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Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc

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FY2015 Annual Report · Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc
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CONTENTS

Contents

Our strategic goal is to be the most trusted 
and ethical specialist financial services group

About Us

A different kind of business 

Ecclesiastical at a glance 

Our businesses 

Strategic Report

Chairman's Statement 

Chief Executive's Report 

Global trends in financial services 

Our Business Model and Strategy 

Strategy in action 

Key Performance Indicators 

Financial Performance Report 

Risk Management Report 

Corporate Responsibility Report 

Governance

Board of Directors 

Directors’ Report 

Corporate Governance 

Financial Statements

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss 

136

Consolidated and Parent Statement  
of Comprehensive Income 

Consolidated and Parent Statement  
of Changes in Equity 

Consolidated and Parent Statement  
of Financial Position 

Consolidated and Parent  
Statement of Cash Flows 

Notes to the Financial Statements 

Other Information

Directors and Executive Management 

United Kingdom Regional Centres 

United Kingdom Business Division and 
International Branches 

Insurance Subsidiaries and Agencies 

Notice of Meeting 

137

138

139

140

141

197

199

200

201

202

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6

10

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29

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86

Independent Auditor’s Report 

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

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SECTION ONE – ABOUT US

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

 
 
 
SECTION ONE – ABOUT US

A different kind of business 

Ecclesiastical at a glance 

Our businesses 

5

6

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

3

A DIFFERENT KIND OF BUSINESS

A different kind 
of business 

We are a specialist financial services group, with a 
strong portfolio of insurance, investment management, 
broking and advisory businesses in the UK, Ireland, 
Canada, and Australia. 

Owned by a charity, we are a commercial business  
with a charitable purpose – a rarity in our sector. This 
means that we grant a significant proportion of our 
profits to our charitable owner Allchurches Trust Limited 
(ATL), which in turn invests them independently into 
the heart of communities, helping to change people’s 
lives for the better. We also have our own programme  
of charitable giving.

We strive to be the most ethical and trusted 
business in our chosen markets. This has helped us 
to build enduring relationships with our customers 
and partners, giving us a deep knowledge and 
understanding of their needs. As a result, we offer 
products and services that are trusted and add real 
value, giving us the competitive edge that allows us to 
deliver significant financial returns to ATL. 

At a time when the financial services sector is under 
increasing scrutiny, we believe our business model 
sets us apart, enabling us to benefit not only our 
customers but also the wider community.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

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SECTION ONE – ABOUT US

Ecclesiastical  
at a glance 

UK’S 13TH

LARGEST 
CORPORATE DONOR
 TO CHARITY*

*DSC GUIDE TO CHARITABLE GIVING

UK’S N 

INSURER1O
129 

FOR CHARITABLE GIVING*

*DSC GUIDE TO CHARITABLE GIVING

YEARS’
EXPERIENCE
Established in 1887 to provide 
fire protection to Anglican churches.

OWNED BY CHARITY

Our charitable owner is Allchurches Trust Limited (ATL)

£0.5

BN 
NET ASSETS

£2.3

BN FUNDS
UNDER MANAGEMENT

WHAT WE DO

INSURE £276BN 

OF PROPERTY WORLDWIDE

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

WHAT WE DO

LEADING              INSURER FOR THE 

ANGLICAN CHURCH 

in all our territories

LEADING

MULTI-FAITH INSURER   

Insuring synagogues and mosques in all our territories

INSURE 10 OF THE UK’S

WORLD HERITAGE SITES*

INCLUDING STONEHENGE AND CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL

*alongside other insurers

INSURE MANY

THOUSANDS

40,000+

OF CHARITIES

IN THE UK ALONE

MAIN INSURER

OF THE UK’S

GRADE 1

LISTED

BUILDINGS

MAJOR INSURER OF

INDEPENDENT SCHOOLS 

50%

+ 40%

+

OF INDEPENDENT

OF CAIS* MEMBERS

SCHOOLS IN THE UK

*Canadian Accredited Independent Schools

AWARD-WINNING

ETHICAL 

INVESTMENT 

PROVIDER 

2009

2015

UK’S N 

INSURER1O

FOR CHARITABLE GIVING*

*DSC GUIDE TO CHARITABLE GIVING

UK’S 13TH

LARGEST 

CORPORATE DONOR

 TO CHARITY*

*DSC GUIDE TO CHARITABLE GIVING

129 

YEARS’

EXPERIENCE

Established in 1887 to provide 

fire protection to Anglican churches.

£0.5

NET ASSETS

BN 

OWNED BY CHARITY

Our charitable owner is Allchurches Trust Limited (ATL)

£2.3

BN FUNDS

UNDER MANAGEMENT

WHAT WE DO

INSURE £276BN 

OF PROPERTY WORLDWIDE

ECCLESIASTICAL AT A GLANCE

WHAT WE DO

LEADING              INSURER FOR THE 
ANGLICAN CHURCH 

in all our territories

LEADING
MULTI-FAITH INSURER   

Insuring synagogues and mosques in all our territories

INSURE 10 OF THE UK’S
WORLD HERITAGE SITES*

INCLUDING STONEHENGE AND CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL
*alongside other insurers

INSURE MANY
THOUSANDS

40,000+

OF CHARITIES
IN THE UK ALONE

MAIN INSURER
OF THE UK’S
GRADE 1
LISTED
BUILDINGS

AWARD-WINNING

ETHICAL 
INVESTMENT 
PROVIDER 

2009
2015

MAJOR INSURER OF
INDEPENDENT SCHOOLS 

50%

+ 40%
+

OF CAIS* MEMBERS

OF INDEPENDENT
SCHOOLS IN THE UK

*Canadian Accredited Independent Schools

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

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SECTION ONE – ABOUT US

95%

OF CUSTOMERS 

HOW WE DO BUSINESS
SATISFIED
WITH HOW
THEIR CLAIM
IS HANDLED
99% in UK; 96% in Ireland

98-100%

UK CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
Across all the sectors we measure

OUR CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY

MORE

THAN

40%

OF OUR EMPLOYEES 

HOURS

VOLUNTEER 

OVER 3,500 

VOLUNTEER 

FOR THREE
CONSECUTIVE
YEARS

1 of only 5 insurers with CII chartered 
status across whole UK business

95  +%

OF BROKERS SATISFIED
WITH OUR SERVICE 
95% in Canada; 
96% of key brokers in UK

IN 2015, WE GAVE

£20.6M

TO CHARITY

£20m to ATL and £0.6m via 

our Greater Giving programme

BEST

IN CLASS

STANDARD

OUR PEOPLE

TOP EMPLOYERS
FOR YOUNG PEOPLE

Canadian and Australian businesses named in 
national awards (see ‘Strategy in action’)

88%

OF EMPLOYEES UNDERSTAND
OUR VALUES

 +7% above private sector norm

OUR FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

£20M

GRANT TO ATL

£23.5M

IN PREVIOUS YEAR

£43.2M

INVESTMENT RETURN

£46.2M

IN PREVIOUS YEAR

92.0%

COMBINED

OPERATING RATIO

+3.2pp

£53.6M

PROFIT BEFORE TAX

3.0

PRA

CAPITAL

COVER

2.9 in previous year

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

ECCLESIASTICAL AT A GLANCE

HOW WE DO BUSINESS

OUR CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY

95%

OF CUSTOMERS 

SATISFIED

WITH HOW

THEIR CLAIM

IS HANDLED

99% in UK; 96% in Ireland

98-100%

UK CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

Across all the sectors we measure

MORE
THAN
OF OUR EMPLOYEES 

40%

VOLUNTEER 
OVER 3,500 
VOLUNTEER 
HOURS

IN 2015, WE GAVE

£20.6M

TO CHARITY
£20m to ATL and £0.6m via 
our Greater Giving programme

BEST
IN CLASS
STANDARD

OUR FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

£20M

GRANT TO ATL

£23.5M

IN PREVIOUS YEAR

£43.2M

INVESTMENT RETURN

£46.2M

IN PREVIOUS YEAR

92.0%

COMBINED
OPERATING RATIO
+3.2pp

£53.6M

PROFIT BEFORE TAX

3.0
PRA

CAPITAL
COVER

2.9 in previous year

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

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FOR THREE

CONSECUTIVE

YEARS

1 of only 5 insurers with CII chartered 

status across whole UK business

95  +%

OF BROKERS SATISFIED

WITH OUR SERVICE 

95% in Canada; 

96% of key brokers in UK

OUR PEOPLE

TOP EMPLOYERS

FOR YOUNG PEOPLE

Canadian and Australian businesses named in 

national awards (see ‘Strategy in action’)

88%

OF EMPLOYEES UNDERSTAND

OUR VALUES

 +7% above private sector norm

SECTION ONE – ABOUT US

Our businesses 

We are organised into three divisions: Specialist Insurance, Investment 
Management, and Broking and Advisory. All are underpinned by a 
reputation for delivering an outstanding service to our customers. 

We provide products and services to businesses, organisations and  
retail customers, both directly and through intermediaries.

Operating 
primarily from 
the UK, our 
Divisions and 
their associated 
companies are:

Specialist Insurance

Ecclesiastical UK / Ansvar UK / Ansvar Australia /  
Ecclesiastical Canada / Ecclesiastical Ireland

Our insurance businesses offer insurance products and risk management services 
to customers in the faith, heritage, charity, education, and property investor markets. 

We have particular expertise in valuing and protecting distinctive properties both 
old and new – from cathedrals to concert halls, schools to stately homes and 
iconic modern buildings to youth hostels.

We also provide a discrete range of specialist products including household 
insurance for church and congregations and fine art insurance to the high net 
worth market. 

Investment Management

EdenTree Investment Management (EdenTree)

Our multi-award winning investment management team manages and sells 
ethically screened and non-screened investment products to institutional 
customers, including the charity and faith markets, and to retail customers  
through the advisory market.

In July 2015, the investment business was rebranded to EdenTree Investment 
Management, to achieve greater resonance in the socially responsible  
investment market. 

EdenTree also manages the majority of the Group’s financial investments.

Broking and Advisory

SEIB Insurance Brokers (SEIB) / Ecclesiastical Financial 
Advisory Services (EFAS) / Lycetts Insurance Brokers* /  
Lycetts Financial Services* * Part of Ecclesiastical Insurance Group (EIG)

Our specialist brokers, SEIB and Lycetts, provide tailored insurance products 
for customers, particularly those in the high net worth, farming and rural estates, 
equine, animal trades, and specialist motor insurance sectors. 

EFAS and Lycetts offer financial advice to businesses and individual customers 
including Church of England clergy. EFAS also marketed and administered 
prepayment funeral plans under the Perfect Choice brand. 

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SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Chairman's Statement 

Chief Executive's Report 

Global trends in financial services 

Our Business Model and Strategy 

Strategy in action 

Key Performance Indicators – financial 

Key Performance Indicators – non-financial 

Financial Performance Report 

Risk Management Report 

- Principle risks 

Corporate Responsibility Report 

- Doing what’s important 

- Our themes 

- Our overall CR framework 

- Workplace – our people and culture 

- Sustainability – responding to climate change 

- CR stories from around our Group 

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

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SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Chairman’s 
Statement

Financial performance

Ecclesiastical has delivered another set of strong and consistent results 
in 2015, testimony to the transformation in its performance over the last 
two years. Profit before tax grew by 11% to £54m, with underwriting 
profits and investment returns both performing well despite a challenging 
business climate. 

These are pleasing results, but insurance remains 
a cyclical business and the industry is facing soft 
markets and lower investment returns. To prosper 
in these conditions, Ecclesiastical will continue to 
provide a specialist trusted proposition, backed up by 
disciplined underwriting and expense control.

The profits we made in 2015, combined with our 
strong balance sheet, have enabled us to pay a grant 
of £20m to our charitable owner, bringing the total we 
have granted ATL since 2014 to £43.5m. Including 
all other charitable giving, we have given £45.8m to 
charitable causes in that time, taking us closer to our 
goal of giving £50m to charity over three years. 

Group underwriting profits increased from £11m to 
£16m, generating a combined operating ratio (COR) 
of 92.0% against 95.2% in 2014. In the UK and 
Ireland, the impact of challenging property claims and 
December’s storm and flood events were offset by the  
improvement in the performance of our liability book. 
This helped us deliver an overall COR of 90.4% 
compared to 94.0% in our home market, the  
previous year.

We achieved a return on our equity portfolio that exceeded 
FTSE All-Share Index returns. We also enhanced our 
investment property portfolio during 2014 and 2015 which 
generated a return of 11% during the year. 

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

CHAIRMAN'S STATEMENT

Investment returns were on budget at £43m in 2015, 
despite falling global equity markets and a reduction 
in the capital value of fixed interest investments due 
to rising yields. We achieved a return on our equity 
portfolio that exceeded FTSE All-Share Index returns. 
We also enhanced our investment property portfolio 
during 2014 and 2015 which generated a return of 
11% during the year. Ecclesiastical has a sound 
capital base, which enables us to pursue our long-term  
strategy while being cognisant of short-term volatility.

People

First and foremost, our current and future success 
rests with our people. Ecclesiastical has a skilled, 
adaptable and dedicated team and I would like to 
thank and congratulate them for this year’s successes 
and the transformation they have achieved. 

We have continued to invest in our employees 
through a comprehensive, ongoing programme of 
training and development. In 2015, we provided over 
3,000 technical and personal development training 
courses and over 500 management courses, many 
in conjunction with our business partners. We have 
also recruited to augment our underwriting and risk 
management capability. 

Board

I would like to thank my fellow directors for  
their support and hard work in the past year.  
In particular, I want to express my thanks to David 
Christie, who retires as a non-executive director 
in March 2016. David has made an invaluable 
contribution to our company and we wish him well  
in his future endeavours.

This is my final review as Chairman of Ecclesiastical, 
as I will be retiring in March 2016 after ten years with 
the Company. It has been an honour to lead it through 
this period of transformation and to work with the 
committed and motivated people who work here.  
My successor, Edward Creasy, brings to Ecclesiastical 
a wealth of financial services and board level 
experience and I wish him every success as he  
takes the Company forward.

Ecclesiastical is a company with distinctive ethical 
values. Its ongoing success will come from a judicious 
fusion of the best of those values with a keen 
acceptance of the change required to succeed in a 
competitive insurance and investment market. I firmly 
believe that, with the substantial changes made to the 
Board and executive management team over the last 
three years, we have the necessary skills in place to 
embrace that change and take Ecclesiastical to even 
greater success.

Group underwriting profits increased to £16m 
generating a combined operating ratio of 92.1%.

Will Samuel 
Chairman

Corporate culture

The Board recognises the importance, particularly 
in times of change, of ensuring that our corporate 
culture supports long-term success. To that end  
we are reviewing our leadership and talent 
development strategy, to ensure that the values 
Ecclesiastical espouses are combined with 
outstanding commercial acumen. 

Customer service is central to our corporate culture; 
our most recent surveys show customer satisfaction 
of between 98% and 100% across all measured 
groups and territories. We are committed to putting 
the customer at the heart of our business, for 
example by conducting regular ‘listening exercises’ 
with small groups of customers to discuss their 
current and emerging needs and concerns.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

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SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Chief Executive’s 
Report

Customers and partners often tell us that our charitable purpose sets us apart. 

Founded 129 years ago to insure the Church of England, we have always  
had a strong sense of moral purpose. Today, as we face the modern 
challenge of public mistrust in financial services, that purpose inspires  
our drive to be a very different kind of business. 

In 2014, we set out a strategic goal for the Group 
that built upon our ethical foundations. It was clear, 
stretching and inspirational: 

To work together to be the most 
trusted and ethical specialist 
financial services group, giving 
£50m to charity over three years.

Put simply, we want to deliver on our promises. We 
want to do the right thing for our customers and 
partners. And, above all, we want to give help, support 
and money to those who need it most. That is not just 
an adjunct to what we do; it is the reason we exist. 

Another strong year

As a commercial business with a charitable purpose, 
we are focused on delivering strong and sustainable 
returns. To do good, we know we must be good. 

That is why it gives me immense pleasure to report 
another year of strong results. We have achieved 
a pre-tax profit of £53.6m compared to £48.2m in 
2014 and an underwriting profit of £15.9m, up from 
£10.7m the previous year. Our capital strength has 
also been enhanced and our net assets ended the 
year at £505m, a record high, compared to £495m  
in 2014.

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

All this been delivered against a backdrop of volatile 
investment markets, unusually high property losses, 
and severe weather events, including Canada’s 
exceptionally cold January and the storms that hit the 
UK at the end of the year. 

Last year, I described our results as ‘nothing short of 
transformational’. This year’s results signal that our 
ambitious change programme, new leadership teams 
and the tough decisions that we have taken over the 
past few years are reaping further dividends. Our 
momentum is building and we are now well placed to 
invest more in our future so that, over time, we can 
grow both our business and our charitable giving.

Being good to do good

Our charitable purpose shapes every aspect of how 
we do business. 

For example, unlike many of our competitors, we do 
not have to pay hefty returns to external shareholders. 
This means we are not driven by short-term decisions 
focused mainly on the bottom line. Instead, we can 
focus on longer-term goals that are in our customers' 
best interests. 

We are very conscious that trust in financial services 
companies has declined sharply in recent years. In a 
deliberate move to buck this trend, we have set about 
securing the trust of our customers and business 
partners for the long-term. In practice, this means 
meeting or exceeding our customers’ expectations, 
being honest and professional at every turn and, most 
important, being unfailingly supportive in times of need.

You meet claims fairly and promptly, 
and your valuation service is highly 
valued and unique. 

Broker,
London and South East

The human side and the caring that 
everyone at Ecclesiastical showed 
has been so tremendous. I don’t 
know how we’d have got through  
it all without your support.

Kathryn Creese,
churchwarden and treasurer,  
St. Michael and All Angels Church, Tirley

CHIEF EXECUTIVE'S REPORT

This is where we differentiate ourselves in today’s 
competitive environment. By being the most 
intelligent and knowledgeable player in our chosen 
markets, by offering real value for money and by 
always delivering on our promises, we know we are 
honing a competitive edge.

A raft of independent data shows that we have 
already made enormous progress. 

Our latest UK customer satisfaction levels are 
98-100% across the board and satisfaction with 
claims handling sits at 99% in the UK and 96% 
in Ireland. UK brokers have recognised us as the 
best charity, education and heritage insurer for 
the ninth consecutive year. In home insurance, we 
top the UK’s Fairer Finance league table and pay 
93% of claims against an industry average of just 
79%. Our investment management business has 
been voted Moneyfact’s Best Ethical Investment 
Provider for seven consecutive years and achieved 
the top assessment rating from the UN Principles of 
Responsible Investment. 

All this reinforces my belief that, while not perfect,  
we are getting many things right. 

The case studies in this report and on our website 
show how highly our customers and partners think 
of us, and I thank them all for their kind words. They 
represent just a fraction of the positive comments we 
receive, such as the handful shown:

It is also appropriate here to salute 
the insurance companies, many of 
which have been praised for the speed 
and nature of their response to those 
flooded. Affected churches have greatly 
valued the service of the Ecclesiastical 
Insurance Group in particular during 
recent weeks.

Rt. Revd. Nick Baines,
Bishop of Leeds, speaking  
in the House of Lords

We should perhaps praise the Lord there 
is an insurer out there with a conscience…

Patrick Collinson, 
personal finance editor, Guardian 
(on our behaviour towards a policyholder)

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

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CHIEF EXECUTIVE'S REPORT

I would like to thank and congratulate every one of 
my Ecclesiastical colleagues, who work tirelessly to 
deliver the service that elicits comments like these. 
They illustrate better than any words I could ever 
write how we are fulfilling our commitment to being 
the most trusted and ethical financial services group. 
Doubly rewarding is the fact that by doing so, we are 
also meeting our ultimate goal of giving £50m to 
charity over three years.

Progress in detail

Our focus is firmly on taking the right decisions to 
create long-term ethical and sustainable growth. In 
2015, we continued to apply strong underwriting 
disciplines across the Group, which saw our overseas 
businesses achieve an increase in gross written 
premium (GWP) although our global GWP declined 
slightly. We won a number of significant accounts 
such as the Canadian Cancer Society, Scouts New 
South Wales, National Trust of Victoria and the Irish 
Management Institute, and we now insure the majority 
of Grade I listed buildings in the UK. 

In the UK, we maintained high retention levels, despite  
further losses of academies to the Department for 
Education's risk protection arrangement for academy 
trusts, and managed our portfolio rigorously, with a 
deliberate emphasis on delivering profit in a highly 
competitive market. This approach lies behind the 
year’s 7% fall in GWP and has contributed to the £5.2m  
increase in underwriting profits. Our aim is to achieve 
moderate GWP growth over the coming years, by 
adding profitable business at a sustainable rate.

Our Australian and Canadian businesses continued 
to achieve measured growth, increasing GWP by 
4% and 9% respectively in local currency. Australia 
delivered an underlying underwriting profit of £0.1m 
and COR of 99.3%. Canada secured another set of 
robust underwriting results despite a record ‘freeze’  
at the beginning of the year.

The investment management division, which rebranded  
as EdenTree Investment Management (EdenTree) 
during the year, delivered a profit of £2m against £3m 
in 2014. We invested substantially in this business 
during 2015, with the launch of the new brand and 
successful implementation of a new IT platform. 
Investment like this takes time to bear fruit but we 
are confident that it will enable us to make our offer 
clearer, more distinct and give it a wider appeal.  
The name of the company may have changed but the 
profits with principles ethos remains as strong as ever.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

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SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Our independently run broking operation, SEIB, had a 
more difficult year as it dealt with the transition of one 
scheme to another provider. This resulted in a £0.8m 
decrease in profit from £3.0m to £2.2m, although in 
part this reflected a programme of investment in new 
employees, systems, websites, and marketing.

I know that our financial strength and committed 
ethical approach give us strong foundations upon 
which we can build our business and grow our 
charitable giving. We have high aspirations, we are  
on target to give £50m to charity over three years, 
and there is abundant energy and goodwill drawing 
us together to achieve this.

Working together  
for the greater good

In 2015, we gave £20.6m to charity, including grants 
to our charitable owner and through our wider Greater 
Giving programme. 

Yes, this is a big number. But for us, what really 
matters is the lives we are able to improve. And 
having seen first-hand the impact of our giving, there 
is no doubt that we make a real and life-changing 
difference to many vulnerable people in the markets 
and communities in which we operate. That is the 
reason why so many of us support Ecclesiastical, 
either as employees, customers or business partners.

I thank all our customers and our business partners 
whom we serve, and whose expectations we aim to 
exceed. It is only with their support that we can give 
so much to good causes. 

I would also like to take the opportunity to invite 
prospective partners and customers to consider 
working with us and experience the ‘Ecclesiastical 
difference’ for yourselves. I would also encourage 
potential employees from all walks of life to consider 
joining us. Our doors are always open to like-minded 
individuals and organisations who share our aspirations  
and can help us to help others.

I am confident that with the ongoing support and 
commitment of our extraordinary people, we will deliver  
this exciting new chapter and build a Group that 
stands by its customers ever more firmly. A Group that 
is formed from a unique blend of business, charity and 
faith. A Group that is changing people’s lives.

Mark Hews 
Group Chief Executive

Looking forward to our future

I see 2016 as an exciting year of transition: a year 
where one successful chapter of transformation 
draws to a close and a fresh new chapter of 
investment in our future begins.

We are enormously grateful to Will Samuel for his 
outstanding chairmanship in recent years. There is 
no doubt that with his guidance we have made huge 
strides in reshaping and repositioning our Group, 
going through each of our businesses thoroughly, 
taking decisive action to improve them and delivering 
a Group-wide change programme. This has all 
contributed to strong results and increased grants  
for our charitable owner.

In our next chapter, we have much to look forward to. 
We will launch and drive forward the next stage of our 
transformation programme, led by an exceptionally 
committed and energised team in each of our 
territories and businesses around the world. I know 
they are keen to build on our recent success and 
deliver against our charitable purpose.

We know that challenges lie ahead and are prepared 
for them. We expect market volatility to continue in 
the near term and are positioned for this, taking a 
defensive stance where appropriate. Equity markets 
have performed strongly over the long term but we 
know that the level of return cannot be guaranteed. 
However, our financial strength and unique ownership 
allow us to take a long-term view and ride out periods 
of market turbulence.

In 2016, institutions in England and Wales will be 
scrutinised as the Independent Inquiry into Child 
Sexual Abuse starts its investigations. We welcome 
the openness and transparency that the Inquiry 
heralds and recognise it may result in more victims 
and survivors feeling able to come forward. Our 
reserving techniques for latent claims of this nature 
have been developed and enhanced over a number of 
years; ensuring appropriate reserves are held which 
take into account the typically higher uncertainties 
that are attached to this kind of risk. 

The general insurance market remains very 
competitive in some of our markets; however, our 
results demonstrate that with our specialist focus, 
disciplined underwriting and premium service we can 
successfully confront these challenges.

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

CASE STUDY

Helping hand for a  
hurricane-damaged school

In November 2015, Manchester Grammar 
School celebrated the opening of its new, 
state-of-the-art sports hall by ex-England 
cricket captain Mike Atherton OBE. Just 20
months earlier, their old hall had been damaged 
beyond repair by hurricane-force winds. 

We worked alongside the school from start to 
finish, quickly assessing the damage, agreeing 
options for the use of temporary facilities and 
supporting the school’s ambition to improve its 
sporting facilities. 

The brand-new two-storey sports hall includes 
four cricket nets, separate badminton, basketball  
and volleyball courts, a five-a-side football pitch 
and an indoor hockey pitch. We are delighted 
that our specialist claims consultants were 
invited to the reopening ceremony.

I would like to extend my sincere 
thanks to Ecclesiastical, our  
insurance company, for their help  
and support throughout this project  
and enabling us to build this 
fantastic new venue. It has been 
a pleasure to work with them and 
I am extremely grateful for their 
assistance in helping us create this 
fantastic facility.

Dr Martin Boulton
High Master, The Manchester  
Grammar School

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

21

SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Global trends 
in financial services

We monitor a number of global trends that we believe will affect our business 
in the future. Our insight and response to these trends is shown over the 
next few pages:

  Trend  

Our perspective  

Our response

Regulation

Developments  
in technology, 
data and  
analytics

With Solvency II now 
live, regulators will 
continue to focus 
on capital strength, 
transparency and 
governance.

Customer focus will be 
central to ensuring a 
successful response to  
regulatory requirements.  
Along with increased 
management attention, 
businesses will need 
to invest further in the 
systems, processes and 
organisational culture 
that help them meet 
customers’ needs.

Businesses are seeking 
deeper insights into 
customer behaviour 
to gain competitive 
advantage. Such data 
underpins insurance 
pricing models, offering 
the potential for 
superior risk selection, 
better risk pricing, 
an improved offering 
to customers and, 
ultimately, an enhanced 
underwriting result. 

Businesses continue  
to invest in systems  
and technology in  
order to improve 
operational efficiency.

We met Solvency II requirements by 1 January 
2016, resulting in a step change in the Group’s 
management of risk and capital. All frameworks 
are embedded and operational, and we have 
agreed a scheduled application submission for 
the Internal Model in 2017.

We have already begun to prepare for future 
regulatory requirements, such as the EU 
Insurance Mediation Directive (IMD2) and 
planned updates to Markets in Financial 
Instruments Directive (MiFiD2). Consideration 
is being given to the potential impact of any 
regulatory decisions regarding the distribution 
model in our Broking and Advisory division.

We already place customers at the heart of our 
business. Our ethical approach and the enduring 
relationships we build with our customers mean 
that we are well placed to respond to regulatory 
requests for greater transparency and improved 
customer relationships.

As part of our long-term strategy, we have begun 
to make significant investments in upgrading and 
replacing the technology across the Group. 

We have streamlined the front-end operations of 
EdenTree, our investment management business, 
with the implementation of the specialist platform 
Charles River. 

Plans are underway to migrate the underlying 
trading platforms in our major broker businesses 
onto a single IT architecture, using the technology 
expertise in our SEIB broker business.

Our UK underwriting business is evaluating 
options for its underlying platform to enhance 
data analytics and remove unnecessary processes  
from operational areas.

22

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

GLOBAL TRENDS IN FINANCIAL SERVICES

  Trend  

Our perspective  

Our response

Changing 
demographic 
and social 
trends; increased 
customer 
expectations

Advances in technology 
are helping businesses 
gain a better 
understanding of their 
property portfolio. 
Unmanned drones are 
used increasingly to map 
buildings by 3D laser and 
built-in sensors are used 
to detect environmental 
changes such as the 
escape of water. 

Demographics and 
social profiles are 
changing across 
our key markets 
and territories. In 
particular, increased 
immigration and ethnic 
diversity will provide 
new opportunities for 
companies operating  
in faith markets.

Customers and 
intermediaries  
expect increasingly 
enhanced levels of 
service and tailored 
products that meet 
their specific needs.

Customers are 
actively seeking 
ethical and trusted 
providers. Corporate 
responsibility is 
also increasingly 
being taken into 
account during the 
procurement process.

We scan the horizon to anticipate and  
understand the potential impact of emerging 
technologies on the broader environment,  
our business and our customers.

We have deepened our understanding of customer 
and broker needs, supported by an ongoing 
programme of market and customer research.

In the UK, we have established our ‘Select 
Broker’ programme. This offers an enhanced 
proposition and specialist in-house support to 
our brokers.

We look at developing opportunities in new and 
emerging markets. For example, our broking 
businesses have been developing their expertise 
in the alternative energy sector.

We have appointed directors to manage each 
of our UK divisions, with responsibility for 
continuing to ensure that customers’ needs are 
understood and that our products and services 
meet those needs.

Our underwriting Business Model is based on the 
creation of longstanding trusted relationships, 
which we achieve through partnerships with our 
customers, brokers and ourselves as the insurer. 
This has attracted many prestigious customers 
in 2015, including the Canadian Cancer Society, 
Scouts New South Wales, National Trust of 
Victoria, and the Irish Management Institute.

We strive to be the most trusted and ethical 
financial services group and this is a cornerstone 
of our Business Model. 

Our investment management team, which 
launched one of the UK’s first socially responsible  
retail funds, continues to win awards for its 
ethical investment proposition.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

23

SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

  Trend  

Our perspective  

Our response

Low trust 
in financial 
services

Climate 
change

Our strategic goal is to become the most trusted 
and ethical specialist financial services group. This 
shapes the way we do business across all our 
markets and territories. 

As a commercial business with a charitable 
purpose, we grant a significant proportion of our 
profits to ATL for distribution to charitable causes 
and communities. Our research tells us that this 
resonates positively with key customer groups.

We are the UK’s top charitable donor in the 
insurance sector and have publicly announced our 
intention to give £50m to charity over three years.  
In 2015 alone, we granted £20m to ATL and £0.6m 
to our own Greater Giving programme, making a 
cumulative total of £20.6m at the end of the year. 

We find it 
disappointing that 
consumers’ trust in 
financial services is 
expected to remain 
low, though there 
are signs of a slight 
recovery as indicated 
by the 2015 Edelman 
Trust barometer. 

A recent survey by 
the Financial Services 
Compensation Scheme 
(FSCS) indicated that 
banks are now more 
trusted than insurance 
companies. 

Ecclesiastical has an 
unusual level of trust 
among brokers. A 
recent independent 
survey shows that 
61% of brokers trust 
us to do the right thing 
compared to only  
37% who trust the 
insurance industry and 
24% the UK financial 
services industry.

The world’s climate has 
changed over the past 
decade, with average 
temperatures rising by 
just over one degree. 

Potentially, this will 
lead to less predictable 
and more extreme 
weather events. This 
is likely to result in a 
greater concentration 
of insurance losses and 
will require changes in 
the way risk is evaluated 
and managed.

Alternative energy 
sources are being 
considered and the 
impact of businesses on 
the environment will be 
scrutinised more closely. 

We are using predictive tools and expertise to 
map the probability and potential impacts of major 
weather events, helping us to understand the 
longer-term impact of climate change and the 
implications for our customers and our business. 

We have deepened our understanding of flood 
risk, monitoring high-risk areas and providing 
proactive risk management advice and assistance 
to help customers develop informed flood 
resistance and resilience plans. 

Our broker businesses have specialist expertise 
in many kinds of renewable energy. They offer 
commercial policies for a range of renewable 
energy sources, such as biomass, geothermal  
and wind. 

EdenTree, with its award-winning ethical 
investment track record, is engaging proactively 
with public policy issues, signing the Paris Pledge 
and the COP21 Investor Statement on Climate 
Change and joining the Institutional Investors 
Group on Climate Change (IIGCC).

24

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

 
  Trend  

Our perspective  

Our response

GLOBAL TRENDS IN FINANCIAL SERVICES

Cyber 
security

In 2016, we will use third-party expert insurers 
to find solutions to cyber security challenges for 
our customers, including the provision of new 
products and specialist advice. 

We have a number of controls operating  
within our technology infrastructure, which 
aim to safeguard and deny unauthorised or 
malicious access to our systems, internal data 
and infrastructure.

Our specialist broker, SEIB, has created a 
specialist product for SMEs to address the 
gap in commercial combined insurance, with 
increased indemnity limits for denial of service 
and cyber-attacks. They have also worked with 
both Essex Police and the Serious Fraud Office 
to raise awareness of internet-enabled crime 
among the local business community.

Third party cyber-
attacks on businesses 
are becoming larger, 
more complex and 
more commonplace, 
according to Arbor  
Networks’ 11th 
Worldwide Infrastructure  
Security Report.

While the loss of data 
is damaging in itself, it 
also has wider impacts 
on companies’ finances 
and reputations. 

Companies will see 
increased regulatory 
scrutiny, particularly 
given the impending 
introduction of the EU  
General Data Protection  
Regulations, which will 
require compulsory 
reporting and increased  
financial sanctions for 
any breaches.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

25

SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Our Business  
Model and Strategy 

FULFIL OUR 
CHARITABLE PURPOSE 
– WE’RE OWNED
BY A CHARITY 

Contribute to society’s  
greater good

STRIVE TO BE THE
MOST TRUSTED AND 
ETHICAL FINANCIAL
SERVICES GROUP

BUILD ENDURING
RELATIONSHIPS,
BASED ON TRUST

DELIVER GROWING
FINANCIAL RETURNS
TO OUR OWNER

PROVIDE PRODUCTS
AND SERVICES THAT
OUR CUSTOMERS
VALUE AND TRUST

DEVELOP DEEP
SPECIALIST
UNDERSTANDING
AND EXPERTISE

Like all commercial businesses, our aim is to create 
long-term value for our shareholders, by using our 
skills and approach that differentiates us to create 
competitive advantage.

What sets us apart from others in the financial services 
sector is the fact that our Group's owner is a charity. 

Our purpose is, therefore, to deliver growing financial 
returns to our shareholder and owner, which are in 
turn distributed to charitable causes and communities, 
contributing to society’s greater good. 

Our charitable purpose underpins our culture, enhancing 
the Group’s reputation as an ethical business. 

This helps us build longstanding relationships and high 
levels of customer loyalty. 

These enduring relationships mean we really understand  
our customers and sectors, and have built deep 
expertise within them, allowing us to provide highly 
valued products and services.

All these factors help us to deliver sustainable and 
growing returns over the long term.

26

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

OUR BUSINESS MODEL AND STRATEGY

The most trusted specialist insurer

Our aim is to be the most trusted specialist insurer, offering unrivalled  
expertise and knowledge in our core markets, with appealing customer 
propositions and an excellent claims service that meet the concerns and 
needs of our customers and business partners.

The most trusted specialist adviser

We aim to be the most trusted specialist adviser in our chosen markets,  
providing our customers with the best independent and impartial insurance 
or financial advice in order to meet their needs.

The best ethical investment provider

We aim to be the best ethical investment provider and thought leader on 
socially responsible investment. Building on an impressive track record, we 
will continue to enhance our proposition and our ethical credentials, leading 
the debate on the ethical investment issues that matter to our customers.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

27

r
o
t
c
o
r
P
r
a
k
s
O
y
b

h
p
a
r
g
o
t
o
h
P

 
 
 
STRATEGY IN ACTION

Strategy in action

Giving £50m to charity over three years 

In 2014, we set out our goal to give £50m to charity over a three-year  
period. In 2015, we gave £20.6m to charity, including £20m in grants to 
ATL and £0.6m in donations via our own Greater Giving programme. With 
£45.8m donated to date, we are well on our way to achieving that goal.

Most trusted specialist insurer

We achieve  
this by being

Customer focused
– keeping customers at the heart of 
our business and aiming to deliver 
exceptional customer service

Disciplined in our underwriting
– having a well-defined risk appetite 
that supports profitability and 
sustainability in our business mix

Strategy  
in action

We measure UK performance against 
the 15 guiding principles of our new 
Ecclesiastical Promise, which will be 
introduced across our other territories 
in 2016 

To support our outstanding reputation 
for risk management advice, we have 
introduced thermographic imaging 
and will launch drone technology 
in Australia in 2016. This will help 
us provide preventative guidance 
to customers and support a speedy 
response to those affected by extreme 
weather events

We have made significant hires into 
the business including the further 
strengthening of our underwriting 
and risk management capabilities, 
particularly in the UK

Focused on relationships
– building strong, lasting relationships 
with brokers, with a focus on trilateral 
relationships between brokers, 
customers and ourselves

Real specialists
– building a deep knowledge of  
those areas of financial services in 
which we specialise 

Prepared to invest
– investing in our operational capability, 
to create the best possible experience 
for our customers, our business 
partners and our people

We have established Centres of 
Excellence to share best practice  
and learning across core disciplines 

We have enhanced our technology 
landscape including the mobilisation 
of a programme of systems 
development in the UK

Our Select Broker programme was 
introduced at the start of 2015, to 
build even stronger relationships  
with these brokers

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

29

SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Most trusted specialist insurer

Highlights

UK customer satisfaction sits at  
98-100% across every sector  
we measure

We are top of the independent Fairer 
Finance rankings for our home 
insurance offerings 

Customer satisfaction with claims 
handling stands at 99% in the UK and 
96% in Ireland

Ecclesiastical Canada was named one 
of Canada’s Top Employers for Young 
People for the fourth successive year 

88% of our UK brokers and 95% of 
our Canadian brokers are satisfied  
with our service

We are recognised by brokers as the 
best insurer in the charity, education  
and heritage sectors for the 9th 
consecutive year, according to an 
independent survey by FWD

Our UK Corporate Chartered Insurance 
status was renewed by the Chartered 
Insurance Institute (CII), illustrating our 
commitment to its code of ethics and 
our professionalism

Ansvar Australia was selected as a 
finalist for Youth Development Insurer 
of the Year in the ANZIIF 2015 
Insurance Industry Awards

The UK’s Landmark Trust, which we 
have insured for 25 years, has selected 
us as their first Corporate Patron 
together with their insurance broker, 
JLT Specialty 

98-100% UK
CUSTOMER
SATISFACTION

30

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

CASE STUDY

Dealing sensitively  
with flood damage

For many of our customers in Cumbria, Lancashire 
and Yorkshire, December 2015 was a traumatic 
and emotional time as they wrestled with the 
devastation caused by extreme flooding. 

In Carlisle, the Grade II Listed church of St. Aiden’s 
was flooded along with the attached church hall, 
as was the vicarage a few hundred yards away. 
Floodwater, in places two to three feet deep, 
deposited huge amounts of silt and debris which 
damaged the timber parquet floor, sandstone 
walling and columns and timber panelling. 

Our priority was to provide quick and effective 
support. We sent out our specialist claims handlers 
to assess the situation and helped St. Aiden’s 
vicar, Rev. Keith Teasdale, to secure alternative 
accommodation. We also brought in loss adjusters 
and restorers with a deep, specialist knowledge of 
working with listed properties.

I cannot fault Ecclesiastical at all. Their 
timing, care and attention to detail has  
been first class, both in respect of the  
church and the hall, as well as the vicarage,  
where we had over five feet of water.

Ecclesiastical has provided emergency 
funding and called me regularly to check 
on progress. They even turned up with 
a hamper to provide a bit of Christmas 
cheer! I’ve been recommending 
Ecclesiastical to my flooded neighbours, 
not all of whom have such wonderfully 
understanding insurers.

Rev. Keith Teasdale

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

31

CASE STUDY

An enduring  
customer relationship 

When the Nova Scotia Schools Insurance  
Exchange (NSSIE) appointed a new 
broker, strong customer relationships saw 
Ecclesiastical Canada retain and refresh  
this remarketed account. 

NSSIE has been an Ecclesiastical customer 
since 2009 and has chosen to remain with  
us through three changes of broker. The 
non-profit organisation manages all insurance 
placements for Nova Scotia schools and adult 
community colleges via its School Insurance 
Programme – a total insured  
value of around CAD$5.8bn. 

We know that our risk management, 
underwriting and claims expertise was central 
to NSSIE’s decision to reappoint us in 2015, 
together with coverage enhancements that 
met their specific needs.

The partnership between the 
School Insurance Program (SIP) 
and Ecclesiastical is more than just 
an insured–insurer relationship. 
SIP’s business is to provide quality 
insurance services to Nova Scotia 
schools. As a non-profit organisation, 
we welcome an insurer whose vision 
includes working for the greater 
good. This is one of the many 
reasons SIP finds an excellent fit 
with Ecclesiastical.

Diane McRae
Chief Executive Officer NSSIE

32

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

STRATEGY IN ACTION

Most trusted specialist adviser

We achieve  
this by 

Strategy  
in action

Highlights

Providing excellent service 
– building long-term sustainable 
relationships with our customers and 
their insurers 

Strengthening our proposition  
– deepening our expertise further in  
our chosen markets, cementing  
our position as market leaders  
in these areas

Building our business  
– delivering growth by developing  
new offerings and schemes  
which complement our existing  
niche markets

Working more closely together  
– developing closer operational links 
across the Group to offer solutions  
that meet our customers’ needs

Diversified into insurance for 
commercial drone operators

We rebranded South Essex Insurance 
Brokers to SEIB Insurance Brokers, 
increasing business opportunities  
by removing perceived regional ties

Integrated the 2014 acquisition of 
Lansdown successfully into SEIB

Working with other Ecclesiastical 
companies, we have created a 
number of focussed propositions, 
including a joint offering to Church  
of England clergy

SME business opportunities have 
been developed with the Essex 
Chamber of Commerce 

Sourced a new insurance product  
to address cybercrime issues

Finalists in Insurance Times  
Awards for Brand Campaign  
of the Year – Broker 

Finalists at the UK Broker Awards  
for Schemes Broker of the Year

Our UK Corporate Chartered  
Insurance status was renewed by  
the CII across our UK operations

SEIB maintained an exceptional 
customer satisfaction score of 97%

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

33

CASE STUDY

From cyber security to  
commercial drones: SEIB
meets new customer needs 

Our specialist brokers pride themselves on 
anticipating their customers’ changing needs  
and developing new products to meet them. 

When internet-enabled crime emerged as a 
growing issue, SEIB sourced a new insurance 
product to address it, partnering with a leading 
specialist insurer for cybercrime. Designed 
especially for small and medium-sized companies, 
the product offers increased indemnity limits for 
incidents such as denial of service and cyber- 
attacks. It also aims to meet businesses’ specific 
needs following an attack or accidental loss of 
data, by providing a dedicated helpline. 

SEIB has recently diversified into insurance for 
commercial drone operators, again demonstrating 
that it is at the forefront of understanding and 
catering for emerging risks.

Essex Chambers of Commerce is 
particularly grateful to SEIB for helping 
us to understand the implications of 
cyber-related crime to our business and 
to source suitable cover to match our 
business needs, as well as those of our 
business members. Furthermore, they are 
also successfully raising the awareness 
and importance of cyber insurance cover 
through membership of the Essex Business 
Crime Forum, which is chaired by the Police 
and Crime Commission for Essex.

Denise Rossiter
Chief Executive, Essex Chambers of Commerce 

34

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

STRATEGY IN ACTION

Best ethical investment provider

We achieve  
this by 

Strategy  
in action

Highlights

Creating a platform for growth  
– we are upgrading our IT capabilities 
to create a platform for growth and 
increase processing efficiency

Refining our service  
– we are enhancing our services to 
keep pace with the evolving needs  
of our customers 

Promoting socially  
responsible investment  
– we have an industry-leading reputation  
for our socially responsible investment 
funds and investment thought leadership 

Delivering long-term performance 
– we use a consistent proven approach 
to delivering long-term investment 
success

Developing our offering  
– we are developing and deepening 
our fund offering with particular  
focus on institutional investors and  
the charity segment

The investment management business 
has been rebranded to EdenTree 
Investment Management 

A market-leading investment website 
has been launched to service all  
clients, including institutional and 
charity investors, financial advisers  
and private investors

We have implemented an investment 
management system that supports 
electronic trading and automated 
compliance monitoring 

Our investment team sustained  
its award-winning track record, 
securing numerous plaudits based 
on its above-average long-term 
performance record

Secured top assessment rating  
of A+ from UNPRI (United Nations 
Principles of Responsible Investment) 
– an external, independent validation 
of EdenTree’s responsible investment 
process affirming our leadership 
position among our global peers

2015 Citywire Platinum rated for  
Mixed Asset Sector 

2015 Lipper’s Best Group over  
3 years for Mixed Assets Small 

Won FUNDCLASS European Funds 
Trophy for Best European Asset 
Manager – for 4 to 7 rated funds  
for the fourth year in a row

Awarded the Moneyfacts Best  
Ethical Investment Provider Award  
for the seventh year in a row, voted  
for by the Independent Financial 
Adviser community

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

35

CASE STUDY

EdenTree Higher Income Fund 
continues to win supporters

Launched in 1994, our award winning Higher 
Income Fund has demonstrated a strong long-term 
performance history.

In February 2015 it was selected by Hargreaves 
Lansdown as one of their favourite funds and joined 
their Wealth 150+ list. Hargreaves Lansdown is 
one of the largest investment platforms in the UK 
for private investors and the funds for this list are 
chosen following detailed assessments of fund 
investment strategies, in-depth mathematical 
analysis to find those funds that have produced 
consistent outperformance and thousands of hours 
of interviews with leading fund managers.

Hargreaves Lansdown believe 
this list offers the ultimate 
combination of ‘best in class’ 
performance potential and low 
management charges.

Hargreaves Lansdown

36

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Key Performance 
Indicators – financial

  Measure 

Performance

Donations

The amount donated 
by Ecclesiastical to 
charities and our 
charitable owner 
each year. This is the 
main measure of our 
ambition, which is to 
give £50m to charity 
over three years.

In 2014, transformation of our results 
allowed us to make £23.5m of grants to 
our charitable owner as well as £1.7m 
donations to other good causes.

Another year of consistent financial 
results has enabled us to continue our 
targeted level of charitable giving, with 
£20.6m of donations paid in 2015.

We have now made donations of £45.8m 
towards our goal of giving £50m to 
charity over three years. 

Donations
(£m)

0

20

30

10

11.7

20.6

25.2

Ecclesiastical’s capital position has 
remained strong throughout its period 
of transformation. We have balanced the 
need to retain profit within the business to 
support future growth and development with 
our target to distribute £50m to charity over 
three years.

5.7
The Group’s regulatory capital requirements 
’12
changed on 1 January 2016 as Solvency II  
was launched in the European Union. We 
have agreed a set of targets for capital  
cover on both the regulatory standard 
formula basis and our own view of economic  
capital. We are comfortable that we will 
be able to meet the Solvency II capital 
requirements.

’11

’14

’15

’13

5.5

Regulatory capital*

The capital resources 
available to meet 
the Prudential 
Regulation Authority’s 
(PRA) regulatory 
requirements.

The Enhanced Capital 
Requirement (ECR) is 
a risk-based statistical 
calculation based on 
the business written 
and assets held. 

ECR coverage is the 
ratio of PRA capital 
available to meet this 
requirement.

Our requirement is to  
exceed regulatory 
capital requirements  
at all times.

PR capital and ECR cover
(£m)

Broker Satisfaction Survey
(%)

100

94

94

88

79

38

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

200

100

0

142

’11

51

’12

102

98

15

’13

’14

’15

50

0

(£m)

Donations
(£m)

PR capital and ECR cover
(£m)

Profit/(Loss) before tax

(£m)

30

20

10

0

(£m)

400

300

200

100

0

200

100

0

25.2

20.6

5.5

400

300

200

100

0

353

362 371 379 371

3.1x

2.7x

2.6x

2.9x

3.0x

67

54

48

38

-8

92

96

103

105

109

90

100

110

500

400

300

200

100

484 481

399

329 308

46

39

40

40

36

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

-20

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

11.7

’11

5.7

’12

PRA Capital

ECR

PR capital and ECR cover
(£m)

Profit/(Loss) before tax
(£m)

353

362 371 379 371

3.1x

2.7x

2.6x

2.9x

3.0x

80

60

40

20

0

67

54

48

38

-8

92

96

103

105

109

Combined Operating Ratio

(%)

Gross Written Premium

(£m)

Net Expense Ratio

(%)

484 481

399

329 308

46

39

40

40

36

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

-20

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

Combined Operating Ratio

(%)

Gross Written Premium

(£m)

Net Expense Ratio

(%)

80

60

40

20

0

90

100

110

100

80

60

40

20

0

100

50

0

500

400

300

200

100

100

50

0

100

50

0

50

45

40

35

30

25

100

50

0

100

50

0

50

45

40

35

30

25

100

50

0

Broker Satisfaction Survey
(%)

100

94

94

88

79

Select broker

satisfaction survey (%)

96

Claims Satisfaction Survey 

– Direct (%)

SEIB Customer

Satisfaction Survey (%)

Risk Management Satisfaction Survey 

– Direct (%)

96

97

97

99

97

97

97

97

98

100

’12

’13

’14

’15

’15

’12

’13

’14

’15

’14

’15

’12

’13

’14

’15

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Select broker
satisfaction survey (%)

96

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Claims Satisfaction Survey 

– Direct (%)

SEIB Customer

Satisfaction Survey (%)

Risk Management Satisfaction Survey 

– Direct (%)

96

97

97

99

97

97

97

97

98

100

50

0

100

80

60

40

20

0

PRA Capital

ECR

PR capital and ECR cover
(£m)

142

’11

51

’12

102

98

15

’13

’14

’15

’12

’13

’14

’15

’15

’12

’13

’14

’15

’14

’15

’12

’13

’14

’15

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

  Measure 

Performance

Profit/(loss) before tax*

PR capital and ECR cover
(£m)

Better-than-expected Group underwriting 
profit, supported by stable total investment  
returns, delivered a year-on-year improvement  
in total profit which increased to £53.6m 
362 371 379 371
300
in 2015. 

353

400

200

100

2.6x

3.1x

Our Investment Management and Broking 
2.7x
3.0x
and Advisory divisions also continued to 
contribute consistent profits to the Group 
result.

2.9x

0

’12

’13

’14

’11

’15

More information on underwriting 
PRA Capital
performance is given below.

ECR

See the Financial Performance Report on 
page 44 for more details.

(£m)

Profit/(Loss) before tax
(£m)

80

60

40

20

0

67

54

48

38

-8

Combined Operating Ratio
(%)

Gross Written Premium

(£m)

Net Expense Ratio

(%)

92

96

103

105

109

90

100

110

500

400

300

200

100

484 481

399

329 308

46

39

40

40

36

-20

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

Donations
(£m)

The Group’s profit 
or loss (excluding 
discontinued operations) 
before deduction  
of tax.

25.2

20.6

’15

5.7

5.5

’12

Each year, refreshed 
11.7
targets are set in 
relation to the Group’s 
business plans for profit 
’14
’13
’11
before tax. Details of 
the target that was 
set for 2015 can be 
found in the Group 
Remuneration Report 
on page 123. Our 
short-term target is 
to generate sufficient 
profit to enable us to 
give £50m to charity 
over three years.

Combined operating ratio (COR)*

Profit/(Loss) before tax
(£m)

80

60

40

67

The COR has improved for a fourth 
consecutive year, reflecting the Group’s 
focus on underwriting and pricing discipline 
Broker Satisfaction Survey
prioritising profit over growth in the 
(%)
competitive business environment. The ratio 
exceeded our longer-term target for the first 
88
time since 2009 primarily driven by better-
than-expected performance of our liability 
’12
’11
business in 2015.
50

20
100

’14

’13

’15

38

48

54

94

79

94

-20

-8

0

See the Financial Performance Report on 
page 44 for more details.

0

(%)

90

100

110

Combined Operating Ratio
(%)

Gross Written Premium
(£m)

Net Expense Ratio

(%)

92

Select broker
satisfaction survey (%)

96

103

96

109

’12

’13

’14

’15

100

105

80

60

’11

40

20

0

Claims Satisfaction Survey 
484 481
– Direct (%)

399

329 308

96

97

97

99

SEIB Customer

46

Satisfaction Survey (%)

39

40

97

40

36

97

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

Risk Management Satisfaction Survey 

– Direct (%)

97

97

98

100

500

400

300

100

200

100

50

0

’12

’13

’14

’15

’15

’12

’13

’14

’15

’14

’15

’12

’13

’14

’15

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

PR capital and ECR cover
(£m)

362 371 379 371

The sum of 
Ecclesiastical’s general 
insurance incurred 
losses and expenses 
PR capital and ECR cover
divided by earned 
2.9x
(£m)
premiums for each 
financial year.

2.7x

2.6x

3.0x

353

3.1x

15

’15

’15

51

’13

’11

’12

’12

’13

’14

ECR

102

Each year, refreshed 
’11
targets are set in 
PRA Capital
relation to the Group’s 
business plans for the 
98
142
Group COR. Details 
’14
of the target that was 
set for 2015 can be 
found in the Group 
Remuneration Report on  
page 123. Our target 
over the longer term is 
to achieve a 95% COR.

30

20

10

0

400

300

200

100

200
0

100

0

Donations

(£m)

30

20

10

0

25.2

20.6

11.7

5.5

5.7

’12

’11

’13

’14

’15

* These figures have not been restated, they are as reported in the appropriate year’s report and accounts

PR capital and ECR cover

(£m)

Broker Satisfaction Survey
(%)

100

94

94

88

79

Select broker
satisfaction survey (%)

96

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

Claims Satisfaction Survey 
– Direct (%)

39

SEIB Customer
Satisfaction Survey (%)

Risk Management Satisfaction Survey 

– Direct (%)

96

97

97

99

97

97

97

97

98

100

200

100

0

142

’11

51

’12

102

98

15

’13

’14

’15

50

0

100

80

60

40

20

0

100

50

0

100

50

0

’12

’13

’14

’15

’15

’12

’13

’14

’15

’14

’15

’12

’13

’14

’15

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

50

45

40

35

30

25

100

50

0

50

45

40

35

100

30

25

50

0

100

50

0

SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Donations

(£m)

PR capital and ECR cover

Profit/(Loss) before tax

(£m)

(£m)

25.2

20.6

353

362 371 379 371

3.1x

2.7x

2.6x

2.9x

3.0x

400

300

200

100

0

11.7

5.5

5.7

’12

PRA Capital

ECR

80

60

40

20

0

67

54

48

38

-8

90

100

110

’11

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

-20

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

30

20

10

0

200

100

0

PR capital and ECR cover

(£m)

Broker Satisfaction Survey

(%)

100

94

94

88

79

Select broker

satisfaction survey (%)

96

142

’11

51

’12

102

98

15

’13

’14

’15

50

0

100

80

60

40

20

0

96

100

50

0

  Measure 

Performance

Net expense ratio (NER)*

Donations
(£m)

11.7

’11

5.7

’12

30

20

10

0

PR capital and ECR cover
(£m)

Profit/(Loss) before tax

(£m)

25.2

20.6

5.5

400

300

200

100

0

353

362 371 379 371

3.1x

2.7x

2.6x

2.9x

3.0x

80

60

40

20

0

67

54

48

38

-8

92

96

103

105

109

90

100

110

500

400

300

200

100

Combined Operating Ratio

(%)

Gross Written Premium

(£m)

Net Expense Ratio

(%)

484 481

399

329 308

46

39

40

40

36

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

-20

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

92

Combined Operating Ratio
Total expenses as a 
(%)
proportion of the net 
premium earned in the 
year. These expenses 
96
include acquisition costs, 
administration costs, the 
movement in deferred 
acquisition costs and 
’14
’12
commission paid less 
commission received. 

103

109

105

’11

’13

’15

Our aim is to make year-
on-year improvements in 
the NER.

Gross Written Premium
(£m)

Our NER increased in 2015 to 
46% with an 11% fall in net earned 
premium, offsetting a 2% decrease in 
484 481
net expenses. 

399

329 308

The storm and flood events in the 
UK significantly affected commission 
income from reinsurers, with the 
reduction contributing to 2% of the 
overall increase in NER.

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

500

400

300

200

100

We expect to continue to control our 
costs, seeking efficiencies where we 
can to ensure we can continue to 
invest in systems and processes that 
benefit our customers.

Net inflows (investments)

Net inflows are the 
difference between 
the gross sales and 
redemptions made during 
the period from third 
parties in the range of 
funds our investment 
division offers.
Claims Satisfaction Survey 
– Direct (%)

Each year refreshed 
targets are set which 
take into account current 
97
market conditions and 
potential new initiatives.

97

99

2015 proved to be a volatile and difficult 
year for many investment management 
companies and EdenTree was similarly 
affected, particularly in the second half 
of the year. Gross inflows remained 
similar to 2014, but outflows were 
almost equal to inflows leaving a net 
result of £15m for the year. This was 
SEIB Customer
below our target to maintain net inflows 
Satisfaction Survey (%)
at levels similar to those achieved 
in 2013 and 2014. We expect the 
97
continuing market volatility to depress 
net inflows during 2016.

100

97

50

(%)

Net Expense Ratio
(%)

PRA Capital

ECR

50

45

40

35

30

25

46

39

40

40

36

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

PR capital and ECR cover
(£m)

Broker Satisfaction Survey
(%)

100

94

94

88

79

Select broker

satisfaction survey (%)

96

Claims Satisfaction Survey 

– Direct (%)

SEIB Customer

Satisfaction Survey (%)

Risk Management Satisfaction Survey 

– Direct (%)

96

97

97

99

97

97

97

97

98

100

142

51

102

98

15

50

0

100

80

60

40

20

0

100

50

0

100

50

0

’12

Risk Management Satisfaction Survey 
’11
– Direct (%)

’13

’14

’15

97

97

98

100

’12

’13

’14

’15

’15

’12

’13

’14

’15

’14

’15

’12

’13

’14

’15

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

(£m)

200

100

0

100

50

50

45

40

35

30

25

100

50

0

* These figures have not been restated, they are as reported in the appropriate year’s report and accounts

0

0

’12

’13

’14

’15

’15

’12

’13

’14

’15

’14

’15

’12

’13

’14

’15

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

40

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

30

20

10

0

200

100

0

Donations

(£m)

PR capital and ECR cover

Profit/(Loss) before tax

(£m)

(£m)

Combined Operating Ratio

(%)

Gross Written Premium

(£m)

Net Expense Ratio

(%)

25.2

20.6

353

362 371 379 371

3.1x

2.7x

2.6x

2.9x

3.0x

400

300

200

100

0

80

60

40

20

0

67

54

48

38

-8

92

96

103

105

109

90

100

110

500

400

300

200

100

484 481

399

329 308

46

39

40

40

36

’11

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

-20

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

11.7

5.5

5.7

’12

PRA Capital

ECR

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Key Performance  
Indicators – non-financial

Donations
(£m)

PR capital and ECR cover
(£m)

  Measure 

30

      Performance

20

25.2

20.6

10

Direct customer satisfaction
Broker Satisfaction Survey
11.7
(%)
Results from customer 
satisfaction surveys carried 
94
out each year, relating to how 
well customers felt their claims 
were handled. The results of 
this survey include settled and 
partially settled property claims.

’11

79

94

88

40

0

PR capital and ECR cover

(£m)

142

’11

51

’12

102

98

15

’13

’14

’15

100

50

0

Donations
(£m)

’13

Customers are asked to rate their 
’14
’12
experience on a six-point scale: 
1 – extremely dissatisfied to  
6 – extremely satisfied. 
Very Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

’15

30

20

10

0

11.7

’11

Fairly Satisfied
We measure the level of 
400
25.2
positive satisfaction, particularly 
300
extremely and very satisfied.

20.6

200
Our target is to achieve at least 
100
90% very or extremely satisfied.
5.7
0

5.5

’13

’12
’14
Broker satisfaction

’15

Results from broker opinion 
surveys carried out each year. 

Brokers are asked to rate their 
experience, on a six-point scale: 
1 – extremely dissatisfied to  
6 – extremely satisfied. 

We measure the level of 
positive satisfaction, particularly 
extremely and very satisfied.

Our aim is to achieve over 90% 
satisfied score.

PR capital and ECR cover
(£m)

142

’11

51

’12

102

98

15

’13

’14

’15

200

100

0

100

50

0

80

5.7

’14

’12

’15

Select broker
satisfaction survey (%)
We take pride in placing the 
5.5
customer at the heart of everything 
96
’13
100
we do, particularly when they are 
in real need of help and support at 
the time of a claim. In 2015, 94% 
of customers surveyed were either 
extremely or very satisfied with the 
way their claim was handled and 
99% were satisfied overall.

60

20

0

’15

Very Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

PR capital and ECR cover
(£m)

Similar results were also seen in 
the responses for customer surveys 
on general satisfaction levels. 
Fairly Satisfied
In particular, 100% of our home 
362 371 379 371
353
insurance customers were satisfied 
with their new business experience 
2.7x
2.9x
3.1x
with us.

2.6x

3.0x

80

60

40

20

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

PRA Capital

ECR

0

-20

200

100

The Group continued to score a 
PR capital and ECR cover
good level of satisfaction with our 
(£m)
brokers in 2015, although the overall 
result has dropped by 6% over the 
prior year. Results have polarised this 
year with 6% more brokers being 
extremely/very satisfied with service. 
102
51
In 2015, 63% of our brokers were 
0
extremely/very satisfied.
’12

142

’15

’11

’13

’14

98

15

The result for our Select Brokers, 
a programme launched in 2015 
aimed at our key broker relationships, 
was an additional 11% stronger on 
overall extremely/very satisfied. In 
2015, 69% of our Select Brokers 
Broker Satisfaction Survey
were extremely or very satisfied while 
(%)
satisfaction remains at 96%. The Net 
Promoter Score (NPS) has increased 
94
from 32% to 42% in 2015.

88

94

79

This polarisation is also mirrored in  
Ansvar UK’s results, which has 
7% more brokers extremely/very 
satisfied with service over the prior 
year and a significant increase in 
’12
NPS form 38% in 2014 to 57%  
in 2015.

Extremely Satisfied

’13

’14

’15

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

50

45

40

35

30

25

50

0

90

100

110

500

400

300

200

100

100

50

0

100

50

0

50

45

40

35

30

25

100

50

0

(%)

50

45

40

35

30

25

100

50

0

100

50

0

353

362 371 379 371

3.1x

2.7x

2.6x

2.9x

3.0x

Claims Satisfaction Survey 
– Direct (%)

’11

’12

’13

96

97
PRA Capital

’14
97

’15

99

ECR

400

300

200

100

(%)
0
100

50

0

’13

’12

’14
Profit/(Loss) before tax
(£m)

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

67

54

48

38

-8

Profit/(Loss) before tax
(£m)

80

60

40

20

0

54

48

38

-8

SEIB Customer
Satisfaction Survey (%)

Combined Operating Ratio

(%)

Gross Written Premium

(£m)

Net Expense Ratio

(%)

Risk Management Satisfaction Survey 

103

105

– Direct (%)

109

92

96

500

400

300

200

100

484 481

399

329 308

46

39

40

40

36

-20

’11
100

’12

’14

’15

97

100

’11

’12

’13

’14

97

97

’15

98

100

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

67

’13

97

50

0

’15

’14

’15

’12

’13

’14

’15

Combined Operating Ratio
(%)

Very Satisfied

Satisfied

92

96

103

105

109

90

100

110

Gross Written Premium

Extremely Satisfied

Net Expense Ratio

(£m)

484 481

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

399

329 308

46

39

40

40

36

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

(%)

100

50

0

100

80

60

40

20

0

Broker Satisfaction Survey
(%)

94

79

94

88

Select broker
satisfaction survey (%)

96

100

80

60

40

20

0

Claims Satisfaction Survey 

– Direct (%)

SEIB Customer

Satisfaction Survey (%)

Risk Management Satisfaction Survey 

– Direct (%)

96

97

97

99

97

97

97

97

98

100

’12

’13

’14

’15

’15

’12

’13

’14

’15

’14

’15

’12

’13

’14

’15

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Select broker
satisfaction survey (%)

Claims Satisfaction Survey 
– Direct (%)

SEIB Customer

Satisfaction Survey (%)

Risk Management Satisfaction Survey 

– Direct (%)

96

’15

100

50

0

96

97

97

99

97

97

97

97

98

100

’12

’13

’14

’15

’14

’15

’12

’13

’14

’15

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

41

Very Satisfied

Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Donations

(£m)

PR capital and ECR cover

Profit/(Loss) before tax

(£m)

(£m)

Combined Operating Ratio

(%)

Gross Written Premium

(£m)

Net Expense Ratio

(%)

80

60

40

20

0

67

54

48

38

-8

92

96

103

105

109

90

100

110

500

400

300

200

100

484 481

399

329 308

46

39

40

40

36

’11

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

-20

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

30

20

10

0

11.7

5.5

5.7

’12

25.2

20.6

353

362 371 379 371

3.1x

2.7x

2.6x

2.9x

3.0x

400

300

200

100

0

PRA Capital

ECR

0

20

40

60

80

100

105

’11

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

-20

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

80

60

0

40

20

0

67

’12

’13

’14

48

54

’15

38

Extremely Satisfied

-8

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

90

100

110

PR capital and ECR cover

(£m)

Broker Satisfaction Survey

(%)

100

94

94

88

79

Donations

(£m)

PR capital and ECR cover

Profit/(Loss) before tax

50

(£m)

25.2

20.6

0

142

353

’11

51

’12

102

98

362 371 379 371

’13

’14

’15

15

3.1x

2.7x

2.6x

2.9x

3.0x

200

(£m)

100

400

300

200

100

0

PRA Capital

ECR

11.7

5.5

5.7

’12

PR capital and ECR cover

(£m)

Broker Satisfaction Survey

(%)

100

94

94

88

79

Select broker

satisfaction survey (%)

96

30

20

10

0

200

100

0

142

’11

51

’12

102

98

15

’13

’14

’15

50

0

100

80

60

40

20

0

100

50

0

96

’12

’12

’13

’14

’15

’15

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

50

45

40

35

30

25

100

50

0

Risk Management Satisfaction Survey 
– Direct (%)

97

97

98

100

’12

’13

’14

’15

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

SEIB Customer
Satisfaction Survey (%)

97

97

Net Expense Ratio
(%)

39

’14
40
Very Satisfied

36

Satisfied

46

’15

40

(%)

100

50

50

0
45

40

35

30

25

SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

  Measure 

Performance

SEIB customer satisfaction

Select broker
satisfaction survey (%)

Results from a satisfaction 
survey carried out by our 
96
broker SEIB. The survey 
was set up in 2014 and 
covers the administration, 
Combined Operating Ratio
claims, commercial 
(%)
client and new business 
departments, and relates 
to how satisfied SEIB’s 
’15
customers were with the 
96
service they received.

103
Extremely Satisfied

92

109

’12

Very Satisfied

’13

Fairly Satisfied

Customers were asked 
to rate their service 
’15
experience on a ten-point 
scale: 10 – very satisfied  
to 0 – not satisfied.

’14

100

50

96

97

99

Claims Satisfaction Survey 
– Direct (%)

SEIB customer satisfaction results have 
been very pleasing over the past 2 years 
with 97% of SEIB’s customers who 
97
responded to the survey, being either very 
satisfied or satisfied in 2015. From these 
results, a staggering 87% of SEIB’s 
customers fell into the very satisfied 
category rating the service they received 
484 481
as a 9 or 10. This is well above our target 
’14
’13
399
for 90% satisfaction.

Gross Written Premium
(£m)

’12

’15

500
0
400

300

200

100

Extremely Satisfied

329 308

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

We have measured the 
level of positive satisfaction 
and we have based the 
results on scores of 7-8  
being satisfied and scores  
of 9-10 being very satisfied.

Our target is to achieve at 
least 90% of customers 
being satisfied or very 
satisfied with the service 
they receive.

Risk management satisfaction survey – direct

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

’11

’12

’13

’14

’15

Risk Management Satisfaction Survey 
– Direct (%)

97

97

98

100

(%)

100

50

0

’12

’13

’14

’15

Extremely Satisfied

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

SEIB Customer
Our Risk Management team supports 
Satisfaction Survey (%)
our customers in the identification, 
quantification (including valuations), 
assessment and improvement of risk.

100

97

97

50

Our surveyors and consultants conduct 
on-site survey assessments at periodic 
intervals with a view to helping our 
customers understand and protect 
themselves from risk. 

0

’14

’15

We also provide customer guidance 
Very Satisfied
online and via regular risk insight updates. 
Satisfied

Having a strong in-house risk 
management service is seen as a key 
competence for the Group and is clearly 
valued by our customers who responded 
to the survey, with 92% very or extremely 
satisfied with their risk management survey  
and 100% satisfied. Of those customers 
surveyed, 98% are satisfied with their risk 
management report of which 88% are 
very or extremely satisfied.

Claims Satisfaction Survey 
– Direct (%)

99

97

This is a new KPI. 
Following our site surveys, 
customers are asked to 
97
complete a customer 
satisfaction report in 
respect of their on-site 
experience with our 
surveyor or consultant and 
the quality and clarity of 
’13
advice provided.
Extremely Satisfied
Customers are asked 
Very Satisfied
to rate their experience 
Fairly Satisfied
on a six point scale 1 – 
extremely dissatisfied to  
6 – extremely satisfied.

’15

’14

We measure the level 
of positive satisfaction, 
particularly extremely and 
very satisfied. Our target 
is to achieve at least 90% 
very or extremely satisfied 
customer feedback.

42

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

r
o
t
c
o
r
P
r
a
k
s
O
y
b
h
p
a
r
g
o
t
o
h
P

 
 
 
SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Financial  
Performance Report 

We delivered another year of strong and consistent financial results, 
reporting a pre-tax profit of £53.6m (2014: £48.2m). Our underwriting 
performance improved again, despite a more active year for property 
claims across all of our territories. Investment returns were also similar 
to last year in the face of challenging markets, particularly in the 
second half of the year. 

Our consistent financial performance and continuing 
strong capital position have enabled us to make 
further substantial charitable grants to ATL. Grants 
of £20m were paid during the year taking our total 
charitable giving since the start of 2014 to £45.8m. 

We invested in our investment management business 
during the year, rebranding as EdenTree and 
continuing the modernisation of their IT systems. We 
continued to streamline and develop our broking and 
advisory business in the year, successfully concluding 
the sale of our legacy mortgage book in the early 
months of the year.

General insurance

Our underwriting performance for the year was a 
profit of £15.9m (2014: £10.7m profit), resulting 
in a Group COR of 92.0% (2014: 95.2%). Each 
of our business units has delivered an underlying 
underwriting profit for a second year.

United Kingdom and Ireland

Our insurance businesses in the UK and Ireland 
reported an underwriting profit of £14.5m (2014: 
£10.4m profit) and a COR of 90.4% (2014: 94.0%).

It has been a more active year for property claims with 
a higher than average cost of large losses, particularly 
fire losses, together with the storms and floods that 
hit the UK in December. We incurred net losses of 
£12.2m in respect of those weather events which 
were adequately reserved for at the year end.

The performance of our liability book, however, 
has continued to improve and produced strong 

profits, enhancing the overall positive underwriting 
performance for the year. Current year claims 
performance has been better than expected, and 
we have also had the benefit of reserve releases as 
historical claims have been settled at amounts that 
were less than anticipated.

In 2015, GWP has fallen by 7% to £228m (2014: 
£246m). Retention levels were high at 85%, despite 
further losses of academies to the Department 
for Education's risk protection arrangement for 
academy trusts. We considered all new business 
carefully and did not seek to write business at 
prices we considered unsustainable.

Our Strategy over the medium-term is to seek 
moderate GWP growth by adding good-quality 
business at a steady pace, but we expect the 
market environment to remain very competitive, 
particularly for commercial property business. 
We will not expect to change our approach, in 
accordance with our philosophy of not putting our 
underwriting performance at risk by seeking growth 
above profit. 

Ansvar Australia

Australia achieved an underlying underwriting profit 
of AUD$0.2m (COR 99.3%) before the impact of 
movements on discount rates, which resulted in 
an underwriting loss of AUD$0.7m overall (2014: 
AUD$2.1m loss). The business was affected by 
a higher than average number of catastrophe 
events during the year, which was an issue for the 
whole Australian market. However, the reinsurance 
arrangements in place reduced the impact of these 
losses to a manageable level. 

44

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE REPORT

GWP grew by 4% in local currency to AUD$76.2m 
(2014: AUD$73.5m). Retention rates remained very 
strong and new business was 40% ahead of the  
prior year. 

Canada

Canada continued its track record of delivering 
strong, profitable growth, reporting a 9% increase 
in GWP in the year in local currency. The branch’s 
contribution to GWP increased to CAD$77.9m 
(2014: CAD$71.6m).

The territory reported an underwriting profit of 
CAD$2.0m (2014: CAD$3.0m profit), a COR of 
96.5%. As with other territories, it has been a  
more active year for property claims than in the  
prior year with higher than expected costs coming 
from large losses.

Other insurance operations 

Profits were improved by releases of reserves from 
our businesses in run-off, resulting in an overall profit 
of £0.8m (2014: £0.2m loss). 

Investments 

Against the backdrop of rising political tensions 
across the world, increased concern over the extent 
of the economic slowdown in China, and deterioration 
of growth in emerging economies, market volatility 
increased in the second half of 2015. The price of  
oil and other major resources continued to fall,  
hitting multi-year lows, significantly damaging  
many companies’ balance sheets and  
dividend-paying ability. 

Over the course of 2015, the FTSE All-Share Index 
produced a return of 1.0% while the FTSE 100 Index 
ended the year down 4.9%. By contrast, our  
UK equity portfolio increased by 4.4%, outperforming  
both indices, reflecting its lower weighting in poorly 
performing sectors such as oil and mining. 

Government bond yields ended the year marginally 
higher, though they succumbed to significant bouts 

of volatility. Quantitative easing from the Eurozone 
and Japan, the surprise devaluation of the Chinese 
Yuan in August, fears about a Chinese growth 
slowdown and persistent commodity price declines 
all pushed global bond yields lower at different 
times throughout the year. 

The end of 2015 was dominated by central bank 
monetary policy divergence between the US 
Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank 
(ECB). While the Federal Reserve saw fit to begin 
the process of interest rate normalisation, the ECB 
took the opposite approach, extending the duration 
of its asset purchase programme. These policy 
announcements triggered a bond sell-off which 
caused yields to rise in the final weeks of the year.

In 2015, our UK bond portfolio produced a total 
return of 1.1%, which compared favourably against 
the FT All Stocks Gilt Index’s 0.6% return for the 
same period, due to its short dated position. 

Investment management 

The Group’s investment management business 
completed a successful rebrand as EdenTree during 
2015, as ethical investment continues to become 
more main-stream in investment management 
markets, reflecting the future growth ambitions 
of the company. The new brand coincided with 
the launch of a new EdenTree website, digital 
advertising, use of social media and national 
outdoor advertising. The team also launched a 
new front office IT platform to support investment 
trading and compliance activities, delivering better 
service to clients. Despite the change in name, 
there has been no change to the strategic aims of 
the business as it continues to focus on an active,  
value-based and long-term approach to stock picking,  
building upon its long track record of delivering 
profit with principles for investors and charities.

EdenTree benefited from receipt of a one-off 
performance fee of £0.7m in 2014, which was not 
repeated in 2015, meaning overall fee income for 
the year decreased by 4.7% to £13.6m (2014: 
£14.3m). Pre-tax profits fell to £1.8m (2014: 
£3.2m) reflecting the level of investment made 
during the year in the operations of the business. 

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

45

SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Stock market volatility increased during the second 
half of the year and led to greater investor caution 
with the industry as a whole generally experiencing 
net outflows in 2015. Faced with a challenging 
investment environment, EdenTree generated net 
inflows to its funds of £15m (2014: £98m net 
inflow), holding assets under management at the 
end of the year of £2.3bn (2014: £2.3bn).

EdenTree has maintained its track record as a 
multi-award-winning ethical investment provider, 
with the company winning the Moneyfacts Best 
Ethical Investment Provider Award for a seventh 
consecutive year. Its funds continue to win awards, 
as shown earlier in the Strategic Report on page 35. 
EdenTree was rated platinum by Citywire, and 
across the team our Fund Managers continue to be 
highly rated. 

Long-term insurance

The long-term insurance business result for 2015  
was a profit of £1.0m (2014: £0.2m loss). 
Ecclesiastical Life Limited is closed to new business 
and the expected favourable run-off of the business 
during the year was enhanced by the positive 
impact of increased bond yields. 

Broking and advisory

The broking and advisory business comprises our 
insurance broker business SEIB and EFAS, our small 
financial advisory business.

In 2015, SEIB was affected by disruption during the 
transition of one scheme to another provider. Profit 
before tax reduced to £2.2m (2014: £3.0m).

EFAS completed the sale of its mortgage book in 
early 2015, as the business looks to focus on its  
core independent financial advisory and funeral  
plan administration business. It reported a small 
loss of £0.3m in the year (2014: £1.0m loss which 
included £0.6m of costs in relation to the sale of the 
mortgage book).

Overall, our broking and advisory business delivered a  
stable pre-tax profit of £1.9m (2014: £2.0m profit).

Ian Campbell 
Group Chief Financial Officer

Grants of £20m were paid during the 
year taking our total charitable giving 
since the start of 2014 to £45.8m.

46

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Risk Management
Report

Introduction

The Group’s Business Model is explained in detail 
on page 26. The operations of the Group present a 
number of risks including Insurance, Market, Credit, 
Operational, and Strategic. 

An enterprise-wide risk management framework 
has been embedded across the Group, with the 
purpose of providing the tools, guidance, policies, 
standards and defined responsibilities to enable 
us to achieve our Strategy and objectives. This 
also ensures that individual and aggregated risks 
to our objectives are identified and managed on a 
consistent basis. 

The risk management framework is integrated into 
the culture of the Group and is owned by the Board. 
Responsibility for the implementation and oversight 
is delegated to the Group Risk Function, led by the 
Group Chief Risk Officer. This is supported by three 
executive Risk Management Committees:

  the (Non-Life) Insurance Risk Committee  

which has oversight of the non-life insurance 
risks of the Group including counterparty risk;

  the Investment and Market Risk Committee 
which has oversight of the investment and 
market risks of the Group; and

  the Group Operational Risk Committee  

which has oversight for all the operational  
risks of the Group. 

The insurance risks relating to our life business  
are overseen by the Life Management Committee. 

The risk management process demands 
accountability and is embedded in performance 
measurement and reward, thus promoting clear 
ownership for risk and operational efficiency at  
all levels. 

CE
N
FE
E

RISK
STRATEGY

RISK APPETITE

RISK POLICIES & STANDARDS

R

I

S

K

INTERNAL
MODEL

S OF D

E

E LIN

E
R

D TH

N
K A
R
O

EW

M

A

RISK
MANAGEMENT
PROCESS

STRESS &
SCENARIO
TESTING

ORSA

R

E

P

O

R

T

I

N

G

&

M

O

N

I

T

O

R

I

N

G

BUSINESS
PERFORMANCE
& CAPITAL
MANAGEMENT

VALUES & CULTURE

PEOPLE, SYSTEMS & PROCESSES

GOVERNANCE

OL FR
NTR
O

AL C

N
R

INTE

48

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

 
 
 
RISK MANAGEMENT REPORT

On an annual basis, the Group Risk Committee (on 
behalf of the Board) identifies key strategic risks for 
the Group with input from the Group Management 
Board (GMB) and the Strategic Business Units 
(SBUs). The Group Risk Committee allocates 
responsibility for each of the risks to individual 
members of the Group’s executive management. 
Any risk management actions that arise are regularly 
monitored and any gaps in risk mitigants challenged.

The key to the success of this process is the 
deployment of a strong Three Lines of Defence 
Model whereby the:

  1st Line (Business Management) is responsible 
for strategy, performance and management of 
risks arising;

  2nd Line (Reporting, Oversight and Guidance)  
is responsible for establishing minimum 
standards, appropriate reporting, oversight 
and challenge of our risk profiles and risk 
management activities within each of our 
businesses. This includes executive Risk 
Management Committees and is subject to 
oversight and challenge by the Group Risk 
Committee; and the

  3rd Line (Assurance) provides independent 
and objective assurance of the effectiveness 
of the Group’s systems of internal control. This 
activity principally comprises the Group Internal 
Audit function which is subject to oversight and 
challenge by the Group Audit Committee.

We have a continuously evolving approach to 
enterprise risk management and use emerging 
experience to refine our approach. During 2015,  
key improvements included:

  formal documentation of the risk  
management framework;

  further embedding of the risk management 
framework within the 1st line of defence;

  consolidation of the qualitative risk profiles  
with a focus on business plans; 

  significant development of quantitative risk 
profiling capabilities to ensure capture of 
all material risks and the development of an 
Internal Model validation framework;

  a revised Group risk appetite to strengthen  
risk oversight which was approved by the Group 
Risk Committee on behalf of the Board and 
refreshed SBU risk appetites aligned to the 
Group appetite;

  enhanced stress testing and scenario analysis;

  enhanced control risk and self-assessment 
(CRSA) process;

  implementation of a policy framework supported 
by standards and guidance; and

  improvements were made to the Own Risk and 
Solvency Assessment (ORSA) process.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

49

SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Risk appetite

The risk appetite defines the level of risk-taking 
that the Board feel is appropriate for the Group 
as we pursue our business objectives. It has been 
defined in line with the different categories of risk 
that the Group faces, and provides the backdrop 
against which the business plan is developed and 
validated. This ensures that the risk profile resulting 
from the business plan is in line with the risk-taking 
expectations of the Board. Compliance with the risk 
appetite is reported to the Group Risk Committee at 
each meeting. A formal escalation process exists for 
activities outside of the risk appetite. 

The risk appetite is refreshed at least annually and 
is signed-off and approved by the Board. 

The Board takes the reputation of the Group 
seriously and will not undertake any activity whose 
outcome might reasonably be expected to have 
a sufficiently negative reputational impact on the 
Group and undermine the sustainability of the 
Business Model.

Our overarching risk appetite sets the minimum 
levels of capital and solvency that the Group wishes 
to maintain, and contains statements detailing the 
maximum exposure to different risk types that are 
deemed to be desirable. This includes limits on the 
type, nature, size and concentration of insurance 
risks that will be accepted by the Group and limits 
on the mix of assets to be held within the Group’s 
investment portfolio.

The main objective of our risk appetite is to ensure 
that we have sufficient capital to meet our liabilities 
and maintain our financial strength in extreme 
adverse scenarios. The risk appetite aims to achieve 
and support a credit rating of at least single A minus  
from Standard & Poor’s (S&P).

Quantitative risk measures  
and stress testing framework

The tool we use to measure aggregate risk is 
our Internal Model, which has been calibrated to 
estimate the internal view of the capital resources 
required to deliver our business plan. Over the 
last year we have improved both the scope and 
methodology of our Internal Model to better reflect 
the risk profile. The model has become further 
embedded in our strategic decision-making 
processes. As an example, the Internal Model 
was used as an input to the development of our 
reinsurance strategy and pricing decisions and 
setting of investment strategy.

Under the Solvency I Regime this model was used 
to calculate our capital requirements. With the 
introduction of Solvency II our regulatory capital 
requirement will be calculated using the standard 
formula, although we will continue to use and 
develop our Internal Model alongside this. Our 
intention is to seek regulatory approval for our 
Internal Model as the basis for the calculation of  
our regulatory capital requirements during 2017. 

We have continued to refine a comprehensive 
stress testing and scenario analysis framework to 
complement our quantitative risk measures.

This framework seeks to stress the business plan 
and identifies potential outcomes generated from a 
range of scenarios, providing evidence to the Board 
that the plan is robust. These stress tests are also 
used to identify additional actions that can be taken, 
including contingency plans, to mitigate any risks 
or potential adverse experiences identified. As such 
the Group uses stress and scenario testing as a key 
component of its business planning process. 

50

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

RISK MANAGEMENT REPORT

Principle risks

The Board of directors has carried out a robust assessment of the 
principal risks that could have the highest potential to damage the 
Business Model, the Strategy or solvency of the Group both in the 
short and long term. Those risks identified are as follows:

Risk type  
and description 

Insurance risks

Why we have it 

How we mitigate it

Business mix, underwriting and pricing risk

General insurance is our 
core business. It is a highly 
competitive business.  
The premium required for an 
insurance policy needs to 
reflect the cover provided  
and the risk factors present.

The risk of failure 
to price insurance 
products adequately for 
claims costs, expenses, 
cost of capital and 
profit requirements; 
failure to manage 
portfolio risk according 
to the underwriting 
cycle; failure to 
establish appropriate 
underwriting disciplines.

Disciplined underwriting and pricing is central 
to our business and the success of the Group. 
We have targeted training programmes in place 
to ensure the correct skill set is maintained and 
developed. There continues to be significant 
investment in underwriting and pricing capabilities 
across the Group, and the organisational structure 
in the UK General Insurance business is now well 
established. A documented underwriting strategy 
and risk appetite is in place to ensure there is a 
clear focus on our chosen niches and classes of 
business, and all underwriters have documented 
authority levels to which they must adhere. 

This risk has not changed materially over the 
year. Actions continue to be taken to improve our 
underwriting capabilities and improve the quality 
of the business we write. 

Claims reserving risk

The risk of actual claims 
payments exceeding  
the amount we are 
holding in reserves. 

Claims reserving risk is a 
natural consequence of 
incurring insurance claims. 
Throughout the lifecycle of  
a claim the estimated 
ultimate cost will vary as 
additional information 
becomes available.

The Goddard inquiry, which 
is an independent inquiry 
into child sexual abuse in 
England and Wales, in the 
UK may have an impact on 
the frequency and severity of 
Physical and Sexual Abuse 
(PSA) claims across the 
insurance industry. This is an 
emerging risk that we are 
actively monitoring.

Claims development and reserving levels are closely 
monitored. Claims reserving risk primarily arises 
from long-tail liability business. For statutory and 
financial reporting purposes, prudential margins 
are added to a best estimate outcome to allow 
for uncertainties. This approach may result in a 
favourable release of the previous year’s provisions 
within the current financial year. Claims reserves are 
reviewed and signed-off by the Board acting on the 
advice and recommendations of the Group Reserving 
Actuary, Actuarial Function Director, the Reserving 
Committee and the Group Audit Committee.

Further information on this risk is given in notes 2, 3 
and 27 to the financial statements in section 4 of  
this Annual Report and Accounts.

We believe that this risk has remained at a similar 
level during the year given our prudent approach  
to reserving.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

51

SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Risk type  
and description 

Insurance risks

Reinsurance mix

The risk of failing to 
access and manage 
reinsurance capacity  
at a reasonable price.

Why we have it 

How we mitigate it

This risk is managed by taking a long-term 
relationship view towards reinsurance purchases 
to deliver sustainable capacity rather than benefit 
from opportunistic results. Strict criteria exist 
which relate to the ratings of the reinsurers we 
choose and a Reinsurance Security Committee 
approves all of our reinsurance partners. 

We purchase reinsurance to protect against 
property catastrophe events that are predicted to 
occur up to every 250 to 500 years, depending 
upon the territory.

The level of this risk has remained broadly similar 
over the year.

Reinsurance is a central 
component of our Business 
Model, enabling us to insure 
a portfolio of large risks in 
proportion to our capital base. 

The current Business Model 
for our Australian subsidiary 
utilises a 100% property 
reinsurance arrangement. 

The global reinsurance 
market has seen a large 
amount of merger and 
acquisition activity during 
2015. This has not restricted 
the capacity available or 
adversely affected our ability 
to place the reinsurance 
programme. 

Concentration and model error risk

The risk of failure 
to manage risk 
concentrations across 
our different business 
and risk areas, and 
including reliance on 
models which if found 
to be wrong could 
give rise to significant 
unplanned losses.

Exposure measures are 
fundamental to determining 
our reinsurance purchases. 
Errors within the models 
could fail to identify 
significant concentrations  
of risk and lead to the  
Group having net retentions 
which are in excess of our 
risk appetite.

Risk appetite limits have been established to 
manage our concentrations of risk and these are 
reviewed regularly by the Group Risk Committee. 

The risk is mitigated through the use of industry 
recognised models that have been validated by 
the vendors as well as our own assessments of 
their appropriateness, alongside our scenario and 
stress testing framework. 

The level of risk has remained static during the year.

52

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

Risk type  
and description 

Market risk

Market risk

The risk of adverse 
movements in net  
asset values arising 
from a change in 
interest rates, equity 
and property prices, 
credit spreads and 
foreign exchange rates.

RISK MANAGEMENT REPORT

Why we have it 

How we mitigate it

Market risk principally arises 
from investments held by the 
Group. We accept such risks 
to seek enhanced returns on 
these investments.

Our investment strategy for 
assets backing reserves is 
primarily focused on fixed 
income stocks. This gives  
us exposure to interest  
rate risk. We also hold 
some of our investments 
in corporate bonds, which 
expose us to credit spread 
risk, for which higher 
expected yields are obtained.

Market risk also arises as 
we have a significant equity 
portfolio.

A proportion of our equity 
portfolio is invested in 
overseas equities. This 
gives us exposure to wider 
investment opportunities and 
diversified returns but also 
introduces currency risk. 

A robust investment risk management framework 
is in place to mitigate the impact of changes in 
financial markets.

Our Fund Manager, EdenTree, manages our  
funds in accordance with the investment strategy 
and guidelines agreed by the Finance and 
Investment Committee. 

Interest rate risk is partly managed through 
selecting stocks of an appropriate duration 
that will match the expected cash flows from 
longer-term liabilities, and partly through holding 
stocks with a relatively short period to maturity, 
that are not exposed to significant volatility upon 
changes in interest rates. 

Credit spread risk is controlled through the 
investment strategy and guidelines agreed by the 
Finance and Investment Committee. It is managed 
by EdenTree’s assessments of risk and by limiting 
our exposure to both non-rated and lower-rated 
bonds, and ensuring that we adhere to the limits 
set for exposure to any single issuer.

We hold a relatively significant equity portfolio 
in order to deliver a risk-adjusted long-term 
investment return on capital. When we feel it is 
appropriate, we will use derivatives to reduce 
equity exposure. A small amount of hedging of 
equity risk was in place during 2015.

We manage our exposure to liabilities in our 
overseas businesses by holding appropriate  
levels of cash and investments in local currencies.  
We ensure that currency risk is appropriately 
monitored and controlled and is overseen by our 
Group Finance function in order to reduce the 
impact of fluctuating currency rates. Currency risk 
arising from holding overseas equities is accepted 
as part of the decision to invest in such assets.

We have increased diversification in our asset 
portfolio by investing more in property. We mitigate  
investment property risk by ensuring that appropriate  
due diligence is conducted on all prospective 
investments and through the monitoring of 
concentration risk, performance, sector allocation 
and income. 

Further information on this risk is given in note 4  
to the financial statements starting on page 153.

This risk has not changed materially over the year.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

53

SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Risk type  
and description 

Credit risk

Credit risk

The risk of non-payment 
of their obligations 
by counterparties 
and financial markets 
borrowers.

Why we have it 

How we mitigate it

Our principal exposure 
to credit risk arises from 
reinsurance, which is central 
to our Business Model. 

Additional credit risk arises 
from our investment in debt 
securities, cash deposits 
and amounts owed to 
us by intermediaries and 
policyholders.

Reinsurer credit risk is overseen by the Group 
Reinsurance Security Committee, principally through 
careful selection and monitoring of reinsurance 
partners. All reinsurers on the 2015 and 2016 
reinsurance programmes have a minimum rating  
of A minus from S&P or an equivalent agency at  
the time of purchase. 

Reliance on a single counterparty by our subsidiary, 
Ansvar Australia, continued due to the reinsurance 
arrangement with National Indemnity, which is part 
of the Berkshire Hathaway Group; however, it has a 
very strong S&P rating of AA+. 

Investment credit default risk is managed using 
the same processes as for credit spread risk as 
noted under Market Risk.

We utilise robust agency and collection procedures  
to ensure that our credit and bad debt risk from 
our intermediaries and policyholders is minimised.

The level of this risk remained largely unchanged 
during the year. 

Further information on this risk is given in note 4 
to the financial statements starting on page 153.

Operational risks

IT systems, data quality and business intelligence risk

The risk of shortfalls in 
the quality or availability 
of management 
information required  
for decision-making, 
inadequate, ageing or 
unsupported systems  
and infrastructure, and 
system failure preventing 
processing efficiency.

Accessing claims data in 
relation to the risk offered 
is a key tool in enabling 
sufficient and competitive 
pricing. Other management 
information is vital to ensure 
timely decision making 
or responses to claims or 
other market developments. 

Efficient and reliable 
systems are paramount 
to delivering excellent 
customer service and 
business processing.

There has been significant focus on the 
accuracy, completeness and appropriateness 
of data and on the development of a strategic 
data warehouse.

A number of projects are underway to replace 
legacy systems and upgrade the key business 
systems. 

An enablement strategy has been developed to 
define the long-term approach for our systems, 
processing and data. 

The level of this risk has remained the same 
this year.

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RISK MANAGEMENT REPORT

Risk type  
and description 

Why we have it 

How we mitigate it

Operational risk

Regulatory and legal risk

Regulatory and legal  
risk is the risk of non-
compliance with  
applicable law and  
regulations, unenforceable  
contractual rights and 
any dispute resolution or 
other proceedings arising 
in relation to legal rights. 
This includes the conduct 
elements of failing to 
deliver fair outcomes for 
consumers or resulting  
in consumer detriment. 

Cyber security risk

The risk of criminal or 
unauthorised use of 
electronic information, 
either belonging to the 
Group or its stakeholders. 

Conduct risk

The risk of unfair 
outcomes arising from 
the Company’s conduct 
in its direct relationship 
with customers, or where 
the Company has a direct 
duty to customers.

Regulatory and legal risk 
arises in each territory in 
which we write business and 
this can result in significant 
cost and reputational 
implications if it is not 
managed appropriately.

Legal and regulatory developments are monitored 
throughout the Group and working parties are 
established where necessary to consider significant 
developments which affect our business. 

The regulatory compliance function is key to  
the oversight of this risk and provides advice  
and guidance to the 1st line of defence.  
Regulatory compliance continued to increase 
in importance during 2015 with the continuing 
development of the PRA and Financial Conduct 
Authority (FCA) regimes. 

The level of this risk has remained the same during 
the year.

Increasing reliance is placed 
on electronic processing, 
storage and transmission 
of customer, company and 
employee information. 
Cyber security threats 
from malicious parties are 
increasing.

We have a number of proactive and preventative 
technical controls to deny malicious or unauthorised 
access to our systems, confidential data and 
internal infrastructure. These controls operate at 
different levels within our technology infrastructure, 
strategically placed to restrict access and safeguard 
our systems and data.

The level of the risk has increased over the year due 
to the increasing number and sophistication of threats 
seen by many organisations across all industries.  
The management of this risk is owned by the Board.

As a Company, we place 
the customer at the heart of 
the business, treating them 
fairly and ethically, whilst 
safeguarding the interests 
of all other key stakeholders. 
Regulatory principles in the  
territories in which we operate  
aim to protect customers. 

A conduct risk framework has been developed 
during 2015 which includes enhanced Consumer 
Risk Board reporting alongside specific risk 
appetite metrics. 

A project is underway which includes the 
development of customer charters and 
improvements to the product review process 
across the Group. 

The level of this risk has remained the same this year.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

55

SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Risk type  
and description 

Why we have it 

How we mitigate it

Operational risk

Other operational risks

The risk of unexpected 
loss or cost arising 
from other operational 
risks not covered above 
but includes employee 
risks, internal or external 
events, and inadequate  
or inefficient processes. 

Operational risk is inherent 
in the business and it is 
not always cost effective 
or possible to completely 
eradicate such risks by 
the implementation of 
mitigating actions. 

Reputational risk

The risk of a reduction 
in trust by customers, 
brokers, reinsurers and 
other stakeholders as 
a result of an event or 
series of events.

As a specialist financial 
services group with 
a distinctive ethical 
positioning, maintaining our 
reputation in our chosen 
markets is key to our 
success.

We always aim to be fair to 
our stakeholders. However, 
if disagreements occur, 
it could result in negative 
commentary in many forms 
of media.

During 2015 we continued to strengthen 
our operational risk management through 
the consolidation and embedding of the risk 
management framework. This includes the 
continued development of the operational risk 
profiles which capture risks and management 
actions within each of our business areas. These 
profiles are specifically focused on the delivery of 
individual business area's plans and objectives. On 
an annual basis a CRSA process is undertaken 
by each SBU and they attest to the overall 
effectiveness of their management of risk. 

The Group risk appetite contains a number of 
statements which clearly define the appetite 
for operational risk. In addition operational risk 
scenario analysis is undertaken which helps to 
identify additional management actions required 
and the results are taken into account in capital 
requirement considerations. 

Each area of our Group has a disaster recovery 
and business continuity plan in place that is 
regularly tested and updated.

The level of this risk is largely unchanged  
over the year.

Reputational risk is primarily managed through our 
approach to treating stakeholders fairly, combined 
with the other actions taken to manage risks to 
our financial position. Our Group’s purpose is to 
contribute to society’s greater good by managing 
a portfolio of businesses operating to the highest 
ethical principles and delivering significant financial 
returns to ATL and this is reflected in all our 
business activities and operations. More information 
on our Group’s ambitions can be found in our 
Business Model and our Strategy sections starting 
on page 26 and 29 respectively.

Reputational risk is overseen by the GMB together 
with the Group Risk Committee. Our reputation is 
fundamental to our business and we will not accept 
risks that will materially damage our reputation. We 
monitor a variety of communication channels and 
proactively gather feedback to ensure there is no 
detriment to our reputation. 

The level of this risk is largely unchanged over  
the year.

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RISK MANAGEMENT REPORT

Why we have it 

How we mitigate it

Financial services are highly 
competitive business. There 
are a number of companies 
operating within our 
markets which means that 
competitor activity remains 
a significant threat to our 
strategic objectives. 

The GMB and SBUs monitor key competitors 
on a regular basis, reacting as appropriate to 
competitor developments. We have a strategy to 
deliver excellent customer service through multiple 
distribution channels to ensure diversification risk.

The level of this risk has increased over the year due 
to competitor activity within our chosen markets.

Risk type  
and description 

Operational risk

Competition

The risk of failure to 
recognise and address 
changes in a competitive 
market, particularly 
competitor actions, 
distribution channels, an 
imbalance of bargaining 
power with distributors, 
business concentration 
and resource issues 
and the impact to the 
Group of a loss of a key 
account or niche market.

Strategic risks

Increasing or strained expense base

The risk of failure to 
maintain the expense 
base within targets and 
in line with competitors.

While we do not seek to 
compete on price alone 
and service has been a 
key differentiator for us, 
the fact remains that we 
are competing in a highly 
commoditised and price-
focussed insurance market. 
Therefore, controlling 
expenses relative to the size 
of the Group is important 
to ensure the continued 
profitability of our Business 
Model.

We manage our cost base closely and have taken 
many difficult decisions over the last few years 
to ensure our cost base remains sustainable. 
Our internal operating costs are 5% lower than 
they were five years ago, and the average rate 
of commission paid to our brokers has remained 
stable over the same period.

Our costs have not reduced as quickly as our GWP 
has over the last three years, and we recognise that 
the level of this risk has increased over the year 
due to reduced GWP to support the expense base.

Strategic execution delivery

The risk of failure to 
deliver our strategic 
initiatives underpinning 
our strategic plan 
and failure to meet 
stakeholder expectations 
resulting in negative 
reactions from our owner, 
the regulator or rating 
agencies. 

Delivering the initiatives 
underpinning our strategic 
plan is critical to ensuring 
the achievement of our 
corporate strategy and 
ensuring the ongoing 
confidence of key 
stakeholders, including our 
owner, the regulator and 
rating agencies. 

A three-year Group-wide strategic programme  
of change is underway, with enhanced governance, 
agreed prioritisation, regular reporting  
(including to the Board) and alignment with 
incentive schemes implemented. A Group 
Programme Director is in place to oversee  
delivery of the group's strategic initiatives. 

The level of this risk has remained similar over  
the year.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

57

SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Risk type  
and description 

Group risks

Why we have it 

How we mitigate it

Governance and oversight of SBU

The risk of failure to 
effectively manage the 
different parts of the 
Group across different 
territories in accordance 
with social, economic 
and regulatory 
expectations.

The Group consists of 
a number of different 
business divisions which  
operate across a number 
of territories and regulatory 
regimes. Failure to 
effectively manage our 
operations in line with 
Group expectations 
could lead to sub-optimal 
business performance or 
damage to our reputation.

The expectations of the SBU have been defined 
and they have all confirmed the adoption of the 
required standard. Alongside this all SBU’s have 
locally adopted risk appetites, which are regularly 
monitored with formal escalation processes in place 
for potential breaches. 

Annual risk reviews and CRSA’s are undertaken. 
Additionally, Group Internal Audit reviews are carried 
out. 

The level of this risk has reduced over the year 
due to increased 2nd line oversight and challenge, 
and greater clarity around SBU expectations and 
obligations.

Longer-term viability statement

The directors confirm that they have a reasonable 
expectation that the Group will continue in operation 
and meet its liabilities as they fall due over the next 
three years.

While the directors have no reason to believe  
the Group will not be viable over a longer period,  
the three-year outlook period has been selected as it 
aligns with the planning horizon in the business plan.

The directors have assessed the viability of the Group 
with reference to the business plan, which includes 
stress tests and scenario analysis, taking into account 
the current position of the Group and the potential 
impact of the principal risks.

Production of the business plan incorporates 
submissions from SBUs who consider the Strategy  
of the Group and use their expert knowledge,  
before submitting their financial plans. All of the  
plans are reviewed and challenged by the GMB and  
a Group-wide consolidated business plan is produced 
for consideration and approval by the Board.

The key assumptions underlying the business  
plan relate to premium retention, rate changes,  
new business, claims experience, inflation,  
investment performance and the cost of the 
reinsurance programme.

The stress testing and scenario analysis encompass 
a spectrum of potential outcomes designed to 
assess the impact of certain events on the Group’s 
profitability, solvency and liquidity. 

The stresses are designed to be severe but plausible 
and are linked to the key principal risks starting on 
page 51. They include:

  catastrophe claim events – insurance risks;

  the performance of equity markets – market risk;

  default of key reinsurers – credit risk;

  the loss of significant lines of business – 

operational risk;

  a sustained economic downturn – insurance risks 

and market risk; and

  premiums, claims and the expense base differing 

materially from expectations – strategic risks.

In addition, the solvency position of the Group has 
been projected as part of the Own Risk and Solvency 
Assessment, which has a forward-looking emphasis 
to ensure that business strategy and plans are 
formulated with full recognition of the risk profile and 
future capital needs, with the results showing the 
Group to have sufficient capital resources to cover its 
capital requirements for the period of the Business Plan.

In making their assessment, the directors have taken 
into account the Group’s very strong capital position, 
the strong risk management framework in place 
and the Group’s resilience to the variety of adverse 
circumstances as demonstrated in the results of the 
stress testing. The directors have also considered the 
potential mitigating actions management would take 
should any of these scenarios arise.

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

r
o
t
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SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

2015 Highlights

£20

M TOTAL
CHARITABLE
GRANTS TO ATL

ECCLESIASTICAL IS A BITC
COMMUNITY MARK COMPANY

40%

OF UK STAFF
VOLUNTEERED

£21

NEARLY
M TOTAL
ECCLESIASTICAL
GROUP GIVING
TO CHARITIES

38%

ECCLESIASTICAL
GROUP PRE-TAX PROFIT
GIVEN TO CHARITY

TOP EMPLOYERS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE IN CANADA

OVER £400,000

GIVEN IN EMPLOYEE TIME, 
PARTNERSHIP FUNDING AND IN-KIND SUPPORT

OVER €20,000
RAISED FOR 
IRELAND
CHARITY PARTNER SOAR

LIVING
WAGE
STAUS
ACHIEVED

ANSVAR
AUSTRALIA

HAS GIVEN OVER 
$10 MILLION
to education and
life skills programmes
since 1994

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

r
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SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Corporate  
Responsibility Report

Ecclesiastical has always been committed to giving back to the 
communities, where it operates. In 2015, we launched our ‘Greater 
Giving’ programme – the new shape of our Group-wide corporate 
responsibility (CR) approach. This new CR programme gives us an 
ambitious goal, clear focus and a strong structure to ensure we are 
fulfilling our responsibilities and challenging ourselves to improve. 
It’s also very clearly aligned to our business strategy. 

Structure and governance

Corporate responsibility at Ecclesiastical has an established structure and governance: 

Board

  overall responsibility for CR, review and 

sign-off of reporting

General 
Management Board

  reviews policies and directs CR strategy 

and objectives

Strategic  
Business Units

  local development and implementation of 
the Group CR strategy, monitoring and 
reporting on CR activities

CR Steering Group

  drives the development and leadership 

of CR within the business

Pillar responsibility

  functional responsibility for key aspects of 

CR, for example environmental management 
and workplace responsibilities

Community 
advocates

  networks of advocates enthusiastically 
support local community investment at 
all of our locations

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY REPORT

The external environment

Monitoring and auditing

Our community investment approach is audited 
and accredited independently by Business In The 
Community (BITC) through its CommunityMark 
standard. Ecclesiastical’s UK operation has completed 
BITC’s CR Index submission to guide its development. 

We are facing many issues and trends in our markets 
– many of which are covered in our Strategy in action 
section starting on page 29, and Global trends in 
financial services section starting on page 22. These 
affect our customers, our partners and the future 
sustainability of our business. 

Within EdenTree, we are fortunate to have colleagues 
whose business it is to monitor and advise on global 
corporate responsibility trends. Head of corporate 
governance and socially responsible investment 
analyst Neville White comments:

Neville White
Head of SRI Policy & Research 
at EdenTree

There are many macro and local 
issues affecting our business – in 
fact, there have never been more 
issues to consider and tackle. 
For Ecclesiastical in particular, 
technology, regulation, an ageing 
population, climate change and trust 
in financial services are major issues 
which will all have a varying impact 
now and in the near future. 

Ecclesiastical also faces specific issues 
such as the preservation of heritage 
properties – a key area of specialist 
insurance for the Group. The protection 
of vulnerable people is also a major 
consideration, whether from flood, abuse 
or financial mis-selling. And as a financial 
services business with charitable ownership 
we are in a strong position to face up to 
customers’ lack of trust in the sector.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

63

CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY REPORT

Doing what’s 
important

A key aspect of the Greater Giving programme  
involved a review and refresh of the themes around 
which our CR programme is aligned. To achieve this,  
we consulted with:

  our charitable owner ATL;

  our staff across the entire Group. Over 500 people 
responded to our survey, with over 95% supporting 
each of the first two themes and 84% the third. 
They also gave useful feedback on how we might 
support and embed them across all aspects of our 
business activity; and

  we also have plans to engage with stakeholders to 
build an even more thorough picture of materiality.

Our themes are: 

  preserving heritage;

  engagement with our communities; and

  promoting ethics in financial services. 

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

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SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Our themes:  
what we achieved 

Promoting ethics  
in financial services

Preserving heritage

Why is this  
theme important?

What we planned to achieve

This theme, introduced 
formally in 2015, draws 
together several aspects 
of our performance and 
behaviour as an ethical 
financial services business, 
underpinning our business 
practices and ambition to 
achieve a leadership position 
as a responsible business. 

  To reach the highest standards of responsible business practice:

l  achieve and maintain BITC ‘CommunityMark’ status in 2016

l  enter BITC’s CR Index

l  achieve relevant business standards 

  To promote ethical business practice through thought leadership:

l  produce at least three issue papers each year – generate 

positive media coverage and distribute to all advisors

  To select partnerships that promote ethical practice and  
measure their success: 

l  including schools partnership – reach at least 100 students 
with employment advice and support, raise their aspirations 
and understanding.

  To maintain our position as a thought leader in heritage 
preservation and protection, including our number 1 brand 
position as voted for by brokers in 2015.

  To build awareness and understanding of heritage protection 
issues, using dedicated research to identify issues and 
communicate them to leading heritage influencers.

  To specifically support the preservation and protection of 
Anglican Church buildings, providing risk management 
support to customers.

Ecclesiastical is the UK’s  
leading heritage insurer, 
protecting more Grade I  
listed buildings than any 
other insurer, including 
prestigious properties 
such as Stonehenge and 
Canterbury Cathedral. 
It is important that we 
play a leading role in the 
protection and preservation 
of UK heritage, by creating 
strong partnerships and 
raising the profile of issues.

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CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY REPORT

What are we doing and what has been achieved?

  We have reached the highest standards of responsible business practice. In the UK, we are a CommunityMark company 
accredited by BITC and will undertake the reaccreditation process in 2016. We achieved UK Living Wage status in 2015 
and maintained our UK Chartered Insurance Institute status, being one of only five composite insurers who are chartered for 
their entire UK General Insurance operations and one of only 29 insurers who hold the Charter. 

  EdenTree continued to promote ethical business practice through thought leadership. In 2015, our investment management 
business published five reports on healthcare, shipping, corporate misconduct, big data, and digital planet. 

  We have participated in BITC’s three-year Business Class programme to help educate young people about financial services 
and improve employability. This programme has delivered a range of benefits including:

l	 Training eight staff and matching them to mentor students 

l	 Conducting mock interview sessions for 20 students

l	 Careers event support, work experience placements and revision help 

l	 Supporting an employability day for 30 students – 85% of students agreed that it gave them a clearer idea of what they 
might do in the future and over 80% of business volunteers felt it improved their skills and gave them greater motivation 
for their organisation and role.

  Established strategic partnerships with, among others, English Heritage/Historic England, The Heritage Alliance, and the 
Historic Houses Association.

  Conducted research among around 200 heritage members and 79 insurance brokers, identifying wear and tear, lack of 
funding and weather/water damage as the biggest risks.

  Established a core stakeholder group, bringing together key heritage stakeholders for the first time in a roundtable 
discussion. 100% of attendees found it a useful networking event and everyone was interested in maintaining contact  
as part of this group to discuss future heritage issues. 

  Supported initiatives which assure the long-term preservation of heritage. For example, we sponsor students  
completing the Sustainable Heritage degree at University College London and a stonemasonry apprenticeship  
scheme run by the Cathedrals Workshop Fellowship. 

  Shared best practice in the insurance sector, with seminar and training programmes including a programme of six  
events covering topics such as architecture, construction and repair. Our flagship event at the Society of Antiquaries 
attracted over 70 leading insurance brokers; 100% rated the event as excellent or good and over 90% found the  
speakers useful and informative. 

  As a leading voice in the heritage sector we attend and share our views at various forums including The Church Buildings 
Council, Institute of Fire Engineers, and Fire Sector Federation. 

  We lead the market in risk management advice and support on heritage issues, with a team of over 50 field staff who  
survey and provide risk management support to our customers. We conduct 8,000 site assessments annually – two-thirds 
on heritage properties – and recommend 20,000 risk improvements. 

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

67

SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Why is this  
theme important?

What we planned to achieve

Engagement with  
our communities

This broad theme 
encapsulates our direct 
community investment 
activity, guiding how we 
structure our programme 
of giving to ensure it is 
focused and impactful. 

  To increase engagement and support from our employees for 
community investment activities. Specifically: 

l	 increase volunteering levels in 2015 to 30% (2014: 24%)

l	 increase matching from £25,000 

l	 target 60% of staff to give their personal grant with half of 

these volunteering for the same cause 

  To focus our giving to charities and causes which align behind this 
theme, improving its effectiveness and impact:

l	 at least 90% of charitable support to align with our core themes

l	 give to every Disasters Emergency Committee international 

appeal.

85% OF STUDENTS
AGREED THAT IT GAVE
THEM A CLEARER IDEA OF WHAT 
THEY MIGHT DO IN THE FUTURE
OVER 8,000 SITE VISITS

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY REPORT

What are we doing and what has been achieved?

  In 2015, we clarified the offer of support for employees by improving internal branding, launching a new publication and 
enhancing our policy. 

  Following outperformance in 2014, we offered every member of staff a personal grant of £125 to give to any charity of their 
choice. Over 60% took up the grant, with 32% volunteering for their chosen cause to secure matched funding from the 
Company. In total, we have given over £90,000 to charities through the scheme. 

  Overall, 40% of our employees volunteered in 2015 – the second-highest level of engagement ever recorded and above 
best practice benchmarks. 

  We continued our community grant-giving programme through the Gloucestershire Community Foundation, investing a further  
£10,000 and are making plans to develop the Foundation further. Since establishing the fund, we have given 19 grants and 
invested over £75,000, benefiting from 50 or 100% Government matching of over £30,000. Projects supported have all 
been aligned to our core themes and have delivered measurable community impact.

  In 2015, we agreed an approach to international giving through a partnership with DEC, the Disasters Emergency Committee.  
We supported several appeals including the Ebola crisis, where our donation helped DEC to:

l	 reach over 869,000 people with aid

l	 give 807,000 people Ebola prevention messages

l	 train 4,800 people to deliver Ebola education

l	 provide 53,000 hygiene kits and 12,000 food packages

l	 find homes for 150 orphans 

  We broadened our support for charities. In 2015, this included subsidising rent for three charities based in our offices in 
Gloucester, increasing professional volunteering support, and increasing partner engagement with our giving, for example by 
taking part in a joint volunteering initiative with one of our brokers.

OVER
£90,000

GIVEN
TO GOOD
CAUSES
THROUGH OUR EMPLOYEE 
PERSONAL GRANT SCHEME

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

69

SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Our overall CR framework 

Considering sustainability, community, workplace and marketplace 

Our focus on core themes is central to our CR programme, as well as a 
balanced consideration of all aspects of being a responsible business, from 
environmental impact to workplace support and customer selling practices.  
The following infographic highlights our core priorities in each area, as  
well as some headline achievements and some detail on our activity. 

COMMUNITY

COMMUNITY

WORKPLACE

WORKPLACE

COMMUNITY

WORKPLACE

£0.6M

TOTAL

GROUP GIVING

OVER

3,500

HOURS OF

VOLUNTEERING

LIVING

WAGE

ACHIEVED

OVER

3,000

TRAINING

COURSES

In the UK, we achieved our second-highest level of employee 
volunteering ever at nearly 40% – well above industry benchmarks. 
Nearly two-thirds of our employees used their £125 personal 
grant and we increased our fundraising matching to 100% for any 
cause. Further afield, we gave to several Disasters Emergency 
Committee appeals and our businesses worldwide all partnered 
with local causes. In total, we have given over £1m to charitable 
causes – and much more when considering in-kind support such 
SUSTAINABILITY
as subsidising rent for several charities using our office space or 
donating old computer monitors to an IT initiative for Africa.

SUSTAINABILITY

Caroline Taplin, Group HR Director

COMMUNITY

COMMUNITY

We’re proud to have achieved Living Wage status for our UK operation 
in 2015, marking our commitment to fair pay. We invested in many 
aspects of our working environment and the wellbeing of our people, 
including office refurbishments, free flu jabs and pedometers. We also 
ran over 3,000 training courses and tripled the number of ‘bitesize’ 
courses, many of which we extended to our broker partners. Our annual 
independent employee survey, ‘MySay’, saw a high response rate and 
strong levels of engagement, commitment and pride. We’re improving 
MARKETPLACE
communication; investing in systems, processes and learning and 
development; and staying true to delivering on our commitments.

MARKETPLACE

WORKPLACE
Caroline Taplin, Group HR Director

WORKPLACE

£75,000

GIVEN

TO EMERGENCY

APPEALS

TOP 

PRIORITIES

               promotion

National Giving

Ecclesiastical

Foundation

TOP 

PRIORITIES

80%

OF STAFF

Living Wage

L&D review

Wellbeing 

environment

BELIEVE WE’RE A

‘SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE

EMPLOYER’ –

MYSAY SURVEY

SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABILITY

MARKETPLACE

MARKETPLACE

In 2015, we completed the Government-backed Energy Saving 
Opportunity Scheme (ESOS) review in the UK, as well as 
independent reviews in other Group businesses. ESOS assessed  
30 buildings as well as our business travel and we’ll be making plans 
in 2016 based on the findings. We also continued with our ongoing 
programme of continuous improvement, reducing energy usage 
in our head office in Gloucester despite moving more people in; 
reducing our energy usage by half for our London office as a result 
of relocation; and recycling over 30 tonnes of paper. We’re also 
reviewing our climate change policy in line with our Strategy.

In 2015, we spent a great deal of time internally and talking 
to our Board about our aspirations for our ‘customer promise’. 
This will drive our future customer strategy and plans, and 
includes our conduct, our service, our advice, our products 
and our pricing. Alongside this, we completed a full product 
and proposition review and expect to be sharing this work 
with partners and customers in 2016. We also continued to 
improve our supply chain practices – focusing on the corporate 
responsibility approaches of our most material suppliers in our 
UK claims network.

Ian Campbell, Group Chief Financial Officer

John Schofield, Group Chief Risk Officer

70

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

RITAG E

E

 H

G

N

I

V

R

E

S

E

R

P

. 

1

2. ENGAGE

COM

M

E

M

U

N

T

N

W

I

T

I

I

T

E

H

S

O

U

R

GREATER

GIVING

PROGRAMME

3. PROMO T I N G   E T HICS

R VICE

IN FINAN C I A L   S

E

30

BUILDINGS

ASSESSED FOR

ENERGY USAGE

ESOS review

Recycling/waste management

Climate change policy review

TOP 

PRIORITIES

31 TONNES

OF PAPER RECYCLED

ON TRACK TO GIVE

£50M+

TO CHARITY

Customer

Promise review

Product & Proposition review

Sustainability in supply chain

TOP 

PRIORITIES

PRODUCED

CUSTOMER

PROMISE

100%

155

PRODUCT & 

PROPOSITION

REVIEWS

SUSTAINABILITY

50% REDUCTION

IN ENERGY USAGE AS A 

RESULT OF LONDON OFFICE MOVE

TOP 5 CLAIMS

SUPPLIERS CR CREDENTIALS

REVIEWED

MARKETPLACE

 
 
 
CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY REPORT

£0.6M
TOTAL
GROUP GIVING

OVER
3,500

HOURS OF
VOLUNTEERING

LIVING
WAGE

ACHIEVED

OVER
3,000

TRAINING
COURSES

COMMUNITY

WORKPLACE

TOP 

PRIORITIES

Living Wage

L&D review

Wellbeing 
environment

80%
OF STAFF
BELIEVE WE’RE A
‘SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE
EMPLOYER’ –
MYSAY SURVEY

2. ENGAGE
COM

M

E

M

U

N

T

£75,000
GIVEN
TO EMERGENCY
APPEALS

TOP 
PRIORITIES

               promotion

National Giving

Ecclesiastical
Foundation

RITAG E

E
 H
G
N
I
V
R
E

S

E

R

P

. 

1

ESOS review

N
I

T
I

W

I

T

E

H

S

O

U

R

GREATER
GIVING
PROGRAMME

3. PROMO T I N G   E T HICS
R VICE

IN FINAN C I A L   S

E

Customer
Promise review

30
BUILDINGS
ASSESSED FOR
ENERGY USAGE

Recycling/waste management

Climate change policy review

Product & Proposition review

Sustainability in supply chain

TOP 
PRIORITIES

31 TONNES

OF PAPER RECYCLED

ON TRACK TO GIVE

£50M+

TO CHARITY

TOP 

PRIORITIES

PRODUCED
CUSTOMER
PROMISE

100%

155

PRODUCT & 
PROPOSITION
REVIEWS

SUSTAINABILITY

50% REDUCTION

IN ENERGY USAGE AS A 
RESULT OF LONDON OFFICE MOVE

TOP 5 CLAIMS

SUPPLIERS CR CREDENTIALS
REVIEWED

MARKETPLACE

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

71

 
 
 
SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Workplace – our  
people and culture

We are committed to giving opportunities to our employees, embracing 
initiatives which develop talent at all levels, supporting diversity, staff 
development and providing positive and engaging working environments.

We are focused on:

  Enabling our people to fulfil their potential, 

equipping them with the right skills to manage 
their career supported by our talent and  
learning approach

  Attracting, retaining and getting the best 

from our people with the right approach to 
remuneration and performance management

  Engagement – building an engaged and 

motivated team

l	 Engagement is the sum of many parts. We 

regularly request our people’s views through 
our independent ‘MySay’ survey. We look at 
all aspects of what it is like to work here, from 
management to strategy and wellbeing, and we 
act on what we hear 

  Diversity – respecting and developing diversity  

  Supporting the health, safety and wellbeing  

in everything we do

of our people

These core areas are 
underpinned by:

  Values – our core values are shaped by our 

unique Business Model

l	 Our charitable purpose, our strong dedication  
to serving and supporting our customers 
and our commitment to supporting 
communities shape the way we do business  

l	 We encourage diversity across all elements of our 
business, gathering and publishing key data such 
as gender by level, and analysing performance 
and pay by gender. We provide diversity training 
for all of our people and train recruiting managers 
in how to avoid unconscious bias 

We are  
focused on

TALENT AND LEARNING

REMUNERATION AND PERFORMANCE

HEALTH AND SAFETY AND WELLBEING

Underpinned by

VALUES

ENGAGEMENT

DIVERSITY

72

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY REPORT

Talent and learning

We have actively developed a learning culture within 
our organisation. In 2015 we provided over 3,000 
technical and personal development training courses 
for our people. We delivered over 500 management 
and personal development courses, many in 
conjunction with our broker partners. We retained our 
Corporate Chartered Insurer status, reflecting our high 
professional standards and our promise to provide 
expert and trusted advice to our customers. Our 
talent strategy focuses on continually developing our 
employees and ensuring that those with high potential 
have the opportunity to develop and add enhanced 
value across the Group. 

and, as an added bonus, halving our energy use.  
We also run a Wellbeing Week and provide a  
range of other benefits and support including a 
confidential employee assistance helpline and  
bespoke workplace assessments. 

Employee diversity

Diversity is important to Ecclesiastical and we 
recognise that diversity at all levels in the business  
will enhance our business performance. The table 
below shows the split of employees by gender 
and level, and is based on the number of individual 
employees as at 31 December 2015. 

Remuneration and performance

We develop our remuneration strategy in line with 
market practice and regulatory requirements, in 
particular Solvency II, and aim to attract and retain the 
very best people. Reward is linked strongly to how well 
we serve and support our customers, with customer 
conduct measures embedded in our bonus scheme. 

Directors1 

Senior managers2 

Employees 

Gender 

Numbers

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

7

4

23

13

476

551

Health and safety and wellbeing

Providing a safe working environment is of paramount 
importance to us. We also strive to provide a supportive 
and productive working environment for our people. For 
example, we moved our London team to a new office in 
2015, providing a much improved working environment 

1  This includes non-executive and executive directors for 

Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc only.

2 This includes the leadership teams and the direct reports to 

the Group Chief Executive.

Overall  
engagement  
scores: 

ENGAGEMENT SCORE

74%OUR OVERALL
83%IN MY OPINION THIS  

COMPANY IS COMMITTED TO 
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

77%I AM PROUD TO WORK 

FOR ECCLESIASTICAL 
INSURANCE GROUP 

80%ECCLESIASTICAL 

INSURANCE GROUP 
IS A SOCIALLY 
RESPONSIBLE EMPLOYER

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

73

 
 
 
 
SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

Sustainability – 
responding to 
climate change 

Climate change represents a material risk to the planet, people and society. 
It also represents a material business risk for the insurance industry and  
Ecclesiastical. As a Group, we are responding to climate change in 
several ways: 

Our General Insurance business has: 

Our Investment Management business, EdenTree has: 

  continued to support our customers in the 

  taken a ‘no oil sands or Arctic drilling’  

aftermath of major weather events – for example 
the Cumbria floods. Our claims support plan 
was put into action, responding within our target 
timescales. In this instance, we worked with the 
Firefighters Charity to get the immediate clean-up 
task completed as quickly as possible;

  used our geographical mapping systems 

expertise and data analytics to map and plan the 
risks and impact of major weather events – to 
better understand and account for risk and to 
continually improve our approach to supporting 
our customers;

  worked in partnership with our customers and 
supply chain to find sustainable solutions to 
climate change impact – for example offering 
cash settlements where appropriate for customers 
to invest in flood-resilient improvements as part of 
the restoration process;

  managed our own energy and waste – making 

reductions and reducing our impact where we can. 

stance within the Amity range of ethically 
screened Funds;

  maintained a below-benchmark weighting to fossil 
fuels as the Amity Funds have no mining and very 
little oil-related investments. Coal-fired power 
generation is also minimal;

  produced an in-house carbon footprint analysis 
of the Amity UK Fund and commissioned an 
independently verified carbon footprint; 

  joined the IIGCC to lead our collaborative  

investor public-policy engagement;

  participated in collaborative engagement  
on climate change with UNPRI investors  
on Arctic drilling and oil sands;

  lobbied the Alberta Government on  

emissions reduction;

  signed the Paris Pledge and the COP21  
Investor Statement on Climate Change; 

  supported ‘Aiming for A’ shareholder resolutions 
on climate change portfolio resilience at BP and 
Shell where these are held in institutional funds;

  produced a client SRI Expert Briefing on Fossil 

Fuel Divestment. 

74

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY REPORT

CR stories from 
around our Group 

  Ecclesiastical Canada continued to be a proud 
sponsor of the Kids Help Phone (KHP). Staff 
across Canada rallied to fundraise $21,400 and 
participated in Canada’s largest walk in support of 
KHP and the mental health of young Canadians. 

  Broker teams at Lycetts and SEIB led a charity 

cycle ride of over 300 miles between their offices 
in South Essex and Newcastle, raising over 
£11,000 for seven charities.

  Ansvar Australia’s ‘Superheroes’ community 

fundraising champions led company fundraising 
of over $30,000 and a 50% increase in 
volunteering. 

  Ireland gave over €20,000 to their charity  
partner SOAR, including a cycle challenge  
from East to West Ireland.

  Ansvar Superheroes

  Ireland cycle challenge

r
o
t
c
o
r
P
r
a
k
s
O
y
b

s
h
p
a
r
g
o
t
o
h
P

  Broker cycle challenge 

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

75

 
 
 
SECTION TWO – STRATEGIC REPORT

  Our Canadian office was recognised as a ‘Top 

  Ansvar UK continued their partnerships with 

Employer for Young People’. The award is given  
to employers that offer the nation’s best 
workplaces and programs for young people just 
starting their careers. 

several charities including the UK Rock Challenge, 
a performing arts competition encouraging young 
people to take an active role in building safe and 
healthy communities. 

  Our UK IT team gave 500 computer monitors to 

the IT Africa project – they used their volunteering 
time to box them up for shipping and donated 
their personal grants too. 

  Our UK Group Internal Audit team spent some 
time volunteering at the National Trust’s Lodge 
Park in Gloucestershire, repairing parts of the 
40km of dry stone walls at the estate. 

  One of our UK volunteers gave their time to help 

  Over 100 Ecclesiastical staff volunteered for 

set up a new accounting system at the Gloucester 
Academy of Music, using their professional skills 
to make a huge difference to the future running of 
the charity.

‘Hamper Scamper’, a Christmas campaign to give 
hampers and gifts to disadvantaged children and 
families in Gloucestershire.

  Canada Top Employer 

  Flavia at the Academy

  IT Africa monitors

r
o
t
c
o
r
P
r
a
k
s
O
y
b

s
h
p
a
r
g
o
t
o
h
P

  National Trust volunteering

76

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

 
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT

Strategic Report 
approval

The Strategic Report, outlined on pages 16 to 76, 
incorporates the Chief Executive’s Review, the 
Business Model and Strategy, the Key Performance 
Indicators, reviews of Financial Performance and 
Position and Risk Management, and the Corporate 
Responsibility Report and, when taken as a whole,  
is considered by the directors to be fair, balanced  
and understandable.

By order of the Board

Mark Hews 
Group Chief Executive

16 March 2016

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

77

SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Board of Directors 

Directors’ Report 

Corporate Governance 

- Group Finance and Investment Committee Report 

- Group Nominations Committee Report 

- Group Risk Committee Report 

- Group Audit Committee Report 

- Group Remuneration Report 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

80

82

86

90

92

96

98

106

130

r
o
t
c
o
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P
r
a
k
s
O
y
b

s
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p
a
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g
o
t
o
h
P

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

79

 
 
 
SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Board of Directors

Will Samuel  
BSc, FCA* (a) (b)

Chairman

Appointed to the Board in January 2006 
and became Chairman in June 2009. 
He is Chairman of TSB Bank plc and 
Chairman of Howden Joinery Group plc 
(formerly Galliform plc). Previously he was 
a Senior Adviser to Lazard & Co. Limited, 
Senior Adviser to the PRA, Trustee and 
Honorary Treasurer of International Alert, 
a Non-Executive Director of Edinburgh 
Investment Trust, Director of Schroder plc, 
Vice Chairman of Investment Banking of 
Citigroup Europe and Deputy Chairman 
and Senior Independent Non-Executive 
Director of Inchcape plc. 

David Christie  
BA, BSc (Econ) Dip. Ed.*  
(a) (b) (e)

Deputy Chairman  
and Senior Independent Director

Appointed to the Board in 2001 and 
was appointed as the Deputy Chairman 
and Senior Independent Director in 
February 2013. He retired as Warden 
of St Edward’s School, Oxford, in 2004. 
Previously he taught and researched 
economics in schools and universities 
in the UK and Europe, and has been a 
trustee to a number of charities. He was 
appointed as a Trustee of Allchurches 
Trust Limited in June 2013. 

Mark Hews  
BSc (Hons), FIA 

Group Chief Executive

Appointed Group Chief Executive in 
May 2013 and was previously the 
Group Chief Financial Officer for the 
Group. Appointed to the Board in June 
2009 and appointed to the Board of 
MAPFRE RE in December 2013. He 
was formerly a Director of HSBC Life 
and Chief Executive of M&S Life. Prior 
to this he was Finance Director at 
Norwich Union Healthcare. He started 
his financial career at Deloitte as a 
consultant and actuary.

S. Jacinta Whyte  
MC Inst. M, ACII (c)

John Hylands FFA*  
(b) (c) (d)

Anthony Latham ACII*  
(a) (c) (d)

Appointed to the Board in September 
2007. Until March 2007 he was an 
Executive Director of Standard Life plc. 
He is currently a Director of The Insurance 
Board of Lloyd's Banking Group and 
of Alliance Trust PLC, Chairman of the 
trustees of the BOC Pension Schemes, 
a Governor of the Royal Conservatoire of 
Scotland and a school governor. 

Appointed to the Board in March 2008. 
Until December 2007 he was a member 
of the Group Executive of RSA Group plc.  
He is Chairman of Pool Reinsurance 
Limited and a Director of Codan A/S.

Deputy Group Chief Executive 

Appointed Deputy Group Chief Executive and  
to the Board in July 2013. She is responsible  
for the Group’s General Insurance business 
globally. She is the Interim UK Managing 
Director and was also appointed to the 
Ansvar Australia Board during 2013. She  
joined Ecclesiastical in 2003 as a General 
Manager and Chief Agent of the Group’s 
Canadian business, a role which she continues  
to hold. Having commenced her career 
as an Underwriter with RSA in Dublin in 
1974, she moved with them to Canada in 
1988, holding a number of senior executive 
positions in both Ireland and Canada. 

80

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Key to membership of  
Group Board Committees

(a) Group Finance and Investment 
(b) Group Nominations 
(c)  Group Risk  
(d) Group Audit 
(e) Group Remuneration

*  Non-executive directors (NEDs)

The Venerable  
Christine Wilson* (e)
Appointed to the Board in June 2012 
and has served for 15 years in parochial 
ministry. She was Chaplain to the High 
Sheriff of East Sussex in 2008 and 
has been Archdeacon of Chesterfield 
in the Diocese of Derby since 2010. 
She was also a member of the Church 
of England General Synod from 2010 
- 2015. In December 2013, she was 
elected as the East Midlands female 
regional representative to the House of 
Bishops. She has also been chair of a 
number of charities.

Denise Wilson BA (Hons), 
OBE, FCII* (d) (e)
Appointed to the Board in December 
2010. She is currently CEO for the Lord 
Davies Review of Women on Boards, 
Chairman of the Friends Board at 
the Royal Academy of Arts. In a prior 
Executive capacity, at National Grid until 
2011 and previously BG Group and 
British Gas, she has served in many senior 
roles including Head of Investor Relations, 
Global Audit Director, and Commercial 
and Customer Director, and started her 
career in insurance with RSA.

Tim Carroll  
BA, MBA, FCII* (a) (c) (d)
Appointed to the Board in March 
2013, he is an international business 
leader with significant London Market 
and Lloyd’s experience, including 
roles as CEO of Swiss Re’s UK 
holding company, CEO Europe of 
GE Insurance Solutions, President 
and CEO of GE Reinsurance Inc in 
the USA and Active Underwriter of 
Canopius Syndicate 4444 at Lloyd’s. 
He has held a number of industry 
positions including Chairman of the 
International Underwriting Association 
and President of the Insurance Institute 
of London.

Caroline Taylor  
BSc (Hons) Banking and 
International Finance* (e)

Appointed to the Board in September 
2014. Until May 2012, she was an 
Executive Director of Goldman Sachs 
Asset Management International. She 
is currently a Non-Executive Director of 
Brewin Dolphin Holdings plc. 

Ian Campbell 
BSc (Econ) Hons, ACA, 

Group Chief Financial Officer

Appointed to the Board in April 2014.  
He is a Chartered Accountant with more  
than 27 years’ experience in the financial 
services sector. His career started at KPMG 
where he spent 13 years in their Insurance 
and Consulting Practice covering a wide 
range of projects for Lloyd's, London, 
market and life insurance companies. Since 
then he has held executive positions at a 
number of insurance companies. Before 
joining Ecclesiastical in 2012, he was Group 
Chief Financial Officer for Torus Insurance 
where his role included acquisitions, finance, 
investment and tax management, capital 
raising, actuarial and reinsurance. 

Edward Creasy, MBA,  
MA (Cantab), FCII* (a) 

Appointed to the Board on 10 February 
2016. He has extensive experience in the 
insurance sector, in broking, underwriting 
and management. He is currently 
Chairman of insurance brokers Lycetts, 
one of the Ecclesiastical Insurance Group 
of companies, and is the non-executive 
Chairman of Charles Taylor plc and a 
Director of Pacific Horizon Investment 
Trust plc. He is also a Director of WR 
Berkley Insurance (Europe) Ltd and WR 
Berkley Syndicate Management Ltd. 
He is a member of The Lloyd's Market 
Supervisory and Regulatory Committee, 
and a previous Director of the Lloyd's 
Franchise Board. He was also Chairman 
and Chief Executive of the Kiln Group.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

81

SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Directors’ 
Report

The directors submit their Annual Report and Accounts for Ecclesiastical 
Insurance Office plc, together with the consolidated financial statements 
of the Company for the year ended 31 December 2015. The Group Chief 
Executive’s Review, Strategic Report and Corporate Governance section 
(this includes Board Governance, the Group Finance and Investment 
Committee Report, the Group Nominations Committee Report, the Group 
Risk Committee Report, the Group Audit Committee Report, and the 
Group Remuneration Report) are all incorporated by reference into this 
Directors’ Report.

Information about the use of financial instruments 
by the Group is given in note 23 to the financial 
statements.

Principal activities

The Group operates principally as a provider of 
general insurance in addition to offering a range 
of financial services, with offices in the UK, Ireland, 
Canada, and Australia. A list of the Company’s main 
subsidiary undertakings are given on page 201  
and details of international branches are shown on  
page 200. 

Ownership

At the date of this report, the entire issued Ordinary 
share capital of the Company and none of the issued 
8.625% Non-Cumulative Irredeemable Preference 
Shares of £1 each (‘Preference shares’) were owned 
by Ecclesiastical Insurance Group plc. In turn, the 
entire issued Ordinary share capital of Ecclesiastical 
Insurance Group plc was owned by Allchurches Trust 
Limited (ATL), the ultimate parent of the Group.

82

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

DIRECTORS' REPORT

Board of directors

The directors of the Company at the date of this 
report are stated on page 80 and 81.

Edward Creasy was appointed as a NED of the 
Company on 10 February 2016. Will Samuel and 
David Christie will resign as directors and Chairman 
and Deputy Chairman at the conclusion of the Board 
meeting on 16 March 2016. Edward Creasy will 
succeed Will Samuel as Chairman. 

In line with the Financial Reporting Council’s (FRC) 
2012 UK Corporate Governance Code (the Code) 
the Board has voluntarily chosen to comply with the 
recommended annual re-election of directors. With 
the exception of Will Samuel and David Christie, 
all directors that have served since the last annual 
general meeting (AGM) will be proposed for  

Directors

David Christie 

Mark Hews 

Will Samuel 

re-election at the forthcoming AGM and Edward 
Creasy will be recommended for election at the 
forthcoming AGM following recommendation from 
the Group Nominations Committee. 

The Company has made qualifying third-party 
indemnity provisions for the benefit of its directors. 
These were in place throughout the year and remain 
in force at the date of this report.

Neither the directors nor their connected persons held  
any beneficial interest in any Ordinary shares of the 
Company during the year ended 31 December 2015. 
There has been no change in this position since the 
end of the financial year and the date of this report.

The following directors of the Company, and their 
connected persons, held Preference shares in the 
capital of the Company at 31 December 2015:

Nature of interest 

Director 

Connected person 

Director 

Number of Non-Cumulative  
Irredeemable Preference Shares held

11,079

75,342

151,000

There have been no changes to their holdings between the end of the financial year and the date of this report.

No contract of significance existed during or at the end of the financial year in which a director was or is 
materially interested.

Dividends

Employees

Dividends paid on the Preference shares were 
£9,181,000 (2014: £9,181,000).

The directors do not recommend a final dividend 
on the Ordinary shares (2014: £nil), and no interim 
dividends were paid in respect of either the current  
or prior year.

Charitable and  
political donations

Charitable donations paid, and provided for, by the 
Group in the year amounted to £20.6 million (2014: 
£25.2 million).

During the last 10 years, a total of £130.0 million 
(2014: £115.2 million) has been provided by Group 
companies for church and charitable purposes.

It is the Company’s policy not to make  
political donations. 

The Group recognises the importance of employee 
communication and aims to keep employees 
informed about its affairs through the use of briefing 
groups, Group newsletters and the publication of 
financial reports. Regular meetings are held between 
management and other employees and discussion 
encouraged. It is the Group’s policy to give full 
consideration to applications for employment by 
disabled persons. Appropriate adjustments are 
arranged for disabled persons, including retraining  
of employees for alternative work who become 
disabled, to promote their career development within 
the organisation.

Principal risks and uncertainties

The directors have carried out a robust assessment 
of the principal risks facing the Group including 
those that threaten its Business Model, future 
performance, solvency and liquidity. The principal risks 
and uncertainties, together with the financial risk 
management objectives and policies of the Group, 
are included in the Risk Management section of the 
Strategic Report and can be found starting on page 48. 

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

83

 
 
 
SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Going concern

Directors’ responsibilities

The Financial Performance section on page 44 and 
Risk Management section of the Strategic Report 
starting on page 48 provide a review of the Group’s 
business activities and describe the principal risks 
and uncertainties, including exposures to insurance 
and financial risk.

The Group has considerable financial resources: 
financial investments of £833.4m, 96% of which 
are liquid (2014: financial investments of £892.3m, 
98% liquid); cash and cash equivalents of £118.4m 
and no borrowings (2014: cash and cash equivalents 
of £107.5m and no borrowings); and a regulatory 
enhanced capital cover of 3.0 (2014: 2.9). Liquid 
financial investments consist of listed equities 
and OEICs, government bonds and listed debt. As 
a consequence, the directors have a reasonable 
expectation that the Group is well placed to manage 
its business risks successfully and continue in 
operational existence for the foreseeable future. 
Accordingly, they continue to adopt the going concern 
basis in preparing the Annual Report and Accounts. 

Auditor and the disclosure  
of information to auditor

So far as each person who was a director at the date 
of approving this report is aware, there is no relevant 
audit information that the auditor is unaware of, that 
could be needed by the auditor in order to prepare 
their report. Having made enquiries of fellow directors 
and the Group’s auditor, each director has taken all 
the steps that they ought to have taken as a director, 
in order to make themselves aware of any relevant 
audit information, and to establish that the auditor is 
aware of that information.

This confirmation is given and should be interpreted 
in accordance with the provisions of Section 418 of 
the Companies Act 2006.

The Group Audit Committee reviews the 
reappointment of the auditor, including the auditor’s 
effectiveness and independence, and recommends 
the auditor’s reappointment and remuneration to the 
Board. Further details are disclosed in the Group 
Audit Committee Report starting on page 98.

In accordance with Section 489 of the Companies 
Act 2006, a resolution proposing that Deloitte LLP be 
reappointed as auditor of the Group will be put to the 
forthcoming AGM.

The directors are responsible for preparing the 
Annual Report and the financial statements in 
accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare 
financial statements for each financial year. Under 
that law the directors are required to prepare the 
Group financial statements in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) 
as adopted by the European Union and Article 4 
of the International Accounting Standards (IAS) 
Regulation and have also chosen to prepare the 
parent company financial statements under IFRSs 
as adopted by the European Union. Under company 
law, the directors must not approve the accounts 
unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair 
view of the state of affairs of the Company and of 
the profit or loss of the Company for that period. In 
preparing these financial statements, IAS 1 requires 
that directors:

  properly select and apply accounting policies;

  present information, including accounting policies, 

in a manner that provides relevant, reliable, 
comparable and understandable information;

  provide additional disclosures when compliance 

with the specific requirements in IFRSs are 
insufficient to enable users to understand the 
impact of particular transactions, other events and 
conditions on the Company’s financial position 
and financial performance; and

  make an assessment of the Company’s ability to 

continue as a going concern.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate 
accounting records that are sufficient to show and 
explain the Company’s transactions and disclose with 
reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position 
of the Company and enable them to ensure that the 
financial statements comply with the Companies Act 
2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding 
the assets of the Company and hence for taking 
reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of 
fraud and other irregularities.

The directors are responsible for the maintenance 
and integrity of the corporate and financial 
information included on the Company’s website. 
Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the 
preparation and dissemination of financial statements 
may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

84

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

DIRECTORS' REPORT

Responsibility statement 

We confirm that to the best of our knowledge:

  The financial statements, prepared in accordance 
with IFRS, give a true and fair view of the assets, 
liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the 
Company and the undertakings included in the 
consolidation taken as a whole.

  The Strategic Report (which is incorporated into 

this Directors' Report) includes a fair review 
of the development and performance of the 
business and the position of the Company and the 
undertakings included in the consolidation taken 
as a whole, together with a description of the 
principal risks and uncertainties that they face.

  The Annual Report and financial statements, taken 
as a whole, are fair, balanced and understandable, 
and provide the information necessary for 
shareholders to assess the Company’s position 
and performance, Business Model and Strategy.

By order of the Board

Will Samuel 
Chairman 

Mark Hews 
Group Chief Executive

16 March 2016 

16 March 2016

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SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Corporate  
Governance

The Board of directors is committed to applying the highest standards of 
corporate governance and believe that the affairs of the Company should 
be conducted in accordance with best business practice. Accordingly, the 
Company has chosen to voluntarily comply with the Code’s Main Principles 
and Code Provisions throughout the year ended 31 December 2015, 
where relevant to the Company. The Code is available from the FRC’s 
website. The Company does not have any shares with a Premium Listing on 
the London Stock Exchange and is therefore not legally required to comply 
with the Code or other legislation relating solely to quoted companies. The 
Corporate Governance disclosures include the Board Governance section, 
Group Nominations Committee Report, Group Risk Committee Report, 
Group Audit Committee Report and Group Remuneration Report.

Board Governance

The Board

The Chairman and Group Chief Executive

Senior Independent Director

The roles of the Chairman and the Group Chief 
Executive are undertaken by separate individuals.  
The Chairman, Will Samuel, is responsible for 
leadership of the Board. The day-to-day management 
of the business is undertaken by the Group Chief 
Executive, Mark Hews, assisted by the Group 
Management Board. Will Samuel will resign as a 
director at the conclusion of the Board meeting held 
on 16 March 2016. Edward Creasy will succeed Will 
Samuel as Chairman. 

David Christie, Deputy Chairman, has been appointed 
as the Senior Independent Director (SID). The SID 
supports and acts as a sounding board for the 
Chairman and is responsible for overseeing the 
governance practices of the Company and leading 
the directors in their appraisal of the Chairman. Along 
with the Chairman, the SID is the primary contact for  
the shareholder and they meet regularly to share and  
understand views. David Christie will resign as a director  
at the conclusion of the Board meeting held on 
16 March 2016. John Hylands will succeed David 
Christie as Deputy Chairman and SID.

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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Directors’ conflicts

A Conflicts Register is maintained by the Group 
Company Secretary to monitor and manage 
any potential conflicts of interest. Training on 
the Companies Act 2006 has been given to all 
directors and directors are regularly reminded of 
their duties. Any conflicts are declared at the first 
Board meeting at which the director becomes 
aware of a potential conflict and then recorded 
in the Conflicts Register. The Board considers all 
conflicts in line with the provisions set out in the 
Company’s Articles. The directors are required to 
review their interests recorded in the Conflicts 
Register on a biannual basis. 

Role of the Board

The Board is responsible to the Group’s 
shareholders for the long-term success of the 
Group, its strategy, values and its governance. 
Great importance is placed on a well-informed and 
decisive Board, and Board meetings are scheduled 
and held regularly throughout the year. 

A one-year rolling plan of business for discussion 
is reviewed and agreed by the Board annually to 
ensure that the Board is focused on the right issues 
at the right times and sufficient time is allowed for 
appropriate consideration and debate.

The Board sets annual objectives for each year in 
addition to setting the Group’s strategic direction. 
These are implemented through approval and regular 
assessment of the business plan and strategy 
process. At each Board meeting, the directors discuss 
strategic and business matters, financial, operational 
and governance issues, and other relevant business 
items that arise. Following Committee meetings, the 
Board receives oral reports from the Chairs of each 
Committee at the next Board meeting.

A Directors’ and Officers’ Insurance Policy is in place 
for all Group directors. 

Board Committees

The Group has five Board Committees which are 
shown below: 

Ecclesiastical Board  
of Directors

Group Finance 
& Investment 
Committee

Group  
Nominations 
Committee

Group 
Risk 
Committee

Group  
Audit  
Committee

Group 
Remuneration 
Committee

Details of all the Board Committees are contained within their respective reports that follow: the Group Finance 
and Investment Committee Report on page 90; the Group Nominations Committee Report on page 92; the 
Group Risk Committee Report on page 96; the Group Audit Committee Report on page 98; and the Group 
Remuneration Report on page 106.

The Terms of Reference (ToR) for all five Board Committees can be obtained from either the Company’s 
registered office address or the website at: 

www.ecclesiastical.com/general/investorrelations/corporategovernance/termsofreferenceofcommittees 

Attendance at meetings

Directors are required to attend all Board meetings 
and strategy days as well as Committee meetings 
where they are members. In 2015, six scheduled 
Board meetings, and one off-site strategy day was 
held. In addition, four scheduled training sessions 
took place. 

Will Samuel met with the non-executive directors 
(NEDs) without the executive directors present on a 
number of occasions throughout the year.

All directors receive papers and minutes for all 
meetings, unless restricted due a conflict of interest. 
Papers are circulated electronically, generally 
one week in advance of all scheduled meetings. 
All directors have access to the Group Company 
Secretary and to independent professional advice at 
the Company’s expense as required.

It is the Board’s policy to record any unresolved 
concerns about the running of the Company or any 
proposed action in the Board minutes. During 2015, 
no director had any such concerns.

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SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Below is a record of the directors’ attendance for the Board meetings (including the off-site strategy day) 
during 2015:

Board attendance table

Executive directors

Non-executive 
directors

Mark Hews  

S. Jacinta Whyte 

Ian Campbell 

Will Samuel (Chairman) 

David Christie (SID) 

Tim Carroll 

John Hylands 

Anthony Latham 

Caroline Taylor 

Christine Wilson 

Denise Wilson 

Director since 

June 2009 

July 2013 

April 2014 

January 2006 

January 2001 

March 2013 

September 2007 

March 2008 

September 2014 

June 2012 

December 2010 

Meetings eligible  
to attend 

Meetings 
attended

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7

7

7

7

6

7

7

6

7

7

6

During 2015, the Board made decisions on the following business issues and routine matters:

Routine matters

Operational matters

Board’s annual objectives
Financial performance and statements
Risk management, appetite, and registers
Overview of compliance and audit work undertaken by the Group Audit Committee
Dividends, charitable donations and Gift Aid
Setting and reviewing budgets
Committee reports and recommendations
Health and safety

Performance, strategic and business plans for Group businesses
Group reinsurance arrangements
General insurance claims reserves
Treating Customers Fairly and complaints handling
Determining NEDs’ fees for recommendation at a general meeting
Stakeholder relationships
Review of General Insurance business including niches
Review of other strategic businesses
Employee engagement
Cyber security

Projects

Review of Group structure
Proposition review
Review of IT strategy
Change programme and Group Vision 
Rebranding of the Investment division
Review of corporate responsibility (CR) strategy

Governance and 
regulatory matters

Board composition
Taxation matters
Implementation of actions arising from the evaluation of the Board
Capital requirements, solvency position and ORSA
Relationship with the regulator

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

 
 
 
 
 
Internal controls

Relationship with shareholder

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Ecclesiastical Insurance Group owns the entire  
issued Ordinary share capital of Ecclesiastical 
Insurance Office. Ecclesiastical Insurance Group in 
turn is wholly owned by ATL with whom the Board has 
an open and constructive relationship. The Chairman 
ensures that the views of ATL are communicated to 
the Board as a whole following regular meetings with 
Sir Philip Mawer (Chairman of ATL). In addition, David 
Christie and Denise Wilson have been appointed 
as 'Common Directors' of both companies which 
enables ATL to effectively communicate its views 
and expectations to the Board. In turn, the common 
directors are able to support the directors of ATL to 
understand the performance and strategic issues 
faced by the Company.

A conflict of interest policy which sets out how actual 
and perceived conflicts of interests between the two 
companies are managed is in place.

By order of the Board

Mrs. R. J. Hall 
Group Company Secretary

16 March 2016

The Board is ultimately responsible for the systems 
of risk management and internal control maintained 
by the Group and reviews their appropriateness 
and effectiveness annually. The Board views the 
management of risk as a key accountability and is the 
responsibility of all management and believes that, for 
the period in question, the Group has maintained an 
adequate and effective system of risk management 
and internal control that complies with the Code. 
Further details are set out in the Risk Management 
Report starting on page 48.

The Group embeds risk management into its strategic 
and business planning activities whereby major risks 
that could affect the business in the short and long 
term are identified by the relevant management 
together with an assessment of the effectiveness of 
the processes and controls in place to manage and 
mitigate these risks. 

The Group’s internal control framework is vital in 
setting the tone for the Group and in creating a high 
degree of control consciousness in all employees. 

A code of conduct and a code of ethics are 
embedded into the culture of the Group and is 
accessible to all staff via the intranet.

Assurance on the adequacy and effectiveness 
of internal control systems is obtained through 
management reviews, control self-assessment and 
internal audits.

Systems of internal control are designed to manage 
rather than eliminate the risk of failure to achieve 
business objectives, and can provide reasonable, 
but not absolute assurance as to the prevention and 
detection of financial misstatements, errors, fraud or 
violation of law or regulations.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

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SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Group Finance  
and Investment  
Committee Report

Chairman’s introduction

I am pleased to present the 
Group Finance and Investment 
Committee Report describing the 
work we have undertaken during 
the past year. Our main purpose 
is to ensure that the management 
of the Group’s financial assets, 
including its investment portfolio, is 
properly governed, controlled and 
performing as expected. We also 
review and advise on any major 
financial decisions on behalf of 
the Board. This report gives more 
information on how we performed 
our duties during 2015. 

Tim Carroll 
Chairman of the Group Finance  
and Investment Committee

Membership

The members of the Group Finance and Investment Committee are shown in the table below:

Committee  
members

Tim Carroll (Chairman) 

David Christie 

Will Samuel 

Anthony Latham 

Member since 

August 2013 

September 2010 

March 2006 

February 2009 

Meetings eligible  
to attend 

Meetings 
attended

4 

4 

4 

4 

4

4

4

4

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The Committee reviews its ToR annually and during 
the year held four scheduled meetings. The remit of 
the Committee, in line with its ToR and designated 
financial limits, is to:

  consider and review Group treasury management 

and Group tax strategies;

  consider and review Group capital management, 
taking into consideration the Individual Capital 
Assessment (ICA) and risk appetite;

  consider and review major capital  

projects and contracts;

  consider and review major investments of the 
Group including the acquisition or disposal of 
interests of more than 5% in the voting shares  
of any listed company;

  consider and review acquisitions and disposal  
of investment property or businesses by the 
Group, and enter into formal discussions with  
the intention of making a takeover offer;

  consider and review borrowing monies, 

committing any Group Company to a guarantee 
or indemnity for the performance of a subsidiary, 
or authorising a mortgage or a charge over the 
whole or any part of the Group’s undertaking;

  consider and review circulars to shareholders  

and listing particulars;

During 2015, the Committee’s main activities were  
in line with its remit and included:

  review of the annual investment strategy;

  review of quarterly investment reports  
and investment performance against  
benchmark levels;

  consideration of a potential acquisition  

of a business;

  review of tax strategy;

  review of bond default risk;

  review of the Group’s financial  

risk appetite statement;

  review of the acquisition strategy;

  oversight of a pension scheme  

triennial valuation; and

  consideration of the potential acquisition  

of shares in a business.

By order of the Board

Tim Carroll 
Chairman of the Group Finance  
Investment Committee

  provide broad Group strategy and set investment 

16 March 2016

parameters for Group portfolio investment 
matters including derivative instruments within the 
context of overall risk to the business and monitor 
adherence to parameters;

  consider monthly investment reports and review 
investment performance against benchmark 
levels; and

  oversee and review the performance of  

delegated funds.

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SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Group Nominations 
Committee Report

Chairman’s introduction

I am pleased to present the Group 
Nominations Committee’s Report 
describing the work we have 
carried out in 2015. Our main 
purpose is to ensure that there is 
an appropriate balance of skills, 
knowledge and experience on the 
Board, its Committees and within 
the Group’s subsidiary companies. 
This report gives more detailed 
information on how we performed 
our duties during the year. 

Will Samuel 
Chairman of the Group  
Nominations Committee

Membership

The Group Nominations Committee comprises the NEDs shown below and are appointed by the Board:

Committee  
members

Will Samuel (Chairman) 

David Christie 

John Hylands 

Member since 

June 2008 

January 2001 

May 2013 

Meetings eligible  
to attend 

Meetings 
attended

5 

5 

5 

5

5

5

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The Committee held three scheduled meetings during 
the year and two ad-hoc meetings. The remit of the 
Committee, in line with its ToR, is to:

Board composition  
and independence

  review the structure, size and composition of the 

Board and its Committees;

  conduct evaluations of the Board and Committees 

and make recommendations to the Board;

  oversee and approve the Board composition and 
officer changes in Group subsidiaries and senior 
management changes within the Group;

  consider Board and senior executive succession 

planning for the Group;

  assess and review directors’ skills, knowledge  

and experience;

  review the Group’s leadership needs in order to 

compete effectively in the target markets;

  undertake recruitment of new directors and 

executives to the Board, utilising external search 
consultancy as appropriate; and

  oversee the content and operation of the 

induction programme, annual training programme, 
and continuous professional development (CPD) 
of directors. 

The principal activities of the Committee during  
2015 included:

  review of the Board and Committee’s composition;

  review and agreement of the matrix of the  

Board’s leadership skills and technical skills to 
identify gaps;

  review of the succession plans for the Board  

and senior management;

  commencement of a selection process for a  

new NED;

  selection and recommendation of the appointment 
of Edward Creasy as a new NED and Chairman 
elect to the Board;

  consideration of a new Deputy Chairman and SID 

to succeed David Christie during 2016.

  monitoring the implementation of the actions 

arising from the external Board evaluation at the 
end of 2014; 

  review of the directors’ annual appraisal and 

development needs;

  review of the CPD programme for directors; and

The Board comprises a non-executive Chairman, 
eight other NEDs and three executive directors. 
The Group believes the size and composition of the 
Board gives it sufficient independence, balance and 
broad experience to consider the issues of strategy, 
performance, resources and standards of conduct. 
The strong representation of NEDs on the Board 
demonstrates its independence, provides a greater 
depth of experience and facilitates challenge.  

Board appointments

All NEDs are provided with a letter of appointment 
on acceptance of the appointment, which includes 
the terms and conditions of their role. Letters of 
appointment are available on request from the  
Group Company Secretary.  

Appointment of Edward Creasy,  
non-executive director and 
Chairman elect

In autumn 2014, it was agreed that the key priority 
for the Committee and the Board would be the 
appointment of a new Chairman. The incumbent 
Chairman, Will Samuel, did not take part in the 
selection process but was consulted given his 
extensive knowledge of the role.

A selection panel led by David Christie and 
comprising John Hylands, The Venerable  
Christine Wilson and Tim Carroll was established  
in February 2015.

An external search consultant, Egon Zehnder 
International (who had no other connection to the 
Group and are signatories to the Voluntary Code  
of Conduct on gender diversity and best practice) 
were engaged to support the selection process.  
In addition, a web-based search agent, Nurole, 
assisted the selection in the recruitment process. 
Nurole had assisted the Group’s ultimate parent,  
ATL, in the recruitment of a Trustee in 2015.

A candidate profile was developed, which is 
summarised as follows:

  experience of leading a Board and displaying 

behaviours consistent with the culture and values 
of the Group;

  review of the Board training programme.

  commercial business leader with significant 

experience in the management and governance  
of a financial services company;

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SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

  independent-minded and robust; 

  able to voice well-grounded opinions and facilitate 

rigorous challenge and debate;

  a clear structured thinker with a strategic  

outlook; and 

  a commitment to the highest standards of integrity 

and a reputation for sound judgement. 

The initial candidate list was reduced to a short list 
for consideration by the selection panel. The short 
list was further reduced by the selection panel 
based on the skills and knowledge of the candidate 
and identified Board skills gaps. After a series of 
interviews and further due diligence, Edward Creasy 
emerged as the preferred candidate. This was based 
on consideration of personal attributes, external 
commitments and needs of the Board. Given the 
importance of the role to the Group, all members 
of the Board met with Edward Creasy and provided 
feedback. In addition, discussions were held with ATL.

At the end of the process the full Board approved 
the appointment of Edward Creasy, which was 
announced in December 2015. Edward has over 
35 years’ experience in the insurance industry as 
both a broker and underwriter. He brings robust 
leadership, integrity and expertise consistent with the 
Group’s culture and values. In addition, his extensive 
insurance market background will assist the Board in 
giving consideration to its business strategies and in 
particular, meeting one of the Group’s objectives of 
becoming the Most Trusted Specialist Insurer.

Edward Creasy was independent on appointment to 
the Group.  

Board diversity

Ecclesiastical recognises the benefits of having a 
diverse Board. It is committed to improving diversity 
on the Board, including gender diversity and 
acknowledges diversity both improves performance  
of the Board and strengthens the business.

Currently, the representation of women on the Board 
stands at 33%, with four women members in a 
current membership of 12. As at 31 December 2015, 
the representation of women on the Board stood at 
36%, with four women members in a membership of 
11. The Board will take the opportunity, as and when 
appropriate, to improve further its gender balance. 

The Board also recognises the importance of 
improving gender balance at senior levels within the 
organisation and is actively reviewing diversity across 
the Group. Further information is provided in the 
Corporate Responsibility Report.

Board performance  
and evaluation 

Induction

All directors are required to undertake a formal and 
comprehensive induction to the Group upon joining 
the Board. The induction is a three-stage process and 
is led by the Legal and Secretarial Department.

On acceptance of a position on the Board, all 
directors receive an induction pack, which includes 
their appointment letter and terms; latest audited 
report and accounts; constitutional documents; 
protocols on conflicts of interest, the handling of 
price-sensitive information, directors’ duties, share 
dealing, data protection and Board procedures; the 
Code; Board minutes for the current and past year; 
the Governance Framework (including Expectations 
of SBUs and Board Charter) and Board dates and 
contact details.

After appointment, a two-day induction programme is 
provided where presentations are given by Legal and 
Secretarial, Group Compliance, Finance, Group Risk, 
Actuarial, Group Strategy, and heads of the Group’s 
trading businesses. The programme is also offered 
to other directors as a refresher every two years and 
when a programme is being run. New directors also 
meet individually with the Chairman of ATL, the Group 
Chairman, the Deputy Chairman and the SID, and 
each of the executive directors.

The third stage of the induction is participation in the 
Board’s CPD programme. 

Training

Throughout the year, directors participate in the 
CPD programme, which includes internal training 
on topical issues (including business familiarisation) 
relevant to the Group’s commercial and regulatory 
environment and attendance on relevant external 
CPD opportunities, funded by the Company. In 2015, 
four internal training sessions took place and covered 
Solvency II, Conduct Risk and Anti-Bribery. 

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The Group Company Secretary maintains annual 
CPD records for all directors, which the Chairman 
reviews as part of their annual appraisal. Training 
and development needs of Board members are also 
reviewed by the Committee. 

Performance evaluations

Given the anticipated changes to the Board, it was 
agreed that a formal Board evaluation would be 
deferred. During the year, the Board supported by 
the Group Nominations Committee, monitored the 
implementation of the agreed recommendations 
arising from the 2014 Board evaluation focusing 
on the Group’s long-term strategy, developing 
a structured approach to succession plans, and 
enhancing the Board’s understanding of competitors 
and markets. The Board evaluation in 2014 was 
conducted by Lintstock Limited; who are not 
connected to the Group. The Board was satisfied that 
the Board and its Committees were effective and that 
progress had been made against all objectives. 

It is the Board’s policy for its evaluations to be 
facilitated every two years with the next external 
evaluation expected to be undertaken at the end  
of 2016. 

All directors receive an annual appraisal from the 
Chairman. The Chairman is appraised by the Board,  
in his absence, led by the SID. 

Re-election of directors

In line with the Code, the Board has voluntarily 
chosen to comply with the annual re-election of 
directors who have served their initial term. NEDs 
are appointed for a period of three years, and are 
expected to serve a minimum of two consecutive 
terms, subject to satisfactory performance. Where 
NEDs have served for more than six years, the 
Committee has undertaken a rigorous annual review 
before they are recommended for annual re-election. 
The report and accounts accompany the AGM notice. 
The biographical information for the Board members 
seeking election and re-election is contained within 
the Report and Accounts.

The Board believes that all the NEDs were 
independent throughout 2015. Independence is 
reviewed as part of each director’s annual appraisal, 
considered by the Committee, and agreed by the 
Board annually. In 2015, two NEDs, Will Samuel and 
David Christie have served for more than nine years 
on the Board, and John Hylands and Anthony Latham 
have served for more than six years. In addition, 

two directors, David Christie and Denise Wilson are 
directors of ATL. The Committee has considered the 
circumstances and relationships of  
all NEDs and, following rigorous review, the 
Committee confirmed to the Board that all NEDs 
remained independent in character and judgement. 
No individual participated in the discussions relating 
to their own independence. 

The Chairman is satisfied that the performance of 
each NED is effective and sufficient time has been 
spent on the Group’s affairs.

Will Samuel and David Christie will resign as directors 
on 16 March 2016. All other directors are proposed 
for re-election at the forthcoming AGM. 

Executive directors’ other 
commitments 

External directorships are considered to be valuable 
in terms of broadening the experience and knowledge 
of executive directors, provided there is no actual or 
potential conflict of interest, and the commitment 
required is not excessive. All appointments are 
subject to approval by the Board, and the Conflicts 
Register maintained by the Group Company Secretary 
is used to monitor external interests. Any monetary 
payments received by executive directors from 
outside directorships are paid over to and retained by 
the Group. 

Non-executive directors’ 
commitments

The Committee evaluates the time NEDs spend on 
the Company’s business annually and is satisfied 
that, in 2015, the NEDs continued to be effective 
and fulfilled their time commitment as stated in their 
letters of appointment. Accordingly, all NEDs at the 
date of this report are recommended for re-election 
at the AGM.

By order of the Board

Will Samuel 
Chairman of the Group  
Nominations Committee

16 March 2016

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

95

SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Group Risk 
Committee Report

Chairman’s introduction

I am pleased to present the Group  
Risk Committee's Report describing  
the work done by the Committee 
during the past year. The Group 
has voluntarily chosen to include a 
Group Risk Committee Report in 
the Annual Report of the Company 
in addition to the disclosures in  
the Risk Management section on 
page 48. 

The Group Risk Committee was created in June 
2010 and comprises the directors shown in the table 
below who were appointed by the Board. In addition, 
Will Samuel (Chairman of the Board) is normally in 
attendance at the meetings.

The Group Chief Risk Officer reports to the Committee  
and has direct access to the Chairman of the 
Committee and the NEDs. The Committee ensures 
that they meet with the Group Chief Risk Officer at 
least once a year without the executives present.

Anthony Latham 
Chairman of the  
Group Risk Committee

Membership

The Group Risk Committee members and their attendance at meetings during the year are shown below:

Member since 

Meetings eligible  
to attend 

Meetings 
attended

Committee  
members

Anthony Latham (Chairman) 

June 2010 

S. Jacinta Whyte 

Tim Carroll 

John Hylands 

February 2014 

August 2013 

September 2010 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5

5

4

5

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The remit of the Committee is to:

  capital requirements across the Group including 

  recommend to the Board the Group’s overall risk 
appetite tolerance and strategy in the context of 
the current and prospective macroeconomic and 
financial environment and monitor compliance 
with it;

  ensure a risk management culture is embedded 

across the Group;

  recommend to the Board the Group’s strategy, 
policy and processes for risk management,  
and monitor compliance; 

  monitor the operational effectiveness of the 

Group’s Enterprise Risk Management Framework, 
risk policies and systems;

  receive and review risk-based management 

reports and other information, making 
recommendations for change as appropriate;

  ensure that material risks facing the Group have 

reviewing the Group’s Internal  
Capital Assessment;

  amendments to and implementation of the Control 
and Risk Self-Assessment process at Group level;

  the implementation of Solvency II and the 

implications for the Group, including  
Board training;

  the implications of the Senior Insurance 

Manager's Regime;

  the appropriateness of the Standard Formula;

  continuing development and integration of  

the Group’s Internal Model, and the approach  
to validation;

  review of the Governance and Overarching  

Policy Framework;

  reports from Group Compliance;

been identified and addressed appropriately;

  the implications of FloodRe; and

  the Group’s relationship with its regulators 
including reviewing statutory returns and  
the output from PRA and FCA visits.

By order of the Board

Anthony Latham 
Chairman of the  
Group Risk Committee

16 March 2016

  consider the material findings of Compliance  
and Internal Audit reports carried out for the 
Group Audit Committee and their effect on the 
Group’s risks;

  recommend to the Board the Own Risk and 
Solvency Assessment (ORSA) and Internal  
Model changes;

  approve the appointment or removal of the  

Group Chief Risk Officer;

  ensure the Board receives adequate training  

on risk matters; and

  ensure appropriate liaison with other Board 
Committees, e.g. the Group Remuneration 
Committee and the Group Audit Committee.

During 2015, the Committee held five meetings.  
In addition to the routine matters highlighted above,  
it also considered specifically:

  the Group’s risk profile, ensuring that this reflected 

the Group’s key risks during the year;

  the annual review and recommendation of  

the Group’s risk appetite (including catastrophe 
risk appetite);

  the ORSA at Group level;

  a review of the risk impact of remuneration 

proposals and the Group Chief Risk Officer’s 
reports to the Group Remuneration Committee;

  discussion and approval of reverse stress test 

results and recommendations arising there from;

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SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Group Audit 
Committee Report

Chairman’s overview

A key aspect of the Group Audit Committee’s work this year was to 
oversee a formal and comprehensive tender process for the external 
auditor appointment. After careful consideration of the strength of each 
proposal, the Board accepted the recommendation from the Group 
Audit Committee (the Committee) to retain the services of our external 
auditor, Deloitte LLP (Deloitte). The audit tender process is described in 
more detail in the following pages, together with the Committee’s other 
principal activities during the year.

A particular focus of the Committee last year was 
the appropriateness of the Group’s general insurance 
liability claims reserves and, in particular, the reserves 
held in respect of physical and sexual abuse (PSA) 
claims. We have continued to focus on both PSA and 
other liability reserves during 2015 and undertook a 
detailed review of changes to the approach to setting 
reserves in respect of asbestos-related diseases in 
the second half of the year.

From an accounting and reporting perspective, 
the significant issues considered in detail by the 
Committee are set out on pages 100 and 101.

The Committee seeks to ensure that the identification 
and management of significant risks is embedded 
across all areas of the business, with continued and 
effective oversight from the Group Management 
Board (GMB). We are satisfied that the business 
has maintained a robust risk management and 
internal controls culture, supported by strong overall 
governance processes.

The Group’s principal risks and uncertainties are set 
out on pages 51 to 58. We have reviewed these in 
detail and are comfortable that the business has 
addressed them appropriately within its ongoing 
operating model and identification of strategic priorities.

John Hylands 
Chairman of the  
Group Audit Committee

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Membership

The Committee members have been selected with the aim of providing the wide range of financial and 
commercial expertise necessary to fulfil the Committee’s duties. The Board considers that John Hylands has 
recent and relevant financial experience, as required by the UK Corporate Governance Code. 

The Committee members and their attendance at meetings during the year are shown below:

Committee  
members

John Hylands (Chairman) 

Tim Carroll 

Anthony Latham 

Denise Wilson 

Member since 

March 2008 

April 2013 

December 2008 

August 2011 

Meetings eligible  
to attend 

Meetings 
attended

6 

6 

6 

6 

6

5

6

5

Committee meetings

During the year, the Committee had six scheduled 
meetings. In addition to the members of the 
Committee, the Chairman of the Board, the Group 
Chief Executive, the Group Chief Financial Officer 
and the Director of Group Internal Audit (GIA) attend 
meetings by invitation. Other relevant people from 
the business are invited to attend certain meetings 
in order to provide a deeper level of insight into key 
issues and developments. Deloitte is invited to attend 
meetings, and during 2015 they attended five of the 
six meetings held. 

The Committee meets with the Director of GIA on 
an annual basis, in the absence of management to 
discuss the GIA function and any issues arising from 
its activity. In addition, the Committee meets with 
Deloitte on an annual basis, without management 
present, to discuss the external audit and any issues 
arising from it.

The Committee’s key responsibilities include:

  monitoring the integrity of the  

financial statements;

  challenging the Group’s financial reporting,  
and reporting upon anything that it is not  
satisfied with;

  reviewing the Group’s whistleblowing 

arrangements;

  reviewing the Group’s audit arrangements,  

both externally and internally; and

  reviewing the effectiveness of the Group’s 

systems of internal financial controls and the 
management of financial risks.

A summary of the main activities of the Committee 
during the year are shown on the next few pages.

Appropriateness of the Group’s 
external financial reporting

The primary role of the Committee in relation  
to financial reporting is to review, challenge and  
agree the appropriateness of the half-year and  
annual financial statements concentrating on, 
amongst other matters:

  the quality and acceptability of the Group’s 

accounting policies and practices;

  the clarity of the disclosures and compliance  
with financial reporting standards and relevant 
financial and governance reporting requirements;

  material areas in which significant judgements 

have been made by the Group or there has been 
discussion with the external auditor;

  whether the Group’s Annual Report and 

Accounts, taken as a whole, are fair, balanced 
and understandable and provide the information 
necessary for shareholders to assess the Group’s 
position and performance, Business Model and 
Strategy; and

  any correspondence from regulators in relation  

to financial reporting.

The Committee gave consideration to the 
presentation of the financial statements, and in 
particular the coherence and consistency between 
the risks, critical accounting estimates and accounting 
policies disclosed within the Annual Report.

To aid their review, the Committee considered reports 
from the GMB, the Group Chief Financial Officer and 
reports from Deloitte on the outcomes of their half-
year review and annual audit. 

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99

 
 
 
 
SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

The significant areas of focus considered by the Committee in relation to the 2015 accounts, and how these 
were addressed, are outlined below. These were discussed and agreed with management during the course 
of the year, and we also discussed them with Deloitte at both the half year and year end. The nature of these 
issues and how they are mitigated is explained in more detail in the Risk Management Report on page 51,  
and also note 2 to the financial statements on page 148.

  Issue 

Assessment

General insurance 
claims reserves

The estimation of the ultimate liability arising from claims made under general business 
insurance contracts is a critical accounting estimate. There is uncertainty as to the total 
number of claims made on each class of business, the amounts that such claims will be settled 
for and the timings of any payments. 

The Committee considered detailed reports provided by the Group’s Reserving Actuary and the 
Actuarial Function Director on the adequacy of the Group’s general insurance reserves at both 
the half year and the full year. We also considered reports from Deloitte following their audit. 

There was evidence of an improvement in the performance of general liability claims in the UK 
during the year and the Committee considered in detail the resulting favourable development 
of prior year reserves recommended by management, taking into account the Group Reserving 
Actuary’s assessment of the sufficiency of these reserves. The Committee agreed that the 
proposed releases were reasonable and that the reserves remained appropriately prudent. 

At the half year, management also reviewed the historic exposure profile and claims resulting 
from asbestos-related diseases and increased the reserves accordingly. The Committee held 
had a detailed session with the Group’s Reserving Actuary to consider changes to the basis 
of modelling these reserves. After consideration, the Committee agreed it was appropriate to 
strengthen reserves for this long-tail risk in line with the management recommendation.

There was a particular focus on PSA reserves last year, and the Committee reviewed actual 
claims experience against expectations throughout the year. It was noted that experience was 
better than expected over 2015, but after discussions with management we agreed that it 
was appropriate to maintain reserves at their current level given the likely volatility in claims 
patterns from year to year.

Following all of our reviews and discussions, the Committee was satisfied that the reserving 
process and outcomes were robust and well managed and that the overall reserves set  
were reasonable.

The calculation of the Group’s life insurance reserves requires management to make  
significant judgements about bond yields, discount rates, credit risk, mortality rates and current 
expectations of future expense levels. The Actuarial Function Holder’s proposed assumptions 
are reviewed, challenged and agreed by the Ecclesiastical Life Limited Board. 

Any one-off or unusual items are referred to the Committee for further approval. During 2015, 
the Committee considered proposed changes to mortality assumptions and the assumptions 
for the pattern of reductions in the Group’s expenses as the business runs off. Following their 
review and consideration of Deloitte’s report, the Committee was satisfied that the changes 
proposed were appropriate and overall the judgements made in respect of the reserves  
were reasonable.

Life insurance 
reserves

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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

  Issue 

Assessment

Carrying value  
of goodwill

The judgements in relation to asset impairment largely relate to the assumptions underlying 
the calculation of the value in use of the business being tested for impairment, primarily the 
achievability of the long-term business plan and macroeconomic assumptions underlying 
the valuation process. The Committee addresses these matters by receiving reports from 
management outlining the basis for the assumptions used. Business plans are reviewed, 
challenged and signed off by the Board. During 2015, the Committee considered 
management’s proposal to change the discount rate used. The Committee was satisfied that 
the proposed rate better reflected current market assessments of the time value of money 
and the asset-specific risk. 

After review, the Committee agreed with management’s conclusions that no material 
impairment was required for any of the businesses under review.

Valuation of defined 
benefit pension 
scheme liability

Although the Group’s main defined benefit pension scheme remains in surplus, the liabilities 
of the schemes are material in comparison to the Group’s net assets and the valuation 
requires many actuarial assumptions, including judgements in relation to long-term interest 
rates, inflation, longevity and investment returns. 

The actuarial assumptions used are based on advice from the Group’s pension adviser, who 
also performs the calculations in respect of the schemes. 

The Committee considered the assumptions used, and also compared them to benchmark 
data. In addition, the Committee considered whether it was appropriate to recognise the 
pension fund surplus as an asset of the Group. The Committee noted the recent clarification 
of International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) 14 regarding the 
continuance of a minimum funding requirement for contributions relating to future service.

After review of the assumptions used, the external advice provided, benchmark data and 
careful consideration of the requirements of IAS 19(R) and IFRIC 14, the Committee 
concluded that reasonable assumptions had been used and recognition of part of the surplus 
as an asset of the Group was appropriate.

Carrying value  
of tax liabilities 

The calculation of tax liabilities requires management to make judgements in respect of 
the expected tax payable for the current and prior periods based on the interpretation of 
applicable tax legislation. 

The Committee considered the tax provisions proposed by management and the material 
judgements management had applied. We reviewed the calculation for the release of 
deferred tax provision following the recently enacted changes in the future corporation tax 
rate. Following our review, the Committee concluded that tax provisions were appropriate.

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SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Fair, balanced and  
understandable 

At the request of the Board, the Committee as 
considered whether, in its opinion, the 2015 Annual 
Report and Financial Statements are fair, balanced 
and understandable and provide the information 
necessary for shareholders to assess the Group’s 
position and performance, Business Model and 
Strategy. An early draft of the Annual Report was 
provided to the Committee for initial review and 
feedback at its February meeting. Feedback was 
provided by the Committee highlighting any areas 
where they believed further clarity was required in  
the final version. The final draft was provided one 
week prior to the meeting at which it would be 
requested to provide its final opinion, and further 
minor feedback from the Committee was incorporated 
into the final version. 

The Committee was provided with comprehensive 
verification of all the information and facts in the 
Annual Report, and any statements of belief were 
highlighted and considered separately by the 
Committee. When forming its opinion, the Committee 
reflected on information it had received and its 
discussions throughout the year as well as their own 
knowledge of the business and its performance.

The Committee also asked an employee of the Group, 
who does not work in a financial or actuarial area 
and is not involved in the production of the Annual 
Report or financial results, to review a near-final draft 
and give their opinion on whether they consider it 
to be fair, balanced and understandable. Guidance 
on what is meant by these statements and aspects 
the employee may wish to consider when forming 
an opinion was provided. The employee produced 
a written report for the Committee which gave their 
overall opinion on the Annual Report and also set 
out their view of the strengths and any areas for 
development for the future. 

Following its review, the Committee was of the 
opinion that the 2015 Annual Report is representative 
of the year and presents a fair, balanced and 
understandable overview, providing the necessary 
information for shareholders to assess the Group’s 
performance, Business Model and Strategy.

There has been no correspondence from regulators  
in relation to financial reporting during the year. 

Overseeing the relationship 
with and performance of the 
external auditor

External audit tender

Last year, we advised that Deloitte had been the 
external auditor of the Group since 1998 and that 
there had been no tender held for audit services since 
their appointment. We advised that, after considering 
the longer-term implications of the recently adopted 
EU legislation requiring mandatory audit firm 
rotation, which will apply from June 2016 and The 
Statutory Audit Services for Large Companies Market 
Investigation (Mandatory Use of Competitive Tender 
Processes and Audit Committee Responsibilities) 
Order 2014, the Committee had determined that an 
external audit tender would commence in the spring 
of 2015 for the 2015 year-end audit. 

The Committee took the decision to invite three 
firms to tender for the audit. It was the Committee’s 
intention to complete this process in time to make 
a recommendation to the Board at its August 2015 
meeting with a view to making any new appointment 
on 1 September 2015. The Committee felt this gave 
any new audit firm sufficient time to prepare for the 
year-end audit. 

Governance 

The proposal to tender for the audit work of the 
Group was overseen by the Committee Chairman. 
The tender process involved several stages, which are 
summarised below: 

  Consideration of firms to invite. After 

consideration of the skills and resources required 
to undertake the external audit of the Group and 
any potential conflicts of interest, the Committee 
decided to invite three firms to tender, one of 
which was the incumbent Deloitte. 

  Identification of key criteria and development 
of documentation. The Committee considered 
and agreed the key criteria and the format of the 
invitation to tender. These were then shared with 
the invited firms. 

  Interview phase. Each firm was invited to an 

extensive series of interviews with members of the 
Committee, members of the Board and a number 
of the Group’s senior management team. These 
interviews formed part of a formal assessment 
process where each firm was scored against the 
key criteria, including matters such as the strength 
and experience of senior team members and 
their firm’s ability to serve effectively the Group’s 
diverse operations. 

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  Submission of a written proposal document. 

Each firm was asked to provide detailed 
information in writing on certain matters in support 
of their proposal.

  Tender presentations. All three of the firms were 
invited to present their audit proposition to the full 
Committee. The Group Chief Executive and Group 
Chief Financial Officer were also in attendance for 
these presentations. Following the presentations, 
the Committee considered the strength of 
each proposal, discussed the strengths and 
weaknesses of each firm against the key criteria 
and considered feedback and scoring provided 
by the Board members and senior managers who 
had met the firms during the tender process.  
The Committee in turn provided a recommendation 
to the Board for consideration and approval. 

  Outcome. The Committee unanimously 

agreed to recommend to the Board that the 
services of Deloitte be retained, and the Board 
accepted this recommendation. Accordingly, 
subject to shareholders’ approval, Deloitte will 
be reappointed as auditor. The Committee also 
recommended that the Group move the external 
audit of all its subsidiaries to Deloitte and no 
longer use any non-Deloitte component audit 
firms, which the Board also agreed.

We believe that the audit tender was a valuable 
exercise, and the Group expects to achieve a number 
of improvements to its audit service as a result. 

Audit planning

The Committee oversees the plans for the external 
audit to ensure it is comprehensive, risk based and 
cost effective. Deloitte drafted an initial audit plan 
for the 2015 audit in conjunction with executive 
management and presented it for review by the 
Committee at its November meeting. The plans 
describe the proposed scope of the work and 
the approach to be taken. They also propose the 
materiality levels to be used. In order to focus the 
audit work on the right areas, the auditors identify 
particular risk issues based on their knowledge of the 
business and operating environment, discussions with 
management and the half-year review. The fee for the 
audit is also proposed as part of this discussion.

The Committee discussed the audit plan for the 2015 
audit with Deloitte. The proposed change in approach 
to setting materiality was considered reasonable, and 
the Committee agreed that the right key audit risks 
had been identified. 

External audit process 
effectiveness

The Committee is required to assess the 
qualifications, expertise, resources and independence 
of the external auditor and the objectivity and 
effectiveness of the audit process. At the conclusion 
of each audit, the Committee performs a specific 
evaluation of the performance of the external auditor. 
This assessment was carried out shortly before the 
start of the external audit tender process and was 
based on the Committee’s own appraisal of the 
performance of the auditor and the views of the 
senior management team as well as consideration  
of materials provided by the auditor.

The criteria used for this assessment remained 
unchanged from last year and were as follows:

  delivery of a thorough and efficient global audit  
in compliance with agreed plan and timescales;

  provision of accurate, robust and perceptive 

advice on key accounting and audit judgements, 
technical issues and best practice;

  a high level of professionalism and technical 

expertise consistently demonstrated by all audit 
staff and maintenance of continuity within the 
core audit team; and

  strict adherence to independence policies and 

other regulatory requirements.

There were no significant findings from the evaluation 
this year, although points were identified for improving 
the overall external audit process which was taken 
into account in the external audit tender process. The 
Committee is satisfied that the changes made and 
agreed for the future as a result of that process will 
address these points.  

Independence of the  
external auditor

Both the Board and the external auditor have 
safeguards in place to protect the independence and 
objectivity of the external auditor. 

The Committee is responsible for the development, 
implementation and monitoring of the Group’s 
policy on the provision of non-audit services by the 
external auditor. The policy is reviewed annually by 
the Committee to ensure alignment with the latest 
standards on auditor objectivity and independence, 
and compliance with the policy. 

The policy covers a number of areas including:

  the Group’s restrictions, procedures and 

safeguards, relative to the engagement of the 
external auditor on non-audit services;

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SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

  the Group’s requirements for the pre-approval and 

reporting of fees for non-audit services;

  policy on the appointment of former audit 
employees of the external auditor; and

  the requirement to keep a register of all former 

employees of the current external auditor 
employed by the Group.

The Group determines non-audit services which are 
prohibited and those which are permitted ‘subject to 
safeguards’. The Group’s aim is to identify appropriate 
service providers and ensure that any non-audit work 
is carried out by the most appropriate provider in a 
manner that gives best value for money. The policy 
is shared with the external auditor of the Group. 
Adherence to the policy and non-audit fees incurred 
is regularly reviewed by the Committee.

For the year ended 31 December 2015, the Group 
was charged £411,000 (exc VAT) by Deloitte and 
its associates for audit services. The fees for other 
assurance services required by legislation and/or 
regulation amounted to £92,000, making total fees 
from Deloitte of £503,000. None of the non-audit 
services provided during the year was in respect of 
significant engagements. More detail can be found in 
note 11 to the financial statements on page 166. 

Oversight of the Group’s 
systems of internal control 
including the internal audit 
function

Assessment of internal controls

The Group’s approach to internal control and risk 
management is set out in the Corporate Governance 
Report on page 86. 

In reviewing the effectiveness of the system of 
internal control and risk management during 2015 
the Committee has:

  reviewed the findings and agreed management 
actions arising from both external and internal 
audit reports issued during the year;

  monitored management’s responsiveness to the 
findings and recommendations of the Director  
of GIA;

  met with the Director of GIA once during the year 
without management being present to discuss any 
issues arising from internal audits carried out; and

  considered a report prepared by the Director of 

GIA giving his assessment of the strength of the 
Group’s internal controls based on internal audits 
performed during the year. 

Internal control over  
financial reporting 

Internal control over financial reporting is a process 
designed to provide reasonable, but not absolute, 
assurance regarding the reliability of management 
and financial reporting in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles. Controls over 
financial reporting policies and procedures include 
controls to ensure that:

  through clearly defined role profiles and  
financial mandates, there is effective  
delegation of authority;

  there is adequate segregation of duties in  

respect of all financial transactions;

  commitments and expenditure are appropriately 

authorised by management;

  records are maintained which accurately and fairly 

reflect transactions;

  any unauthorised acquisition, use or disposal of 
the Group’s assets that could have a material 
effect on the financial statements should be 
detected on a timely basis;

  transactions are recorded as required to permit 

the preparation of financial statements; and

  the Group is able to report its financial statements 

in compliance with IFRS.

Due to inherent limitations, internal control over 
financial reporting may not prevent or detect 
misstatements. Risk management and control 
systems provide reasonable assurance that the 
financial reporting does not contain any material 
inaccuracies. Through its review of reports received 
from management, along with those from internal and 
external auditors, the Committee did not identify any 
material weaknesses in internal controls over financial 
reporting during the year. The financial systems are 
deemed to have functioned properly during the year 
under review, and there are no current indications they  
will not continue to do so in the forthcoming period. 

Group Internal Audit (GIA)

GIA is monitored by the Committee and provides 
independent, objective assurance to the Board that 
the governance processes, management of risk and 
systems of internal control are adequate and effective 
to mitigate the most significant risks to the Group.

The Committee has oversight responsibility for 
GIA and the Director of GIA is accountable to the 
Committee Chairman, reports administratively to 
the Group Chief Executive and has access to the 
Chairman of the Board. 

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Legal and regulatory 
developments

The Committee receives regular reports and 
considers the impact of legal and regulatory 
developments on the UK Group to control legal 
and regulatory risk. They monitor the application 
and impact of any actions required by the business 
or organisation through to completion. Reports are 
shared with relevant business areas, and with relevant 
subsidiary Boards and Board Committees.

By order of the Board

John Hylands 
Chairman of the Group Audit Committee

16 March 2016

GIA’s annual programme of work is risk based and 
designed to cover areas of higher risk or specific 
focus across the Group. The plan is approved 
annually in advance by the Committee and is regularly 
reviewed throughout the year to ensure that it 
continues to reflect areas of higher priority. Where 
necessary, changes to the agreed plan are identified 
as a consequence of the Group’s changing risk 
profile. All proposed changes to the agreed internal 
audit plan are reviewed, challenged and approved by 
the Group Audit Committee during the year.

Throughout the year, GIA submitted quarterly reports 
to the Committee summarising findings from audit 
activity undertaken and the responses and action 
plans agreed with management. During the year,  
the Committee monitored progress of the most 
significant management action plans to ensure that 
these were completed in a timely manner and to a 
satisfactory standard. 

Whistleblowing

The Committee is responsible for reviewing the 
Group’s whistleblowing procedures and receives 
regular updates. No concerns were raised through 
these channels in 2015.

During the year, the Group’s approach to 
whistleblowing was refreshed and set out in a 
new Standard and Guidance Document (which is 
available internally on the Group’s intranet). The 
Chairman of the Group Audit Committee was 
designated the Group’s 'Whistleblowing Champion' 
having responsibility to ensure the independence, 
autonomy and effectiveness of the Group's policies 
and procedures on whistleblowing including the 
procedures for protection of staff that raise concerns 
from detrimental treatment. On behalf of the 
Whistleblowing Champion, the Director of GIA is 
responsible for ensuring the effectiveness of  
internal whistleblowing arrangements, including 
arrangements for protecting whistleblowers against 
detrimental treatment.  

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

105

SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Group  
Remuneration  
Report

Group Remuneration Committee  
Chairman’s statement

As Chair of the Group Remuneration Committee, I am pleased to introduce 
the Group Remuneration Report for the year ending 31 December 2015 
and to highlight some of the key aspects of the Committee’s work during 
the financial year. 

About this report

As has been the case in previous years, while our 
Group structure does not require us to comply with 
the regulations governing the disclosure of executive 
remuneration to which quoted companies are subject, 
we have chosen to largely adopt these reporting 
requirements in order to provide greater transparency 
and follow best practice. This introductory statement 
summarises: the business context for the executive 
remuneration in 2015; major decisions taken by the 
Committee during the year; and, changes made to 
directors’ remuneration. The Directors’ Remuneration 
Policy on pages 111 to 122 sets out the Group’s 
policy in relation to the structure and elements of pay  
for our directors, and the Annual Report on Remuneration 
on pages 122 to129 describes how the Group’s 
remuneration policies have been implemented 
in 2015, providing retrospective disclosures on 
directors’ remuneration for 2015 and setting out  
how the policy will be implemented in 2016. 

Review of performance and 
incentive outcomes

As described in the Strategic Report starting on 
page 14, the Group has delivered another set of 
strong and consistent results in 2015, continuing the 
transformation in its performance over the last two 
years. Our profit before tax (PBT) grew by 11% to 

Denise Wilson OBE 
Chair of the Group  
Remuneration Committee

106

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

£54m (2014: £48m), with underwriting profits and 
investment returns performing well. During 2015, the 
Group once again delivered a strong underwriting 
profit, with the Combined Operating Ratio (COR) for 
the Group improving to 92.0% (2014: 95.2%).

Given the Group’s strong performance over the 
year, the Committee is satisfied that (i) the annual 
bonus awards of 88% (Group Chief Executive), 81% 
(Deputy Group Chief Executive) and 78% (Group 
Chief Financial Officer) of the maximum potential 
value and (ii) the extent to which the LTIP granted in 
2013 vested, were appropriate. 

The Committee reviews risk management across the 
Group as part of its deliberations on remuneration, 
to ensure that the financial results achieved over 
the one- and three-year periods applicable to the 
directors’ annual bonus and long-term incentive plan 
(LTIP) outcomes have been achieved within the risk 
appetite limits set for the Group. The Committee is 
advised by the Group Chief Risk Officer (CRO) in 
relation to the risk impact of incentive scheme design, 
targets, and whether the outturns have been achieved 
within the Group’s risk appetite. I am pleased to report 
that following this review for the period ending 31 
December 2015, no adjustments were considered 
necessary to the 2015 Group annual bonus or the 
2013-2015 LTIP.

Key Committee activities during 
the year

Following the strategic review of the Group’s 
Remuneration Policy in 2014, revised Group annual 
bonus and Group LTIP arrangements came into force 
in 2015. During the year, the Committee worked with 
the CRO to further refine the measures underpinning 
the Customer and Conduct performance condition 
within the Group annual bonus. 

The remuneration package of the Deputy Group 
Chief Executive was reviewed during 2015. During 
the year, S. Jacinta Whyte continued to exercise 
her responsibilities as General Manager and Chief 
Agent for Canada and as Managing Director of UK 
General Insurance, alongside her responsibilities 
as Deputy Group Chief Executive. In recognition of 
the continuing requirement for S. Jacinta Whyte to 
lead the UK and General Insurance transformation 
programme and to fulfil the role of Managing Director 
of UK General Insurance, the Deputy Group Chief 
Executive’s incentive plan was extended in duration 
from two to three years with a pro-rata increase in  
the potential value. 

During the year, the Committee continued to oversee 
the development of remuneration policy and incentive 
scheme design across the wider Group. In particular, 
revised annual bonus and LTIP arrangements were 
reviewed and approved for EdenTree Investment 
Management Limited (EdenTree), South Essex 
Insurance Brokers Limited (SEIB) and Ansvar 
Australia, further aligning these with the Group 
Remuneration Policy.

The regulatory and corporate governance 
environment for executive remuneration continues 
to develop apace. During the year the Committee 
considered, amongst other developments, the 
implications of the European Banking Authority 
(EBA) consultation on sound remuneration principles 
for EdenTree and the implications of Solvency II on 
the Group’s remuneration governance, structures and 
risk adjustment approaches. In line with Solvency II 
remuneration requirements, the deferral period for the 
Group annual bonus will be increased in 2016 from 
a period of two years to three years. The Committee 
additionally benefited from an in-depth update 
provided by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC) on 
developments in remuneration arrangements and 
regulation in asset management firms.

The Committee undertook a competitive tender 
process during 2015 to appoint an external adviser 
to the Committee. As a result of the tender process, 
New Bridge Street were appointed as adviser to the 
Committee with effect from December 2015. 

The Board also reviewed fees for non-executive 
directors (NEDs) during 2015, in line with its two-
year review cycle. The increases (set out on page 
127) reflect the continuing increases in workloads 
in recent years and are designed to bring fees in line 
with those paid at similar-sized companies, ensuring 
that the Group will continue to be able to attract 
NEDs with the range of experience and skills to 
oversee the implementation of our Strategy.

Finally, I value the continued support from our 
charitable owner and shareholder Allchurches 
Trust Limited (ATL), and remain mindful of our 
responsibilities to drive sustained and improved 
performance over the long term through our 
remuneration strategy, policy and principles.

Denise Wilson OBE 
Chair of the Group Remuneration Committee

16 March 2016

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SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

The Remuneration Committee

Purpose and membership

The Committee is responsible for recommending 
to the Board the Remuneration Policy for executive 
directors and for setting the remuneration packages 
for each executive director, members of the Group 
Management Board, Remuneration Code staff 
and heads of strategic business units. None of the 
executive directors were involved in discussions 
relating to their own remuneration. The Committee 
also has overarching responsibility for the Group-wide 
Remuneration Policy.

The Committee’s roles and responsibilities are set out 
in full in the ToR. The Committee’s ToR is reviewed 
annually and there were no substantive changes in  
2015. The Committee reviews its effectiveness annually.

During 2015, the Committee held five meetings in 
total, four scheduled meetings and one additional 
meeting. The Group Remuneration Committee 
members and their attendance at meetings  
during the year are set out in the table below.  
All members are independent NEDs and have the 
necessary experience and expertise to meet the 
Committee’s responsibilities.

Appointed 
to the Committee 

Meetings eligible  
to attend 

Meetings 
attended

Committee  
members

Denise Wilson (Chair) 

December 2011 

David Christie 

Christine Wilson 

Caroline Taylor 

April 2013 

April 2013 

November 2014 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5

5

4

5

Advisers to the Committee 

During the year, the Committee received external 
advice from FIT Remuneration Consultants LLP 
(FIT) in relation to the implementation of the Group 
Remuneration Strategy Review and the determination 
of appropriate remuneration packages for executive 
directors, members of the Group Management Board 
(GMB) and heads of strategic business units. The 
Committee received external advice from PwC in 
relation to remuneration arrangements and regulation 
in asset management firms and in relation to the 
Solvency II remuneration requirements. FIT has no 
other advisory function within the Group. PwC acted 
as advisors to the Group during 2015 in relation to 
non-remuneration aspects of Solvency II and also 
provided services in respect of tax compliance. 

Fees paid to FIT and PwC during 2015 for 
professional advice to the Committee were £38,658 
and £29,220 respectively. The Committee is satisfied 
that the advice received during 2015 from its advisers 
was impartial, as both FIT and PwC are signatories to 
the voluntary code of conduct of the Remuneration 
Consultants Group.

As set out earlier, in the Chairman’s statement, a 
competitive tender process was undertaken in 2015 
to appoint an external adviser to the Committee. As a 
result of the tender process, New Bridge Street has 
been appointed with effect from December 2015. 

The Committee is satisfied that the advice that will 
be received from New Bridge Street will be impartial, 
as New Bridge Street is a signatory to the voluntary 
code of conduct of the Remuneration Consultants 
Group.

The Committee also had access to benchmarking 
reports from Towers Watson and McLagan, each of 
which also provide data to support the determination 
of pay and conditions throughout the Group. 

Where appropriate, the Committee received input 
from the Chairman, Group Chief Executive, Group HR 
Director, Director of Group Finance, CRO, Director 
of Group Internal Audit and Group Reward Manager. 
Such input never relates to their own remuneration.  

Activities of the Remuneration  
Committee in 2015

The Committee discussed the following key matters 
during 2015: 

  approving the new Group Remuneration Policy;

  setting of performance conditions and targets  
for 2015 annual bonuses and 2015-2017  
LTIPs applicable to executive directors,  
members of the GMB and heads of strategic 
business units and employees;

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  considering the CRO’s opinion on the risk impact 

of incentive scheme design and targets;

  approving the 2015 salaries and vesting 
outcomes of 2014 annual bonuses and  
2012-2014 LTIPs for the above population;

  approving a revised annual and LTIP for  

code staff within EdenTree;

  approving a revised annual bonus plan for the 

Chief Executive Officer and employees of Ansvar 
Australia, and the LTIP applicable to the Chief 
Executive Officer of Ansvar Australia;

  approving a revised annual incentive plan for the 

directors of SEIB;

  approving, in relation to EdenTree, the code 

staff population, remuneration policy and Pillar 3 
remuneration disclosure, together with the annual 
audit of compliance with the Remuneration Code;

  considering the change in Remuneration Code 

applicable to EdenTree (to SYSC 19C); 

  approving the 2014 Directors’  

Remuneration Report;

  reviewing external market developments  

and trends; 

  evaluating the Committee’s performance in 2015 
and setting the Committee’s objectives for 2016;

  reviewing the pension policy for executives  

and designated senior managers;

  approving changes to the discretionary 
incentive plan applicable to the Deputy  
Group Chief Executive; 

  approving the appointment of New Bridge Street 
as external adviser to the Committee following a 
tender process;

  considering remuneration regulation and  
market best practice applicable to asset 
management firms;

  reviewing the implications of the EBA consultation 
on sound remuneration policies on remuneration 
policy for code staff; and

  reviewing the implications of Solvency II  

on remuneration policy.

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Directors’ Remuneration Policy 

The Directors’ Remuneration Policy (the ‘Policy’) described in this part 
of the report is intended to apply for the year from January to December 
2016 and describes the structure and elements of pay and how they 
interact. A strategic review of the Group’s Remuneration Policy was 
carried out in 2014 and implemented in 2015. The Policy set out below 
reflects the outcomes of this review and is largely unchanged from 2015.

As outlined in the Group’s Strategic Report, starting 
on page 14, our ambition includes the following 
strategic objectives:

  Most Trusted Specialist Insurer 
  Most Trusted Specialist Adviser
  Best Ethical Investment Provider 

To support the achievement of the Group’s strategic 
objectives, we need to attract, motivate and retain 
highly capable, productive and motivated employees 
who are aligned to the Group’s values and culture. 
The Group therefore needs to provide a progressive, 
dynamic working environment which allows its 
employees to fulfil their potential and an appropriately 
structured set of remuneration policies.

The Group’s Remuneration Policy is aligned to 
delivery of the Group’s strategic objectives and 
establishes a set of principles which underpin the 
Group’s reward structures for all Group employees:

  Reward structures will promote the delivery of 
long-term sustainable returns. As such, the 
performance measures in the annual and LTIP 
will reflect and support the Group’s underlying 
strategic goals and risk appetite and may 
comprise both financial and non-financial targets. 

  Reward will be performance-related, reflecting 

individual and business performance, including  
both what is delivered and the way in which results  
are achieved. However, the Group will adopt a prudent  
and considered approach when determining 
what portion of an employee’s package should 
be performance-linked and/or variable so as to 
ensure that irresponsible conduct and behaviours 
are neither encouraged nor rewarded and that 
customer experience is not prejudiced in any way 
by the operation of its pay arrangements. 

  Reward structures will be straightforward and 

simple for everyone to understand.

  Remuneration packages will be set by reference 
to levels for comparable roles in comparable 
organisations. However, benchmark data will be 

only one of a number of factors that will determine 
remuneration packages. 

  Reward structures will deliver an appropriate 
balance of fixed to variable pay in order to 
foster a performance culture, with the proportion 
of ‘at risk’ pay typically increasing with seniority. 
However, high levels of leverage are not 
appropriate for the Group.

  Reward structures will achieve a balance between  

short- and long-term incentives, supporting 
the overall aim of the Group’s Remuneration 
Policy of promoting the long-term success of the 
Group. The balance between short- and long-term 
incentive pay is largely driven by role and seniority, 
with generally a greater role played by long-term 
incentives for more senior employees.

  The Group will strive to adhere to the highest 
standards of remuneration-related regulatory 
compliance and best practice guidelines, while 
ensuring that the Group’s remuneration policies 
are appropriately tailored to its circumstances, 
challenges and strategic goals.

  The Committee reviews the Group’s Remuneration 
Policy annually to ensure that it remains aligned 
with the needs of the Group and its longer-term 
strategy and that it remains appropriately aligned 
with the external market. 

Balancing short- and  
long-term remuneration

We have established the remuneration elements set 
out in this report guided by the Group’s Remuneration 
Policy principles above. Fixed annual elements 
including salary, pension and benefits, are to 
recognise the responsibility and experience of our 
executive directors and to ensure current and future 
market competitiveness. The annual and long-term 
incentives are to incentivise and reward our executive 
directors for making the Group successful on a 
sustainable basis.

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Future policy table (executive directors)

Salary

Benefits

Pension

How the element
supports our  
strategic objectives

To provide a core reward at 
the level needed to attract 
and retain the required 
level of talent. 

Operation of the element

Salaries are paid in 12 equal monthly instalments during the year. 
Salaries are reviewed annually with changes taking effect from 1 April 
each year.  

To provide a market- 
competitive reward package 
and promote the wellbeing 
of employees. 

Benefits normally comprise a car allowance, a private healthcare scheme 
and medical assessments. Executive directors also receive life assurance 
cover on the same basis as the wider employee population and in the case 
of the Deputy Group Chief Executive, health and dental cover, accidental 
death and dismemberment cover and long-term disability cover on the 
same basis as the wider employee population in our Canadian branch. 

To aid retention and provide a 
market competitive provision 
for post-retirement income. 

UK Defined Contribution Scheme: UK-based executive directors are 
eligible to participate in the Group Personal Pension plan. Contributions 
are made by the employee and employer.

Canadian EIO plc Defined Contribution Pension plan: the Canadian 
Defined Contribution plan is applicable to Ecclesiastical’s Canadian staff. 
The Deputy Group Chief Executive participates under this plan and does 
not participate in the UK Defined Contribution Scheme. Contributions are 
made by the employer. 

Group annual  
bonus scheme 

To incentivise the executive 
directors to achieve key 
financial and strategic goals 
and targets that have been 
set for the financial year. 

Deferral provides further 
alignment with shareholder 
interests and promotes 
retention. 

This cash bonus is paid annually, normally three months after the end of 
the financial year to which it relates. 

Targets are set annually and award levels are determined by the 
Committee based on performance against these targets. When agreeing 
targets, the Committee also receives advice from the CRO on the extent 
to which the scheme meets the Group’s risk appetite.

Any bonus earned in excess of 75% of an individual’s maximum bonus 
opportunity is deferred over a period of three years.

Bonus already paid, or deferred, is subject to malus/clawback in certain 
circumstances: (i) mis-statement of performance; (ii) regulatory censure, 
material reputational damage and/or material non-adherence to the 
Group’s risk tolerances; and (iii) misconduct. A three-year time limit applies. 

The Committee has discretion to reduce any bonus prior to award in 
certain circumstances, including (but not limited to): (i) there are issues 
regarding the Group’s underlying financial strength and position; (ii) there 
is an actual or potential regulatory censure; (iii) the Group is in material 
breach of its risk policies (including conduct risk) and/or its values/ethics; 
and (iv) there is a material diminution in the regard by which the Group is 
held by its customer base through mismanagement. 

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Maximum potential value and  
payment at threshold

Performance measures 
used, weighting and  
time period applicable

Change from 2015

When the annual review is conducted various factors are taken into account, 
including Group and individual performance, relevant market information and 
levels of pay increases in the wider UK or relevant territory population.

Group and individual 
performance

None
None

Relevant pay data including market practice among a chosen set of 
comparator organisations in the financial services sector is also considered.

Benefits are set at a level taking into account benefit packages offered 
by comparable organisations for comparable roles; benefits offered to the 
wider employee population and the objective of promoting the wellbeing of 
employees. The costs are those relating to providing the benefit.  

Not applicable

None

The level of pension contribution takes into account the seniority of the role and 
pension benefits offered by comparable organisations for comparable roles. 

Not applicable

None

The employer contribution rate to the UK Defined Contribution Scheme will  
be 15% of basic salary.

Any contributions to the UK Defined Contribution Scheme that are above the 
annual or lifetime earnings limit are paid in cash, net of National Insurance (NI) 
contributions charge.

The employer contribution rate to the Canadian EIO plc Defined Contribution 
Pension plan will be 12% of basic salary.

Any contributions to the Canadian pension plan that are above the Canadian 
government maximum contribution limit are paid into a Supplemental Employee 
Retirement Plan (SERP) and are maintained as a liability on the Canadian 
balance sheet and attract interest annually.  

Maximum opportunity of 100% of salary of which 50% is payable for a target 
level of performance. 

Deferral period 
increased from two 
to three years, for 
any bonus earned in 
excess of 75% of an 
individual’s maximum 
bonus opportunity.

The Group annual bonus 
is subject to a range of 
challenging metrics linked to 
key strategic priorities. 

For 2016, the following 
performance metrics  
will apply: 

 Ecclesiastical Insurance 
Group (EIG) PBT (including 
fair value investment gains/
losses)

 Group COR

 Strategic targets

 Customers and conduct

and

 Personal performance  
rating.

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SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Future policy table (executive directors)

Group LTIP

How the element
supports our  
strategic objectives

To focus the executives 
and incentivise the 
achievement of the Group’s 
long-term objectives; 
to align the executive 
directors’ interests with 
those of the shareholders 
and to promote attraction 
and retention of talented 
individuals. 

Operation of the element

Cash awards under the Group LTIP vest dependent on the Committee’s 
assessment of performance against the performance conditions over the 
relevant three-year period. 

Targets are set annually for each successive three-year LTIP period.  
When agreeing targets, the Committee also receives advice from the  
CRO on the extent to which the scheme meets the Group’s risk appetite.

Any LTIP already vested and any unvested LTIP is subject to malus/
clawback in certain circumstances: (i) mis-statement of performance;  
(ii) regulatory censure, material reputational damage and/or material  
non-adherence to the Group’s risk tolerances; and (iii) misconduct.  
A three-year time limit applies.

The Committee has discretion to reduce any LTIP award in certain 
circumstances, including (but not limited to): (i) there are issues regarding 
the Group’s underlying financial strength and position; (ii) there is an  
actual or potential regulatory censure; (iii) the Group is in material breach 
of its risk policies (including conduct risk) and/or its values/ethics;  
and (iv) there is a material diminution in the regard by which the Group is 
held by its customer base through mismanagement. 

Additional targeted incentive

The Committee may decide, from time to time,  
to incentivise specific executive directors, in 
exceptional circumstances, on either a multi-year  
or single-year basis to achieve specific objectives. 
These arrangements will either be in place of or in 
addition to existing incentive arrangements.

How the element
supports our  
strategic objectives

To incentivise the Group 
Chief Executive to achieve 
specific goals that have 
been set for the period 
2014-2016. 

Group Chief 
Executive’s three-year 
incentive plan 

In addition to the arrangements set out in the 
table above, the following discretionary incentive 
arrangements are in existence for the Group Chief 
Executive and Deputy Group Chief Executive.

Operation of the element

No mandatory deferral provision.

Staged payments:

 Year 1 up to 25% of salary.

 Year 2 up to 50% of salary, less payments made in the previous year.

 Year 3 up to 100% of salary, less payments made in Year 1  
and Year 2 above.

Payments under the plan are subject to clawback in respect of  
mis-statement and misconduct. 

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Maximum potential value and 
payment at threshold

Under the rules of the LTIP, awards of up to 100% of salary can be made.

At on-target performance a target opportunity of 50% of the award applies. 

Threshold business performance would result in vesting of no more than 
20% of the award.

The Group LTIP plan granted in respect of 2014-2016 will continue to vest 
under the previously applicable policy. 

The Group LTIP plan granted in respect of 2015-2017 will continue to vest 
under this policy.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Change from 2015

None

Performance measures 
used, weighting and  
time period applicable

The Group LTIP is subject 
to a range of challenging 
conditions linked to key 
strategic priorities. 

For 2016 awards relating 
to a performance period 
2016-2018, the following 
performance conditions  
will apply: 

 Group EIG PBT  
(excluding fair value 
investment gains/losses)

 Group EIG PBT  
(including fair value 
investment gains/losses)

 Group COR

 Strategic targets and

 Customers and conduct.

There is a 36-month 
performance period from  
the date of grant.

Maximum potential value and  
payment at threshold

Performance measures 
used, weighting and  
time period applicable

Change from 2015

Maximum opportunity of 100% of salary over the 2014-2016 
performance period.

There are three areas of 
performance conditions that 
apply to this award:

None

 50% dependent upon 
financial performance

 25% dependent on 
achievement of measurable, 
non-financial results

 25% dependent upon 
achievement of qualitative 
targets.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

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SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Discretionary bonus arrangements

Deputy Group  
Chief Executive’s 
three-year  
incentive plan 

How the element
supports our  
strategic objectives

To incentivise the Deputy 
Group Chief Executive 
to achieve specific goals 
that have been set for the 
period 12 June 2013 to 
30 June 2016. 

Operation of the element

No mandatory deferral provision.

Staged payments:

 Jun-Dec 2013 up to £25.6k1

 Jan-Dec 2014 up to £51.2k1

 Jan-Dec 2015 up to £51.2k1

 Jan-Jun 2016 up to £25.6k1. 

1 An average 2015 exchange  
  rate of 1.9524 Canadian dollars 
  to 1 GBP has been used.

Notes to the policy table

Performance measures and targets

The Committee selected the performance conditions used for annual bonus and long-term incentives because 
they are central to the Group’s overall strategy and are key metrics used in measuring the performance of the 
Group. The performance conditions are reviewed and set annually by the Committee, following consultation with 
the CRO. 

The Committee is of the opinion that the performance targets are commercially sensitive to the Group and that 
disclosure at the beginning of the financial year would be detrimental to its interests. The targets will therefore 
be disclosed at the end of the relevant financial year in that year’s Remuneration Report provided they are not 
considered commercially sensitive at that time. 

Changes to the Policy from that operating in 2015

The following changes to the Group’s Remuneration Policy will be made in 2016 and are reflected in the Future 
Policy table above. Unless indicated below, the Policy remains unchanged from that implemented in 2015.

  The deferral period for the Group annual bonus will be increased for the financial year 2016 from a period 

of two years to three years, for any bonus earned in excess of 75% of an individual’s maximum bonus 
opportunity, reflecting Solvency II remuneration requirements.

  The Deputy Group Chief Executive’s incentive plan has been extended in duration from two to three years 
with a pro-rata increase in the value attaching to this plan. This change reflects the continuing requirement 
for S. Jacinta Whyte to lead the UK and general insurance transformation programme and to fulfil the role  
of UK Managing Director. 

Remuneration arrangements elsewhere in the Group

The Group’s approach to executive director and wider employee remuneration is based on the common set 
of principles set out in the Group’s Remuneration Policy starting on page 122. However, given the size of 
the Group and the range of its operations, the manner in which these principles are implemented varies with 
seniority and, where appropriate, with the nature of the business transacted by a Group entity.

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Maximum potential value and 
payment at threshold

Maximum opportunity of £153.7k1 for the performance 
period from 12 June 2013 to 30 June 2016.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Change from 2015 

Duration extended 
to three years with 
pro-rata increase in 
the value attaching 
to the plan.

Performance measures 
used, weighting and  
time period applicable 

There are three areas of 
performance conditions  
that apply to this award:

 40% dependent upon 
financial performance

 40% dependent on 
achievement of measurable, 
non-financial results

 20% dependent  
upon achievement of 
qualitative targets.

All employees of the Group are entitled to a salary, benefits, pension and annual bonus. However, remuneration 
for executive directors is more heavily weighted towards variable remuneration, through a higher annual bonus 
opportunity and participation in the three year incentive plan and the Group LTIP. Such variable remuneration 
is conditional on the achievement of performance targets that are linked to the successful delivery of the 
Group Strategy. The greater weighting towards variable remuneration thereby aligns the interests of executive 
directors with those of the shareholders.

Remuneration scenario charts

The remuneration scenario charts below illustrate what each executive director could earn in respect of the 
policy for 2016, under different performance scenarios: 

  Minimum: fixed pay only (being basic salary, pension or cash in lieu of pension and benefits) with no annual 

bonus and no vesting of the LTIP;

  On target: fixed pay (being basic salary, pension or cash in lieu of pension and benefits) with annual bonus 

of 50% of basic salary and 50% vesting of the LTIP;

  Maximum: fixed pay (being basic salary, pension or cash in lieu of pension and benefits) with maximum 

bonus of 100% of basic salary and 100% vesting of the LTIP.

Mark Hews:  
Effect of the application of this policy in financial year 2016

Minimum

On-Target

Maximum

100% Total £459k

54%

37%

23%

23% Total £850k

32%

31% Total £1,240k

Fixed Pay
Annual Variable
LTIP

The Group Chief Executive’s three-year incentive plan is not included in the above illustration as the three- 
year incentive plan is an additional multi-period bonus arrangement granted in a prior year. The amount 
earnable under the Group Chief Executive's three-year incentive plan in 2016 is £107k at target and £213k  
at maximum.
On-Target

Fixed Pay
Annual Variable
LTIP

100% Total £353k

Minimum

23% Total £650k

23%

54%

Maximum

37%

32%

31% Total £948k

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Minimum

On-Target

Maximum

100% Total £329k

55%

38%

23%

22% Total £595k

31%

30% Total £861k

Fixed Pay

Annual Variable

LTIP

 
Minimum
SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

100% Total £459k

On-Target

54%

23%

23% Total £850k

Fixed Pay
Annual Variable
LTIP

Maximum
S. Jacinta Whyte:  
Effect of the application of this policy in financial year 2016

32%

37%

31% Total £1,240k

Minimum

Minimum
On-Target

On-Target
Maximum

Maximum

100% Total £459k

100% Total £353k
54%

23%

23%

54%
37%

37%

23% Total £850k

23% Total £650k
32%

32%

Fixed Pay
Annual Variable
Fixed Pay
LTIP
Annual Variable
LTIP

31% Total £1,240k

31% Total £948k

Minimum

The Deputy Group Chief Executive’s three-year incentive plan is not included in the above illustration as  
the three-year incentive plan is an additional multi-period bonus arrangement granted in a prior year. The 
amount earnable under the Deputy Group Chief Executive's three-year incentive plan in 2016 is £16k at  
target and £33k at maximum.

100% Total £353k

100% Total £329k
54%

23% Total £650k

Minimum
On-Target

23%

Fixed Pay
Annual Variable
Fixed Pay
LTIP
Annual Variable
LTIP

On-Target
Maximum
Ian Campbell:  
Maximum
Effect of the application of this policy in financial year 2016

22% Total £595k
32%

55%
37%

31%

23%

38%

31% Total £948k

30% Total £861k

Minimum

On-Target

Maximum

100% Total £329k

55%

38%

23%

22% Total £595k

31%

30% Total £861k

Fixed Pay
Annual Variable
LTIP

Notes to the charts:

  Fixed pay is base salary for 2016 plus the value of pension and benefits.

  Base salary is the aggregate of the salary applicable at 1 January for January to March 2016 and the salary 

applicable at 1 April 2016 for April to December 2016.

  The value of pension is calculated as described in the future policy table. The value of pensions for the 

Group Chief Executive and the CFO is the sum of pension contributions to the UK Defined Contribution 
scheme and, to the extent applicable in 2016, the pension cash allowance applicable where contributions 
would be above the Annual or Lifetime Allowance.

  The value of benefits in-kind is taken from the single figure table for 2015 which can be found on page 122.

  On-target performance is the level of performance required to deliver an annual bonus of 50% of basic 

salary and 50% vesting of the LTIP.

  Maximum performance is the level of performance required to deliver a maximum annual bonus award and 

100% vesting of the LTIP.

  The Group Chief Executive's and the Deputy Group Chief Executive’s three-year incentive plans are not 
included in the above illustrations as the three-year incentive plans are an additional multi-period bonus  
arrangement granted in a prior year.

Approach to recruitment remuneration

Ecclesiastical is a specialist financial services group competing for talent across a variety of markets and with 
often much larger organisations. 

The Committee’s approach is to pay a fair market value to attract appropriate candidates to the role, taking 
into consideration their individual skills and experience and the ethos of the organisation. Where it is thought 

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necessary to compensate for an individual’s awards from previous employment, the Committee may, as far as 
practicable, seek to match the expected value of such awards through the use of the Group’s existing incentive 
arrangements. Where this is not possible, it may be necessary to offer some form of ‘buy-out’ award, the size of 
which will in the normal course reflect the commercial value of the award foregone (and the vesting timetable 
of the awards foregone) and will also (where possible) be subject to some form of clawback if the individual 
leaves Ecclesiastical within a set timeframe.

Any new executive director’s package would include the same elements and generally be subject to the same 
constraints as existing executive directors.

Element of remuneration  

Maximum percentage of salary

Salary 

Benefits 

Annual bonus 

LTIP 

– 

Dependent upon position

100%

100%

Pension contribution/allowance 

15% UK Defined Contribution Scheme

12% Canadian EIO plc Defined  
Contribution Pension Plan

Service contracts and policy on payment for loss of office

  Standard provision 

Policy 

Details

Notice periods in 
executive directors’ 
service contracts 

Twelve months by the Group or executive 
director for the Group Chief Executive 
and six months by the Group or executive 
director for other executive directors. 

Executive directors may be required to 
work through their notice period, or may 
be paid in lieu of notice if they are not 
required to work the full notice period.

Payment in lieu of notice 

The Group may decide if it wishes to make 
a payment in lieu of notice of an amount 
prescribed under the contract. This is 
salary (and in the case of the Group Chief 
Executive, benefits) for the balance of the 
notice period, excluding bonus and accrued 
holiday entitlement. 

Payable as a lump sum within 14 days of 
termination date but, in the case of the 
Deputy Group Chief Executive and Group 
Chief Financial Officer, it can be paid in 
monthly instalments over the balance of 
the notice period.

Severance payment 
for Deputy Group 
Chief Executive 

The Deputy Group Chief Executive’s pre-
existing contract of employment before 
her appointment to her new role contained 
severance provisions in line with Canadian 
law and practice. The policy of the Group has 
been to honour these commitments insofar 
as they relate to accrued service up to the 
date of her appointment to her new role, but 
not in respect of service after that date. 

The executive’s entitlement arises in the 
case of any termination by the Group for  
‘No Cause’ as defined and represents 
the sum of £445k and the provision of 
dental and health insurance cover and life 
assurance cover for a period of 21 months 
after the termination date of  
her employment.

The sums due may be made in monthly 
instalments to allow for mitigation.

In addition, any sums otherwise due under 
the rules of any bonus or cash incentive plan 
in respect of the bonus year in which the 
termination date falls or in any subsequent 
year are only payable to the extent that they 
would otherwise exceed £131k.

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  Standard provision 

Policy 

Details

Mitigation 

Treatment of annual bonus 
on termination or change of 
control under plan rules

The executive directors’ service contracts 
do not expressly provide for mitigation on 
termination except in the case of the Deputy 
Group Chief Executive’s and Group Chief 
Financial Officer’s contracts which allow for 
payment in instalments over the balance of 
the notice period.  

No payment unless employed on date of 
bonus payment except for ‘good leavers’ 
as defined in the plan rules (e.g. death, ill 
health, redundancy, retirement) and other 
circumstances at the Committee’s discretion. 

If there is a change of control event, then an  
early payment can be calculated and made.

Treatment of long-term 
incentive awards on 
termination or change of 
control under plan rules 

All awards lapse except for ‘good leavers’ 
as defined in the plan rules (e.g. death, ill 
health, redundancy, retirement) and other 
reason at the discretion of the Committee.

If there is a change of control event, then 
an early payment can be calculated as 
stated in the rules of the plan. 

Exercise of discretion 

Intended to be relied upon only in certain 
circumstances as set out in the Future 
Policy table. 

The Committee will take account of the 
circumstances of the termination and the 
director’s performance during the period of 
qualifying service to determine whether the 
exercise of any discretion is appropriate.

Good leavers are entitled to a bonus 
payment subject to the achievement 
of bonus criteria which is pro-rated 
down to reflect their service during the 
performance year unless the Committee 
determines that a higher amount is 
justified. A similar provision would apply 
if there were a change of control event. 
Bonus payments for good leavers are 
subject to deferral, malus and clawback.

For good leavers, vesting is determined 
based on the application of the 
performance conditions and any award 
is then pro-rated down based on the 
proportion of the 36-month performance 
period that the employee has served since 
the grant date unless the Committee 
determines that a higher amount is 
justified. A similar provision would apply if 
there were a change of control event. For 
good leavers grants vest on the original 
anniversary date.

The Committee’s determination will take 
into account the circumstances of the 
executive director’s departure and the 
recent performance of the Group when 
using discretion in relation to short- or 
long-term bonus payments.

Group Chief Executive’s 
three-year incentive plan  

If the Group Chief Executive ceases to be 
employed in this capacity, the award will 
lapse unless he is a ‘good leaver’. 

There is an express provision for clawback  
in respect of mis-statement and misconduct.

If the Group Chief Executive is a good 
leaver, the Committee may decide to 
make an immediate pro-rata payment 
based on the executive’s performance 
up to the termination date.

Deputy Group Chief 
Executive’s three-year 
incentive plan  

If the Deputy Group Chief Executive 
ceases to be employed in this capacity, 
the award will be treated in accordance 
with her contract. 

Other matters 

The Group’s policy is to honour 
commitments made to contractual 
arrangements that may have been entered 
into with an employee prior to them 
becoming a director.

There are no other provisions for termination 
payments or payments for loss of office in 
standard directors’ service contracts.

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

  Standard provision 

Policy 

Details

Non-executive directors

Each NED is appointed for an initial three 
year term, and is subject to re-election by 
shareholders at the first annual general 
meeting (AGM) following their appointment 
and the relevant AGM every three years. 
In addition, the Board has agreed that all 
directors (including NEDs) will be subject  
to annual re-election by shareholders. 
Notwithstanding any mutual expectation, 
there is no right to re-nomination either 
annually or after any three-year period.

Each NED is provided with a letter 
of appointment, which sets out the 
circumstances in which their appointment 
can be terminated.

NEDs are entitled to receive a pro-rata 
proportion of their fees that they have 
accrued to the date of termination, together 
with reimbursement of properly incurred 
expenses prior to that date. 

NEDs’ fees policy

How the element
supports our
strategic objectives

Operation  
of the element

Maximum potential 
value and payment 
at threshold

Performance measures 
used, weighting and 
time period applicable

Current fee levels are 
shown in the section on 
implementation of policy. 

NEDs are not eligible 
to participate in any 
performance-related 
arrangements.

To attract NEDs who have 
a range of experience  
and skills to oversee  
the implementation of  
our Strategy. 

NEDs’ fees, including the 
Committee Chairman’s fees, 
are approved by the Board 
and at a general meeting, 
following recommendation by 
the Chairman and executive 
directors. The Committee 
Chair takes no part in the 
discussion relating to their 
fees. The Chairman’s fees are 
considered and approved by 
the Board in the absence of 
the Chairman.

Fees are paid in 12 equal 
monthly instalments during the 
year. Fees are reviewed every 
two years against those for 
NEDs in companies of a similar 
scale and complexity.

NEDs are not eligible to receive 
benefits and do not participate 
in incentive or pension plans. 

NEDs' travel and 
accommodation costs for 
attendance at Board meetings 
are reimbursed by the Group 
and are classed as a taxable 
benefit when they are in 
respect of travel to their 
permanent workplace.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

121

SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Consideration of employment conditions elsewhere in the Group

When reviewing and setting the policy for executive directors’ remuneration, the Committee takes into account 
the pay and employment conditions of employees elsewhere within the Group. In particular, the level of the pay 
review for UK Ecclesiastical employees is a key consideration in setting the level of any salary increase for 
executive directors.

The Committee is informed about the Group’s approach on salary increases; benefits arrangements including 
pensions and the distribution of remuneration outcomes throughout the wider organisation. When reviewing 
and setting the performance measures for executive directors’ annual bonuses the Committee considers the 
extent to which these should be cascaded to other employees.  The Committee has oversight of the incentive 
arrangements that are in operation for all Group entities and reviews the remuneration arrangements for 
designated senior management below the executive directors.  The Committee uses this information to work 
with the HR function to ensure consistency of approach throughout the Group.

Although the Committee does not consult directly with employees on remuneration policy for executive 
directors, it reviews proposals in the context of the above understanding of the remuneration arrangements  
for the wider employee population. 

Consideration of shareholder views

The Committee, through the Board, consults with the shareholders on any changes to this policy in order to 
understand expectations with regard to executive directors’ remuneration and any changes in shareholders' 
views. Any views expressed by the shareholders are then considered and taken into account at the annual 
review of the Policy. The above Policy reflects the consultation undertaken with the shareholders in 2014 on 
the proposed changes to the Group’s Remuneration Policy and incentive arrangements for executives.

Annual Report on Remuneration

This section of the Directors’ Remuneration Report sets out how the above Remuneration Policy was 
implemented in 2015 and the resulting payments each executive director received. The financial information 
contained in this report has been audited where indicated.

Single total figure of remuneration for executive directors (audited)

The table below shows a single total figure of remuneration received in respect of qualifying services for the 
2015 financial year for each executive director, together with comparative figures for 2014, where applicable. 
Aggregate executive directors’ emoluments are shown on page 128. Details of NEDs’ fees are set out in a 
separate table on page 127.

Executive  
directors

Mark Hews4 

S. Jacinta Whyte5 

Ian Campbell 

Total 

Fixed Pay 
(£000) 

Variable Pay 
(£000) 

Pension 
(£000) 

Total  
Remuneration 
(£000)

  Salary 

Benefits1 

Annual bonus 

LTIP2 

Pension benefit 

Total

  2015  2014  2015  2014  20153  2014  2015 

2014  2015  2014  2015  2014

  381 

363 

15 

15 

338 

287 

306 

191 

49 

51 

1,089  907

  294 

276 

18 

17 

239 

151 

90 

76 

35 

33 

676 

553

  259 

250 

26 

33 

2356 

161 

0 

0 

38 

34 

558 

478

  934 

889 

59 

65 

812 

599 

396 

267 

122 

118  2,323  1,938

1   Benefits include items such as a car allowance and private medical insurance which are valued at their taxable value. It also includes travel and 

accommodation benefits, valued at their grossed up tax and NI value. Provision of benefits during 2015 was in line with the previous year and the 
directors’ remuneration policy, and no exceptional benefits were paid.

122

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

2  LTIP represents the amount payable in respect of the three-year LTIP performance period 2013-2015 for 2015 and 2012-2014 for 2014, 

together with the amounts payable in respect of the Group Chief Executive’s three-year incentive plan (2015: £98k; 2014: £85k) and the Deputy 
Group Chief Executive’s 3-year incentive plan (2015: £44k; 2014: £51k). All executive directors hold unvested LTIP awards in accordance with the 
rules of the LTIP plan.

3   In line with the deferral policy introduced in 2015, annual bonus earned in excess of 75% of the maximum bonus opportunity is deferred over a 

period of two years. In 2015 the value of executive directors’ annual bonuses that were deferred is: £48k (Group Chief Executive); £18k (Deputy 
Group Chief Executive) and £7k (CFO).

4   Mark Hews received a cash allowance in lieu of pension during 2015, in line with company policy that a cash allowance of 15% of salary (net of 

NI contributions) is paid to UK-based executive directors where continued company contributions would result in a breach of the HMRC annual and or 
lifetime allowance. 

5   Contributions to the Canadian pension plan that are above the Canadian government maximum contribution limit are paid into a SERP. These 

contributions for S. Jacinta Whyte are included in the figures shown. An average 2015 exchange rate of 1.9524 Canadian dollars to 1 GBP have 
been used in respect of both 2015 and 2014. 

6  Ian Campbell received a discretionary award of £32k in respect of his contribution to financial and strategic deliverables over the period to 2015, 

notably his contribution towards the successful run-off of the former New Zealand subsidiary.

Mark Hews is also a NED for MAPFRE RE and was appointed to their Board in December 2013. The fee of 
£17k that Mark earns in respect of this role is paid directly to the Group by MAPFRE RE and is not received 
by Mark Hews. 

Additional requirements in respect  
of the single total figure table

Annual bonus outcomes for 2015 (audited)

The annual bonuses payable to executive directors in respect of 2015 are assessed taking into account both 
Group and individual performance. 

Individual performance is subject to delivery of personal performance objectives and performance in line with 
the Group’s behavioural competency framework for strategic leaders. A personal performance percentage 
of between 0% and 75% may be awarded in respect of this element of the annual bonus. The personal 
performance percentage is reviewed and agreed by the Committee.

Group performance is subject to the four performance conditions which together form the Group performance 
multiplier. For 2015, these were Group EIG PBT (including fair value investment gains and losses) (30%); 
Group COR (40%); delivery of Group strategic initiatives in line with the Group’s strategic plan (15%); Customer 
and Conduct performance (15%). Results in respect of each performance condition are assessed against the 
required performance levels set at threshold, target and maximum, in order to calculate the aggregate Group 
performance multiplier as shown in the second table below. 

The overall bonus outturn for each executive director is the product of personal performance percentage and 
the aggregate Group performance multiplier. The maximum opportunity under the annual bonus plan is 100% 
of salary.

The targets relating to the Group annual bonus for the financial year 2015 were:

Threshold 

(0.5x) 

Target 

(1.0x) 

Maximum 

Weighting

(1.5x) 

Performance 
conditions

Group EIG PBT  

£21.0m 

£55.8m 

£79.9m 

Group COR 

99.0% 

93.9% 

92.0% 

Strategic Targets 

Customer and Conduct 

50% 

80% 

75% 

90% 

100% 

100% 

30%

40%

15%

15%

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

123

 
 
SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

The results relating to the Group annual bonus for the financial year 2015, and the resultant aggregate Group 
performance multiplier, are shown below. 

Performance 
conditions

Result 

Multiplier 

Weighting 

multiplier

Weighted

Group EIG PBT 

Group COR 

Strategic Targets 

Customer and Conduct 

£56.4m 

92.0% 

83% 

94% 

1.0 

1.5 

1.2 

1.2 

Aggregate Group performance multiplier 

30% 

40% 

15% 

15% 

0.3

0.6

0.2

0.2

1.25

Bonuses are earned in respect of the financial year and are paid in March following the end of the financial 
year. Any proportion of a bonus outcome above 75% of the maximum bonus outcome is deferred over two 
years, in cash. All annual bonus outcomes are subject to malus and clawback as set out in the Future Policy 
table starting on page 112.

LTIP outcomes in 2015 (audited)

The LTIP amount included in the single total figure of remuneration is the cash award resulting from the Group 
LTIP grant in 2013 for the period 2013-2015. Vesting was dependent on performance over the three financial 
years ending on 31 December 2015 and continued service until March 2016. 

The 2013-2015 Group LTIP is subject to the two performance conditions: Group PBT (50%) and Group COR 
(50%). Results in respect of each performance condition are assessed against the required performance levels 
set at threshold, target and maximum as shown below.

Threshold 
20% vesting 

Target 

Maximum 

50% vesting  100% vesting  Actual 

Vesting
(% of 
maximum for
performance
condition)

Performance 
conditions

Group COR 

100.0% 

98.0% 

95.0% 

97.6% 

56.2%

Group PBT 

£100m 

£140m 

£200m 

£169m 

73.9%

Total 

65.0%

The Group LTIP outcome that vests in respect of each executive director in respect of 2013-2015 is shown below. 

LTIP grant  

% of salary 

Total LTIP vesting

£000 

% of maximum

Mark Hews1 

30% / 100% 

S. Jacinta Whyte² 

30% 

208 

45 

65%

65%

1   Mark Hews LTIP entitlement increased from 30% to 100% of salary on appointment as Group Chief Executive on 1 May 2013. 
The 2013-2015 LTIP that vests is the sum of the pro-rated award in relation to the January-April 2013 period under the LTIP 
grant at 30% and the pro-rated award in relation to the May 2013-December 2015 period under the LTIP grant at 100%.

2  An average 2015 exchange rate of 1.9524 Canadian dollars to 1 GBP has been used in respect of 2015. 

Scheme interests awarded during 2015 (audited)

During 2015, awards over a cash sum were granted under the 2015-2017 Group LTIP to each executive 
director as set out below. These awards will vest, and the cash sum will be transferred to the award holder, in 
March 2018, to the extent that the applicable performance targets are met. The vesting date for these awards 
is the date the Group’s 2017 results are announced, in March 2018.

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ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Maximum
cash sum
subject
to the
Award 
(% base 
salary)

Award 
Date

Face 
value of 
award 
at grant 
£000s

Cash award 
if threshold 
performance 
achieved
(% base salary)

End of the  
period over 
which the 
performance 
targets have  
to be fulfilled

Executive  
directors

2015-2017 Group LTIP 

Mark Hews 

  2015 

2017 

  17 June   100% 

368 

20% 

31 December 

S. Jacinta Whyte1 

  2015 

2017 

  17 June  100% 

280  

20% 

31 December

Ian Campbell

  2015 

2017 

  17 June  100% 

250 

20% 

31 December  

Performance 
measures2

 Group EIG PBT (excluding 
fair value investment gains 
/losses) (20%)

 Group EIG PBT (including 
fair value investment gains 
/losses) (20%)

 Group COR (20%)

 Strategic targets (20%)

 Customers and conduct. 
(20%)

¹  An average 2015 exchange rate of 1.9524 Canadian dollars to 1 GBP has been used.

²  Vesting occurs on a straight line basis between pre-determined milestones set in relation to threshold, target and maximum performance. 
These will be disclosed on a retrospective basis in the Directors' Remuneration Report for the year for which the Group LTIP awards vest.

Percentage change in remuneration of Group Chief Executive

The table below shows the percentage year-on-year change in salary, benefits and annual bonus (from 2014 to 
2015) for the Group Chief Executive compared with UK-based employees1. The Committee has selected this 
comparator group as being the most appropriate because the composition and structure of remuneration for 
this group most closely reflects that of the Group Chief Executive.

Group Chief Executive 

Average UK-based employees ¹

% change 

% change

Salary 

Taxable benefits² 

Annual bonus  

5.0% 

5.7% 

17.5%3 

4.4%

5.7%

(5.5)%

¹  UK-based employees of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc; excluding employees in SEIB. 

²  Based on contractual P11D taxable benefits for the tax year ending 5 April in the relevant year.

3  As set out in the Directors' Remuneration Report for 2014, a revised Group annual bonus arrangement  
was introduced for executive directors in 2015. The Group annual bonus award in 2014 was made  
under the previous scheme. 

Relative importance of spend on pay

The table below sets out for 2015 and 2014, the actual expenditure on employee remuneration; grants paid to 
ATL and dividends paid to Preference shareholders. PBT in each year is provided for context.

Remuneration paid to all Group employees 

62,706 

62,660 

0.1%

Gross charitable grants to the ultimate parent company, Allchurches Trust Limited 

20,000 

23,500 

(14.9)%

Non-Cumulative Irredeemable Preference share dividend 

9,181 

9,181 

Nil

PBT 

53,605 

48,154 

11.3%

2015 
£000 

2014 
£000 

% change

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

125

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Group Chief Executive pay for performance comparison 

As Ecclesiastical does not have equity shares traded on a regulated market, total equity shareholders’ 
funds growth over time as reported each year (plus the grant to ATL) has been used in the performance 
graph compared with the FTSE 100. Total equity excludes Preference shareholders’ capital since this is not 
attributable to ATL.

Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc 7-year to 2015 
TSR performance against the FTSE 100

l

i

g
n
d
o
h
0
0
1
£

l

a
c
i
t
e
h
t
o
p
y
h
f
o
e
u
a
V

l

200

150

100

50

0

FTSE 100 Total Return

Ecclesiastical Total Shareholder Return

Dec
2008

Dec
2009

Dec
2010

Dec
2011

Dec
2012

Dec
2013

Dec
2014

Dec
2015

The table below shows the single figure of total remuneration for the incumbent and prior Group Chief 
Executive for the seven years to 31 December 2015.

Financial year  

Total remuneration 

(single figure) £000 

Annual bonus received 

(% of maximum) 

Long-term incentive 

vesting (% of maximum) 

Group Chief
Executive1 

Mark Hews 

Michael Tripp 

Mark Hews 

Michael Tripp 

Mark Hews 

Michael Tripp3 

Financial year ending 31 December

2009 

2010 

2011 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015

N/A 

516 

N/A 

88% 

N/A 

27% 

N/A 

430 

N/A 

23% 

N/A 

27% 

N/A 

416 

N/A 

0% 

N/A 

34% 

N/A 

390 

N/A 

0% 

N/A 

0% 

569 

330 

45% 

N/A² 

4% 

4% 

907 

162 

78% 

N/A 

60% 

47% 

1,089

N/A

88%

N/A

70%

N/A

1   Michael Tripp resigned from the Board on 21 May 2013 and Mark Hews was appointed Group Chief Executive on 1 May 2013, having previously 
held the position of Group Chief Financial Officer. The total remuneration single figure value for both Michael Tripp and Mark Hews is shown for 2013.

²  Michael Tripp received no payment under the annual bonus or the executive director’s LTIP for performance in 2013. He did, however, receive a 

payment (£100k) under the terms of a discretionary arrangement put in place to incentivise the delivery of a smooth transition of the management  
to the successor in the role of Group Chief Executive. The maximum opportunity was capped at three months' salary. 

³ Michael Tripp received a 2013 LTIP payment in respect of performance in the years 2011 and 2012 (only) under the 2011-2013 LTIP. He received  

a 2014 LTIP payment in respect of performance in 2012 (only) under the 2012-2014 LTIP.

Statement of directors’ shareholdings and share interests

Directors’ shareholdings and share interests are set out in the Directors' Report on page 83.

126

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Directors’ service agreements

All directors are proposed for re-election at the next general meeting (excluding Will Samuel and David Christie 
as they will resign as directors on 16 March 2016).

Mark Hews has a service contract which provides for a notice period of twelve months by the Company.   
S. Jacinta Whyte and Ian Campbell have service contracts which provide for a notice period of six months by the 
Company. No non-executive director has a service contract. 

Payments for loss of office (audited)

No termination payments were made to executive directors in 2015. 

Early vesting of LTIP award

There is no early vesting of the executive directors’ LTIP. For good leavers, grants vest on the original anniversary 
date. Any payment is then pro-rated to reflect employment during the 36-month performance period. 

Payments to past directors (audited)

No payments were made to past directors. 

Single total figure of remuneration for NEDs (audited)

NEDs do not participate in any of the Group’s incentive arrangements nor do they receive any benefits. NEDs' 
travel and accommodation costs for attendance at Board meetings are reimbursed by the Group and are 
classed as a taxable benefit when they are in respect of travel to their permanent workplace.

NED fees were reviewed in December 2015 with increased fees becoming effective from 1 January 2016. We 
believe that it is appropriate to reflect the level of fees paid by organisations of similar size and complexity and 
that this will enable us to attract NEDs of the calibre we require to help us to implement our future strategy.

The increases (set out below) reflect the continuing increases in workloads in recent years and are designed to 
bring fees in line with those paid at similar-sized companies, ensuring that the Group will continue to be able to 
attract NEDs with the range of experience and skills to oversee the implementation of our Strategy.

Non-executive 
directors

Will Samuel1 

David Christie 

John Hylands 

Anthony Latham 

Denise Wilson 

The Venerable Christine Wilson 2 

Tim Carroll 

Caroline Taylor3 

Total 

Fees (£000) 

Fees (£000) 

2015 

2014

68 

60 

55 

55 

53 

45 

53 

45 

68

60

55

55

53

45

53

16

434 

405

¹  The Chairman has waived £27k of his 2015 fee, which was increased to £95k from 1 January 2014.

2  The Venerable Christine Wilson’s fees are paid directly to charity at her request.

3  Caroline Taylor was appointed to the Board on 8 September 2014.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

127

 
 
SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Total aggregate emoluments of directors

The total aggregate remuneration of the directors in respect of qualifying services during 2015 was £2,257k 
(2014: £1,958k).

After inclusion of amounts receivable under long-term incentive schemes and pension benefits, the total 
aggregate emoluments of the directors was £2,775k (2014: £2,382k).

The 2014 figures have been adjusted to reflect changes made to prior year figures as mentioned in the single 
figure table on page 122. 

EdenTree 

During 2015, EdenTree applied to the FCA for a Variation of Permission to remove its permission to hold client 
assets and limit the client money permission to its non-MiFID business. As a result of the approval by the FCA 
of the Variation of Permission on 7 October 2015, EdenTree was re-categorised as a limited licence investment 
management firm under BIPRU, at proportionality level 3 for reporting purposes. EdenTree has been subject to  
the FCA Remuneration Code since 1 January 2011. EdenTree operates a remuneration policy which is compliant  
with the Remuneration Code, details of which can be found in the EdenTree Pillar 3 statement on EdenTree’s 
website (www.edentreeim.com). 

Statement of implementation of Remuneration Policy in 2016

The implementation of the remuneration policy will be consistent with that outlined in the Directors’ 
Remuneration Policy above. Details of how this policy will apply in 2016 are set out below. 

Salary (executive directors)

Executive directors’ salaries are reviewed annually in line with the Directors’ Remuneration Policy. The following 
salaries will apply from 1 April 2016.

Executive  
directors

Salary 

(£000) 

Salary 
(£000) 

 Percentage

1 April 2016 

1 April 2015 

increase

Mark Hews 

S. Jacinta Whyte1 

Ian Campbell 

396 

301 

269 

386 

294 

263 

2.5%

2.5%

2.5%

1   An average 2015 exchange rate of 1.9524 Canadian dollars to 1 GBP has been used.

These increases are consistent with the average increases awarded across the broader employee population. 

Annual bonus for 2016

The annual bonus performance conditions and targets will be set in accordance with the Directors’ 
Remuneration Policy above, on the same basis as 2015.

As in 2015, the annual bonuses payable to executive directors in respect of 2016 will be assessed based on 
both Group and individual performance. Individual performance is subject to delivery of personal performance 
objectives and performance in line with the Group’s behavioural competency framework for strategic leaders. 
Group performance is subject to the four performance conditions which together form the Group performance 
multiplier. For 2016, these will continue to be Group EIG PBT (including fair value investment gains and 
losses) (30%); Group COR (40%); delivery of Group strategic initiatives in line with the Group’s strategic plan 
(15%); and Customer and Conduct performance (15%). The overall bonus outturn for each executive director 

128

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

 
 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

is the product of personal performance percentage and the aggregate Group performance multiplier. The 
maximum opportunity under the annual bonus plan in 2016 is unchanged at 100% of salary.

Annual bonuses in respect of 2016 will be subject to deferral over a period of three (2014: two) years of 
any bonus earned in excess of 75% of an executive director’s maximum bonus opportunity. 

LTIP for 2016-2018

The 2016-2018 LTIP performance conditions and targets will be set in accordance with the Directors’ 
Remuneration Policy above, on the same basis as the 2015-2017 LTIP.

The 2016-2018 Group LTIP will be subject to the following performance conditions (which are unchanged 
from 2015): Group EIG PBT (excluding fair value investment gains and losses) (20%); Group EIG PBT 
(including fair value investment gains and losses) (20%); Group COR (20%); delivery of Group strategic 
initiatives in line with the Group’s strategic plan (20%); and Customer and Conduct performance (20%). 
Awards under the 2016-2018 Group LTIP will be up to 100% of salary (unchanged from 2015). 

Discretionary bonus arrangements

The Group Chief Executive’s three-year incentive plan and the Deputy Group Chief Executive’s three-year 
incentive plan will continue to operate during 2016, as set out on pages 114 to 117. 

Fees (non-executive directors)

Non-executive directors’ fees are reviewed every two years and were reviewed during 2015. The following fees 
will apply from 1 January 2016. The increases shown reflect the increased workloads in recent years and are 
designed to bring fees in line with those paid at similar-sized companies. 

All-inclusive fee for the Group Chairman 

All-inclusive fee for the Deputy Chairman / SID 

Basic Fee for a non-executive director (including Committee Membership) 

Fee for chairing the Group Finance and Investment Committee 

Fee for chairing the Group Nominations Committee 

Fee for chairing the Group Audit Committee 

Fee for chairing the Group Remuneration Committee 

Fee for chairing the Group Risk Committee

Fees (£000)

125

65

50

8

8

10

10

10

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

129

 
SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Independent  
Auditor’s Report 

To the Members of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc

Opinion  
on financial  
statements of 
Ecclesiastical 
Insurance  
Office plc

Going concern 
and the directors’ 
assessment of the 
principal risks that 
would threaten the 
solvency or liquidity 
of the Group

In our opinion:

  the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s  

and of the Parent company’s affairs as at 31 December 2015 and of the Group’s 
profit for the year then ended;

  the Group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with 

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by  
the European Union;

  the Parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in 

accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union and as applied  
in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and

  the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the 

requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and, as regards the Group  
financial statements, Article 4 of the International Accounting Standards  
(“IAS”) Regulation.

The financial statements comprise Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss, the 
Consolidated and Parent Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated 
and Parent Statement of Changes in Equity, the Consolidated and Parent Statement 
of Financial Position and the Consolidated and Parent Statement of Cash Flows and 
the related notes 1 to 35. The financial reporting framework that has been applied 
in their preparation is applicable law and IFRSs as adopted by the European Union 
and, as regards the Parent company financial statements, as applied in accordance 
with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.

We have nothing material to add or draw attention to in relation to:

  the directors' confirmation on page 84 that they have carried out a robust 
assessment of the principal risks facing the Group, including those that  
would threaten its business model, future performance, solvency or liquidity;

  the disclosures on pages 51 to 58 that describe those risks and explain  

how they are being managed or mitigated;

  the directors’ statement in note 1 to the financial statements about whether 

they considered it appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of accounting 
in preparing them and their identification of any material uncertainties to the 
Group’s ability to continue to do so over a period of at least twelve months  
from the date of approval of the financial statements;

  director's explanation on page 58 as to how they have assessed the prospects 
of the Group, over what period they have done so and why they consider that 
period to be appropriate, and their statement as to whether they have a reasonable 
expectation that the Group will be able to continue in operation and meet its 
liabilities as they fall due over the period of their assessment, including any related 
disclosures drawing attention to any necessary qualifications or assumptions.

130

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT

Independence

We agreed with the directors’ adoption of the going concern basis of accounting and 
we did not identify any such material uncertainties. However, because not all future 
events or conditions can be predicted, this statement is not a guarantee as to the 
Group’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Our assessment 
of risks of material 
misstatement

We are required to comply with the Financial Reporting Council’s Ethical Standards 
for Auditors and we confirm that we are independent of the Group and we have 
fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with those standards. We also 
confirm we have not provided any of the prohibited non-audit services referred to in 
those standards.
The assessed risks of material misstatement described below are those that had 
the greatest effect on our audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit and 
directing the efforts of the engagement team.

Risk 

How the scope of our audit 
responded to the risk

General Insurance Technical Reserves

The assessment of the calculation of the general insurance 
technical reserves requires management to make significant 
judgements about the quantum of the reported losses and the 
estimated incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) losses based 
on past experience and current expectations of future cost 
levels. Gross provisions for outstanding claims total £552m 
(2014: £564m), with IBNR a portion of this, as set out in note 
28 to the financial statements. The more judgemental areas 
of reserving are considered higher risk, being the liability 
claims reserves and in particular the ‘PSA’ reserves, referred 
to by the Group Audit Committee in their report on page 100.

Carrying Value of Goodwill

The assessment of impairment of goodwill is a judgemental 
process which requires estimates concerning the estimated 
future cash flows and associated discount rates and 
growth rates based on management’s view of future 
business prospects. The Group’s intangible assets include 
£24m (2014: £24m) of goodwill relating to acquisitions; 
material goodwill is held in respect of the brokers SEIB and 
Lansdown, as set out in note 17 to the financial statements.

We challenged the key judgements within the calculation 
of the general insurance reserves by working with our 
general insurance actuarial specialists to specifically assess 
the movements in prior year reserves, material changes in 
methodology and assumptions and the impact of claims 
experience in the year. Key assumptions and methodologies 
were benchmarked using our industry knowledge and specific 
peer benchmarking. Particular areas of focus were PSA, 
asbestos, employers’ and public liability and UK flooding  
IBNR, as the most judgemental reserves.

We also evaluated the design and implementation of key 
controls around reserving, including, with the input of our IT 
audit specialists, the IT controls, and the completeness and 
accuracy of the underlying data used in the reserving.

We challenged management’s key assumptions used in the 
impairment model for goodwill, relating to estimated future 
cash flows, growth rates and the discount rate applied. Our 
valuation experts calculated independently a discount rate 
range which we would consider appropriate and we compared 
this to management’s selected rate.

We also compared the cash flows used in the value in use 
calculation to the most recent signed off business plans and 
challenged the appropriateness of growth rates applied into 
the future. Furthermore, we tested the mathematical accuracy 
of management’s calculations and developed a sensitivity 
analysis, having evaluated the design and implementation of 
controls around the impairment review process.

Life Insurance Reserves

The assessment of the calculation of the life insurance 
reserves requires management to make significant 
judgements about bond yields, discount rates, credit 
risk, mortality rates and current expectations of future 
expense levels. Although closed for new business, the 
Group’s maintains reserves for existing business of £85m 
(2014: £94m), as set out in note 28 to the financial 
statements. 

We evaluated the key judgements underpinning the calculation 
of the life insurance reserves by working with our internal 
life actuarial specialists to benchmark the key assumptions 
to those used in the market and against the company’s 
experience. We also evaluated the design and implementation 
of key controls around the life reserving and the completeness 
and accuracy of underlying data used in the reserving, 
including whether key assumptions were used appropriately  
in the model.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

131

   
 
SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Risk 

How the scope of our audit 
responded to the risk

Assumptions Underpinning the Calculation and 
Recognition of Retirement Benefit Obligations and 
recognition of surpluses

The determination of the value of the surpluses and deficits 
relating to the Group’s defined benefit pension schemes and 
liability relating to post-employment medical benefits requires 
significant judgement in the selection of key assumptions 
and is highly sensitive to such assumptions. Management 
makes significant judgements in respect of mortality, medical 
expense inflation, discount rates and inflation rate. The 
Group recognises a total of £11m (2014: £21m) for pension 
schemes in surplus and a deficit of £240k (2014: £250k) for 
one scheme; the post-employment medical benefits scheme 
has a liability of £9m (2014: £13m), as set out in note 19 to 
the financial statements, along with the key assumptions and 
a sensitivity analysis. 

We evaluated the appropriateness of the assumptions used 
in deriving the defined benefit pension and post-retirements 
medical benefits balances by working with our internal 
pension actuarial experts to benchmark the assumptions 
in respect of the discount rate, inflation rate and mortality 
assumptions to those observed in the market.

We evaluated the design and implementation of key controls 
around DB pension scheme balances and the completeness 
and accuracy of underlying data used in the calculation of 
the retirement benefit obligations. Furthermore, we assessed 
management’s ownership and valuation of pension scheme 
assets, held at fair value, by comparison to observable market 
prices and custodian statements. Finally, we evaluated 
the accessibility of the surplus on the main scheme with 
reference to the latest interpretations of the applicable 
accounting standards and advice received by management 
from external parties.

Revenue Recognition

We have identified earning patterns applied to gross 
written premiums (“GWP”) and the risk of data from policy 
administration systems not being reflected appropriately as 
our revenue risks for general insurance business and we have 
identified the calculation of management fees as the revenue 
risk for investment management business. GWP totalled 
£308m (2014: £329m) for the year, EdenTree Investment 
Management’s management fee income totalled £10m 
(2014: £10m). 

We have tested the design and implementation and operating 
effectiveness of the key controls over revenue recognition 
and underwriting. We focussed our work on the automated 
controls and interfaces between the underlying policy 
administration systems and the general ledger. Furthermore, 
we performed tests of details on the gross and unearned 
premium balances, agreeing a sample to policy documents 
and cash receipts where appropriate. We also performed 
substantive analytical procedures on the writing patterns and 
unearned premium percentage. Our IT audit specialists were 
involved in the testing of systems and controls and also in 
performing data analytics on the premiums population to  
enable selection of a risk-weighted sample for detailed testing.

EdenTree management fee income was tested by 
recalculation and we performed analytical procedures, 
focussing on fees earned compared to funds under 
management, throughout the year.

The description of risks above should be read in conjunction with the significant issues considered by the Audit Committee 
discussed on page 100 and 101. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, 
and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

Our application  
of materiality

We define materiality as the magnitude of misstatement in the financial statements 
that makes it probable that the economic decisions of a reasonably knowledgeable 
person would be changed or influenced. We use materiality both in planning the 
scope of our audit work and in evaluating the results of our work.

We determined materiality for the Group to be £5.0m (2014: £3.1m), which is 1% 
of total shareholders’ equity (2014: 1%) and 1.6% (2014: 1%) of gross written 
premiums. We have used total shareholders’ equity as a base for our materiality, 
which is a change from 2014, where we used gross written premium as our base. 
We have used 1% of total shareholders’ equity in determining an appropriate 
materiality in line with size and risk profile of the Group. We have changed the basis 
as the main focus of the Group is long-term value generation; the strategic focus of 
the Group has shifted in recent years away from targeting GWP growth and towards 
the ambition to deliver longer-term value and support charitable giving. This ensures 
our judgement on materiality remains in line with the focus and risk profile of the Group.

We agreed with the Group Audit Committee that we would report to the Committee all 
audit differences in excess of £96k (2014: £62k) for the Group, as well as differences 
below that threshold that, in our view, warranted reporting on qualitative grounds. We 
also report to the Audit Committee on disclosure matters that we identified when 
assessing the overall presentation of the financial statements and smaller differences 
relating to small subsidiaries, in the context of their entity materialities.

132

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

   
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT

An overview of the 
scope of our audit

Our Group audit was scoped by obtaining an understanding of the Group and its 
environment, including Group-wide controls, and assessing the risks of material 
misstatement at the Group level. Based on that assessment, we focused our Group  
audit scope primarily on the audit work for the insurance businesses in the UK, 
Ireland, Australia and Canada. All non-dormant subsidiaries, consolidated in the 
financial statements, were subject to a full scope statutory audit, executed at levels 
of materiality applicable to each individual entity, in the range £0.1k to £4.3m. 

The Group audit team continued to follow a programme of planned visits that has 
been designed so that a senior member of the Group audit team visits each of 
the locations where the Group audit scope was focused at least once every three 
years. We include the component audit teams in our team briefings, discuss their 
risk assessments, and review documentation of the findings from their work. This 
year, the Group Audit Senior Manager visited the Canadian Branch of EIO plc, as 
well as usual visits to UK-based components.

At the Parent entity level we also tested the consolidation process and carried out 
analytical procedures to confirm our conclusion that there were no significant risks 
of material misstatement of the aggregated financial information of the remaining 
components not subject to audit or audit of specified account balances.

Opinion on other 
matter prescribed  
by the Companies  
Act 2006

In our opinion, the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors’ 
Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is 
consistent with the financial statements.

Directors’ remuneration 

Other matters 

In our opinion the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited has 
been properly prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 
2006 that would have applied were the company a quoted company.

Corporate Governance Statement 

Although not required to do so, the Directors have voluntarily chosen to make 
a corporate governance statement detailing the extent of their compliance with 
the UK Corporate Governance Code. We reviewed the part of the Corporate 
Governance Statement relating to the company’s compliance with certain 
provisions of the UK Corporate Governance Code. We have nothing to report 
arising from our review.

Matters on which  
we are required to 
report by exception

Adequacy of explanations received and accounting records 

Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report to you if, in our opinion:

  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our 

audit; or

  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Parent company, 

or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not 
visited by us; or

  the Parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the 

accounting records and returns.

We have nothing to report in respect of these matters.

Directors’ remuneration 

Under the Companies Act 2006 we are also required to report if, in our opinion, 
certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration have not been made. We have 
nothing to report arising from this matter.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

133

SECTION THREE – GOVERNANCE

Respective 
responsibilities  
of directors  
and auditor

Scope of the  
audit of the financial 
statements 

Our duty to read other information in the Annual Report 

Under International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland), we are required to 
report to you if, in our opinion, information in the annual report is:

  materially inconsistent with the information in the audited financial statements; 

or

  apparently materially incorrect based on, or materially inconsistent with, our 
knowledge of the Group acquired in the course of performing our audit; or

  otherwise misleading.

In particular, we are required to consider whether we have identified any 
inconsistencies between our knowledge acquired during the audit and the 
directors’ statement that they consider the annual report is fair, balanced and 
understandable and whether the annual report appropriately discloses those 
matters that we communicated to the audit committee which we consider 
should have been disclosed. We confirm that we have not identified any such 
inconsistencies or misleading statements.

As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities Statement, the directors 
are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being 
satisfied that they give a true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and 
express an opinion on the financial statements in accordance with applicable 
law and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). We also comply 
with International Standard on Quality Control 1 (UK and Ireland). Our audit 
methodology and tools aim to ensure that our quality control procedures are 
effective, understood and applied. Our quality controls and systems include our 
dedicated professional standards review team and independent partner reviews.

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance 
with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been 
undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we 
are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and/or those further matters we 
have expressly agreed to report to them on in our engagement letter and for no 
other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume 
responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a 
body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the 
financial statements sufficient to give reasonable assurance that the financial 
statements are free from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. 
This includes an assessment of: whether the accounting policies are appropriate to 
the Group’s and the Parent company’s circumstances and have been consistently 
applied and adequately disclosed; the reasonableness of significant accounting 
estimates made by the directors; and the overall presentation of the financial 
statements. In addition, we read all the financial and non-financial information in 
the annual report to identify material inconsistencies with the audited financial 
statements and to identify any information that is apparently materially incorrect 
based on, or materially inconsistent with, the knowledge acquired by us in the 
course of performing the audit. If we become aware of any apparent material 
misstatements or inconsistencies we consider the implications for our report.

Paul Stephenson BA FCA (Senior statutory auditor) 
for and on behalf of Deloitte LLP 
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditor 
London, United Kingdom

16 March 2016

134

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

SECTION FOUR – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss 

Consolidated and Parent Statement of 
Comprehensive Income 

136

137

Consolidated and Parent Statement of Changes in Equity 

138

Consolidated and Parent Statement of Financial Position 

139

Consolidated and Parent Statement of Cash Flows 

Notes to the Financial Statements 

140

141

r
o
t
c
o
r
P
r
a
k
s
O
y
b

h
p
a
r
g
o
t
o
h
P

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015
ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

135
135

 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS
for the year ended 31 December 2015

Revenue
Gross written premiums
Outward reinsurance premiums
Net change in provision for unearned premiums
Net earned premiums

Fee and commission income 
Net investment return
Total revenue

Expenses
Claims and change in insurance liabilities
Reinsurance recoveries
Fees, commissions and other acquisition costs
Other operating and administrative expenses
Total operating expenses

Operating profit
Finance costs
Profit before tax
Tax expense
Profit for the year (attributable to equity holders of the Parent)

Notes

5, 6
6
6

7

8
8
9

5
13
10

2015
£000

2014
£000

308,199
(113,115)
4,677
199,761

53,009
43,228
295,998

(163,916)
66,925
(61,202)
(84,099)
(242,292)

53,706
(101)
53,605
(6,988)
46,617

328,797
(135,132)
31,178
224,843

62,258
46,197
333,298

(197,170)
62,306
(70,813)
(79,381)
(285,058)

48,240
(86)
48,154
(7,837)
40,317

136

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

CONSOLIDATED AND PARENT STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
for the year ended 31 December 2015

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive income
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss:
Fair value gains on property
Actuarial losses on retirement benefit plans
Attributable tax

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Losses on currency translation differences
Net other comprehensive income

Total comprehensive income attributable to equity holders of 
the Parent 

2015

Group
£000

Parent
£000

2014

Group
£000

46,617

42,759

40,317

30
(5,809)
1,061
(4,718)

(6,461)
(11,179)

30
(5,809)
1,061
(4,718)

(3,913)
(8,631)

30
(13,184)
2,647
(10,507)

(1,697)
(12,204)

Parent
£000

31,359

30
(13,184)
2,647
(10,507)

(405)
(10,912)

35,438

34,128

28,113

20,447

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

137

CONSOLIDATED AND PARENT STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
for the year ended 31 December 2015

Group

At 1 January 2015
Profit for the year
Other net income/(expense)
Total comprehensive income
Dividends
Gross charitable grant 
Tax relief on charitable grant
Group tax relief in excess 
of standard rate 
Reserve transfers
At 31 December 2015

At 1 January 2014
Profit for the year
Other net income/(expense)
Total comprehensive income
Dividends
Gross charitable grant 
Tax relief on charitable grant
Group tax relief in excess 
of standard rate 
Reserve transfers
At 31 December 2014

Parent

At 1 January 2015
Profit for the year
Other net income/(expense)
Total comprehensive income
Dividends
Gross charitable grant 
Tax relief on charitable grant
Group tax relief in excess 
of standard rate 
Reserve transfers
At 31 December 2015

At 1 January 2014
Profit for the year
Other net income/(expense)
Total comprehensive income
Dividends
Gross charitable grant 
Tax relief on charitable grant
Group tax relief in excess 
of standard rate 
Reserve transfers
At 31 December 2014

Share
capital
£000

120,477
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

 -
 -
120,477

120,477
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

 -
 -
120,477

120,477
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

 -
 -
120,477

120,477
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

 -
 -
120,477

Share
premium
£000

Equalisation Revaluation
reserve
£000

reserve
£000

Translation
reserve
£000

4,632
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

 -
 -
4,632

4,632
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

 -
 -
4,632

4,632
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

 -
 -
4,632

4,632
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

 -
 -
4,632

25,299
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

 -
(342)
24,957

25,837
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

 -
(538)
25,299

25,299
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

 -
(342)
24,957

25,837
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

 -
(538)
25,299

541
 -
52
52
 -
 -
 -

 -
(97)
496

700
 -
40
40
 -
 -
 -

 -
(199)
541

541
 -
52
52
 -
 -
 -

 -
(97)
496

563
 -
40
40
 -
 -
 -

 -
(62)
541

12,643
 -
(6,461)
(6,461)
 -
 -
 -

 -
 -
6,182

14,340
 -
(1,697)
(1,697)
 -
 -
 -

 -
 -
12,643

6,053
 -
(3,913)
(3,913)
 -
 -
 -

 -
 -
2,140

6,458
 -
(405)
(405)
 -
 -
 -

 -
 -
6,053

Retained
earnings
£000

331,041
46,617
(4,770)
41,847
(9,181)
(20,000)
4,050

(6)
439
348,190

328,157
40,317
(10,547)
29,770
(9,181)
(23,500)
5,053

5
737
331,041

263,370
42,759
(4,770)
37,989
(9,181)
(20,000)
4,050

(246)
439
276,421

270,327
31,359
(10,547)
20,812
(9,181)
(23,500)
5,053

(741)
600
263,370

Total
£000

494,633
46,617
(11,179)
35,438
(9,181)
(20,000)
4,050

(6)
 -
504,934

494,143
40,317
(12,204)
28,113
(9,181)
(23,500)
5,053

5
 -
494,633

420,372
42,759
(8,631)
34,128
(9,181)
(20,000)
4,050

(246)
 -
429,123

428,294
31,359
(10,912)
20,447
(9,181)
(23,500)
5,053

(741)
 -
420,372

The equalisation reserve is not distributable and must be kept in compliance with the insurance companies' reserves regulations. The
revaluation reserve represents cumulative net fair value gains on owner-occupied property. The translation reserve arises on consolidation of
the Group's and Parent's foreign operations.

138

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

CONSOLIDATED AND PARENT STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
for the year ended 31 December 2015

Assets
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Deferred acquisition costs
Deferred tax assets
Pension assets
Property, plant and equipment
Investment property
Financial investments
Reinsurers' share of contract liabilities
Current tax recoverable
Other assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Current assets classified as held for sale
Total assets

Equity
Share capital
Share premium account
Retained earnings and other reserves
Total shareholders' equity

Liabilities
Insurance contract liabilities
Finance lease obligations
Provisions for other liabilities
Pension liabilities
Retirement benefit obligations
Deferred tax liabilities
Current tax liabilities
Deferred income
Other liabilities
Total liabilities

Notes

2015

Group
£000

Parent
£000

2014

Group
£000

Parent
£000

17
18
30
19
20
21
22
28

24
25
26

27

28

29
19
19
30

31

29,104
28,394
1,674
10,893
7,704
98,750
833,390
170,740
331
124,842
118,441
 -
1,424,263

120,477
4,632
379,825
504,934

790,690
1,431
4,066
240
9,193
34,124
3,403
15,532
60,650
919,329

4,206
24,582
 -
10,893
6,922
98,750
682,549
130,414
331
96,547
84,779
 -
1,139,973

120,477
4,632
304,014
429,123

605,824
1,431
3,890
240
9,193
33,511
2,308
13,079
41,374
710,850

28,998
31,117
1,295
21,068
6,405
69,775
886,186
157,465
 -
119,394
107,526
6,204
1,435,433

120,477
4,632
369,524
494,633

820,328
1,259
3,588
250
12,547
36,014
5,767
16,432
44,615
940,800

4,230
26,974
11
21,068
5,693
69,775
714,428
115,004
 -
102,239
77,774
 -
1,137,196

120,477
4,632
295,263
420,372

618,887
1,259
2,770
250
12,547
35,559
4,962
13,443
27,147
716,824

Total shareholders' equity and liabilities

1,424,263

1,139,973

1,435,433

1,137,196

The financial statements of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc, registered number 24869, on pages 136 to 195 were approved and authorised
for issue by the Board of Directors on 16 March 2016 and signed on its behalf by:

Will Samuel
Chairman

Mark Hews
Group Chief Executive

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

139

CONSOLIDATED AND PARENT STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
for the year ended 31 December 2015

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Profit before tax
Adjustments for:
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Revaluation of property, plant and equipment
Loss/(profit) on disposal of property, plant and equipment
Amortisation and impairment of intangible assets
Loss on disposal of intangible assets
Net fair value (gains)/losses on financial instruments and investment 
property
Dividend and interest income
Finance costs

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Net decrease in insurance contract liabilities
Net (increase)/decrease in reinsurers' share of contract liabilities
Net decrease in deferred acquisition costs
Net (increase)/decrease in other assets
Net increase in operating liabilities
Net increase/(decrease) in other liabilities
Cash (used)/generated by operations

Purchases of financial instruments and investment property
Sale of financial instruments and investment property
Dividends received
Interest received
Interest paid
Tax (paid)/recovered
Net cash from operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment
Purchases of intangible assets
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired
Acquisition of shares issued by subsidiary
Disposal of business
Net cash from/(used by) investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities
Payment of finance lease liabilities
Payment of group tax relief in excess of standard rate
Dividends paid to Company's shareholders
Donations paid to ultimate parent undertaking
Net cash used by financing activities

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Exchange losses on cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

2015

Group
£000

Parent
£000

2014

Group
£000

53,605

47,926

48,154

1,708
(140)
16
1,397
11

(7,737)
(29,934)
101

(15,193)
(17,068)
1,754
(6,316)
14,884
866
(2,046)

(103,333)
122,519
8,714
23,868
(101)
(6,886)
42,735

(2,657)
260
(1,817)
 -
 -
5,260
1,046

(331)
 -
(9,181)
(20,000)
(29,512)

14,269
107,526
(3,354)
118,441

1,555
(90)
(18)
1,116
 -

(10,665)
(25,792)
101

(5,004)
(16,666)
1,670
5,825
12,935
1,484
14,377

(75,141)
81,436
11,194
16,984
(101)
(5,218)
43,531

(2,437)
260
(1,392)
 -
 -
 -
(3,569)

(331)
(746)
(9,181)
(20,000)
(30,258)

9,704
77,774
(2,699)
84,779

1,638
 -
(32)
1,751
19

(8,918)
(34,709)
86

(21,413)
(26,814)
3,327
3,792
8,814
(3,498)
(27,803)

(152,899)
185,401
8,624
26,889
(86)
1,127
41,253

(1,369)
677
(1,548)
(5,000)
 -
 -
(7,240)

(359)
(15)
(9,181)
(23,500)
(33,055)

958
107,241
(673)
107,526

Parent
£000

35,644

1,464
 -
(13)
1,092
 -

739
(26,150)
86

(41,066)
6,087
3,377
4,725
1,777
(4,177)
(16,415)

(123,780)
144,870
7,863
18,774
(86)
2,512
33,738

(1,171)
126
(1,547)
 -
(300)
 -
(2,892)

(359)
(122)
(9,181)
(23,500)
(33,162)

(2,316)
80,430
(340)
77,774

140

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

1 Accounting policies

Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc (hereafter referred to as the ‘Company’, or ‘Parent’), a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in

England, together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the ‘Group’) operates principally as a provider of general insurance and in addition offers a

range of financial services, with offices in the UK & Ireland, Australia and Canada. The principal accounting policies adopted in preparing the

Group's International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) financial statements are set out below.

The Group’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared using the following accounting policies, which are in accordance with IFRS

applicable at 31 December 2015 issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and endorsed by the European Union (EU).

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the revaluation of properties and certain financial

Basis of preparation

instruments.

The Financial Performance and Risk Management sections of the Strategic Report provide a review of the Group’s business activities and

describe the principal risks and uncertainties,

including exposures to insurance, financial, operational and strategic risk. The Group has

considerable financial resources: financial

investments of £833.4m, 96% of which are liquid (2014: financial

investments of £892.4m

(including current assets classified as held for sale), 98% liquid); cash and cash equivalents of £118.4m and no borrowings (2014: cash and

cash equivalents of £107.5m and no borrowings); and a regulatory enhanced capital cover of 3.0 (2014: 2.9). Liquid financial investments

consist of listed equities and OEICs, government bonds and listed debt. As a consequence, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the

Group is well placed to manage its business risks successfully and continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Accordingly,

they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the annual report and accounts.

In accordance with IFRS 4, Insurance Contracts , on adoption of IFRS the Group applied existing accounting practices for insurance and

participating investment contracts, modified as appropriate to comply with the IFRS framework and applicable standards, introducing changes

only where they provide more reliable and relevant information.

Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured in the currency of the primary economic environment in

which that entity operates (the 'functional currency'). The consolidated financial statements are stated in sterling, which is the Company’s

functional and presentation currency.

As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, a separate profit and loss account for the Company is not presented.

New and revised Standards

The Standards adopted in the current year are either outside the scope of Group transactions or do not materially impact the Group.

The following Standards were in issue but not yet effective and have not been applied in these financial statements.

Accounting Standard  Key requirements

Expected impact on financial statements

Effective date

IFRS 9, Financial 

Provides a new model for the 

It is expected that equity instruments will continue 

Annual periods 

Instruments

classification and measurement 

to be measured at fair value through profit or loss. 

beginning on or 

of financial instruments, a single, 

There is a possibility that the measurement of 

after 1 January 

forward-looking ‘expected loss’ 

certain debt instruments will change to amortised 

2018. Although 

impairment model and a reformed 

cost or fair value through other comprehensive 

expected to be 

approach to hedge accounting.

income, although this is being assessed and 

deferred until 2020 

depends on the conclusion of IFRS 4 Phase II, the 

or 2021 for entities 

IASB's ongoing insurance accounting project.

that issue insurance 

contracts.

IFRS 15, Revenue 

Establishes principles for 

Insurance contracts are outside the scope of the 

Annual periods 

from Contracts with 

reporting useful information to 

Standard. The impact on fee and commission 

beginning on or 

Customers

users of financial statements 

income is being assessed. There is the possibility of 

after 1 January 

about the nature, amount, timing 

commission income being recognised earlier if a 

2018 (effective 

and uncertainty of revenue and 

contract is approved and consideration is probable. 

date deferred by 

cash flows arising from an entity’s 

Variable consideration will be recognised earlier if 

one year during the 

contracts with customers.

receipt is considered highly probable.

current year).

IFRS 16, Leases

Provides a single lessee 

The Group is currently assessing the full impact of 

Annual periods 

accounting model, requiring 

IFRS 16. As operating leases (as disclosed in note 

beginning on or 

lessees to recognise assets and 

32) are in place for the majority of the Group’s 

after 1 January 

liabilities for all leases unless the 

offices, these changes will significantly increase the 

2019 (subject to 

term is 12 months or less or the 

value of both assets and liabilities recognised in the 

EU endorsement).

underlying asset has a low value. 

financial statements.

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1 Accounting policies
1 Accounting policies
Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc (hereafter referred to as the ‘Company’, or ‘Parent’), a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in
Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc (hereafter referred to as the ‘Company’, or ‘Parent’), a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in
England, together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the ‘Group’) operates principally as a provider of general insurance and in addition offers a
England, together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the ‘Group’) operates principally as a provider of general insurance and in addition offers a
range of financial services, with offices in the UK & Ireland, Australia and Canada. The principal accounting policies adopted in preparing the
range of financial services, with offices in the UK & Ireland, Australia and Canada. The principal accounting policies adopted in preparing the
Group's International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) financial statements are set out below.
Group's International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) financial statements are set out below.

Basis of preparation
Basis of preparation
The Group’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared using the following accounting policies, which are in accordance with IFRS
The Group’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared using the following accounting policies, which are in accordance with IFRS
applicable at 31 December 2015 issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and endorsed by the European Union (EU).
applicable at 31 December 2015 issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and endorsed by the European Union (EU).
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the revaluation of properties and certain financial
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the revaluation of properties and certain financial
instruments.
instruments.

The Financial Performance and Risk Management sections of the Strategic Report provide a review of the Group’s business activities and
The Financial Performance and Risk Management sections of the Strategic Report provide a review of the Group’s business activities and
including exposures to insurance, financial, operational and strategic risk. The Group has
describe the principal risks and uncertainties,
including exposures to insurance, financial, operational and strategic risk. The Group has
describe the principal risks and uncertainties,
investments of £892.4m
considerable financial resources: financial
considerable financial resources: financial
investments of £892.4m
(including current assets classified as held for sale), 98% liquid); cash and cash equivalents of £118.4m and no borrowings (2014: cash and
(including current assets classified as held for sale), 98% liquid); cash and cash equivalents of £118.4m and no borrowings (2014: cash and
cash equivalents of £107.5m and no borrowings); and a regulatory enhanced capital cover of 3.0 (2014: 2.9). Liquid financial investments
cash equivalents of £107.5m and no borrowings); and a regulatory enhanced capital cover of 3.0 (2014: 2.9). Liquid financial investments
consist of listed equities and OEICs, government bonds and listed debt. As a consequence, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the
consist of listed equities and OEICs, government bonds and listed debt. As a consequence, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the
Group is well placed to manage its business risks successfully and continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Accordingly,
Group is well placed to manage its business risks successfully and continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Accordingly,
they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the annual report and accounts.
they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the annual report and accounts.

investments of £833.4m, 96% of which are liquid (2014: financial
investments of £833.4m, 96% of which are liquid (2014: financial

In accordance with IFRS 4, Insurance Contracts , on adoption of IFRS the Group applied existing accounting practices for insurance and
In accordance with IFRS 4, Insurance Contracts , on adoption of IFRS the Group applied existing accounting practices for insurance and
participating investment contracts, modified as appropriate to comply with the IFRS framework and applicable standards, introducing changes
participating investment contracts, modified as appropriate to comply with the IFRS framework and applicable standards, introducing changes
only where they provide more reliable and relevant information.
only where they provide more reliable and relevant information.

Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured in the currency of the primary economic environment in
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured in the currency of the primary economic environment in
which that entity operates (the 'functional currency'). The consolidated financial statements are stated in sterling, which is the Company’s
which that entity operates (the 'functional currency'). The consolidated financial statements are stated in sterling, which is the Company’s
functional and presentation currency.
functional and presentation currency.

As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, a separate profit and loss account for the Company is not presented.
As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, a separate profit and loss account for the Company is not presented.

New and revised Standards
New and revised Standards
The Standards adopted in the current year are either outside the scope of Group transactions or do not materially impact the Group.
The Standards adopted in the current year are either outside the scope of Group transactions or do not materially impact the Group.

The following Standards were in issue but not yet effective and have not been applied in these financial statements.
The following Standards were in issue but not yet effective and have not been applied in these financial statements.

Accounting Standard  Key requirements
Accounting Standard  Key requirements
IFRS 9, Financial 
IFRS 9, Financial 
Instruments
Instruments

Provides a new model for the 
Provides a new model for the 
classification and measurement 
classification and measurement 
of financial instruments, a single, 
of financial instruments, a single, 
forward-looking ‘expected loss’ 
forward-looking ‘expected loss’ 
impairment model and a reformed 
impairment model and a reformed 
approach to hedge accounting.
approach to hedge accounting.

Expected impact on financial statements
Expected impact on financial statements
It is expected that equity instruments will continue 
It is expected that equity instruments will continue 
to be measured at fair value through profit or loss. 
to be measured at fair value through profit or loss. 
There is a possibility that the measurement of 
There is a possibility that the measurement of 
certain debt instruments will change to amortised 
certain debt instruments will change to amortised 
cost or fair value through other comprehensive 
cost or fair value through other comprehensive 
income, although this is being assessed and 
income, although this is being assessed and 
depends on the conclusion of IFRS 4 Phase II, the 
depends on the conclusion of IFRS 4 Phase II, the 
IASB's ongoing insurance accounting project.
IASB's ongoing insurance accounting project.

IFRS 15, Revenue 
IFRS 15, Revenue 
from Contracts with 
from Contracts with 
Customers
Customers

IFRS 16, Leases
IFRS 16, Leases

Establishes principles for 
Establishes principles for 
reporting useful information to 
reporting useful information to 
users of financial statements 
users of financial statements 
about the nature, amount, timing 
about the nature, amount, timing 
and uncertainty of revenue and 
and uncertainty of revenue and 
cash flows arising from an entity’s 
cash flows arising from an entity’s 
contracts with customers.
contracts with customers.
Provides a single lessee 
Provides a single lessee 
accounting model, requiring 
accounting model, requiring 
lessees to recognise assets and 
lessees to recognise assets and 
liabilities for all leases unless the 
liabilities for all leases unless the 
term is 12 months or less or the 
term is 12 months or less or the 
underlying asset has a low value. 
underlying asset has a low value. 

Insurance contracts are outside the scope of the 
Insurance contracts are outside the scope of the 
Standard. The impact on fee and commission 
Standard. The impact on fee and commission 
income is being assessed. There is the possibility of 
income is being assessed. There is the possibility of 
commission income being recognised earlier if a 
commission income being recognised earlier if a 
contract is approved and consideration is probable. 
contract is approved and consideration is probable. 
Variable consideration will be recognised earlier if 
Variable consideration will be recognised earlier if 
receipt is considered highly probable.
receipt is considered highly probable.
The Group is currently assessing the full impact of 
The Group is currently assessing the full impact of 
IFRS 16. As operating leases (as disclosed in note 
IFRS 16. As operating leases (as disclosed in note 
32) are in place for the majority of the Group’s 
32) are in place for the majority of the Group’s 
offices, these changes will significantly increase the 
offices, these changes will significantly increase the 
value of both assets and liabilities recognised in the 
value of both assets and liabilities recognised in the 
financial statements.
financial statements.

Effective date
Effective date
Annual periods 
Annual periods 
beginning on or 
beginning on or 
after 1 January 
after 1 January 
2018. Although 
2018. Although 
expected to be 
expected to be 
deferred until 2020 
deferred until 2020 
or 2021 for entities 
or 2021 for entities 
that issue insurance 
that issue insurance 
contracts.
contracts.

Annual periods 
Annual periods 
beginning on or 
beginning on or 
after 1 January 
after 1 January 
2018 (effective 
2018 (effective 
date deferred by 
date deferred by 
one year during the 
one year during the 
current year).
current year).
Annual periods 
Annual periods 
beginning on or 
beginning on or 
after 1 January 
after 1 January 
2019 (subject to 
2019 (subject to 
EU endorsement).
EU endorsement).

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

141

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1 Accounting policies (continued)

The other Standards in issue but not yet effective are not expected to materially impact the Group.

Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities,
and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Although these estimates are based on
management’s best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results ultimately may differ from those estimates.

Operating profit or loss
Operating profit or loss is stated before finance costs.

Basis of consolidation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are those entities over which the Company, directly or indirectly, has control, with control being achieved when the Company has
power over the investee, is exposed to variable return from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to use its power to affect its
returns. The results and cash flows relating to subsidiaries acquired or disposed of in the year are included in the consolidated statement of
profit or loss and the consolidated statement of cash flows from the date of acquisition or up to the date of disposal. All
inter-company
transactions, balances and profits are eliminated.

In the Parent statement of financial position subsidiaries are accounted for within financial investments at cost, in accordance with International
Accounting Standard (IAS) 27, Separate Financial Statements .

The Group uses the acquisition method of accounting to account for business combinations. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair
value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the acquisition date. Identifiable assets acquired and
liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. Non-
controlling interests are measured either at fair value or at a proportionate share of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree. Goodwill is
measured as the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred, the fair value of contingent consideration, the non-controlling
interests and, for an acquisition achieved in stages, the fair value of previously held equity interest over the fair value of the identifiable net
assets acquired. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets acquired, the difference is recognised directly through
profit or loss.

For business combinations involving entities or businesses under common control, the cost of the acquisition equals the value of net assets
transferred, as recognised by the transferor at the date of the transaction. No goodwill arises on such transactions.

Investment vehicles
Investment vehicles such as mutual funds are consolidated when the Group has a controlling interest.

Foreign currency translation
The assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated from their functional currencies into the Group's presentation currency using year
end exchange rates, and their income and expenses using average exchange rates for the year. Exchange differences arising from the
translation of the net investment in foreign operations are taken to the currency translation reserve within equity. On disposal of a foreign
operation, such exchange differences are transferred out of this reserve and are recognised in the statement of profit or loss as part of the gain
or loss on sale.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transactions.
Exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions, and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities
denominated in foreign currencies, are recognised through profit or loss.

Product classification
Contracts under which the Group accepts significant insurance risk from another party (the policyholder) by agreeing to compensate the
policyholder or other beneficiary if a specified uncertain future event (the insured event) adversely affects the policyholder are classified as
insurance contracts. Contracts that do not transfer significant insurance risk are classified as investment or service contracts. All of the Group's
long-term business contracts are classified as insurance contracts.

Both insurance and investment contracts may contain a discretionary participating feature, which is defined as a contractual right to receive
additional benefits as a supplement to guaranteed benefits. The Group does not have any such participating contracts (referred to as with-profit
contracts). The Company's long-term business contracts are referred to as non-profit contracts in the financial statements.

Premium income
General insurance business
Premiums are shown gross of commission paid to intermediaries and accounted for in the period in which the risk commences. Estimates are
included for premiums not notified by the year end and provision is made for the anticipated lapse of renewals not yet confirmed. Those
proportions of premiums written in a year which relate to periods of risk extending beyond the end of the year are carried forward as unearned
premiums.

142

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

Premiums written include adjustments to premiums written in prior periods and estimates for pipeline premiums and are shown net of insurance
premium taxes.

Long-term business
Insurance contract premiums are recognised as income when receivable, at which date the liabilities arising from them are also recognised.

Fee and commission income
Fee and commission income consists primarily of reinsurance commissions receivable in addition to income from the Group's insurance broking
activities, investment fund management fees, distribution fees from mutual funds and commission revenue from the sale of mutual fund shares.
Reinsurance commissions receivable and other commission income are recognised on the trade date.
Income generated from insurance
placements is recognised at the inception date of the cover.

Fees charged for investment management services are recognised as revenue when the services are provided. Initial fees which exceed the
level of recurring fees and relate to the future provision of services are deferred and amortised over the anticipated period in which services will
be provided. Fees charged for investment management services for institutional and retail fund management are also recognised on this basis.

Net investment return
Net investment return consists of dividends, interest and rents receivable for the year, realised gains and losses, and unrealised gains and
losses on financial instruments and investment properties. Dividends on equity securities are recorded as revenue on the ex-dividend date.
Interest and rental income is recognised as it accrues.

Unrealised gains and losses are calculated as the difference between carrying value and original cost, and the movement during the year is
recognised through profit or loss. The value of realised gains and losses includes an adjustment for previously recognised unrealised gains or
losses on investments disposed of in the accounting period.

Claims
General insurance claims incurred include all losses occurring during the year, whether reported or not, related handling costs, a reduction for
the value of salvage and other recoveries, and any adjustments to claims outstanding from previous years.

Claims handling costs include all internal and external costs incurred in connection with the negotiation and settlement of claims.

Long-term insurance business claims and death claims are accounted for when notified. 

Insurance contract liabilities 
General insurance provisions
(i) Outstanding claims provisions
General insurance outstanding claims provisions are based on the estimated ultimate cost of all claims incurred but not settled at the year end
date, whether reported or not, together with related claims handling costs. Significant delays are experienced in the notification and settlement
of certain types of general
insurance claims, particularly in respect of liability business, the ultimate cost of which cannot be known with
certainty at the year end date. An estimate is made representing the best estimate plus a risk margin within a range of possible outcomes.
Designated insurance liabilities are remeasured to reflect current market interest rates.

(ii) Provision for unearned premiums
The proportion of written premiums, gross of commission payable to intermediaries, attributable to subsequent periods is deferred as a provision
for unearned premiums. The change in this provision is taken to profit or loss in order that revenue is recognised over the period of risk.

(iii) Liability adequacy
At each reporting date, the Group reviews its unexpired risks and carries out a liability adequacy test for any overall excess of expected claims
and deferred acquisition costs over unearned premiums, using the current estimates of future cash flows under its contracts. Unexpired risks
are assessed separately for each class of business. Surpluses and deficits are offset where business classes are considered to be managed
together.

Long-term business provisions
Under current IFRS requirements,
previously.

insurance contract liabilities are measured using accounting policies consistent with those adopted

The long-term business provision is determined using methods and assumptions approved by the directors based on advice from the Actuarial
Function Holder. Initially it is calculated to comply with the reporting requirements under the Prudential Sourcebook for Insurers. This statutory
solvency basis of valuation is then adjusted by eliminating or adjusting certain reserves advised under insurance companies' regulations and
general contingency reserves. This adjusted basis is referred to as the modified statutory solvency basis.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

143

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1 Accounting policies (continued)

Reinsurance
The Group assumes and cedes reinsurance in the normal course of business, with retention limits varying by line of business. Premiums on
reinsurance assumed are recognised as revenue in the same manner as direct business. Outwards reinsurance premiums are accounted for in
the same accounting period as the related premiums for the direct or inwards reinsurance business being reinsured. Estimates are included for
premiums not notified by the year end and provision is made for the anticipated lapse of renewals not yet confirmed. The proportion of
premiums ceded in a year which relates to periods of risk extending beyond the current year is carried forward as unearned. The Group does
not reinsure its long-term business.

Reinsurance assets primarily include balances due from both insurance and reinsurance companies for ceded insurance liabilities. Amounts
recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the outstanding claims provisions or the settled claims associated with
the reinsured policies and in accordance with the relevant reinsurance contract.

Intangible assets
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the identifiable assets and liabilities
acquired at the date of acquisition. Goodwill on acquisitions prior to 1 January 2004 (the date of transition to IFRS) is carried at book value
(original cost less amortisation) on that date, less any subsequent impairment. Where it is considered more relevant, the Group uses the option
to measure goodwill initially at fair value, less any subsequent impairment.

Goodwill is tested annually for impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating
units for the purpose of impairment testing. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the
entity sold.

Computer software
Computer software is carried at historical cost less accumulated amortisation, and amortised over a useful life of between three and five years,
using the straight-line method. The amortisation charge for the period is included in the statement of profit or loss within other operating and
administrative expenses.

Other intangible assets
Other intangible assets consist of acquired brand, customer and distribution relationships, and are carried at cost at acquisition less
accumulated amortisation after acquisition. Amortisation is on a straight-line basis over the weighted average estimated useful life of intangible
assets acquired. The amortisation charge for the period is included in the statement of profit or loss within other operating and administrative
expenses.

Property, plant and equipment
Owner-occupied properties are stated at open market value and movements are taken to the revaluation reserve within equity, net of deferred
tax. When such properties are sold, the accumulated revaluation surpluses are transferred from this reserve to retained earnings. Where the
market value of an individual property is below original cost, any revaluation movement arising during the year is recognised within net
investment return in the statement of profit or loss. Valuations are carried out at least every three years by external qualified surveyors. All other
items classed as property, plant and equipment within the statement of financial position are carried at historical cost less accumulated
depreciation.

Land is not depreciated. No depreciation is provided on owner-occupied properties since such depreciation would be immaterial. Depreciation
is calculated on the straight-line method to write down the cost of other assets to their residual values over their estimated useful lives as
follows:

Computer equipment
Motor vehicles
Fixtures, fittings and office equipment

3 - 5 years
27% reducing balance or length of lease
3 - 15 years

Where the carrying amount of an item carried at historical cost less accumulated depreciation is greater than its estimated recoverable amount,
it is written down to its recoverable amount by way of an impairment charge to profit or loss.

Repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss during the financial period in which they are incurred.

Investment property
Investment property comprises land and buildings which are held for long-term rental yields. It is carried at fair value with changes in fair value
recognised in the statement of profit or loss within net investment return. Investment property is valued annually by external qualified surveyors
at open market value.

144

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

Financial instruments 
IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement requires the classification of certain financial assets and liabilities into separate
categories for which the accounting requirements differ. 

The classification depends on the nature and purpose of the financial assets and liabilities, and is determined at the time of initial recognition.
Financial instruments are initially measured at fair value. Their subsequent measurement depends on their classification:

-

-

Financial instruments designated as at fair value through profit or loss and those held for trading are subsequently carried at fair value.
Changes in fair value are recognised through profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

All other financial assets and liabilities are held at amortised cost, using the effective interest method (except for short-term receivables and
payables when the recognition of interest would be immaterial).

The directors consider that the carrying value of those financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value in the financial statements
approximates to their fair value.

Offset of financial assets and financial liabilities
Financial assets and liabilities are offset, and the net amount reported in the statement of financial position, when there is a legally enforceable
right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or realise the asset and settle the liability
simultaneously.

Financial investments
The Group classifies its financial
trading) or loans and receivables. 

investments as either financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (designated as such or held for

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Financial investments are classified into this category if they are managed, and their performance evaluated, on a fair value basis. Purchases
and sales of these investments are recognised on the trade date, which is the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the assets, at
their fair value adjusted for transaction costs. Financial investments within this category are classified as held for trading if they are derivatives
or acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the near term.

The fair values of investments are based on quoted bid prices. Where there is no active market, fair value is established using a valuation
technique based on observable market data where available.

Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables, comprising mortgages and other loans, are recognised when cash is advanced to borrowers. These are carried at
amortised cost using the effective interest method. To the extent that a loan is uncollectable, it is written off as impaired. Subsequent recoveries
are credited to profit or loss.

instruments include financial

Derivative financial instruments
Derivative financial
instruments that derive their value from underlying equity instruments. Group derivative
transactions, while providing effective economic hedges under the Group’s risk management positions, do not qualify for hedge accounting
under the specific IFRS rules and are therefore treated as derivatives held for trading. All derivatives are initially recognised in the statement of
financial position at their fair value, which usually represents their cost, including any premium paid. They are subsequently remeasured at their
fair value with changes in the fair value recognised immediately in net investment return. All derivatives are carried as assets when the fair
values are positive and as liabilities when the fair values are negative.

The notional or contractual amounts associated with derivative financial instruments are not recorded as assets or liabilities in the statement of
financial position as they do not represent the fair value of these transactions. Collateral pledged by way of cash margins on futures contracts is
recognised as an asset in the statement of financial position within cash and cash equivalents.

Deferred acquisition costs
General insurance business
For general insurance business, a proportion of commission and other acquisition costs relating to unearned premiums is carried forward as
deferred acquisition costs or, with regard to reinsurance outwards, as deferred income. Deferred acquisition costs are amortised over the period
in which the related revenues are earned. The reinsurers’ share of deferred acquisition costs is amortised in the same manner as the underlying
asset.

Long-term business
For insurance contracts, acquisition costs comprise direct costs such as initial commission and the indirect costs of obtaining and processing
new business. Acquisition costs which are incurred during a financial year are deferred and amortised over the period during which the costs
are expected to be recoverable, if applicable.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

145

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1 Accounting policies (continued)

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original
maturities of three months or less and bank overdrafts.

Insurance broking debtors and creditors
Where the Group acts as an agent in placing the insurable risks of clients with insurers, debtors arising from such transactions are not included
in the Group's assets. When the Group receives cash in respect of resultant premiums or claims, a corresponding liability is established in other
creditors in favour of the insurer or client. Where the Group provides premium finance facilities to clients, amounts due are included in other
debtors, with the amount owing for onward transmission included in other creditors.

Leases
Leases, where a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership is retained by the lessor, are classified as operating leases. Payments
made as lessees under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease. Rental income
received as a lessor under operating leases is credited to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease. Lease incentives are
recognised on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.

Leases, where a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership is transferred to the Group, are classified as finance leases. Assets
obtained under finance lease contracts are capitalised as property, plant and equipment and are depreciated over the period of the lease.
Obligations under such agreements are included within liabilities net of finance charges allocated to future periods. The interest element of the
lease payments is charged to profit or loss over the period of the lease. Assets held under finance leases are not significant to these financial
statements.

Provisions and contingent liabilities
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation, as a result of past events, and it is probable that an
outflow of resources, embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate of the amount of the
obligation can be made. Where the Group expects a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only
when it is virtually certain that the reimbursement will be received.

The Group recognises a provision for onerous contracts when the expected benefits to be derived from a contract are less than the unavoidable
costs of meeting the obligations under the contract.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed if there is a possible future obligation as a result of a past event, or if there is a present obligation but either
an outflow of resources is not probable or the amount cannot be reliably estimated. 

Employee benefits
Pension obligations
The Group operates a number of defined benefit and defined contribution plans, the assets of which are held in separate trustee-administered
funds.

For defined benefit plans, the pension costs are assessed using the projected unit credit method. Under this method, the cost of providing
pensions is charged to profit or loss so as to spread the regular cost over the service lives of employees, in accordance with the advice of
qualified actuaries. The pension obligation is measured as the present value of the estimated future cash outflows using a discount rate based
on market yields for high-quality corporate bonds. The resulting pension plan surplus or deficit appears as an asset or obligation in the
statement of financial position. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value economic benefits of available in the form
of refunds from the plan or reductions in future employer contributions to the plan.

In accordance with IAS 19, Employee Benefits , current and past service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and settlements and net
interest expense or income (calculated by applying a discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset) are recognised through profit or
loss. Actuarial gains or losses are recognised in full in the period in which they occur in other comprehensive income. 

Contributions in respect of defined contribution plans are recognised as a charge to profit or loss as incurred.

Other post-employment obligations
Some Group companies provide post-employment medical benefits to their retirees. The expected costs of these benefits are accrued over the
period of employment using an accounting methodology similar to that for defined benefit pension plans. Actuarial gains and losses are
recognised immediately in other comprehensive income. Independent qualified actuaries value these obligations annually.

Other benefits
Employee entitlements to annual leave and long service leave are recognised when they accrue to employees. A provision is made for the
estimated liability for annual leave and long service leave as a result of services rendered by employees up to the year end date.

146

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

Taxation
Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognised in the statement of profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to
items recognised in other comprehensive income, in which case it is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income.

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable result for the period, after any adjustment in respect of prior periods. 

Deferred tax is provided in full on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes
and the amounts used for tax purposes. Deferred tax is measured using tax rates expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is
realised or the deferred tax liability is settled based on tax rates and laws which have been enacted or substantively enacted at the year end
date.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary
differences can be utilised.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not discounted.

Appropriations
Dividends
Dividends on Ordinary shares are recognised in equity in the period in which they are declared and, for the final dividend, approved by
shareholders. Dividends on Irredeemable Preference shares are recognised in the period in which they are declared and appropriately approved.

Charitable grant to ultimate parent undertaking
Payments are made via Gift Aid to the ultimate parent company, Allchurches Trust Limited, a registered charity. The Group does not regard
these payments as being expenses of the business and, as such, recognises them net of tax in equity in the period in which they are approved.

Assets held for sale
Assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

Assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use.
This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one
year from the date of classification.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

147

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2 Critical accounting estimates and judgements in applying accounting policies

The Group makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities. Estimates and judgements are regularly
reviewed and based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under
the circumstances. 

(a) The ultimate liability arising from claims made under general business insurance contracts
The estimation of the ultimate liability arising from claims made under general business insurance contracts is a critical accounting estimate.
There is uncertainty as to the total number of claims made on each class of business, the amounts that such claims will be settled for and the
timings of any payments. There are various sources of uncertainty as to how much the Group will ultimately pay with respect to such contracts.
Such uncertainty includes:

-  whether a claim event has occurred or not and how much it will ultimately settle for; 
-  variability in the speed with which claims are notified and in the time taken to settle them, especially complex cases resolved through the

courts;

-  changes in the business portfolio affecting factors such as the number of claims and their typical settlement costs, which may differ

significantly from past patterns;
new types of claim, including latent claims, which arise from time to time; 

- 
-  changes in legislation and court attitudes to compensation, which may apply retrospectively;
-  the way in which certain reinsurance contracts (principally liability) will be interpreted in relation to unusual/latent claims where aggregation

of claimants and exposure over time are issues; and

-  whether all such reinsurances will remain in force over the long term.

The uncertainties surrounding the estimates of claims payments for the various classes of business are discussed further in note 3, and where
discount rates have been applied these are disclosed in note 28. General business insurance liabilities include a margin for risk and uncertainty
in addition to the best estimates for future claims. The sensitivity of profit or loss to changes in the ultimate settlement cost of claims reserves is
presented in note 28.

(b) Estimate of future benefit payments arising from long-term insurance contracts
The determination of the liabilities under long-term insurance contracts is dependent on estimates made by the Group.

Estimates are made as to the expected number of deaths for each of the years in which the Group is exposed to risk. The Group bases these
estimates on standard industry and national mortality tables that reflect recent historical mortality experience, with allowance also being made
for expected future mortality improvements where prudent. The estimated mortality rates profile provisions for forecast benefit payments net of
forecast premium receipts.

Estimates are also made as to future investment returns arising from the assets backing long-term insurance contracts. These estimates are
based on current market returns as well as expectations about future economic and financial developments.

In addition to the best estimates of future deaths, inflation, investment returns and administration expenses, margins for risk and uncertainty are
added to these assumptions in calculating the liabilities of long-term insurance contracts. The sensitivity of profit or loss to changes in the key
assumptions is presented in note 28.

(c) Pension and other post-employment benefits
The cost of these benefits and the present value of the pension and other post-employment benefit liabilities depend on factors that are
determined on an actuarial basis using a number of assumptions. The assumptions used in determining the charge to profit or loss for these
benefits include the discount rate and, in the case of the post-employment medical benefits, expected medical expense inflation. Any changes
in these assumptions will impact profit or loss and may affect planned funding of the pension plans. The Group determines an appropriate
discount rate at the end of each year, to be used to determine the present value of estimated future cash outflows expected to be required to
settle the pension and other post-employment benefit obligations. 

In determining the appropriate discount rate, the Group considers interest rates of high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the
currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related pension liability. The
expected rate of medical expense inflation is determined by comparing the historical relationship of medical expense increases over a portfolio
of UK-based post-retirement medical plans with the rate of inflation, making an allowance for the size of the plan and actual medical expense
experience. Other key assumptions for the pension and post-employment benefit costs and credits are based in part on current market
conditions. 

Additional
assumptions is disclosed in note 19.

information including the sensitivity of pension and post-employment medical benefit scheme liabilities to changes in the key

148

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

(d) Goodwill
Goodwill is tested annually for impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. An impairment loss is recognised to the
extent that the carrying value of goodwill exceeds the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is determined by estimating the value in
use of the business units to which the goodwill has been allocated. The value in use calculation requires the Group to make an estimation of
the future cash flows expected to arise from the business unit and a suitable discount rate to calculate present value. Details of the carrying
value of goodwill at the balance sheet date are shown in note 17.

(e) Carrying value of tax liabilities
Calculating tax liabilities requires management to make judgements in respect of the tax payable for current and prior periods based on the
interpretation of applicable tax legislation. In particular, the material deferred tax liability held by the Group primarily relates to future tax due on
unrealised gains in respect of equities held prior to 2002. Gains on these assets are only recognised for tax purposes when sold and an
estimate has to be made of the tax rate that would be applicable at the point of sale in order to determine the tax liability relating to the gain,
applying tax rates substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

149

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3 Insurance risk

Through its general and life insurance operations, the Group is exposed to a number of risks, as summarised in the Risk Management section
of the Strategic Report. The risk under any one insurance contract is the possibility that the insured event occurs and the uncertainty of the
amount and timing of the resulting claim. Factors such as the business and product mix, the external environment including market competition
and reinsurance capacity all may vary from year to year, along with the actual frequency, severity and ultimate cost of claims and benefits. This
subjects the Group to underwriting and pricing risk (the risk of failing to ensure disciplined risk selection and achieve the required premium),
claims reserving risk (the risk of actual claims payments exceeding the amount we are holding in reserves) and reinsurance risk (the risk of
failing to access and manage reinsurance capacity at a reasonable price).

(a) Risk mitigation
Statistics demonstrate that the larger and more diversified the portfolio of insurance contracts, the smaller the relative variability in the expected
outcome will be. The Group’s underwriting strategy is designed to ensure that the underwritten risks are well diversified in terms of type and
amount of risk and geographical spread. In all operations pricing controls are in place, underpinned by sound statistical analysis, market
expertise and appropriate external consultant advice. Gross and net underwriting exposure is protected through the use of a comprehensive
programme of reinsurance using both proportional and non-proportional reinsurance and supported by proactive claims handling. The overall
reinsurance structure is regularly reviewed and modelled to ensure that it remains optimum to the Group's needs. The optimum reinsurance
structure provides the Group with sustainable, long-term capacity to support its specialist business strategy, with effective balance sheet and
profit and loss protection at a reasonable cost. 

Catastrophe protection is purchased following an extensive annual modelling exercise of gross and net (of proportional reinsurance) exposures.
In conjunction with reinsurance brokers the Group utilises the full range of proprietary catastrophe models and continues to develop bespoke
modelling options that better reflect the specialist nature of the portfolio. Reinsurance is arranged to cover up to a 1/250 loss, which increases
to a 1/500 loss where earthquake risk exists. 

(b) Concentrations of risk
The core business of the Group is general insurance, with the principal classes of business written being property and liability. The Group has
also underwritten a small portfolio of motor policies, but this class is in run-off following the decision in November 2012 to focus on the
principal classes. The accident class of business covers injury, death or incapacity as a result of an unforeseen event. The Group's whole-of-life
insurance policies support funeral planning products.

Below is a table summarising written premiums for the financial year, before and after reinsurance, by territory and by class of business:

2015

Group

Territory
United Kingdom and Ireland

Australia

Canada

Total

Parent

Territory
United Kingdom and Ireland

Canada

Total

Property
£000

170,371
92,631
20,708
1,936
28,194
19,995
219,273

114,562

170,371
92,631
28,194
19,995
198,565

112,626

Gross
Net
Gross
Net
Gross
Net
Gross

Net

Gross
Net
Gross
Net
Gross

Net

General insurance
Liability
£000

Motor
£000

Accident
£000

Life insurance
Funeral plans
£000

52,316
47,183
15,062
12,993
11,713
10,880
79,091

71,056

52,316
47,183
11,713
10,880
64,029

58,063

210
209
550
545
 -
 -
760

754

210
209
 -
 -
210

209

7,831
7,510
1,131
1,089
 -
 -
8,962

8,599

7,831
7,510
 -
 -
7,831

7,510

113
113
 -
 -
 -
 -
113

113

 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

 -

Total
£000

230,841
147,646
37,451
16,563
39,907
30,875
308,199

195,084

230,728
147,533
39,907
30,875
270,635

178,408

150

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

2014

Group

Territory
United Kingdom and Ireland Gross

Australia

Canada

Total

Parent

Net
Gross
Net
Gross
Net
Gross

Net

Territory
United Kingdom and Ireland Gross

Canada

Total

Net
Gross
Net
Gross

Net

Property
£000

179,362
94,506
22,638
(8,558)
27,918
19,691
229,918

105,639

179,362
94,506
27,918
19,691
207,280

114,197

General insurance
Liability
£000

Motor
£000

Accident
£000

Life insurance
Funeral plans
£000

55,895
49,787
15,532
13,300
11,447
10,562
82,874

73,649

55,895
49,787
11,447
10,562
67,342

60,349

183
(924)
763
757
 -
 -
946

(167)

183
(924)
 -
 -
183

(924)

13,742
13,272
1,150
1,105
 -
 -
14,892

14,377

13,742
13,272
 -
 -
13,742

13,272

167
167
 -
 -
 -
 -
167

167

 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

 -

Total
£000

249,349
156,808
40,083
6,604
39,365
30,253
328,797

193,665

249,182
156,641
39,365
30,253
288,547

186,894

(c) General insurance risks
Property classes
Property cover mainly compensates the policyholder for damage suffered to their properties or for the value of property lost. Property insurance
may also include cover for pecuniary loss through the inability to use damaged insured commercial properties.

For property insurance contracts, there can be variability in the nature, number and size of claims made in each period.

The nature of claims may include fire, business interruption, weather damage, escape of water, subsidence, accidental damage to insured
vehicles and theft. Subsidence claims are particularly difficult to predict because the damage is often not apparent for some time. The ultimate
settlements can be small or large with a risk of a settled claim being reopened at a later date.

The number of claims made can be affected by weather events, changes in climate and crime rates. Climate change may give rise to more
frequent and extreme weather events, such as river flooding, hurricanes and drought, and their consequences, for example, subsidence claims.
If a weather event happens near the end of the financial year, the uncertainty about ultimate claims cost in the financial statements is much
higher because there is insufficient time for adequate data to be received to assess the final cost of claims.

Individual claims can vary in amount since the risks insured are diverse in both size and nature. The cost of repairing property varies according
to the extent of damage, cost of materials and labour charges. 

Contracts are underwritten on a reinstatement basis or repair and restoration basis as appropriate. Costs of rebuilding properties, of
replacement or indemnity for contents and time taken to restart operations for business interruption are the key factors that influence the level
of claims. Individual large claims are more likely to arise from fire, storm or flood damage. The greatest likelihood of an aggregation of claims
arises from earthquake, weather or fire events.

Claims payment, on average, occurs within a year of the event that gives rise to the claim. However, there is variability around this average with
larger claims typically taking longer to settle.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

151

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
3 Insurance risk (continued)

Liability classes
The main exposures are in respect of liability insurance contracts which protect policyholders from the liability to compensate injured
employees (employers' liability) and third parties (public liability).

Claims that may arise from the liability portfolios include damage to property, physical injury, disease and psychological trauma. The Group has
a different exposure profile to most other commercial lines insurance companies as it has lower exposure to industrial risks. Therefore, claims
for industrial diseases are less common for the Group than injury claims such as slips, trips and back injuries.

The frequency and severity of claims arising on liability insurance contracts, including the liability element of motor contracts, can be affected by
several factors. Most significant are the increasing level of awards for damages suffered, the courts’ move to periodic payments awards and the
increase in the number of cases that have been latent for a long period of time. 

The severity of bodily injury claims is highly influenced by the value of loss of earnings and the future cost of care. The settlement value of
claims arising under public and employers' liability is particularly difficult to predict. There is often uncertainty as to the extent and type of injury,
whether any payments will be made and, if they are, the amount and timing of the payments. Key factors driving the high levels of uncertainty
include the late notification of possible claim events and the legal process.

Late notification of possible claims necessitates the holding of provisions for incurred claims that may only emerge some years into the future.
In particular, the effect of inflation over such a long period can be considerable and is uncertain. A lack of comparable past experience makes it
difficult to quantify the number of claims and, for certain types of claims, the amounts for which they will ultimately settle. The legal and
legislative framework continues to develop, which has a consequent impact on the uncertainty as to the length of the claims settlement process
and the ultimate settlement amounts.

Claims payment, on average, occurs about three to four years after the event that gives rise to the claim. However, there is significant variability
around this average.

Provisions for latent claims
The public and employers’ liability classes can give rise to very late reported claims, which are often referred to as latent claims. These can vary
in nature and are difficult to predict. They typically emerge slowly over many years, during which time there can be particular uncertainty as to
the number of future potential claims and their cost. The Group has reflected this uncertainty and believes that it holds adequate reserves for
latent claims that may result from exposure periods up to the reporting date.

Note 28 presents the development of the estimate of ultimate claim cost for public and employers' liability claims occurring in a given year. This
gives an indication of the accuracy of the estimation technique for incurred claims.

(d) Life insurance risks
The Group provides whole-of-life insurance policies to support funeral planning products, for most of which the future benefits are linked to
inflation and backed by index-linked assets. The risk that actual claims payments exceed the carrying amount of the insurance liabilities may
occur if the timing of claims is different from assumed. This is not one of the Group's principal risks and the life fund is closed to new entrants,
with only minimal premiums now being received each year.

Uncertainty in the estimation of the timing of future claims arises from the unpredictability of long-term changes in overall levels of mortality.
The Group bases these estimates on standard industry and national mortality tables. The most significant factors that could alter the expected
mortality rates profile are epidemics, widespread changes in lifestyle and continued improvement in medical science and social conditions. The
primary risk on these contracts is the level of future investment returns on the assets backing the liabilities over the life of the policyholders. The
interest rate and inflation risk within this has been largely mitigated by holding index-linked assets of a similar term to the expected liabilities
profile. The main residual risk is the spread risk attaching to corporate bonds held to match the liabilities. The small mortality risk is retained by
the Group and directly impacts shareholders' equity.

152

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

4 Financial risk and capital management

The Group is exposed to financial risk through its financial assets, financial liabilities, reinsurance assets and insurance liabilities. In particular,
the key financial risk is that the proceeds from its financial assets are not sufficient to fund the obligations arising from its insurance contracts.
The most important components of financial risk are interest rate risk, credit risk, currency risk and equity price risk.

There has been no change from the prior period in the nature of the financial risks to which the Group is exposed. The Group's management
and measurement of financial risks is informed by either stochastic modelling or stress testing techniques.

(a) Categories of financial instruments

Group

At 31 December 2015
Financial investments
Other assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Other liabilities
Net other
Total

At 31 December 2014
Financial investments
Other assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Assets classified as held for sale 
Other liabilities
Net other
Total

Parent

At 31 December 2015
Financial investments
Other assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Other liabilities
Net other
Total

At 31 December 2014
Financial investments
Other assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Other liabilities
Net other
Total

Designated
at fair value
£000

Financial assets
Held for
Loans and
trading receivables*
£000

£000

832,661
 -
 -
 -
 -
832,661

886,170
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
886,170

631,757
 -
 -
 -
 -
631,757

664,349
 -
 -
 -
 -
664,349

713
 -
 -
 -
 -
713

 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

713
 -
 -
 -
 -
713

 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

16
121,840
118,441
 -
 -
240,297

16
116,485
107,526
6,204
 -
 -
230,231

14
93,950
84,779
 -
 -
178,743

14
99,652
77,774
 -
 -
177,440

* Cash and cash equivalents have been presented with loans and receivables. 

** Financial liabilities are held at amortised cost.

Held for
trading
£000

Financial
liabilities**
£000

Other assets
and liabilities
£000

Total
£000

-
-
-
(1,466)
-
(1,466)

 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

 -
 -
 -
(1,466)
 -
(1,466)

 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

 -
 -
 -
(54,177)
 -
(54,177)

 -
 -
 -
 -
(40,338)
 -
(40,338)

 -
 -
 -
(35,547)
 -
(35,547)

 -
 -
 -
(23,885)
 -
(23,885)

-
3,002
-
(5,007)
(511,089)
(513,094)

833,390
124,842
118,441
(60,650)
(511,089)
504,934

 -
2,909
 -
 -
(4,277)
(580,062)
(581,430)

886,186
119,394
107,526
6,204
(44,615)
(580,062)
494,633

50,065
2,597
 -
(4,361)
(393,378)
(345,077)

682,549
96,547
84,779
(41,374)
(393,378)
429,123

50,065
2,587
 -
(3,262)
(446,922)
(397,532)

714,428
102,239
77,774
(27,147)
(446,922)
420,372

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

153

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
4 Financial risk and capital management (continued)

(b) Fair value hierarchy
The fair value measurement basis used to value those financial assets and financial liabilities held at fair value is categorised into a fair value
hierarchy as follows:

Level 1: fair values measured using quoted bid prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. This category includes
listed equities in active markets, listed debt securities in active markets and exchange-traded derivatives.

Level 2: fair values measured using inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either
directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices). This category includes listed debt or equity securities in a market that is not active
and derivatives that are not exchange-traded.

Level 3: fair values measured using inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). This
category includes unlisted debt and equities, including investments in venture capital, and suspended securities. Where a look-through valuation
approach is applied, underlying net asset values are sourced from the investee and adjusted to reflect illiquidity where appropriate, with the fair
values disclosed being directly sensitive to this input.

There have been no transfers between investment categories in the current year.

Analysis of fair value measurement bases

Group

At 31 December 2015
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Financial investments
   Equity securities
   Debt securities
   Derivatives
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

At 31 December 2014
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Financial investments
   Equity securities
   Debt securities
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Parent

At 31 December 2015
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Financial investments
   Equity securities
   Debt securities
   Derivatives
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

At 31 December 2014
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Financial investments
   Equity securities
   Debt securities
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

154

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

Fair value measurement at the
end of the reporting period based on
Level 1
£000

Level 2
£000

Level 3
£000

Total
£000

274,293
524,453
 -
798,746

221
2,289
713
3,223

31,218
187
 -
31,405

305,732
526,929
713
833,374

269,347
591,542
860,889

209
4,485
4,694

20,349
238
20,587

289,905
596,265
886,170

242,797
355,570
 -
598,367

221
1,765
713
2,699

31,217
187
 -
31,404

274,235
357,522
713
632,470

239,419
403,099
642,518

209
1,036
1,245

20,348
238
20,586

259,976
404,373
664,349

Fair value measurements based on level 3
Fair value measurements in level 3 for both the Group and Parent consist of financial assets, analysed as follows:

Group

At 31 December 2015
Opening balance
Total gains/(losses) recognised in profit or loss
Purchases
Closing balance
Total gains/(losses) for the period included in profit or loss for assets
held at the end of the reporting period

At 31 December 2014
Opening balance
Total gains/(losses) recognised in profit or loss
Closing balance
Total gains/(losses) for the period included in profit or loss for assets
held at the end of the reporting period

Parent

At 31 December 2015
Opening balance
Total gains/(losses) recognised in profit or loss
Purchases
Closing balance
Total gains/(losses) for the period included in profit or loss for assets
held at the end of the reporting period

At 31 December 2014
Opening balance
Total gains/(losses) recognised in profit or loss
Closing balance
Total gains/(losses) for the period included in profit or loss for assets
held at the end of the reporting period

Financial assets at fair value
through profit and loss

Equity
securities
£000

Debt
securities
£000

20,349
5,146
5,723
31,218

238
(51)
 -
187

Total
£000

20,587
5,095
5,723
31,405

5,146

(51)

5,095

19,390
959
20,349

959

20,348
5,146
5,723
31,217

317
(79)
238

(79)

19,707
880
20,587

880

238
(51)
 -
187

20,586
5,095
5,723
31,404

5,146

(51)

5,095

19,386
962
20,348

962

317
(79)
238

(79)

19,703
883
20,586

883

All the above gains or losses included in profit or loss for the period (for both the Group and Parent) are presented in net investment
return within the statement of profit or loss. 

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

155

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
4 Financial risk and capital management (continued)

The valuation techniques used for instruments categorised in levels 2 and 3 are described below.

Listed debt and equity securities not in active market (level 2)
These financial assets are valued using third-party pricing information that
management's knowledge of the markets. Where material, these valuations are reviewed by the Group Audit Committee.

is regularly reviewed and internally calibrated based on

Non-exchange-traded derivative contracts (level 2)
The Group's derivative contracts are not traded in active markets. Foreign currency forward contracts are valued using observable forward
exchange rates and interest rates corresponding to the maturity of the contract. Over-the-counter equity or index options and futures are valued
by reference to observable index prices. 

Unlisted equity securities (level 3)
These financial assets are valued using observable net asset data, adjusted for unobservable inputs including comparable price-to-book ratios
based on similar listed companies, and management's consideration of constituents as to what exit price might be obtainable. Where material,
these valuations are reviewed by the Group Audit Committee.

The valuation is most sensitive to the level of underlying net assets, the euro exchange rate, the price-to-book ratio chosen, an illiquidity
discount and a credit rating discount applied to the valuation to account for the risks associated with holding the asset. If the price-to-book
ratio, illiquidity discount and credit rating discount applied changes by +/-10%, the value of unlisted equity securities could move by +/-£3m.

The increase in value during the year is the result of an increase in underlying net assets and a decrease in the illiquidity margin applied to one
of the stocks. The illiquidity assumption was updated based on observable market inputs.

Unlisted debt (level 3)
Unlisted debt is valued using an adjusted net asset method whereby management uses a look-through approach to the underlying assets
supporting the loan, discounted using observable market interest rates of similar loans with similar risk, and allowing for unobservable future
transaction costs. Where material, these valuations are reviewed by the Group Audit Committee.

The valuation is most sensitive to the level of underlying net assets, but it is also sensitive to the interest rate used for discounting and the
projected date of disposal of the asset, with the exit costs sensitive to an expected return on capital of any purchaser and estimated transaction
costs. Reasonably likely changes in unobservable inputs used in the valuation would not have a significant impact on shareholders' equity or the
net result. 

The decrease in value during the year is primarily the result of a decrease in underlying net assets.

156

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

(c) Interest rate risk
The Group’s exposure to interest rate risk arises primarily from movements on financial investments that are measured at fair value and have
fixed interest rates, which represent a significant proportion of the Group’s assets, and from those insurance liabilities for which discounting is
applied at a market interest rate. Investment strategy is set in order to control the impact of interest rate risk on anticipated Group cash flows
and asset and liability values. The fair value of the Group's investment portfolio of fixed income securities reduces as market interest rates rise
as does the present value of discounted insurance liabilities, and vice versa.

Interest rate risk concentration is reduced by adopting asset-liability duration matching principles where appropriate. Excluding assets held to
back the long-term business, the average duration of the Group’s fixed income portfolio is two years (2014: two years), reflecting the relatively
short-term average duration of its general insurance liabilities. The mean term of discounted general insurance liabilities is disclosed in note 28
(a) part (iv).

For the Group’s long-term insurance funeral plan business, benefits payable to policyholders are independent of the returns generated by
interest-bearing assets. Therefore the interest rate risk on the invested assets supporting these liabilities is borne by the Group. This risk can be
mitigated by purchasing fixed interest investments with durations that precisely match the profile of the liabilities. For funeral plan policies,
benefits are linked to the Retail Prices Index (RPI). Assets backing these liabilities are also linked to the RPI, and include index-linked gilts and
corporate bonds. For practical purposes it is not possible to exactly match the durations due to the uncertain profile of liabilities (e.g. mortality
risk) and the availability of suitable assets, therefore some interest rate risk will persist. The Group monitors its exposure by comparing
projected cash flows for these assets and liabilities and making appropriate adjustments to its investment portfolio.

The table below summarises the maturities of long-term business assets and liabilities that are exposed to interest rate risk.

Group long-term business

At 31 December 2015
Assets
Debt securities
Cash and cash equivalents

Liabilities (discounted)
Long-term business provision

At 31 December 2014
Assets
Debt securities
Cash and cash equivalents

Liabilities (discounted)
Long-term business provision

Within
1 year
£000

6,065
2,648
8,713

Maturity
Between
1 & 5 years
£000

23,119
 -
23,119

After
5 years
£000

67,572
 -
67,572

Total
£000

96,756
2,648
99,404

6,354

21,976

57,092

85,422

1,053
1,924
2,977

24,311
 -
24,311

79,490
 -
79,490

104,854
1,924
106,778

6,014

21,816

66,494

94,324

Group financial investments with variable interest rates, including cash and cash equivalents, insurance instalment receivables and mortgage
loans are subject to cash flow interest rate risk. This risk is not significant to the Group.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

157

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
4 Financial risk and capital management (continued)

(d) Credit risk
The Group has exposure to credit risk, which is the risk of non-payment of their obligations by counterparties and financial markets borrowers.
Areas where the Group is exposed to credit risk are:

- 

- 

- 

- 

reinsurers’ share of insurance liabilities (excluding provision for unearned premiums) and amounts due from reinsurers in respect of
claims already paid;

deposits held with banks;

amounts due from insurance intermediaries and policyholders; and

counterparty default on loans and debt securities.

The carrying amount of financial and reinsurance assets represents the Group's maximum exposure to credit risk. The Group structures the
levels of credit risk it accepts by placing limits on its exposure to a single counterparty. Limits on the level of credit risk are regularly reviewed.

Reinsurance is used to manage insurance risk. This does not, however, discharge the Group's liability as primary insurer. If a reinsurer fails to
pay a claim for any reason, the Group remains liable for the payment to the policyholder. The creditworthiness of reinsurers is considered on a
regular basis through the year by reviewing their financial strength. The Group Reinsurance Security Committee assesses, monitors and
approves the creditworthiness of all reinsurers, reviewing relevant credit ratings provided by the recognised credit rating agencies, as well as
other publicly available data and market information. The Committee also monitors the balances outstanding from reinsurers and maintains an
approved list of reinsurers. 

There has been no significant change in the recoverability of the Group’s reinsurance balances during the year with all reinsurers on the 2015
reinsurance programme having a minimum rating of 'A-' from Standard & Poor’s or an equivalent agency at the time of purchase.

Group cash balances are regularly reviewed to identify the quality of the counterparty bank and to monitor and limit concentrations of risk.

The Group's credit risk policy details prescriptive methods for the collection of premiums and control of intermediary and policyholder debtor
balances. The level and age of debtor balances are regularly assessed via monthly credit management reports. These reports are scrutinised to
assess exposure in more than one region in respect of aged or outstanding balances. Any such balances are likely to be major international
brokers that are in turn monitored via credit reference agencies and considered to pose minimal risk of default. The Group has no material
concentration of credit risk in respect of amounts due from insurance intermediaries and policyholders due to the well-diversified spread of
such debtors.

is held over loans secured by mortgages. The debt securities portfolio consists of a range of mainly fixed interest instruments
Collateral
including government securities,
local authority issues, corporate loans and bonds, overseas bonds, preference shares and other interest-
bearing securities. Limits are imposed on the credit ratings of the corporate bond portfolio and exposures regularly monitored. Group
investments in unlisted securities represent less than 1% of this category in the current and prior year. The Group’s exposure to counterparty
default on debt securities is spread across a variety of geographical and economic territories, as follows:

2015

2014

Group
£000

381,087
73,429
52,350
15,876
4,187
526,929

Parent
£000

284,331
778
52,350
15,876
4,187
357,522

UK
Australia
Canada
Europe
Other
Total

Group
£000

424,480
87,037
60,162
24,586
 -
596,265

Parent
£000

319,625
 -
60,162
24,586
 -
404,373

UK
Australia
Canada
Europe
Other
Total

158

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

(e) Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that funds may not be available to pay obligations when due. The Group is exposed to daily calls on its available cash
resources mainly from claims arising from insurance contracts. An estimate of the timing of the net cash outflows resulting from insurance
contracts is provided in note 28. The Group has robust processes in place to manage liquidity risk and has available cash balances, other
readily marketable assets and access to funding in case of exceptional need. This is not considered to be a significant risk to the Group.

Non-derivative financial liabilities consist of finance leases, which are not material to the Group, and other liabilities for which a maturity analysis
is included in note 31.

(f) Currency risk
The Group operates internationally and its main exposures to foreign exchange risk are noted below. The Group's foreign operations generally
invest in assets and purchase reinsurance denominated in the same currencies as their insurance liabilities, which mitigates the foreign
currency exchange rate risk for these operations. As a result, foreign exchange risk arises from recognised assets and liabilities denominated in
other currencies and net investments in foreign operations. The Group mitigates this risk through the use of derivatives when considered
necessary.

The Group exposure to foreign currency risk within the investment portfolios arises from purchased investments that are denominated in
currencies other than sterling.

The Group's foreign operations create two sources of foreign currency risk:

- 

the operating results of the Group's foreign branches and subsidiaries in the Group financial statements are translated at the average
exchange rates prevailing during the period; and

- 

the equity investment in foreign branches and subsidiaries is translated into sterling using the exchange rate at the year end date.

The largest currency exposures with reference to net assets/liabilities are shown below, representing effective diversification of resources.

2015

2014

Group
£000

45,431
32,544
19,598
2,598
2,125

Parent
£000

6,839
32,544
19,598
2,598
2,125

Aus $
Can $
Euro
USD $
NZ $

Aus $
Can $
Euro
NZ $
Japanese Yen

Group
£000

45,571
34,757
14,625
10,969
1,047

Parent
£000

2,614
34,757
14,625
10,969
1,047

(g) Equity price risk
The Group is exposed to equity price risk because of financial investments held by the Group which are stated at fair value through profit or
loss. The Group mitigates this risk by holding a diversified portfolio across geographical regions and market sectors, and through the use of
derivative contracts from time to time which would limit losses in the event of a fall in equity markets.

The concentration of equity price risk by geographical listing, before the mitigating effect of derivatives, to which the Group and Parent are
exposed is as follows:

2015

2014

Group
£000

269,724
31,440
2,257
2,139
172
305,732

Parent
£000

238,227
31,440
2,257
2,139
172
274,235

UK
Europe
Canada
US
Other
Total

Group
£000

264,716
20,442
2,583
1,950
214
289,905

Parent
£000

234,787
20,442
2,583
1,950
214
259,976

UK
Europe
Canada
US
Other
Total

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

159

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
4 Financial risk and capital management (continued)

(h) Market risk sensitivity analysis
The sensitivity of profit and other equity reserves to movements on market risk variables (comprising interest rate, currency and equity price risk),
each considered in isolation, is shown in the table below. This table does not include the impact of variables on retirement benefit schemes.
Financial risk sensitivities for retirement benefit schemes are disclosed separately in Note 19.

Group

Variable

Interest rate risk

Currency risk

Equity price risk

Parent

Variable

Interest rate risk

Currency risk

Equity price risk

Change in
variable

-100 basis points
+100 basis points
-10%
+10%
+/-10%

Change in
variable

-100 basis points
+100 basis points
-10%
+10%
+/-10%

Potential increase/
(decrease) in profit

2015
£000

(6,377)
2,154
3,627
(2,968)
24,382

2014
£000

(4,284)
1,243
2,930
(2,397)
22,758

Potential increase/
(decrease) in profit

2015
£000

(5,786)
3,524
3,628
(2,968)
21,870

2014
£000

(1,583)
299
2,930
(2,397)
20,408

Potential increase/
(decrease) in
other equity reserves

2015
£000

(29)
29
7,052
(5,770)
 -

2014
£000

(15)
18
8,010
(6,554)
 -

Potential increase/
(decrease) in
other equity reserves

2015
£000

(33)
33
2,764
(2,262)
 -

2014
£000

 -
5
3,237
(2,649)
 -

The following assumptions have been made in preparing the above sensitivity analysis:

- 

the value of fixed income investments will vary inversely with changes in interest rates, and all territories experience the same interest
rate movement;

- 

currency gains and losses will arise from a change in the value of sterling against all other currencies moving in parallel;

-  equity prices will move by the same percentage across all territories; and

- 

change in profit is stated net of tax at the standard rate applicable in each of the Group's territories.

(i) Capital management
The Group's primary objectives when managing capital are to:

- 

- 

comply with the regulators' capital requirements of the markets in which the Group operates; and

safeguard the Group's ability to continue to meet stakeholders' expectations in accordance with its corporate mission, vision and values.

The Group is subject to insurance solvency regulations in all the territories in which it issues insurance and investment contracts, and capital is
managed and evaluated on the basis of regulatory capital.

In the UK, the Group and its UK regulated entities are required to comply with rules issued by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and the
Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA), and submit PRA returns detailing levels of regulatory capital held. Regulatory capital should be in excess
of the higher of two amounts. The first is an amount which is calculated by applying fixed percentages to premiums and claims (general
insurance business) or by applying fixed percentages to insurance liabilities and applying stress testing (long-term business). The second is an
economic capital assessment by the regulated entity, which the PRA reviews and may amend by issuing Individual Capital Guidance. The Group
sets internal capital standards above the PRA's minimum requirement. For overseas business the relevant capital requirement is the minimum
requirement under the local regulatory regime. Both the Group and the regulated entities within it have complied with all externally imposed
capital requirements throughout the current and prior year. With effect from 1 January 2016 a new Europe-wide regulatory capital regime
(Solvency II) has been adopted by the PRA. The Group is well placed to comply with the new Solvency II reporting requirements and has
separately calculated its capital requirement under the new regime. The Group holds capital resources in excess of its expected Solvency II
capital requirement and its internal capital standard will continue to be set above the PRA's minimum requirement.

Regulated subsidiaries are restricted in the amount of cash dividends they transfer to the parent entity in order for them to meet their individual
minimum capital requirements. The Group's total available capital resources are disclosed in note 28 (b).

160

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

5 Segment information

(a) Operating segments
The Group segments its business activities on the basis of differences in the products and services offered and, for general insurance, the
underwriting territory. Expenses relating to Group management activities are included within 'Corporate costs'. This reflects the management
and internal Group reporting structure. Group activities that are not reportable operating segments on the basis of size are included within an
'Other activities' category. Changes have been made to segments during 2015 as follows:

-  The United Kingdom and Ireland segments have been combined on the basis of their similar economic characteristics, products and

customer base.

-  Corporate costs which were previously included in 'Central operations' have been identified as a discrete segment and the definition of

corporate costs has been widened during the period.

-  The 'Central operations' segment has been renamed 'Other insurance operations'.

The prior period has been restated to the revised basis.

The activities of each operating segment are described below.

- General business

United Kingdom and Ireland
The Group's principal general insurance business operation is in the UK, where it operates under the Ecclesiastical and Ansvar brands.
The Group also operates an Ecclesiastical branch in the Republic of Ireland underwriting general business across the whole of Ireland.

Australia
The Group has a wholly-owned subsidiary in Australia underwriting general insurance business under the Ansvar brand.

Canada
The Group operates a general insurance Ecclesiastical branch in Canada.

Other insurance operations
This includes the Group's internal reinsurance function, adverse development cover sold to ACS (NZ) Limited and operations that are in
run-off or not reportable due to their immateriality.

-  Investment management

The Group provides investment management services both internally and to third parties through EdenTree Investment Management
Limited.

-  Broking and Advisory

The Group provides insurance broking through South Essex Insurance Brokers Limited and financial advisory services through
Ecclesiastical Financial Advisory Services Limited. 

-  Life business

Ecclesiastical Life Limited provides long-term insurance policies to support funeral planning products. It is closed to new business.

-  Corporate costs

This includes costs associated with Group management activities.

-  Other activities

This includes costs relating to acquisition of businesses.

Inter-segment and inter-territory transfers or transactions are entered into under normal commercial terms and conditions that would also be
available to unrelated third parties.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

161

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
5 Segment information (continued)

Segment revenue
The Group uses gross written premiums as the measure for turnover of the general and life insurance business segments. Turnover of the non-
insurance segments comprises fees and commissions earned in relation to services provided by the Group to third parties. Segment revenues
do not include net investment return or general business fee and commission income, which are reported within revenue in the consolidated
statement of profit or loss. 

Gross
written
premiums
£000

228,056
37,451
39,907
2,672
308,086
113
 -
 -
308,199

2015

Non-
insurance
services
£000

 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
11,394
9,586
20,980

Total
£000

228,056
37,451
39,907
2,672
308,086
113
11,394
9,586
329,179

(restated)
2014

Non-
insurance
services
£000

 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
12,045
9,865
21,910

Gross
written
premiums
£000

245,528
40,083
39,365
3,654
328,630
167
 -
 -
328,797

Total
£000

245,528
40,083
39,365
3,654
328,630
167
12,045
9,865
350,707

General business
   United Kingdom and Ireland
   Australia
   Canada
   Other insurance operations
Total
Life business
Investment management
Broking and Advisory
Group revenue 

Group revenues are not materially concentrated on any single external customer.

Segment result
General business segment results comprise the insurance underwriting profit or loss,
investment activities and other expenses of each
underwriting territory. The Group uses the industry standard net combined operating ratio (COR) as a measure of underwriting efficiency. The
COR expresses the total of net claims costs, commission and underwriting expenses as a percentage of net earned premiums.

The life business segment result comprises the profit or loss on insurance contracts (including return on assets backing liabilities in the long-
term fund), shareholder investment return and other expenses. 

All other segment results consist of the profit or loss before tax measured in accordance with IFRS.

2015

General business
   United Kingdom and Ireland
   Australia
   Canada
   Other insurance operations

Life business
Investment management
Broking and Advisory
Corporate costs
Profit before tax

Combined
operating
ratio

90.4%
102.3%
96.5%

92.0%

Insurance
£000

Investments
£000

14,454
(370)
1,017
792
15,893
1,001
 -
 -
 -
16,894

34,683
2,468
1,090
 -
38,241
2,161
1,812
 -
 -
42,214

Other
£000

4
(96)
 -
 -
(92)
(4)
 -
1,934
(7,341)
(5,503)

Total
£000

49,141
2,002
2,107
792
54,042
3,158
1,812
1,934
(7,341)
53,605

162

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

2014 (restated)

General business
   United Kingdom and Ireland
   Australia
   Canada
   Other insurance operations

Life business
Investment management
Broking and Advisory
Corporate costs
Other activities
Profit before tax

Combined
operating
ratio

94.0%
106.2%
94.2%

95.2%

Insurance
£000

Investments
£000

10,359
(1,129)
1,662
(172)
10,720
(178)
 -
 -
 -
 -
10,542

23,648
7,619
1,598
 -
32,865
1,522
3,164
 -
 -
 -
37,551

Other
£000

70
(139)
 -
 -
(69)
(4)
 -
2,071
(1,521)
(416)
61

Total
£000

34,077
6,351
3,260
(172)
43,516
1,340
3,164
2,071
(1,521)
(416)
48,154

(b) Geographical information
Gross written premiums from external customers and non-current assets, as attributed to individual countries in which the Group operates, are
as follows:

United Kingdom and Ireland
Australia
Canada

2015

Gross
written
premiums
£000

230,841
37,451
39,907
308,199

Non-current
assets
£000

153,674
190
3,154
157,018

(restated)
2014

Gross
written
premiums
£000

249,349
40,083
39,365
328,797

Non-current
assets
£000

123,971
257
2,407
126,635

Gross written premiums are allocated based on the country in which the insurance contracts are issued. Non-current assets exclude
rights arising under insurance contracts, deferred tax assets, pension assets and financial
instruments and are allocated based on
where the assets are located.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

163

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

6 Net insurance premium revenue

For the year ended 31 December 2015
Gross written premiums
Outward reinsurance premiums
Net written premiums

Change in the gross provision for unearned premiums
Change in the provision for unearned premiums, reinsurers' share
Change in the net provision for unearned premiums

General
business
£000

Long-term
business
£000

308,086
(113,115)
194,971

3,889
788
4,677

113
 -
113

 -
 -
 -

Total
£000

308,199
(113,115)
195,084

3,889
788
4,677

Earned premiums, net of reinsurance

199,648

113

199,761

For the year ended 31 December 2014
Gross written premiums
Outward reinsurance premiums
Net written premiums

Change in the gross provision for unearned premiums
Change in the provision for unearned premiums, reinsurers' share
Change in the net provision for unearned premiums

328,630
(135,132)
193,498

23,651
7,527
31,178

167
 -
167

 -
 -
 -

328,797
(135,132)
193,665

23,651
7,527
31,178

Earned premiums, net of reinsurance

224,676

167

224,843

7 Net investment return

Income from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
- equity income
- debt income
Income from financial assets not at fair value through profit or loss
- interest income on mortgages and other loans
- cash and cash equivalents income, net of exchange movements
- other income received
Other income
- rental income
Investment income
Fair value movements on financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss
Fair value movements on investment property
Net investment return

2015
£000

8,720
20,510

26
(154)
1,412

4,977
35,491
2,892
4,845
43,228

2014
£000

8,575
22,936

327
50
1,573

3,818
37,279
6,459
2,459
46,197

Included within cash and cash equivalents income are exchange losses of £1,405,000 (2014: £1,346,000 losses).

Included within fair value movements on financial
losses) in respect of derivatives classified as held for trading.

instruments at fair value through profit or loss are £2,133,000 gains (2014: £158,000

164

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

8 Claims and change in insurance liabilities and reinsurance recoveries

General
business
£000

Long-term
business
£000

For the year ended 31 December 2015
Gross claims paid
Gross change in the provision for claims
Gross change in long-term business provisions
Claims and change in insurance liabilities

Reinsurers' share of claims paid
Reinsurers' share of change in the provision for claims
Reinsurance recoveries

Claims and change in insurance liabilities, net of reinsurance

For the year ended 31 December 2014
Gross claims paid
Gross change in the provision for claims
Gross change in long-term business provisions
Claims and change in insurance liabilities

Reinsurers' share of claims paid
Reinsurers' share of change in the provision for claims
Reinsurance recoveries

167,364
(1,448)
 -
165,916

(50,721)
(16,204)
(66,925)

98,991

188,263
(13)
 -
188,250

(43,034)
(19,272)
(62,306)

Total
£000

174,263
(1,445)
(8,902)
163,916

(50,721)
(16,204)
(66,925)

6,899
3
(8,902)
(2,000)

 -
 -
 -

(2,000)

96,991

7,016
26
1,878
8,920

 -
 -
 -

195,279
13
1,878
197,170

(43,034)
(19,272)
(62,306)

Claims and change in insurance liabilities, net of reinsurance

125,944

8,920

134,864

9 Fees, commissions and other acquisition costs

Fees paid
Commission paid
Change in deferred acquisition costs
Other acquisition costs
Fees, commissions and other acquisition costs

2015
£000

665
45,086
1,754
13,697
61,202

2014
£000

533
51,886
3,327
15,067
70,813

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

165

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

10 Profit for the year

Profit for the year has been arrived at after charging/(crediting)
Net foreign exchange losses
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Loss/(profit) on disposal of property, plant and equipment
Amortisation of intangible assets
Increase in fair value of investment property
Employee benefits expense including termination benefits
Operating lease rentals

11 Auditor's remuneration

Fees payable to the Company's auditor for the audit of the Company's annual accounts

Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and its associates for other services:
- The audit of the Company's subsidiaries
Total audit fees

- Audit-related assurance services
- Other assurance services
Total non-audit fees

Total auditor's remuneration

2015
£000

1,405
1,708
16
1,333
(4,845)
63,606
3,391

2015
£000

292

119
411

86
6
92

503

2014
£000

1,346
1,638
(32)
1,684
(2,459)
62,683
3,576

2014
£000

247

102
349

84
6
90

439

Amounts disclosed are net of services taxes, where applicable. Audit-related assurance services include Prudential Regulatory Authority
and other regulatory audit work. 

Fees payable to the Company's auditor in respect of the audit of the Group's associated pension plans amounted to £17,000 (2014:
£15,000). 

166

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

12 Employee information

The average monthly number of full-time equivalent employees of the Group, including executive directors, during the year by geographical 
location was: 

2015

Long-term
business
No.

1
 -
 -
1

General
business
No.

709
92
68
869

(restated)
2014
Long-term
business
No.

1
 -
 -
1

General
business
No.

724
101
63
888

Other
No.

127
 -
 -
127

Other
No.

116
 -
 -
116

United Kingdom and Ireland
Australia
Canada

Average numbers of full-time equivalent employees have been quoted rather than average numbers of employees to give a better 
reflection of the split between business areas, as some employees work is divided between more than one business area.  

Wages and salaries
Social security costs
Pension costs - defined contribution plans
Pension costs - defined benefit plans
Other post-employment benefits

2015
£000

52,204
4,539
2,734
2,770
459
62,706

2014
£000

53,479
4,469
2,696
1,465
551
62,660

The above figures do not include termination benefits of £900,000 (2014: £23,000). 

The remuneration of the directors (including non-executive directors), who are the key management personnel of the Group, is set out both
individually and in aggregate within the Group Remuneration Report in the Corporate Governance section of this report.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

167

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

13 Tax expense

Current tax

Deferred tax

Total tax expense

- current year
- prior years
- temporary differences
- prior years
- reduction in tax rate

2015
£000

7,771
474
2,421
2
(3,680)
6,988

2014
£000

11,063
(3,716)
14
476
 -
7,837

Tax on the Group’s result before tax differs from the United Kingdom standard rate of corporation tax for the reasons set out in the following
reconciliation: 

Profit before tax

Tax calculated at the UK standard rate of tax of 20.25% (2014: 21.5%)

Factors affecting charge for the year:
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes
Non-taxable income
Life insurance and other tax paid at non-standard rates
Utilisation of tax losses for which no deferred tax asset has been recognised
Impact of reduction in deferred tax rate
Adjustments to tax charge in respect of prior periods
Total tax expense

2015
£000

53,605

10,853

450
(979)
71
(203)
(3,680)
476
6,988

2014
£000

48,154

10,353

(245)
(1,849)
424
(116)
 -
(730)
7,837

A deferred tax credit on fair value movements on owner-occupied property of £22,000 (2014: £10,000 credit) and tax relief on charitable
grants of £4,050,000 (2014: £5,053,000) are taken directly to equity.

A change in the UK standard rate of corporation tax from 21% to 20% became effective from 1 April 2015. Where appropriate, current tax has
been provided at the blended rate of 20.25%. A further reduction in the rate of corporation tax to 19% will become effective from April 2017,
reducing again to 18% effective from April 2020. These changes were substantively enacted on 18 November 2015. Deferred tax has been
provided at an average rate of 18.2% (2014: 20%).

14 Appropriations

Amounts recognised as distributions to equity holders in the period:

Dividends
Non-Cumulative Irredeemable Preference share dividend

Charitable grants
Gross charitable grants to the ultimate parent company, Allchurches Trust Limited
Tax relief
Net appropriation for the year

2015
£000

2014
£000

9,181

9,181

20,000
(4,050)
15,950

23,500
(5,053)
18,447

168

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

15 Acquisition of business

On 15 April 2014, South Essex Insurance Brokers Limited acquired the assets of Lansdown Insurance Brokers (hereafter referred to as
Lansdown). Lansdown is an insurance broker across a variety of classes of business, with a particular specialism in blocks of flats and
apartments and high net worth homes. Lansdown was acquired as part of the Group's strategy to identify new market sectors in which to grow,
either organically or through acquisition, and is included within the Broking and Advisory segment in note 5.

The amounts recognised in respect of the identifiable assets acquired are as set out in the table below.

Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets
Total identifiable assets
Goodwill
Total consideration

Satisfied by:
Cash
Contingent consideration arrangement
Total consideration

£000

12
1,166
1,178
4,392
5,570

5,000
570
5,570

The contingent consideration arrangement required £2,100,000 of retained commission income to be received for the twelve months to 15
April 2015, with the potential amount of the future payment that the Group could be required to make being between £nil and £1,000,000.

In 2014, the fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated to be £570,000 based on commission forecasts, without discounting as
the payment was payable after exactly one year from the date of acquisition. The actual contingent consideration paid in 2015 was £587,000.

16 Disposal of business

On 20 January 2015, Ecclesiastical Financial Advisory Services Limited entered into an agreement to transfer its mortgage business to
Holmesdale Building Society. The transfer was completed on 1 February 2015.

The net assets at the date of disposal were:

Financial investments

Consideration and costs of sale:

Cash received
Contingent consideration arrangement
Sale costs and related net expenses
Loss on disposal

£000

6,084

(5,260)
(824)
19
19

The net cash inflow arising on disposal was £5,260,000.

The contingent consideration is deferred over the next seven years and is dependent on the development of the mortgage book.

At the prior year end date, the assets were classified as held for sale (see note 26).

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

169

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

17 Goodwill and other intangible assets

Group

Cost
At 1 January 2015
Additions
Disposals
Exchange differences
At 31 December 2015
Accumulated impairment losses and amortisation
At 1 January 2015
Amortisation charge for the year
Impairment losses for the year
Disposals
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2015

Net book value at 31 December 2015

Cost (restated)
At 1 January 2014
Additions
Acquisition
Disposals
Exchange differences
At 31 December 2014
Accumulated impairment losses and amortisation (restated)
At 1 January 2014
Amortisation charge for the year
Impairment losses for the year
Disposals
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2014

Net book value at 31 December 2014

Computer
software
£000

Other
intangible
assets
£000

20,698
1,817
(1,799)
(428)
20,288

16,414
1,203
 -
(1,788)
(125)
15,704

4,584

22,540
1,548
 -
(3,348)
(42)
20,698

18,587
1,176
 -
(3,329)
(20)
16,414

4,284

5,084
 -
 -
 -
5,084

4,010
130
 -
 -
 -
4,140

944

3,918
 -
1,166
 -
 -
5,084

3,502
508
 -
 -
 -
4,010

1,074

Goodwill
£000

23,779
 -
 -
 -
23,779

139
 -
64
 -
 -
203

23,576

19,387
 -
4,392
 -
 -
23,779

72
 -
67
 -
 -
139

23,640

Total
£000

49,561
1,817
(1,799)
(428)
49,151

20,563
1,333
64
(1,788)
(125)
20,047

29,104

45,845
1,548
5,558
(3,348)
(42)
49,561

22,161
1,684
67
(3,329)
(20)
20,563

28,998

£16,885,000 of the goodwill balance in the current and prior year relates to the acquisition of South Essex Insurance Holdings Limited during
2008. £4,392,000 of the balance relates to the acquisition of Lansdown Insurance Brokers Limited during the prior year (see note 15). The
recoverable amounts, determined on a value in use basis, indicate no impairment has arisen. The calculation uses cash flow projections based
on management-approved business plans, covering a three-year period, with forecast annual cash flows at the end of the planning period
continuing thereafter in perpetuity at the UK long-term average growth rate of 2.3% (2014: 2.3%), sourced from the Office for Budget
Responsibility. The discount rate of 11% reflects the way that the market would assess the specific risks associated with the estimated cash
flows (2014: 12%).

Assumptions used are consistent with historical experience within the business acquired and external sources of information. The headroom
above the goodwill carrying value is significant and reasonably possible changes to the key assumptions do not result in impairment.

Other intangible assets consist of acquired brand, customer and distribution relationships, which have an overall remaining useful life of two
years on a weighted average basis.

170

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

Parent

Cost
At 1 January 2015
Additions
Disposals
Exchange differences
At 31 December 2015
Amortisation
At 1 January 2015
Charge for the year
Disposals
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2015

Net book value at 31 December 2015

Cost
At 1 January 2014
Additions
Disposals
Exchange differences
At 31 December 2014
Amortisation
At 1 January 2014
Charge for the year
Disposals
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2014

Net book value at 31 December 2014

18 Deferred acquisition costs

At 1 January
Increase in the period
Release in the period
Exchange differences 
At 31 December

All balances are current.

Computer
software
£000

19,629
1,392
(1,462)
(418)
19,141

15,399
1,116
(1,462)
(118)
14,935

4,206

19,873
1,547
(1,741)
(50)
19,629

16,078
1,092
(1,741)
(30)
15,399

4,230

2015

2014

Group
£000

31,117
28,626
(30,380)
(969)
28,394

Parent
£000

26,974
24,831
(26,501)
(722)
24,582

Group
£000

34,757
31,267
(34,594)
(313)
31,117

Parent
£000

30,542
26,964
(30,341)
(191)
26,974

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

171

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

19 Retirement benefit schemes

Defined benefit pension plans
The Group's main plan is a defined benefit plan operated by the Parent for UK employees, which includes two discrete sections, the EIO
Section and Ansvar Section. The assets of the plan are held separately from those of the Group by the Trustee of the Ecclesiastical Insurance
Office plc Staff Retirement Benefit Fund (the 'Fund'). The Fund is subject to the Statutory Funding Objective under the Pensions Act 2004. An
independent qualified actuary appointed by the Trustee is responsible for undertaking triennial valuations to determine whether the Statutory
Funding Objective is met. Pension costs for the plan are determined by the Trustee, having considered the advice of the actuary and having
consulted with the employer. The most recent triennial valuation was at 31 December 2013. Actuarial valuations were reviewed and updated by
the actuary at 31 December 2015 for IAS 19 (R) purposes. In the current year, the IAS 19 (R) surplus in the scheme has been restricted in
accordance with International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee 14 (IFRIC 14).

The Parent is also the sponsoring employer for the Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc Pension and Life Assurance Scheme (EIOPLA). This is a
defined benefit scheme that has been closed to new entrants since 1 July 1998, providing benefits to pensioners of Methodist Insurance plc, a
company with a similar culture and whose insurance risks, excluding terrorism, are fully reinsured by the Parent. The assets of the scheme are
held separately from those of the Parent. The most recent triennial valuation was at 31 December 2013. The scheme had not previously been
reported within the Group accounts, and was therefore shown as a transfer in, in the prior year.

On 30 June 2015, formal notice was given to the Trustee of the Ecclesiastical
Insurance Office plc Pension & Life Assurance Scheme
(EIOPLA) to wind up the defined benefit pension scheme. The wind-up formally commenced on 1 July 2015. On 18 December 2015, the
scheme’s defined benefit obligations were discharged, resulting in nil obligations at the year end date. The wind-up is expected to complete in
the first half of 2016. In the prior year, the IAS 19 (R) surplus in the scheme was derecognised in full due to the uncertainty of its recoverability.
In the current year, part of the IAS 19 (R) surplus has been recognised in line with the amount of surplus that the Parent expects to receive
when the scheme wind-up is completed in 2016.

The Irish defined benefit plan closed on 31 March 2014 and was accounted for as a curtailment and settlement in the prior year.

The plans typically expose the Group to risks such as: 

-

-

-

-

Investment risk: The Fund holds some of its investments in asset classes, such as equities, which have volatile market values and, while these
assets are expected to provide the best returns over the long term, any short-term volatility could cause additional funding to be required if a
deficit emerges. Derivative contracts are used from time to time, which would limit losses in the event of a fall in equity markets.

Interest rate risk: Scheme liabilities are assessed using market rates of interest to discount the liabilities and are therefore subject to any
volatility in the movement of the market rate of interest. The net interest income or expense recognised in profit or loss is also calculated
using the market rate of interest.

Inflation risk: A significant proportion of scheme benefits are linked to inflation. Although scheme assets are expected to provide a good
hedge against inflation over the long term, movements over the short term could lead to a deficit emerging.

Mortality risk: In the event that members live longer than assumed the liabilities may be understated originally, and a deficit may emerge if
funding has not adequately provided for the increased life expectancy.

The Group's main defined benefit plan is now closed to new entrants but remains open to future accrual. The Group operates a number of
defined contribution pension plans, for which contributions by the Group are disclosed in note 12.

172

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

Group and Parent

The amounts recognised in the statement of financial position are determined as follows:
Present value of funded obligations 
Fair value of plan assets 

Restrictions on asset recognised
Net asset in the statement of financial position

Movements in the net asset recognised in the statement of financial position are as follows:
At 1 January
Exchange differences
Expense charged to profit or loss*
Amounts recognised in other comprehensive income
Contributions paid 
At 31 December

The amounts recognised through profit or loss are as follows:
Current service cost
Administration cost
Interest expense on liabilities
Interest income on plan assets 
Gains on settlements/curtailments
Total, included in employee benefits expense

The amounts recognised in the statement of other comprehensive income are as follows:
Return on plan assets, excluding interest income
Experience gains on liabilities
Gains from changes in demographic assumptions
Gains/(losses) from changes in financial assumptions
Change in asset ceiling
Total included in other comprehensive income

2015
£000

2014
£000

(276,562)
294,498
17,936
(7,283)
10,653

(277,459)
298,840
21,381
(563)
20,818

20,818
 -
(3,305)
(9,462)
2,602
10,653

3,645
342
10,125
(10,962)
155
3,305

(8,594)
197
 -
5,655
(6,720)
(9,462)

32,288
22
(1,894)
(12,693)
3,095
20,818

3,516
392
11,549
(13,151)
(412)
1,894

2,391
5,569
5,273
(26,051)
125
(12,693)

* Charge to profit or loss includes £535,000 (2014: £429,000) in respect of member salary sacrifice contributions and costs ultimately
borne by related parties.

The following is the analysis of the defined benefit pension balances for financial reporting purposes:

Group and Parent

Pension assets
Pension liabilities

2015
£000

10,893
(240)
10,653

2014
£000

21,068
(250)
20,818

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

173

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
19 Retirement benefit schemes (continued)

The principal actuarial assumptions (expressed as weighted averages) were as follows: 

Discount rate 
Inflation (RPI)
Inflation (CPI)
Future salary increases 
Future increase in pensions in deferment
Future pension increases (linked to RPI)
Future pension increases (linked to CPI)

2015
%

3.80
3.10
2.10
4.60
2.10
3.10
2.10

2014
%

3.70
3.10
2.10
4.60
2.10
3.11
2.10

Mortality rate

2015

2014

The average life expectancy in years of a pensioner retiring at age 65, at the year end date, is as 
follows: 
Male
Female

The average life expectancy in years of a pensioner retiring at age 65, 20 years after the year end 
date, is as follows: 
Male
Female

Plan assets are weighted as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents

Equity instruments
   UK quoted
   Overseas quoted

Debt instruments
   UK public sector quoted - fixed interest
   UK non-public sector quoted - fixed interest
   UK quoted - index-linked

Property

The actual return on plan assets was a gain of £2,368,000 (2014: gain of £15,542,000). 

24.0
25.6

26.3
27.9

23.7
25.3

26.0
27.6

2015
%

2014
%

3

24
23
47

2
20
14
36

14

5

25
25
50

2
18
15
35

10

100

100

174

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

The movements in the fair value of plan assets and the present value of the defined benefit obligation over the year are as follows: 

Plan assets
At 1 January
Transfer in
Interest income
Return on plan assets, excluding interest income
Pension benefits paid and payable
Contributions paid
Assets distributed on settlements
Exchange differences 
At 31 December

Defined benefit obligation
At 1 January
Transfer in
Current service cost
Administration cost
Interest cost
Pension benefits paid and payable
Experience gains on liabilities
Gains from changes in demographic assumptions
(Gains)/losses from changes in financial assumptions
Liabilities extinguished on settlements/curtailments
Exchange differences 
At 31 December

Asset ceiling
At 1 January
Transfer in
Change in asset ceiling
At 31 December

History of plan assets and liabilities

Present value of defined benefit obligations
Fair value of plan assets

Restrictions on asset recognised
Surplus

2015
£000

(276,562)
294,498
17,936
(7,283)
10,653

2014
£000

(277,459)
298,840
21,381
(563)
20,818

2013
£000

(255,604)
287,892
32,288
 -
32,288

2015
£000

2014
£000

298,840
 -
10,962
(8,594)
(7,113)
2,602
(2,199)
 -
294,498

277,459
 -
3,645
342
10,125
(7,113)
(197)
 -
(5,655)
(2,044)
 -
276,562

563
 -
6,720
7,283

2012
£000

287,892
2,947
13,151
2,391
(6,079)
3,095
(4,416)
(141)
298,840

255,604
2,259
3,516
392
11,549
(6,079)
(5,569)
(5,273)
26,051
(4,828)
(163)
277,459

 -
688
(125)
563

2011
£000

(225,164)
261,685
36,521
 -
36,521

(199,087)
234,314
35,227
 -
35,227

The weighted average duration of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period is 23 years (2014: 23 years). 

The contribution expected to be paid by the Group during the year ending 31 December 2016 is £2.5 million. 

Significant actuarial assumptions for the determination of the defined benefit obligation are discount rate, inflation, expected salary increases
and mortality. The sensitivity analysis below has been determined based on reasonably possible changes in the assumptions occurring at the
end of the reporting period assuming that all other assumptions are held constant.  

Assumption

Change in assumption

Impact on plan liabilities

2015

2014

Discount rate
Inflation
Salary increase
Life expectancy

Increase/decrease by 0.5%
Increase/decrease by 0.5%
Increase/decrease by 0.5%
Increase/decrease by 1 year

Decrease/increase by 10%/12%
Increase/decrease by 10%/9%
Increase/decrease by 3%
Increase/decrease by 3%

Decrease/increase by 10%/12%
Increase/decrease by 10%/9%
Increase/decrease by 3%
Increase/decrease by 3%

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

175

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
19 Retirement benefit schemes (continued)

Post-employment medical benefits
The Parent operates a post-employment medical benefit plan, for which it chooses to self-insure. The method of accounting, assumptions and
the frequency of valuation are similar to those used for the defined benefit pension plans.

The provision of the plan leads to a number of risks as follows: 

-

-

-

-

Interest rate risk: The reserves are assessed using market rates of interest to discount the liabilities and are therefore subject to volatility in
the movement of the market rates of interest. A reduction in the market rate of interest would lead to an increase in the reserves required to
be held.

Medical expense assumption: Claims experience can be volatile, exposing the Company to the risk of being required to pay over and above
the assumed reserve. If future claims experience differs significantly from that experienced in previous years this will increase the risk to the
Company.

Spouse and widows' contributions: The self-insured benefit includes a potential liability for members who pay contributions in respect of their
spouse and for widows who pay contributions. There is the possibility that the contributions charged may not be sufficient to cover the
medical costs that fall due. 

Mortality risk: If members live longer than expected, the Company is exposed to the expense of medical claims for a longer period, with
increased likelihood of needing to pay claims.

The amounts recognised in the statement of financial position are determined as follows: 

Group and Parent

Present value of unfunded obligations and net obligations in the statement of financial position

Movements in the net obligations recognised in the statement of financial position are as 
follows: 
At 1 January
Total expense charged to profit or loss
Net actuarial (gains)/losses during the year, recognised in other comprehensive income
Benefits paid 

At 31 December

The amounts recognised through profit or loss are as follows:
Current service cost
Interest cost 

Total, included in employee benefits expense

2015
£000

9,193

12,547
459
(3,653)
(160)
9,193

 -
459
459

2014
£000

12,547

11,744
551
491
(239)
12,547

33
518
551

The weighted average duration of the net obligations at the end of the reporting period is 19 years (2014: 22 years). 

The main actuarial assumptions for the plan are a long-term increase in medical costs of 9.1% (2014: 12.0%) and a discount rate of 3.8%
(2014: 3.7%). The reduction in medical cost inflation is the result of a change in the calculation methodology following actuarial advice
received. The change in methodology generated an actuarial gain of £3.5m. The sensitivity analysis below has been determined based on
reasonably possible changes in the assumptions occurring at the end of the accounting period assuming that all other assumptions are held
constant.  

Assumption

Change in assumption

Impact on plan liabilities

2015

2014

Discount rate
Medical expense inflation
Life expectancy

Increase/decrease by 0.5%
Increase/decrease by 1.0%
Increase/decrease by 1 year

Decrease/increase by 8%/10%
Increase/decrease by 19%/15%
Increase/decrease by 9%/8%

Decrease/increase by 10%/11%
Increase/decrease by 23%/18%
Increase/decrease by 11%/8%

176

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

20 Property, plant and equipment

Group

Cost or valuation
At 1 January 2015
Additions
Disposals
Revaluation
Exchange differences
At 31 December 2015
Depreciation
At 1 January 2015
Charge for the year
Disposals
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2015

2,595
 -
(225)
170
 -
2,540

 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

Net book value at 31 December 2015

2,540

Cost or valuation
At 1 January 2014
Additions
Acquisition
Disposals
Revaluation
Exchange differences
At 31 December 2014
Depreciation
At 1 January 2014
Charge for the year
Disposals
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2014

3,065
 -
 -
(504)
30
4
2,595

 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

Net book value at 31 December 2014

2,595

Land and
buildings
£000

Motor
vehicles
£000

Furniture,
fittings and
equipment
£000

Computer
equipment
£000

2,524
737
(742)
 -
 -
2,519

1,078
394
(508)
 -
964

1,555

2,840
471
 -
(787)
 -
 -
2,524

1,131
454
(507)
 -
1,078

1,446

5,414
1,868
(290)
 -
(93)
6,899

4,373
604
(280)
(72)
4,625

2,274

6,157
509
12
(1,227)
 -
(37)
5,414

5,177
379
(1,151)
(32)
4,373

1,041

5,995
772
(884)
 -
(76)
5,807

4,672
710
(860)
(50)
4,472

1,335

7,530
603
 -
(2,131)
 -
(7)
5,995

5,992
805
(2,125)
 -
4,672

1,323

Total
£000

16,528
3,377
(2,141)
170
(169)
17,765

10,123
1,708
(1,648)
(122)
10,061

7,704

19,592
1,583
12
(4,649)
30
(40)
16,528

12,300
1,638
(3,783)
(32)
10,123

6,405

All properties were revalued at 31 December 2015, with the exception of a certain property, which was revalued at 31 December 2014.
Valuations were carried out by Cluttons LLP, an external firm of chartered surveyors, using standard industry methodology to determine a fair
market value. All properties are classified as level 2 assets.

The value of land and buildings on a historical cost basis is £2,723,000 (2014: £2,867,000).

Depreciation expense has been charged in other operating and administrative expenses.

Included within net book value of motor vehicles is £1,364,000 (2014: £1,182,000) in respect of assets held under finance leases.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

177

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
20 Property, plant and equipment (continued)

Parent

Cost or valuation
At 1 January 2015
Additions
Disposals
Revaluation
Exchange differences
At 31 December 2015
Depreciation
At 1 January 2015
Charge for the year
Disposals
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2015

Net book value at 31 December 2015

2,190

Cost or valuation
At 1 January 2014
Additions
Disposals
Revaluation
Exchange differences
At 31 December 2014
Depreciation
At 1 January 2014
Charge for the year
Disposals
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2014

2,360
 -
(95)
30
 -
2,295

 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

Net book value at 31 December 2014

2,295

Land and
buildings
£000

Motor
vehicles
£000

Furniture,
fittings and
equipment
£000

Computer
equipment
£000

2,295
 -
(225)
120
 -
2,190

 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

2,386
737
(742)
 -
 -
2,381

1,017
374
(508)
 -
883

1,498

2,701
370
(685)
 -
 -
2,386

1,047
417
(447)
 -
1,017

1,369

5,204
1,803
(278)
 -
(89)
6,640

4,247
562
(278)
(70)
4,461

2,179

5,731
505
(995)
 -
(37)
5,204

4,922
352
(995)
(32)
4,247

957

5,486
619
(775)
 -
(59)
5,271

4,414
619
(775)
(42)
4,216

1,055

5,628
510
(640)
 -
(12)
5,486

4,367
695
(640)
(8)
4,414

1,072

Total
£000

15,371
3,159
(2,020)
120
(148)
16,482

9,678
1,555
(1,561)
(112)
9,560

6,922

16,420
1,385
(2,415)
30
(49)
15,371

10,336
1,464
(2,082)
(40)
9,678

5,693

The Company’s properties were revalued at 31 December 2015, with the exception of a certain property, which was revalued at 31 December
2014. Valuations were carried out by Cluttons LLP, an external firm of chartered surveyors, using standard industry methodology to determine a 
fair market value. All properties are classified as level 2 assets.

The value of land and buildings on a historical cost basis is £2,323,000 (2014: £2,467,000).

Depreciation expense has been charged in other operating and administrative expenses.

Included within net book value of motor vehicles is £1,364,000 (2014: £1,182,000) in respect of assets held under finance leases.

178

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

21 Investment property

Group and Parent

Net book value at 1 January
Additions
Disposals
Fair value gains
Net book value at 31 December

2015
£000

69,775
24,130
 -
4,845
98,750

2014
£000

45,099
23,817
(1,600)
2,459
69,775

The Group’s investment properties were last revalued at 31 December 2015 by Cluttons LLP, an external firm of chartered surveyors, with the
exception of one property purchased close to the year end which has been valued at its purchase price. Valuations were carried out using
standard industry methodology to determine a fair market value. All properties are classified as level 2 assets.

Investment properties are held for long-term capital appreciation rather than short-term sale. Rental
income arising from the investment
properties owned by both the Group and Parent amounted to £4,977,000 (2014: £3,818,000) and is included in net investment return. Other
operating and administrative expenses include £742,000 (2014: £391,000) relating to investment property.

22 Financial investments

Financial investments summarised by measurement category are as follows: 

Financial investments at fair value through profit or loss
Equity securities
- listed
- unlisted
Debt securities
- government bonds
- listed
- unlisted
Derivative financial instruments
- options

Loans and receivables
Other loans

Parent investments in subsidiary undertakings
Shares in subsidiary undertakings

2015

Group
£000

Parent
£000

2014

Group
£000

Parent
£000

274,514
31,218

160,691
366,051
187

713
833,374

243,018
31,217

95,874
261,461
187

713
632,470

269,556
20,349

196,179
399,848
238

 -
886,170

239,628
20,348

118,947
285,188
238

 -
664,349

16

14

16

14

 -

50,065

 -

50,065

Total financial investments

833,390

682,549

886,186

714,428

Current
Non-current

408,439
424,951

370,387
312,162

327,552
558,634

296,566
417,862

All investments in subsidiary undertakings are unlisted. 

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

179

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

23 Derivative financial instruments

The Group utilises non-hedge derivatives to mitigate equity price risk arising from investments held at fair value. 

Group and Parent

Equity/Index contracts
Futures
Options

All balances are current.

Contract/
notional
amount
£000

30,763
7,501
38,264

2015

Fair value
asset
£000

 -
713
713

Fair value
liability
£000

1,466
 -
1,466

Contract/
notional
amount
£000

 -
 -
 -

2014

Fair value
asset
£000

 -
 -
 -

Fair value
liability
£000

 -
 -
 -

The notional amount above reflects the aggregate of individual derivative positions on a gross basis and so gives an indication of the overall
scale of the derivative transaction. It does not reflect current market values of the open positions.

Derivative fair value assets are recognised within financial investments (note 22) and derivative fair value liabilities are recognised within other 
liabilities (note 31).

Amounts pledged as collateral in respect of derivative contracts are disclosed in note 25. 

24 Other assets

Receivables arising from insurance and reinsurance contracts
- due from contract holders
- due from agents, brokers and intermediaries 
- due from reinsurers

Other receivables
- accrued interest and rent
- other prepayments and accrued income
- amounts owed by related parties 
- other debtors

Current
Non-current

2015

2014

Group
£000

27,310
40,095
9,481

6,109
3,173
20,673
18,001
124,842

103,384
21,458

Parent
£000

27,310
28,733
4,432

4,725
2,756
26,760
1,831
96,547

70,567
25,980

Group
£000

24,469
40,645
7,230

7,032
3,074
20,586
16,358
119,394

97,936
21,458

Parent
£000

24,468
29,735
5,437

5,317
2,745
34,596
(59)
102,239

69,323
32,916

The Group has recognised a credit of £63,000 (2014: charge of £449,000) in other operating and administrative expenses in the statement of
profit or loss for the impairment of its trade and other receivables during the year. The Parent has recognised a credit of £67,000 (2014:
charge of £502,000).

is held. The directors
There has been no significant change in the recoverability of the Group's trade receivables, for which no collateral
consider that the amounts are recoverable at their carrying values, which are stated net of an allowance for doubtful debts for those debtors
that are individually determined to be impaired.

Included within amounts owed by related parties of the Parent is £4,948,000 (2014: £4,808,000) pledged as collateral
insurance liability.

in respect of an

180

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

Movement in the allowance for doubtful debts

Balance at 1 January
Movement in the year
Balance at 31 December

2015

2014

Group
£000

214
(63)
151

Parent
£000

169
(63)
106

Group
£000

323
(109)
214

Parent
£000

189
(20)
169

Included within trade receivables of the Group is £3,457,000 (2014: £3,365,000) overdue but not impaired, of which £3,178,000 (2014:
£3,020,000) is not more than three months overdue at the reporting date. Included within trade receivables of the Parent is £2,533,000 (2014:
£2,095,000) overdue but not impaired, of which £2,255,000 (2014: £1,844,000) is not more than three months overdue at the reporting date.

25 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash at bank and in hand 
Short-term bank deposits 

2015

2014

Group
£000

51,454
66,987
118,441

Parent
£000

29,318
55,461
84,779

Group
£000

48,167
59,359
107,526

Parent
£000

29,428
48,346
77,774

Included within short-term bank deposits of the Group and Parent are cash deposits of £3,122,000 (2014: £nil) pledged as collateral by way of
cash margins on open derivative contracts and cash to cover derivative liabilities. 

26 Current assets held for sale

Ecclesiastical Financial Advisory Services Limited ceased to offer new mortgages following a strategic review in 2007, although it continued to
administer the existing book. During the prior year management decided to dispose of the mortgage book in order to more clearly focus their
attention on the current elements of the business.

After the end of the prior financial year the Company entered into an agreement to transfer its legacy mortgage business to Holmesdale
Building Society. The transfer was completed on 1 February 2015. 

The current assets held for sale consisted of mortgages secured on residential property. 

Cost at 1 January 
Repayments and redemptions
Market value adjustment

Carrying value at 31 December 

2014
£000

7,892
(1,022)
(666)

6,204

The effective interest rate on the mortgages in the prior year was 4.71%. 

Clients have the option to redeem mortgages before the end of the mortgage term. The directors consider that the carrying value approximates
to fair value. 

There were no debts which were past due at the prior reporting date and no amounts were impaired during the prior year. 

The major class of assets comprising the operations classified as held for sale is financial investments. 

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

181

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

27 Called up share capital

Ordinary shares of 4p each
8.625% Non-Cumulative Irredeemable Preference shares of £1 each

The number of shares in issue are as follows:

Ordinary shares of 4p each
At 1 January and 31 December

8.625% Non-Cumulative Irredeemable Preference shares of £1 each
At 1 January and 31 December

Issued, allotted and 
fully paid 

2015
£000

14,027
106,450
120,477

2014
£000

14,027
106,450
120,477

350,678

350,678

106,450

106,450

On winding up, the assets of the Company remaining after payment of its liabilities are to be applied to holders of the Non-Cumulative
Irredeemable Preference shares in repaying the nominal capital sum paid up on the shares and an amount equal to all arrears of accrued and
unpaid dividends up to the date of the commencement of the winding up. The residual interest in the assets of the Company after deducting all
liabilities belongs to the Ordinary shareholders.

Holders of the Non-Cumulative Irredeemable Preference shares are not entitled to receive notice of, or to attend, or vote at any general
meeting of the Company unless at the time of the notice convening such meeting, the dividend on such shares which is most recently payable
on such shares shall not have been paid in full, or where a resolution is proposed varying any of the rights of such shares, or for the winding up
of the Company.

182

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

28 Insurance liabilities and reinsurance assets

Gross
Claims outstanding
Unearned premiums 
Long-term business provision
Total gross insurance liabilities

Recoverable from reinsurers
Claims outstanding
Unearned premiums 
Total reinsurers’ share of insurance liabilities

Net
Claims outstanding
Unearned premiums 
Long-term business provision
Total net insurance liabilities

Gross insurance liabilities
Current
Non-current

Reinsurance assets
Current
Non-current

2015

Group
£000

551,571
153,697
85,422
790,690

120,753
49,987
170,740

430,818
103,710
85,422
619,950

Parent
£000

472,542
133,282
 -
605,824

90,646
39,768
130,414

381,896
93,514
 -
475,410

2014

Group
£000

564,380
161,624
94,324
820,328

107,331
50,134
157,465

457,049
111,490
94,324
662,863

Parent
£000

477,881
141,006
 -
618,887

75,324
39,680
115,004

402,557
101,326
 -
503,883

321,812
468,878

279,883
325,941

324,979
495,349

280,408
338,479

98,967
71,773

82,913
47,501

92,728
64,737

75,532
39,472

(a) General business insurance contracts
(i) Reserving methodology
Reserving for non-life insurance claims is a complex process and the Group adopts recognised actuarial methods and, where appropriate, other
calculations and statistical analysis. Actuarial methods used include the chain ladder, Bornhuetter-Ferguson and average cost methods.

Chain ladder methods extrapolate paid amounts, incurred amounts (paid claims plus case estimates) and the number of claims or average cost
of claims, to ultimate claims based on the development of previous years. This method assumes that previous patterns are a reasonable guide
to future developments. Where this assumption is felt to be unreasonable, adjustments are made or other methods such as Bornhuetter-
Ferguson or average cost are used. The Bornhuetter-Ferguson method places more credibility on expected loss ratios for the most recent loss
years. For smaller portfolios the materiality of the business and data available may also shape the methods used in reviewing reserve adequacy.

The selection of results for each accident year and for each portfolio depends on an assessment of the most appropriate method. Sometimes a
combination of techniques is used. The average weighted term to payment is calculated separately by class of business and is based on
historical settlement patterns.

(ii) Calculation of uncertainty margins
To reflect the uncertain nature of the outcome of the ultimate settlement cost of claims an uncertainty margin is added to the best estimate.
The addition for uncertainty is assessed using actuarial methods including the Mack method and Bootstrapping techniques, based on at least
the 75th percentile confidence level for each portfolio. The Mack method was used in current and prior periods, while Bootstrapping techniques
were intorduced in 2015. For smaller portfolios, where these methods cannot be applied, provisions are calculated at a level intended to provide
an equivalent probability of sufficiency. Where the standard methods cannot allow for changing circumstances, additional uncertainty margins
are added and are typically expressed as a percentage of outstanding claims. This approach generally results in a favourable release of
provisions in the current financial year, arising from the settlement of claims relating to previous financial years, as shown in part (c) of the note.

(iii) Calculation of provisions for latent claims
The Group adopts commonly used industry methods including those based on claims frequency and severity and benchmarking.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

183

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
28 Insurance liabilities and reinsurance assets (continued)

(iv) Discounting
General insurance outstanding claims provisions are undiscounted, except for designated long-tail classes of business for which discounted
provisions are held in the following territories:

Discount rate

Mean term of discounted
liabilities (years)

Geographical territory

2015

2014

2015

2014

UK and Ireland
Canada
Australia

1.0% to 3.5%
1.1% to 3.2%
2.0%

0.8% to 3.3%
1.3% to 3.0%
2.3%

15
14
4

14
14
4

Parent consists of UK, Ireland and Canada. Group also includes Australia. 

The above rates of interest are based on government bond yields of the relevant currency and term at the reporting date. Adjustments are
made, where appropriate, to reflect portfolio assets held and to allow for future investment expenses. At the year end the undiscounted gross
outstanding claims provision was £603,735,000 for
(2014:
£514,453,000).

the Group (2014: £606,259,000), and £520,085,000 for

the Parent

At 31 December 2015, it is estimated that a fall of 1% in the discount rates used would increase the Group's net outstanding claims provisions
by £14,380,000 (2014: £13,865,000). Financial investments backing these liabilities are not hypothecated across general insurance classes
of business. The sensitivity of Group profit or loss and other equity reserves to interest rate risk, taking into account the mitigating effect on
asset values is provided in note 4 (h).

(v) Assumptions
The Group follows a process of reviewing its reserves for outstanding claims on a regular basis. This involves an appraisal of each portfolio with
respect to ultimate claims liability for the recent exposure period as well as for earlier periods, together with a review of the factors that have the
most significant impact on the assumptions used to determine the reserving methodology. The work conducted on each portfolio is subject to
an internal peer review and management sign-off process.

insurance reserves are the anticipated number and ultimate
The most significant assumptions in determining the undiscounted general
settlement cost of claims, and the extent to which reinsurers will share in the cost. Factors which influence decisions on assumptions include
legal and judicial changes, significant weather events, other catastrophes, subsidence events, exceptional claims or substantial changes in
claims experience and developments in older or latent claims. Significant factors influencing assumptions about reinsurance are the terms of
the reinsurance treaties, the anticipated time taken to settle a claim and the incidence of large individual and aggregated claims.

(vi) Changes in assumptions
There are no significant changes in assumptions.

(vii) Sensitivity of results
The ultimate amount of claims settlement is uncertain and the Group's aim is to reserve to at least the 75th percentile confidence level.

If final settlement of insurance claims reserved for at the year end turns out to be 10% higher or lower than the reserves included in these
financial statements, the following pre-tax Group loss or profit will be realised:

Liability

Property

Motor

- UK
- Overseas
- UK
- Overseas
- UK

2015

2014

Gross
£000

26,000
8,400
9,300
4,900
2,200

Net
£000

24,000
7,200
4,700
1,600
1,100

Gross
£000

28,100
11,000
5,500
4,700
2,200

Net
£000

25,600
8,500
3,100
2,000
1,100

184

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

(viii) Claims development tables
The nature of liability classes of business is that claims may take a number of years to settle and before the final liability is known. The tables
below show the development of the undiscounted estimate of ultimate gross and net claims cost for these classes across all territories. 

Estimate of ultimate gross claims

2006
£000

2007
£000

2008
£000

2009
£000

2010
£000

2011
£000

2012
£000

2013
£000

2014
£000

2015
£000

Total
£000

45,688
45,900
40,092
36,168
30,791
28,470
27,154
27,377
28,534
28,637

50,840
47,307
43,270
35,510
35,556
34,925
34,036
33,917
33,028

56,420
53,552
47,643
44,658
40,433
37,546
37,864
37,289

74,742 84,476 82,095
59,807 75,550 76,371
55,250 62,239 71,543
66,422 68,587
57,134
55,695 61,330 60,841
58,631 62,074
54,942

100,612 81,725 61,901
88,046 80,027 50,571
78,196 69,860
72,516

46,464

28,637

33,028

37,289 54,942

62,074 60,841

72,516 69,860

50,571

46,464 516,222

(30,915) (43,347)

(22,954)
5,683

(27,910)
5,118

Outstanding liability
Effect of discounting
Present value
Discounted liability in respect of earlier years
Total discounted gross liability (for liability classes) included in insurance liabilities in the statement of financial position

(30,248) (21,720)
(266,629)
(4,973)
42,268 48,140 45,598 45,638 249,593
(16,085)
233,508
119,772
353,280

(45,397) (38,339)
11,595 16,677 22,502

6,374

(826)

2006
£000

2007
£000

2008
£000

2009
£000

2010
£000

2011
£000

2012
£000

2013
£000

2014
£000

2015
£000

Total
£000

38,332 41,927 46,882 60,810 69,230 66,864
37,518 38,967 43,344 46,660 60,202 63,770
33,711 33,464 37,204 43,853 50,834 62,587
30,329
28,093 37,669 49,444 53,390 60,653
24,731 28,569 34,514 47,970 50,526 52,985
24,821 28,679 33,384 47,482 51,031
24,450 29,217 33,667 45,534
24,710 29,904 33,020
25,717 29,037
25,606

84,511 71,798 52,350 34,769
77,629 60,950
69,580
54,792
63,068

40,153

25,606 29,037 33,020 45,534 51,031 52,985

63,068 54,792 40,153 34,769 429,995

(20,889) (24,663) (27,650)
5,370
4,374

(35,672) (37,349) (34,357)
9,862 13,682 18,628

(3,826)
(27,090) (12,667)
35,978 42,125 36,327

4,717

Outstanding liability
Effect of discounting
Present value
Discounted liability in respect of earlier years
Total discounted gross liability (for liability classes) included in insurance liabilities in the statement of financial position

(629) (224,792)
34,140 205,203
(12,872)
192,331
104,372
296,703

Group

At end of year
One year later
Two years later
Three years later
Four years later
Five years later
Six years later
Seven years later
Eight years later
Nine years later

Current estimate of 
ultimate claims 
Cumulative payments 
to date 

Parent

At end of year
One year later
Two years later
Three years later
Four years later
Five years later
Six years later
Seven years later
Eight years later
Nine years later

Current estimate of 
ultimate claims 
Cumulative payments 
to date 

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

185

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
28 Insurance liabilities and reinsurance assets (continued)

Estimate of ultimate net claims

2006
£000

2007
£000

2008
£000

2009
£000

2010
£000

2011
£000

2012
£000

2013
£000

2014
£000

2015
£000

Total
£000

41,007 46,235 51,795 64,476 73,218 75,302 88,247 76,729
59,633
40,976 43,107 48,432 53,700 64,796 72,336 79,272 66,475 47,690
35,783 38,979 44,498 50,805 57,758 68,057 73,735 60,075
33,145 34,180 42,524 50,168 59,353 66,822 69,837
30,283 35,004 39,321 50,062 55,975
28,230 34,688 37,208 49,879 57,012
26,926
33,702 37,606 48,960
27,150 33,718 37,089
28,016 32,819
28,237

60,314

42,739

28,237 32,819 37,089 48,960 57,012 60,314 69,837 60,075 47,690 42,739 484,772

5,429

(22,808) (27,723) (30,715) (39,551) (41,253)
6,374

Outstanding liability
Effect of discounting
Present value
Discounted liability in respect of earlier years
Total discounted net liability (for liability classes) included in insurance liabilities in the statement of financial position

(809) (250,379)
9,409 15,759 22,342 40,158 45,143 42,753 41,930 234,393
(16,085)
218,308
101,878
320,186

(37,972) (29,679) (14,932)

(4,937)

5,096

2006
£000

2007
£000

2008
£000

2009
£000

2010
£000

2011
£000

2012
£000

2013
£000

2014
£000

2015
£000

Total
£000

59,011 74,361 67,690 50,025 33,122
69,805 57,538 38,944

29,650 33,814 40,198 48,250 59,997 65,297 51,828

33,318 36,959 41,631 51,226 57,135
32,547 34,656 38,270 39,841 49,060 59,873
29,284
27,449 26,905 34,983 43,879 51,827 59,352 61,795
24,103 28,322 34,458 44,064 49,171 52,850
24,707 28,670 33,366 43,640
24,407 29,203 33,666 41,966
24,696 29,904 33,021
25,699 29,037
25,575

49,598

25,575 29,037 33,021 41,966 49,598 52,850 61,795 51,828 38,944 33,122 417,736

(20,889) (24,663) (27,650)
5,371
4,374

4,686

(34,163) (36,795)

(12,567)
7,803 12,803 18,551 34,708 39,261

(34,299) (27,087)

Outstanding liability
Effect of discounting
Present value
Discounted liability in respect of earlier years
Total discounted net liability (for liability classes) included in insurance liabilities in the statement of financial position

(3,825)
35,119

(629)
32,493

(222,567)
195,169
(12,872)
182,297
91,248
273,545

Group

At end of year
One year later
Two years later
Three years later
Four years later
Five years later
Six years later
Seven years later
Eight years later
Nine years later

Current estimate of 
ultimate claims 
Cumulative payments to 
date 

Parent

At end of year
One year later
Two years later
Three years later
Four years later
Five years later
Six years later
Seven years later
Eight years later
Nine years later

Current estimate of 
ultimate claims 
Cumulative payments to 
date 

186

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

(b) Long-term insurance contracts
(i) Assumptions
The most significant assumptions in determining long-term business reserves are as follows:

Mortality
An appropriate base table of standard mortality is chosen depending on the type of contract. Where prudent, an allowance is made for future
mortality improvements based on trends identified in population data.

Investment returns
Projected investment returns are based on actual yields for each asset class less an allowance for credit risk, where appropriate. The risk
adjusted yields after allowance for investment expenses for the current valuation are as follows:

UK and overseas government bonds: non-linked
UK and overseas government bonds: index-linked
Corporate debt instruments: index-linked

2015

1.66%
-0.78%
-0.10%

2014

1.52%
-0.98%
-0.32%

The investment return assumption is determined by calculating an overall yield on all cash flows projected to occur from the portfolio of
financial assets which are assumed to back the relevant class of liabilities. This is in accordance with a modification to PRA Rule INSPRU
3.1.35R, which was granted in September 2011. For index-linked assets, the real yield is shown gross of tax.

Funeral plans renewal expense level and inflation
Numbers of policies in force and both projected and actual expenses have been considered when setting the base renewal expense level. The
unit renewal expense assumption for this business is £2.70 per annum (2014: £2.70 per annum). Additionally, now the business volumes are
expected to fall, a number of expenses have been reserved for in a separate exercise. A reserve for these expenses is held at £4.8 million.

Expense inflation is set with reference to the index-linked UK government bond rates of return, and published figures for earnings inflation, and
is assumed to be 3.54% per annum (2014: 3.68%).

Tax
It has been assumed that tax legislation and rates applicable at 1 January 2016 will continue to apply. All in-force business is classed as
protection business and is expected to be taxed on a profits basis.

(ii) Changes in assumptions
Projected investment returns have been revised in line with the changes in the actual yields of the underlying assets. As a result, liabilities have
decreased by £2.2 million (2014: £7.3 million increase).

Changes to unit renewal expense assumptions (described in (b)(i) above), was a £0.3 million increase (2014: no effect on insurance liabilities).

Mortality assumptions have been revised for funeral plan policies to be based on a more recent population mortality table and to reflect
experience of the portfolio over recent years. The impact of this change was a reduction in liabilities of £0.4million.

(iii) Sensitivity analysis
The sensitivity of profit before tax to changes in the key assumptions used to calculate the long-term business insurance liabilities is shown in
the following table. No account has been taken of any correlation between the assumptions.

Variable

Deterioration in annuitant mortality
Improvement in annuitant mortality
Increase in fixed interest/cash yields
Decrease in fixed interest/cash yields
Worsening of base renewal expense level
Improvement in base renewal expense level
Increase in expense inflation
Decrease in expense inflation

Change in
variable

Potential increase/
(decrease) in the result

2015
£000

300
(400)
(100)
(400)
(600)
500
(800)
700

2014
£000

500
(600)
1,000
(1,700)
(600)
500
(900)
700

+10%
-10%
+1% pa
-1% pa
+10%
-10%
+1% pa
-1% pa

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

187

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
28 Insurance liabilities and reinsurance assets (continued)

(iv) Available capital resources

2015
Shareholders' equity
Adjustments to assets/liabilities
Total available capital resources
Policyholder liabilities
- life insurance business
Net actuarial liabilities on statement of financial 
position 

2014
Shareholders' equity
Adjustments to assets/liabilities
Total available capital resources
Policyholder liabilities
- life insurance business
Net actuarial liabilities on statement of financial 
position 

Non-profit
life
fund
£000

(312)
7,500
7,188

85,422

85,422

(1,314)
7,500
6,186

94,324

94,324

Share-
holders'
fund
£000

44,833
(7,500)
37,333

 -

 -

43,008
(7,500)
35,508

 -

 -

Total
life
business
£000

44,521
 -
44,521

85,422

85,422

41,694
 -
41,694

94,324

94,324

Other
activities
£000

Group
total
£000

460,413
(133,643)
326,770

504,934
(133,643)
371,291

452,939
(115,468)
337,471

494,633
(115,468)
379,165

Shareholders' equity/(deficit) in the non-profit fund represents the net profit or loss generated by this fund not transferred, to date, to the
shareholders' fund. The life shareholders' fund is the balance of shareholder equity in the life business.

Other activities include the general insurance business of the Parent and its subsidiaries, and consequently all Group capital not required to
meet the solvency requirements of the general business is available to meet the solvency requirements of the life business.

The available capital resources in the non-profit life fund, subject to the regulatory capital requirements of the fund itself, are available to meet
requirements elsewhere in the Group. The capital requirements of the life business are based on the PRA capital requirements.

The Group uses both its Individual Capital Assessment and its Individual Capital Guidance as a tool for determining capital requirements and
their sensitivity to various risks. The Group manages these risks by means of its underwriting strategy, reinsurance strategy,
investment
strategy, and management control framework.

(v) Movements in life capital

Non-profit
life
fund
£000

6,186
249
670
(393)
32
444
7,188

Share-
holders'
fund
£000

35,508
 -
 -
 -
 -
1,825
37,333

Total
life
business
£000

41,694
249
670
(393)
32
2,269
44,521

Published capital resources as at 31 December 2014
Variance between actual and expected experience 
Effect of changes to valuation interest rates
Effect of change in expense assumption 
Effect of change in inflation assumption 
Other movements
Capital resources as at 31 December 2015

188

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

(c) Movements in insurance liabilities and reinsurance assets

Group

Claims outstanding
At 1 January 2015
Cash (paid)/received for claims settled in the year 
Change in liabilities/reinsurance assets
- arising from current year claims
- arising from prior year claims
Exchange differences  
At 31 December 2015
Provision for unearned premiums
At 1 January 2015
Increase in the period 
Release in the period
Exchange differences  
At 31 December 2015
Long-term business provision
At 1 January 2015
Effect of claims during the year
Changes in assumptions 
Other movements 
At 31 December 2015

Claims outstanding
At 1 January 2014
Cash (paid)/received for claims settled in the year 
Change in liabilities/reinsurance assets
- arising from current year claims
- arising from prior year claims
Exchange differences  
At 31 December 2014
Provision for unearned premiums
At 1 January 2014
Increase in the period 
Release in the period
Exchange differences  
At 31 December 2014
Long-term business provision
At 1 January 2014
Effect of claims during the year
Changes in assumptions 
Other movements 
At 31 December 2014

Gross
£000

Reinsurance
£000

Net
£000

564,380
(174,263)

(107,331)
50,721

457,049
(123,542)

200,148
(27,330)
(11,364)
551,571

161,624
154,575
(158,464)
(4,038)
153,697

94,324
(7,111)
(1,988)
197
85,422

(74,035)
7,110
2,782
(120,753)

(50,134)
(50,038)
49,250
935
(49,987)

 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

126,113
(20,220)
(8,582)
430,818

111,490
104,537
(109,214)
(3,103)
103,710

94,324
(7,111)
(1,988)
197
85,422

569,179
(195,279)

(89,472)
43,034

479,707
(152,245)

183,977
11,315
(4,812)
564,380

186,642
162,393
(186,044)
(1,367)
161,624

92,446
(7,176)
7,317
1,737
94,324

(44,824)
(17,482)
1,413
(107,331)

(43,121)
(50,549)
43,022
514
(50,134)

 -
 -
 -
 -
 -

139,153
(6,167)
(3,399)
457,049

143,521
111,844
(143,022)
(853)
111,490

92,446
(7,176)
7,317
1,737
94,324

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

189

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
28 Insurance liabilities and reinsurance assets (continued)

Parent

Claims outstanding
At 1 January 2015
Cash (paid)/received for claims settled in the year 
Change in liabilities/reinsurance assets
- arising from current year claims
- arising from prior year claims
Exchange differences  
At 31 December 2015
Provision for unearned premiums
At 1 January 2015
Increase in the period 
Release in the period
Exchange differences  
At 31 December 2015

Claims outstanding
At 1 January 2014
Cash (paid)/received for claims settled in the year 
Change in liabilities/reinsurance assets
- arising from current year claims
- arising from prior year claims
Exchange differences  
At 31 December 2014
Provision for unearned premiums
At 1 January 2014
Increase in the period 
Release in the period
Exchange differences  
At 31 December 2014

Gross Reinsurance
£000
£000

Net
£000

477,881
(131,803)

(75,324)
25,730

402,557
(106,073)

158,464
(25,801)
(6,199)
472,542

141,006
134,253
(139,159)
(2,818)
133,282

(50,836)
8,918
866
(90,646)

(39,680)
(39,865)
39,462
315
(39,768)

107,628
(16,883)
(5,333)
381,896

101,326
94,388
(99,697)
(2,503)
93,514

498,705
(167,475)

(78,610)
34,767

420,095
(132,708)

156,631
(7,865)
(2,115)
477,881

164,483
140,976
(163,680)
(773)
141,006

(32,772)
1,018
273
(75,324)

(42,880)
(39,691)
42,779
112
(39,680)

123,859
(6,847)
(1,842)
402,557

121,603
101,285
(120,901)
(661)
101,326

190

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

29 Provisions for other liabilities and contingent liabilities

Group

At 1 January 2015
Additional provisions  
Used during year
Not utilised
Exchange differences  
At 31 December 2015

Current 
Non-current

Parent

At 1 January 2015
Additional provisions  
Used during year
Not utilised
Exchange differences  
At 31 December 2015

Current 
Non-current

Regulatory
and legal
provisions
£000

Restructuring
and other
provisions
£000

2,022
3,542
(1,106)
(1,215)
 -
3,243

1,743
1,500

2,022
3,542
(1,106)
(1,215)
 -
3,243

1,743
1,500

1,566
196
(651)
(277)
(11)
823

102
721

748
161
 -
(261)
(1)
647

 -
647

Total
£000

3,588
3,738
(1,757)
(1,492)
(11)
4,066

1,845
2,221

2,770
3,703
(1,106)
(1,476)
(1)
3,890

1,743
2,147

Regulatory and legal provisions
The Group operates in the financial services industry and is subject to regulatory requirements in the normal course of business, including
contributing towards any levies raised on UK general and life business. The provisions reflect an assessment by the Group of its share of the
total potential levies.

In addition, from time to time the Group receives complaints from customers and, while the majority relate to cases where there has been no
customer detriment, we recognise that we have provided, and continue to provide, advice and services across a wide spectrum of regulated
activities. We therefore believe that it is prudent to hold a provision for the estimated costs of customer complaints relating to services provided.
The Group continues to reassess the ultimate level of complaints expected and the appropriateness of the provision, which reflects the
expected redress and associated administration costs that would be payable in relation to any complaints we may uphold.

Restructuring and other provisions
The provision for restructuring and other costs relates to costs in respect of redundancies, dilapidations and deferred consideration.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

191

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

30 Deferred tax

An analysis and reconciliation of the movement of the key components of the net deferred tax liability during the current and prior reporting
period is as follows:

Group

At 1 January 2014
(Credited)/charged to profit or loss
Credited to other comprehensive income
Exchange differences
At 31 December 2014

Charged/(credited) to profit or loss
(Credited)/charged to profit or loss
- resulting from reduction in tax rate
Credited to other comprehensive income
Credited to other comprehensive income
- resulting from reduction in tax rate
Exchange differences
At 31 December 2015

Parent

At 1 January 2014
(Credited)/charged to profit or loss
Credited to other comprehensive income
Exchange differences
At 31 December 2014

Charged/(credited) to profit or loss
(Credited)/charged to profit or loss
- resulting from reduction in tax rate
Credited to other comprehensive income
Credited to other comprehensive income
- resulting from reduction in tax rate
Exchange differences
At 31 December 2015

Unrealised
gains on
investments
£000

32,351
(517)
 -
(28)
31,806

Net
retirement
benefit
assets
£000

4,109
182
(2,637)
 -
1,654

Equalisation
reserve
£000

Other
differences
£000

5,167
(108)
 -
 -
5,059

(4,772)
933
(10)
49
(3,800)

Total
£000

36,855
490
(2,647)
21
34,719

1,469

(183)

(62)

1,199

2,423

(3,190)
 -

 -
(52)
30,033

31,458
(981)
 -
 -
30,477

(166)
(1,039)

 -
 -
266

4,109
182
(2,637)
 -
1,654

(506)
 -

 -
 -
4,491

5,167
(108)
 -
 -
5,059

1,930

(183)

(62)

(3,048)
 -

(165)
(1,038)

 -
 -
29,359

 -
 -
268

(506)
 -

 -
 -
4,491

182
(10)

(12)
101
(2,340)

(1,223)
(408)
(10)
(1)
(1,642)

907

176
(11)

(12)
(25)
(607)

(3,680)
(1,049)

(12)
49
32,450

39,511
(1,315)
(2,647)
(1)
35,548

2,592

(3,543)
(1,049)

(12)
(25)
33,511

Certain deferred tax assets and liabilities have been offset. The following is the analysis of the deferred tax balances for financial reporting
purposes:

Deferred tax liabilities
Deferred tax assets

2015

2014

Group
£000

34,124
(1,674)
32,450

Parent
£000

33,511
 -
33,511

Group
£000

36,014
(1,295)
34,719

Parent
£000

35,559
(11)
35,548

The Group has unused tax losses of £21,135,000 (2014: £21,392,000) arising from life business and capital transactions, which are available
for offset against future profits. No deferred tax asset has been recognised due to the unpredictability of future profit streams.

192

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

31 Other liabilities

Creditors arising out of direct insurance operations
Creditors arising out of reinsurance operations
Derivative liabilities
Other creditors
Amounts owed to related parties
Accruals

Current
Non-current

2015

2014

Group
£000

1,277
24,671
1,466
15,762
45
17,429
60,650

60,344
306

Parent
£000

724
17,894
1,466
7,106
556
13,628
41,374

41,374
 -

Group
£000

831
13,034
 -
14,254
103
16,393
44,615

44,285
330

Parent
£000

416
7,578
 -
5,775
721
12,657
27,147

27,147
 -

Derivative liabilities are in respect of equity futures contracts and are detailed in note 23.

32 Commitments

Capital commitments
At the year end, the Group and Parent had capital commitments of £nil relating to computer software (2014: £63,000) and £nil relating to 
furniture, fittings and equipment (2014: £37,000).

Operating lease commitments
The Group leases premises and equipment under non-cancellable operating lease agreements. 

The future aggregate minimum lease rentals receivable under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

Within 1 year
Between 1 & 5 years
After 5 years

2015

2014

Group
£000

5,263
16,649
28,858
50,770

Parent
£000

5,263
16,649
28,858
50,770

Group
£000

3,749
13,239
24,724
41,712

The future aggregate minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

Within 1 year
Between 1 & 5 years
After 5 years

2015

2014

Group
£000

2,711
8,481
5,001
16,193

Parent
£000

1,866
7,806
4,341
14,013

Group
£000

2,285
8,416
6,668
17,369

Parent
£000

3,749
13,239
24,724
41,712

Parent
£000

1,223
7,189
5,928
14,340

Operating lease rentals charged to profit or loss during the year

3,391

2,380

3,576

2,009

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

193

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

33 Parent and subsidiary undertakings

Ultimate parent company and controlling party
The Company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ecclesiastical Insurance Group plc. Its ultimate parent and controlling company is Allchurches
Trust Limited. Both companies are incorporated and operate in Great Britain and copies of their financial statements are available from the
registered office as shown on page 197. The parent companies of the smallest and largest groups for which group financial statements are
drawn up are Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc and Allchurches Trust Limited, respectively. All the subsidiaries listed are included within the
consolidated financial statements. Voting rights are in line with the holdings of Ordinary shares.

The Company's interest in Group undertakings at 31 December 2015 is as follows:

Subsidiary undertakings

Incorporated and operating in Great Britain, engaged in investment, insurance 
and financial services or other insurance-related business 

Share capital

Holding of shares by

Parent

Subsidiary

Ecclesiastical Financial Advisory Services Limited
EdenTree Investment Management Limited
Ecclesiastical Life Limited
South Essex Insurance Holdings Limited
South Essex Insurance Brokers Limited

Incorporated in Great Britain, dormant 

Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares

100%
100%
100%
100%
 -

E.I.O. Trustees Limited * (Company Registration Number 00941199)

Ordinary shares

100%

Incorporated and operating in Australia, engaged in insurance business 

Ansvar Insurance Limited

Incorporated in Australia, dormant 

Ordinary shares

100%

 -
 -
 -
 -
100%

 -

 -

Ansvar Insurance Services Pty Limited * (Company Number 162612286)

Ordinary shares

 -

100%

* Not audited

194

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

34 Related party transactions

Transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties, have been eliminated on consolidation and are not included
in the Group analysis, but are included within the Parent analysis below.

The Parent related party transactions below relate to Ecclesiastical Insurance Group plc, the Group and Parent's immediate parent company.
Group and Parent other related parties include the Group's pension plans, fellow subsidiary undertakings and the ultimate parent undertaking.

2015
Group
Trading, investment and other income, including recharges, and amounts received 
Trading, investment and other expenditure, including recharges, and amounts paid
Amounts owed by related parties
Amounts owed to related parties

Parent
Trading, investment and other income, including recharges, and amounts received 
Trading, investment and other expenditure, including recharges, and amounts paid
Amounts owed by related parties
Amounts owed to related parties

2014 (restated)
Group
Trading, investment and other income, including recharges, and amounts received 
Trading, investment and other expenditure, including recharges, and amounts paid
Amounts owed by related parties
Amounts owed to related parties

Parent
Trading, investment and other income, including recharges, and amounts received 
Trading, investment and other expenditure, including recharges, and amounts paid
Amounts owed by related parties
Amounts owed to related parties

Parent
£000

Subsidiaries
£000

249
51
19,458
45

249
51
19,458
45

8,050
12,082
19,458
64

8,050
12,082
19,458
64

 -
 -
 -
 -

13,042
3,724
6,099
511

 -
 -
 -
 -

4,942
7,086
14,026
618

Other
related
parties
£000

1,565
962
1,215
 -

529
962
1,203
 -

2,079
1,141
1,128
39

1,095
1,141
1,112
39

During the year, the Company received premiums, commission and reinsurance recoveries via a related party insurance agency amounting to
£1,093,000 (2014: £455,000) and paid reinsurance protection, commission and claims amounting to £1,979,000 (2014: £894,000).

Transactions and services within the Group are made on commercial terms. Amounts outstanding between Group companies are unsecured,
are not subject to guarantees, and will be settled in cash. No provisions have been made in respect of these balances. 

The remuneration of the directors, who are the key management personnel of the Group, is disclosed in the Group Remuneration Report in the
Corporate Governance section of this report.

35 Non-adjusting events after the reporting period

On 27 January 2016, Ecclesiastical Insurance Group plc purchased NAFD Services Limited from the National Association of Funeral Directors
for a consideration of £1,000. New funeral plan business, which was previously administered through Ecclesiastical Financial Services Limited,
has been administered through the new company from the beginning of February 2016.

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

195

Directors and Executive Management 

United Kingdom Regional Centres 

United Kingdom Business Division and 
International Branches 

Insurance Subsidiaries and Agencies 

Notice of Meeting 

197

199

200

201

202

r
o
t
c
o
r
P
r
a
k
s
O
y
b

h
p
a
r
g
o
t
o
h
P

196

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

 
 
 
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT

Directors

* W. M. Samuel BSc, FCA Chairman
* D. Christie BA, BSc (Econ) Dip. Ed. Deputy Chairman and Senior Independent Director

I. G. Campbell BSc (Econ) (Hons), ACA Group Chief Financial Officer

Group Management Board

* T. J. Carroll BA, MBA, FCII
*

E. G. Creasy, MA, MBA, FCII
M. C. J. Hews BSc (Hons), FIA Group Chief Executive
J. F. Hylands FFA
*
* A. P. Latham ACII
* C. H. Taylor BSc (Hons) Banking and International Finance
S. J. Whyte MC Inst. M, ACII Deputy Group Chief Executive

* The Venerable C. L. Wilson
*

D. P. Wilson BA (Hons), FCII

M. C. J. Hews BSc (Hons), FIA Group Chief Executive
S. J. Whyte MC Inst. M, ACII Deputy Group Chief Executive
I. G. Campbell BSc (Econ) (Hons), ACA Group Chief Financial Officer
R. Cox FCII, DMS
N. M. Louth-Davies MA
J. Schofield CFIIA
C. M. Taplin BSc (Hons), MSc, MBA

Company Secretary

Mrs R. J. Hall FCIS

Registered and Head Office

Beaufort House
Brunswick Road
Gloucester GL1 1JZ
Tel: 0345 777 3322

Company Registration Number

24869

Investment Management Office

Legal advisers

24 Monument Street
London EC3R 8AJ
Tel: 0800 358 3010

Burgess Salmon LLP
Bristol

Charles Russell Speechlys LLP
London

DAC Beachcrofts LLP
Leeds

Harrison Clark Rickerbys LLP
Cheltenham

Matheson
Dublin

McDowell Purcell Solicitors
Dublin

Pinsent Masons LLP
Birmingham

Wragge Lawrence Graham and Co. LLP
London

* Non-executive directors

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

197

DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT

Auditor

Registrar

Deloitte LLP
London

Computershare Investor Services plc
The Pavilions
Bridgwater Road
Bristol BS13 8AE

198

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

UNITED KINGDOM REGIONAL CENTRES

Central and South West

Office:

London and South East

Office:

Tel:

North

Tel:

Office:

Tel:

7th Floor
9 Colmore Row
Birmingham B3 2BJ
0345 605 0209

24 Monument Street
London EC3R 8AJ
0345 608 0069

St Ann's House
St Ann's Place
Manchester M2 7LP
0345 603 7554

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

199

UNITED KINGDOM BUSINESS DIVISION AND INTERNATIONAL BRANCHES

Ansvar Insurance
Business Division

Managing Director:
Office:

Canada Branch

Tel:

Deputy Group Chief Executive,
Ecclesiastical Insurance and
General Manager and Chief Agent:
Chief Office:

- Eastern Region:

Regional Vice President:

- Western Region:

Regional Vice President:

- Pacific Region:

Regional Vice President:

- Central Region and
National Accounts:

Vice-President:

Ireland Branch

Managing Director:
Office:

R. Lane TD, BA, FCII, MCMI, MCGI
Ansvar House
St. Leonards Road
Eastbourne, East Sussex BN21 3UR
0345 60 20 999

S. J. Whyte MC Inst M, ACII
20 Eglinton Avenue West, Suite 2200
P.O. Box 2004
Toronto, Ontario M4R 1K8

M. Thornhill BA, CRM, FCIP
100 Eileen Stubbs Avenue
Suite 201
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia  B3B 1Y6

K. Webster CRM, FCIP
Suite 521, 10333 Southport Road S.W.
Calgary, Alberta T2W 3X6

B. Mitchell, CIP
Suite 1795, Two Bentall Centre
555 Burrard Street, Box 239
Vancouver, British Columbia V7X 1M9

R. Jordan BBA, CRM, FCIP
20 Eglinton Avenue West, Suite 2200
P.O. Box 2004
Toronto, Ontario M4R 1K8

D. G. Lane B.Comm (Hons), Certified Insurance Director
1st Floor, Kilmore House
Spencer Dock, North Wall Quay
Dublin 1, DO1 YE64

200

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

 
 
 
 
 
INSURANCE SUBSIDIARIES AND AGENCIES

Ansvar Insurance Limited

Chief Executive Officer:

Head Office:

Ecclesiastical Life Limited

Head Office:

Ecclesiastical Underwriting
Management Limited

South Essex Insurance
Brokers Limited

Office: 

Director:
Office:

Tel:

W. R. Hutcheon MBA, GCM, Graduate AICD,
Fellow ANZIIF (CIP), Associate Fellow AIM
Ansvar House
Level 12
432 St Kilda Road
Melbourne VIC 3004

Beaufort House
Brunswick Road
Gloucester GL1 1JZ

24 Monument Street
London EC3R 8AJ

B. W. Fehler
South Essex House, North Road
South Ockendon
Essex RM15 5BE
01708 850000

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

201

NOTICE OF MEETING

NOTICE is hereby given that the Annual General Meeting of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc will be held at Beaufort House, Brunswick Road, 
Gloucester, GL1 1JZ on Thursday, 16 June 2016 at 12.35pm for the following purposes:

Ordinary business
1.

To receive the Report of the Directors and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015 and the report of the auditor 
thereon.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

To re-elect Mr I. G. Campbell as a director.*

To re-elect Mr T. J. Carroll as a director.*

To re-elect Mr M. C. J. Hews as a director.*

To re-elect Mr J. F. Hylands as a director.* 

To re-elect Mr A. P. Latham as a director.* 

To re-elect Mrs C. H. Taylor as a director.*

To re-elect Mrs S. J. Whyte as a director.*

To re-elect The Venerable C. L. Wilson as a director.*

To re-elect Ms D. P. Wilson as a director.*

To elect Mr E. Creasy as a director.*

To consider the declaration of a dividend. 

To reappoint Deloitte LLP as auditors and authorise the directors to fix their remuneration.

By order of the Board

Mrs R. J. Hall, Secretary
16 March 2016

* Brief biographies of the directors seeking election or re-election are shown on pages 80 to 81 of the 2015 Annual Report. All non-executive directors seeking re-
election have been subject to formal performance evaluation by the Chairman who is satisfied that the performance of each non-executive director is effective and 
sufficient time has been spent on the Company’s affairs.

Only a member holding ordinary shares, or their duly appointed representative(s), is entitled to attend, vote and speak at the annual general meeting.

A member holding ordinary shares is entitled to appoint a proxy or proxies (who need not be a member of the Company) to exercise all or any of their rights to 
attend, speak and vote on their behalf at the annual general meeting. Such a member may appoint more than one proxy in relation to the annual general meeting 
provided that each proxy is appointed to exercise the rights attached to a different share or shares held by that member.

Any corporation which is a member holding ordinary shares can appoint one or more corporate representatives who may exercise, on its behalf, all of the same 
powers as that corporation could exercise if it were an individual member, provided that they do not do so in relation to the same share or shares and that they act 
within the powers of their appointment.

This notice is sent purely for information to the holders of 8.625% Non-Cumulative Irredeemable Preference shares who are not entitled to attend and vote at the 
annual general meeting.

202

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2015

Annual Report & Accounts 2015 
Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc 
Beaufort House, Brunswick Road, Gloucester, GL1 1JZ 
www.ecclesiastical.com

Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc (EIO) Reg. No. 24869. Registered in England at Beaufort House, Brunswick Road, Gloucester, GL1 1JZ, UK. EIO is authorised by the Prudential Regulation 
Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority.