that provides a number of learning options for customers and partners to develop their skills around monitoring, managing, integrating, and analyzing multi-cloud environments and application workloads with Dynatrace. Support and SaaS Operations Dynatrace ONE is our innovative onboarding and support service focused on simplifying and streamlining the experience our customers have with the company and our products. This service is delivered by a global team of product specialists, customer success managers, and support engineers. Dynatrace ONE uses in- product chat as the primary vehicle for customer interaction to drive adoption and growth, as well as to handle issues and user questions. We maintain a SaaS-like connection to tenants and clusters, both in the cloud and managed 14 Table of Contents on customer provisioned infrastructure, via our “Mission Control” system, which allows us to streamline communication and accelerate resolution of issues. Dynatrace ONE is offered to all Dynatrace customers free of charge and includes automatic product updates and upgrades, online access to documentation, knowledge base, and discussion forums as well as access to Dynatrace University. Dynatrace ONE is comprised of technical personnel distributed across three territories and provides global coverage during normal business hours, and across multiple languages. Dynatrace ONE Premium is an extra level of support services for customers who want to accelerate their adoption of our platform, increase their access to support, and extend their hours of expert coverage. Dynatrace ONE Premium offers dedicated expertise for customers with designated Product Specialists and Customer Success Managers familiar with the customer’s environment, goals, and challenges in order to provide a customized success plan. We proactively monitor our customers’ Dynatrace® installations around the world, whether tenants are shared in the cloud or managed on customer-provisioned infrastructure. We operate our SaaS offerings in geographic locations across North America, Europe and Asia within AWS, combined with worldwide coverage of synthetic nodes in approximately 50 different datacenters including AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Alibaba Cloud Services. Our Dynatrace Security Team develops new process and technology controls, while we also employ third party firms for penetration tests, security audits, and security testing. Intellectual Property We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark, trade dress, and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual restrictions, to establish and protect our proprietary rights. These laws, procedures, and restrictions provide only limited protection. As of March 31, 2020, we had 67 issued patents, 61 of which are in the United States, and 25 pending applications, of which 20 are in the United States. Our issued patents expire at various dates through February 2038. We cannot be assured that any of our patent applications will result in the issuance of a patent or whether the examination process will require us to narrow the scope of the claims sought. Any future patents issued to us may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. Any patents that may issue in the future with respect to pending or future patent applications may not provide sufficiently broad protection or may not prove to be enforceable in actions against alleged infringers. We have registered “Dynatrace” and the “Dynatrace” logo as trademarks in the United States and other jurisdictions for our name and our product as well as certain other words and phrases that we use in our business, including “One Agent”, “PurePath”, “SmartScape” and “Davis” (registration pending). We have registered numerous Internet domain names related to our business. We also license software from third parties for integration into our applications and utilize open source software. We enter into agreements with our employees, contractors, customers, partners, and other parties with which we do business to limit access to and disclosure of our proprietary information. We cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent unauthorized use or reverse engineering of our technology. Moreover, others may independently develop technologies that are competitive with ours or that infringe our intellectual property. The enforcement of our intellectual property rights also depends on any legal actions against these infringers being successful, but these actions may not be successful, even when our rights have been infringed. Furthermore, effective patent, trademark, trade dress, copyright, and trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which our products are available over the Internet. In addition, the legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of intellectual property rights are uncertain and still evolving. The market for software application monitoring and analytics solutions is evolving, complex and defined by changing technology and customer needs. We expect competition to intensify in the future as competitors bundle new and more competitive offerings with their existing products and services, and as products and product enhancements are introduced into our markets. As we have expanded our capabilities beyond traditional APM, we increasingly compete with a wider range of vendors. We expect competition to continually evolve as enterprises shift to dynamic multi-cloud environments and as more mature vendors look to provide a holistic approach to monitoring. Competition We compete either directly or indirectly with: • • • • APM vendors, such as Cisco AppDynamics, Broadcom, and New Relic; infrastructure monitoring vendors, such as BMC, Datadog, and Nagios; DEM vendors, such as Akamai and Catchpoint; point solutions from public cloud providers; and 15 Table of Contents • IT operations management, AIOps, and business intelligence providers that with offerings that cover some portion of the capabilities that we provide. In addition to the above companies, we also face potential competition from vendors in adjacent markets that may offer capabilities that overlap with ours. We may also face competition from companies entering our market, including large technology companies which could expand their platforms or acquire one of our competitors. The principal competitive factors in our markets are: • • • • • • • • • • artificial intelligence capabilities; automation; product features, functionality, and reliability; ease and cost of deployment, use and maintenance; deployment options and flexibility; customer, technology, and platform support; ability to easily integrate with customers software application and IT infrastructure environments; the quality of data collection and correlation; interoperability and ease of integration; and brand recognition. While we believe that we compete favorably on the basis of the foregoing factors, we may be at a competitive disadvantage to certain of our current and future competitors as they may be able to devote greater resources to the development and improvement of their products and services than we can and, as a result, may be able to respond more quickly to technological changes and customers’ changing needs. Moreover, because our market is changing rapidly, it is possible that new entrants, especially those with substantial resources, more efficient operating models, more rapid product development cycles or lower marketing costs, could introduce new products and services that disrupt the manner in which our all-in-one, highly automated approach addresses the needs of our customers and potential customers. Employees As of March 31, 2020, we had 2,243 full-time employees, including 691 in sales and marketing, 742 in research and development, 230 in administrative functions, 229 in services, and 351 in customer support. Among our full-time employees as of March 31, 2020, 861 were in North America, 1,117 were in EMEA, 200 were in Asia Pacific, and 65 were in Latin America. Corporate Information Our principal executive offices are located at 1601 Trapelo Road, Suite 116, Waltham, MA 02451 and our telephone number at that address is (781) 530-1000. Our website address is www.dynatrace.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute part of this Annual Report, and inclusions of our website address in this Annual Report are inactive textual references only. The Dynatrace design logo and our other registered or common law trademarks, service marks or trade names appearing in this Annual Report are the property of Dynatrace LLC. This Annual Report includes our trademarks and trade names, including, without limitation, Dynatrace®, OneAgent®, SmartScape®, PurePath® and Davis™, which are our property and are protected under applicable intellectual property laws. Other trademarks and trade names referred to in this Annual Report are the property of their respective owners. We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, and, as such, we have elected to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements. We will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering, or IPO, (ii) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenue is $1.07 billion or more, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous rolling three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt securities or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Beginning March 31, 2021, we expect to no longer qualify as an emerging growth company. Available Information 16 Table of Contents Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available free of charge on the Investor Relations section of our website at www.dynatrace.com as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such material with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC maintains an Internet website at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, and other information regarding us and other companies that file materials with the SEC electronically. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes, before making a decision to invest in our common stock. The risks and uncertainties described below may not be the only ones we face. If any of the risks actually occur, our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Risks Related to Our Business The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have materially affected how we and our customers are operating our businesses, and the duration and extent to which this will impact our future results of operations and overall financial performance remains uncertain. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease, or COVID-19, was reported and in January 2020, the World Health Organization, or WHO, declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. On February 28, 2020, the WHO raised its assessment of the COVID-19 threat from high to very high at a global level due to the continued increase in the number of cases and affected countries, and on March 11, 2020, the WHO characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic, which has continued to spread, and the related adverse public health developments, including orders to shelter-in-place, travel restrictions, and mandated business closures, have adversely affected workforces, organizations, customers, economies, and financial markets globally, leading to an economic downturn and increased market volatility. It has also disrupted the normal operations of many businesses, including ours. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have temporarily closed our global offices, including our corporate headquarters and R&D labs, suspended all company-related travel, and substantially all Dynatrace employees globally are required to work from home for the foreseeable future. We shifted our annual Sales Kickoff and other events to virtual-only experiences, and have either canceled or changed other customer and industry events to dial-in experiences. We may deem it advisable to similarly alter, postpone or cancel entirely additional customer, employee or industry events in the future, including Perform 2021. All of these changes may disrupt the way we operate our business. Given that the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have been exceptionally challenging for many of our customers and prospects, we have offered extended free trial periods in certain circumstances, changed how we spend on marketing and lead generation activities, and slowed down the pace at which we are hiring new employees. Moreover, the conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic can affect the rate of spending on software products and could adversely affect our customers’ ability or willingness to purchase our offerings; the timing of our current or prospective customers’ purchasing decisions; pricing discounts or extended payment terms; reductions in the amount or duration of customers’ subscription contracts or term licenses; or increase customer attrition rates, all of which could adversely affect our future sales, operating results and overall financial performance. Our operations have also begun to be affected by a range of external factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic that are not within our control. For example, many cities, counties, states, and even countries have imposed or may impose a wide range of restrictions on the physical movement of our employees, partners and customers to limit the spread of COVID-19. If the COVID-19 pandemic starts to have a substantial impact on the productivity of our employees, and partners or a continued substantial impact on the attendance of our employees, or a continued and substantial impact on the ability of our customers to purchase our offerings, our results of operations and overall financial performance may be harmed. The duration and extent of the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic depends on future developments that cannot be accurately predicted at this time, such as the severity and transmission rate of the virus, the extent and effectiveness of containment actions, the disruption caused by such actions, and the impact of these and other factors on our employees, customers, partners, vendors and the global economy. If we are not able to respond to and manage the impact of such events effectively, our business will be harmed. 17 Table of Contents To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business and financial results, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section, including, in particular, risks related to our ability to secure customer renewals, the addition of new customers and increased revenue from existing customers, risks that our operating results could be negatively affected by changes in the sizes or types of businesses that purchase our platform and the risk that weakened global economic conditions may harm our industry, business and results of operations. We have experienced rapid subscription revenue growth in recent periods, and our recent growth rates may not be indicative of our future growth. We have experienced rapid subscription revenue growth in recent periods. From the year ended March 31, 2018 to the year ended March 31, 2019, our subscription revenue grew 36% from $257.6 million to $349.8 million, respectively. From the year ended March 31, 2019 to the year ended March 31, 2020, our subscription revenue grew 39% from $349.8 million to $487.8 million, respectively. From the year ended March 31, 2018 to the year ended March 31, 2019, subscription revenue as a percentage of total revenue grew from 65% to 81%, respectively. From the year ended March 31, 2019 to the year ended March 31, 2020, subscription revenue as a percentage of total revenue grew from 81% to 89% respectively. This subscription revenue growth may not be indicative of our future subscription revenue growth and we may not be able to sustain revenue growth consistent with recent history, or at all. We believe our ability to continue to increase our revenue depends on a number of factors, including, but not limited to: • • • • • • • • our ability to attract new customers and retain and increase sales to existing customers; our ability to continue to expand customer adoption of our Dynatrace® platform, including the conversion of customers from our Classic products; our ability to develop our existing platform and introduce new solutions on our platform; continued growth of cloud-based services and solutions; our ability to continue to develop and offer products and solutions that are superior to those of our competitors; our ability to retain customers; our ability to expand into new geographies and markets, including the business intelligence and data analytics market; and our ability to hire and retain sufficient numbers of sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative personnel, and expand our global operations. If we are unable to achieve any of these requirements, our subscription revenue growth will be adversely affected. Our quarterly and annual operating results may be adversely affected due to a variety of factors, which could make our future results difficult to predict. Our annual and quarterly revenue and operating results have fluctuated significantly in the past and may vary significantly in the future due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. Our financial results in any one quarter may not be meaningful and should not be relied upon as indicative of future performance. If our revenues, earnings or operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts in a particular quarter, or below any guidance that we may provide, the price of our common stock could decline. We may not be able to accurately predict our future billings, revenues, earnings or operating results. Some of the important factors that may cause our operating results to fluctuate from quarter to quarter or year to year include: • • • • • • • fluctuations in the demand for our solutions, and the timing of purchases by our customers, particularly larger purchases; fluctuations in the rate of utilization by enterprise customers of the cloud to manage their business needs, or a slow-down in the migration of enterprise systems to the cloud; our ability to attract new customers and retain existing customers; our ability to expand into new geographies and markets, including the business intelligence and data analytics market; the budgeting cycles and internal purchasing priorities of our customers; changes in customer renewal rates, churn and our ability to cross-sell additional solutions to our existing customers and our ability to up-sell additional quantities of previously purchased products to existing customers; the seasonal buying patterns of our customers; 18 Table of Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • the payment terms and contract term length associated with our product sales and their effect on our billings and free cash flow; changes in customer requirements or market needs; the emergence of significant privacy, data protection, security or other threats, regulations or requirements applicable to the use of enterprise systems or cloud-based systems that we are not prepared to meet or that require additional investment by us; changes in the demand and growth rate of the market for software and systems monitoring and analytics solutions; our ability to anticipate or respond to changes in the competitive landscape, or improvements in the functionality of competing solutions that reduce or eliminate one or more of our competitive advantages; our ability to timely develop, introduce and gain market acceptance for new solutions and product enhancements; our ability to adapt and update our products and solutions on an ongoing and timely basis in order to maintain compatibility and efficacy with the frequently changing and expanding variety of software and systems that our products are designed to monitor; our ability to maintain and expand our relationships with strategic technology partners, who own, operate and offer the major platforms on which cloud applications operate, with which we must interoperate and remain compatible, and from which we must obtain certifications and endorsements in order to maintain credibility and momentum in the market; our ability to control costs, including our operating expenses; our ability to efficiently complete and integrate any acquisitions or business combinations that we may undertake in the future; general economic, industry and market conditions, both domestically and in our foreign markets; the emergence of new technologies or trends in the marketplace; foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; the timing of revenue recognition for our customer transactions, and the effect of the mix of time-based licenses, SaaS subscriptions and perpetual licenses on the timing of revenue recognition; extraordinary expenses, such as litigation or other dispute-related settlement payments; and future accounting pronouncements or changes in our accounting policies. Any one of the factors referred to above or the cumulative effect of some of the factors referred to above may result in our operating results being below our expectations and the expectations of securities analysts and investors, or may result in significant fluctuations in our quarterly and annual operating results, including fluctuations in our key performance indicators. This variability and unpredictability could result in our failure to meet our business plan or the expectations of securities analysts or investors for any period. In addition, a significant percentage of our operating expenses are fixed in nature in the short term and based on forecasted revenue trends. Accordingly, in the event of revenue shortfalls, we are generally unable to mitigate the negative impact on margins in the short term. Our debt obligations contain restrictions that impact our business and expose us to risks that could adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition. At March 31, 2020, we had approximately $550.0 million of aggregate indebtedness, as defined in the Credit Agreement, consisting of $521.1 million outstanding under our first lien term loan facility, $15.3 million outstanding under a $25.0 million letter of credit sub-facility and $11.1 million in unamortized debt issuance fees. Under our first lien term loan facility, we are required to repay approximately $2.4 million of principal at the end of each quarter (commencing March 31, 2019) and are required to pay accrued interest on the last day of each interest accrual period. During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, we repaid all outstanding borrowings and accrued interest under our second lien term loan facility and recognized a loss on debt extinguishment of $2.7 million within “Interest expense, net” in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended March 31, 2020. Interest accrual periods under each loan facility are typically one month in duration. The actual amounts of our debt servicing payments vary based on the amounts of indebtedness outstanding, the applicable interest accrual periods and the applicable interest rates, which vary based on prescribed formulas. Our cash paid for interest was approximately $39.6 million, $41.0 million, and $38,000 during the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. 19 Table of Contents The credit and guaranty agreement, which we refer to as our Credit Agreement, governing our term loan facility and our revolving credit facility, which we refer to as our Credit Facility, contains various covenants that are operative so long as our Credit Facility remains outstanding. The covenants, among other things, limit our and certain of our subsidiaries’ abilities to: • • • incur additional indebtedness or guarantee indebtedness of others; create additional liens on our assets; pay dividends and make other distributions on our capital stock, and redeem and repurchase our capital stock; • make investments, including acquisitions; • make capital expenditures; • • • enter into mergers or consolidations or sell assets; engage in sale and leaseback transactions; or enter into transactions with affiliates. Our Credit Facility also contains numerous affirmative covenants, including financial covenants. Even if our Credit Facility is terminated, any additional debt that we incur in the future could subject us to similar or additional covenants. For a more detailed description of our indebtedness, see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements. If we experience a decline in cash flow due to any of the factors described in this “Risk Factors” section or otherwise, we may have difficulty paying the interest and principal amount of our outstanding indebtedness and meeting the financial covenants set forth in our Credit Facility. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or otherwise to obtain the funds necessary to make required payments under our Credit Facility, or if we fail to comply with the various requirements of our indebtedness, we could default under our Credit Facility. Our Credit Facility also contains provisions that trigger repayment obligations or an event of default upon a change of control, as well as various representations and warranties which, if breached, could lead to an event of default. Any such default that is not cured or waived could result in an acceleration of indebtedness then outstanding under our Credit Facility, an increase in the applicable interest rates under our Credit Facility, and a requirement that our subsidiaries that have guaranteed our Credit Facility pay the obligations in full, and would permit the lenders to exercise remedies with respect to all of the collateral that is securing our Credit Facility, including substantially all of our and our subsidiary guarantors’ assets. We cannot be certain that our future operating results will be sufficient to ensure compliance with the covenants in our Credit Agreement or to remedy any defaults under our Credit Agreement. In addition, in the event of any default and related acceleration, we may not have or be able to obtain sufficient funds to make any accelerated payments. Any such default could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations. Our substantial level of indebtedness could materially and adversely affect our financial condition. We now have, and expect to continue to have, significant indebtedness that could result in a material and adverse effect on our business by: • • • • increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions; requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, research and development efforts and other general corporate purposes; limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate; and exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates as certain of our borrowings are, and may in the future be, at variable interest rates. The occurrence of any one of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and ability to satisfy our obligations under our Credit Facility. We may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness, including our Credit Facility, at or before maturity. We may not be able to accomplish any of these alternatives on terms acceptable to us, or at all. In addition, our existing Credit Agreement restricts us, and future credit agreements may restrict us, from adopting any of these alternatives. The failure to generate sufficient cash flow or to achieve any of these alternatives could materially adversely affect our ability to pay the amounts due under our Credit Agreement. 20 Table of Contents Changes in U.S. tax law could adversely affect our business and financial condition. The laws, rules and regulations dealing with U.S. federal, state, and local income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department. Changes to tax laws (which changes may have retroactive application) could adversely affect us or holders of our common stock. In recent years, many changes have been made to applicable tax laws and changes are likely to continue to occur in the future. For example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the TCJA, was enacted in 2017 and made significant changes to corporate taxation, including the reduction of the corporate tax rate from a top marginal rate of 35% to a flat rate of 21%, the limitation of the tax deduction for net interest expense to 30% of adjusted taxable income (except for certain small businesses), the limitation of the deduction for net operating losses from taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 to 80% of current year taxable income and the elimination of net operating loss carrybacks generated in taxable years ending after December 31, 2017 (though any such net operating losses may be carried forward indefinitely), and the modification or repeal of many business deductions and credits. In addition, on March 27, 2020, President Trump signed into law the “Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act” or the CARES Act, which included certain changes in tax law intended to stimulate the U.S. economy in light of the COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak, including temporary beneficial changes to the treatment of net operating losses, interest deductibility limitations and payroll tax matters. It cannot be predicted whether, when, in what form, or with what effective dates, new tax laws may be enacted, or regulations and rulings may be enacted, promulgated or issued under existing or new tax laws, which could result in an increase in our or our shareholders’ tax liability or require changes in the manner in which we operate in order to minimize or mitigate any adverse effects of changes in tax law or in the interpretation thereof. The spin-off of Compuware and the spin-off of SIGOS were taxable transactions for us, and we are subject to tax liabilities in connection with such transactions. Neither the spin-off of Compuware, or the Compuware Spin-Off, nor the spin-off of SIGOS, or the SIGOS Spin-Off, qualified as a tax-free spin-off under Section 355 or other provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, or the Code. Estimated corporate-level U.S. federal, state and local taxes, or the Estimated Compuware Spin Tax Liability, were paid by us in connection with the Compuware Spin-Off and in connection therewith, Compuware distributed to us $265.0 million, as described below. These estimated taxes were generally based upon the gain computed as the difference between the fair market value of the Compuware assets distributed and the adjusted tax basis in such assets. We did not have sufficient losses available to fully offset the gain we expect to realize as a result of the Compuware Spin- Off. We do not believe we incurred any material tax liabilities in connection with the SIGOS Spin-Off because the estimated fair market value of the SIGOS assets was materially similar to the adjusted tax basis in such assets. Pursuant to a Master Structuring Agreement, Compuware distributed to us an amount equal to $265.0 million concurrently with the Compuware Spin-Off in connection with the estimated tax liability. However, the actual amount of our tax liability relating to the Compuware Spin-Off will not be determined until we complete our applicable tax returns with respect to the taxable period that includes the Compuware Spin-Off, as certain factors within these returns will determine the effective rate at which the gain will be taxed. We would be solely responsible for any amount of taxes owed in excess of the Estimated Compuware Spin Tax Liability, which amount could be material, and Compuware will not pay or reimburse us for such amount. We have calculated an Estimated Compuware Spin Tax Liability of $251.8 million and paid such amounts to the relevant tax authorities. Although the Estimated Compuware Spin Tax Liability has been calculated based on a third-party valuation of Compuware and we believe is a reasonable estimate of the taxes owed by us with respect to the Compuware Spin-Off, we cannot offer any assurances that the final tax liability will not be different. Any tax liabilities in excess of the Estimated Compuware Spin Tax Liability may adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, if the Internal Revenue Service or other taxing authorities were to successfully challenge in an audit or other tax dispute the amount of taxes owed in connection with the Compuware Spin-Off or the SIGOS Spin-Off, we could be liable for additional taxes, including interest and penalties. We would be responsible for any such additional amounts, which would not be reimbursed to us by Compuware. While we have obtained an insurance policy that provides coverage if the Internal Revenue Service or other taxing authorities assert that additional taxes are owed in connection with the Compuware Spin-Off, such policy is subject to certain limitations and exclusions, and we cannot offer any assurances that such policy will fully cover any additional taxes owed by us. We did not obtain a tax insurance policy relating to the SIGOS Spin-Off. Any tax liabilities determined to be owed by us relating to the Compuware Spin-Off or the SIGOS Spin-Off following an audit or other tax dispute may adversely affect our results of operations. Federal and state fraudulent transfer laws may permit a court to avoid Compuware’s distribution to us to partially satisfy the estimated tax liability incurred by us from the Compuware Spin-Off. On July 31, 2019, Compuware distributed $265.0 million to us to partially or wholly satisfy the estimated tax liability incurred by us in connection with the Compuware Spin-Off. Such distribution might be subject to challenge under federal and state fraudulent conveyance laws even if the distribution was completed. Under applicable laws, the distribution could be avoided as a fraudulent transfer or conveyance if, among other things, the transferor received less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration in return for, and was insolvent 21 Table of Contents or rendered insolvent by reason of, the transfer. Alternatively, the distribution could be avoided as a preference if Compuware were to commence a bankruptcy case within one year following the distribution if we are deemed to be an “insider” with respect to Compuware under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. We cannot be certain as to the standards a court would use to determine whether or not Compuware was insolvent at the relevant time. In general, however, a court would look at various facts and circumstances related to the entity in question, including evaluation of whether or not (i) the sum of its debts, including contingent and unliquidated liabilities, was greater than the fair market value of all of its assets; (ii) the present fair market value of its assets was less than the amount that would be required to pay its probable liability on its existing debts, including contingent liabilities, as they become absolute and mature; or (iii) it could pay its debts as they become due. If a court were to find that the distribution was a fraudulent transfer or conveyance, the court could avoid the distribution. In addition, the distribution could also be avoided if a court were to find that it is not a legal distribution or dividend under applicable corporate law. The resulting complications, costs and expenses of either finding could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Failure to maintain our credit ratings could adversely affect our liquidity, capital position, ability to hedge certain financial risks, borrowing costs and access to capital markets. Our credit risk is evaluated by the major independent rating agencies, and such agencies have in the past and could in the future downgrade our ratings. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our current credit ratings, and any additional actual or anticipated changes or downgrades in our credit ratings, including any announcement that our ratings are under further review for a downgrade, may have a negative impact on our liquidity, capital position, ability to hedge certain financial risks and access to capital markets. In addition, changes by any rating agency to our outlook or credit rating could increase the interest we pay on outstanding or future debt. Market adoption of software intelligence solutions for application performance monitoring, digital experience monitoring, infrastructure monitoring, AIOps and the business intelligence and analytics market is relatively new and may not grow as we expect, which may harm our business and prospects. The utilization of software intelligence solutions, such as Dynatrace®, for digital experience monitoring, infrastructure monitoring, and AIOps is relatively new. We believe our future success will depend in large part on the growth, if any, in the demand for software intelligence solutions, particularly the demand for enterprise-wide solutions. We currently target the markets for application performance monitoring, or APM, infrastructure monitoring, AIOps and digital experience monitoring and business intelligence and analytics. It is difficult to predict customer demand, adoption, churn and renewal rates for our solutions, the rate at which existing customers expand their usage of our solutions, the size and growth rate of the market for our solutions. Expansion in our addressable market depends on a number of factors, including the continued and growing reliance of enterprises on software applications to manage and drive critical business functions and customer interactions, increased use of microservices and containers, as well as the continued proliferation of mobile applications, large data sets, cloud computing and the Internet of Things. If our solutions do not achieve widespread adoption or there is a reduction in demand for software intelligence solutions generally, it could result in reduced customer purchases, reduced renewal rates and decreased revenue, any of which will adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Our business is dependent on overall demand for software intelligence solutions and therefore reduced spending on software intelligence solutions or overall adverse economic conditions may negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Our business depends on the overall demand for software intelligence solutions, particularly demand from mid- to large-sized enterprises worldwide, and the purchase of our solutions by such organizations is often discretionary. In an economic downturn, our customers may reduce their operating or IT budgets, which could cause them to defer or forego purchases of software intelligence solutions, including ours. Customers may delay or cancel IT projects or seek to lower their costs by renegotiating vendor contracts or renewals. To the extent purchases of software intelligence solutions are perceived by existing customers and potential customers to be discretionary, our revenue may be disproportionately affected by delays or reductions in general IT spending. Weak global economic conditions or a reduction in software intelligence spending, even if general economic conditions remain unaffected, could adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition in a number of ways, including longer sales cycles, lower prices for our solutions, reduced subscription renewals and lower revenue. In addition, any negative economic effects or instability resulting from changes in the political environment and international relations in the United States or other key markets as well as resulting regulatory or tax policy changes may adversely affect our business and financial results. As the market for software intelligence solutions is new and continues to develop, trends in spending remain unpredictable and subject to reductions due to the changing technology environment and customer needs as well as uncertainties about the future. 22 Table of Contents If we cannot successfully execute on our strategy and continue to develop and effectively market solutions that anticipate and respond to the needs of our customers, our business, operating results and financial condition may suffer. The market for software intelligence solutions is at an early stage of development and is characterized by constant change and innovation, and we expect it to continue to rapidly evolve. Moreover, many of our customers operate in industries characterized by changing technologies and business models, which require them to develop and manage increasingly complex software application and IT infrastructure environments. Our future success, if any, will be based on our ability to consistently provide our customers with a unified, real-time view into the performance of their software applications and IT infrastructure, provide notification and prioritization of degradations and failures, perform root cause analysis of performance issues, and analyze the quality of their end users’ experiences and the resulting impact on their businesses and brands. If we do not respond to the rapidly changing needs of our customers by developing and making available new solutions and solution enhancements that can address evolving customer needs on a timely basis, our competitive position and business prospects will be harmed. In addition, the process of developing new technology is complex and uncertain, and if we fail to accurately predict customers’ changing needs and emerging technological trends, our business could be harmed. We believe that we must continue to dedicate significant resources to our research and development efforts, including significant resources to developing new solutions and solution enhancements before knowing whether the market will accept them. Our new solutions and solution enhancements could fail to attain sufficient market acceptance for many reasons, including: • • • • • • • delays in releasing new solutions or enhancements to the market; delays or failures to provide updates to customers to maintain compatibility between Dynatrace® and the various applications and platforms being used in the customers’ application and multi-cloud environment; the failure to accurately predict market or customer demands; defects, errors or failures in the design or performance of our new solutions or solution enhancements; negative publicity about the performance or effectiveness of our solutions; the introduction or anticipated introduction of competing products by our competitors; and the perceived value of our solutions or enhancements relative to their cost. To the extent we are not able to continue to execute on our business model to timely and effectively develop and market applications to address these challenges and attain market acceptance, our business, operating results and financial condition will be adversely affected. Further, we may make changes to our solutions that our customers do not value or find useful. We may also discontinue certain features, begin to charge for certain features that are currently free or increase fees for any of our features or usage of our solutions. If our new solutions or enhancements do not achieve adequate acceptance in the market, our competitive position will be impaired, our revenue may decline or grow more slowly than expected and the negative impact on our operating results may be particularly acute, and we may not receive a return on our investment in the upfront research and development, sales and marketing and other expenses we incur in connection with new solutions or solution enhancements. If our platform and solutions do not effectively interoperate with our customers’ existing or future IT infrastructures, installations of our solutions could be delayed or cancelled, which would harm our business. Our success depends on the interoperability of our platform and solutions with third-party operating systems, applications, data and devices that we have not developed and do not control. Any changes in such operating systems, applications, data or devices that degrade the functionality of our platform or solutions or give preferential treatment to competitive software could adversely affect the adoption and usage of our platform. We may not be successful in adapting our platform or solutions to operate effectively with these applications, data or devices. If it is difficult for our customers to access and use our platform or solutions, or if our platform or solutions cannot connect a broadening range of applications, data and devices, then our customer growth and retention may be harmed, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected. Multi-cloud deployments utilize multiple third-party platforms and technologies, and these technologies are updated to new versions at a rapid pace. As a result, we deliver frequent updates to our solutions designed to maintain compatibility and support for our customers’ changing technology environments and ensure our solutions’ ability to continue to monitor the customer’s applications. If our solutions fail to work with any one or more of these technologies or applications, or if our customers fail to install the most recent updates and versions of our solutions that we offer, our solutions will be unable to continuously monitor our customer’s critical business applications. 23 Table of Contents Ensuring that our solutions are up-to-date and compatible with the technology and multi-cloud platforms utilized by our customers is critical to our success. We have formed alliances with many technology and cloud platform providers to provide updates to our solutions to maintain compatibility. We work with technology and cloud platform providers to understand and align updates to their product roadmaps and engage in early access and other programs to ensure compatibility of our solutions with the technology vendor’s generally available release. If our relations with our technology partners ceases we may be unable to deliver these updates, or if our customers fail to install the most recent updates and versions of our solutions that we offer, then our customers’ ability to benefit from our solution may decrease significantly and, in some instances, may require the customer to de-install our solution due to the incompatibility of our solution with the customer’s applications. Our future revenues and operating results will be harmed if we are unable to acquire new customers, if our customers do not renew their contracts with us, or if we are unable to expand sales to our existing customers or develop new solutions that achieve market acceptance. To continue to grow our business, it is important that we continue to attract new customers to purchase and use our solutions. Our success in attracting new customers depends on numerous factors, including our ability to: • • • • • • • offer a compelling software intelligence platform and solutions; execute our sales and marketing strategy; attract, effectively train and retain new sales, marketing, professional services and support personnel in the markets we pursue; develop or expand relationships with technology partners, systems integrators, resellers, online enterprise marketplaces and other partners; expand into new geographies and markets, including the business intelligence and data analytics market; deploy our platform and solutions for new customers; and provide quality customer support. Our customers have no obligation to renew their maintenance, SaaS and/or term-license agreements, and our customers may decide not to renew these agreements with a similar contract period, at the same prices and terms or with the same or a greater number of licenses. Although our customer retention rate has historically been strong, some of our customers have elected not to renew their agreements with us, and it is difficult to accurately predict long-term customer retention, churn and expansion rates. Our customer retention and expansion rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including our customers’ satisfaction with our solutions as they convert from our Classic products to our Dynatrace® platform, our customer support and professional services, our prices and pricing plans, the competitiveness of other software products and services, reductions in our customers’ spending levels, user adoption of our solutions, deployment success, utilization rates by our customers, new product releases and changes to our product offerings. If our customers do not renew their maintenance, SaaS and/or term-license agreements, or renew on less favorable terms, our business, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected. Our ability to increase revenue also depends in part on our ability to increase deployment of our solutions by existing customers. Our ability to increase sales to existing customers depends on several factors, including their experience with implementing and using our platform and the existing solutions they have implemented, their ability to integrate our solutions with existing technologies, and our pricing model. A failure to increase sales to existing customers could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Failure to effectively expand our sales and marketing capabilities could harm our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our applications. Our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our solutions will depend to a significant extent on the ability of our sales and marketing organizations to work together to drive our sales pipeline and cultivate customer and partner relationships to drive revenue growth. We have invested in and plan to continue expanding our sales and marketing organizations, both domestically and internationally. We also plan to dedicate significant resources to sales and marketing programs, including lead generation activities and brand awareness campaigns, such as our industry events, webinars and user events. If we are unable to hire, develop and retain talented sales personnel or marketing personnel or if our new sales personnel or marketing personnel are unable to achieve desired productivity levels in a reasonable period of time, our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our applications could be harmed. 24 Table of Contents We face significant competition, which may adversely affect our ability to add new customers, retain existing customers and grow our business. The markets in which we compete are highly competitive, fragmented, evolving, complex and defined by rapidly changing technology and customer demands, and we expect competition to continue to increase in the future. A number of companies have developed or are developing products and services that currently, or in the future may, compete with some or all of our solutions. This competition could result in increased pricing pressure, reduced profit margins, increased sales and marketing expenses and our failure to increase, or loss of, market share, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. We compete either directly or indirectly with application performance monitoring vendors such as Cisco AppDynamics, Broadcom, and New Relic, infrastructure monitoring vendors such as Datadog and Nagios, Digital Experience Management vendors such as Akamai and Catchpoint, point solutions from cloud providers such as Amazon Web Services, or AWS, Azure and Google Cloud Platform, and other business intelligence and monitoring and analytics providers that provide some portion of the services that we provide. Our competitors may have longer-term and more extensive relationships with our existing and potential customers that provide them with an advantage in competing for business with those customers. Further, to the extent that one of our competitors establishes or strengthens a cooperative relationship with, or acquires one or more software application performance monitoring, data analytics, compliance or network visibility vendors, it could adversely affect our ability to compete. We may also face competition from companies entering our market, which has a relatively low barrier to entry in some segments, including large technology companies that could expand their platforms or acquire one of our competitors. Many existing and potential competitors enjoy substantial competitive advantages, such as: • • • • • • • • • larger sales and marketing budgets and resources; access to larger customer bases which often provide incumbency advantages; broader global distribution and presence; the ability to bundle competitive offerings with other products and services; greater brand recognition and longer operating histories; lower labor and development costs; greater resources to make acquisitions; larger and more mature intellectual property portfolios; and substantially greater financial, technical, management and other resources. Additionally, in certain circumstances, and particularly among large enterprise technology companies that have complex and large software application and IT infrastructure environments, customers may elect to build in-house solutions to address their software intelligence needs. Any such in-house solutions could leverage open source software, and therefore be made generally available at little or no cost. These competitive pressures in our markets or our failure to compete effectively may result in fewer customers, price reductions, fewer orders, reduced revenue and gross profit, and loss of market share. Any failure to meet and address these factors could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. If the prices we charge for our solutions and services are unacceptable to our customers, our operating results will be harmed. As the market for our solutions matures, or as new or existing competitors introduce new products or services that compete with ours, we may experience pricing pressure and be unable to renew our agreements with existing customers or attract new customers at prices that are consistent with our current pricing model and operating budget. If this were to occur, it is possible that we would have to change our pricing model or reduce our prices, which could harm our revenue, gross margin and operating results. Pricing decisions may also impact the mix of adoption among our licensing and subscription models, and negatively impact our overall revenue. Moreover, large enterprises, which we expect will account for a large portion of our business in the future, may demand substantial price concessions. If we are, for any reason, required to reduce our prices, our revenue, gross margin, profitability, financial position and cash flow may be adversely affected. We expect our billings and revenue mix to vary over time, which could harm our gross margin and operating results. We expect our billings and revenue mix to vary over time due to a number of factors, including the mix of perpetual licenses, SaaS subscriptions, term licenses, the mix of solutions sold and the contract length of our customer agreements. Due to the differing revenue 25 Table of Contents recognition policies applicable to our term licenses, SaaS subscription, perpetual licenses and professional services, shifts in the mix between subscription, term and perpetual licenses from quarter to quarter could produce substantial variation in revenues recognized even if our billings remain consistent. Further, our gross margins and operating results could be harmed by changes in billings and revenue mix and costs, together with numerous other factors, including: entry into new lower margin markets or growth in lower margin markets; entry into markets with different pricing and cost structures; pricing discounts; and increased price competition. Any one of these factors or the cumulative effects of certain of these factors may result in significant fluctuations in our revenues, billings, gross margin and operating results. This variability and unpredictability could result in our failure to meet internal expectations or those of securities analysts or investors for a particular period. If we fail to meet or exceed such expectations for these or any other reasons, the market price of our common stock could decline. Because we recognize revenue from our SaaS subscriptions and term licenses over the subscription or license term, downturns or upturns in new sales and renewals may not be immediately reflected in our operating results and may be difficult to discern. For customers who purchase a SaaS subscription or term license, we generally recognize revenue from customers ratably over the terms of their subscriptions. A portion of the revenue we report in each quarter is derived from the recognition of revenue relating to subscriptions and term licenses entered into during previous quarters. Consequently, a decline in new or renewed subscriptions or term licenses in any single quarter may have a small impact on our revenue for that quarter. However, such a decline will negatively affect our revenue in future quarters. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in sales and market acceptance of our solutions, and potential changes in our rate of renewals, may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods. In addition, a significant majority of our costs are expensed as incurred, while revenue is recognized over the life of the agreement with our customer. As a result, increased growth in the number of our customers could continue to result in our recognition of more costs than revenue in the earlier periods of the terms of our agreements. Our revenue recognition policy and other factors may distort our financial results in any given period and make them difficult to predict. Under accounting standards update No. 2014-09 (Topic 606), Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606, we recognize revenue when our customer obtains control of goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Our subscription revenue consists of (i) SaaS agreements, (ii) term-based licenses for the Dynatrace® platform which are recognized ratably over the contract term, (iii) Dynatrace® perpetual license revenue that is recognized ratably or over the term of the expected optional maintenance renewals, which is generally three years, and (iv) maintenance and support agreements. A significant increase or decline in our subscription contracts in any one quarter may not be fully reflected in the results for that quarter, but will affect our revenue in future quarters. Our license revenue consists of Classic perpetual license fees and Classic term license fees, which are generally recognized on delivery. Because license revenue is recognized upfront, a single, large license in a given period may distort our operating results for that period. These factors make it challenging to forecast our revenue for future periods, as both the mix of solutions and services we will sell in a given period, as well as the size of contracts, is difficult to predict. Furthermore, the presentation of our financial results requires us to make estimates and assumptions that may affect revenue recognition. In some instances, we could reasonably use different estimates and assumptions, and changes in estimates are likely to occur from period to period. See the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies—Revenue Recognition” included in Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report. Given the foregoing factors, our actual results could differ significantly from our estimates, comparing our revenue and operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful, and our past results may not be indicative of our future performance. Changes in existing financial accounting standards or practices, or taxation rules or practices, may harm our operating results. Changes in existing accounting or taxation rules or practices, new accounting pronouncements or taxation rules, or varying interpretations of current accounting pronouncements or taxation practice could harm our operating results or result in changes to the manner in which we conduct our business. Further, such changes could potentially affect our reporting of transactions completed and reported before such changes are effective. United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, or GAAP, are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, the Securities and Exchange Commission and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or a change in these interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change. For example, ASC 606 is a newly adopted standard for revenue recognition in which the FASB’s Emerging Issues Task Force has taken up certain topics which may result in further guidance which we would need to consider in our related accounting policies. 26 Table of Contents If we are unable to maintain successful relationships with our partners, or if our partners fail to perform, our ability to market, sell and distribute our applications and services will be limited, and our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed. In addition to our sales force, we rely on partners, including our strategic partners to increase our sales and distribution of our software and services. We also have independent software vendor partners whose integrations may increase the breadth of the ecosystem in which our solutions can operate, and the size of the market that our solutions can address. We are dependent on these partner relationships to contribute to our sales growth. We expect that our future growth will be increasingly dependent on the success of our partner relationships, and if those partnerships do not provide such benefits, our ability to grow our business will be harmed. If we are unable to scale our partner relationships effectively, or if our partners are unable to serve our customers effectively, we may need to expand our services organization, which could adversely affect our results of operations. Our agreements with our partners are generally non-exclusive, meaning our partners may offer products from several different companies to their customers or have their products or technologies also interoperate with products and technologies of other companies, including products that compete with our offerings. Moreover, some of our partners also compete with us. If our partners do not effectively market and sell our offerings, choose to use greater efforts to market and sell their own products or those of our competitors or fail to meet the needs of our customers, our ability to grow our business and sell our offerings will be harmed. Furthermore, our partners may cease marketing our offerings with limited or no notice and with little or no penalty, and new partners could require extensive training and may take several months or more to achieve productivity. The loss of a substantial number of our partners, our possible inability to replace them or the failure to recruit additional partners could harm our results of operations. Our partner structure could also subject us to lawsuits or reputational harm if, for example, a partner misrepresents the functionality of our offerings to customers or violates applicable laws or our corporate policies. Interruptions with the delivery of our SaaS solutions, or third-party cloud-based systems that we use in our operations, may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Our continued growth depends on the ability of our customers to access our platform and solutions, particularly our cloud-based solutions, at any time and within an acceptable amount of time. In addition, our ability to access certain third-party SaaS solutions is important to our operations and the delivery of our customer support and professional services, as well as our sales operations. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, service disruptions, outages and other performance problems both in the delivery of our SaaS solutions, and in third-party SaaS solutions we use due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, malicious actors, human or software errors or capacity constraints. We utilize a multi-tenant structure, meaning that, generally, our customers are hosted on a shared platform. As such, any interruption in service would affect a significant number of our customers. In some instances, we or our third-party service providers may not be able to identify the cause or causes of these performance problems within an acceptable period of time. It may become increasingly difficult to maintain and improve the performance of our SaaS solutions as they become more complex. If our SaaS solutions are unavailable or if our customers are unable to access features of our SaaS solutions within a reasonable amount of time or at all, our business would be negatively affected. In addition, if any of the third-party SaaS solutions that we use were to experience a significant or prolonged outage or security breach, our business could be adversely affected. We currently host our Dynatrace® solutions primarily using AWS, as well as other providers of cloud infrastructure services including Microsoft Azure, Interoute and Alibaba. Our Dynatrace® solutions reside on hardware operated by these providers. Our operations depend on protecting the virtual cloud infrastructure hosted in AWS by maintaining its configuration, architecture, features and interconnection specifications, as well as the information stored in these virtual data centers and which third-party internet service providers transmit. Although we have disaster recovery plans, including the use of multiple AWS locations, any incident affecting AWS’ infrastructure that may be caused by fire, flood, severe storm, earthquake or other natural disasters, cyber-attacks, terrorist or other attacks, and other similar events beyond our control could negatively affect our platform and our ability to deliver our solutions to our customers. A prolonged AWS service disruption affecting our SaaS platform for any of the foregoing reasons would negatively impact our ability to serve our customers and could damage our reputation with current and potential customers, expose us to liability, cause us to lose customers or otherwise harm our business. We may also incur significant costs for using alternative equipment or taking other actions in preparation for, or in reaction to, events that damage the AWS services we use. AWS has the right to terminate our agreement upon material uncured breach on 30 days’ prior written notice. In the event that our AWS service agreements are terminated, or there is a lapse of service, we would experience interruptions in access to our platform as well as significant delays and additional expense in arranging new facilities and services and/or re-architecting our solutions for deployment on a different cloud infrastructure, which would adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. 27 Table of Contents Real or perceived errors, failures, defects or vulnerabilities in our solutions could adversely affect our financial results and growth prospects. Our solutions and underlying platform are complex, and in the past, we or our customers have discovered software errors, failures, defects and vulnerabilities in our solutions after they have been released, including after new versions or updates are released. Our solutions and our platform are often deployed and used in large-scale computing environments with different operating systems, system management software and equipment and networking configurations, which have in the past, and may in the future, cause errors in, or failures of, our solutions or other aspects of the computing environment into which they are deployed. In addition, deployment of our solutions into complicated, large-scale computing environments have in the past exposed, and may, in the future, expose undetected errors, failures, defects or vulnerabilities in our solutions. Despite testing by us, errors, failures, defects or vulnerabilities may not be found in our solutions until they are released to our customers or thereafter. Real or perceived errors, failures, defects or vulnerabilities in our solutions could result in, among other things, negative publicity and damage to our reputation, lower renewal rates, loss of or delay in market acceptance of our solutions, loss of competitive position or claims by customers for losses sustained by them or expose us to breach of contract claims, regulatory fines and related liabilities. If vulnerabilities in our solutions are exploited by third parties, our customers could experience damages or losses for which our customers seek to hold us accountable. In the case of real or perceived errors, failures, defects or vulnerabilities in our solutions giving rise to claims by customers, we may be required, or may choose, for regulatory, contractual, customer relations or other reasons, to expend additional resources in order to help correct the problem. Security breaches, computer malware, computer hacking attacks and other security incidents could harm our business, reputation, brand and operating results. Security incidents have become more prevalent across industries and may occur on our systems, or on the systems of third parties we use to host our solutions or SaaS solutions that we use in the operation of our business. These security incidents may be caused by or result in but are not limited to security breaches, computer malware or malicious software, ransomware, computer hacking, denial of service attacks, security system control failures in our own systems or from vendors we use, email phishing, software vulnerabilities, social engineering, sabotage, drive-by downloads and the malfeasance of our own employees. In particular, because we utilize a multi-tenant platform, any security breach would potentially affect a significant amount of our customers. Such security incidents, whether intentional or otherwise, may result from actions of hackers, criminals, nation states, vendors, employees, contractors, customers or other threat actors. We have experienced two email phishing attacks that resulted in the compromise of a limited number of email accounts. Although we have taken a number of measures to prevent future phishing attacks, we cannot be certain that our efforts will be effective. We have experienced and may in the future experience disruptions, outages and other performance problems on our internal systems due to service attacks, unauthorized access or other security related incidents. Any security breach or loss of system control caused by hacking, which involves efforts to gain unauthorized access to information or systems, or to cause intentional malfunctions or loss, modification or corruption of data, software, hardware or other computer equipment and the inadvertent transmission of computer malware could harm our business, operating results and financial condition, and expose us to claims arising from loss or unauthorized disclosure of confidential or personal information and the related breach of our contracts with customers or others, or of privacy or data security laws. If an actual or perceived security incident occurs, the market perception of the effectiveness of our security controls could be harmed, our brand and reputation could be damaged, we could lose customers, and we could suffer financial exposure due to such events or in connection with remediation efforts, investigation costs, regulatory fines, private lawsuits and changed security control, system architecture and system protection measures. We may in the future experience disruptions, outages and other performance problems on the systems that we host for our customers due to service attacks, unauthorized access or other security related incidents. Any security breach or loss of system control caused by hacking, which involves efforts to gain unauthorized access to information or systems, or to cause intentional malfunctions or loss, modification or corruption of data, software, hardware or other computer equipment and the inadvertent transmission of computer malware could disrupt the services that we provide to our customers, harm our customers’ business, operating results and financial condition, and expose us to claims from our customers for the damages that result, which could include, without limitation, claims arising from loss or unauthorized access, acquisition or disclosure of personal information and the related breach of privacy or data security laws. If an actual or perceived security incident occurs, the market perception of the effectiveness of our security controls could be harmed, our brand and reputation could be damaged, we could lose customers, and we could suffer financial exposure due to such events or in connection with remediation efforts, investigation costs, regulatory fines, private lawsuits and changed security control, system architecture and system protection measures. We believe that our brand is integral to our future success and if we fail to cost-effectively promote or protect our brand, our business and competitive position may be harmed. We believe that maintaining and enhancing our brand and increasing market awareness of our company and our solutions are critical to achieving broad market acceptance of our existing and future solutions and are important elements in attracting and retaining customers, partners and employees, particularly as we continue to expand internationally. In addition, independent industry analysts, such as Gartner and Forrester, often provide reviews of our solutions, as well as those of our competitors, and perception of our solutions in the marketplace 28 Table of Contents may be significantly influenced by these reviews. We have no control over what these or other industry analysts report, and because industry analysts may influence current and potential customers, our brand could be harmed if they do not provide a positive review of our solutions or view us as a market leader. The successful promotion of our brand and the market’s awareness of our solutions and platform will depend largely upon our ability to continue to offer enterprise-grade software intelligence solutions, our ability to be thought leaders in application intelligence, our marketing efforts and our ability to successfully differentiate our solutions from those of our competitors. We have invested, and expect to continue to invest, substantial resources to promote and maintain our brand and generate sales leads, both domestically and internationally, but there is no guarantee that our brand development strategies will enhance the recognition of our brand or lead to increased sales. If our efforts to promote and maintain our brand are not cost-effective or successful, our operating results and our ability to attract and retain customers, partners and employees may be adversely affected. In addition, even if our brand recognition and customer loyalty increases, this may not result in increased sales of our solutions or higher revenue. Our sales cycles can be long, unpredictable and vary seasonally, which can cause significant variation in the number and size of transactions that close in a particular quarter. Our results of operations may fluctuate, in part, because of the resource-intensive nature of our sales efforts, the length and variability of the sales cycle for our platform and the difficulty in making short-term adjustments to our operating expenses. Many of our customers are large enterprises, whose purchasing decisions, budget cycles and constraints and evaluation processes are unpredictable and out of our control. Further, the timing of our sales is difficult to predict. The length of our sales cycle, from initial evaluation to payment for our subscriptions can range from several months to over a year and can vary substantially from customer to customer. Our sales efforts involve significant investment in resources in field sales, partner development, marketing and educating our customers about the use, technical capabilities and benefits of our platform and services. Customers often undertake a prolonged evaluation process, which frequently involves not only our platform but also those of other companies or the consideration of internally developed alternatives including those using open-source software. Some of our customers initially deploy our platform on a limited basis, with no guarantee that these customers will deploy our platform widely enough across their organization to justify our substantial pre-sales investment. As a result, it is difficult to predict exactly when, or even if, we will make a sale to a potential customer or if we can increase sales to our existing customers. Large individual sales have, in some cases, occurred in quarters subsequent to those we anticipated, or have not occurred at all. If our sales cycle lengthens or our substantial upfront investments do not result in sufficient revenue to justify our investments, our operating results could be adversely affected. We have experienced seasonal and end-of-quarter concentration of our transactions and variations in the number and size of transactions that close in a particular quarter, which impacts our ability to grow revenue over the long term and plan and manage cash flows and other aspects of our business and cost structure. Our transactions vary by quarter, with the third fiscal quarter typically being our largest. In addition, within each quarter, a significant portion of our transactions occur in the last two weeks of that quarter. If expectations for our business turn out to be inaccurate, our revenue growth may be adversely affected over time and we may not be able to adjust our cost structure on a timely basis and our cash flows may suffer. Any failure to offer high-quality customer support and professional services may adversely affect our relationships with our customers and our financial results. We typically bundle customer support with arrangements for our solutions, and offer professional services for implementation and training. In deploying and using our platform and solutions, our customers require the assistance of our services teams to resolve complex technical and operational issues. Increased customer demand for support, without corresponding revenue, could increase costs and adversely affect our operating results. We may also be unable to respond quickly enough to accommodate short-term increases in customer demand for support. If we fail to meet our service level commitments, which relate to uptime, response times and escalation procedures, and time to problem resolution, or if we suffer extended periods of unavailability for our solutions, we may be contractually obligated to provide these customers with service credits or penalties, refunds for prepaid amounts related to unused subscription services, or we could face contract terminations. Our sales are highly dependent on our reputation and on positive recommendations from our existing customers. Any failure to maintain high-quality customer support, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality product support, could adversely affect our reputation, and our ability to sell our solutions to existing and new customers. Our ability to succeed depends on the experience and expertise of our senior management team. If we are unable to retain and motivate our personnel, our business, operating results and prospects may be harmed. Our ability to succeed depends in significant part on the experience and expertise of our senior management team. The members of our senior management team are employed on an at-will basis, which means that they are not contractually obligated to remain employed with us and could terminate their employment with us at any time. Accordingly, and in spite of our efforts to retain our senior management team, any member of our senior management team could terminate his or her employment with us at any time and go to work for one of our competitors, after the expiration of any applicable non-compete period. The loss of one or more members of our senior management team, particularly if closely grouped, could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and thus, our business, operating 29 Table of Contents results and prospects. We do not maintain key man insurance on any of our officers, and we may not be able to find adequate replacements. If we fail to develop effective succession plans for our senior management team, and to identify, recruit and integrate strategic hires, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected. We rely on highly skilled personnel and, if we are unable to attract, retain or motivate substantial numbers of qualified personnel or expand and train our sales force, we may not be able to grow effectively. Our success largely depends on the talents and efforts of key technical, sales and marketing employees and our future success depends on our continuing ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate and retain highly skilled personnel for all areas of our organization. Competition in our industry is intense and often leads to increased compensation and other personnel costs. In addition, competition for employees with experience in our industry can be intense, particularly in Europe, where our research and development operations are concentrated and where other technology companies compete for management and engineering talent. Our continued ability to compete and grow effectively depends on our ability to attract substantial numbers of qualified new employees and to retain and motivate our existing employees. We believe that our corporate culture has contributed to our success, and if we cannot successfully maintain our culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, creativity and teamwork fostered by our culture. We believe that a critical component to our success has been our corporate culture. We believe our culture has contributed significantly to our ability to innovate and develop new technologies. We have spent substantial time and resources in building our team while maintaining this corporate culture. We have experienced rapid growth in our employee headcount and international presence. The rapid influx of large numbers of people from different business backgrounds in different geographic locations may make it difficult for us to maintain our corporate culture of innovation. If our culture is negatively affected, our ability to support our growth and innovation may diminish. We are subject to a number of risks associated with global sales and operations. Revenue from customers located outside of the United States represented 45%, 46%, and 46% of our total revenue for the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As a result, our sales and operations are subject to a number of risks and additional costs, including the following: • • • • • • • • • • increased expenses associated with international sales and operations, including establishing and maintaining office space and equipment for our international operations; fluctuations in exchange rates between currencies in the markets where we do business; risks associated with trade restrictions and additional legal requirements, including the exportation of our technology or source code that is required in some of the countries in which we operate; greater risk of unexpected changes in regulatory rules, regulations and practices, tariffs and tax laws and treaties; compliance with United States and foreign import and export control and economic sanctions laws and regulations, including the Export Administration Regulations administered by the United States Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security and the executive orders and laws implemented by the United States Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Controls; compliance with anti-bribery laws, including the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and the U.K. Anti-Bribery Act; compliance with privacy, data protection and data security laws of many countries, including the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, which became effective in May 2018, and the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, which became effective on January 1, 2020; heightened risk of unfair or corrupt business practices in certain geographies, and of improper or fraudulent sales arrangements that may impact financial results and result in restatements of, or irregularities in, financial statements; limited or uncertain protection of intellectual property rights in some countries and the risks and costs associated with monitoring and enforcing intellectual property rights abroad; greater difficulty in enforcing contracts and managing collections in certain jurisdictions, as well as longer collection periods; • management communication and integration problems resulting from cultural and geographic dispersion; 30 Table of Contents • • social, economic and political instability, epidemics and pandemics, terrorist attacks and security concerns in general; and potentially adverse tax consequences. These and other factors could harm our ability to generate future global revenue and, consequently, materially impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. Economic conditions and regulatory changes following the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. The United Kingdom, or U.K., formally left the European Union, or the EU, on January 31, 2020, typically referred to as “Brexit.” Pursuant to the formal withdrawal arrangements agreed between the U.K. and EU, the U.K. will be subject to a transition period until December 31, 2020 during which EU rules will continue to apply. Negotiations between the U.K. and EU are expected to continue in relation to the customs and trading relationship between the U.K. and EU following the expiration of the transition period. The uncertainty concerning the U.K.’s legal, political and economic relationship with the EU after the transition period may be a source of instability in international markets, create significant currency fluctuations and otherwise adversely affect trading agreements or similar cross-border cooperation arrangements, whether economic, tax, fiscal, legal, regulatory or otherwise. While the full effects of Brexit will not be known for some time, Brexit could cause disruptions to, and create uncertainty surrounding, our business and results of operations. For example, following the transition period, the U.K. could lose the benefits of global trade agreements negotiated by the EU on behalf of its members, which may result in increased trade barriers that could make our doing business in the EU and the European Economic Area more difficult. Ongoing global market volatility and a deterioration in economic conditions due to uncertainty surrounding the future relationship between the U.K. and EU could significantly disrupt the markets in which we operate and lead our customers to closely monitor their costs and delay capital spending decisions. Additionally, Brexit has resulted in the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies in which we conduct business. Although this strengthening has been somewhat ameliorated by the implementation of the transition period, because we translate revenue denominated in foreign currency into U.S. dollars for our financial statements, during periods of a strengthening U.S. dollar, our reported revenue from foreign operations is reduced. As a result of Brexit and the continued negotiations between the U.K. and EU, there may be further periods of volatility in the currencies in which we conduct business. The effects of Brexit will depend on any agreements the U.K. makes to retain access to EU markets following the transition period. The measures could potentially disrupt the markets we serve and may cause us to lose customers and employees. In addition, Brexit could lead to legal uncertainty and potentially divergent national laws and regulations as the U.K. determines which EU laws to replace or replicate, which could present new regulatory costs and challenges. Any of these effects of Brexit could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We may face exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. We have transacted in foreign currencies and expect to transact in foreign currencies in the future. In addition, our international subsidiaries maintain assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the functional operating currencies of these entities. Accordingly, changes in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar will affect our revenue and operating results due to transactional and translational remeasurement that is reflected in our earnings. As a result of such foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, it could be more difficult to detect underlying trends in our business and results of operations. In addition, to the extent that fluctuations in currency exchange rates cause our results of operations to differ from our expectations or the expectations of our investors, the trading price of our common stock could be adversely affected. We do not currently maintain a program to hedge transactional exposures in foreign currencies. However, in the future, we may use derivative instruments, such as foreign currency forward and option contracts, to hedge certain exposures to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The use of such hedging activities may not offset any or more than a portion of the adverse financial effects of unfavorable movements in foreign exchange rates over the limited time the hedges are in place. Moreover, the use of hedging instruments may introduce additional risks if we are unable to structure effective hedges with such instruments. Assertions by third parties of infringement or other violations by us of their intellectual property rights, or other lawsuits brought against us, could result in significant costs and substantially harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Patent and other intellectual property disputes are common in the markets in which we compete. Some companies in the markets in which we compete, including some of our competitors, own large numbers of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets, which they may use to assert claims of infringement, misappropriation or other violations of intellectual property rights against us, our partners, our technology partners or our customers. As the number of patents and competitors in our market increase, allegations of infringement, misappropriation and other violations of intellectual property rights may also increase. Our broad solution portfolio and the competition in our markets further exacerbate the risk of additional third-party intellectual property claims against us in the future. Any allegation of infringement, misappropriation or other violation of intellectual property rights by a third party, even those without merit, could cause 31 Table of Contents us to incur substantial costs and resources defending against the claim, could distract our management from our business, and could cause uncertainty among our customers or prospective customers, all of which could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. We cannot assure you that we are not infringing or otherwise violating any third-party intellectual property rights. Furthermore, companies that bring allegations against us may have the capability to dedicate substantially greater resources to enforce their intellectual property rights and to defend against similar allegations that may be brought against them than we do. We have received, and may in the future receive, notices alleging that we have misappropriated, misused or infringed other parties’ intellectual property rights, including allegations made by our competitors, and, to the extent we gain greater market visibility, we face a higher risk of being the subject of intellectual property infringement assertions. There also is a market for acquiring third-party intellectual property rights and a competitor, or other entity, could acquire third-party intellectual property rights and pursue similar assertions based on the acquired intellectual property. They may also make such assertions against our customers or partners. An adverse outcome of a dispute may require us to take several adverse steps such as: pay substantial damages, including potentially treble damages, if we are found to have willfully infringed a third party’s patents or copyrights; cease making, using, selling, licensing, importing or otherwise commercializing solutions that are alleged to infringe or misappropriate the intellectual property of others; expend additional development resources to attempt to redesign our solutions or otherwise to develop non-infringing technology, which may not be successful; enter into potentially unfavorable royalty or license agreements in order to obtain the right to use necessary technologies or intellectual property rights or have royalty obligations imposed by a court; or indemnify our customers, partners and other third parties. Any damages or royalty obligations we may become subject to, any prohibition against our commercializing our solutions as a result of an adverse outcome could harm our business and operating results. Additionally, our agreements with customers and partners include indemnification provisions, under which we agree to indemnify them for losses suffered or incurred as a result of allegations of intellectual property infringement and, in some cases, for damages caused by us to property or persons or other third-party allegations. Furthermore, we have agreed in certain instances to defend our partners against third-party claims asserting infringement of certain intellectual property rights, which may include patents, copyrights, trademarks or trade secrets, and to pay judgments entered on such assertions. Large indemnity payments could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Failure to protect and enforce our proprietary technology and intellectual property rights could substantially harm our business, operating results and financial condition. The success of our business depends on our ability to protect and enforce our proprietary rights, including our patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights, throughout the world. We attempt to protect our intellectual property under patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, and through a combination of confidentiality procedures, contractual provisions and other methods, all of which offer only limited protection. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property may be inadequate. We will not be able to protect our intellectual property if we are unable to enforce our rights or if we do not detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy our technology and use information that we regard as proprietary to create products and services that compete with ours. In the past, we have been made aware of public postings of portions of our source code. It is possible that released source code could reveal some of our trade secrets, and impact our competitive advantage. Some license provisions protecting against unauthorized use, copying, transfer, reverse engineering, and disclosure of our technology may be unenforceable under the laws of certain jurisdictions and foreign countries. Further, the laws of some countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. In expanding our international activities, our exposure to unauthorized copying and use of our technology and proprietary information may increase. As of March 31, 2020, we had 67 issued patents, 61 of which are in the United States, and 25 pending applications, of which 20 are in the United States. Our issued patents expire at various dates through February 2038. The process of obtaining patent protection is expensive and time-consuming, and we may not be able to prosecute all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner. We may choose not to seek patent protection for certain innovations and may choose not to pursue patent protection in certain jurisdictions. Furthermore, it is possible that our patent applications may not result in issued patents, that the scope of the claims in our issued patents will be insufficient or not have the coverage originally sought, that our issued patents will not provide us with any competitive advantages, and that our issued patents and other intellectual property rights may be challenged by others or invalidated through administrative process or litigation. In addition, issuance of a patent does not guarantee that we have an absolute right to practice our patented technology, or that we have the right to exclude others from practicing our patented technology. As a result, we may not be able to obtain adequate patent protection or to enforce our issued patents effectively. In addition to patented technology, we rely on our unpatented proprietary technology and trade secrets. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary technology and trade secrets, unauthorized parties may attempt to misappropriate, reverse engineer or otherwise obtain and use them. The contractual provisions that we enter into with employees, consultants, partners, vendors and customers may not prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of our proprietary technology or trade secrets and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our proprietary technology or trade secrets. 32 Table of Contents Moreover, policing unauthorized use of our technologies, solutions and intellectual property is difficult, expensive and time-consuming, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not be as protective of intellectual property rights as those in the United States and where mechanisms for enforcement of intellectual property rights may be weak. We may be unable to determine the extent of any unauthorized use or infringement of our solutions, technologies or intellectual property rights. From time to time, legal action by us may be necessary to enforce our patents and other intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the intellectual property rights of others or to defend against allegations of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could negatively affect our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, our business, operating results and financial condition will be harmed. Our use of open source technology could impose limitations on our ability to commercialize our solutions and platform and application intelligence software platform. We use open source software in our solutions and platform and expect to continue to use open source software in the future. Although we monitor our use of open source software to avoid subjecting our solutions and platform to conditions we do not intend, we may face allegations from others alleging ownership of, or seeking to enforce the terms of, an open source license, including by demanding release of the open source software, derivative works, or our proprietary source code that was developed using such software. These allegations could also result in litigation. The terms of many open source licenses have not been interpreted by U.S. courts. As a result, there is a risk that these licenses could be construed in a way that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our solutions. In such an event, we could be required to seek licenses from third parties to continue offering our solutions, to make our proprietary code generally available in source code form, to re-engineer our solutions or to discontinue the sale of our solutions if re-engineering could not be accomplished on a timely basis, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Our participation in open source initiatives may limit our ability to enforce our intellectual property rights in certain circumstances. As part of our strategy to broaden our target markets and accelerate adoption of our products, we contribute software program code to certain open source projects, managed by organizations such as Microsoft, Google and Cloud Native Computing Foundation. We also undertake our own open source initiatives to promote “open innovation” and “enterprise openness,” meaning that we make technologies available under open source licenses with the goal of exchanging insights and experience with other experts in the community, broadening the adoption of our platform by our customers, and providing our partners with the ability to leverage their own technologies through the Dynatrace® platform. In some cases, we accept contributions of code from the community, our customers and partners. When we contribute to a third-party managed open source project, the copyrights, patent rights and other proprietary rights in and to the technologies, including software program code, owned by us that we contribute to these projects are licensed to the project managers and to all other contributing parties without restriction on further use or distribution. If and to the extent that any of the technologies that we contribute, either alone or in combination with the technologies that may be contributed by others, practice any inventions that are claimed under our patents or patent applications, then we may be unable to enforce those claims or prevent others from practicing those inventions, regardless of whether such other persons also contributed to the open source project (even if we were to conclude that their use infringes our patents with competing offerings), unless any such third party asserts its patent rights against us. This limitation on our ability to assert our patent rights against others could harm our business and ability to compete. In addition, if we were to attempt to enforce our patent rights, we could suffer reputational injury among our customers and the open source community. Our sales to government entities are subject to a number of challenges and risks. We sell our solutions to U.S. federal and state and foreign governmental agency customers, often through our resellers, and we may increase sales to government entities in the future. Sales to government entities are subject to a number of challenges and risks. Selling to government entities can be highly competitive, expensive and time consuming, often requiring significant upfront time and expense without any assurance that these efforts will generate a sale. Contracts and subcontracts with government agency customers are subject to procurement laws and regulations relating to the award, administration, and performance of those contracts. Government demand and payment for our solutions are affected by public sector budgetary cycles and funding authorizations, with funding reductions or delays adversely affecting public sector demand for our solutions. We may be subject to audit or investigations relating to our sales to government entities, and any violations could result in various civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, refunds of fees received, forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, fines, and suspension or debarment from future government business. Government entities may have statutory, contractual or other legal rights to terminate contracts with our distributors and resellers for convenience or due to a default. Any of these risks relating to our sales to governmental entities could adversely impact our future sales and operating results. 33 Table of Contents We may acquire other businesses, products or technologies in the future which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value and adversely affect our results of operations. As part of our business growth strategy and in order to remain competitive, we may acquire, or make investments in, complementary companies, products or technologies. For example, in 2017 we acquired Qumram AG, a provider of session replay technology that captures end users’ digital experiences across browsers, interfaces and devices. We may not be able to find suitable acquisition targets in the future, and we may not be able to complete such acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. If we do complete acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve our goals, and any acquisitions we complete could be viewed negatively by our customers, securities analysts and investors. In addition, if we are unsuccessful at integrating such acquisitions or the technologies associated with such acquisitions, our revenue and results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, while we will make significant efforts to address any information technology security and privacy compliance issues with respect to any acquisitions, we may still inherit such risks when we integrate the acquired products and systems as well as any personal information that we acquire. Any integration process may require significant time and resources, and we may not be able to manage the process successfully. We may not successfully evaluate or utilize the acquired technology or personnel, or accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquired business, including accounting charges. We may have to pay cash, incur debt or issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisitions, each of which could adversely affect our financial condition or the value of our common stock. The sale of equity or issuance of debt to finance any such acquisitions could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could also include covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations. Our business is subject to a wide range of laws and regulations and our failure to comply with those laws and regulations could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Our business is subject to regulation by various federal, state, local and foreign governmental agencies, including agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing employment and labor laws, workplace safety, product safety, environmental laws, consumer protection laws, privacy and data protection laws, anti- bribery laws, import and export controls, federal securities laws and tax laws and regulations. In certain foreign jurisdictions, these regulatory requirements may be more stringent than those in the United States. These laws and regulations are subject to change over time and we must continue to monitor and dedicate resources to ensure continued compliance. Non-compliance with applicable regulations or requirements could subject us to litigation, investigations, sanctions, mandatory product recalls, enforcement actions, disgorgement of profits, fines, damages, civil and criminal penalties or injunctions. If any governmental sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and an increase in professional fees. Enforcement actions and sanctions could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Any actual or perceived failure by us to comply with our privacy policy or legal or regulatory requirements in one or multiple jurisdictions could result in proceedings, actions or penalties against us. We are subject to federal, state, and international laws, regulations and standards relating to the collection, use, disclosure, retention, security, transfer and other processing of personal data. The legal and regulatory framework for privacy, data protection and security issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and as a result implementation standards, potential fines, enforcement practices and litigation risks are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Internationally, virtually every jurisdiction in which we operate has established its own privacy, data protection and/or data security legal framework with which we or our customers must comply, including but not limited to the EU. In the European Union, data protection laws are stringent and continue to evolve, resulting in possible significant operational costs for internal compliance and risk to our business. In addition, the EU has adopted the GDPR, which became effective and enforceable across all then-current member states of the EU on May 25, 2018 and contains numerous requirements and changes from prior EU law, including more robust obligations on data processors and heavier documentation requirements for data protection compliance programs by companies. Specifically, the GDPR introduced numerous privacy-related changes for companies operating in the EU, including heightened notice and consent requirements, greater control for data subjects (e.g., the “right to be forgotten”), increased data portability for EU consumers, additional data breach notification and data security requirements, requirements for engaging third-party processors, and increased fines. In particular, under the GDPR, fines of up to 20 million euros or up to 4% of the annual global revenue of the noncompliant company, whichever is greater, could be imposed for violations of certain of the GDPR’s requirements. The GDPR also confers a private right of action on data subjects and consumer associations to lodge complaints with supervisory authorities, seek judicial remedies and obtain compensation for damages. The GDPR applies to any company established in the European Union as well as any company outside the European Union that processes personal data in connection with the offering of goods or services to individuals in the European Union or the monitoring of their behavior. Moreover, the GDPR requirements apply not only to third-party transactions, but also to transfers of information between us and our subsidiaries, including employee information. Following the U.K.’s withdrawal from the EU on January 31, 2020, pursuant to the transitional arrangements agreed between the U.K. and EU, the GDPR will continue to have effect in U.K. law until December 31, 2020 in the same fashion as was the case prior to such withdrawal as if the U.K. remained a member state of the EU for such purposes. Following 34 Table of Contents December 31, 2020, it is likely that the data protection obligations of the GDPR will continue to apply to U.K.-based organizations’ processing of personal data in substantially unvaried form and fashion for at least the short term thereafter. In addition to the GDPR, the European Union also is considering another draft data protection regulation. The proposed regulation, known as the Regulation on Privacy and Electronic Communications, or ePrivacy Regulation, would replace the current ePrivacy Directive. Originally planned to be adopted and implemented at the same time as the GDPR, the ePrivacy Regulation has been delayed but could be enacted sometime in the relatively near future. While the new regulation contains protections for those using communications services (for example, protections against online tracking technologies), the potential timing of its enactment significantly later than the GDPR means that additional time and effort may need to be spent addressing differences between the ePrivacy Regulation and the GDPR. New rules related to the ePrivacy Regulation are likely to include enhanced consent requirements in order to use communications content and communications metadata, as well as obligations and restrictions on the processing of data from an end-user’s terminal equipment, which may negatively impact our product offerings and our relationships with our customers. Preparing for and complying with the GDPR and the ePrivacy Regulation (if and when it becomes effective) has required and will continue to require us to incur substantial operational costs and may require us to change our business practices. Despite our efforts to bring practices into compliance with the GDPR and before the effective date of the ePrivacy Regulation, we may not be successful either due to internal or external factors such as resource allocation limitations. Non- compliance could result in proceedings against us by governmental entities, customers, data subjects, consumer associations or others. We are not a participant in the EU-U.S. or the Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield Frameworks administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce. We are in the process of submitting our binding corporate rules for approval by Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés, the France data protection agency, as our lead regulator in Europe, but there is no assurance as to when this process will be complete, that it will be successfully completed or that the laws may not require additional compliance steps to be taken in the future. In the United States, California enacted the CCPA, on June 28, 2018, which became effective on January 1, 2020. The CCPA gives California residents expanded rights to access and delete their personal information, opt out of certain personal information sharing and receive detailed information about how their personal information is used. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that is expected to increase data breach litigation. The CCPA may increase our compliance costs and potential liability. Some observers have noted that the CCPA could mark the beginning of a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the U.S., which could increase our potential liability and adversely affect our business. Privacy and data security concerns, whether valid or not valid, may inhibit market adoption of our products, particularly in certain industries and foreign countries. If we are not able to adjust to changing laws, regulations, and standards related to the Internet, our business may be harmed. We are subject to governmental export, import and sanctions controls that could impair our ability to compete in international markets due to licensing requirements and subject us to liability if we are not in compliance with applicable laws. Our solutions are subject to export control and economic sanctions laws and regulations, including the U.S. Export Administration Regulations administered by the U.S. Commerce Department’s Bureau of Industry and Security and the economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Controls. Exports, re-exports and transfers of our software and services must be made in compliance with these laws and regulations. Obtaining the necessary authorizations, including any required license, for a particular sale may be time-consuming, is not guaranteed and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. Changes in the encryption or other technology incorporated into our solutions or in applicable export or import laws and regulations may delay the introduction and sale of our solutions in international markets, prevent customers from deploying our solutions or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our solutions to certain countries, regions, governments or persons altogether. Changes in sanctions, export or import laws and regulations, in the enforcement or scope of existing laws and regulations, or in the countries, regions, governments, persons or technologies targeted by such laws and regulations, could also result in decreased use of our solutions or in our ability to sell our solutions in certain countries. Even though we take precautions to prevent our solutions from being provided to restricted countries or persons, our solutions could be provided to those targets by our resellers or customers despite such precautions. The decreased use of our solutions or limitation on our ability to export or sell our solutions could adversely affect our business, while violations of these export and import control and economic sanctions laws and regulations could have negative consequences for us and our personnel, including government investigations, administrative fines, civil and criminal penalties, denial of export privileges, incarceration, and reputational harm. Due to the global nature of our business, we could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act or similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions in which we operate. The global nature of our business creates various domestic and local regulatory challenges. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit U.S.-based companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business to non-U.S. officials, or in the case of the U.K. Bribery Act, to any person. In addition, U.S.-based companies are required to maintain records that accurately and fairly represent their transactions 35 Table of Contents and have an adequate system of internal accounting controls. We operate in areas that experience corruption by government officials and, in certain circumstances, compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. Changes in applicable laws could result in increased regulatory requirements and compliance costs that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. Although we take steps to ensure compliance, we cannot guarantee that our employees, resellers, agents, or other intermediaries will not engage in prohibited conduct that could render us responsible under the FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act, or other similar laws or regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate. If we are found to be in violation of these anti-bribery laws (either due to acts or inadvertence of our employees, or due to the acts or inadvertence of others), we could suffer criminal or civil penalties or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Our international operations subject us to potentially adverse tax consequences. As a multinational corporation, we are subject to income taxes as well as non-income based taxes, such as payroll, sales, use, value-added, net worth, property and goods and services taxes, in both the United States and various foreign jurisdictions. Our domestic and international tax liabilities are subject to the allocation of revenues and expenses in different jurisdictions and the timing of recognizing revenues and expenses. Additionally, the amount of income taxes paid is subject to our interpretation of applicable tax laws in the jurisdictions in which we file and changes to tax laws. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes and other tax liabilities, and in determining the realizability of tax attributes such as foreign tax credits and other domestic deferred tax assets. From time to time, we are subject to income and non-income tax audits. While we believe we have complied with all applicable income tax laws, there can be no assurance that a governing tax authority will not have a different interpretation of the law and assess us with additional taxes. Should we be assessed with additional taxes, there could be a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Our future effective tax rate may be affected by such factors as changes in tax laws, regulations or rates, changing interpretation of existing laws or regulations, the impact of accounting for stock-based compensation, the impact of accounting for business combinations, changes in our international organization, and changes in overall levels of income before tax. In addition, in the ordinary course of our global business, there are many intercompany transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Although we believe that our tax estimates are reasonable, we cannot ensure that the final determination of tax audits or tax disputes will not be different from what is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. Taxing authorities may successfully assert that we should have collected or in the future should collect sales and use, value added or similar taxes, and we could be subject to liability with respect to past or future sales, which could adversely affect our results of operations. We do not collect sales and use, value added and similar taxes in all jurisdictions in which we have sales, based on our belief that such taxes are not applicable. Sales and use, value added and similar tax laws and rates vary greatly by jurisdiction. Certain jurisdictions in which we do not collect such taxes may assert that such taxes are applicable, which could result in tax assessments, penalties and interest, and we may be required to collect such taxes in the future. Such tax assessments, penalties and interest or future requirements may adversely affect our results of operations. Risks Related to Our Common Stock The trading price of our common stock has been, and may continue to be, volatile and you could lose all or part of your investment. Our initial public offering occurred in August 2019, and we have effected follow-on public offerings in December 2019 and February 2020. There has only been a public market for our common stock for a short period of time. Although our common stock is listed on the NYSE, an active trading market for our common stock may not develop or, if developed, be sustained. Technology stocks have historically experienced high levels of volatility. The trading price of our common stock has fluctuated substantially. Since shares of our common stock were sold in our initial public offering in August 2019 at a price of $16.00 per share, our stock price has fluctuated significantly, ranging from an intraday low of $17.05 to an intraday high of $37.07 through May 1, 2020. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the trading price of our common stock include the following: • • • • announcements of new products or technologies, commercial relationships, acquisitions or other events by us or our competitors; changes in how customers perceive the benefits of our platform; shifts in the mix of billings and revenue attributable to perpetual licenses, term licenses and SaaS subscriptions from quarter to quarter; departures of key personnel; 36 Table of Contents • • • • • • • • • price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time; fluctuations in the trading volume of our shares or the size of our public float; sales of large blocks of our common stock, including by the Thoma Bravo Funds; actual or anticipated changes or fluctuations in our operating results; whether our operating results meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors; changes in actual or future expectations of investors or securities analysts; litigation involving us, our industry or both; regulatory developments in the United States, foreign countries or both; general economic conditions and trends; and • major catastrophic events in our domestic and foreign markets. In addition, if the market for technology stocks or the stock market in general experiences a loss of investor confidence, the trading price of our common stock could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, operating results or financial condition. The trading price of our common stock might also decline in reaction to events that affect other companies in our industry even if these events do not directly affect us. In the past, following periods of volatility in the trading price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company. If securities analysts were to downgrade our stock, publish negative research or reports or fail to publish reports about our business, our competitive position could suffer, and our stock price and trading volume could decline. The trading market for our common stock, to some extent, depends on the research and reports that securities analysts may publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us should downgrade our stock or publish negative research or reports, cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports about our business, our competitive position could suffer, and our stock price and trading volume could decline. The requirements of being a public company, including compliance with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the NYSE, may strain our resources, increase our costs and distract management, and we may be unable to comply with these requirements in a timely or cost-effective manner. As a public company, we are subject to laws, regulations and requirements with which we were not required to comply as a private company, including compliance with reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the NYSE. As a newly public company, complying with these statutes, regulations and requirements occupies a significant amount of time of our board of directors and management and has significantly increased our costs and expenses as compared to when we were a private company. For example, as a newly public company, we have had to institute a more comprehensive compliance function, establish new internal policies, such as those relating to insider trading, and involve and retain to a greater degree outside counsel and accountants. Furthermore, while we generally must comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for our fiscal year ending March 31, 2021, we are not required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until our first annual report subsequent to our ceasing to be an emerging growth company. Accordingly, we may not be required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until as late as our annual report for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2024. Once it is required to do so, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our internal control over financial reporting are documented, designed, operated or reviewed. Compliance with these requirements may strain our resources, increase our costs and distract management, and we may be unable to comply with these requirements in a timely or cost-effective manner. We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and may identify additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, which may result in material misstatements of our financial statements or cause us to fail to meet our periodic reporting obligations. As a public company, we are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal control. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, requires that we evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to audit the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until after we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” 37 Table of Contents In connection with the audit of our financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. This material weakness is related to accounting for income taxes in connection with the preparation and review of our global annual tax provision, and particularly in the area of realizability of tax attributes such as foreign tax credits and other domestic deferred tax assets. In preparing the tax provision for the year ended March 31, 2020, our internal controls over preparation and review of the income tax provision failed to detect certain errors relating to the assessment of the realizability of deferred tax assets as well as certain complex technical matters which impacted income tax expense, current and deferred tax assets and liabilities and the related valuation allowance. Accordingly, our internal controls over our financial statement close process were not designed appropriately to detect a material error related to our income tax provision in the financial statements in a timely manner. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. To address this material weakness, the technical complexity of our global operations and tax accounting, and the workload of our tax staff, as of April 2020, we have hired an International Tax Manager and we expect to continue to add appropriate technical resources as needed. We also plan to enhance our documentation and management review of tax balances. While we are implementing a plan to remediate this material weakness, we cannot predict the success of such plan or the outcome of our assessment of the plan at this time. If our plan is insufficient to successfully remediate the material weakness and otherwise establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, the reliability of our financial reporting, investor confidence in us and the value of our common stock could be materially and adversely affected. We can give no assurance that implementation of our plan will remediate this deficiency in internal control or that additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future. Our failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in errors in our financial statements that could result in a restatement of our financial statements, and could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to provide reliable and timely financial reports and, together with adequate disclosure controls and procedures, are designed to reasonably detect and prevent fraud. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. For as long as we are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404. We could be an “emerging growth company” for up to five years. An independent assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting could detect problems that our management’s assessment might not. Undetected material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting could lead to financial statement restatements and require us to incur the expense of remediation. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could reduce the market price of our common stock. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and may make it more difficult for you to sell your common stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate. We are unable to predict the effect that such sales may have on the prevailing price of our common stock. In connection with the follow-on public offering in February 2020, we, along with our officers, directors, and all of the selling stockholders in that offering, including the Thoma Bravo Funds, entered into lock-up agreements with the underwriters of that offering, subject to certain exceptions, not to dispose of or hedge any of our or their common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock until May 20, 2020. Sales of a substantial number of such shares following the expiration of the lock-up agreements, or the perception that such sales may occur, could cause our stock price to fall or make it more difficult for you to sell your common stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate. Our issuance of additional capital stock in connection with financings, acquisitions, investments, our stock incentive plans or otherwise will dilute all other stockholders. We may issue additional capital stock in the future that will result in dilution to all other stockholders. We may also raise capital through equity financings in the future. As part of our business strategy, we may acquire or make investments in complementary companies, products or technologies and issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition or investment. Any such issuances of additional capital stock may cause stockholders to experience significant dilution of their ownership interests and the per share value of our common stock to decline. We expect to continue to be a controlled company within the meaning of the NYSE rules and, as a result, will qualify for and intend to rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. We expect that Thoma Bravo, as the ultimate general partner of the Thoma Bravo Funds, will continue to beneficially own a majority of the voting power of all classes of our outstanding voting stock. As a result, we are, and expect we will continue to be, a controlled company 38 Table of Contents within the meaning of the NYSE corporate governance standards. Under the NYSE rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by another person or group of persons acting together is a controlled company and may elect not to comply with certain NYSE corporate governance requirements, including the requirements that: • • • • a majority of the board of directors consist of independent directors as defined under the rules of the NYSE; the nominating and governance committee be composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; the compensation committee be composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; and annual performance evaluations of the nominating and governance committee and the compensation committee be performed. These requirements will not apply to us as long as we remain a controlled company. We have and expect to continue to use some or all of these exemptions. As of May 1, 2020, our executive officers, directors, and the Thoma Bravo Funds beneficially own approximately 54% of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock. These stockholders may be able to determine all matters requiring stockholder approval. For example, these stockholders may be able to control elections of directors, amendments of our organizational documents, or approval of any merger, sale of assets, or other major corporate transaction. This may prevent or discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or offers for our common stock that you may feel are in your best interest as one of our stockholders. Accordingly, you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE. Thoma Bravo has a controlling influence over matters requiring stockholder approval, which may have the effect of delaying or preventing changes of control, or limiting the ability of other stockholders to approve transactions they deem to be in their best interest. As of May 1, 2020, Thoma Bravo, as the ultimate general partner of the Thoma Bravo Funds, beneficially owns in the aggregate 52% of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock. As a result, Thoma Bravo could exert significant influence over our operations and business strategy and would have sufficient voting power to determine the outcome of all matters requiring stockholder approval. These matters may include: • • • • the composition of our board of directors, which has the authority to direct our business and to appoint and remove our officers; approving or rejecting a merger, consolidation or other business combination; raising future capital; and amending our charter and bylaws, which govern the rights attached to our common stock. For so long as Thoma Bravo beneficially owns 30% or more of our outstanding shares of common stock, Thoma Bravo will have the right to designate a majority of our board of directors. For so long as Thoma Bravo has the right to designate a majority of our board of directors, the directors designated by Thoma Bravo are expected to constitute a majority of each committee of our board of directors, other than the audit committee, and the chairman of each of the committees, other than the audit committee, is expected to be a director designated by Thoma Bravo. At such time as we are not a “controlled company” under the NYSE corporate governance standards, our committee membership will comply with all applicable requirements of those standards and a majority of our board of directors will be “independent directors,” as defined under the rules of the NYSE. This concentration of ownership of our common stock could delay or prevent proxy contests, mergers, tender offers, open-market purchase programs or other purchases of our common stock that might otherwise result in the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of our common stock. This concentration of ownership may also adversely affect our share price. Thoma Bravo may pursue corporate opportunities independent of us that could present conflicts with our and our stockholders’ interests. Thoma Bravo is in the business of making or advising on investments in companies and holds (and may from time to time in the future acquire) interests in or provides advice to businesses that may directly or indirectly compete with our business or be suppliers or customers of ours. Thoma Bravo may also pursue acquisitions that may be complementary to our business and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. 39 Table of Contents Our charter provides that none of our officers or directors who are also an officer, director, employee, partner, managing director, principal, independent contractor or other affiliate of Thoma Bravo will be liable to us or our stockholders for breach of any fiduciary duty by reason of the fact that any such individual pursues or acquires a corporate opportunity for its own account or the account of an affiliate, as applicable, instead of us, directs a corporate opportunity to any other person, instead of us or does not communicate information regarding a corporate opportunity to us. We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock and, consequently, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our common stock. We have never declared or paid any dividends on our common stock. We intend to retain any earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, you may only receive a return on your investment in our common stock if the market price of our common stock increases. Our charter and bylaws contain anti-takeover provisions that could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable. Our charter and bylaws contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change in control of our company. These provisions could also make it difficult for stockholders to elect directors who are not nominated by the current members of our board of directors or take other corporate actions, including effecting changes in our management. These provisions include: • • • • • • • • • • a classified board of directors with three-year staggered terms, which could delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of our board of directors; after Thoma Bravo ceases to beneficially own at least 30% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, removal of directors only for cause, and subject to the affirmative vote of the holders of 66 2/3% or more of our outstanding shares of capital stock then entitled to vote at a meeting of our stockholders called for that purpose; the ability of our board of directors to issue shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer; allowing Thoma Bravo to fill any vacancy on our board of directors for so long as affiliates of Thoma Bravo own 30% or more of our outstanding shares of common stock and thereafter, allowing only our board of directors to fill vacancies on our board of directors, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors; after Thoma Bravo ceases to beneficially own at least a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock, a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders; after we cease to be a controlled company, the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by our board of directors, the chairperson of our board of directors, our chief executive officer or our president (in the absence of a chief executive officer), which could delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors; after we cease to be a controlled company, the requirement for the affirmative vote of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of the voting stock, voting together as a single class, to amend the provisions of our charter relating to the management of our business (including our classified board structure) or certain provisions of our bylaws, which may inhibit the ability of an acquirer to effect such amendments to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt; the ability of our board of directors to amend the bylaws, which may allow our board of directors to take additional actions to prevent an unsolicited takeover and inhibit the ability of an acquirer to amend the bylaws to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt; advance notice procedures with which stockholders must comply to nominate candidates to our board of directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us; and a prohibition of cumulative voting in the election of our board of directors, which would otherwise allow less than a majority of stockholders to elect director candidates. 40 Table of Contents Our charter also contains a provision that provides us with protections similar to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, and prevents us from engaging in a business combination, such as a merger, with an interested stockholder (i.e., a person or group who acquires at least 15% of our voting stock) for a period of three years from the date such person became an interested stockholder, unless (with certain exceptions) the business combination or the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder is approved in a prescribed manner. However, our charter also provides that transactions with Thoma Bravo, including the Thoma Bravo Funds, and any persons to whom any Thoma Bravo Fund sells its common stock will be deemed to have been approved by our board of directors. We may issue preferred stock the terms of which could adversely affect the voting power or value of our common stock. Our charter authorizes us to issue, without the approval of our stockholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such designations, preferences, limitations and relative rights, including preferences over our common stock respecting dividends and distributions, as our board of directors may determine. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could adversely impact the voting power or value of our common stock. For example, we might grant holders of preferred stock the right to elect some number of our directors in all events or on the happening of specified events or the right to veto specified transactions. Similarly, the repurchase or redemption rights or liquidation preferences we might assign to holders of preferred stock could affect the residual value of our common stock. Our bylaws designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain litigation that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us. Pursuant to our bylaws, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum for state law claims for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (2) any action asserting a claim of or based on a breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our current or former directors, officers, or other employees to us or our stockholders, (3) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our current or former directors, officers, employees, or stockholders arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or our bylaws, or (4) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, or, collectively, the Delaware Forum Provision. In addition, our bylaws provide that any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our common stock is deemed to have notice of and consented to the foregoing provisions; provided, however, that stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Our bylaws further provide that the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts will be the sole and exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act, or the Federal Forum Provision, as our principal executive offices are located in Waltham, Massachusetts. The Delaware Forum Provision and the Federal Forum Provision may impose additional litigation costs on stockholders who assert the provision is not enforceable and may impose more general additional litigation costs in pursuing any such claims, particularly if the stockholders do not reside in or near the State of Delaware or the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Additionally, the Delaware Forum Provision and Federal Forum Provision in our bylaws may limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us. In addition, while the Delaware Supreme Court ruled in March 2020 that federal forum selection provisions purporting to require claims under the Securities Act be brought in federal court are “facially valid” under Delaware law, there is uncertainty as to whether other courts will enforce our Federal Forum Provision. If the Federal Forum Provision is found to be unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such an action. The Federal Forum Provision may also impose additional litigation costs on stockholders who assert that the provision is not enforceable or invalid. The Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware may also reach different judgments or results than would other courts, including courts where a stockholder considering an action may be located or would otherwise choose to bring the action, and such judgments may be more or less favorable to us than our stockholders. For as long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with certain requirements that apply to other public companies. We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. For as long as we are an emerging growth company, unlike other public companies, we will not be required to, among other things: (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; (ii) comply with any new requirements adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report in which the auditor would be required to provide additional information about the audit and the financial statements of the issuer; (iii) provide certain disclosures regarding executive compensation required of larger public companies; or (iv) hold nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation and any golden parachute payments not previously approved. In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for adopting new or revised financial accounting standards. We intend to take advantage of the longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards permitted under the JOBS Act until we are no longer an emerging growth company. If we were to subsequently elect instead to comply with these public company effective dates, such election would be irrevocable pursuant to the JOBS Act. We will remain an emerging growth company up until March 31, 2024, although we will lose that status sooner if we have more than $1.07 billion of revenues in a fiscal year, have more than $700 million in market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates (and 41 Table of Contents have been a public company for at least 12 months and have filed one annual report on Form 10-K), or issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period. To the extent that we rely on any of the exemptions available to emerging growth companies, you will receive less information about our executive compensation and internal control over financial reporting than issuers that are not emerging growth companies. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock to be less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES Our corporate headquarters is located in Waltham, Massachusetts and consists of approximately 50,000 square feet of space under a lease that expires in September 2027. In addition to our headquarters, we lease approximately 47,000 square feet of space in Detroit, Michigan under a lease that expires in January 2025. Our primary research and development facilities are located in Linz, Austria, Gdansk, Poland, and Barcelona, Spain, and consist of approximately 96,000, 43,000, and 24,000 square feet, respectively. We maintain additional offices in the United States and in various international locations, including San Mateo, California, Maidenhead, United Kingdom, and Sydney, Australia. We believe that our facilities are adequate to meet our needs for the immediate future and that we will be able to secure additional space to accommodate expansion of our operations. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS We are not currently a party to any litigation or claims that, if determined adversely to us, would have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, or cash flows. We are, from time to time, party to litigation and subject to claims in the ordinary course of business. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES None. ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON STOCK Market Information for Common Stock PART II - OTHER INFORMATION Our common stock has been listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “DT” since August 1, 2019. Prior to that date, there was no public trading market for our common stock. Holders of Record As of May 25, 2020, there were 257 registered stockholders of record of our common stock. We believe a substantially greater number of beneficial owners hold shares through brokers, banks or other nominees. Dividend Policy We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business and do not expect to pay any dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws, and will depend on a number of factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, general business conditions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, our credit facility places restrictions on the ability of our subsidiaries to pay cash dividends or make distributions to us. Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans The information concerning our equity compensation plans is incorporated by reference herein to the section of the Proxy Statement entitled “Equity Compensation Plan Information.” 42 Table of Contents Performance Graph The following shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or incorporated by reference into any of our other filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The performance graph below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total return on the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 500 Information Technology Index. The graph assumes $100 was invested at the market close on August 1, 2019, which was our initial trading date, in our common stock. Data for the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 500 Information Technology Index assume reinvestment of dividends. Our offering price of our common stock in our initial public offering, which had a closing stock price of $23.85 on August 1, 2019, was $16.00 per share. The comparisons in the graph below are based upon historical data and are not indicative of, nor intended to forecast, future performance of our common stock. Base Period 8/1/2019 $ $ $ 100.00 $ 100.00 $ 100.00 $ 9/30/2019 12/31/2019 3/31/2020 78.28 $ 100.78 $ 100.25 $ 84.36 $ 110.17 $ 114.54 $ 84.32 97.68 114.86 Dynatrace, Inc. S&P 500 S&P 500 Information Technology Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities None. Use of Proceeds On July 31, 2019, our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-232558) was declared effective by the SEC for our initial public offering. There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from our initial public offering as described in our final prospectus dated July 31, 2019 and filed with the SEC on August 1, 2019 pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities None. ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA We have derived the selected consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2020 and 2019 set forth below from our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated statements of operations data for the year ended March 31, 2017 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2018 and 2017 are derived from our audited 43 Table of Contents consolidated financial statements that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future. The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 2018 2017 (in thousands) Consolidated Statements of Operations Data: Revenue: Subscription License Service Total revenue Cost of revenue: Cost of subscription Cost of service Amortization of acquired technology Total cost of revenue (1) Gross profit Operating expenses: Research and development (1) Sales and marketing (1) General and administrative (1) Amortization of other intangibles Restructuring and other Total operating expenses (Loss) income from operations Other expense, net Loss before income taxes Income tax (expense) benefit Net (loss) income Net (loss) income per share, basic and diluted (2) Weighted average shares used in computing net (loss) income per share, basic and diluted (2) _________________ (1) Includes share-based compensation expense as follows: Cost of revenue Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Total share-based compensation $ $ $ $ $ 487,817 $ 349,830 $ 257,576 $ 12,686 45,300 545,803 73,193 39,289 16,449 128,931 416,872 119,281 266,175 161,983 40,280 1,092 588,811 (171,939) (46,594) (218,533) (199,491) 40,354 40,782 430,966 56,934 31,529 18,338 106,801 324,165 76,759 178,886 91,778 47,686 1,763 396,872 (72,707) (67,204) (139,911) 23,717 98,756 41,715 398,047 48,270 30,316 17,948 96,534 301,513 58,320 145,350 64,114 50,498 4,990 323,272 (21,759) (30,016) (51,775) 60,997 (418,024) $ (116,194) $ (1.58) $ (0.49) $ 9,222 $ 0.04 $ 232,783 130,738 42,856 406,377 52,176 30,735 19,261 102,172 304,205 52,885 129,971 49,232 51,947 7,637 291,672 12,533 (28,926) (16,393) 17,189 796 0.00 264,933 235,939 231,956 228,540 Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 2018 2017 (in thousands) 18,685 $ 5,777 $ 1,720 $ 38,670 84,698 80,425 12,566 24,673 28,135 3,858 7,536 9,180 222,478 $ 71,151 $ 22,294 $ 28 71 122 128 349 _________________ (2) See Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements for further details on the calculations of basic and diluted net (loss) income per share. 44 Table of Contents Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: Cash and cash equivalents Working capital, excluding deferred revenue (1) Total assets Deferred revenue, current and non-current portion Long-term debt, net of current portion Total liabilities As of 2020 2019 2018 2017 (in thousands) $ 213,170 $ 51,314 $ 77,581 $ 365,085 132,239 182,826 57,948 148,640 2,042,080 1,811,366 1,899,002 1,893,235 444,771 509,985 1,080,583 961,497 365,745 1,011,793 2,201,624 (390,258) 246,627 159,717 — — 2,167,692 2,157,741 (268,690) (264,506) Total shareholders’ equity / member’s deficit _________________ (1) We define working capital as current assets less current liabilities, excluding related-party payables. ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. When reviewing the discussion below, you should keep in mind the substantial risks and uncertainties that could impact our business. In particular, we encourage you to review the risks and uncertainties described in the section titled “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A. in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements contained in this report or implied by past results and trends. Our fiscal year ends on March 31. Overview We offer the market-leading software intelligence platform, purpose-built for multi-cloud environments. As enterprises embrace the cloud to effect their digital transformation, our all-in-one intelligence platform is designed to address the growing complexity faced by technology and digital business teams. Our platform utilizes artificial intelligence at its core and continuous automation to provide answers, not just data, about the performance of applications, the underlying multi- cloud infrastructure and the experience of our customers’ users. We designed our software intelligence platform to allow our customers to modernize and automate IT operations, develop and release high quality software faster, and improve user experiences for better business outcomes. As a result, as of March 31, 2020, our products are trusted by more than 2,700 customers in over 80 countries in diverse industries such as banking, insurance, retail, manufacturing, travel and software. Since we began operations, we have been a leader within the application performance monitoring space. In 2014, we leveraged the knowledge and experience of the same engineering team that founded Dynatrace to develop a new platform, the Dynatrace Software Intelligence Platform, from the ground up with a dynamic, AI-powered infrastructure to handle web-scale applications across multi-cloud platforms. We market Dynatrace® through a combination of our global direct sales team and a network of partners, including resellers, system integrators, and managed service providers. We target the largest 15,000 global enterprise accounts, which generally have annual revenues in excess of $750 million. We generate revenue primarily by selling subscriptions, which we define as (i) Software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) agreements, (ii) Dynatrace® term-based licenses, which are recognized ratably over the contract term, (iii) Dynatrace® perpetual licenses, which are recognized ratably over the term of the expected optional maintenance renewals, which is generally three years, and (iv) maintenance and support agreements. We deploy our platform as a SaaS solution, with the option of retaining the data in the cloud, or at the edge in customer-provisioned infrastructure, which we refer to as Dynatrace® Managed. The Dynatrace ® Managed offering allows customers to maintain control of the environment where their data resides, whether in the cloud or on-premise, combining the simplicity of SaaS with the ability to adhere to their own data security and sovereignty requirements. Our Mission Control center automatically upgrades all Dynatrace® instances and offers on-premise cluster customers auto-deployment options that suit their specific enterprise management processes. Dynatrace® is an all-in-one platform, which is typically purchased by our customers with the full-stack Application Performance module, or APM, and extended with our Digital Experience Monitoring and/or Digital Business Analytics modules. Customers also have the option to purchase the infrastructure monitoring module where the full-stack APM is not required, with the ability to upgrade to the full-stack APM when necessary. Our Dynatrace® platform has been commercially available since 2016 and is now the primary offering we sell. Dynatrace® customers increased to 2,373 as of March 31, 2020 from 1,364 as of March 31, 2019. 45 Table of Contents Our Classic products include AppMon, Classic Real User Monitoring, or RUM, Network Application Monitoring, or NAM, and Synthetic Classic. As of April 2018, these products are only available to customers who had previously purchased them. AppMon, Classic RUM, and NAM are deployed using customer- provisioned infrastructure, either on-premise or in the cloud, while Synthetic Classic is a SaaS-based application. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel strain of the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) was reported in China, in January 2020 the World Health Organization (“WHO”) declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, and in March 2020 WHO declared the outbreak a global pandemic. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may impact our business going forward will depend on numerous evolving factors that we cannot reliably predict, including the duration and scope of the pandemic; governmental, business, and individuals' actions in response to the pandemic; and the impact on economic activity including the possibility of recession or financial market instability. These factors may adversely impact business spending on technology as well as customers' ability to pay for our products and services on an ongoing basis. At this point, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may impact our financial condition or results of operations is uncertain. The economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have been challenging for certain customers and prospects. We have offered extended free trial periods in certain circumstances, changed how we spend on marketing and lead generation activities, and slowed down the pace at which we are hiring new employees. While the broader implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on our results of operations and overall financial performance remain uncertain, the COVID-19 pandemic and its adverse effects have become more prevalent in the locations where we, our customers and partners conduct business. We may experience curtailed customer demand that could adversely impact our business, results of operations and overall financial performance in future periods. Specifically, we may be impacted by changes in our customers’ ability or willingness to purchase our offerings; changes in the timing of our current or prospective customers’ purchasing decisions; pricing discounts or extended payment terms; reductions in the amount or duration of customers’ subscription contracts; or increased customer attrition rates. While our revenue, customer retention, and earnings are relatively predictable as a result of our subscription-based business model, the effect, if any, of the COVID-19 pandemic would not be fully reflected in our results of operations and overall financial performance until future periods. While the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic remain uncertain, we plan to continue to make investments to support business growth. We believe that the growth of our business is dependent on many factors, including our ability to expand our customer base, increase the conversion of our existing customers from our Classic products to our Dynatrace® platform, develop new products and applications to extend the functionality of our products, and provide a high level of customer service. We expect to invest in sales and marketing to support customer growth. We also expect to invest in research and development as we continue to introduce new products and applications to extend the functionality of our products. We also intend to maintain a high level of customer service and support which we consider critical for our continued success. We also expect to continue to incur general and administrative expenses to support our business and to maintain the infrastructure required to be a public company. We intend to use our cash flow from operations to fund these growth strategies and support our business despite the potential impact from the COVID-19 pandemic and do not expect to be profitable in the near term. See the section titled “Risk Factors” included under Part II, Item 1A for further discussion of the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business. Key Factors Affecting Our Performance Our historical financial performance has been, and we expect our financial performance in the future to be, driven by our ability to: • • Extend our technology and market leadership position. We intend to maintain our position as the market-leading software intelligence platform through increased investment in research and development and continued innovation. We expect to focus on expanding the functionality of Dynatrace® and investing in capabilities that address new market opportunities. We believe this strategy will enable new growth opportunities and allow us to continue to deliver differentiated high-value outcomes to our customers. Grow our customer base. We intend to drive new customer growth by expanding our direct sales force focused on the largest 15,000 global enterprise accounts, which generally have annual revenues in excess of $750 million. The initial average Dynatrace® ARR for the 601 gross new customers added during the year ended March 31, 2020 was approximately $94,000. In addition, we expect to leverage our global partner ecosystem to add new customers in geographies where we have direct coverage and work jointly with our partners. In other geographies, such as Africa, Japan, the Middle East, Russia and South Korea, we utilize a multi-tier “master reseller” model. 46 Table of Contents Increase penetration within existing customers. We plan to continue to increase penetration within our existing customers by expanding the breadth of our platform capabilities to provide for continued cross-selling opportunities. In addition, we believe the ease of implementation for Dynatrace® provides us the opportunity to expand adoption within our existing enterprise customers, across new customer applications, and into additional business units or divisions. Once customers are on the Dynatrace® platform, we have seen significant dollar-based net expansion due to the ease of use and power of our new platform. Enhance our strategic partner ecosystem. Our strategic partners include industry-leading system integrators, software vendors, and cloud and technology providers. We intend to continue to invest in our partner ecosystem, with a particular emphasis on expanding our strategic alliances and cloud-focused partnerships, such as AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Platform, Red Hat OpenShift, and VMware Tanzu. • • Key Metrics In addition to our GAAP financial information, we monitor the following key metrics to help us measure and evaluate the effectiveness of our operations: 3/31/2020 12/31/2019 9/30/2019 6/30/2019 3/31/2019 12/31/2018 9/30/2018 6/30/2018 As of Number of Dynatrace® Customers Dynatrace® ARR (in thousands) Classic ARR (in thousands) Total ARR (in thousands) Dynatrace® Net Expansion Rate $ $ $ 2,373 527,830 $ 44,928 $ 572,758 $ 120%+ 2,208 $ 465,885 68,605 $ $ 534,490 120%+ 1,828 376,816 94,090 $ $ $ 1,578 326,298 111,324 $ $ $ 470,906 120%+ 437,622 120%+ 1,364 282,815 $ 120,459 $ 403,274 $ 120%+ 1,149 226,976 $ 145,341 $ 372,317 $ 120%+ 899 159,949 $ 166,490 $ 326,439 $ 120%+ 733 118,371 187,732 306,103 120%+ Dynatrace® Customers: We define the number of Dynatrace® customers at the end of any reporting period as the number of accounts, as identified by a unique account identifier, that generate at least $10,000 of Dynatrace® ARR as of the reporting date. In infrequent cases, a single large organization may comprise multiple customer accounts when there are distinct divisions, departments or subsidiaries that operate and make purchasing decisions independently from the parent organization. In cases where multiple customer accounts exist under a single organization, each customer account is counted separately based on a mutually exclusive accounting of ARR. As such, even though we target the largest 15,000 global enterprise accounts, there are more than 15,000 addressable Dynatrace® customers. We believe that our ability to grow the number of Dynatrace® customers is an indicator of our ability to drive market adoption of our platform, as well as our ability to grow the business and generate future subscription revenues. Dynatrace® ARR: We define Dynatrace® annualized recurring revenue, or ARR, as the daily revenue of all term-based Dynatrace® subscription agreements that are actively generating revenue as of the last day of the reporting period multiplied by 365. We exclude from our calculation of ARR any revenues derived from month-to-month agreements and/or product usage overage billings, where customers are billed in arrears based on product usage. Classic ARR: We define classic annualized recurring revenue as the daily revenue of all classic subscription agreements that are actively generating revenue as of the last day of the reporting period multiplied by 365. We exclude from our calculation of ARR any revenues derived from month-to-month agreements and/or product usage overage billings, where customers are billed in arrears based on product usage. Classic ARR was $45 million as of March 31, 2020. Over the past year, Classic ARR has decreased by $76 million, or 63%. The $76 million reduction in Classic ARR was offset by a $90 million increase in Dynatrace® ARR resulting from the conversion of Classic products to Dynatrace® products, as well as upsell generated at the time of conversion of accounts that have undergone a conversion from our Classic products to Dynatrace® products. We also believe that in future periods the reduction in Classic ARR from lost customers may exceed the increase in Dynatrace® ARR resulting from the conversion to Dynatrace® products and upsell at the time of conversion. Based on historical trends, we believe that substantially all of our Classic ARR as of March 31, 2020 will convert to Dynatrace® ARR over the next two quarters. Total ARR: We define Total ARR as the daily revenue of all subscription agreements that are actively generating revenue as of the last day of the reporting period multiplied by 365. We exclude from our calculation of Total ARR any revenues derived from month-to-month agreements and/or product usage overage billings. Total ARR was $573 million as of March 31, 2020. Over the past year, Total ARR has grown by $169 million, or 42%. This growth was the result of a $57 million increase in ARR from new customer additions, a $98 million increase in ARR from the expansion of existing customers on the Dynatrace® platform, and an $14 million increase in ARR as a result of expansion at the time of conversion from our Classic customers, net of churn. Dynatrace® Net Expansion Rate: We define the Dynatrace ® net expansion rate as the Dynatrace® ARR at the end of a reporting period for the cohort of Dynatrace® accounts as of one year prior to the date of calculation, divided by the Dynatrace® ARR one year prior to the date of calculation for that same cohort. This calculation excludes the benefit of Dynatrace® ARR resulting from the conversion of 47 Table of Contents Classic products to the Dynatrace® platform, as well as any upsell generated at the time of conversion. Dynatrace® net expansion rate was 123% as of March 31, 2020 and has trended between 120% and 140% since June 30, 2018. Key Components of Results of Operations Revenue Revenue includes subscriptions, licenses and services. Subscription. Our subscription revenue consists of (i) SaaS agreements, (ii) Dynatrace® term-based licenses which are recognized ratably over the contract term, (iii) Dynatrace® perpetual licenses that are recognized ratably over the term of the expected optional maintenance renewals, which is generally three years, and (iv) maintenance and support agreements. We typically invoice SaaS subscription fees and term licenses annually in advance and recognize subscription revenue ratably over the term of the applicable agreement, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been satisfied. Fees for our Dynatrace® perpetual licenses are generally billed up front. See the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates—Revenue Recognition” included in Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report for more information. Over time, we expect subscription revenue will increase as a percentage of total revenue as we continue to focus on increasing subscription revenue as a key strategic priority. License. License revenue reflects the revenues recognized from sales of perpetual and term-based licenses of our Classic products that are sold primarily to existing customers. The license fee portion of perpetual license arrangements is recognized upfront assuming all revenue recognition criteria are satisfied. Term license fees are also recognized up front. Term licenses are generally billed annually in advance and perpetual licenses are billed up front. Service. Service revenue consists of revenue from helping our customers deploy our software in highly complex operational environments and train their personnel. We recognize the revenues associated with these professional services on a time and materials basis as we deliver the services or provide the training. We generally recognize the revenues associated with our services in the period the services are performed, provided that collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured. Cost of Revenue Cost of subscription. Cost of subscription revenue includes all direct costs to deliver and support our subscription products, including salaries, benefits, share- based compensation and related expenses such as employer taxes, allocated overhead for facilities, IT, third-party hosting fees related to our cloud services, and amortization of internally developed capitalized software technology. We recognize these expenses as they are incurred. Cost of service. Cost of service revenue includes salaries, benefits, share-based compensation and related expenses such as employer taxes for our services organization, allocated overhead for depreciation of equipment, facilities and IT. We recognize these expenses as they are incurred. Amortization of acquired technology. Amortization of acquired technology includes amortization expense for technology acquired in business combinations and the Thoma Bravo Funds’ acquisition of us in 2014. Gross Profit and Gross Margin Gross profit is revenue less cost of revenue, and gross margin is gross profit as a percentage of revenue. Gross profit has been and will continue to be affected by various factors, including the mix of our license, subscription, and services and other revenue, the costs associated with third-party cloud-based hosting services for our cloud-based subscriptions, and the extent to which we expand our customer support and services organizations. We expect that our gross margin will fluctuate from period to period depending on the interplay of these various factors. Operating Expenses Personnel costs, which consist of salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation and, with regard to sales and marketing expenses, sales commissions, are the most significant component of our operating expenses. We also incur other non-personnel costs such as an allocation of our general overhead expenses. Research and development. Research and development expenses primarily consists of the cost of programming personnel. We focus our research and development efforts on developing new solutions, core technologies, and to further enhance the functionality, reliability, performance and flexibility of existing solutions. We believe that our software development teams and our core technologies represent a significant competitive advantage for us and we expect that our research and development expenses will continue to increase, as we invest in research and development headcount to further strengthen and enhance our solutions. 48 Table of Contents Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses primarily consists of personnel and facility-related costs for our sales, marketing, and business development personnel, commissions earned by our sales personnel and the cost of marketing and business development programs. We expect that sales and marketing expenses will continue to increase as we continue to hire additional sales and marketing personnel and invest in marketing programs. General and administrative. General and administrative expenses primarily consist of the personnel and facility-related costs for our executive, finance, legal, human resources and administrative personnel; and other corporate expenses, including those associated with preparation of the initial public offering. We anticipate continuing to incur additional expenses due to growing our operations and being a public company, including higher legal, corporate insurance and accounting expenses. Amortization of other intangibles. Amortization of other intangibles primarily consists of amortization of customer relationships, acquired technology, capitalized software and tradenames. Restructuring and Other. Restructuring and other expenses primarily consists of various restructuring activities we have undertaken to achieve strategic and financial objectives. Restructuring activities include, but are not limited to, product offering cancellation and termination of related employees, office relocation, administrative cost structure realignment and consolidation of resources. Other Expense, Net Other expense, net consists primarily of interest expense and foreign currency realized and unrealized gains and losses related to the impact of transactions denominated in a foreign currency, including balances between subsidiaries. Interest expense, net of interest income, consists primarily of interest on our term loan facility, amortization of debt issuance costs, loss on debt extinguishment and prepayment penalties. Income Tax (Expense) Benefit Our income tax (expense) benefit, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits reflect management’s best assessment of estimated current and future taxes to be paid. We are subject to income taxes in both the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the consolidated income tax expense. Our income tax rate varies from the U.S. federal statutory rate mainly due to (1) differing tax rates and regulations in foreign jurisdictions, (2) differences in accounting and tax treatment of our stock-based compensation, and (3) foreign withholding taxes. We expect this fluctuation in income tax rates, as well as its potential impact on our results of operations, to continue. 49 Table of Contents The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented: Results of Operations Revenue: Subscription License Service Total revenue Cost of revenue: Cost of subscription Cost of service Amortization of acquired technology Total cost of revenue (1) Gross profit Operating expenses: Research and development (1) Sales and marketing (1) General and administrative (1) Amortization of other intangibles Restructuring and other Total operating expenses Loss from operations Other expense, net Loss before income taxes Income tax (expense) benefit Net (loss) income _________________ (1) Includes share-based compensation expense as follows: Cost of revenue Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Total share-based compensation Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 2018 Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent (in thousands, except percentages) $ 487,817 89% $ 349,830 81% $ 257,576 12,686 45,300 3% 8% 40,354 40,782 9% 10% 98,756 41,715 65% 25% 10% 545,803 100% 430,966 100% 398,047 100% 13% 7% 4% 24% 76% 22% 49% 30% 7% 73,193 39,289 16,449 128,931 416,872 119,281 266,175 161,983 40,280 1,092 588,811 (171,939) (46,594) (218,533) (199,491) 13% 7% 5% 25% 75% 18% 42% 21% 11% 56,934 31,529 18,338 106,801 324,165 76,759 178,886 91,778 47,686 1,763 396,872 (72,707) (67,204) (139,911) 23,717 $ (418,024) $ (116,194) $ 12% 8% 4% 24% 76% 15% 37% 16% 13% 48,270 30,316 17,948 96,534 301,513 58,320 145,350 64,114 50,498 4,990 323,272 (21,759) (30,016) (51,775) 60,997 9,222 Fiscal Year Ended March 31, $ $ 2020 18,685 38,670 84,698 80,425 $ 222,478 $ 50 2019 (in thousands) 5,777 12,566 24,673 28,135 71,151 $ 2018 1,720 3,858 7,536 9,180 $ 22,294 Table of Contents Revenue Subscription License Service Total revenue Subscription Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 Fiscal Year Ended March 31, Change 2020 2019 Amount Percent (in thousands, except percentages) 487,817 $ 349,830 $ 12,686 45,300 40,354 40,782 545,803 $ 430,966 $ 137,987 (27,668) 4,518 114,837 $ $ 39 % (69)% 11 % 27 % Subscription revenue increased by $138.0 million, or 39%, for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to the growing adoption of the Dynatrace® platform by new customers combined with existing customers expanding their use of our solutions. Our subscription revenue increased to 89% of total revenue for the year ended March 31, 2020 compared to 81% of total revenue for the year ended March 31, 2019. License License revenue decreased by $27.7 million, or 69%, for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to decline of sales of our Classic products to existing customers as they convert to our Dynatrace® platform. We are no longer selling our Classic products to new customers. Service Service revenue increased by $4.5 million, or 11%, for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2019. We recognize the revenues associated with professional services as we deliver the services. Cost of Revenue Cost of subscription Cost of service Amortization of acquired technology Total cost of revenue Cost of subscription Fiscal Year Ended March 31, Change 2020 2019 Amount Percent (in thousands, except percentages) $ $ 73,193 $ 56,934 $ 39,289 16,449 31,529 18,338 128,931 $ 106,801 $ 16,259 7,760 (1,889) 22,130 29 % 25 % (10)% 21 % Cost of subscription revenue increased by $16.3 million, or 29%, for the year ended March 31, 2020 compared to the year ended March 31, 2019. The increase is primarily due to higher share-based compensation of $9.0 million as well as higher personnel costs to support the growth of our subscription cloud-based offering. Cost of service Cost of service and other revenue increased by $7.8 million, or 25%, for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2019. The increase was the result of higher share-based compensation of $3.9 million as well as increased personnel costs to support the increase in use of our consulting and training services to support our new customers. Amortization of acquired technologies For the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, amortization of acquired technologies includes $16.2 million and $17.7 million, respectively, of amortization expense for technology acquired in connection with the Thoma Bravo Funds’ acquisition of us in 2014, with the remaining balance related primarily to the Qumram acquisition in November 2017. 51 Table of Contents Gross Profit and Gross Margin Gross profit: Subscription License Service Amortization of acquired technology Total gross profit Gross margin: Subscription License Service Amortization of acquired technology Total gross margin Subscription Fiscal Year Ended March 31, Change 2020 2019 Amount Percent (in thousands, except percentages) $ $ 414,624 $ 292,896 $ 12,686 6,011 (16,449) 40,354 9,253 (18,338) 416,872 $ 324,165 $ 121,728 (27,668) (3,242) 1,889 92,707 42 % (69)% (35)% (10)% 29 % 85 % 100 % 13 % (100)% 76 % 84 % 100 % 23 % (100)% 75 % Subscription gross profit increased by $121.7 million, or 42%, during the year ended March 31, 2020 compared to the year ended March 31, 2019. Subscription gross margin increased from 84% to 85%, during the year ended March 31, 2020 compared to the year ended March 31, 2019. License License gross profit decreased by $27.7 million, or 69%, during the year ended March 31, 2020 compared to the year ended March 31, 2019. The decrease was the result of a decline in sales of perpetual and term licenses for our Classic products. Service Service gross profit decreased by $3.2 million, or 35%, during the year ended March 31, 2020 compared to the year ended March 31, 2019. Service gross margin decreased from 23% to 13%, during the year ended March 31, 2020 compared to the year ended March 31, 2019. Higher share-based compensation costs decreased gross profit by $3.9 million compared to last fiscal year. Operating Expenses Operating expenses: Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Amortization of other intangibles Restructuring and other Total operating expenses Research and development Fiscal Year Ended March 31, Change 2020 2019 Amount Percent (in thousands, except percentages) $ 119,281 $ 76,759 $ 266,175 161,983 40,280 1,092 178,886 91,778 47,686 1,763 42,522 87,289 70,205 (7,406) (671) $ 588,811 $ 396,872 $ 191,939 55 % 49 % 76 % (16)% (38)% 48 % Research and development expenses increased by $42.5 million, or 55%, for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2019. The increase is primarily attributable to higher share-based compensation of $26.1 million and a 20% increase in headcount and related allocated overhead as well as other costs to expand our product offerings of $8.1 million. Higher software and maintenance expenses, primarily cloud-based hosting costs related to the development of our cloud-based offering of $3.8 million also contributed to the increase. 52 Table of Contents Sales and marketing Sales and marketing expenses increased by $87.3 million, or 49%, for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to higher share-based compensation of $60.0 million. Further contributing to the increase was a 14% increase in headcount, resulting in an increase of $23.1 million in personnel costs. General and administrative General and administrative expenses increased by $70.2 million, or 76%, for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to an increase in share-based compensation of $52.3 million and higher transaction costs of $12.8 million related to the initial public offering completed in fiscal 2020. Further contributing to the increase was an increase in personnel costs and insurance costs. Sponsor related costs were $1.6 million and $4.9 million for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Sponsor costs declined in 2020 because we stopped incurring these costs upon completion of our initial public offering. Amortization of other intangibles Amortization of other intangibles decreased by $7.4 million, or 16%, for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2019. The decrease is primarily the result of lower amortization for certain intangible assets that are amortized on a systematic basis that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are estimated to be realized and the completion of amortization on certain intangibles. Restructuring and other Restructuring expenses decreased by $0.7 million, or 38%, for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2019, due to lower costs incurred for various restructuring activities to achieve our strategic and financial objectives including costs related to a restructuring program designed to align employee resources with our product offering and future plans. Other Expense, Net Other expense, net decreased by $20.6 million, or 31%, for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2019. The decrease in other expense was primarily a result of lower interest expense on our related party promissory notes as described further in Note 17 with the consolidated financial statements included herein. Income Tax (Expense) Benefit Income tax expense increased by $223.2 million resulting in an expense of $199.5 million for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to a benefit of $23.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2019. This change was primarily due to an increase in income tax expense of $251.8 million as a result of our reorganization transactions during fiscal 2020. Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 Revenue Subscription License Service Total revenue Subscription Fiscal Year Ended March 31, Change 2019 2018 Amount Percent (in thousands, except percentages) $ $ 349,830 $ 257,576 $ 40,354 40,782 98,756 41,715 430,966 $ 398,047 $ 92,254 (58,402) (933) 32,919 36 % (59)% (2)% 8 % Subscription revenue increased by $92.3 million, or 36%, for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2018, primarily due to the growing adoption of the Dynatrace® platform by new customers combined with existing customers expanding their use of our solutions. Our subscription revenue increased to 81% of total revenue for the year ended March 31, 2019 compared to 65% of total revenue for the year ended March 31, 2018. 53 Table of Contents License License revenue decreased by $58.4 million, or 59%, for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2018, primarily due to decline of sales of our Classic products to existing customers as they convert to our Dynatrace® platform. We are no longer selling our Classic products to new customers. Service Service revenue decreased by $0.9 million, or 2%, for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2018. The decrease was primarily a result of consulting services related to our Classic products. We recognize the revenues associated with professional services as we deliver the services. Cost of Revenue Cost of subscription Cost of service Amortization of acquired technology Total cost of revenue Cost of subscription Fiscal Year Ended March 31, Change 2019 2018 Amount Percent (in thousands, except percentages) 56,934 $ 48,270 $ 31,529 18,338 30,316 17,948 8,664 1,213 390 106,801 $ 96,534 $ 10,267 $ $ 18% 4% 2% 11% Cost of subscription revenue increased $8.7 million, or 18%, for the year ended March 31, 2019 compared to the year ended March 31, 2018. The increase is primarily due to higher personnel costs to support the growth of our subscription cloud-based offering as well as higher share-based compensation of $2.9 million. Cost of service Cost of service revenue increased by $1.2 million, or 4%, for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2018. The increase was the result of higher share-based compensation of $1.1 million and increased personnel costs to support the increase in use of our consulting and training services to support our new customers, which was partially offset by lower third-party consulting costs. Amortization of acquired technologies For the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, amortization of acquired technologies includes $17.7 million of amortization expense for technology acquired in connection with the Thoma Bravo Funds’ acquisition of us in 2014, with the remaining balance related primarily to the Qumram acquisition in November 2017. 54 Table of Contents Gross Profit and Gross Margin Gross profit: Subscription License Service Amortization of acquired technology Total gross profit Gross margin: Subscription License Service Amortization of acquired technology Total gross margin Subscription Fiscal Year Ended March 31, Change 2019 2018 Amount Percent (in thousands, except percentages) $ $ 292,896 $ 209,306 $ 40,354 9,253 (18,338) 98,756 11,399 (17,948) 324,165 $ 301,513 $ 83,590 (58,402) (2,146) (390) 22,652 40 % (59)% (19)% 2 % 8 % 84 % 100 % 23 % (100)% 75 % 81 % 100 % 27 % (100)% 76 % Subscription gross profit increased by $83.6 million, or 40%, during the year ended March 31, 2019 compared to the year ended March 31, 2018. Subscription gross margin increased from 81% to 84%, during the year ended March 31, 2019 compared to the year ended March 31, 2018. License License gross profit decreased by $58.4 million, or 59%, during the year ended March 31, 2019 compared to the year ended March 31, 2018. The decrease was the result of a decline in sales of perpetual and term licenses for our Classic products. Service Service gross profit decreased by $2.1 million, or 19%, during the year ended March 31, 2019 compared to the year ended March 31, 2018. Service gross margin decreased from 27% to 23%, during the year ended March 31, 2019 compared to the year ended March 31, 2018. Operating Expenses Operating expenses: Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Amortization of other intangibles Restructuring and other Total operating expenses Research and development Fiscal Year Ended March 31, Change 2019 2018 Amount Percent (in thousands, except percentages) $ $ 76,759 $ 58,320 $ 178,886 145,350 91,778 47,686 1,763 64,114 50,498 4,990 396,872 $ 323,272 $ 18,439 33,536 27,664 (2,812) (3,227) 73,600 32 % 23 % 43 % (6)% (65)% 23 % Research and development expenses increased $18.4 million, or 32%, for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2018. The increase is attributable to higher share-based compensation of $8.7 million and a 20% increase in headcount, resulting in increased personnel and other costs to expand our product offerings of $6.9 million. Lower capitalization of internally developed capitalized software technology of $1.8 million also contributed to the increase. 55 Table of Contents Sales and marketing Sales and marketing expenses increased $33.5 million, or 23%, for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2018, primarily due to higher share-based compensation of $17.1 million. Further contributing to the increase was a 10% increase in headcount, resulting in an increase of $12.3 million in personnel and other costs to expand our sales organization and marketing program investments to increase awareness and to accelerate lead generation activities. General and administrative General and administrative expenses increased $27.7 million, or 43%, for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2018, primarily due to an increase in share-based compensation of $19.0 million and transaction costs related to the initial public offering of $7.3 million. Sponsor related costs were approximately $4.9 million for each of the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. Amortization of other intangibles Amortization of other intangibles decreased by $2.8 million, or 6%, for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2018. The decrease is primarily the result of lower amortization for certain intangible assets that are amortized on a systematic basis that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are estimated to be realized. Restructuring and other Restructuring expenses decreased by $3.2 million, or 65%, for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2018, due to lower costs incurred for various restructuring activities to achieve our strategic and financial objectives, lower facility exit charges in relation to plans to optimize our U.S. offices, and lower costs related to a restructuring program designed to align employee resources with our product offering and future plans. Other Expense, Net Other expense, net increased by $37.2 million, or 124%, for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2018. The increase in other expense was primarily a result of interest expense on our Term Loans entered into in the second quarter of 2019. See the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” included in Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report. Income Tax Benefit Income tax benefit decreased by $37.3 million to $23.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to an income tax benefit of $61.0 million for the year ended March 31, 2018. The decrease was primarily a result of a $50.0 million tax benefit recorded in the year ended March 31, 2018 for the remeasurement of the U.S. deferred tax liabilities to the newly-enacted 21% corporate federal tax rate under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. 56 Table of Contents Quarterly Results of Operations The following tables set forth our unaudited quarterly consolidated statements of operations data for each of the quarters indicated as well as the percentage that each line item represents of our total revenue for each quarter presented. The information for each quarter has been prepared on a basis consistent with our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and reflect, in the opinion of management, all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature that are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial information contained in those statements. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future. The following quarterly financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 3/31/2020 12/31/2019 9/30/2019 6/30/2019 3/31/2019 12/31/2018 9/30/2018 6/30/2018 (in thousands, except per share data) Fiscal Quarter Ended Revenue: Subscription $ License Service Total revenue Cost of revenue: Cost of subscription Cost of service Amortization of acquired technology Total cost of revenue (1) Gross profit Operating expenses: Research and development (1) Sales and marketing (1) General and administrative (1) Amortization of other intangibles Restructuring and other Total operating expenses Income (loss) from operations Other expense, net Income (loss) before income taxes Income tax benefit (expense) Net income (loss) Net income (loss) per share, basic (2) $ $ Net income (loss) per share, diluted (2) $ Weighted average shares outstanding, basic (2) Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted (2) 135,366 $ 2,262 12,949 150,577 17,263 10,049 3,825 31,137 119,440 24,509 55,594 21,265 10,038 (1) 111,405 8,035 (7,186) 849 45,853 46,702 $ 0.17 $ 0.16 $ 128,518 $ 115,805 $ 108,128 $ 3,895 10,885 143,298 16,297 8,584 3,824 28,705 114,593 22,517 52,400 21,883 10,039 199 107,038 7,555 (5,928) 1,627 136 1,763 0.01 0.01 $ $ $ 2,745 10,828 129,378 23,456 11,847 4,243 39,546 89,832 46,596 99,966 86,953 10,061 779 244,355 (154,523) (14,388) (168,911) (248,423) (417,334) (1.58) (1.58) $ $ $ 3,784 10,638 122,550 16,177 8,809 4,557 29,543 93,007 25,659 58,215 31,882 10,142 115 126,013 (33,006) (19,092) (52,098) 2,943 (49,155) (0.21) (0.21) $ $ $ 97,856 $ 7,549 10,763 116,168 91,661 $ 12,064 10,965 114,690 82,389 $ 9,662 9,836 101,887 16,012 9,381 4,558 29,951 86,217 21,530 48,219 27,014 11,794 1,304 109,861 (23,644) (20,240) (43,884) 13,286 (30,598) $ (0.13) $ (0.13) $ 13,534 7,731 4,558 25,823 88,867 17,643 43,275 19,672 11,879 (24) 92,445 (3,578) (21,206) (24,784) 2,682 (22,102) $ (0.09) $ (0.09) $ 14,256 7,522 4,558 26,336 75,551 19,690 44,883 25,211 11,964 73 101,821 (26,270) (17,934) (44,204) 4,266 (39,938) $ (0.17) $ (0.17) $ 278,665 277,926 264,127 237,693 236,667 236,024 235,215 283,302 280,156 264,127 237,693 236,667 236,024 235,215 77,924 11,079 9,218 98,221 13,132 6,895 4,664 24,691 73,530 17,896 42,509 19,881 12,049 410 92,745 (19,215) (7,824) (27,039) 3,483 (23,556) (0.10) (0.10) 233,971 233,971 _________________ (1) Includes share-based compensation expense as follows: 3/31/2020 12/31/2019 9/30/2019 6/30/2019 3/31/2019 12/31/2018 9/30/2018 6/30/2018 Fiscal Quarter Ended Cost of revenue Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Total share-based compensation $ $ 1,339 $ 1,991 6,106 3,358 12,794 $ 1,317 $ 2,173 6,707 3,316 13,513 $ 12,720 $ 27,379 56,781 57,866 154,746 $ 57 (in thousands) 3,309 $ 7,127 15,104 15,885 41,425 $ 2,311 $ 4,976 10,033 11,546 28,866 $ 476 $ 1,009 2,179 2,393 6,057 $ 1,906 $ 4,163 7,998 8,963 23,030 $ 1,084 2,418 4,463 5,233 13,198 Table of Contents (2) See Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report for further details on the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share. The following table shows our revenues and costs as a percentage of total revenue: Revenue: Subscription License Service Total revenue Cost of revenue: Cost of subscription Cost of service Amortization of acquired technology Total cost of revenue (1) Gross profit Operating expenses: Research and development (1) Sales and marketing (1) General and administrative (1) Amortization of other intangibles Restructuring and other Total operating expenses Income (loss) from operations Other expense, net Income (loss) before income taxes Income tax benefit (expense) 3/31/2020 12/31/2019 9/30/2019 6/30/2019 3/31/2019 12/31/2018 9/30/2018 6/30/2018 (as a % of revenue) Fiscal Quarter Ended 89.9 % 89.7 % 89.5 % 88.2 % 84.2 % 79.9 % 80.9 % 79.3 % 1.5 8.6 100.0 11.5 6.7 2.5 20.7 79.3 16.3 36.9 14.1 6.7 — 74.0 5.3 (4.8) 0.5 2.7 7.6 100.0 11.4 6.0 2.6 20.0 80.0 15.7 36.6 15.3 7.0 0.1 74.7 5.3 (4.2) 1.1 2.1 8.4 100.0 18.1 9.2 3.3 30.6 69.4 36.0 77.3 67.2 7.8 0.6 188.9 (119.4) (11.1) (130.6) 30.5 31.0 % 0.1 1.2 % (192.0) (322.6)% 3.1 8.7 100.0 13.2 7.2 3.7 24.1 75.9 20.9 47.5 26.0 8.3 0.1 102.8 (26.9) (15.6) (42.5) 2.4 (40.1)% 6.5 9.3 100.0 13.8 8.1 3.9 25.8 74.2 18.5 41.5 23.3 10.2 1.1 94.6 (20.4) (17.4) (37.8) 11.4 (26.3)% 10.5 9.6 100.0 11.8 6.7 4.0 22.5 77.5 15.4 37.7 17.2 10.4 — 80.6 (3.1) (18.5) (21.6) 2.3 9.5 9.7 100.0 14.0 7.4 4.5 25.8 74.2 19.3 44.1 24.7 11.7 0.1 99.9 (25.8) (17.6) (43.4) 4.2 11.3 9.4 100.0 13.4 7.0 4.7 25.1 74.9 18.2 43.3 20.2 12.3 0.4 94.4 (19.6) (8.0) (27.5) 3.5 (19.3)% (39.2)% (24.0)% Net income (loss) _________________ (1) Includes share-based compensation expense as follows: Fiscal Quarter Ended 3/31/2020 12/31/2019 9/30/2019 6/30/2019 3/31/2019 12/31/2018 9/30/2018 6/30/2018 (as a % of revenue) 0.9% 0.9% 9.8% 2.7% 2.0% 0.4% 1.9% 1.3 4.1 2.2 8.5% 1.5 4.7 21.2 43.9 2.3 9.4% 44.7 119.6% 5.8 12.3 13.0 33.8% 4.3 8.6 9.9 24.8% 0.9 1.9 2.1 5.3% 4.1 7.8 8.8 22.6% 1.1% 2.5 4.5 5.3 13.4% Cost of revenue Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Total share-based compensation Quarterly Trends in Revenue Our subscription revenue increased in each period presented primarily due to an expanding Dynatrace® customer base as well as customers expanding their use of the Dynatrace® platform. Sales of subscriptions to our platform also continue to grow as a result of the expanding breadth and functionality of our platform, increasing brand awareness, and the success of our sales efforts with new and existing customers. We generally recognize subscription revenue over the term of the contract period; therefore, changes in our sales activity in a period may not be apparent as a change to our revenue until future periods. Our license revenue has generally declined on a quarterly basis due to the declining sales of our Classic products. We expect to continue to experience a decline in license revenue when comparing similar periods year-over-year as a result of our focus on converting our customer base to the new Dynatrace® platform. Our services revenue fluctuates quarter to quarter based on the demand for our consulting and training services. 58 Table of Contents Quarterly Trends in Operating Expenses Our operating expenses have generally increased sequentially as a result of our growth and are primarily related to increases in personnel-related costs to support our expanded operations, continued investment in our platform, expanding commercial and marketing investments. and higher share-based compensation expense. Liquidity and Capital Resources As of March 31, 2020, we had $213.2 million of cash and cash equivalents and $44.7 million available under our revolving credit facility. Since inception we have financed our operations primarily through payments by our customers for use of our product offerings and related services and, to a lesser extent, the net proceeds we have received from sales of equity securities and borrowings on our term loan facilities. In August 2019, we completed our IPO in which we issued and sold an aggregate of 38.9 million shares of common stock at a price of $16.00 per share. We received aggregate net proceeds of $585.3 million from the IPO, after underwriting discounts and commissions and payments of offering costs. Over the past three years, cash flows from customer collections have increased. However, operating expenses have also increased as we have invested in growing our business. Our operating cash requirements may increase in the future as we continue to invest in the strategic growth of our company. Cash from operations could be affected by various risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and other risks detailed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included under Part I, Item 1A. However, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, short-term investment balances, funds available under our debt agreement, and cash generated from operations, will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our growth rate, the timing and extent of spending to support research and development efforts, the continued expansion of sales and marketing activities, the introduction of new and enhanced products, seasonality of our billing activities, timing and extent of spending to support our growth strategy, and the continued market acceptance of our products. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise such financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, operating results, and financial condition would be adversely affected. Our Credit Facilities On August 23, 2018, we entered into a Senior Secured First Lien Credit Agreement and a Senior Secured Second Lien Credit Agreement, or our Term Loans, consisting of a $950.0 million first lien term loan and a $170.0 million second lien term loan, each agreement made by and among the Company, Dynatrace Intermediate LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary, as Guarantor, Jefferies Finance LLC, as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent, and certain lending parties. The First Lien Credit Agreement further provided a $60.0 million revolving credit facility which includes a letter of credit sub-facility with an aggregate limit equal to the lesser of $15.0 million and the aggregate unused amount of the revolving credit facility then in effect. The first lien term loan matures on August 23, 2025 and the revolving credit facility matures on August 23, 2023. During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, we repaid all outstanding borrowings and accrued interest under the second lien term loan. As of March 31, 2020, the balance outstanding under our first lien term loan was $521.1 million and is included in long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheet. We had $44.7 million available under the revolving credit facility after considering $15.3 million of letters of credit outstanding. All of our obligations under our term loans are guaranteed by our existing and future domestic subsidiaries and, subject to certain exceptions, secured by a security interest in substantially all of our tangible and intangible assets. Summary of Cash Flows Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 (in thousands) 2018 Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities(1) $ (142,455) $ 147,141 $ Net cash used in investing activities Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (20,613) 329,392 (4,468) (9,250) (161,482) (2,676) $ 161,856 $ (26,267) $ 118,838 (26,531) (75,501) 2,827 19,633 _________________ (1) Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities includes cash payments for interest and tax as follows: 59 Table of Contents Cash paid for interest Cash paid for tax Operating Activities Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 (in thousands) 2018 $ $ 39,568 $ 266,708 $ 40,969 $ 5,928 $ 38 12,906 For the year ended March 31, 2020, cash used in operating activities was $142.5 million as a result of a net loss of $418.0 million, inclusive of a $255.8 million income tax payment related to the reorganization transactions, and adjusted by non-cash charges of $235.7 million and a change of $39.9 million in our operating assets and liabilities. The non-cash charges are primarily comprised of share-based compensation of $222.5 million and depreciation and amortization of $66.3 million, net of deferred income taxes of $59.3 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily the result of an increase in deferred revenue of $91.4 million due to higher subscription sales and timing of amounts billed to customers compared to revenue recognized during the same period which were partially offset by an increase in deferred commissions of $20.1 million due to commissions paid on new bookings. Further contributing to the change was an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $52.4 million driven by our growth and the timing of payments, an increase in accounts receivable of $44.0 million in line with higher sales and the timing of cash collections between the two periods, and an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $39.7 million related to an increase in income taxes refundable. For the year ended March 31, 2019, cash provided by operating activities was $147.1 million as a result of a net loss of $116.2 million, adjusted by non-cash charges of $115.9 million and a change of $147.4 million in our operating assets and liabilities. The non-cash charges are primarily comprised of depreciation and amortization of $80.1 million, share-based compensation of $71.2 million, and deferred income taxes of $34.2 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily the result of an increase in deferred revenue of $127.0 million due to the timing of billings and cash received in advance of revenue recognition primarily for subscription and support services and a decrease in accounts receivable of $18.0 million due to the timing of receipts of payments from customers, partially offset by an increase in deferred commissions of $20.0 million, and an increase in prepayments and other assets of $12.4 million. For the year ended March 31, 2018, cash provided by operating activities was $118.8 million as a result of net income of $9.2 million, adjusted by non-cash charges of $31.7 million and a change of $77.9 million in our operating assets and liabilities. The non-cash charges are primarily comprised of depreciation and amortization of $82.2 million, share-based compensation of $22.3 million, and deferred income taxes of $73.2 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily the result of an increase in deferred revenue of $77.9 million due to the timing of billings and cash received in advance of revenue recognition primarily for subscription and support services, partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable of $14.7 million due to the timing of receipts of payments from customers, and an increase in deferred commissions of $14.1 million. Investing Activities Cash used in investing activities during the year ended March 31, 2020 was $20.6 million, as a result of the purchases of property and equipment of $19.7 million and capitalized software additions of $0.9 million. Cash used in investing activities during the year ended March 31, 2019 was $9.3 million, primarily as a result of the purchase of property and equipment of $7.4 million and capitalized software additions of $1.9 million. Cash used in investing activities during the year ended March 31, 2018 was $26.5 million, primarily as a result of acquisitions of $11.3 million, purchases of property and equipment of $11.6 million, and capitalized software additions of $3.6 million. Financing Activities Cash provided by financing activities during the year ended March 31, 2020 was $329.4 million, primarily as a result of net proceeds from our initial public offering of $590.3 million and a contribution received for our tax obligation generated by our reorganization transactions of $265.0 million, which were partially offset by repayments of our Term Loans of $515.2 million, settlement of deferred offering costs of $5.0 million, and installments related to an acquisition of $4.7 million. Cash used in financing activities during the year ended March 31, 2019 was $161.5 million, primarily as a result of payments to related parties of $1,177.0 million, repayments on our Term Loans of $83.9 million, debt issuance costs of $16.3 million and equity repurchases of $0.6 million, partially offset by $1,120.0 million in proceeds from Term Loans. Cash used in financing activities during the year ended March 31, 2018 was $75.5 million, primarily as a result of payments to related parties of $74.6 million and equity repurchases of $0.9 million. 60 Table of Contents Under various agreements, we are obligated to make future cash payments. These include payments under our long-term debt agreements, rent payments required under operating lease agreements, interest obligations on our Term Loans, and other contractual commitments. The following table summarizes our payments under contractual obligations as of March 31, 2020: Contractual Obligations and Commitments Operating lease obligations First Lien Term Loan - principal (1) First Lien Term Loan - interest (2) Revolving credit facility (3) Total Payments Due by Period Total Less than 1 Year 1 to 3 Years 3 to 5 Years (in thousands) More than 5 Years $ $ 72,323 $ 14,210 $ 22,898 $ 18,884 $ 521,125 92,377 — — 17,116 — — 34,231 — — 34,278 — 16,331 521,125 6,752 — 685,825 $ 31,326 $ 57,129 $ 53,162 $ 544,208 ________________ (1) The amounts included in the table above represent principal maturities only. (2) Amounts represent estimated future interest payments on borrowings under our First Lien Term Loan, which were estimated using the interest rate effective at March 31, 2020 multiplied by the principal outstanding on March 31, 2020. The First Lien Term Loan consists of $521.1 million currently bearing interest at 3.2%. (3) As of March 31, 2020, we had no outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility, $15.3 million of letters of credit outstanding, and $44.7 million was available for borrowing under our revolving credit facility. As of March 31, 2020, we had accrued liabilities related to uncertain tax positions, which are reflected in our consolidated balance sheets. These accrued liabilities are not reflected in the table above since it is unclear when these liabilities will be repaid. We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of consolidated financial statements also requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made by our management. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected. We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with revenue recognition, share-based compensation, income taxes, goodwill, and impairment of long- lived assets have the greatest potential impact on our consolidated financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates. Accordingly, we believe these are the most critical to fully understand and evaluate our financial condition and results of operations. Revenue Recognition We recognize revenue from contracts with customers using the five-step method described in Note 2 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere in this Annual Report. At contract inception we evaluate whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as a single contract and whether the combined or single contract includes more than one performance obligation. We combine contracts entered into at or near the same time with the same customer if (i) we determine that the contracts are negotiated as a package with a single commercial objective, (ii) the amount of consideration to be paid in one contract depends on the price or performance of the other contract, or (iii) the services promised in the contracts are a single performance obligation. Our performance obligations consist of (i) subscription and support services, (ii) licenses for our Classic products, and (iii) professional and other services. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on their relative standalone selling price. We determine standalone selling price, or SSP, for all our performance obligations using observable inputs, such as standalone sales and historical contract pricing. SSP is consistent with our overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration the type of subscription services and professional and other services. SSP also reflects the amount we would charge for that performance obligation if it were sold separately in a standalone sale, and the price we would sell to similar customers in similar circumstances. We have determined that our pricing for software licenses and subscription services is highly variable and we therefore allocate the transaction price to those performance obligations using the residual approach. 61 Table of Contents In general, we satisfy the majority of our performance obligations over time as we transfer the promised services to our customers. We review the contract terms and conditions to evaluate (i) the timing and amount of revenue recognition, (ii) the related contract balances, and (iii) our remaining performance obligations. We also estimate the number of hours expected to be incurred based on an expected hours approach that considers historical hours incurred for similar projects based on the types and sizes of customers. These evaluations require significant judgment that could affect the timing and amount of revenue recognized. Share-based Compensation Compensation expense relating to share-based payments is recognized in earnings using a fair-value measurement method. We use the straight-line attribution method of recognizing compensation expense over the vesting period. The estimated fair value of equity awards is expensed on a straight-line basis over the period from grant date to remaining requisite service period which is generally the vesting period. Equity units classified as liability awards are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period until vested. In connection with our reorganization in the second quarter of fiscal 2020, equity units classified as liability awards were converted into shares of common stock, restricted stock, and restricted stock units and ceased to be classified as liability awards. Prior to our Initial Public Offering The fair value of each new equity award was estimated on the date of grant using the option-pricing model, or OPM, or a hybrid of the probability-weighted expected return method, or PWERM, and the OPM, which we refer to as the hybrid method. Use of the OPM model and hybrid method required that we make assumptions as to the volatility of our equity awards, the expected term to expiration or a liquidity event, and the risk-free interest rate for a period that approximates the expected term of our equity awards. The computation of expected volatility was based on the historical volatility of a group of publicly traded peer companies. We used the simplified method prescribed by SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share-Based Payment, to calculate the expected term of units granted to employees and directors. We based the expected term of options granted to non-employees on the contractual term of the units. We determined the risk-free interest rate by reference to the U.S. Constant Maturity Treasury yield curve in effect as of the valuation date with the maturity matching the expected term. The following key assumptions were used to determine the fair value of the equity units as of the valuation date: Expected volatility Expected term (years) Risk-free interest rate Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 2018 35% - 55% 0.5 - 1.25 50% - 60% 1.0 - 1.5 1.86% - 2.09% 2.33% - 2.40% 50% 2.5 2.34% Prior to our initial public offering, given the absence of a public trading market of our equity units and in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Accounting and Valuation Guide, Valuation of Privately-Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation, or the Practice Aid, our board of directors determined the fair value of our MIUs and AUs exercising reasonable judgment and considering numerous objective and subjective factors. These factors included: • • • • • • • • • independent third-party valuations of our equity units; the rights, preferences and privileges of each class of our equity units; our financial condition, results of operations and capital resources; the industry outlook; the valuation of comparable companies; the lack of marketability of our equity units; the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as an initial public offering or a sale of our company given prevailing market conditions; the history and nature of our business, industry trends and competitive environment; and general economic outlook including economic growth, inflation and unemployment, interest rate environment and global economic trends. 62 Table of Contents The enterprise value of our business was primarily estimated using a combination of income and market approaches. The income approach estimates the equity value of the business based on the cash flows that it expects to generate over its remaining life. These future cash flows are discounted to their present values using a rate of return appropriate for the risk of achieving the business’ projected cash flows. The present value of the estimated cash flows is then added to the present value equivalent of the residual value of the business at the end of the projected period to calculate the business enterprise value. The market approach considers market values of comparable public companies in a similar line of business that are publicly traded. The Practice Aid identifies various available methods for allocating enterprise value across classes and series of capital stock to determine the estimated fair value of common stock at each valuation date. In accordance with the Practice Aid, we considered the following methods: OPM. Under the OPM methodology, we utilized a Contingent Claim Analysis, or CCA, where each class of security is modeled as a call option with the unique claim on the assets of Dynatrace. The characteristics of each class of stock determine the uniqueness of each class of stock’s claim on the company’s assets, and these characteristics are modeled as distinct call options. Under this method, the equity unit has value only if the funds available for distribution to stockholders exceed the value of the liquidation preferences at the time of a liquidity event. A discount for lack of marketability of the equity unit is then applied to arrive at an indication of value for the equity unit. The OPM uses the Black-Scholes formula to price the call options. This model defines the fair values of equity units as functions of the current fair value of a company and uses assumptions such as the anticipated timing of a potential liquidity event and the estimated volatility of the equity units. PWERM. Under the PWERM methodology, the fair value of equity units is estimated based upon an analysis of future values for the company, assuming various outcomes. The equity unit value is based on the probability-weighted present value of expected future investment returns considering each of the possible outcomes available as well as the rights of each class of equity unit. The future value of the equity unit under each outcome is discounted back to the valuation date at an appropriate risk-adjusted discount rate and probability weighted to arrive at an indication of value for the equity unit. Hybrid Method. The hybrid method is a PWERM where the equity value is calculated using an OPM. In the hybrid method used by us, we considered an initial public offering as the other potential future liquidity event. The relative probability of the initial public offering scenario was determined based on an analysis of market conditions at the time and our expectations as to the timing and likely prospects of the initial public offering at each valuation date. We then discounted that future value back to the valuation date at an appropriate discount rate. Based on the company being privately held, and other relevant factors, our board of directors determined that the OPM was the most appropriate method for allocating our enterprise value to determine the estimated fair value of our equity awards for the valuations performed for fiscal 2018 which resulted in our board of directors determining that the fair value of our equity awards were $1.64. Following its determination in fiscal 2019 that we should explore a potential initial public offering, our board of directors determined that the Hybrid Method was the most appropriate method for allocating our enterprise value to determine the estimated fair value of our equity units for the valuation performed for fiscal 2019 which resulted in the fair value of our equity units being $5.45. Subsequent to our Initial Public Offering The fair value of each new equity award and purchase right under the employee stock purchase plan is estimated on the date of grant. We estimate the fair value of each option award and purchase right using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of restricted stock units and restricted stock awards is based on the closing price of our common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange. Our use of the Black-Scholes OPM model requires that we make assumptions as to the volatility of our stock options and purchase rights under our 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or the ESPP, the expected term to expiration or a liquidity event, and the risk-free interest rate for a period that approximates the expected term of our stock options and purchase rights under the ESPP. The computation of expected volatility was based on the historical volatility of a group of publicly traded peer companies. We expect to continue to do so until such time as we have adequate historical data regarding the volatility of our traded stock price. The computation of expected term for the stock options was based on the average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding, generally calculated as the midpoint of the stock options’ remaining vesting term and contractual expiration period, as we do not have sufficient historical information to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior. The computation of expected term for the purchase rights under the ESPP was based on the offering period, which is six months. We determined the risk-free interest rate based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for the expected life of the award. 63 Table of Contents The following weighted average key assumptions were used to determine the fair value of the stock options granted during the year ended March 31, 2020: Expected volatility Expected term (years) Risk-free interest rate March 31, 2020 37.1% - 38.9% 6.1 0.8% - 1.9% The following weighted average key assumptions were used to determine the fair value of ESPP purchase rights granted during the year ended March 31, 2020: Expected volatility Expected term (years) Risk-free interest rate Income Taxes March 31, 2020 35.9% 0.5 1.6% We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and credit carryforwards using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. We have the ability to permanently reinvest any earnings in our foreign subsidiaries and therefore do not record a deferred tax liability on any outside basis differences in our investments in subsidiaries. We record net deferred tax assets to the extent we believe that these assets will more likely than not be realized. These deferred tax assets are subject to periodic assessments as to recoverability, and if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the benefits will not be realized, valuation allowances are recorded which would reduce deferred tax assets. In making such determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. We account for uncertain tax positions based on those positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. We determine if the amount of available support indicates that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. We then measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement. We adjust reserves for our uncertain tax positions due to changing facts and circumstances. To the extent that the final outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will impact our tax provision in our consolidated statements of operations in the period in which such determination is made. Interest and penalties related to uncertain income tax positions are included in the income tax provision. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of net tangible and identified net assets acquired. Goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite lives are not amortized, but rather tested for impairment annually, as of January 1, or more often if and when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. In fiscal year 2019, we elected to early adopt ASU 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” for our annual goodwill impairment test. ASU 2017-04 removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test requiring a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment, if any, is determined by comparing the reporting unit’s fair value to its carrying value. An impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the reporting unit’s carrying value over its fair value, up to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. There were no impairments of goodwill during the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018. For the purpose of testing goodwill for impairment, all goodwill acquired in a business combination is assigned to one or more reporting units. A reporting unit represents an operating segment or a component within an operating segment for which discrete financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by segment management for performance assessment and resource allocation. Components of similar economic characteristics are aggregated into one reporting unit for the purpose of goodwill impairment assessment. Reporting units are identified annually and re-assessed periodically for recent acquisitions or any changes in segment reporting structure. We have determined that we operate as one reporting unit. 64 Table of Contents The fair value of a reporting unit is generally determined using a combination of the income approach and the market approach. For the income approach, fair value is determined based on the present value of estimated future after-tax cash flows, discounted at an appropriate risk-adjusted rate. We use our internal forecasts to estimate future after-tax cash flows and estimate the long-term growth rates based on our most recent views of the long-term outlook for each reporting unit. Actual results may differ from those assumed in our forecasts. We derive our discount rates using a capital asset pricing model and analyzing published rates for industries relevant to our reporting units to estimate the weighted average cost of capital. We adjust the discount rates for the risks and uncertainty inherent in the respective businesses and in our internally developed forecasts. For the market approach, we use a valuation technique in which values are derived based on valuation multiples of comparable publicly traded companies. We assess each valuation methodology based upon the relevance and availability of the data at the time we perform the valuation and weight the methodologies appropriately. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, including amortized intangibles, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset be tested for possible impairment, we first compare undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by an asset to the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. We estimate fair value using discounted cash flows and other market-related valuation models, including earnings multiples and comparable asset market values. If circumstances change or events occur to indicate that our fair market value has fallen below book value, then we will compare the estimated fair value of long-lived assets (including goodwill) to its book value. If the book value exceeds the estimated fair value, we will recognize the difference as an impairment loss in our consolidated statements of operations. We did not incur any impairment losses during the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018. Recent Accounting Pronouncements See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of our accompanying audited consolidated statements included in this Annual Report for a description of recently issued accounting pronouncements. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK We are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily a result of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates and inflation. We do not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. Foreign Currency Exchange Risk Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, and the functional currency of each of our subsidiaries is either its local currency or the U.S. dollar, depending on the circumstances. Due to our international operations, we have foreign currency risks related to operating expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, particularly the euro. Additionally, fluctuations in foreign currencies impact the amount of total assets, liabilities, and cash flows that we report for our foreign subsidiaries upon the translation of these amounts into U.S. dollars. Decreases in the relative value of the U.S. dollar to other currencies may negatively affect our operating results as expressed in U.S. dollars. Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates because, although a significant portion of our revenue is generated in U.S. dollars, our expenses are generally denominated in the currencies of the jurisdictions in which we conduct our operations, which are primarily in the United States, Europe and Asia. Our results of operations and cash flows could therefore be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign exchange rates. We do not believe that an immediate 10% increase or decrease in the relative value of the U.S. dollar to other currencies would have a material effect on our results of operations or cash flows, and to date, we have not engaged in any hedging strategies with respect to foreign currency transactions. As our international operations grow, we will continue to reassess our approach to manage our risk relating to fluctuations in currency rates, and we may choose to engage in the hedging of foreign currency transactions in the future. Interest Rate Risk We had cash and cash equivalents of $213.2 million and $51.3 million as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, consisting of bank deposits, commercial paper, and money market funds. These interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. To date, fluctuations in our interest income have not been significant. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes and have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risk exposure. Due to the short-term nature of these investments, we have not been exposed to, nor do we anticipate being exposed to, material risks due to changes in interest rates. 65 Table of Contents At March 31, 2020, we also had in place a $60.0 million revolving credit facility, with availability of $44.7 million, and $521.1 million in term loans. The revolving credit facility and the term loan bear interest based on the adjusted LIBOR rate, as defined in the agreement, plus an applicable margin, equivalent to 3.2% at March 31, 2020. A hypothetical 10% change in interest rates during any of the periods presented would not have had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Inflation Risk We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations because substantially all of our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars, which have not been subject to material currency inflation, and our operating expenses that are denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars have not been subject to material currency inflation. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Shareholders and Board of Directors Dynatrace, Inc. Waltham, Massachusetts Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Dynatrace, Inc. (the “Company”) and subsidiaries as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, shareholders’ equity/member’s deficit, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company and subsidiaries at March 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Basis for Opinion These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. We have served as the Company's auditor since 2015. /s/ BDO USA, LLP Troy, Michigan May 27, 2020 66 Table of Contents DYNATRACE, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, except share data) Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts Deferred commissions, current Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Property and equipment, net Goodwill Other intangible assets, net Deferred tax assets, net Deferred commissions, non-current Other assets Total assets Liabilities and shareholders' equity / member's deficit Current liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued expenses, current Current portion of long-term debt Deferred revenue, current Payable to related party Total current liabilities Deferred revenue, non-current Accrued expenses, non-current Deferred tax liabilities Long-term debt, net of current portion Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) Shareholders' equity / member's deficit: Common shares, $0.001 par value, 600,000,000 shares authorized, 280,853,040 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 Common units, no par value, 100 units authorized, issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 Additional paid-in capital Accumulated deficit Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total shareholders' equity / member's deficit March 31, 2020 2019 $ 213,170 $ 157,058 38,509 61,188 469,925 31,508 1,270,733 201,592 20,460 39,736 8,126 51,314 115,431 27,705 18,768 213,218 17,925 1,270,120 259,123 10,678 31,545 8,757 $ $ 2,042,080 $ 1,811,366 11,112 $ 93,728 — 384,060 — 488,900 60,711 20,987 — 509,985 1,080,583 281 — 1,573,347 (594,026) (18,105) 961,497 6,559 64,920 9,500 272,772 597,150 950,901 92,973 98,359 47,598 1,011,793 2,201,624 — — (184,546) (176,002) (29,710) (390,258) Total liabilities and shareholders' equity / member's deficit $ 2,042,080 $ 1,811,366 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements 67 Table of Contents DYNATRACE, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In thousands, except per share data) Revenue: Subscription License Service Total revenue Cost of revenue: Cost of subscription Cost of service Amortization of acquired technology Total cost of revenue Gross profit Operating expenses: Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Amortization of other intangibles Restructuring and other Total operating expenses Loss from operations Interest expense, net Other (expense) income, net Loss before income taxes Income tax (expense) benefit Net (loss) income Net (loss) income per share: Basic and diluted Weighted average shares outstanding: Basic and diluted Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 2018 $ 487,817 $ 349,830 $ 12,686 45,300 545,803 73,193 39,289 16,449 128,931 416,872 119,281 266,175 161,983 40,280 1,092 588,811 (171,939) (45,397) (1,197) (218,533) (199,491) 40,354 40,782 430,966 56,934 31,529 18,338 106,801 324,165 76,759 178,886 91,778 47,686 1,763 396,872 (72,707) (69,845) 2,641 (139,911) 23,717 (418,024) $ (116,194) $ 257,576 98,756 41,715 398,047 48,270 30,316 17,948 96,534 301,513 58,320 145,350 64,114 50,498 4,990 323,272 (21,759) (35,220) 5,204 (51,775) 60,997 9,222 $ $ (1.58) $ (0.49) $ 0.04 264,933 235,939 231,956 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements 68 Table of Contents DYNATRACE, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME (In thousands) Net (loss) income Other comprehensive income (loss) Foreign currency translation adjustment Effect of reorganization Total other comprehensive income (loss) Comprehensive (loss) income Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 2018 (418,024) $ (116,194) $ 9,222 4,982 6,623 11,605 (3,912) — (3,912) (406,419) $ (120,106) $ (8,680) — (8,680) 542 $ $ See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements 69 Table of Contents DYNATRACE, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY / MEMBER’S DEFICIT (In thousands) Common Shares Shares Amount Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Deficit Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Shareholders’ Equity / Member’s Deficit Balance, March 31, 2017 — $ — $ (178,358) $ (69,030) $ (17,118) $ (264,506) Foreign currency translation, net of tax Transfers to related parties Equity repurchases Net income (3,920) (806) 9,222 (8,680) (8,680) (3,920) (806) 9,222 Balance, March 31, 2018 — $ — $ (183,084) $ (59,808) $ (25,798) $ (268,690) Foreign currency translation, net of tax Transfers to related parties Equity repurchases Net loss (813) (649) (116,194) Balance, March 31, 2019 — $ — $ (184,546) $ (176,002) $ (29,710) $ (3,912) (3,912) 4,982 4,982 600,622 600,622 Foreign currency translation, net of tax Reclassification of related party payable upon reorganization Issuance of common stock in connection with initial public offering, net of underwriters' discounts and commissions and issuance costs Effect of reorganization Contribution for taxes associated with reorganization Restricted stock units vested Restricted stock awards forfeited Share-based compensation Equity repurchases Net loss 38,873 241,547 39 242 585,258 271,383 6,623 265,000 503 (70) — — 35,786 (156) (418,024) Balance, March 31, 2020 280,853 $ 281 $ 1,573,347 $ (594,026) $ (18,105) $ See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements 70 (813) (649) (116,194) (390,258) 585,297 278,248 265,000 — — 35,786 (156) (418,024) 961,497 Table of Contents DYNATRACE, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) Cash flows from operating activities: Net (loss) income Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to cash (used in) provided by operations: Depreciation Amortization Share-based compensation Deferred income taxes Other Net change in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable Deferred commissions Prepaid expenses and other assets Accounts payable and accrued expenses Deferred revenue Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Purchase of property and equipment Capitalized software additions Acquisitions, net of cash acquired Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriters' discounts and commissions Offering costs Proceeds from term loans Debt issuance costs Repayment of term loans Payments to related parties Contribution for tax associated with reorganization Equity repurchases Installments related to acquisitions Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents, end of year Supplemental cash flow data: Cash paid for interest Cash paid for tax, net Noncash investing and financing activities: Installments due related to acquisition Reclassification of related party payable upon reorganization Transactions with related parties Modification of MIU Plan awards Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 2018 $ (418,024) $ (116,194) $ 9,222 7,864 58,457 222,478 (59,276) 6,129 (44,021) (20,107) (39,737) 52,415 91,367 (142,455) (19,721) (892) — (20,613) 590,297 (5,000) — (866) (515,189) 7,319 72,792 71,151 (34,214) (1,140) 17,979 (19,968) (12,401) 34,787 127,030 147,141 (7,377) (1,873) — (9,250) — — 1,120,000 (16,288) (83,871) 8,783 73,455 22,294 (73,196) 400 (14,727) (14,062) 1,996 26,797 77,876 118,838 (11,606) (3,623) (11,302) (26,531) — — — — — — (1,177,021) (74,616) 265,000 (156) (4,694) 329,392 — (649) (3,653) (161,482) (4,468) (2,676) 161,856 (26,267) 51,314 213,170 $ 77,581 51,314 $ 39,568 $ 266,708 $ — $ 600,622 $ — $ 278,248 $ 40,969 $ 5,928 $ — $ — $ 14,263 $ — $ — (885) — (75,501) 2,827 19,633 57,948 77,581 38 12,906 8,488 — 35,168 — $ $ $ $ $ $ $ See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements 71 Table of Contents 1. Description of the Business Business DYNATRACE, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Dynatrace, Inc. (“Dynatrace”, or the “Company”) offers a software intelligence platform, purpose-built for multi-cloud environments. As enterprises embrace the cloud to effect their digital transformation, the Company’s all-in-one intelligence platform is designed to address the growing complexity faced by technology and digital business teams. The Company’s platform does so by utilizing artificial intelligence at its core and continuous automation to provide answers, not just data, about the performance of applications, the underlying hybrid cloud infrastructure, and the experience of its customers’ users. The Company designed its software intelligence platform to allow its customers to modernize and automate IT operations, develop and release high quality software faster, and improve user experiences for better business outcomes. Thoma Bravo (“TB”), a private equity investment firm, completed its acquisition of Compuware Corporation on December 15, 2014. Following the acquisition, Compuware Corporation was restructured following which Compuware Parent, LLC became the owner of Dynatrace Holding Corporation (“DHC”), under which the Compuware and Dynatrace businesses were separated, establishing Dynatrace as a standalone business. Following the corporate reorganization described below, Dynatrace became wholly owned by Dynatrace, Inc. (formerly Dynatrace Holdings LLC). Fiscal year The Company’s fiscal year ends on March 31. References to Fiscal 2020, for example, refer to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. 2. Significant Accounting Policies Basis of presentation and consolidation Prior to July 30, 2019, Dynatrace Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, was an indirect equity holder of DHC that indirectly and wholly owned Dynatrace, LLC. On July 31, 2019, Dynatrace Holdings LLC (i) converted into a Delaware corporation with the name Dynatrace, Inc. and (ii) through a series of corporate reorganization steps, became the parent company of DHC. Additionally, as part of the reorganization, two wholly owned subsidiaries of DHC, Compuware Corporation (“Compuware”) and SIGOS LLC (“SIGOS”), were spun out from the corporate structure to the DHC shareholders. As a result of these transactions, DHC is a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Dynatrace, Inc. These reorganization steps are collectively referred to as the “reorganization.” In connection with the reorganization, the equity holders of Compuware Parent, LLC received 222,021,708 units of Dynatrace Holdings LLC in exchange for their equity interests in Compuware Parent, LLC based on the fair value of a unit of Dynatrace Holdings LLC on July 30, 2019, which was determined to be $16.00 per unit by a committee of the board of managers of Dynatrace Holdings LLC, and all of the outstanding units of Dynatrace Holdings LLC then converted into shares of Dynatrace, Inc. Additionally, 19,525,510 units of Dynatrace Holdings LLC were issued upon exchange of Dynatrace, LLC Management Incentive Units (“MIUs”) and Appreciation Units (“AUs”) for a total of 241,547,218 outstanding units in Dynatrace Holdings LLC immediately prior to the closing of the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”). The reorganization was completed between entities that have been under common control since December 15, 2014. Therefore, these financial statements retroactively reflect DHC and Dynatrace, Inc. on a consolidated basis for the periods presented. The spin-offs of Compuware Corporation and SIGOS LLC from DHC have been accounted for retroactively as a change in reporting entity and accordingly, these financial statements exclude their accounts and results. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the accompanying financial statements. The income tax amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been calculated based on a separate return methodology and presented as if the Company’s operations were separate taxpayers in the respective jurisdictions. As described in Note 17, prior to the reorganization the consolidated financial statements reflected the debt and debt service associated with subordinated demand promissory notes payable of DHC to a related party. The financial statements also reflect certain expenses incurred by the Company for certain functions including shared services for the periods prior to the reorganization, which are immaterial to these financial statements. These expenses were allocated to Dynatrace on the basis of direct usage when identifiable, and for resources indirectly used by Dynatrace. Allocations were based on a proportional cost allocation methodology to reflect estimated usage by Dynatrace. Management considers the allocation methodology and results to be reasonable for all periods presented. However, the financial information presented in these financial statements may not reflect the consolidated financial position, operating results and cash flows of Dynatrace had the Dynatrace business been a separate stand-alone entity during all of the periods presented. Actual costs that would have been incurred if Dynatrace had been a stand-alone company would depend on multiple factors, including organizational structure and strategic decisions made in various areas. 72 Table of Contents Initial Public Offering On August 1, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering, in which it sold and issued 38,873,174 shares of common stock, inclusive of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares that was exercised in full, at an issue price of $16.00 per share. The Company received a total of $622.0 million in gross proceeds from the offering, or approximately $585.3 million in net proceeds after deducting approximately $36.7 million for underwriting discounts, commissions and offering-related expenses. The IPO also included the sale of 2.1 million shares of common stock, by selling stockholders, inclusive of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares that was exercised in full. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the sale of common stock by the selling stockholders. Prior to the closing of the IPO, the 241,547,218 outstanding units of Dynatrace Holdings, LLC were converted on a one-for-one basis into shares of common stock in accordance with the terms of the certificate of incorporation. Follow-on offerings by selling stockholders On December 10, 2019, the Company completed a follow-on offering for the sale of 31,625,000 shares of common stock by selling stockholders, inclusive of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares that was exercised in full, at an offering price of $24.75 per share. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the sale of common stock by the selling stockholders. On February 25, 2020, the Company completed a second follow-on offering for the sale of 25,000,000 shares of common stock by selling stockholders at an offering price of $34.50 per share. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the sale of common stock by the selling stockholders. Foreign currency translation The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar (“USD”). The functional currency of the Company’s principal foreign subsidiaries is the currency of the country in which each entity operates. Accordingly, assets and liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet have been translated at the rate of exchange at the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses have been translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the period the transactions occurred. Translation adjustments have been excluded from the results of operations and are reported as accumulated other comprehensive loss within the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity / member’s deficit. Transaction gains and losses generated by the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on recorded assets and liabilities denominated in a currency different than the functional currency of the applicable entity are recorded in “Other (expense) income, net” in the consolidated statements of operations. Use of estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Management periodically evaluates such estimates and assumptions for continued reasonableness. In particular, the Company makes estimates with respect to the stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation in customer contracts with multiple performance obligations, the uncollectible accounts receivable, the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired, and liabilities assumed in a business combination, valuation of long-lived assets, equity-based compensation expense and income taxes, among other things. Appropriate adjustments, if any, to the estimates used are made prospectively based upon such periodic evaluation. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The World Health Organization declared in March 2020 that the recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease named COVID-19 constitutes a pandemic. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s operational and financial performance will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak and impact on the Company’s customers and its sales cycles, which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. As of the date of issuance of the financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to its estimates, judgments or revise the carrying value of its assets or liabilities. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained, and are recognized in the consolidated financial statements as soon as they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material to our financial statements. Segment information The Company operates as one operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its chief executive officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance and allocating resources. 73 Table of Contents Business combinations When the Company acquires a business, management allocates the purchase price to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Any residual purchase price is recorded as goodwill. The allocation of the purchase price requires management to make significant estimates in determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, especially with respect to intangible assets. These estimates can include but are not limited to, the cash flows that an asset is expected to generate in the future, the appropriate weighted average cost of capital and the cost savings expected to be derived from acquiring an asset. Deferred offering costs Deferred offering costs consist primarily of legal, accounting, printer, and other direct fees and costs related to the Company’s initial public offering. Prior to the IPO, all deferred offering costs were capitalized in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” in the consolidated balance sheets. After the IPO, all deferred offering costs were reclassified into shareholders’ equity as a reduction of the IPO proceeds in the consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2019, the Company had capitalized $1.6 million of offering costs which are included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” in the consolidated balance sheets. During the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company completed its IPO and reclassified $5.0 million of offering costs into shareholders’ equity. Revenue recognition The Company elected to early adopt Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 (“ASC 606”), Revenue from Contracts with Customers, effective April 1, 2018, using the full retrospective transition method. Under this method, the Company is presenting the consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2018 as if ASC 606 had been effective for that period. The Company applied a practical expedient not to disclose the amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less. The Company sells software licenses, subscriptions, maintenance and support, and professional services together in contracts with its customers, which include end-customers and channel partners. The Company’s software license agreements provide customers with a right to use software perpetually or for a defined term. As required under applicable accounting principles, the goods and services that the Company promises to transfer to a customer are accounted for separately if they are distinct from one another. Promised items that are not distinct are bundled as a combined performance obligation. The transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations based on the relative estimated standalone selling prices of those performance obligations. In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps: 1. 2. Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer The Company considers the terms and conditions of the contract in identifying the contracts. The Company determines a contract with a customer to exist when the contract is approved, each party’s rights regarding the services to be transferred can be identified, the payment terms for the services can be identified, it has been determined the customer has the ability and intent to pay, and the contract has commercial substance. At contract inception, the Company will evaluate whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as a single contract and whether the combined or single contract includes more than one performance obligation. The Company applies judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intent to pay, which is based on a variety of factors, including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, credit, and financial information pertaining to the customer. Identification of the performance obligations in the contract Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the services and the products that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the services and the products is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. The Company’s performance obligations consist of (i) software licenses, (ii) subscription services, (ii) maintenance and support for software licenses, and (iv) professional services. 3. Determination of the transaction price The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring services to the customer. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. The Company’s contracts do not contain a significant financing component. 74 Table of Contents 4. Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price (“SSP”) for arrangements not including software licenses or subscription services. The Company has determined that its pricing for software licenses and subscription services is highly variable and therefore allocates the transaction price to those performance obligations using the residual approach. 5. Recognition of revenue when, or as a performance obligation is satisfied Revenue is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the control of the promised service to a customer. Revenue is recognized when control of the service is transferred to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those services. Subscription Subscription revenue relates to performance obligations for which the Company recognizes revenue over time as control of the product or service is transferred to the customer. Subscription revenue includes arrangements that permit customers to access and utilize the Company’s hosted software delivered on a software-as-a- service (“SaaS”) basis, term-based and perpetual licenses of the Company’s Dynatrace Software, as well as maintenance. The when-and-if available updates of the Dynatrace Software, which are part of the maintenance agreement, are critical to the continued utility of the Dynatrace Software; therefore, the Company has determined the Dynatrace Software and the related when-and-if available updates to be a combined performance obligation. Accordingly, when Dynatrace Software is sold under a term-based license, the revenue associated with this combined performance obligation is recognized ratably over the license term as maintenance is included for the duration of the license term. The Company has determined that perpetual licenses of Dynatrace Software provide customers with a material right to acquire additional goods or services that they would not receive without entering into the initial contract as the renewal option for maintenance services allows the customer to extend the utility of the Dynatrace Software without having to again make the initial payment of the perpetual software license fee. The associated material right is deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the expected optional maintenance renewals. Subscription revenue also includes maintenance services relating to the Company’s Classic offerings as that revenue is recognized over time given that our obligation is a stand-ready obligation to provide customer support and when-and-if available updates to the Classic software as well as certain other stand-ready obligations. License License revenue relates to performance obligations for which the Company recognizes revenue at the point that the license is transferred to the customer. License revenue includes these perpetual and term-based licenses that relate to the Company’s Classic offerings (“Classic Software Licenses”), which are focused on traditional customer approaches to building, operating and monitoring software in less dynamic environments. The Company requires customers purchasing perpetual licenses of Classic Software and Dynatrace Software, as defined below, to also purchase maintenance services covering at least one year from the beginning of the perpetual license. The Company has determined that the Classic Software Licenses and the related maintenance services are separate performance obligations with different patterns of recognition. Revenue from Classic Software Licenses is recognized upon delivery of the license. Revenue from maintenance is recognized over the period of time of the maintenance agreement and is included in “Subscription”. Service The Company offers implementation, consulting and training services for the Company’s software solutions and SaaS offerings. Services fees are generally based on hourly rates. Revenues from services are recognized in the period the services are performed, provided that collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured. Deferred commissions Deferred sales commissions earned by the Company’s sales force are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions for new contracts are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit which the Company has estimated to be three years. The period of benefit has been determined by taking into consideration the duration of customer contracts, the life of the technology, renewals of maintenance and other factors. Sales commissions for renewal contracts are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over the related contractual renewal period. Amortization expense is included in “Sales and marketing” expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. The Company periodically reviews these deferred costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the period of benefit of these deferred commissions. There were no impairment losses recorded during the periods presented. 75 Table of Contents Deferred revenue Deferred revenue consists primarily of billed subscription and maintenance fees related to the future service period of subscription and maintenance agreements in effect at the reporting date. Deferred licenses are also included in deferred revenue for those billed arrangements that are being recognized over time. Short-term deferred revenue represents the unearned revenue that will be earned within twelve months of the balance sheet date; whereas, long-term deferred revenue represents the unearned revenue that will be earned after twelve months from the balance sheet date. Payment terms Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although the Company’s terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 60 days. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of payment, the Company has determined that its contracts do not include a significant financing component. The primary purpose of invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing products and services, not to receive financing from customers or to provide customers with financing. Contract modification Contract modifications are assessed to determine (i) if the additional goods and services are distinct from the goods and services in the original arrangement; and (ii) if the amount of the consideration expected for the added goods and services reflects the stand-alone selling price of those goods and services, as adjusted for contract-specific circumstances. A contract modification meeting both criteria is accounted for as a separate contract. A contract modification not meeting both criteria is considered a change to the original contract, which the Company accounts for on a prospective basis as a termination for contract specific circumstances. The Company’s additional goods and services offered have historically been distinct. If such additional goods and services reflect their stand-alone selling price, the Company accounts for the modification as a separate contract. If such additional goods and services do not reflect their stand-alone selling price, the Company accounts for the modification prospectively as a termination of the existing contract and the creation of a new contract. Cost of revenues Cost of subscription Cost of subscription revenue includes all direct costs to deliver the Company’s subscription products including salaries, benefits, share-based compensation and related expenses such as employer taxes, allocated overhead for facilities, IT, third-party hosting fees related to the Company’s cloud services, and amortization of internally developed capitalized software technology. The Company recognizes these expenses as they are incurred. Cost of service Cost of service revenue includes salaries, benefits, share-based compensation and related expenses such as employer taxes for our services organization, allocated overhead for depreciation of equipment, facilities and IT, and amortization of acquired intangible assets. The Company recognizes expense related to its services organization as they are incurred. Amortization of acquired technology Amortization of acquired technology includes amortization expense for technology acquired in business combinations. Research and development Research and development (“R&D”) costs, which primarily include the cost of programming personnel, including share-based compensation, amounted to $119.3 million, $76.8 million, and $58.3 million during the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. R&D costs related to the Company’s software solutions are reported as “Research and development” in the consolidated statements of operations. Advertising Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in “Sales and marketing” expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Advertising expense was $5.7 million, $2.1 million, and $1.8 million during the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Leases The Company primarily leases facilities under operating leases. For leases that contain rent escalation or rent concession provisions, rent expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The difference between the rent paid and the straight-line rent expense is recorded as current and non-current deferred rent liability, as appropriate on the consolidated balance sheets. Rent expense, 76 Table of Contents exclusive of sublease income, for operating leases was $14.0 million, $11.3 million, and $8.7 million for the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Sublease income was $4.5 million, $4.3 million, and $2.5 million for the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Restructuring expense The Company defines restructuring expense as costs directly associated with exit or disposal activities. Such costs include employee severance and termination benefits, contract termination fees and penalties, and other exit or disposal costs. In general, the Company records involuntary employee-related exit and disposal costs when there is a substantive plan for employee severance and related costs are probable and estimable. For one-time termination benefits (i.e., no substantive plan) and employee retention costs, expense is recorded when the employees are entitled to receive such benefits and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Contract termination fees and penalties and other exit and disposal costs are generally recorded when incurred. Concentration of credit risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts that, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. There is presently no concentration of credit risk for customers as no individual entity represented more than 10% of the balance in accounts receivable as of March 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 or 10% of revenue for the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Cash and cash equivalents All highly-liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased are considered cash and cash equivalents. Accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts The Company continuously assesses the collectability of outstanding customer invoices and in doing so, assesses the need to maintain an allowance for estimated losses resulting from the non-collection of customer receivables. In estimating this allowance, the Company considers factors such as: historical collection experience, a customer’s current creditworthiness, customer concentrations, age of outstanding balances, both individually and in the aggregate, and existing economic conditions. Actual customer collections could differ from the Company’s estimates. Allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $3.1 million and $3.4 million, and is classified as “Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts” in the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Property and equipment, net The Company states property and equipment, net, at the acquisition cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the useful lives of the assets or the related lease. The following table presents the estimated useful lives of the Company’s property and equipment: Computer equipment and software Furniture and fixtures Leasehold improvements 3 - 5 years 5 - 10 years Shorter of the useful life of the asset or the lease term Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate their carrying value may not be recoverable. When such events or circumstances arise, an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows produced by the asset, or the appropriate grouping of assets, is compared to the asset’s carrying value to determine if an impairment exists. If the asset is determined to be impaired, the impairment loss is measured based on the excess of its carrying value over its fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying value or net realizable value. There was no impairment of property and equipment during the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Goodwill and other intangible assets The Company’s goodwill and intangible assets primarily relate to the push-down of such assets relating to Thoma Bravo’s December 15, 2014 acquisition of Compuware Corporation based on their relative fair values at the date of acquisition. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the fair value of the underlying net tangible and intangible assets. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of the Company’s fiscal year, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. Triggering events that may indicate impairment include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in customer demand or business climate that could affect the value of goodwill 77 Table of Contents or a significant decrease in expected cash flows. Since the Company’s acquisition by Thoma Bravo through March 31, 2020, the Company did not have any goodwill impairment. Intangible assets consist primarily of customer relationships, developed technology, trade names and trademarks, all of which have a finite useful life, as well as goodwill. Intangible assets are amortized based on either the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are estimated to be realized or on a straight-line basis, which approximates the manner in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset will be consumed. Capitalized software The Company’s capitalized software includes the costs of internally developed software technology and software technology purchased through acquisition. Internally developed software technology consists of development costs associated with software products to be sold (“software products”) and internal use software associated with hosted software. Costs associated with the development of software technology are expensed prior to the establishment of technological feasibility and capitalized thereafter until the related software technology is available for general release to customers. Technological feasibility is established when management has authorized and committed to funding a project and it is probable that the project will be completed, and the software will be used to perform the function intended. For internal use software, capitalization begins during the application development stage. The Company capitalized $0.9 million, $1.9 million, and $3.6 million for internally developed software technology during the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and is recorded within “Other intangible assets, net” in the consolidated balance sheets. The amortization of capitalized software technology is computed on a project-by-project basis. The annual amortization is the greater of the amount computed using (a) the ratio of current gross revenues compared with the total of current and anticipated future revenues for the software technology or (b) the straight-line method over the remaining estimated economic life of the software technology, including the period being reported on. Amortization begins when the software technology is available for general release to customers. The amortization period for capitalized software is generally three to five years. Amortization of internally developed capitalized software technology is $1.7 million, $6.8 million, and $5.0 million during the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and is recorded within “Cost of subscription” in the consolidated statements of operations. Impairment of long-lived assets Long-lived assets, including amortized intangibles, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by an asset to the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Fair value is estimated by the Company using discounted cash flows and other market-related valuation models, including earnings multiples and comparable asset market values. If circumstances change or events occur to indicate that the Company’s fair market value has fallen below book value, the Company will compare the estimated fair value of long-lived assets (including goodwill) to its book value. If the book value exceeds the estimated fair value, the Company will recognize the difference as an impairment loss in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company did not incur any impairment losses during the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and credit carryforwards using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company has the ability to permanently reinvest any earnings in its foreign subsidiaries and therefore does not recognize any deferred tax liabilities that arise from outside basis differences in its investment in subsidiaries. The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent it believes these assets will more likely than not be realized. These deferred tax assets are subject to periodic assessments as to recoverability and if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the benefits will not be realized, valuation allowances are recorded which would reduce deferred tax assets. In making such determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. Interest and penalties related to uncertain income tax positions are included in the income tax provision. 78 Table of Contents Fair value of assets and liabilities Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the financial statements are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Hierarchical levels which are directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to the valuation of these assets or liabilities are as follows: • • • Level 1: Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets; Level 2: Observable inputs, other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s own assumptions incorporated in valuation techniques used to determine fair value. These assumptions are required to be consistent with market participant assumptions that are reasonably available. The Company’s carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other current liabilities approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. Share-based compensation Prior to the IPO, certain employees were granted management incentive units and appreciation units which made a holder eligible to participate in distributions of cash, property, or securities of Compuware Parent LLC made in respect of the Company (whether by way of dividend, repurchase, recapitalization, or otherwise). In the event the employee was no longer employed by the Company, including due to a change in control, as defined, all the MIUs and AUs were subject to a repurchase arrangement, at the discretion of the Company, Compuware Parent LLC, or Thoma Bravo and certain Thoma Bravo affiliated funds that held equity in Compuware Parent LLC (collectively, “TB”). There were no distributions during the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. The MIUs and AUs were settled in cash and were accounted for as liability-based awards. Liabilities for awards under these plans were required to be measured at fair value at each reporting date until the date of settlement. The fair value of the equity units underlying the MIUs and AUs was determined by the board of managers as there was no public market for the equity units. The board of managers determined the fair value of the Company’s equity units by considering a number of objective and subjective factors including: the valuation of comparable companies, the Company’s operating and financial performance, the lack of liquidity of common stock, and general and industry specific economic outlook, amongst other factors. The liability for these share-based awards was recorded in “Accrued expenses, non-current” on the consolidated balance sheets for the year ended March 31, 2019. In connection with the reorganization during the second quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company converted all outstanding MIUs and AUs into common stock, restricted stock, or restricted stock units (“RSUs”) of Dynatrace, Inc. After the IPO, the Company uses the publicly quoted price as reported on the New York Stock Exchange as the fair value of its common stock. The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments, including stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, and the purchase rights under the employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP”), based on the estimated grant-date fair value of the award. The fair value is recognized as an expense following the straight-line attribution method over the requisite service period of the entire award for stock options, restricted stock, and RSUs; and over the offering period for the purchase rights issued under the ESPP. The Company calculates the fair value of stock options and the purchase rights under the ESPP using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. This requires the input of assumptions, including the fair value of the Company’s underlying common stock, the expected term of stock options and purchase rights, the expected volatility of the price of the Company’s common stock, risk-free interest rates, and the expected dividend yield of the Company’s common stock. The assumptions used in the Company’s option-pricing model represent its best estimates. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. If factors change and different assumptions are used, the Company’s stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. The resulting fair value, net of actual forfeitures, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. Excess tax benefits of awards related to awards exercises are recognized as an income tax benefit in the income statement and reflected in operating activities in the statement of cash flows. Share-based compensation cost that has been included in income from continuing operations amounted to $222.5 million, $71.2 million, and $22.3 million for the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. The total income tax benefit recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for share-based compensation arrangements was zero, $4.8 million, and $0.7 million for the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. 79 Table of Contents Net (loss) income per share Basic net (loss) income per share attributable to common shareholders is calculated by dividing the net (loss) income attributable to common shareholders for the period by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net (loss) income per share includes the dilutive effect of common share equivalents and is calculated using the weighted-average number of common shares and the common share equivalents outstanding during the reporting period. An anti-dilutive impact is an increase in net income per share or a reduction in net loss per share resulting from the conversion, exercise, or contingent issuance of certain securities. For the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, basic and diluted net (loss) income per share have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reorganization transactions described in Note 2. Reclassification Certain reclassifications of prior period amounts have been made in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and notes to the consolidated financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations. Recently issued accounting pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The amendments supersede current lease requirements in Topic 840 which require lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets as lease liabilities with corresponding right-of-use assets. The objective of Topic 842 is to establish the principles that lessees and lessors shall apply to report useful information to users of financial statements about the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from a lease. This new guidance is effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those periods, except for emerging growth companies who may elect to adopt the standard for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements that allows entities to recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company plans to elect this new transition guidance upon adoption of the standard on April 1, 2020. The Company will use the package of practical expedients which allows Dynatrace to not (1) reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are considered or contain leases; (2) reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (3) reassess the initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company expects that this standard will have a material effect on its consolidated balance sheets. While the Company continues to assess all of the effects of adoption, the Company currently believes the most significant effects relate to the recognition of new right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for the Company’s office space operating leases. The right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities will be based on the present value of future minimum lease payments. The adoption is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated statements of operations. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected credit loss model and requires a financial asset measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company does not expect the standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract; Disclosures for Implementation Costs Incurred for Internal-Use Software and Cloud Computing Arrangements, which aligns the accounting for implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the accounting for implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software under ASC 350-40, in order to determine which costs to capitalize and recognize as an asset. ASU 2018-15 is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2020, and can be applied either prospectively to implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption or retrospectively to all arrangements. The Company is currently evaluating the effects the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which removes certain exceptions for investments, intraperiod allocations and interim calculations, and adds guidance to reduce complexity in accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the effects the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements. 80 Table of Contents 3. Revenue Recognition Disaggregation of revenue The following table is a summary of the Company’s total revenues by geographic region (in thousands, except percentages): North America $ Europe, Middle East and Africa Asia Pacific Latin America Total revenue Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 2018 Amount % Amount % Amount % 318,299 150,418 60,418 16,668 58% $ 28% 11% 3% 248,012 125,615 45,563 11,776 57% $ 29% 11% 3% 232,521 111,295 39,275 14,956 58% 28% 10% 4% $ 545,803 $ 430,966 $ 398,047 For the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the United States was the only country that represented more than 10% of the Company’s revenues in any period, constituting $299.5 million and 55%, $233.3 million and 54% and $216.6 million and 54% of total revenue, respectively. Deferred commissions The following table represents a rollforward of the Company’s deferred commissions (in thousands): Beginning balance Additions to deferred commissions Amortization of deferred commissions Ending Balance Deferred commissions, current Deferred commissions, non-current Total deferred commissions Deferred revenue Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 2018 59,250 $ 54,969 (35,974) 78,245 $ 38,509 39,736 78,245 $ 39,282 $ 43,212 (23,244) 59,250 $ 27,705 31,545 59,250 $ 25,219 30,835 (16,772) 39,282 18,763 20,519 39,282 $ $ $ Revenue recognized from amounts included in deferred revenue as of March 31, 2019 was $274.7 million during the year ended March 31, 2020. Revenue recognized from amounts included in deferred revenue as of March 31, 2018 was $211.4 million during the year ended March 31, 2019. Revenue recognized from amounts included in deferred revenue as of March 31, 2017 was $169.2 million during the year ended March 31, 2018. Remaining performance obligations As of March 31, 2020, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $859.7 million, which consists of both billed consideration in the amount of $444.8 million and unbilled consideration in the amount of $414.9 million that the Company expects to recognize as subscription and service revenue. The Company expects to recognize 58% of this amount as revenue in the year ended March 31, 2021 and 99% of this amount as revenue over the three years ending March 31, 2023 with the remaining 1% recognized thereafter. 4. Business Combinations In November 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of Qumram AG (Qumram), a Swiss company whose technology allows organizations to gain insight into user behavior and enhance customer experience by recording, analyzing and visually replaying user sessions, for an aggregate purchase price of $20.8 million. Total cash consideration net of cash acquired was $11.3 million. The Company recorded a payment obligation of $8.5 million, of which $4.8 million was classified as “Accrued expenses, current” in its consolidated balance sheet for the year ended March 31, 2019 and no purchase obligations are outstanding as of March 31, 2020. Of the total purchase price, $1.7 million was allocated to acquired technology and an immaterial amount to net tangible assets acquired, with the excess $18.7 million of the purchase price over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired recorded as goodwill. The Company also recognized transaction costs of approximately $0.2 million, which are included in “General and administrative” expense in its consolidated 81 Table of Contents statement of operations for the year ended March 31, 2018. The acquired technology has an estimated useful life of 6 years and is recorded within “ Other intangible assets, net” in the consolidated balance sheets. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method. Goodwill generated from the acquisition is attributable to expected synergies from future growth and potential future monetization opportunities, and is not deductible for tax purposes. Pro forma revenue and results of operations have not been presented because the historical results of Qumram were not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements in any period presented. 5. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands): Prepaid expenses Income taxes refundable Other Prepaid expenses and other current assets 6. Property and Equipment, Net March 31, 2020 2019 13,189 $ 47,489 510 61,188 $ 13,334 4,078 1,356 18,768 $ $ The following table summarizes, by major classification, the components of property and equipment (in thousands): Computer equipment and software Furniture and fixtures Leasehold improvements Other Total property and equipment Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization Property and equipment, net March 31, 2020 2019 19,550 $ 7,679 21,562 3,111 51,902 (20,394) 31,508 $ 37,745 6,701 11,741 1,260 57,447 (39,522) 17,925 $ $ Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment totaled $7.9 million, $7.3 million, and $8.8 million for the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. 7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill on a consolidated basis for fiscal 2020 consist of the following (in thousands): Balance, beginning of year Foreign currency impact Balance, end of year 82 March 31, 2020 $ $ 1,270,120 613 1,270,733 Table of Contents Other intangible assets, net excluding goodwill consist of the following (in thousands): Capitalized software Customer relationships Trademarks and tradenames Total intangible assets Less: accumulated amortization Total other intangible assets, net Weighted Average Useful Life (in months) 107 120 120 March 31, 2020 2019 $ 189,554 $ 351,555 55,003 596,112 (394,520) $ 201,592 $ 188,608 351,555 55,003 595,166 (336,043) 259,123 Amortization of other intangible assets totaled $58.5 million, $72.8 million, and $73.5 million for the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, the estimated future amortization expense of the Company’s other intangible assets in the table above is as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 $ $ 17,195 $ 15,938 $ 15,584 $ 15,277 $ 29,243 5,501 24,660 5,501 20,794 5,501 17,534 4,753 51,939 $ 46,099 $ 41,879 $ 37,564 $ 10,621 10,473 3,017 24,111 Capitalized software Customer relationships Trademarks and tradenames Total amortization 8. Income Taxes Income tax provision Loss before income taxes and the income tax (expense) benefit include the following (in thousands): Domestic Foreign Total The income tax provision includes the following (in thousands): Income tax expense (benefit) Federal State Foreign Total current tax position Federal State Foreign Total deferred tax provision Total income tax expense (benefit) Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 2018 (245,177) $ 26,644 (218,533) $ (163,385) $ 23,474 (139,911) $ (64,391) 12,616 (51,775) Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 2018 198,307 $ 47,992 12,468 258,767 (50,086) (5,839) (3,351) (59,276) 3,213 $ 575 5,920 9,708 (29,021) (5,464) 1,060 (33,425) 199,491 $ (23,717) $ (393) 1,198 11,638 12,443 (72,336) (990) (114) (73,440) (60,997) $ $ $ $ 83 Table of Contents The Company’s income tax expense of $199.5 million for the year ended March 31, 2020 differed from the amount computed on pre-tax loss at the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21.0%, because of non-deductible share-based compensation and the effects of the reorganization transactions, which produced gain on the difference between the fair market value of the Compuware assets distributed and the adjusted tax basis in such assets, generating a tax liability that was only partially offset by the use of U.S. foreign tax credits that previously were subject to a valuation allowance. The Company evaluated the provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) and recorded a $3.9 million tax benefit to the financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2020 exclusively related to the foreign derived intangible income (“FDII”). Refer to the tax legislation section below for further discussion of these legislative matters. The Company’s income tax benefit of $23.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2019 differed from the amount computed on pre-tax loss at the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21.0% primarily because of non-deductible share-based compensation, the effects of which were partially offset by U.S. tax credits generated during the year. The Company evaluated the provisions of the TCJA and recorded a $1.8 million tax benefit to the financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2019 exclusively related to the FDII. The Company’s income tax benefit of $61.0 million for the year ended March 31, 2018 differed from the amount computed on pre-tax income at the U.S. federal blended rate of 31.5% primarily due to the enactment of the TCJA. The Company recognized a tax benefit of $50.0 million from revaluing U.S. net deferred tax liabilities to the reduced U.S. federal income tax rate of 21.0%. The Transition Tax had no impact on the Company’s income tax provision. The tax rate reconciliation is as follows (in thousands): Income tax (benefit) at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate $ (45,892) $ (29,381) $ (16,309) Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 2018 State and local tax expense Foreign tax rate differential Branch income Non-deductible expenses Tax credits Sharing of consolidated tax attributes Foreign derived intangibles deduction Tax associated with reorganization Changes in tax law Changes in valuation allowance Foreign withholding tax Other adjustments Total income tax expense (benefit) Deferred tax assets and liabilities (3,100) 3,521 1,601 35,874 (35,354) — (3,901) 251,819 — (9,682) 4,231 374 (4,890) 2,051 1,824 11,807 (13,233) — (1,790) — — 6,087 3,086 722 $ 199,491 $ (23,717) $ 208 3,619 384 8,645 (6,173) (8,890) — — (50,033) 5,133 2,701 (282) (60,997) Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to use the existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the jurisdictional cumulative loss incurred over the three year period ended March 31, 2020. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence such as the Company’s projections for future growth. On the basis of this evaluation, a valuation allowance of $22.0 million and $31.7 million has been recorded as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Only the portion of the deferred tax asset that is more likely than not to be realized has been recorded. It is reasonably possible a material adjustment in the amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable will occur within one year if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced or increased, if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present, or if additional weight is given to subjective evidence such as the Company’s projections for growth. 84 Table of Contents Temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to a significant portion of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands): Deferred revenue Capitalized research and development costs Accrued expenses Share-based compensation Fixed assets Net operating loss carryforwards Other tax carryforwards, primarily foreign tax credits Other Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance Less: valuation allowance Net deferred tax assets Intangible assets Capitalized research and development costs State taxes Other Total deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) Long-term deferred tax assets Long-term deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) March 31, 2020 2019 $ 27,681 $ 11,140 6,625 16,660 279 4,046 14,603 2,823 83,857 (21,996) 61,861 40,270 — 251 880 41,401 20,460 $ 20,460 — 20,460 $ $ $ 4,752 — 5,983 4,776 447 4,470 32,630 1,183 54,241 (31,678) 22,563 51,531 822 6,090 1,040 59,483 (36,920) 10,678 (47,598) (36,920) At March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had net operating losses (tax-effected) and tax credit carryforwards for income tax purposes before valuation allowance of $18.6 million, and $37.1 million, respectively, that expire in the tax years as follows (in thousands): Non-U.S. net operating losses Non-U.S. net operating losses U.S. federal and state tax carryforwards U.S. federal and state tax carryforwards, primarily foreign tax credits Total carryforwards Uncertain tax positions Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 $ $ 3,726 $ 159 161 14,603 18,649 $ 4,301 169 2,657 Expiration Indefinite 2021 - 2026 Indefinite 29,973 2026 - 2027 37,100 The amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was $17.4 million and $9.7 million as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, all of which would favorably affect the Company’s effective tax rate if recognized in future periods. 85 Table of Contents The following is a tabular reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 (in thousands): Gross unrecognized tax benefit, beginning of year Gross increases to tax positions for prior periods Gross decreases to tax positions for prior periods Gross increases to tax positions for current period Gross unrecognized tax benefit, end of year Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 2018 9,653 $ 9,143 $ 438 (6,210) 13,543 17,424 $ 20 (70) 560 9,653 $ 8,770 257 (482) 598 9,143 $ $ As of March 31, 2020 and 2019, the net interest and penalties payable associated with its uncertain tax positions was $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively. During the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized expense related to interest and penalties of $0.1 million. During the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized an immaterial amount of net interest expense. The Company has open years in all significant federal, state and foreign jurisdictions, going back to as far as 2010 in certain locations. The U.S. federal income tax return has open years back to 2016. These open years contain matters that could be subject to differing interpretations of applicable tax laws and regulations due to the amount, timing or inclusion of revenue and expenses. Tax legislation On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. The CARES Act, among other things, includes provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer side social security payments, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations, increased limitations on qualified charitable contributions, and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. The Company is required to recognize the effects of tax law changes in the period of enactment. The CARES Act impacted the Company’s assessment of the realizability of deferred tax assets as the carry back of net operating losses was used as a source of income. There were no other effects to the Company’s tax provision as a result of the CARES Act as of March 31, 2020. On December 22, 2017, President Trump signed into law the TCJA. For the tax year of enactment, the TCJA included, among other items, a permanent reduction to the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% and immediate taxation of accumulated, unremitted non-U.S. earnings (the “Transition Tax”). The TCJA also included three new U.S. corporate tax provisions currently in effect, the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”), the FDII deduction and the base-erosion and anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”). The GILTI provision requires the Company to include in its U.S. income tax return non-U.S. subsidiary earnings in excess of an allowable return on the non-U.S. subsidiary’s tangible assets. FDII provides a deduction on a percentage of foreign-derived income. The BEAT provision in the Tax Act eliminates the deduction of certain base-erosion payments made to related non-U.S. corporations, and imposes a minimum tax if the amount is greater than the regular tax. 9. Accrued Expenses Accrued expenses, current consisted of the following (in thousands): Accrued employee - related expenses Accrued tax liabilities Accrued restructuring Accrued professional fees Accrued installments for acquisition Income taxes payable Other Total accrued expenses, current March 31, 2020 2019 40,687 $ 13,350 1,065 2,103 — 20,756 15,767 93,728 $ 35,192 6,274 1,488 3,440 4,832 3,811 9,883 64,920 $ $ 86 Table of Contents Accrued expenses, non-current consisted of the following (in thousands): Share-based compensation Income tax reserve Other Total accrued expenses, non-current 10. Long-term Debt March 31, 2020 2019 — $ 17,108 3,879 20,987 $ 92,047 2,876 3,436 98,359 $ $ On August 23, 2018, the Company entered into the First Lien Credit Agreement (the “First Lien Term Loan”) in which the Company borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $950.0 million, which matures on August 23, 2025. On February 6, 2020, the Company entered into the Second Amendment to Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) which provides for a decrease in the applicable margin on the First Lien Term Loan and the Revolving Credit Facility and an increase to the letter of credit sublimit by $10.0 million. The First Lien Term Loan and the Second Amendment are collectively referred to as the “Amended First Lien Term Loan”. Borrowings under the Amended First Lien Term Loan bear interest, at the Company’s election, at either (i) the Alternative Base Rate, as defined per the credit agreement, plus 1.25% per annum, or (ii) LIBOR plus 2.25% per annum. Interest payments are due quarterly, or more frequently, based on the terms of the credit agreement. As of March 31, 2020, the Company has satisfied all required principal payments under the Amended First Lien Term Loan and the remainder is due at maturity. The Amended First Lien Term Loan requires prepayments in the case of certain events including: property or asset sale in excess of $5.0 million, proceeds in excess of $5.0 million from an insurance settlement, or proceeds from a new debt agreement. An additional prepayment may be required under the Amended First Lien Term Loan related to excess cash flow for the respective measurement periods. All of the indebtedness under the Amended First Lien Term Loan is and will be guaranteed by the Company’s existing and future material domestic subsidiaries and is and will be secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and such guarantors. The Amended First Lien Term Loan contains customary negative covenants. At March 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants. On August 23, 2018, the Company entered into the Second Lien Credit Agreement (the “Second Lien Term Loan”) in which the Company borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $170.0 million. Borrowings under the Second Lien Term Loan bore interest, at the Company’s election, at either (i) the Alternative Base Rate, as defined per the credit agreement, plus 6.00% per annum, or (ii) LIBOR plus 7.00% per annum. The maturity date on the Second Lien Term Loan was August 23, 2026, with principal payment due in full on the maturity date. Interest payments were due quarterly, or more frequently, based on the terms of the credit agreement. During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company repaid all outstanding borrowings, including accrued interest, under the Second Lien Term Loan and recognized a loss on debt extinguishment of $2.7 million within “Interest expense, net” in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended March 31, 2020. The Amended First Lien Term Loan and Second Lien Term Loan are collectively referred to as the “Term Loans”. Debt issuance costs and original issuance discount of $16.4 million, which includes $0.9 million additional transaction fees related to the Second Amendment, were incurred in connection with the Term Loans. These debt issuance costs and original issuance discount will be amortized into interest expense over the contractual term of the Term Loans. The Company recognized $1.7 million and $1.2 million of amortization of debt issuance costs and original issuance discount for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which is included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. At March 31, 2020, the Company had an aggregate principal amount outstanding of $521.1 million for the First Lien Term Loan bearing interest at 3.2%. At March 31, 2019, the Company had an aggregate principal amount outstanding of $947.6 million and $88.7 million for the First Lien Term Loan and Second Lien Term Loan, respectively, bearing interest at 5.7% and 9.5%, respectively. At March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, the Company had $10.6 million and $14.3 million of unamortized debt issuance costs and original issuance discount which is recorded as a reduction of the debt balance on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Revolving Facility The First Lien Credit Agreement further provided for a revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Facility”) in an aggregate amount of $60.0 million, which matures on August 23, 2023. Borrowings under the Revolving Facility currently bear interest, at the Company’s election, at either (i) the Alternative Base Rate, as defined per the credit agreement, plus 1.25% per annum, or (ii) LIBOR plus 2.25% per annum. The Revolving Facility includes a $25.0 million letter of credit sub-facility. 87 Table of Contents The Company incurs fees with respect to the Revolving Facility, including (i) a commitment fee of 0.25% per annum of unused commitments under the Revolving Facility, (ii) facility fees equal to the applicable margin in effect for Eurodollar Rate Loans, as defined per the credit agreement, times the average daily stated amount of letters of credit, (iii) a fronting fee equal to either (a) 0.125% per annum on the stated amount of each letter of credit or (b) such other rate per annum as agreed to by the parties subject to the letters of credit, and (iv) customary administrative fees. All of the indebtedness under the Revolving Facility is and will be guaranteed by the Company’s existing and future material domestic subsidiaries and is and will be secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and such guarantors. Debt issuance costs of $0.8 million were incurred in connection with the entry into the Revolving Facility. These debt issuance costs are amortized into interest expense over the contractual term of the loan. The Company recognized $0.2 million and $0.1 million of amortization of debt issuance costs for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which is included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. There were $0.5 million and $0.7 million of unamortized debt issuance costs included as a reduction of the debt balance on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Revolving Facility contains customary negative covenants and does not include any financial maintenance covenants other than a springing minimum net leverage ratio not exceeding 7.50 to 1.00 on the last day of any fiscal quarter, which will be tested only upon the occurrence of an event of default or certain other conditions as specified in the agreement. At March 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants pertaining to the Revolving Facility. As of March 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no amounts outstanding under the Revolving Facility and there were $15.3 million and $0.5 million of letters of credit issued, respectively. The Company had $44.7 million and $59.5 million of availability under the Revolving Facility as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Debt maturities The maturities of outstanding debt are as follows (in thousands): Fiscal year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Thereafter Total future payments 11. Restructuring Activities Amount — — — — — 521,125 521,125 $ $ The Company has undertaken various restructuring activities to achieve its strategic and financial objectives. Restructuring activities include, but are not limited to product offering cancellation and termination of related employees, office relocation, administrative cost structure realignment and consolidation of resources. The Company expects to finance restructuring programs through cash on hand and cash generated from operations. Restructuring costs are estimated based on information available at the time such charges are recorded. In general, management anticipates that restructuring activities will be completed within a time frame such that significant changes to the plan are not likely. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in estimating restructuring expenses, actual amounts paid for such activities may differ from amounts initially estimated. The Company recorded restructuring expenses of $0.9 million, $1.7 million, and $4.6 million during the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. Facility exit costs Starting in October 2016, the Company began undertaking plans to optimize its U.S. offices, and as result, exited certain leased office spaces. Accordingly, the Company calculated and recorded a liability at the “cease-use” date related to those operating leases based on the difference between the present value of the estimated future sublease rental income and the present value of remaining lease obligations, adjusted for the effects of any prepaid or deferred items. The Company recorded facility exit charges of $0.8 million to “Restructuring expenses” during the year ended March 31, 2018. There were no facility exit charges during the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The related liability is recorded in “Accrued expenses, current” on the consolidated balance sheets. 88 Table of Contents Transformation activities During the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company announced a restructuring program designed to better align employee resources with its product offering and future plans. Accordingly, the Company calculated and recorded a liability of the estimated termination benefits of $0.9 million. During the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company announced a restructuring program designed to better align employee resources with its product offerings and future plans. Accordingly, the Company calculated and recorded a liability of the estimated termination benefits of $1.7 million. Restructuring reserves Restructuring reserve balances of $1.1 million and $1.5 million as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, are classified as “Accrued expenses, current” on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company anticipates that the activities associated with the restructuring reserve balance as of March 31, 2020 will be substantially complete by the end of fiscal 2021. The Company’s consolidated restructuring reserves and related activity are summarized below. Balance, March 31, 2018 Expense Utilization Balance, March 31, 2019 Expense Utilization Balance, March 31, 2020 12. Commitments and Contingencies Tax liability Employee Termination Benefits Lease Abandonment Costs Total 718 $ 1,235 $ 1,715 (1,557) 876 905 (1,076) — (623) 612 — (252) 705 $ 360 $ 1,953 1,715 (2,180) 1,488 905 (1,328) 1,065 $ $ In connection with the initial public offering completed in the second quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company undertook a series of transactions to spin out two wholly owned businesses from the corporate structure. These transactions generated a taxable gain upon their occurrence which will be reported on tax returns for the year ended March 31, 2020. On July 31, 2019, Compuware Corporation distributed $265 million to the Company to partially or wholly fund the tax liability pursuant to an agreement with the Company which is recorded as a contribution within “Additional paid-in capital” on the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity / member’s deficit. The Company has estimated an expense of $251.8 million and made estimated tax payments to the relevant taxing authorities. Commitment for operating leases The Company’s commitments for various operating lease agreements related to office space for various periods that extend through as late as fiscal 2030. Total rent expense under these agreements were approximately $14.0 million, $11.3 million, and $8.7 million for the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. Certain of these lease agreements contain provisions for renewal options and escalation clauses. The following table summarizes payments under the Company’s operating lease commitments as of March 31, 2020 (in thousands): Fiscal year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Thereafter Total future contractual payments 89 Amount 14,210 11,663 11,235 10,864 8,020 16,331 72,323 $ $ Table of Contents Legal matters From time to time, the Company may be a party to lawsuits and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company records a liability when it believes that it is probable a loss will be incurred and the amount of loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. As additional information becomes available, the Company reassesses the potential liability and may revise the estimate. In the opinion of the Company’s management, these matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition and results of the future operations of the Company. 13. Shareholders’ Equity The Company is authorized to issue 600,000,000 shares of common stock, par value of $0.001 per share. Dynatrace Holdings LLC was reorganized on April 1, 2015 and had 100 common units as of March 31, 2019. In connection with the reorganization transactions described in Note 2, an additional 241,547,118 common units of Dynatrace Holdings LLC were issued and subsequently exchanged for 241,547,218 shares of common stock in Dynatrace, Inc. during the second quarter of fiscal 2020. This amount of additional common units includes 16,687,436 common units issued upon the exchange of vested MIUs and AUs. At March 31, 2020, there were 280,853,040 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. 14. Share-based Compensation Management Incentive Unit program Under the Management Incentive Unit program, or the MIU Plan, Compuware Parent LLC’s board of directors had authorized the issuance of 24.1 million Management Incentive Units and 0.8 million Appreciation Units to certain executive officers and key employees of Dynatrace. The MIUs and AUs consisted of two types of units which were classified as performance-vested units and time-vested units. Performance-vested units included four performance targets which vested 25% after each fiscal year end, upon the board of director’s confirmation that the performance target was met for such fiscal year. These units had a requisite service period that varied based on the grant date, but the service period began on the grant date and ended on achievement of the final fiscal year performance target. The performance criterion for vesting of performance units had been based on the Company’s EBITDA compared to the target established and approved for each fiscal year. Units that were vested based upon performance for any given year for which the target was not met did not vest, and were subject to repurchase by the Company, Compuware Parent LLC, or TB at any time; provided, that if the target was not met for a given year, but the target for the subsequent year was met, the unvested performance-based units for the previous year would become vested when the target for the subsequent year was met. Time-vested units vested at 25% one year after grant date (or one year after the vesting start date, if different) and the remaining 75% vested ratably over a 36- month period. These units had a requisite service period of 48 months (or the period from the grant until three years from the date that the first 25% vested) and could be repurchased by the Company, Compuware Parent LLC, or TB at any time. In connection with the reorganization transactions occurring in the second quarter of fiscal 2020, as described in Note 2, outstanding awards granted under the MIU Plan were converted into shares of common stock, restricted stock, and restricted stock units which were granted under the 2019 Plan, as defined below. Upon conversion, the MIUs and AUs were modified and ceased to be classified as liability awards. This modification impacted 306 participants and resulted in the recognition of incremental stock compensation expense of $145.3 million during the year ended March 31, 2020 to record the liability awards at fair value immediately prior to the modification. Upon modification, the liability balance of $278.2 million related to these MIUs and AUs was reclassified into additional paid-in capital. 90 Table of Contents The following table shows the MIU activity for the year ended March 31, 2020: MIUs outstanding as of March 31, 2019 Units granted during the year Units exchanged for AUs during the year Units forfeited/repurchased during the year Modification of MIU Plan awards MIUs outstanding as of March 31, 2020 MIUs vested as of March 31, 2020 The following table shows the AU activity for the year ended March 31, 2020: AUs outstanding as of March 31, 2019 Units converted from MIUs Units granted during the year Units forfeited/repurchased during the year Modification of MIU Plan awards AUs outstanding as of March 31, 2020 AUs vested as of March 31, 2020 Number of Units Weighted Average Participation Threshold (in thousands) (per unit) Fair Value (per unit) 24,112 $ 469 (106) (3,009) (21,466) — $ — 0.36 $ 7.71 1.99 0.06 0.56 — $ Number of Units Weighted Average Participation Threshold (in thousands) (per unit) Fair Value (per unit) $ 819 106 53 (5) (973) — $ — 1.18 $ 1.99 7.71 1.63 1.62 — $ 5.45 — 5.45 — The fair value of the equity units underlying the MIUs and AUs had historically been determined by the board of directors as there was no public market for the equity units. The board of directors determined the fair value of the Company’s equity units by considering a number of objective and subjective factors including: the valuation of comparable companies, the Company’s operating and financial performance, the lack of liquidity of common stock, and general and industry specific economic outlook, amongst other factors. The participation threshold was determined by the board of directors, based on the fair market value on the grant issuance date upon vesting or settlement, the value associated with the MIUs and AUs was the difference between the fair value of the unit and the associated participation threshold. Prior to the modification, the awards were marked to market at the balance sheet date. Upon modification, the awards were marked to market immediately prior to the modification. The weighted average grant date fair value of units granted during the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 was $7.71, $3.62, and $0.82, respectively. The total fair value of vested units during the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 was $278.2 million, $92.0 million, and $22.6 million, respectively. The following key assumptions were used to determine the fair value of the MIUs and AUs for fiscal 2020, 2019, and 2018: Expected dividend yield Expected volatility Expected term (years) Risk-free interest rate 2020 2019 2018 — 35% - 55% 0.5 - 1.25 — 50% - 60% 1.0 - 1.5 1.86% - 2.09% 2.33% - 2.40% — 50% 2.5 2.34% 91 Table of Contents 2019 Equity Incentive Plan In July 2019, the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”), upon the recommendation of the compensation committee of the board of directors, adopted the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2019 Plan, which was subsequently approved by the Company’s shareholders. The 2019 Plan became effective on July 30, 2019 and serves as the successor to the Company’s MIU Plan. The Company initially reserved 52,000,000 shares of common stock, or the Initial Limit, for the issuance of awards under the 2019 Plan. The 2019 Plan provides that the number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the plan will automatically increase each April 1, beginning on April 1, 2020, by 4% of the outstanding number of shares of the Company’s common stock on the immediately preceding March 31 or such lesser number determined by the compensation committee. This number is subject to adjustment in the event of a stock split, stock dividend or other change in the Company’s capitalization. Stock options The following table summarizes activity for stock options during the period ended March 31, 2020: Balance, March 31, 2019 Granted Exercised Forfeited Balance, March 31, 2020 Options vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2020 Options vested and exercisable at March 31, 2020 Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) (per share) (years) (in thousands) — $ 7,322 — (175) 7,147 7,147 $ $ — $ — 16.26 — 16.18 16.26 16.26 — 9.3 $ 9.3 $ 0.0 $ 54,423 54,423 — As of March 31, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock options granted is $38.8 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.4 years. For the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized $7.2 million of share-based compensation expense related to stock options. The fair value for the Company’s stock options granted during the year ended March 31, 2020 was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option- pricing model using the following assumptions: Expected dividend yield Expected volatility Expected term (years) Risk-free interest rate March 31, 2020 — 37.1% - 38.9% 6.1 0.8% - 1.9% The Company has not paid and does not expect to pay dividends. Consequently, the Company uses an expected dividend yield of zero. The computation of expected volatility is based on a calculation using the historical volatility of a group of publicly traded peer companies. The Company expects to continue to do so until such time as it has adequate historical data regarding the volatility of the Company’s traded stock price. The computation of expected term was based on the average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding, generally calculated as the midpoint of the stock options’ remaining vesting term and contractual expiration period, as the Company does not have sufficient historical information to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for the expected life of the award. 92 Table of Contents Restricted shares and units During the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company granted an aggregate of 6,569,783 restricted shares to certain key employees and non-employee directors. The total grants consisted of: (i) 3,379,170 time-based restricted shares that vest 25% after the grant date (or one year after the vesting start date, if different) and the remaining 75% vest ratably over a 36-month period; (ii) 696,873 performance-based restricted shares; (iii) 2,443,740 time-based restricted shares that vest 25% one year after the grant date and the remaining 75% vest ratably on a quarterly basis over 3 years, and (iv) 50,000 time-based restricted shares that vest on August 15, 2020 or upon Board approval at the annual shareholder meeting, if earlier. The performance criteria for the performance-based shares include four performance targets which vest 25% after each fiscal year end, upon the Board’s confirmation that the performance target was met for such fiscal year. These shares have a requisite service period that varies based on the grant date, but the service period begins on the grant date and ends on achievement of the final fiscal year performance target. The performance criterion for vesting of performance shares has been based on an adjusted EBITDA metric compared to the target established and approved by the Company’s board of directors for each fiscal year. Shares that are vested based upon performance for any given year for which the target was not met shall not vest; provided, that if the target is not met for a given year, but the target for the subsequent year is met, the unvested performance-based shares for the previous year shall become vested when the target for the subsequent year was met. The restricted shares are generally subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to the vesting date. The Company expenses the cost of the restricted shares, which is determined to be the fair market value of the shares of common stock underlying the restricted shares on the date of grant, ratably over the period during which the vesting restrictions lapse. The following table provides a summary of the changes in the number of restricted shares for the year ended March 31, 2020: Balance, March 31, 2019 Granted Vested Forfeited Balance, March 31, 2020 Number of Shares of Restricted Stock Awards Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Number of Restricted Stock Units Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (in thousands) (per share) (in thousands) (per share) — $ 2,855 (784) (87) 1,984 $ — 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 — $ 3,715 (503) (89) 3,123 $ — 16.33 16.00 16.42 16.39 As of March 31, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock is $22.9 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.9 years. As of March 31, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock units is $44.4 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.0 years. For the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized $27.9 million of share-based compensation expense related to restricted shares and units. Employee Stock Purchase Plan In July 2019, the board of directors adopted, and the Company’s shareholders approved, the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan for the issuance of up to a total of 6,250,000 shares of common stock, subject to automatic annual increases. The Company expects to offer, sell and issue shares of common stock under this ESPP from time to time based on various factors and conditions, although the Company is under no obligation to sell any shares under this ESPP. The initial offering period began on November 29, 2019 and will end on May 28, 2020. Except for the initial offering period, the ESPP provides for 6-month offering periods beginning May 15 and November 15 of each year, and each offering period will consist of six-month purchase periods. On each purchase date, eligible employees will purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a price per share equal to 85% of the lesser of (1) the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the offering date or (2) the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the purchase date. As of March 31, 2020, there was approximately $0.4 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation related to the ESPP that is expected to be recognized over the remaining term of the initial offering period. 93 Table of Contents The Company estimated the fair value of ESPP purchase rights using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: Expected dividend yield Expected volatility Expected term (years) Risk-free interest rate March 31, 2020 — 35.9% 0.5 1.6% The Company has not paid and does not expect to pay dividends. Consequently, the Company uses an expected dividend yield of zero. The computation of expected volatility is based on a calculation using the historical volatility of a group of publicly traded peer companies. The Company expects to continue to do so until such time as it has adequate historical data regarding the volatility of the Company’s traded stock price. The computation of expected term was based on the offering period, which is six months. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve that corresponds with the expected term at the time of grant. Share-based compensation The following table summarizes the components of total share-based compensation expense included the consolidated financial statements for each period presented (in thousands): Cost of revenue Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Total share-based compensation 15. Net (Loss) Income Per Share Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 2018 $ $ 18,685 $ 38,670 84,698 80,425 222,478 $ 5,777 $ 12,566 24,673 28,135 71,151 $ 1,720 3,858 7,536 9,180 22,294 On August 1, 2019, the Company completed its IPO in which the Company issued and sold 38,873,174 shares of common stock at a price to the public of $16.00 per share. These shares are included in the common stock outstanding as of that date. For the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, basic and diluted net (loss) income per share have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the conversion of equity in connection with the reorganization transactions described in Note 2. Basic and diluted net (loss) income per share was derived from a unit conversion factor of $16.00 per share as determined by the board of managers of Dynatrace Holdings LLC on July 30, 2019. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per share (in thousands, except per share data): Numerator: Net (loss) income Denominator: Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted Net (loss) income per share, basic and diluted Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 2018 (418,024) $ (116,194) $ 9,222 264,933 (1.58) $ 235,939 (0.49) $ 231,956 0.04 $ $ 94 Table of Contents The effect of certain common share equivalents were excluded from the computation of weighted average diluted shares outstanding for the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 as inclusion would have resulted in anti-dilution. A summary of these weighted-average anti-dilutive common share equivalents is provided in the table below (in thousands): Stock options Unvested restricted stock and RSUs Shares committed under ESPP Unvested equity awards 16. Related Party Transactions Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020 2019 2018 4,763 3,819 64 — — — — — — — 6,399 10,038 The Company had agreements with Thoma Bravo, LLC for financial and management advisory services. During the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, the Company incurred $1.6 million, $4.9 million, and $4.9 million, respectively, related to these services. The related expense is reflected in “General and administrative” expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Upon completion of the Company’s initial public offering, these agreements were terminated. During the year ended March 31, 2020, Compuware distributed $265.0 million to the Company to partially or wholly fund a tax liability incurred in connection with the reorganization transactions described in Note 2. During the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company has transfers to related parties of $0.8 million and $3.9 million, respectively, which are included in “Additional paid-in capital” in the consolidated balance sheets. During the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company transferred cash to related parties of $1,177.0 million and $74.6 million, respectively, related to debt service and shared costs. Other related party settlements resulted in an increase in payables to related parties of $14.3 million and $35.2 million for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. 17. Related Party Debt On April 1, 2015, the Company entered into $1.8 billion in subordinated demand promissory notes payable to Compuware, a related party. The promissory notes were established in connection with Compuware’s external debt financing. All payments of principal and interest were payable on the earliest to occur of (i) demand by the holder, (ii) June 1, 2023 and (iii) the date of acceleration of the promissory notes as a result of the occurrence of an event of default. As a result of the August 23, 2018 financing transaction, as described in Note 10, Long-term Debt, the amount was reduced by net proceeds of the financing obtained by Dynatrace LLC, leaving $478.5 million in principal and accrued interest of $118.7 million, at a rate of 2.72% per annum, which is included in “Payable to related party” in the consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2019. Interest expense on the promissory notes were $4.1 million, $27.4 million, and $35.2 million for the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, and is included in the consolidated statements of operations in “Interest expense, net.” In connection with the reorganization during the second quarter of fiscal 2020, the corresponding receivable at Compuware was contributed to the Company and the payable to related party was eliminated. 18. Employee Benefit Plan The Company has established a 401(k) tax-deferred savings plan (the “401(k) Plan”), which permits participants to make contributions by salary deduction pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Code. The Company is responsible for administrative costs of the 401(k) Plan and may, at its discretion, make matching contributions to the 401(k) Plan. For the years ended March 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, the Company made contributions of $3.1 million, $1.9 million and $1.4 million to the 401(k) Plan, respectively. 19. Geographic Information Revenue Revenues by geography are based on legal jurisdiction. Refer to Note 3, Revenue Recognition, for a disaggregation of revenue by geographic region. 95 Table of Contents Property and equipment, net The following tables present property and equipment by geographic region for the periods presented (in thousands): North America Europe, Middle East and Africa Asia Pacific Latin America Total property and equipment, net March 31, 2020 2019 11,296 $ 18,590 1,564 58 31,508 $ 10,036 7,347 376 166 17,925 $ $ ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures The Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of such date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2020 because of a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting. Specifically, the Company did not maintain effective controls over accounting for income taxes. Notwithstanding the identified material weakness, management believes the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows as of and for the periods presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include a report of management’s assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting or an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm as permitted in this transition period under the rules of the SEC for newly public companies. Description of Material Weakness A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As noted above, a material weakness in internal controls over financial reporting was discovered subsequent to March 31, 2020 in the course of finalizing the financial statements for inclusion in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company determined that a material weakness existed related to accounting for income taxes in connection with the preparation and review of its global annual tax provision, and particularly in the area of realizability of tax attributes such as foreign tax credits and other domestic deferred tax assets. In preparing the tax provision for the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company’s internal controls over preparation and review of the income tax provision failed to detect certain errors relating to the assessment of the realizability of deferred tax assets as well as certain complex technical matters which impacted income tax expense, current and deferred tax assets and liabilities and the related valuation allowance. The Company attributes the material weakness to lack of sufficient independent review of the income tax provision, as well as identifying certain complex tax technical matters, including international tax implications. The Company is in the process of developing a remediation plan with respect to this material weakness. We hired an International Tax Manager in April 2020, and we expect to continue to add appropriate technical resources to assist in the preparation of our tax provision as needed. We also plan to enhance our documentation and management review of tax balances. Changes and improvements in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting environment will be implemented based on the outcome of management’s review and the implementation of the remediation plan. 96 Table of Contents Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Except for the material weakness described above, there were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a‑15(f) and 15d‑15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls The Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitation in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Due to inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION On May 27, 2020, the board of directors of the Company and the Company’s Stockholders approved an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated bylaws (the “Amendment”). The Amendment (1) designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the exclusive jurisdiction for (i) any derivative action, (ii) any claim of breach of fiduciary duty, (iii) any claim against a current or former director, officer, employee or stockholder, and (iv) any action against the Company governed by the internal affairs doctrine, and (2) designates the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts as the exclusive jurisdiction for any litigation arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as the Company’s headquarters are located in Waltham, Massachusetts. The Board approved the By-laws Amendment in order to reduce any potential expenses that the Company may incur in connection with any of the specified types of actions or proceedings if the Company was required to defend any such potential actions or proceedings in multiple jurisdictions and in parallel proceedings in federal and state courts simultaneously. A copy of the Amendment is filed as Exhibit 3.4 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference, and the foregoing summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Amendment. ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PART III Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other executive and senior officers. The full text of our code of business conduct and ethics is posted on the Investor Relations section of our website at www.dynatrace.com. We will disclose any amendments to our code of business conduct and ethics, or waivers of its requirements granted to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions, on our website or in filings under the Exchange Act as required by applicable law or the listing standards of the NYSE. The remaining information called for by this item, including information about our Directors, Executive Officers and Audit Committee, will be set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information called for by this item will be set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The information called for by this item will be set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 and is incorporated herein by reference. 97 Table of Contents ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information called for by this item will be set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES The information called for by this item will be set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES PART IV (a) Listing of Documents 1. Financial Statements The following financial statements are included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY / MEMBER’S DEFICIT CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 2. Financial Statement Schedules All other schedules have been omitted because they are not required, not applicable, or the required information is otherwise included. 3. Exhibits The documents listed in the Exhibit Index of this report are incorporated by reference or are filed with this report, in each case as indicated therein (numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K). ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY None. Exhibit Number 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.1 4.2 4.3 10.1# 10.2# EXHIBIT INDEX Description Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Dynatrace LLC, dated as of August 23, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed with the SEC on July 22, 2019). Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed with the SEC on July 22, 2019). Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed with the SEC on July 22, 2019). First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant. Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed with the SEC on July 22, 2019). Registration Rights Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed with the SEC on July 22, 2019). Description of Registrant’s Securities 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, and forms of award agreements thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed with the SEC on July 30, 2019). 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed with the SEC on July 22, 2019). 98 Table of Contents 10.3# 10.4 10.5# 10.6# 10.7# 10.8# 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 21.1 23.1 31.1 31.2 32.1* 101.INS Annual Short-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed with the SEC on July 22, 2019). Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed with the SEC on July 22, 2019). Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and each of its directors and executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed with the SEC on July 25, 2019). Executive Officer Employment Agreement, by and between Registrant and John Van Siclen (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed with the SEC on July 22, 2019). Executive Officer Employment Agreement, by and between Registrant and Kevin Burns (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed with the SEC on July 22, 2019). Executive Officer Employment Agreement, by and between Registrant and Stephen Pace (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed with the SEC on July 22, 2019). Senior Secured First Lien Credit Agreement, by and among Dynatrace LLC, Dynatrace Intermediate LLC, Jefferies Finance LLC and the other Lenders Parties listed thereto, dated as of August 23, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the SEC on July 5, 2019). Senior Secured Second Lien Credit Agreement, by and among Dynatrace LLC, Dynatrace Intermediate LLC, Jefferies Finance LLC and the other Lenders Parties listed thereto, dated as of August 23, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the SEC on July 5, 2019). Office Lease, dated July 6, 2017, by and between BP Reservoir Place LLC and Dynatrace LLC, and Declaration Affixing the Commencement Date of the Lease, dated November 15, 2017, by and between BP Reservoir Place LLC and Dynatrace LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the SEC on July 5, 2019). English Translation of Lease Agreement, dated as of March 28, 2017, by and between Neunteufel GmbH and Dynatrace Austria GmbH (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the SEC on July 5, 2019). Form of Tax Matters Agreement entered into between Dynatrace Holdings LLC and Compuware Software Group LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed with the SEC on July 25, 2019). Form of Master Structuring Agreement entered into by and among Dynatrace Holdings, LLC, Compuware Software Group, LLC and the other parties named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed with the SEC on July 25, 2019). Second Amendment to Senior Secured First Line Credit Agreement dated February 6, 2020, by and among Dynatrace LLC, Dynatrace Intermediate LLC, the lenders party thereto and Jefferies Financing LLC as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 6, 2020). Subsidiaries of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed with the SEC on July 22, 2019). Consent of BDO USA, LLP Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL Document. 101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. 101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. 101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. 101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. 101.PRE _________________ # Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. Indicates a management contract or any compensatory plan, contract or arrangement. * The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 hereto are deemed to accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the Registrant specifically incorporates it by reference. Such certifications will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the Registrant specifically incorporates it by reference. 99 Table of Contents Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this Annual Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES Date: May 27, 2020 By: /s/ John Van Siclen DYNATRACE, INC. John Van Siclen Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints John Van Siclen, Kevin Burns and Craig Newfield, and each of them, as his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent with full power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact, proxy, and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully for all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact, proxy and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature /s/ John Van Siclen John Van Siclen /s/ Kevin Burns Kevin Burns /s/ Seth Boro Seth Boro /s/ Chip Virnig Chip Virnig /s/ James K. Lines James K. Lines /s/ Paul Zuber Paul Zuber /s/ Michael Capone Michael Capone /s/ Stephen Lifshatz Stephen Lifshatz /s/ Jill Ward Jill Ward Title Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Director Director Director Director Director Director Director 100 Date May 27, 2020 May 27, 2020 May 27, 2020 May 27, 2020 May 27, 2020 May 27, 2020 May 27, 2020 May 27, 2020 May 27, 2020 Exhibit 3.4 AMENDMENT TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS OF DYNATRACE, INC. (the “Corporation”) Section 8 of Article VI of the Amended and Restated By-laws of the Corporation (the “By-laws”), is hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows: “SECTION 8. Exclusive Jurisdiction of Delaware Courts or the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for any state law claims for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or the Certificate or By-laws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation governed by the internal affairs doctrine; provided, however, that this provision does not apply to actions arising under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts shall be the sole and exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section 8.” Description of Registrant’s Securities Exhibit 4.3 The summary of the general terms and provisions of the registered securities of Dynatrace, Inc. (“Dynatrace,” “we,” or “our”) set forth below does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (our “certificate of incorporation”) and our Amended and Restated By-laws (our “bylaws”), each of which is incorporated by reference as an exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We encourage you to read our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and the applicable provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) for additional information. General Our authorized capital stock consists of 650,000,000 shares of capital stock, $0.001 par value per share, of which: • • 600,000,000 shares are designated as common stock; and 50,000,000 shares are designated as preferred stock. Only our common stock is registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “DT”. Common Stock Dividend Rights Subject to preferences that may apply to any shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, and any contractual limitations, such as those in our credit agreements, the holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of funds then legally available, if any, if our board of directors, in its discretion, determines to issue dividends and then only at the times and in the amounts that our board of directors may determine. Voting Rights The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share. Our common stock votes as a single class on all matters relating to the election and removal of directors on our board of directors and as provided by law. Our stockholders do not have the ability to cumulate votes for the election of directors. Except in respect of matters relating to the election of directors, or as otherwise provided in our charter or required by law, all matters to be voted on by our stockholders must be approved by a majority of the shares present in person or by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter. In the case of the election of directors, director candidates must be approved by a plurality of the shares present in person or by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors. Other Rights If we become subject to a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders would be distributable ratably among the holders of our common stock and any participating preferred stock outstanding at that time, subject to prior satisfaction of all outstanding debt and liabilities and the preferential rights and payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding shares of preferred stock. Preferred Stock No shares of our preferred stock are currently outstanding. Pursuant to our charter, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue from time to time shares of preferred stock in one or more series. Our board of directors may designate the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of the preferred stock, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, redemption rights, liquidation preference, sinking fund terms, and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of any series. The issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of restricting dividends on our common stock, diluting the voting power of our common stock, impairing the liquidation rights of our common stock, or delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control. Such issuance could have the effect of decreasing the market price of our common stock. Any preferred stock so issued may rank senior to our common stock with respect to the payment of dividends or amounts upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or both. We currently have no plans to issue any shares of preferred stock. Anti-Takeover Provisions in Our Charter and Bylaws Certain provisions of our charter and bylaws may have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another person from attempting to acquire control of us. These provisions, which are summarized below, may discourage takeovers, coercive or otherwise. These provisions are also geared, in part, towards encouraging persons seeking to acquire control of us to negotiate first with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with an unfriendly or unsolicited acquirer outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging a proposal to acquire us because negotiation of these proposals could result in an improvement of their terms. Board Size; Board of Directors Vacancies; Directors Removed Only for Cause. Our charter and bylaws allow Thoma Bravo to set the size of our board of directors and fill any vacancy on our board of directors, including newly created seats, for so long as Thoma Bravo beneficially owns at least 30% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Upon Thoma Bravo ceasing to own at least 30% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, only our board of directors will be allowed to fill vacant directorships. In addition, (i) prior to the first date on which Thoma Bravo ceases to beneficially own at least 30% of the voting power of our then outstanding capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, our directors may be removed with or without cause upon the affirmative vote of Thoma Bravo and (ii) on and after such date on which Thoma Bravo ceases to beneficially own at least 30% of the voting power of our then outstanding capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, directors may only be removed for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of the holders of 66 2/3% or more of our outstanding shares of capital stock then entitled to vote at a meeting of our stockholders called for that purpose. In the event Thoma Bravo ceases to beneficially own at least 30% of the voting power of our then outstanding capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, directors previously nominated by Thoma Bravo would be entitled to serve the remainder of their respective terms, unless they are otherwise removed for cause in accordance with the terms of our charter. These provisions may have the effect of deferring, delaying or discouraging hostile takeovers, or changes in control or management of our company. In addition, following the date on which Thoma Bravo ceases to beneficially own at least 30% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, the number of directors constituting our board of directors will be permitted to be set only by a resolution adopted by a majority vote of our entire board of directors. These provisions would prevent a stockholder from increasing the size of our board of directors and then gaining control of our board of directors by filling the resulting vacancies with its own nominees. This will make it more difficult to change the composition of our board of directors and will promote continuity of management. Classified Board. Our charter and bylaws provide that our board of directors is classified into three classes of directors, with each class serving three-year staggered terms. A third party may be discouraged from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us as it is more difficult and time-consuming for stockholders to replace a majority of the directors on a classified board of directors. Stockholder Action; Special Meeting of Stockholders. Pursuant to Section 228 of the DGCL, any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares of our stock entitled to vote thereon were present and voted, unless our certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Our charter provides that so long as Thoma Bravo beneficially owns at least a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock, any action required or permitted to be taken by our stockholders may be effected by written consent. Our charter provides that, after Thoma Bravo ceases to beneficially own at least a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock, our stockholders may not take action by written consent but may only take action at annual or special meetings of our stockholders. As a result, a holder controlling a majority of our capital stock after Thoma Bravo no longer owns at least a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock would not be able to amend our bylaws or remove directors without holding a meeting of our stockholders called in accordance with our bylaws. Our charter provides that special meetings of the stockholders may be called only upon a resolution approved by a majority of the total number of directors that we would have if there were no vacancies, the chairman of our board of directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, or, prior to the date that Thoma Bravo ceases to beneficially own at least a majority of the voting power of our then outstanding capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, at the request of the holders of a majority of the voting power of our then outstanding shares of voting capital stock. These provisions might delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or for stockholders controlling a majority of our capital stock to take any action, including the removal of directors. Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations. Our bylaws provide advance notice procedures for stockholders seeking to bring business before our annual meeting of stockholders or to nominate candidates for election as directors at our annual meeting of stockholders. Our bylaws specify certain requirements regarding the form and content of a stockholder’s notice. Our bylaws prohibit the conduct of any business at a special meeting other than as specified in the notice for such meeting. Our bylaws also provide that nominations of persons for election to our board of directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the notice of meeting (i) by or at the direction of our board of directors or (ii) provided that our board of directors has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, by any stockholder who (a) is a stockholder of record both at the time the notice is delivered and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the special meeting, (b) is entitled to vote at the meeting and upon such election and (c) complies with the notice procedures set forth in our bylaws. These provisions might preclude our stockholders from bringing matters before our annual meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors at our annual meeting of stockholders if the proper procedures are not followed. We expect that these provisions may also discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company. These provisions will not apply to nominations of candidates for elections as directors by Thoma Bravo. No Cumulative Voting. The DGCL provides that stockholders are not entitled to cumulate votes in the election of directors unless a corporation’s certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Our charter does not provide for cumulative voting. Amendment of Charter Provisions and Bylaws. Our charter provides that prior to the date that Thoma Bravo ceases to beneficially own a majority of the voting power of our then outstanding capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (the “Trigger Date”), our bylaws may be adopted, amended, altered or repealed by the vote of a majority of the voting power of our then outstanding voting capital stock, voting together as a single class. After the Trigger Date, our charter and bylaws may be adopted, amended, altered or repealed by either (i) a vote of a majority of the total number of directors that the company would have if there were no vacancies or (ii) in addition to any other vote otherwise required by law, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% of the voting power of our then outstanding capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class; provided, that if the directors recommend that the stockholders approve such amendment or repeal, then the bylaws may be amended or repealed by the vote of a majority of the voting power of our then outstanding voting capital stock, voting together as a single class. Our charter also provides that following the Trigger Date, the provisions of our charter relating to the size and composition of our board of directors, limitation on liabilities of directors, stockholder action by written consent, the ability of stockholders to call special meetings, business combinations with interested persons, amendment of our bylaws or charter and the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain disputes, may only be amended, altered, changed or repealed by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of all of our outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. Prior to the Trigger Date, such provisions may be amended, altered, changed or repealed by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of our then outstanding capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. Our charter also provides that the provision of our charter that deals with corporate opportunity may only be amended, altered or repealed by a vote of 80.0% of the voting power of our then outstanding capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. See “—Corporate Opportunity.” Issuance of Undesignated Preferred Stock. Our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our stockholders, to designate and issue shares of preferred stock with rights and preferences, including super voting, special approval, dividend or other rights or preferences on a discriminatory basis. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of undesignated preferred stock would enable our board of directors to render more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or other means. Business Combinations with Interested Stockholders. We have elected in our charter not to be subject to Section 203 of the DGCL, an anti-takeover law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination, such as a merger, with an interested stockholder (i.e., a person or group owning 15% or more of the corporation’s voting capital stock) for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder, unless (with certain exceptions) the business combination or the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder is approved in a prescribed manner. Accordingly, we are not subject to any anti-takeover effects of Section 203 of the DGCL. However, our charter contains provisions that have the same effect as Section 203, except that they provide that sales of common stock to or by Thoma Bravo will be deemed to have been approved by our board of directors, and thereby not subject to the restrictions set forth in our charter that have the same effect as Section 203 of the DGCL. Corporate Opportunity. Messrs. Boro and Virnig, managing partners of Thoma Bravo, and Messrs. Lines and Zuber, operating partners of Thoma Bravo, currently serve on our board of directors and will continue to serve as directors following completion of this offering. Thoma Bravo, as the ultimate general partner of the Thoma Bravo Funds, will continue to beneficially own a majority of our outstanding common stock upon the completion of this offering. Thoma Bravo may beneficially hold equity interests in entities that directly or indirectly compete with us, and companies in which it currently invests may begin competing with us. As a result of these relationships, when conflicts between the interests of Thoma Bravo, on the one hand, and of other stockholders, on the other hand, arise, these directors may not be disinterested. Although our directors and officers have a duty of loyalty to us under the DGCL and our charter, transactions that we enter into in which a director or officer has a conflict of interest are generally permissible so long as (i) the material facts relating to the director’s or officer’s relationship or interest as to the transaction are disclosed to our board of directors and a majority of our disinterested directors approved the transactions, (ii) the material facts relating to the director’s or officer’s relationship or interest are disclosed to our stockholders and a majority of our disinterested stockholders approve the transaction or (iii) the transaction is otherwise fair to us. Our charter provides that no officer or director of our company who is also a principal, officer, director, member, manager, partner, employee and/or independent contractor of Thoma Bravo will be liable to us or our stockholders for breach of any fiduciary duty by reason of the fact that any such individual pursues or acquires a corporate opportunity for its own account or the account of an affiliate, as applicable, instead of us, directs a corporate opportunity to Thoma Bravo instead of us or does not communicate information regarding a corporate opportunity to us. Our charter also provides that any principal, officer, director, member, manager, partner, employee and/or independent contractor of Thoma Bravo or any entity that controls, is controlled by or under common control with Thoma Bravo or any investment funds advised by Thoma Bravo will not be required to offer any transaction opportunity of which they become aware to us and could take any such opportunity for themselves or offer it to other companies in which they have an investment. This provision may not be modified without the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 80.0% of the voting power of all of our outstanding shares of common stock. Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a three-year period following the time that this stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. Under Section 203, a business combination between a corporation and an interested stockholder is prohibited unless it satisfies one of the following conditions: • • • before the stockholder became interested, our board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding, shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers, and employee stock plans, in some instances, but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder; or at or after the time the stockholder became interested, the business combination was approved by our board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder. Section 203 defines a business combination to include: • • • • • any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder; any sale, transfer, lease, pledge or other disposition involving the interested stockholder of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation; subject to exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder; subject to exceptions, any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock of any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; and the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges, or other financial benefits provided by or through the corporation. In general, Section 203 defines an interested stockholder as any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by the entity or person. CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Exhibit 23.1 Dynatrace, Inc. Waltham, Massachusetts We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-232950) of Dynatrace, Inc. (the “Company”) of our report dated May 27, 2020, relating to the consolidated financial statements, which appears in this Form 10-K. /s/ BDO USA, LLP Troy, Michigan May 27, 2020 Exhibit 31.1 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, John Van Siclen, certify that: I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Dynatrace, Inc.; 1. 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have: a. b. c. d. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; [paragraph omitted in accordance with Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)]; evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. b. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: May 27, 2020 Dynatrace, Inc. By: /s/ John Van Siclen John Van Siclen Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Exhibit 31.2 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, Kevin C. Burns, certify that: I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Dynatrace, Inc.; 1. 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have: a. b. c. d. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; [paragraph omitted in accordance with Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)]; evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. b. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: May 27, 2020 Dynatrace, Inc. By: /s/ Kevin C. Burns Kevin C. Burns Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.1 In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Dynatrace, Inc. for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, John Van Siclen, as Principal Executive Officer of Dynatrace, Inc., hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Dynatrace, Inc. Date: May 27, 2020 By: /s/ John Van Siclen John Van Siclen Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) The foregoing certification is being furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. It is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and it is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing. In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Dynatrace, Inc. for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Kevin C. Burns, as Principal Financial Officer of Dynatrace, Inc., hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Dynatrace, Inc. Date: May 27, 2020 By: /s/ Kevin C. Burns Kevin C. Burns Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) The foregoing certification is being furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. It is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and it is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing. 

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