Quarterlytics / Financial Services / Insurance - Life / Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc

Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc

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FY2020 Annual Report · Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc
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Understanding 
what matters 

Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020 

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Understanding 
precision matters 

We raise the bar with our specialist 
insurance for independent schools 

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Understanding 
magnificence matters 

We confidently cover the most 
complex and specialist risks 

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Understanding 
heritage matters 

We are trusted to insure our 
nations’ iconic places and spaces 

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Understanding 
reflection matters 

We lead the way in specialist 
insurance for faith buildings 

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Understanding 
kindness matters 

We exist uniquely to give our 
profits to charity – supporting 
the communities we serve 

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12 

13 

Understanding 
what matters 

Understanding what matters is what we’ve 
been doing since 1887. Understanding what 
matters to our customers, to our brokers, 
our colleagues and communities. 

It’s why we’re trusted to cover the most 
complex and specialist risks. And it’s why 
people know they can depend on us for 
our unrivalled niche knowledge, experience 
and passion; for our personal approach and 
empathetic support. And it’s why we’ve got 
the confidence to take a different business 
approach – to give back to society and to 
the communities we serve. Understanding 
what matters. It’s ultimately what matters. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contents 

Section One About Us 

Building a movement for good 

Ecclesiastical at a glance 

Our businesses 

Section Two Strategic Report 

Chairman s Statement 

’

Chief Executive s Report 

’

Connecting for generations 

Global trends in financial services 

Our business model and strategy 

Strategy in action 

Key Performance Indicators 

Financial Performance Report 

Risk Management Report 

Principal risks 

Corporate Responsibility Report 

Non  Financial Information Statement 

-

Strategic Report approval 

Section Three Governance 

Board of Directors 

Directors’ Report 

Corporate Governance 

Section Four Financial Statements 

Independent auditors  report to the members of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc 

’

Consolidated statement of profit or loss 

Consolidated and parent statement of comprehensive income 

Consolidated and parent statement of changes in equity 

Consolidated and parent statement of financial position 

Consolidated and parent statement of cash flows 

Notes to the financial statements 

Section Five Other Information 

Directors, executive management and company information 

United Kingdom regional centres 

United Kingdom business division and international branches 

Insurance subsidiaries and agencies 

Notice of meeting 

Notes 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2 

Section One 

About Us 

Building a movement for good 

Ecclesiastical at a glance 

Our businesses 

3

4 

6 

8 

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Section OneEcclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020About Us –  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section One 

About Us – Building a Movement for Good 

4 
4

Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020 

5 
5

Appreciating what’s important and 
what’s not. Being able to talk with 
knowledge and passion. And having 
the integrity and power to put words 
into action. These things matter. And it’s 
understanding this, that’s given us the 
edge, making us the trusted experts in 
specialist insurance. Trusted for over 
130 years. 

Across all our niche sectors – from 
heritage to education and from arts and 
culture to faith and charity – we have 
world-respected expertise and experience. 
And however narrow a niche, we’re 
always able to take a wide-angled view 
by drawing in insights and ideas from our 
knowledgeable teams. All this, along with 
our personal approach and empathetic 
support, is reflected in our 98%+ customer 
satisfaction score. 

We’re trusted not just for our specialist 
knowledge but for being especially good 
in our chosen fields. We’re trusted to do 
good too. A significant proportion of our 
profits are channelled towards funding 
good causes that we know matter to 
our communities. We do this through 
independent grants from our charitable 
owner or via our own considerable 
donations, so, together we’re building 
a movement for good. 

Understanding what matters. 
It’s ultimately what matters. 

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Section OneEcclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020About Us –   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section One 

About Us – Ecclesiastical at a glance 

6 
6

Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020 

7 
7

Ecclesiastical at a glance 

Main insurer for 
the UK’s Grade I 
listed buildings 

Leading 
insurer for 
the Anglican 
church 

in all our territories 

An independent, 
specialist financial 
services group that 
exists to give its 
profits to charity 

Since the 1880s 

Ecclesiastical has been 
providing specialist insurance 
and risk management 
support to its customers 

Trusted by
independent 
schools for 
over 60 years 

A leading 
multi-faith insurer 

Protecting 
churches, 
synagogues, 
mosques and 
Hindu, Sikh 
and Buddhist 
temples across 
our territories 

44,000+ 

charities and not for profit 
organisations insured 
in the UK alone

£99m+ 

One of the UK’s largest
charitable donors. We are
proud of our ambition
to give more than £100m
to good causes. Since 2016
we have given over £99m
in grants and donations* 

*Cumulative total 2016 – 2020 

98% + 

UK overall customer satisfaction 
across all the sectors we measure* 

*Based on FY 2020 results for Home New Business and Renewals; Church Renewals; 
Ecclesiastical claims; Risk Management; FWD Charity; EFAS and Funeral Directors results 

£15.7m

loss before tax 
(£73.3m profit before
tax in previous year) 

Movement
for Good 
Through our Movement 
for Good Awards 
– our biggest ever giving 
campaign – we gave 
£1m to help change 
people’s lives 

Our aim 
is to be the 
most trusted 
and ethical 
specialist 
financial 
services 
group 

£437.3m 

gross written premium 
(£395.0m in previous year) 

Rated best 
insurer by 
UK brokers 
in the charity, 
commercial 
heritage, 
education and 
faith sectors* 

*Independent survey by FWD 

Over 7,000 charities 
have benefitted 
from our giving 

In Canada our 
Community Impact 
Grants supported 
projects that make 
a positive impact 
on the community 

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Section OneEcclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020About Us –  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section One 

About Us – Our businesses 

10 
8 

Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020 

11 
9 

Our businesses 

We are organised into three divisions: 
Specialist Insurance; Investment 
Management; and Broking and 
Advisory. All are underpinned by our 
specialist knowledge and a reputation 
for delivering an outstanding service 
to our customers. 

We provide products and services 
to businesses, organisations and retail 
customers, both directly and through 
intermediaries. Operating primarily 
from the UK, our divisions and their 
associated companies are: 

Specialist Insurance 
Ecclesiastical UK / Ansvar UK / Ansvar Australia / Ecclesiastical Canada / 
Ecclesiastical Ireland 

Our award-winning insurance businesses offer insurance products and risk 
management services to customers in the faith, heritage, charity, education 
and real estate markets. 

We have particular expertise in valuing and protecting distinctive properties 
both old and new – from cathedrals to concert halls, schools to stately homes 
and iconic modern buildings to youth hostels. 

We also provide a discrete range of specialist products including household 
insurance for churches and congregations and fine art insurance to the 
high net worth market. Committed to being the most trusted and ethical specialist 
financial services group, we are proud that our UK home insurance has again been 
awarded the First Place Gold Ribbon in this year’s independent Fairer Finance 
Customer Experience ratings for home insurance. 

Investment Management 
EdenTree Investment Management (EdenTree) 

Our multi-award-winning Investment Management team manages and sells 
ethically screened and non-screened investment products to institutional 
customers, including the charity and faith markets, and to retail customers through 
the advisory market. EdenTree also manages the majority of the Group’s financial 
investments. This year, for the twelfth consecutive year, EdenTree celebrated 
winning ‘Best Ethical Investment Provider’ at the Moneyfacts Investment 
Life & Pensions Awards. 

Broking and Advisory 
SEIB Insurance Brokers (SEIB) / Ecclesiastical Financial Advisory Services (EFAS) 
/ Ecclesiastical Planning Services Ltd* (EPSL) / Lycetts Insurance Brokers* 
(Lycetts) / Lycetts Financial Services* 

Our specialist brokers, SEIB and Lycetts, provide tailored insurance products 
for customers, particularly those in the high net worth, farming and rural estates, 
equine, animal trades, and specialist motor insurance sectors. SEIB won Personal 
Lines Broker of the Year again at this year’s British Claims Awards. 

EFAS and Lycetts Financial Services offer financial advice to businesses 
and individual customers including Church of England clergy. EPSL markets 
and administers prepayment funeral plans under the Perfect Choice brand. 

* These businesses are owned by Ecclesiastical Insurance Group plc (EIG) which is the parent company 
of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc (EIO). This Annual Report and Accounts for EIO does not include 
the results of EIG. Where helpful, we’ve included some additional information about these businesses. 

This Annual Report & Accounts is for Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc (referred to as the ‘Company’, or ‘Parent’), 
together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the ‘Group’). 

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Section OneEcclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020About Us –  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ecclesiastical UK 
Negotiating the changing risk landscape 

The world is becoming more volatile, more complex, and uncertain – not least 
due to Covid-19. As a result, our customers are facing new and emerging 
strategic risks. To help them prepare for and tackle these risks – at a more 
strategic level – we have now extended our specialist risk management 
proposition to include Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). 

Identifying risk, and assessing the likely 
“
occurrence and business impact, is the 
start to managing and transferring risks 
to a conventional insurance programme. 
Ecclesiastical s Strategic Risk Workshop 
unites all interested parties, encouraging 
the sharing of opinions, ideas and 
experience, which then helps create 
”
an informed and valuable action plan. 

’

Marcus Rennick, Divisional Director, 
James Hallam Limited, London 

Developed following consultation 
with brokers and customers, a key part 
of this new offering is our Strategic 
Risk Workshop. And the first of our 
customers to try it was Hopetoun House, 
one of Scotland s finest stately homes. 

’

In terms of risk identification, the team 
at Hopetoun House were keen to start 
with a blank sheet of paper. Our ERM 
experts worked alongside them, to find 
out exactly what was keeping them 
awake at night and to then work through 
the causes and consequences of those 
risks. We then produced a new risk 
register, which significantly enhanced 
their existing approach. 

Their broker took part in the workshop 
too, and by having this three  way 
approach, we were able to share 
valuable insights and best practice 
as well as to identify opportunities. 

-

Of course, Covid  19 means many 
-
customers are having to change how 
they operate and to adapt their strategy 
– and are looking for support and 
guidance to do this. Our ERM team 
can help them strengthen their strategic 
risk management arrangements, so that 
risks can be managed in a structured 
way. By sharing our expertise and 
understanding of emerging risks, and 
by delivering valuable insights, we can 
help customers make informed decisions 
as well as seize opportunities. In short, 
we can help them look to the future 
with more confidence. 

“
The Workshop was brilliant
–
 bringing brokers and key staff together 
to gain deeper insight and mutual 
understanding. This approach confirmed 
that we d largely been on the right track 
albeit with significant improvements 
”
from you. 

’

Piers de Salis, General Manager, 
Hopetoun House, Edinburgh 

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Credit: Rankine Photography Ltd 

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12 

Section Two 

Strategic Report 

Chairman s Statement 

’

Chief Executive s Report 

’

Connecting for generations 

Global trends in financial services 

Our business model and strategy 

Strategy in action 

Key Performance Indicators 

Financial Performance Report 

Risk Management Report 

Principal risks 

Corporate Responsibility Report 

Non  Financial Information Statement 

-

Strategic Report approval 

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14 

20 

26 

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36 

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46 

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60 

66 

78 

88 

90 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Chairman’s Statement 

14 

Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020 

15 

Chairman’s Statement 

2020 was the year that none of us could have predicted. 
The global pandemic affected our lives in ways more 
far-reaching than we could have imagined. It has been 
a testing time for all of us. 

‘I’m delighted that, 
despite the challenges 
of the past 12 months, 
we’ve been able 
to donate over £2.7m 
to good causes through 
our own direct giving 
such as the Movement 
for Good awards.’ 

I’m delighted that, despite the challenges 
of the past 12 months, we’ve been able to 
donate over £2.7m to good causes through 
our own direct giving such as the Movement 
for Good awards. This is in addition to over 
£23m of funds awarded through our parent 
Allchurches Trust. 

Looking ahead 
This is an exciting year for Ecclesiastical. 
We enter a new chapter in our strategy 
with a new visual identity. Representing 
a modern and confident Ecclesiastical, 
the new brand focuses on our core 
strengths  of being trusted, specialist 
and committed to customer service. 

The benefits of our long-term investment 
programme continue to be realised. Our 
new purpose-built office in Gloucestershire 
opened its doors in February, providing 
a modern and inspiring environment for 
our colleagues. It’s a great achievement, 
particularly considering the challenges 
of the past 12 months, and I’m looking 
forward to visiting when restrictions 
are eased. 

This year will also see the start of the 
rollout of our new strategic General 
Insurance (GI) system for the UK 
and Ireland, which will provide 
customers and brokers with a better, 
faster experience. At a time when our 
competitors are battening down the 
hatches, we are well-placed to thrive 
and achieve our purpose of contributing 
to the greater good of society. 

Throughout this period, I’ve been 
overwhelmed by the efforts of all our 
colleagues at Ecclesiastical to continue 
to deliver what matters most to our 
customers. I have heard inspiring stories 
from around the Group of how colleagues 
have overcome their own personal 
challenges to support our customers and 
help those in society who need it most. 
True character emerges in adversity and 
our teams pulled together during this 
difficult time to keep us on course and stay 
true to our vision and purpose. 

Achievements 
The year had many highlights, but I am 
especially proud that we kept our 
impressive customer satisfaction rankings, 
continued to win independent awards and 
maintained our strong credit ratings in the 
most trying of circumstances. A heart-felt 
thanks to all. 

While I recognise it was a difficult and 
uncertain period for our customers, 
I welcome the clarity and certainty brought 
by the courts’ rulings in the FCA High 
Court Case. I know that we also remain 
determined to do the right thing by handling 
claims with empathy and sensitivity 
following the publication of the IICSA 
report into the Anglican Church. 

A resilient set of results 
Despite the difficulties of the Covid-19 
pandemic and the Group reporting a loss 
of £15.7m (2019: profit before tax £73.3m), 
our businesses generally performed well 
and we remain financially strong. Our 
underwriting performance was resilient 
and gross written premiums grew, thanks 
to a number of new business wins. What 
makes Ecclesiastical unique in the financial 
services world is our charitable ownership. 
It’s a business model suited to our times and 
means we’re not driven by the short-term 
pursuit of profit. Instead, we take a long-term 
view, focused on sustainable growth, 
enabling us to weather the difficult times. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Chairman’s Statement 

16 

17 

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Board activity 
On a personal level, my second year 
leading the Group as Chairman could 
not have been more different to my first. 
While I was fortunate enough at the start 
of the year to spend time with colleagues 
developing the new GI operating system, 
many of my plans to engage with the 
business were curtailed due to the 
pandemic and I have missed the personal 
engagement of being with colleagues. 
As a Board, we had to adapt to new ways 
of working and since March last year, 
we have been meeting virtually in our 
role of reviewing and overseeing 
the Group’s activities. 

I was pleased to welcome two new Board 
members in 2020. Neil Maidment joined 
in January, bringing a wealth of industry 
experience, and Sir Stephen Lamport 
followed him in March, bringing vast 
experience from his time in Westminster 
and serving in the Royal Household. 
Their diversity of skills and experience 
strengthen our Board considerably. 
We were sad to bid farewell to Dean 
Christine Wilson, who served the Board 
admirably for 11 years. 

The future 
At a time when the reputation of the 
insurance industry is under scrutiny, 
it’s more important than ever that 
Ecclesiastical is, and is seen to be, doing 
the right things for its various stakeholders. 
I believe that, provided we continue 
to fulfil our purpose and live our values, 
we are well-placed to stand out amongst 
our competitors and enhance our already 
considerable achievements. 

David Henderson 
Chairman 

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‘True character 
emerges in adversity 
and our teams pulled 
together during 
this difficult time 
to keep us on course 
and stay true to our 
vision and purpose.’ 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Ecclesiastical UK 
Using new technology to protect the irreplaceable 

The top concerns facing the heritage sector are the threat of a major fire, 
a significant loss and ongoing maintenance costs. To help combat this, 
we turned to technology – partnering with property performance 
management experts, Shepherd. We worked with English Heritage, 
a valued customer, to help identify a suitable property in which to pilot 
our project. Kenwood House in London, an 18th century stately home 
with a world-class art collection, was their suggestion. 

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The team installed dozens of small 
non  invasive sensors throughout 
Kenwood House that gathered data 
from around the property. This was 
subsequently analysed using a machine 
learning algorithm to establish a pattern 
of normal operation. Any abnormal 
readings would then immediately alert 
the Kenwood House management team. 

At the end of April, a spike was recorded 
in the moisture levels, triggering an alert 
to the maintenance team who were able 
to respond swiftly, preventing water 
damage to the gallery below. With so 
many heritage sites now closed due 
to Covid  19, such remote monitoring 
is invaluable. 

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The sensor coverage enables machinery 
and equipment to be monitored too, 
making it easier to detect potential 
issues fast – nipping things in the bud 
before they escalate into serious and 
costly problems. 

’

Overall, the project has been a great 
success. And this was recognised 
at this year s CIR Risk Management 
Awards where we picked up the 
highly commended  award in the 
‘
Risk Management Innovation 
of the Year category. 

’

’

We re now using the insights gained 
from our work at Kenwood House 
to develop a scaled proposition, 
so we can use our understanding 
and specialism in risk management, 
buildings and heritage  along 
with innovative technology – to help 
as many customers as possible. 

 –

“

-

This is an exciting pilot project for 
English Heritage. The application of live 
real  time monitoring has huge potential 
to revolutionise the management of 
heritage estates in a sustainable way. 
This partnership with Ecclesiastical 
will enable us to minimise risks 
to the building and its irreplaceable 

’

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collections by cost  effective evidence 
-
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based preventive maintenance. We ll 
be able to identify issues in real  time 
and take preventative steps before 
maintenance issues become too large 
and costly. The cost savings will also 
enable the charity to invest a greater 
percentage of its annual maintenance 
budgets in the delivery of exemplary 
conservation work across the estate. 
”

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Nicola Duncan-Finn, Senior Estates 
Manager at English Heritage 

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Strategic Report – Chief Executive’s Report 

20 

21 

Chief Executive’s Report 

For over 130 years, Ecclesiastical has understood 
what matters most to our customers and communities. 
Trusted to protect and preserve much of the nation’s 
irreplaceable heritage and history, we’re distinguished 
in the financial services industry by our expertise, 
ethical approach and unique charitable purpose. 

‘The challenges 
we have overcome, 
the progress made 
and speed with which 
we have done it would 
not be possible were 
it not for the dedication 
of our specialist 
teams worldwide.’ 

We are driven by the pursuit of excellence, 
which we achieve through our unrivalled 
knowledge of our specialist markets and 
a commitment to customer service. 

Throughout our long history, we have been 
unwavering in our focus and determination 
to serve our customers and support those 
in society who need us most. This time last 
year, as I wrote the Chief Executive’s report 
for the 2019 annual report, the impact 
of Covid-19 was just beginning to be felt 
across the globe. None of us could have 
predicted just how much of an impact it 
would have on our lives. Businesses closed, 
financial markets collapsed and at times 
that most basic of human needs, social 
contact, all but ceased. The global Covid-19 
pandemic has affected every aspect of our 
lives – economically, politically and socially 
– and has changed the way we live and 
work forever. 

Extraordinary times require an 
extraordinary response and our businesses 
responded to this most unprecedented 
challenge in the best way possible. 
Together, we rose above the challenges 
to dream even bigger, and perform even 
better. Through it all, we never lost sight 
of our purpose, our strategy and our 
ambition to drive and grow our business 
in order to make an even bigger contribution 
to the greater good of the communities 
in which we live and work. 

Continuing to build 
a Movement for Good 
Thanks to the incredible support of our 
customers, brokers, business partners, 
employees and all our supporters, we have 
now given over £99m to charity, and are 
about to meet the £100m target we set 
ourselves back in 2017. This means that 
over the last five years our rolling average 
donations have exceeded £20m per annum 
– something of which all our supporters 
can be proud. 

Indeed in 2020, in addition to over £23m 
of funds awarded through our parent 
Allchurches Trust, the Group gave over 
£2.7m to support charities and communities 
during this difficult time, including: 

• £1m through our annual corporate giving 
programme Movement for Good awards 
– which saw 500 charities receive £1,000 
grants and 10 charities receive longer-term 
funding of £50,000 – and a further 
£120,000 through our 12 Days of Giving 
campaign; 

• Over £200,000 to a combination 

of the industry’s Covid-19 Support Fund, 
The National Emergency Trust and 
the Disaster Emergency Committee’s 
Coronavirus Crisis Appeal; 

• Over £250,000 via local charitable 

programmes such as our ‘Community 
Impact Grants’ in Canada and our 
‘Community Education Programme’ 
in Australia. 

We launched Fundraising Hubs to support 
Church and Charities raise much needed 
financial support, and undertook a 
programme to encourage ‘Acts of Kindness’ 
across the group for those in need. These 
acts, mostly unsung, range from providing 
meals to the homeless or those in isolation, 
through to the establishment of a Hygiene 
Bank by our Ansvar office in Eastbourne, 
and for which Ansvar have been recognised 
as ‘Pro-Bono Company of the Year’. 

It’s very humbling to think we’ve been able 
to support so many good causes during 
such a challenging period. For many 
frontline charities, their work has never 
been more vital, and they are often helping 
the most vulnerable members of society. 
I’m proud that we’ve been able to make 
a difference to so many lives. 

Our charitable purpose drives us to help 
those most in need and we have now 
increased our aspirations and are focused 
to exceed our original £100m charitable 

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Strategic Report – Chief Executive’s Report 

22 

23 

giving target by September 2021. We invite 
others to join us in this goal. By working 
together, and with these charities, we can 
help to build a movement for good. 

Delivering for our customers 
I am immensely proud of the way our 
colleagues showed great courage and 
resilience to continue to deliver for our 
customers. All our colleagues quickly and 
successfully moved to remote working 
and we adapted our plans to enable 
our response to the pandemic, showing 
flexibility and agility across our businesses. 
This was all achieved while colleagues 
faced many personal challenges of their 
own. The Board and I are immensely 
grateful for the hard work and sacrifice 
of our colleagues who went above and 
beyond to ensure customer service was 
enhanced, and our charitable purpose 
maintained. Throughout the pandemic, 
we have made the health, safety and 
wellbeing of our employees a key priority. 
We invested in new systems to enable 
different ways of working, and provided 
homeworking and mental health and 
wellbeing support. We decided not to take 
financial benefit from the Government’s 
furlough scheme. 

I also recognise that this has been 
a challenging time for many of our 
customers. Many businesses, charities, 
schools, nurseries and churches have 
suffered financially due to the impact 
of successive lockdowns. We introduced 
a series of measures to support our 
customers and partners during this difficult 
period. These included paying claims 
quickly where cover was in place, offering 
enhanced cover, free of charge, to many 
of our customers, and providing credit 
support to customers in financial difficulty. 
We also introduced online information 
hubs, as well as pandemic-related risk 
management advice. 

The insurance industry came under 
intense scrutiny as a result of the test case 
on Business Interruption (BI) insurance 
brought by the Financial Conduct Authority. 
We were always clear that our BI policies 
were never intended to cover pandemics 
and we welcomed the certainty and clarity 
provided by the High Court’s judgment 
in our favour. Nevertheless, the case has 
damaged trust in the insurance industry 
and I believe we now need to work together 
to restore trust in insurance. 

Despite all the challenges of the pandemic, 
I am pleased to report that 98% of surveyed 
customers were satisfied with how we 
handled their claim last year, with 92% 
being very and extremely satisfied, which 
is consistent with previous years. 

In last year’s report, I talked about the 
importance of managing claims for physical 
and sexual abuse and we remain committed 
to improving the claims experience in these 
sensitive cases. To this end, we welcomed 
the publication of the Independent Inquiry 
into Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA) report 
on the Anglican Church investigation and 
the insights it gives into the best possible 
ways to better safeguard children and how 
to improve the treatment of victims and 
survivors when disclosing abuse. 

The experience of bringing an insurance 
claim can be traumatic for victims and 
survivors within the adversarial civil justice 
system in which we operate. We always 
aim to handle claims with empathy and 
sensitivity, as embodied in our Guiding 
Principles. We thank the Inquiry for 
its work, and we will continue to review 
our processes as part of our commitment 
to continual improvement. 

Financial performance 
2020 was a challenging year for all 
businesses due to the significant impact 
of Covid-19 and our results were affected 
by the falls in investment markets. While 
this affected our reported overall financial 
performance, resulting in a loss of £15.7m 
(2019: profit before tax £73.3m), our 
underlying businesses performed well 
and we remain financially resilient as we 
move into 2021. 

Underwriting results have been resilient 
at £12.1m (2019: £20.0m) after £18.7m 
for Covid-19 related claims where cover 
is confirmed. We delivered Gross Written 
Premium (GWP) growth of 11% to £437m 
(2019: £394m) supported by strong 
retention and new business. Despite the 
challenges faced by all businesses in 2020, 
our commitment to long-term profitable 
growth has endured and our diverse 
portfolio of companies has continued 
to support this. Our long-term view of risk 
means we have a strong capital position 
that can withstand short-term volatility 
and I’m delighted that our excellent 
A and A- credit ratings by AM Best and S&P 
were both maintained throughout 2020. 

Our strategy for the future 
As we move into 2021, we are entering 
an exciting phase in our history. After 
making significant progress in recent years 
to become the most trusted and ethical 
specialist financial services group, we 
are now investing in the next stage of our 
journey. While many businesses retreat 
in the face of the coronavirus pandemic, 
we see the opportunity to refocus and 
re-energise our business based on our 
core strengths – our charitable purpose, 
our outstanding people and our passion 
to do the right thing. 

we are today – shaped by tradition, while 
looking to the future. The star carries 
many meanings but for me it represents 
our pursuit of excellence, the ethics and 
standards that we strive for and the guiding 
light we aspire to be. 

Through the launch of our new visual 
identity, we will be reinforcing everything 
that our audiences know and love about 
our organisation – our expertise, our ethics, 
and our unique purpose – but articulated 
with greater energy than before. It reflects 
an Ecclesiastical that not only does good, 
but is unified, dynamic and innovative. It’s 
a new era for our business and, to support 
us, we adapted the strategy in 2020 that 
will take us through this challenging period 
and enable us to take advantage of the 
hardening market conditions. 

Alongside the investment in our new 
visual identity, I’m delighted that our new 
head office in Gloucestershire is now 
fully operational and ready to welcome 
employees with new flexible ways of 
working once lockdown restrictions are 
lifted. The premises are truly impressive 
and provide a modern and spacious 
working environment for our employees. 

In addition to investing in our people and 
brand, we have also continued to invest 
in new systems and technology, helping 
our businesses to innovate with purpose 
and increase our agility and efficiency. 
We have recently implemented new 
systems for our broking, investment 
management and overseas insurance 
businesses. This year, we’ll start to deliver 
a new strategic General Insurance system 
for the UK and Ireland which, once live, 
will help us to provide our customers 
and brokers with an enhanced experience 
and more efficient processes and capacity. 

I’m excited to be able to showcase the 
new Ecclesiastical Insurance brand in this 
Annual Report & Accounts. The new visual 
identity represents the organisation that 

This investment in our business, together 
with our great people and financial 
strength, provides us with the foundation 
for a bright future. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Chief Executive’s Report 

24 

25 

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Working together for 
the greater good 
With our £100m charitable target within 
our near term grasp, our adapted strategy, 
new brand, new systems, new head office 
and the new ways of working developed 
this year, we enter 2021 energised and 
inspired to work together for our 
customers and society. 

The challenges we have overcome, the 
progress made and speed with which 
we have done it would not be possible 
were it not for the dedication of our 
specialist teams worldwide. As such 
the Board and I say “Thank you” to our 
exceptional colleagues who, no matter 
where they might be, or whatever their 
circumstances, will always put doing 
what is right for our customers and our 
charitable purpose at the centre 
of everything they do. 

To those who are reading about 
Ecclesiastical for the first time, I invite you 
to join us, whether as a colleague, customer 
or business partner, and experience for 
yourself how it is possible to do business 
differently. There is no doubt that, together, 
we are creating something very special 
– a movement for good that touches and 
transforms lives in our homes, in our 
communities, in this country and abroad. 

Together, by understanding what matters, 
we are better able to help our customers. 
Together, we are better able to increase 
giving to our beneficiaries. And together, 
in the words of Captain Sir Tom Moore, 
we will ensure that for more people 
“Tomorrow will be a good day”. 

By order of the Board 

Mark Hews 
Group Chief Executive 

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‘We are driven by the 
pursuit of excellence, 
which we achieve 
through our unrivalled 
knowledge of our 
specialist markets 
and a commitment 
to customer service.’ 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Connecting for generations 

26 

27 

Connecting 
for generations 

We’re proud of our ambition to give more than £100m to good 
causes. Since 2016 our Group has given over £99m in grants 
and donations. Impressive as these numbers might seem, it’s the 
countless precious human connections they help forge, that are 
truly remarkable. Here are just some of the people whose lives 
have been transformed through our giving. You can read more 
about these stories in our Impact Report, available on our website 
www.ecclesiastical.com/impactreport 

I had amazing support. 
Rachel and Robert didn’t 
leave until they knew Elijah 
and I had somewhere safe 
to sit, sleep and enough 
milk and bottles. 

Safe Families UK is a Christian 
charity that works hand 
in hand with children’s services 
to link families in need with local 
volunteers who can offer 
much-needed help. 

Give a Dog a Bone has given 
me a place to socialise and 
a feeling of belonging. 

For many older people, Give a Dog 
a Bone’s spaces  are a lifeline, giving 
them an opportunity to get out, feel 
part of their community and make 
new friends. 

Paul waits for his carer 
by the window every 
Saturday morning; 
he knows he is going
to Club Islington.
When his carer arrives,
he doesn’t stop smiling. 

Paul’s mum, Susan, loves seeing 
her son so happy and hugely 
appreciates the support she gets 
from Disability Sports Coach clubs. 

Chemotherapy attacks the 
illness, but unfortunately 
it also attacks the spirit. 

The Katie Nugent fund 
was established within the 
Children’s Medical and Research 
Foundation, by Katie’s parents 
Alice and Nick, to provide 
psychological and emotional 
support for the children on 
St John’s Ward in Crumlin, and their 
families, during cancer treatment. 

Collaboration is a big aspect 
of the course, as it’s about 
bringing different crafts 
together to make something 
that bit more extraordinary. 

The new Building Arts Programme 
was established by The Prince’s 
Foundation in partnership with 
QEST to help preserve valuable 
skills, which are gradually being 
lost as the average age of workers 
in the heritage sector approaches 
retirement age. 

I didn’t realise how much 
better I felt when I was 
clean. I definitely feel 
more confident and feel 
more like I belong. 

Taylor, aged 19, lives in supported 
housing after six months 
of sleeping rough, and is one 
of the people who’ve benefitted 
from the services of The Hygiene 
Bank project in Eastbourne. 

Junior Juries was an 
exceptional experience. 
The group was lovely, the books 
were fabulous and I feel like 
I have gained immensely. 

Reading for pleasure can have 
a fundamental positive impact 
on children’s lives. Designed 
to encourage reading, The Junior 
Juries Award is a unique annual 
programme, run by Children’s 
Books Ireland, for schools, 
libraries and book clubs. 

Your assistance and 
generosity put proper 
school shoes on five 
of my grandchildren’s feet. 

Grandparents For Grandchildren 
South Australia is a voluntary, 
not for profit organisation that 
helps prevent at-risk children 
from entering the statutory child 
protection system, instead keeping 
them within their extended families 
wherever they can. 

Emerald was emaciated and 
suffering from exhaustion – 
she required round-the-clock 
care from our team to bring 
her back from the brink. 

One of the UK’s largest equine 
welfare charities, Bransby Horses 
provides rescue and welfare services 
for horses and ponies along with 
donkeys and mules, with a focus 
on rehabilitation and careful 
handling to give animals a second 
lease of life. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Ansvar UK 
A swift return to service 

We’ve been protecting churches from the risk of fire since 1887. So, when 
our claims team got a call telling them that Moravia Church in Hornsey, 
North London, had suffered significant fire damage, we sprang into action. 

The fire, which happened after their 
Christmas Day service in 2019, was 
thought to have been caused by tree 
lights being mistakenly left on. 
The loss was initially reported to us on 
27 December 2019 and we immediately 
made arrangements for our specialist 
loss adjusters and restoration team to 
attend on Sunday 29 December to begin 
the reinstatement process. 

-

The fire had caused serious damage to 
the front, left  hand corner of the Nave 
and meant that the floorboards and 
joists needed replacing along with areas 
of plasterwork, which had de  bonded 
and blackened. There was also damage 
to the roof boarding, which was charred 
in places, and to the timber organ pipes 
which were next to the tree. 

-

Besides the localised fire damage, 
the building had suffered smoke logging 

throughout, affecting both the structure 
and the contents. Soot had also entered 
the large pipe organ, which needed 
completely taking apart, cleaning 
and rebuilding. 

To discuss plans, we set up a 
meeting the following week with our 
claims team, members of the local 
congregation, and the wider church 
organisation. We quickly agreed and set 
in motion a strategy for the rapid and 
sensitive restoration of the building, 
as well as a plan for the remaining 
areas of the site, the church hall 
and adjoining nursery, to remain open 
and fully functioning throughout. 

Works were completed in July 2020, 
less than eight months after being 
notified of the fire. Claims costs were 
significant and covered the cost of 
upgrading the church s traditional 

’

organ to a modern sound system more 
suited to their needs. Thanks to the 
initial swift actions of our team and the 
sensitive reinstatement programme, 
we were able to avoid any long  term 
interruption to church services and 
activities throughout. A happy outcome 
for all involved. 

-

“

This church suffered severe fire 
damage, but by quickly deploying 
the specialist loss adjusters and 
restorations teams, we were able 
to complete the works very quickly, 
and to enable the clubs and groups 
who used the premises to continue 
functioning throughout the process 
– providing valuable support to the 
wider community. 
”

Natasha Baugh, Team Leader, 
Claims Department, Ansvar UK 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Global trends in financial services 

30 

31 

Global trends in 
financial services 

As part of our everyday business management, we monitor 
a number of global trends that we believe have the potential 
to impact our business in the future. Our insight into these 
trends is shown over the next few pages and our response 
is demonstrated within Strategy in action (page 40). 

Trend 

Our perspective 

Trend 

Our perspective 

Low trust in financial 
services 

Trust is at the heart of all business relationships and is a result of a combination of ethics and 
competence. Ethical behaviour is driven by being purpose-led, honest and fair. Competent
businesses create value, act as a force for innovation and drive economic prosperity. 

Historically, financial services has been the least trusted business sector and falls far short 
of the levels of trust achieved by the technology, automotive and entertainment sectors. 
During 2020, the insurance industry faced further challenges to its position, with test cases 
and class actions raised in a number of countries including the UK. 

Ecclesiastical aims to be the most trusted and ethical financial services group. 
Our distinct positioning is supported by our business model which underpins our behaviours 
– we have high levels of trust placed in us that are rare amongst financial services businesses. 
This is evidenced by recognition of our UK insurance business as the most trusted insurer by 
consumers (top of the Fairer Finance league table for over ten years), and the market-leading 
reputation and ethical approach of our investment business (winning the Moneyfacts award 
for the twelfth consecutive year). 

Geopolitical 
landscape 

Uncertainty within the geopolitical landscape continues with an ongoing shift from globalisation 
to localism (including increased trade protectionism). The race to produce Covid-19 vaccines has
led to some increased cooperation between nations. 

Many countries have seen a significant economic impact during 2020. Pandemic containment 
measures have led to rising unemployment, increased government debt and left some sectors 
in critical condition – creating the conditions for future economic instability. 

There are signs that the fragmented status quo is beginning to improve. The UK is seeking 
to create a stable landscape following its Brexit transition period and there are stable 
governments in all our geographies. 

Our businesses continue to monitor both the local and global landscape to respond 
to the potential impacts arising from this uncertainty. 

Climate change 
response 

Average temperatures have risen over the past decade which is expected to lead to more 
extreme weather events. Increased urbanisation is putting further pressure on natural
defences, increasing their vulnerability to rising sea levels. Together these forces are likely 
to lead to greater concentrations of insurance losses. This will undoubtedly have an impact 
on the way that risk is understood and managed. 

Even in the midst of a global pandemic, the climate emergency dominates the top five risks 
in the World Economic Forum’s Global Risks Report. After infectious diseases, climate action 
failure is the top risk by impact. There is growing recognition that governments need to do 
more to manage their climate change risk as evidenced by a significant increase in catastrophic 
weather events over recent years. 

It is crucial that climate change is tackled during the 2020s. The UN Intergovernmental Panel 
on Climate Change (IPCC) has advised that global warming must be kept to a maximum of 1.5˚C 
within 12 years to reduce the risk of catastrophic outcomes for hundreds of millions of people. 
The new US President has an ambitious list of climate goals including net-zero emissions 
by 2050 – this would have significant positive implications for the 1.5˚C target. 

Investor demand, rather than changes in regulation, is more likely to be the key driver 
of increasing environmental responsibility in financial services. EdenTree, our responsible 
investment business, has continued to focus on climate change engaging with companies 
on the opportunities arising from ESG (environmental, social and governance) 
focused investing. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Global trends in financial services 

32 

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Trend 

Our perspective 

Trend 

Our perspective 

Regulation 

Regulation continues to evolve to reflect the global and local context: common themes 
are governance, culture and accountability in order to address the historic financial crisis 
and associated misconduct issues. There is regulatory scrutiny on technology and data 
management given the increasingly digitalised and interconnected world. 

Demographics and 
social trends 

While there has been significant change in demographics and social trends since the turn 
of the 21st century, the last 12 months have accelerated this change. Although the Covid-19 
pandemic significantly reduced international migration and travel, global interconnectivity 
has increased. 

An increased focus on credit risk, financial resilience and operational resilience is expected, 
shaped in part by the Covid-19 pandemic. Prudential standards are expected to be revised 
with implications for financial institutions across the globe. It is supposed that the European 
Union (EU) will seek to reduce the impact on its banks in order to support growth as part 
of the recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic. 

The EU and UK regulatory frameworks are expected to diverge in both timing and substance. 
This is expected to increase regulatory complexity in financial services. Following the UK’s exit 
from the EU, our Ecclesiastical Ireland business is now authorised to trade as a Third Party 
Branch – enabling us to continue offering our specialist proposition in Ireland. Our Northern 
Ireland portfolio has been repatriated to our Ecclesiastical UK business. 

Our insurance businesses responded to the Covid-19 pandemic by offering support to our 
customers, clients and business partners including pandemic-related guidance, cover extensions 
or policy adjustments where appropriate, and speedy claims settlement where cover exists. 

Ecclesiastical participated in the FCA’s business interruption test case in order to bring maximum 
clarity to our customers in the shortest amount of time. The High Court agreed that losses arising 
from the pandemic are not covered by our business interruption policies. 

We continue to respond to the regulatory context across all our businesses, to continue 
to operate in compliance with law and regulations and support our customers and 
business partners. 

There has been a significant shift to a digital-enabled society, with a huge uptick in the online 
economy and an explosion in remote working due to Covid-19 control measures in many parts 
of the world. This has accelerated the pace of technological change seen in recent years and 
amplifies the increased expectations from customers and business partners seeking enhanced 
tailored propositions. 

There is growing appetite for ethical employers and businesses, particularly from young people. 
A rising focus on the climate emergency is beginning to influence buyers and partners with 
a more proactive requirement for proven ethical and trusted companies. As award-winning, 
trusted providers, our businesses continue to attract and retain prestigious customers across 
our geographies. 

Data, technology 
and analytics 

Data is the world’s most valuable asset, and has been called the oil of the digital era. To enhance 
their competitive advantage, data-driven strategies are being adopted by businesses across 
the world. 

The online economy has become ever more significant – the shift to trusted brands and platforms 
has continued. The speed of digital adoption has increased against the backdrop of the Covid-19 
pandemic with containment measures meaning that retail businesses have struggled to operate 
or faced significant restrictions. 

Greater global interconnectivity means that cyber security remains critical with 
the increased threat and potential for harm from cyber-attacks for governments, 
businesses and individuals alike. 

Our businesses continue to respond to the opportunities arising from this evolving landscape 
to work with current and emerging technologies. Our businesses have appropriate measures 
in place and continue to raise awareness of cyber-risk to our customers, business partners 
and employees. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two  
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ecclesiastical Ireland 
Playing our part in protecting a national treasure 

The National Opera House in Wexford, South East Ireland, is world-renowned 
for its opera festival – Wexford Festival Opera. Since 2014 we’ve become a 
trusted partner and supporter of this prestigious event, and of the opera house. 

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The history of the festival, which in 2017 
won ‘Best Opera Festival in the World 
’
at the International Opera Awards, dates 
back to 1951 when a group of opera 
enthusiasts in Wexford decided to stage 
an opera in their little theatre. What 
was then the Theatre Royal, was later 
demolished and the magnificent National 
Opera House built in its place. Since the 
grand reopening in 2008, it s hosted over 
1,300 live performances to over 400,000 
people from across Ireland and around 
the world. 

’

The landmark building lies at the heart 
of Wexford. Housing two diverse 
-
- -
performance spaces, it has a state  of  the 
art auditorium and horseshoe  shaped 
balconies that enhance the performance 
experience for both audiences and 
performers. This, along with its rooftop 
café and bars, make it a magnet for the 
local community providing entertainment 
and employment. 

-

The magnificent building is Ireland s first 
-
custom  built, multi  purpose opera house 
and the only national institution of this 

-

’

kind outside of the capital. We are 
proud to partner with and protect such 
a valuable national institution. 

’

Over the years, various events have 
strengthened our relationship. Besides 
providing ongoing risk management, 
we ve dealt with a particularly technical 
claims settlement and maintained our 
 –
sponsorship support
 up to and including 
-
2020 – when Covid  19 forced the festival 
to move to a virtual setting, hosting 
-
a series of high  profile recorded and 
live performances, which were 
broadcast nationally. 

“
The close partnership with Ecclesiastical 
has been instrumental in enabling 
Wexford Festival Opera and the National 
Opera House to continue to flourish. 
As our valued and trustworthy insurer, 
Ecclesiastical has provided professional 
and efficient advice and support. And as 
an enthusiastic and visionary sponsor, 
Ecclesiastical has provided essential 
’
support to many of Wexford Festival s 
annual opera productions. It has also 
crucially supported from the outset the 

Ecclesiastical Wexford Festival Volunteer 
of the Year Award, which celebrates the 
strong ethos of volunteerism, which has 
been the bedrock of the Festival since 
its foundation. This enduring partnership 
has been so beneficial to the entire 
‘
’ ”
Wexford family . 

David McLoughlin, Chief Executive, 
Wexford Festival Opera 
and The National Opera House 

“
The National Opera House and the 
Wexford Festival Opera are the result 
of great vision combined with great 
passion and the hard work of a dedicated 
group of people. Partnering with the 
Festival and the venue brings the 
specialist knowledge and insurance 
strength of Ecclesiastical together with 
the talent, vision and passion that have 
made The National Opera House and 
the Wexford Festival Opera stand  out 
”
international successes. 

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Mary Kelly, Chairperson, 
Wexford Festival Opera. 

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Strategic Report – Our business model and strategy 

36 

37 

Our business 
model and strategy 

We are a commercial business with a charitable owner and 
purpose, with a distinctive positioning that sets us apart from 
other businesses in the financial services sector. Our purpose 
is to deliver growing financial returns to our shareholder and 
owner, which are then distributed to charitable causes and 
communities, contributing to society’s greater good. We use 
our distinctive proposition to create competitive advantage. 

Fulfil our 
charitable purpose 
– we’re owned 
by a charity 

Deliver growing 
financial returns 
to our owner 

Strive to be the 
most trusted and ethical 
financial services group 

Contribute 
to society’s 
greater good 

Provide products 
and services that 
our customers 
value and trust 

Build enduring 
relationships, 
based on trust 

Develop 
deep specialist 
understanding 
and expertise 

The most trusted specialist insurer 
Our aim is to be the most trusted specialist insurer, offering unrivalled 
expertise and knowledge in our core markets, with appealing customer 
propositions and an excellent claims service that meet the concerns 
and needs of our customers and business partners 

The most trusted specialist adviser 
We aim to be the most trusted specialist adviser in our chosen 
markets, providing our customers with the best independent and 
impartial insurance or financial advice in order to meet their needs 

The best ethical investment provider 
We aim to be the best ethical investment provider and thought leader 
on socially responsible investment. Building on an impressive track 
record, we will continue to enhance our proposition and our ethical 
credentials, leading the debate on the ethical investment issues that 
matter to our customers 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Our business model and strategy 

38 

Section Two 

Strategic Report 

Strategy in action 

39 

40 

Our charitable purpose drives our strategic goal of being 
the most trusted and ethical business in our chosen 
markets. It shapes the way we do business, particularly 
our focus on doing the right thing for our customers 
and business partners. It creates an environment where 
sustainable, long-term value generation is prized over 
short-term results. 

Thanks to our long-term approach, we have built 
long-standing relationships with our customers 
and brokers, as demonstrated by their high levels 
of trust, loyalty and engagement with our business. 
These enduring relationships have helped us build 
deep understanding and expertise within our sectors, 
allowing us to provide highly valued products 
and services. 

These factors combine to support our drive to deliver 
sustainable and growing returns over the long term, 
creating long-term value for our charitable owner and 
demonstrating that a distinctly ethical, specialist financial 
services group can succeed in competitive markets. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Strategy in action 

40 

41 

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Strategy in action 

Our strategic goal is: To be the most trusted and ethical specialist 
financial services group, delivering more than £100m to charity 
and our communities. 

In mid-2020, the Group adapted its strategy, formalising its 
response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The strategy demonstrates 
the Group’s aim to support charities and widens this ethos to its 
communities. This strategy enables our business to focus on 
some of the more immediate needs and opportunities arising 
over the next year, while continuing to have a positive impact 
on the communities that are important to the Group. 

Considerable progress has been made by our business towards 
its donations target and it is expected that this will be achieved 
in 2021. This has been made possible through the endeavours 
of all our businesses across the Ecclesiastical Insurance Group, 
which are focused on meeting the needs of their customers and 
business partners. 

Charitable purpose underpins our business strategy. 
Our business is one of the UK’s top corporate donors and has 
market-leading levels of employee-led community investment. 
Our charitable ethos is demonstrated by a wide variety 
of activities including volunteering, employee-nominated 
charitable grants and employee fundraising. 

Our strategy reflects our response to global trends and the 
external market context, together with the actions needed 
to sustain our distinctive position in our chosen markets. 
We have continued to deliver the key elements of our 
strategy while investing in our businesses and delivering 
value to our customers. 

Most trusted specialist insurer 

We achieve 
this by being 

Trusted – Operating with the highest ethical 
standards and living our customer promise 
and our intermediary promise. 

Strategy in action 

Customer satisfaction 

Specialist – Focusing on customer 
segments where we have sustainable 
competitive advantage 

Customer-led – Delivering a value 
proposition focused on outstanding 
customer experience built on insight, 
innovation, personalised engagement, 
ethics and true product differentiation 

•  Attracted and retained prestigious customers 
across all our segments in all our territories 
with ongoing recognition of valued and 
trusted approach 

•  The first UK insurer to sign the C19 business 

pledge to boost opportunity and social 
mobility in response to the pandemic 

•  Provided local support to our brokers 

and customers with advice on specialist 
topics including risk management, across 
all geographies 

•  A specialist, expert voice, provided 

a roadmap for business resilience and 
published insights into risks in the 
Heritage and Education sectors 

•  Continued to provide tailored support 

to our church customers through our team 
of Church Insurance Consultants (CIC) who 
offer a range of support including 
an introduction to Church insurance 
and risk management guidance 

•  98% overall satisfaction for our 
Ecclesiastical UK claims service 
with an 84% Net Promoter Score 

•  98% of church customers are satisfied 
with our service, with 86% extremely 
or very satisfied 

•  97% of brokers that place business with 
Ecclesiastical UK are satisfied with our 
service, with 83% of brokers stating that 
we understand what truly matters 

1  Excludes ‘don’t know’ responses. Source: Group Insight, January 2021 

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Expert – Possessing outstanding expertise 
in core risk and insurance disciplines 

Efficient – Leveraging innovation and 
technology to keep costs as low as possible 

Agile – Leveraging data and our smaller 
size as an advantage to drive pace 
of decision making 

•  Launched online tailored fundraising advice 

hubs for church customers and charity 
customers, supported by bespoke webinars 
to address specific needs and build resilience 
in the face of Covid-19 

•  Launched the Hub for Education to support 

our educational customers in managing their 
operational and strategic risks 

•  Launched toolkits for brokers to support 

them with their social media presence and 
their mental wellbeing 

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•  81% of brokers that place business with 
Ecclesiastical UK believe that we are 
an ethical and responsible business 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Strategy in action 

42 

43 

Most trusted specialist insurer 

Best ethical investment provider 

Awards and 
accreditations 

Recognised externally for our expertise and 
ethical approach, as evidenced by a number
of awards: 

Ecclesiastical UK: 

Ecclesiastical Canada: 

•  Canada’s Top 100 Employers for Young 

People (8th consecutive year) 

•  Elite Women in Canadian Insurance 

•  Fairer Finance #1 for Home Insurance, 

Spring 2020 and Autumn 2020 
(12th consecutive time) 

•  Greater Toronto Top Employer 

(3rd consecutive year) 

•  Insurance Post Claims & Fraud Awards: 

•  Insurance Business Canada Award 

Personal Lines Team of the Year 

for Woman of Distinction 

•  Insurance Post Claims & Fraud Awards: 

Ecclesiastical Ireland: 

Customer Care Individual 

•  Drum Roses Creative Awards: Gold Award 

Chartered Insurer status 

for Corporate/Promotional Literature 
(Art & Private Client Review magazine) 

Ansvar UK 

•  Chartered Insurance Institute: 

•  Chartered Insurance Institute: 

Chartered Insurer status 

•  Better Society Awards: Pro Bono Company 

of the Year 

•  Cheltenham and Gloucester CII: 

Achiever of the Year and runner-up 

•  Manchester CII: Jubilee Prize for excellence 

in Claims Practice examinations 

We achieve this by 

Promoting socially responsible investment 
– we have an industry-leading reputation 
for our socially responsible investment funds 
and investment thought leadership 

Listening to our clients – we have 
implemented a client feedback programme 
to create greater proximity to our clients 
and their evolving needs 

Strategy in action 

Delivering long-term performance – we use 
a consistent, proven approach to deliver 
long-term investment success 

Developing our products – we are developing 
and deepening our fund offering with 
particular focus on meeting the demands 
of our investors 

Enhancing our infrastructure – we are building 
a platform for growth and increased efficiency 

•  Recognised for responsible and sustainable 

•  Reinforced our thought leadership position 

with responsible investment expert briefings 
and press commentary on topics ranging 
from Fast Fashion to Fossil Fuel Divestment 
and Healthy Futures 

•  Continued to strengthen our distribution 
capabilities including implementation 
of a new customer relationship 
management (CRM) solution 

investment with a strong long-term 
performance record 

•  Acknowledged as a pioneer and thought 

leader in our markets 

•  Continued to engage across the responsible 

investment landscape with membership 
of IIGCC (Institutional Investors Group 
on Climate Change), BBFAW (Business 
Benchmark on Farm Animal Welfare) and 
The 30% Club (to increase gender diversity 
at board and senior management levels) 

•  Published our acclaimed specialist EdenTree 

Insights research with topics including 
The future of road transport; Animals, 
business and investment; and Supply chains: 
at the heart of business 

Awards and 
accreditations 

•  Moneyfacts Best Ethical Investment Prov 

ider 

(12th consecutive award) 

•  Investment Week Sustainable & ESG 

Investment Awards: Outstanding 
Contribution to the Industry (Sue Round) 

•  Retained Tier I Status under 

the Stewardship Code 

•  Sustained A+ rating for Strategy and 

Governance in the PRI Transparency Report 

•  Gained eighth accreditation under 

the European SRI Transparency Code 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section Two 

Strategic Report 

Key Performance Indicators 

Financial 

Non  financial 

-

45 

46 

48 

Strategic Report – Strategy in action 

44 

Most trusted specialist adviser 

We achieve this by 

Providing excellent service – building 
long-term sustainable relationships with 
our customers and their insurers 

Building our business – delivering growth 
by developing new offerings and schemes 
which complement our existing niche markets 

Strengthening our proposition – deepening 
our expertise further in our chosen markets, 
cementing our position as market leaders 
in these areas 

Working more closely together 
– developing closer operational links across 
the Group to offer solutions that meet our 
customers’ needs 

Strategy in action 

•  Maintained supportive and responsible 

•  Assessed behavioural insights to enhance 

service during Covid-19 lockdown 

broker etrade user experience 

Customer satisfaction 

Awards and 
accreditations 

•  Introduced product cover adaptations 
quickly to support customers as their 
business models evolved due to the Covid-19 
pandemic. Worked with carriers to reduce 
premiums to reflect less usage (SEIB) 

•  Provided a comprehensive and efficient bridge 
to carriers to support business interruption 
claims queries from their customers 

•  Created new schemes in response 

to understanding specialist client needs 

•  Created quick win opportunities to support 
customer propositions across the Broking 
and advisory division 

•  Acquired WRS Insurance Brokers, 

strengthening our proposition to charities, 
churches and community groups 
•  Continued to meet the key financial 

concerns of clergy and church-related 
people and offered financial support 
seminars in a number of dioceses (EFAS) 

•  High levels of customer satisfaction 

in broking: 
–  97% of customers satisfied with the serv 

ice 

(SEIB) 

–  85% of customers extremely or very 
satisfied with the service (EFAS) 
–  97% of customers extremely or very 

satisfied (Lycetts*) 

•  100% very/extremely satisfied score from 

funeral directors for the second year 
(Ecclesiastical Planning Services (EPSL))* 

•  100% satisfaction across the recently-

acquired Funeral Planning Services book, 
a significant improvement on their 
previous scores (EPSL*) 

*part of the Ecclesiastical Insurance Group 

•  British Claims Awards, Personal Lines 

• Highly commended for the following awards: 

Broker of the Year (SEIB) 

•  Excellence in CII diploma examinations 

– the Kemp Prize, Chelmsford and South 
Essex CII (SEIB) 

•  Chartered Insurance Broker status 

across all the Group’s broking businesses 
(SEIB / Lycetts* / Lloyd & Whyte*) 

–Young Insurance Woman (SEIB) 
–Insurance Age UK Broker Awards: 

Marketing and Customer Engagement 
Award (SEIB) and Covid-19 Response 
Award (SEIB) 

*part of the Ecclesiastical Insurance Group 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Key Performance Indicators 

46 

47 

Key Performance Indicators 
Financial 

Measure 

Performance 

Measure 

Performance 

Donations 
The amount donated 
by Ecclesiastical to charities, 
including our charitable 
owner, each year. 
This is the main measure 
of our ambition, which 
is to exceed £100m 
in charitable giving 
by September 2021. 

Regulatory capital1 
The Group’s regulatory 
capital requirements are 
defined under the Solvency II 
directive as issued by the 
European Union and adopted 
by the Prudential Regulation 
Authority (PRA). 

As the Group assessment 
is conducted at the level 
of Ecclesiastical Insurance 
Group plc, the following refers 
to the regulatory capital 
of Ecclesiastical Insurance 
Group plc (Ecclesiastical 
Insurance Office Group’s 
parent company). 

The Solvency Capital 
Requirement (SCR) 
is a risk-based statistical 
calculation that quantifies 
risks specific to our business. 
The Group sets a target level 
of capital that is in excess 
of the SCR to ensure 
ongoing compliance. 

Despite the impacts of Covid-19, 
the Group has continued to give to charity 
and donated £2.7m during 2020. 

£m 

40 -

The original target of £100m by 2020 
was extended and enhanced to reach more 
than £100m by September 2021. 

30 -

24.7

27.5

32.5 

18.8 

20 -

10 -

0 -

2.7 

2016  2017  2018  2019  2020 

Ecclesiastical’s capital cover under 
Solvency II has remained broadly stable. 

£m 

Solvency II capital cover 
(unaudited)

During 2020, own funds reduced largely
reflecting unrealised losses on equity 
investment assets held for the long term,
together with the impact of reduced
discount rates applied to Pension Fund
and General Insurance liabilities. Significant 
improvement in equity markets occurred 
after the initial Covid-19 related impacts,
although overall capital cover has reduced 
for the year because reductions in the
market risk are offset by less available 
future tax absorbency remaining, 
and insurance risk has increased, driven 
by higher opening discounted reserves. 

The figures for 2020 are based on the 
information provided to the Board as part
of their ongoing management of the
business and are unaudited. 

We continue to balance the need to retain 
profit within the business, to support our 
strategy for future growth and investment 
in technology and innovation, with our 
aspiration to meet charitable giving targets. 

600 -

500 -

400 -

300 -

200 -

100 -

0 -

199  269 
292
278 

295 
257

306  256 
264  263 

2016  2017  2018  2019  2020 
(ii) 

(ii) 

(i) 

(i) 

SCR (£m) 
Excess own funds (£m) 
Capital cover (%) 

(i) the 2017 and 2018 figures are audited and
reflect figures from the Company’s published 
Solvency and Financial Condition Report which 
is available via the Company’s website 

(ii) the 2018 and 2019 own funds are audited and 
reflect figures from the Company’s published 
Solvency and Financial Condition Report which 
is available via the Company’s website 

Profit or loss 
before tax 
The Group’s profit before 
deduction of tax. 

The Group reported a loss before tax in 2020 
of £15.7m (2019: profit before tax £73.3m) 
as a result of market impacts, largely
from the Covid-19 pandemic, impacting
the investment return. 

Our Broking and Advisory business continued 
to contribute profits to the Group result while
our Investment Management business reported 
a small loss due to continued investment
in infrastructure.

£m 

80 -

60 -

40 -

20 -

0 -

82.2 

73.3 

62.5 

15.4 

(15.7) 

% 

- 250%

- 200% 

- 150% 

- 100% 

- 50% 

- 0 % 

Each year, refreshed targets 
are set in relation to the 
Group’s business plans for 
profit before tax. Details 
of the target that was set 
for 2020 can be found in the
Group Remuneration Report 
on page 136. Our short-term 
target is to generate 
sufficient profit to enable 
us to meet our targets for 
charitable donations. 

Combined operating 
ratio1 (COR) 
The sum of Ecclesiastical’s 
general insurance incurred 
losses and expenses divided
by earned premiums for each 
financial year. 

Each year, refreshed targets 
are set in relation to the 
Group’s business plans for 
the Group COR. Details of 
the target that was set for
2020 can be found in the 
Group Remuneration Report 
on page 136. Our target over
the longer term is to achieve
a 95% COR.

More information on underwriting performance1 
is given below. 

(20) -

See the Financial Performance Report within 
the Strategic Report for more details. 

2016  2017  2018  2019  2020

Profit/(loss) before tax 
Underwriting profit1 

In 2020, the ratio was slightly above the longer 
term target. This reflects the impact of Covid-19,
adverse weather events in Australia and Canada 
and the anticipated lower prior year releases
and reserves strengthening.

The Group continues to keep underwriting and
pricing discipline at the centre of its strategy, 
prioritising profit over growth in the competitive 
business environment. 

For a breakdown of how COR is calculated,
see note 36 to the financial statements.

See the Financial Performance Report within 
the Strategic Report for more details. 

%

105 -

100 -

95 -

90 -

85 -

80 -

95.1

91.1

89.8

86.9

86.4

2016  2017  2018  2019  2020

Longer-term target

1  Alternative performance measure, refer to note 36 to the financial statements for further explanation. 

1  Alternative performance measure, refer to note 36 to the financial statements for further explanation. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section Two 

Strategic Report 

Financial Performance Report 

49 

50 

Strategic Report – Key Performance Indicators 

48 

Measure 

Performance 

Our NER decreased in 2020 to 52.4% driven 
by a 9.6% increase in net earned premium. 
Expenses continue to include our programme 
of strategic investment in technology, 
our people, innovation and loss prevention 
along with specialist risk management 
services that help to protect organisations 
and irreplaceable heritage. 

For a breakdown of how NER is calculated, 
see note 36 to the financial statements. 

Despite political and economic challenges, 
the year ended with far less uncertainty and 
volatility compared to what was experienced 
from March 2020 as markets reacted 
to the measures taken by governments 
to tackle Covid-19. 

The pandemic resulted in a challenging year, 
limiting the assets clients had available to invest, 
in particular charities. Against this backdrop, 
total net new inflows were £58m. 

Net expense ratio1 
(NER) 
Total expenses as 
a proportion of the net 
premium earned in the 
year. These expenses 
include acquisition costs, 
administration costs, 
the movement in deferred 
acquisition costs and 
commission paid less 
commission received. 

Our aim is to make 
year-on-year improvements 
in the NER. However, in the 
short term we expect NER 
to reflect a planned increase 
in strategic investment. 

Net inflows1 
(Investment 
Management) 
Net inflows are the 
difference between the 
funds invested and the funds 
withdrawn during the period 
by third parties in the range 
of funds our Investment 
Management division offers. 

Net inflows contribute to 
funds under management 
which is a key driver of the 
division’s revenue. 

Each year, refreshed targets 
are set which take into 
account current market 
conditions and potential 
new initiatives. 

1 Alternative performance measure, refer to note 36 to the financial statements for further explanation. 

Key Performance Indicators 
Non-Financial 

We place equal importance on financial and non-financial key performance indicators. 
Details of the non-financial performance indicators can be found within our Strategy 
in action section starting on page 40 and our Corporate Responsibility Report starting 
on page 78. 

(%) 

100 -

80 -

60 - 51.5  53.6  54.5  53.0  52.4 

40 -

20 -

0 -

£m 

250 -

200 -

150 -

100 -

50 -

2016  2017  2018  2019  2020 

204 

173 

61 

58 

(38) 

0 -

(50) -

2016  2017  2018  2019  2020 

Comparatives have been updated to reflect 
the inclusion of certain third party net flows 
previously excluded. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two  
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Financial Performance Report 

50 

51 

Financial Performance Report 

The year 2020 has been one of the most challenging in living 
memory for us, our brokers and our customers. It has challenged 
us in ways we might never have expected but demonstrated 
the importance of Ecclesiastical’s purpose and its financial 
and operational resilience. 

We entered 2020 from a position of strength, 
but as the global economy slowed from 
the impacts of the pandemic, our financial 
performance suffered in line with the rest 
of the economy. The real measure of our 
performance in 2020 however has been 
how we responded to support our customers, 
brokers, people and communities. 

Following a strong financial performance 
in 2019, reported loss before tax of 
£15.7m1 (2019: profit before tax £73.3m) 
was principally due to investment losses 
experienced after significant market falls in 
the first half of the year, offset by steady gains 
later in the year. The Group’s underwriting 
businesses reported profit of £12.1m (2019: 
£20.0m) after £18.7m for Covid-19 related 
claims where there is confirmed cover, 
demonstrating continued progress in our 
underlying performance. To ensure the Group 
delivers sustainable profitable growth, we 
have continued to make strategic investments 
in technology, property and our people 
and this is reflected both in our capital 
expenditure and other costs. 

We continue to be a trusted partner to our 
customers and brokers, and this is reflected 
in our strong retention and satisfaction levels, 
which have supported our growth in gross 
written premiums (GWP) of more than 10%. 
Despite the unprecedented challenges 
of 2020, we have continued to invest in the 
future of our business, including development 
of our new insurance underwriting platform 
and our new head office. 

Our business is managed with a long-term 
view of risk and as a result, we have a strong 
capital position that can withstand short-term 
volatility and our strong credit ratings with 
S&P and AM Best were both reaffirmed during 
the second quarter of 2020. Our Solvency II 
regulatory capital position remains above 
regulatory requirements and risk appetite 
and was further supported with the issuance 
of €30m subordinated debt in February 2021, 
as the Group seeks to take advantage 
of profitable growth opportunities. 

General insurance 
The Group’s underwriting businesses have 
proven resilient in 2020, reporting a Combined 
Operating Ratio2 (COR) of 95.1% (2019: 91.1%). 
Underlying underwriting performance has 
been resilient, despite the impact of adverse 
weather events in Australia and Canada 
and the impacts of anticipated lower prior 
year releases and reserves strengthening. 
Our strategy has continued to deliver 
moderate GWP growth by maintaining our 
strong underwriting discipline and focusing 
on profit over growth. GWP grew 11% 
to £437m (2019: £394m), supported by 
retention and rate increases as well as new 
business towards the later part of the year. 

United Kingdom and Ireland 
In the UK and Ireland, financial year 
underwriting profits decreased to £12.3m 
(2019: £20.4m) giving a COR of 92.5% (2019: 
86.8%) and GWP grew by 7.6% to £276.6m 
(2019: £257.1m). This represents another 
strong performance with positive results 
on both the property and liability accounts. 
As expected, the level of prior year releases 
during 2020 was significantly lower than 
in 2019. The run-off of unprofitable business 
exited in 2012 and 2013, combined with our 
prudent approach to reserving have positively 
impacted the overall result over the last four 
years. We would expect to continue to see 
a modest level of prior year releases, 
but with a greater contribution coming from 
our current year underwriting performance. 

Both property and casualty accounts 
generated net underwriting profits 
on a current year basis, despite the impacts 
of Covid-19 and a significant church fire. 
Current year loss ratios are in line with 
expectations, reflecting favourable 
underlying claims performance and fewer 
weather events. We have also seen the 
benefit of rate increases in a number 
of portfolios. 

1  Further details can be found in note 5 to the financial statements. 

2  Alternative performance measures, refer to note 36 to the financial statements for further information. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Financial Performance Report 

52 

53 

Ansvar Australia 
Our Australian business reported 
an underwriting loss of AUD$1.2m resulting 
in a COR of 102.2% (2019: AUD$6.0m 
loss, COR of 114.1%). GWP grew by 18.5% 
in local currency to AUD$149.9m (2019: 
AUD$126.5m) with strong new business 
growth, retention and rate increases. 
Action has been taken to exit from 
unprofitable business and the current 
year performance of the ongoing business 
has shown improvement over 2019. 
The property account was adversely 
impacted by early 2020 weather events 
and Covid-19 related claims and the liability 
account was strengthened for physical 
and sexual abuse (PSA) reserves to reflect 
higher claims reported in 2020. 

Canada 
Our Canadian business continued its track 
record of delivering premium growth, 
reporting a 20.2% increase at CAD$131.5m 
(2019: CAD$109.5m) supported by strong 
retention, growth in new business and 
rate increases. 

Canada reported an underwriting profit 
of CAD$7.4m resulting in a COR of 91.2% 
(2019: CAD$3.4m profit, COR of 95.1%). 
Despite the impact from Covid-19 and 
two weather events, the property book 
performed well, driven by fewer large 
losses and a favourable development 
on prior year claims. The liability 
account also performed well delivering 
an underwriting profit despite some 
adverse development on prior year claims. 

Trading conditions remained competitive 
and we expect this to continue in a number 
of areas. The education sector was 
particularly competitive, although 
we observed some market hardening 
in property, specifically for larger 
property exposures. We have continued 
to achieve high levels of retention and 
carried positive rate change where needed, 
whilst continuing to have very strong 
customer satisfaction and Net Promoter 
Scores across the UK and Ireland. Market 
hardening in some property lines and 
a strong operational response to keep 
trading through Covid-19 has also enabled 
us to bring on good levels of new business 
at the required rate, and our Real Estate, 
Heritage and Art & Private Client business 
delivered particularly strong growth 
during 2020. GWP in respect of our Faith 
business remained in line with prior year 
reflecting a good result in challenging 
market conditions. 

We expect the market to continue 
to harden in some parts of the property 
portfolio as competitors correct portfolios, 
and also in some parts of the casualty 
sector. Education is likely to remain a key 
competitive area as the UK Government’s 
risk protection arrangement (RPA) attracts 
local authority maintained schools 
in addition to academies. This has left the 
independent schools sector at increased 
competition from all education insurers. 

Our strategy over the medium term 
is to deliver moderate GWP growth, 
while maintaining our strong underwriting 
discipline, as our philosophy is to seek 
only profitable growth. We will continue 
to deepen our specialist capabilities 
through investment in technology and 
innovation together with the propositions 
and excellent service that our 
customers value. 

Investment Management 
The Group’s investment management 
business, EdenTree, incurred a loss 
before tax for the year of £1.0m (2019: 
loss before tax £0.3m) as it continued 
to invest in infrastructure. The Covid-19 
pandemic resulted in a challenging year, 
limiting the assets clients had available 
to invest, in particular charities. Against this 
backdrop, EdenTree were pleased to report 
£58m of net new money for the year having 
reached a historic high of £204m in 2019. 

Global equity markets dipped significantly 
in March and April due to the pandemic, 
the recovery accelerating towards the 
back end of the year with some markets 
approaching opening levels. Assets under 
management were £3.1bn (2019: £3.1bn) 
and £2.3bn (2019: £2.3bn) excluding 
assets managed for the Group. 

Net income at £12.4m was slightly 
down (2019: £12.6m). This is due 
to the combination of lower fees 
earned on assets, a trend which 
has been seen across the industry 
in recent years, and market turbulence 
over the course of the year. 

Long-term insurance 

Our life insurance business, which 
is currently closed to new business, 
reported a profit before tax of £0.5m 
for the year (2019: £0.3m). Assets and 
liabilities are well matched, and the small 
profit is in line with our expectations 
for this business. 

Investments 
With the conclusion of a Brexit deal and 
the US election, the year ended with far 
less uncertainty and volatility compared 
to that experienced from March 2020 
as markets reacted to the measures taken 
by governments to tackle Covid-19. 
The Group’s net investment loss of £4.2m 
as compared to the 2019 net investment 
profit of £74.4m can be largely attributed 
to performance of UK equities. The Group’s 
fund nevertheless produced a total return 
ahead of its asset benchmark over the year. 

The lower than expected return 
on investments of £20.9m reflects market 
conditions and reactions to the pandemic 
during 2020 (2019: £26.2m). The impact 
from Covid-19 was also reflected in fair 
value losses on financial instruments 
of £13.6m which contrasted with gains 
of £56.0m in 2019. Whilst 2020 ended 
with less uncertainty, as for all businesses, 
there remains economic uncertainty 
which could impact the performance 
of our investments. However we remain 
confident in our long-term value 
investment philosophy, and are 
relatively defensively positioned. 

Within our UK equity portfolio, small 
and mid-cap bias proved beneficial 
as the FTSE Small-Cap and FTSE 250 
indices outperformed the FTSE All-Share. 

Our directly-held sterling bond portfolio 
underperformed the FTSE Gilts benchmark 
by 5.4%, as the longer dated index 
outperformed on falling yields and 
our portfolio has a higher proportion 
of short dated bonds. 

The downward movement in bond yields 
led to a decrease in the discount rate 
applied to long-tail general insurance 
liabilities. The change in discount rate 
on those liabilities resulted in a £10.9m 
loss recognised within net investment 
return (2019: £9.9m loss). 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Financial Performance Report 

54 

55 

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Broking and advisory 

Outlook 

Whilst the conclusion of Brexit and the 
US election towards the end of 2020 
provided some market stability, we are 
still living with Covid-19 and the economic 
consequences are expected to continue. 
However, the Group’s long-term view 
to managing and investing in the business 
has underpinned its financial resilience 
and strong capital position and we are 
well positioned for the future. 

We remain focused on our vision to be the 
most trusted and ethical financial services 
group, and whilst we can look forward with 
more hope, we will do so whilst continuing 
to exercise caution where we operate 
around uncertainty and market disruption. 
We will continue to focus on delivering 
sustainable profit growth and evolve our 
business for the greater good of society and 
to make a positive impact on people’s lives. 

Denise Cockrem 
Group Chief Financial Officer 

Overall, broking and advisory had modest 
growth in income and profit, reporting 
a profit before tax of £2.4m (2019: £2.1m). 
This area of our business includes 
our insurance broker, SEIB Insurance 
Brokers (SEIB) and our financial advisory 
business, Ecclesiastical Financial Advisory 
Services (EFAS). SEIB reported an increase 
in profit before tax to £2.8m (2019: £2.6m) 
and during the year, extended its own 
range of specialisms with the acquisition 
of WRS Insurance Brokers, recognised 
as specialists in charity, church and 
care and community groups. EFAS 
reported a loss of £0.3m in the year 
(2019: £0.4m loss). 

In addition to these broking and advisory 
businesses our immediate parent company, 
Ecclesiastical Insurance Group holds 
interests in the specialist broker groups 
Lycetts and Lloyd & Whyte and a prepaid 
funeral plan business, Ecclesiastical 
Planning Services. Whilst the results 
of these are not included within the 
Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc Group, 
they are managed together as part 
of Ecclesiastical’s wider broking and 
advisory group of businesses. The broker 
businesses were profitable in 2020 but 
the prepaid funeral plan business was loss 
making as a result of the adverse impacts 
caused by lockdown measures in the UK. 

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‘We will continue to 
focus on delivering 
sustainable profit 
growth and evolve our 
business for the greater 
good of society and to 
make a positive impact 
on people’s lives.’ 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SEIB 
Flexibility for equestrian businesses during Covid-19 

With over 50 years’ experience in the equestrian industry, we remain one 
of the leaders in this specialist field. Working in an industry for this length 
of time, it’s fair to say that there isn’t much that surprises us anymore 
– and then Covid-19 hit. Like everyone else, we knew relatively little about 
the virus,but one thing we were certain about: it was going to have a serious 
effect  on our clients. 

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We immediately set to work reducing 
cover for livery yards and riding schools, 
such as Cheston Farm in South Devon, 
who have been our customer for over 
10 years. This successful riding school 
and livery yard was set up by husband 
and wife team, Sophie and Andrew 
Osborne. As a result of their hard work 
and commitment, the centre boasts 
some of the best facilities in the region 
and plays host to a varied programme 
of competitions, clinics and events. 

-

In March, we made a range of cover 
changes to enable cost  cutting. These 
included the reclassification of 28 tuition 
horses to private horses; removing cover 
for shows, camps and pony clubs, along 
with cover for freelancing, and amending 
the business description as a whole 
to reflect the reduced rating. We made 
further reductions in April, and from May 
onwards, we ve been in regular contact 
with Andrew to increase cover in line 
with the easing of lockdown restrictions. 

’

Over the last seven months, we have 
been working very closely with Sophie 
and Andrew to ensure that their 
insurance cover and price reflected 
only the activities that they were 
allowed to carry out as a result 
of Covid  19 restrictions. 

-

“

Lockdown was like a bolt from the blue. 
Overnight 90% of our income was gone, 
yet 100% of our overheads remained; 
we had to focus quick and hard on all 
of our costs and get them down. 
Furlough saved the staff, moving 
our borrowing to interest-only 

served to protect our reserves, 
and the flexibility of our insurance 
’
offered by SEIB s specialist team 
saved us money – we could turn 
the tap up or down, depending 
on what we were able to do, and 
the policy adjustments that went 
with this were instant. When we 
thanked the team, we were told 
simply, ‘not needed, we are just 
’ ”
doing our job . 

Andrew Osborne, Proprietor, 
Cheston Farm, South Devon 

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Strategic Report 

58 

Section Two 

Strategic Report 

Risk Management Report 

Principal risks 

59 

60 

66 

‘With over 50 years’ 
experience in the 
equestrian industry, 
we remain one of 
the leaders in this 
specialist field.’ 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Risk Management Report 

60 

61 

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Risk Management Report 

Introduction 
Strong governance is fundamental to what we do and drives 
the ongoing embedding of our enterprise-wide risk management 
framework. This provides the tools, guidance, policies, standards 
and defined responsibilities to enable us to achieve our strategy 
and objectives and ensure that individual and aggregated risks 
to our objectives are identified and managed on a consistent basis. 

Risk 
strategy 

Risk appetite 

Risk policies and standards 

Internal model 

Stress and 
scenario 
testing

ORSA 

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Business 
performance and 
capital management 

defence 
d three lines of

an

framework
ntrol
co

Internal

Risk 
management 
process 

Values and culture 

People, systems and processes 

Governance 

The risk management framework is integrated 
into the culture of the Group and is owned 
by the Board. Responsibility for facilitation 
of the implementation and oversight is 
delegated via the Group Chief Executive 
to the Group Risk Function, led by the Group 
Chief Risk and Compliance Officer. 

of a strong Three Lines of Defence 
Model whereby: 
• 1st Line (Business Management) 

is responsible for strategy execution, 
performance and identification and 
management of risks and application 
of appropriate controls; 

The risk management process demands 
accountability and is embedded 
in performance measurement and reward, 
thus promoting clear ownership for risk 
and operational efficiency at all levels. 
On an annual basis, the Group Risk Committee 
(GRC), on behalf of the Board, carries out a 
formal review of the key strategic risks for the 
Group with input from the Group Management 
Board (GMB) and the Strategic Business Units 
(SBUs). The GRC allocates responsibility 
for each of the risks to individual members 
of the Group’s executive management team. 
Formal monitoring of the key strategic risks 
is undertaken quarterly including progress 
of risk management actions and is overseen 
by executive risk committees. 

Ecclesiastical has clearly defined the 
accountabilities, roles and responsibilities 
of all key stakeholders in implementing 
and maintaining its Risk Management 
Framework. These are defined, documented 
and implemented through the terms 
of reference of board sub committees, 
management and executive forums, position 
descriptions and functional charters. 

The Group’s Risk Management Framework 
is part of a wider Internal Control Framework. 
Systems of internal control are designed 
to manage rather than eliminate the risk 
of failure to achieve business objectives, 
and provide reasonable, but not absolute 
assurance as to the prevention and detection 
of financial misstatements, errors, fraud 
or violation of law or regulations. 

Key to the successful operation of the 
internal control framework is the deployment 

• 2nd Line (Reporting, Oversight and Guidance) 

is responsible for assisting the Board 
in formulating risk appetite, establishing 
minimum standards, developing appropriate 
risk management tools, providing oversight 
and challenge of risk profiles and risk 
management activities within each of the 
business units and providing risk reporting 
to executive management and the Board. 
• 3rd Line (Assurance) provides independent 

and objective assurance of the effectiveness 
of the Group’s systems of internal control. 
This activity principally comprises the 
Internal Audit function which is subject 
to oversight and challenge by the Group 
Audit Committee. 

We seek to develop and improve our risk 
management framework and strategy 
on an ongoing basis to ensure it continues 
to support the delivery of our strategy 
and objectives. 

The Group risk appetite defines the level 
of risk-taking that the Board considers 
to be appropriate for the Group as we pursue 
our business objectives. It is defined in line 
with the different categories of risk that the 
Group faces, and provides the backdrop 
against which the business plan is developed 
and validated. This ensures that the risk profile 
resulting from the business plan is in line 
with the risk-taking expectations of the Board. 
Compliance with the risk appetite is formally 
monitored every quarter and reported 
to the GRC at each meeting. 

The risk appetite is formally reviewed 
annually with approval and sign-off by the 
Board and there are ongoing assessments 
to ensure its continued appropriateness 
for the business. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Risk Management Report 

62 

63 

The Own Risk and Solvency Assessment 
(ORSA) process is carried out at least once 
a year and is a key part of the business 
management and governance structure. 
This integrates the risk management, 
business planning and capital management 
activities and ensures that risk, capital and 
solvency considerations are built into the 
development and monitoring of the Group’s 
business strategy and plans and all key 
decision making. 

The Group has regulatory approval for the 
use of an Internal Model to determine our 
regulatory capital requirement. In addition, 
the Internal Model’s capability to quantify 
material risks and assess the impacts 
on capital requirements across a range 
of scenarios allows us to gain a deeper 
insight into the relationship between risk 
and capital management. 

The Internal Model is used extensively 
to inform key business decisions across 
the Group, including setting business 
strategies and objectives, producing risk 
profiles and capital requirements for different 
scenarios, informing risk taking guidelines, 
informing and defining the Group risk appetite 
and Investment Strategy, determining risk 
mitigation mechanisms and responses 
to regulatory capital requirements. 

Risk environment 
The risk environment is monitored 
on an ongoing basis and key areas of concern 
are escalated to the Group Risk Committee. 

The Covid-19 pandemic has had 
a wide-ranging impact on the Group 
and the environment in which we operate. 
The management of various risks arising 
from the evolving position has been 
co-ordinated by the GMB. As well 
as significant operational implications there 
were impacts on the insurance policies 
written by Group companies and 
on the Group’s investment assets. 

A Crisis Management Team (CMT) was 
convened as the Group’s Business Continuity 
Plans were triggered, and this remained 
in place throughout the year to oversee 
the ongoing management of operational 
elements. The primary focus of the CMT was 
oversight of the effective transition to remote 
working, with particular emphasis on people 
and technology. This event provided the 
Group an opportunity to test its operational 
resilience in practice and overall the required 
activity was completed successfully over 
a relatively short time period. 

Responses to other specific risk-types were 
delegated to existing bodies within the risk 
framework, with focused management groups 
set up where considered appropriate. 

The UK based general insurance business 
was one of the eight insurers involved 
in a test case brought by the Financial 
Conduct Authority to seek clarity on the 
eligibility of business interruption claims 
linked to Covid-19. The judgement confirmed 
that losses arising from the Covid-19 
pandemic were not covered by our BI policies 
considered in the case. This high profile case 
had potential reputational implications for the 
whole insurance industry. However, there 
are a small number of policies that do provide 
cover and appropriate provisions are in place. 

Substantial falls in equity markets during the 
first quarter of 2020, as the pandemic took 
hold globally, adversely affected the value 
of our investment assets. We monitored 
markets closely and used derivatives to 
provide protection against the risk of further 
falls, though overall we maintained our 
existing investment approach and made 
no material changes to our asset mix. 
Markets at least partially recovered later 
in the year and we continue to hold 
a diversified portfolio of assets including 
equities which we believe remain a good 
prospect for long-term returns. Consequently, 
we continue to take a relatively high level 
of market risk, which is well understood 
and closely managed. 

Uncertainty around the eventual outcome 
of Brexit negotiations continued during 2020. 
The main risk identified for the Group 
as a result of Brexit was the loss of our 
ability to carry out business in the Republic 
of Ireland using the freedom to provide 
services previously afforded by the United 
Kingdom’s membership of the EU. To mitigate 
this risk the Ireland branch has been granted 
authorisation by the Central Bank of Ireland 
to operate as a Third Country Branch ensuring 
continuity of operations for our customers. 

The profitable management of our insurance 
businesses on a portfolio basis in hardening 
markets continues to be a key area of 
focus for the Group; ensuring that the 
business written and retained is profitable 
and sustainable. Competitor activity is an 
ever-present risk across all our business 
operations and chosen niches and 2020 was 
no exception. Our strategy remains to achieve 
controlled and profitable growth within our 
defined specialist niches. During 2020 there 
have been improvements in rate strength and 
we have maintained our strong underwriting 
discipline and risk appetite. 

The potential for adverse development 
of long-tail liability claims, particularly 
in respect of PSA claims, remains a key 
risk that we continue to actively manage. 
The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual 
Abuse in the UK is progressing and we 
participated in one of the investigations 
that delivered its report in 2020. Further 
investigations as part of the Inquiry are 
underway and we continue to monitor these 
and also developments in the other territories 
in which we operate, to determine the 
potential impacts on such claims. 

The Covid-19 pandemic was the trigger for 
a high volume of regulatory guidance issued 
in all territories during 2020. Consequently, 
some other elements of regulatory change 
have been delayed, though we expect 
the pace of change to increase again 
as we move forward. Management of change 
in the regulatory environment continues 
to be a focus to ensure that we operate within 

relevant legal, regulatory and consumer 
protection requirements and guidelines and 
that our people maintain the highest standards 
of conduct with continued commitment to 
placing customers at the centre of everything 
we do. 

Cyber risk remains a constantly evolving 
threat due to the threat of zero-day attack. 
We hold customer data and therefore any 
event involving a significant loss of such data 
could result in harm to the data subjects, 
significant operational disruption and 
an impact on our service to customers 
as well as sizeable regulatory fines and 
reputational damage. The increased societal 
focus on data security and appropriateness 
of use, through regulations such as GDPR, 
results in increased scrutiny and prominence. 
Threat actors view the disruption arising from 
the move to a remote working environment 
as an exploitable opportunity and there has 
been a general increase in social engineering 
and phishing attacks across the financial 
sector.  Employee awareness and vigilance 
is therefore highly important at this time and 
the Group operates an ongoing programme 
of training and awareness exercises. 

The Group aims to be the most trusted, 
specialist insurer and therefore maintaining 
a positive reputation is critical. Our reputation 
could potentially be damaged as a result 
of a range of factors including poor business 
practices and behaviours. High standards 
of conduct are a core part of the Group’s 
brand, values and culture and there is an 
ongoing focus on ensuring this is maintained. 

Climate change presents increasing levels 
of risk to our businesses and our customers. 
Whilst the greatest impacts of these risks 
are expected to materialise in the medium 
to long term, it is important that we take 
actions to mitigate and manage these risks 
now. Our exposures to climate change 
risk include transition risk, primarily related 
to our investment portfolio, and physical risk 
which additionally affects the insurance 
risks that we cover. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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EdenTree Investment Management 
Making a difference for three decades 

This year, for the twelfth consecutive year, EdenTree celebrated 
winning ‘Best Ethical Investment Provider’ at the Moneyfacts 
Investment Life & Pensions Awards. 

’

As one of the pioneers of responsible 
and sustainable investment, such 
longstanding recognition – in an award 
that s become increasingly competitive 
in recent years – is a testament to how 
we continue to lead in this market 
after more than thirty years. 
That s because for us, responsible 
and sustainable investing isn t a fad. 
Instead, it s a long  term dedication 
-
to achieving profits with principles. 

’

’

’

experienced team, which has over 100 
years of combined experience investing 
to make a difference. 

“

’

Repeatedly, we ve found that these 
credentials, and our rigorous responsible 
and sustainable investment process, 
have helped us to continually act 
as responsible stewards of our clients 
’ 
capital over the long term; avoiding 
the ‘greenwash’ seen with increasing 
frequency elsewhere in the marketplace. 

’

-

One of the things that made me excited 
to join EdenTree was the company s 
thirty  year track record of responsible 
and sustainable investing – there are 
very few others in the market that can 
claim that. We know that we have 
a great business and the right platform 
for our next stage of growth, with 
an authenticity that is hard to match. 
I am looking forward to working with 
the team to further our success 
in the future. 
”

While other asset managers are jumping 
on the environmental, social and 
governance (ESG) investing band wagon, 
EdenTree can point to authenticity that 
stems from longevity, and to a highly 

And since the Best Ethical Investment 
Provider’ award is voted for by the 
financial adviser community itself, 
it s proof that our clients know this. 

’

Andy Clark, 
Chief Executive Officer 
EdenTree Investment Management 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Principal risks 

66 

67 

Principal risks 

There is an ongoing risk assessment process which has identified the current principal risks for the Group as follows: 

Insurance risk 
The risk that arises from the fluctuation in the timing, frequency and severity of insured events 
relative to the expectations of the firm at the time of underwriting. 

Risk detail 

Key mitigants 

Change from last year* 

Risk detail 

Key mitigants 

Underwriting risk1 
The risk of failure to 
price insurance products 
adequately and failure 
to establish appropriate 
underwriting disciplines. 
The premium charged must 
be appropriate for the nature 
of the cover provided and the 
risk presented to the Group. 
Disciplined underwriting 
is vital to ensure that 
only business within the 
Company’s risk appetite 
and desired niches is written. 

Reserving risk1 
Reserving risk is the risk 
of actual claims payments 
exceeding the amounts 
we are holding in reserves. 
This arises primarily 
from our long-tail liability 
business. Failure to interpret 
emerging experience or fully 
understand the risks written 
could result in the Group 
holding insufficient reserves 
to meet our obligations. 

•  A robust pricing process is in place 
•  The Underwriting Licencing process has been refreshed 
•  A documented underwriting strategy and risk appetite 
is in place together with standards and guidance and 
monitored by SBUs 

•  This is supported by formally documented authority levels 

for all underwriters which must be adhered to. Local checking 
procedures ensure compliance 

•  Monitoring of rate strength compared with technical rate 

is undertaken on a regular basis within SBUs 

•  There are ongoing targeted underwriting training 

programmes in place 

•  A portfolio management framework is in place to ensure clear 

understanding and allow targeted actions to be taken 

•  Claims development and reserving levels are closely 

monitored by the Group Reserving team 

•  For statutory and financial reporting purposes, prudential 
margins are added to a best estimate outcome to allow 
for uncertainties 

•  Claims reserves are reviewed and signed-off by the Board 

acting on the advice and recommendations of the Group Chief 
Actuary following review by the Reserving Committee. 
•  An independent review is also conducted by the Actuarial 

Function Director with reporting to the Board 

There have not been material 
changes to this risk during 
the year. 

This risk is not considered 
to have changed materially 
during the year. Whilst the 
majority of our policies have 
been found not to respond 
to Covid-19 claims we have 
made appropriate provision 
where cover is in place. 
A rise in numbers of Physical 
and Sexual Abuse claims 
in the Australian business 
over the past year has led 
to an increase in reserves. 

•  Modelling is undertaken to understand the risk profile 

and inform the purchase of reinsurance 

•  There is a comprehensive reinsurance programme in place 

to protect against extreme events. All placements are 
reviewed and approved by the Group Reinsurance Board 

•  Exposure monitoring is undertaken on a regular basis 
•  A Catastrophe Risk Management Group provides oversight 

and sign off of reinsurance modelling 

•  The Group Risk Appetite specifies the reinsurance purchase 

levels and retention levels for such events. 

•  Local risk appetite limits have been established to manage 
concentrations of risk and these are monitored by SBUs 

•  We take a long-term view of reinsurance relationships 

to deliver sustainable capacity 

•  A well-diversified panel of reinsurers is maintained 

for each element of the programme 

•  A Group Reinsurance Board approves all strategic 

reinsurance decisions 

Catastrophe risk1 
The risk of large scale
extreme events giving 
rise to significant insured 
losses. Through our general 
insurance business 
we are exposed to significant 
natural catastrophes 
in the territories in which 
we do business. 

Reinsurance risk 
The risk of failing to access 
and manage reinsurance 
capacity at a reasonable 
price. Reinsurance is a 
central component of our 
business model, enabling us 
to insure a portfolio of large 
risks in proportion to our 
capital base. 

Change from last year* 

There have been no 
material changes to this risk. 
We continue to monitor our 
aggregations and exposures 
to such events and ensure 
careful management utilising 
appropriate protections. 

The level of this risk 
has remained broadly 
similar since last year. 
Reinsurance markets 
experienced significant 
challenges during 2020 
due to the impact of Covid-19 
claims. This resulted 
in tightening of criteria 
and capacity in certain 
areas. We continue to take 
a long term approach to our 
reinsurance relationships. 

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1  Link to viability statement – risk included in stress and scenario analysis 

*  change arrows reflect movement in underlying risks 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Principal risks 

68 

69 

Other financial risks 
The risk that proceeds from financial assets are not sufficient to fund the obligations arising 
from insurance contracts. 

Risk detail 

Key mitigants 

Change from last year* 

Risk detail 

Key mitigants 

Change from last year* 

•  An investment strategy is in place which is reviewed at least 

annually and signed off by the Finance and Investment
Committee (F&I). This includes consideration of the Group’s 
liabilities and capital requirements 

•  A Market and Investment Risk Committee is in place and 
provides oversight and challenge of these risks and the 
agreed actions. There is a formalised escalation process 
to GMB and F&I in place 

•  There are risk appetite metrics in place which are agreed 

by the Board and include limits on Asset / Liability Matching 
and the management of investment assets 

•  Derivative instruments are used to hedge elements of market 

risk, notably equity and currency. Their use is monitored 
to ensure effective management of risk 

•  There is tracking of risk metrics to provide early warning 

indicators of changes in the market environment 

Further information on this risk is given in note 4 
to the financial statements. 

Overall the market risk 
profile has not materially 
changed and we remain 
invested for the long term. 
Markets experienced 
significant volatility during 
2020 and, whilst values 
had largely recovered 
by the year-end, there 
remains uncertainty around 
the future economic outlook 
and global socio-political 
developments, which 
we continue to monitor. 

•  Strict ratings criteria are in place for the reinsurers that 
we contract with and a Reinsurance Security Committee
approves all of our reinsurance partners

•  Group Reinsurance monitors the market to identify changes

in the credit standing of reinsurers 

•  There are risk appetite limits in place in respect of reinsurance 

counterparties which are agreed by the Board

•  Strong credit control processes are in place to manage broker

and policyholder exposures

The economic impact 
of Covid-19 on both reinsurers 
and our policyholders has 
increased the inherent 
likelihood of this risk, though 
we have seen no evidence 
of this crystallising. 

Further information on this risk is given in note 4 
to the financial statements. 

Market and 
investment risk1 
The risk of adverse 
movements in net asset 
values arising from a change 
in interest rates, equity 
and property prices, credit 
spreads and foreign exchange 
rates. This principally arises 
from investments held by 
the Group. We actively take 
such risks to seek enhanced 
returns on these investments. 

The Group’s balance sheet 
is also exposed to market 
risk within the defined 
benefit pension fund. 

Credit risk1 
The risk that a counterparty, 
for example a reinsurer, 
fails to perform its financial 
obligations to the Company 
or does not perform them 
in a timely manner resulting 
in a loss for the Group. 
The principal exposure 
to credit risk arises from 
reinsurance, which is central 
to our business model. Other 
elements are our investment 
in debt securities, cash 
deposits and amounts owed 
to us by intermediaries 
and policyholders. 

Liquidity risk 
The risk that the Group, 
although solvent, either does 
not have sufficient financial 
resources available to enable 
it to meet its obligations 
as they fall due, or can secure 
them only at excessive 
cost. We may need to pay 
significant amounts of claims 
at short notice if there 
is a natural catastrophe 
or other large event in order 
to deliver on our promise 
to our customers. 

Climate change 
The financial risks arising 
through climate change. 
The key impacts for the 
Company are physical risks 
(event driven or longer 
term shifts), the transition 
risks of moving towards 
a lower carbon economy 
and liability risks associated 
with the potential for 
litigation arising from 
an inadequate response. 

•  We hold a high proportion of our assets in readily realisable 
investments to ensure we could respond to such a scenario 

•  We maintain cash balances that are spread over 

There have been no material 
changes to this risk since 
last year. 

several banks 

•  We have arrangements within our reinsurance contracts 
for reinsurers to pay recoverables on claims in advance 
of the claim settlement 

•  Catastrophe risk is managed through reinsurance models 
•  We consider flood risk and other weather-related risk factors 

in insurance risk selection 

•  There is an ESG overlay on the Investment Strategy 

A programme of work 
continues to fully analyse 
the impact on the Group and 
to develop appropriate risk 
management responses. 

The Group has effected 
changes to its investment 
policy to: 
•  exclude investment 

in companies that are 
wholly or mainly involved 
in fossil fuel exploration 
and production and 
thermal coal. 

•  monitor the overall 

carbon profile and intensity 
of companies and, through 
its Fund Manager, engage 
with the highest emitters, 
and urge the setting 
of science-based targets 
aligned with the 
Paris Agreement. 

•  seek opportunities to invest 
in areas that are leading the 
transition to a low carbon 
economy, where these 
also meet robust 
investment criteria. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Principal risks 

70 

71 

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Operational risk 
The risk of loss arising from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, 
or from external events 

Risk detail 

Key mitigants 

Change from last year* 

Risk detail 

Key mitigants 

•  A defined IT Strategy is in place 
•  Systems monitoring is in place together with regular systems

and data backups 

•  A strategic systems programme is underway to deliver 

improved systems, processes and data 

•  Business recovery plans are in place for all critical systems 

and are tested according to risk appetite 

Programmes remain 
underway to modernise 
our IT systems and better 
enable our business. 
The scale and complexity 
of this programme results 
in heightened change risk 
during the development 
and implementation period. 

A number of security measures are deployed to ensure 
protected system access
•  Security reviews and assessments are performed 

on an ongoing basis 

•  There is ongoing maintenance and monitoring of our systems 

and infrastructure in order to prevent and detect cyber
security attacks 

•  There is an ongoing Information Security training and 

awareness programme

Cyber risk remains a constantly 
evolving threat and has 
inherently increased during the 
year as malicious threat actors 
seek to exploit Covid-19 related 
business disruption including 
the move to remote working. 
Employee awareness and 
vigilance is therefore highly 
important at this time and 
is being proactively managed. 

•  We have a clearly articulated Group Strategic Programme, 

identifying areas of priority across the Group

•  We ensure that there is adequate resourcing for change

projects using internal and external skills where appropriate

•  A Change Board and change governance processes

are in place and operate on an ongoing basis

•  The GMB undertakes close monitoring and oversight

of the delivery of the strategic initiatives and key Group
change programmes

The level of this risk has not 
materially changed. There 
continues to be a significant 
volume of change within the 
business which is monitored 
closely. Appropriate 
strengthening of expertise 
has been undertaken 
to reflect this volume 
of change. 

Systems risk 
The risk of inadequate, 
ageing or unsupported 
systems and infrastructure 
and system failure 
preventing processing 
efficiency. Systems 
are critical to enable 
us to provide excellent 
service to our customers. 

Cyber risk 
The risk of criminal 
or unauthorised use 
of electronic information, 
either belonging to the 
Group or its stakeholders 
e.g. customers, employees 
etc. Cyber security threats 
from malicious parties 
continue to increase in both 
number and sophistication 
across all industries. 

Change risk 
The risk of failing to manage the 
change needed to transform 
the business. A number 
of strategic initiatives are 
underway under three themes, 
Support and protect, Innovate 
and grow and Transform 
and thrive. These include 
a transformation of our core 
system and key processes, 
which will deliver significant 
change for the Company over 
the next few years. There 
are a number of material 
risks associated with major 
transformation, not only on the 
risks to project delivery itself, 
but the potential disruption 
to business as usual, or delays 
to planned benefits. 

Operational Resilience 
The risk that the Group 
does not prevent, respond 
to, recover and learn from 
operational disruptions. 
The Group provides a wide 
range of services to a diverse 
customer base and has 
a reputation for delivering 
excellent service. Therefore, 
we seek to minimise the 
potential for any such 
disruption that would impact 
on the service provided 
to our customers. 

Data Management 
and Governance 
The risk that the 
confidentiality, integrity 
and/or availability of data 
held across the Group 
is compromised, or data is 
misused. The Group 
holds significant amounts 
of customer and financial 
data and there could 
be significant implications 
if this is compromised 
or is found to be inaccurate. 

1 

•  A recovery and resilience framework is in place aligned 

to the delivery of customer services

•  Recovery exercises including IT systems are regularly
performed across the Company with actions identified 
addressed within an agreed timescale 

•  All suppliers are subject to ongoing due diligence
•  There is ongoing maintenance and monitoring of our systems 

and infrastructure in order to prevent and detect issues 

Change from last year* 

Operational Resilience has 
been successfully tested 
during the year through 
the move to a remote 
working environment. 
This is currently an area 
of focus, with a programme 
of activity planned 
throughout 2021 that will 
add value to the business 
and improve customer 
service, as well as ensure 
compliance with enhanced 
regulatory expectations. 

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•  A Group Data Governance and Management Committee 

is in place 

•  Group Data Governance and Group Data Management 

and Information Security Policies are in place 

•  A Group Data Optimisation Programme is in place which 

is responsible for ensuring the delivery of the data 
strategy and all aspects relating to the governance, 
management, use and control of the Group’s data 
in line with regulatory requirements 

Enhancements have been 
made to the governance, 
management, use 
and control of data. 
It continues to be monitored 
and managed within 
the context of major 
change programmes. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section Two 

Strategic Report – Principal risks 

72 
72

73 
73

Regulatory and conduct risk 
The risk of regulatory sanction, operational disruption or reputational damage 
from non-compliance with legal and regulatory requirements or the risk that 
Ecclesiastical’s behaviour may result in poor outcomes for the customer. 

Reputation risk 
The risk that our actions lead to reputational damage in the eyes of customers, 
brokers or other key stakeholders 

Risk detail 

Key mitigants 

Change from last year* 

Risk detail 

Key mitigants 

Change from last year* 

Regulatory risk 
The risk of regulatory 
sanction, operational 
disruption or reputational 
damage from non-compliance 
with legal and regulatory 
requirements. We operate 
in a highly regulated 
environment which 
is experiencing a period 
of significant change. 

Conduct risk 
The risk of unfair outcomes 
arising from the Group’s 
conduct in the relationship 
with customers, or in 
performing our duties and 
obligations to our customers. 
We place customers 
at the centre of the business, 
aiming to treat them 
fairly and ethically, while 
safeguarding the interests 
of all other key stakeholders. 

• We undertake close monitoring of regulatory developments 

and use dedicated project teams supported by in-house 
and external legal experts to ensure appropriate actions 
to achieve compliance 

•  An ongoing compliance monitoring programme is in place 

across all our SBUs 

•  Regular reporting to the Board of regulatory compliance 

issues and key developments is undertaken 

There continues 
to be a significant volume 
of regulatory change. 
We remain focused on the 
management of regulatory 
change and therefore 
the overall risk level 
is unchanged. 

•  There is ongoing staff training to ensure that customer 
outcomes are fully considered in all business decisions 
•  Customer charters have been implemented in all SBUs 
•  Conduct Risk Reporting to relevant governing bodies 

is undertaken on a regular basis 

•  Customer and conduct measures are used to assess 

remuneration 

The probability of such risks 
crystallising increased due 
to distraction and changes 
in working practices due 
to the Covid-19 pandemic. 
However, we remained 
committed to placing 
customers at the centre 
of our practices and decision 
making. Overall the level 
of this risk is unchanged 
from last year. 

•  There is ongoing training of core customer facing staff 
to ensure high skill levels in handling sensitive claims 

•  We adopt a values-led approach to ensure 

customer-centric outcomes 

•  There is a dedicated Marketing and PR function 

responsible for the implementation of the marketing 
and communication strategy 

•  Ongoing monitoring of various media is in place to ensure 

appropriate responses 

Brand 
and reputation risk 
The Group aims 
to be the most trusted 
specialist insurer and 
as a consequence this 
brings with it high 
expectations from all 
of our stakeholders, 
be they consumers, 
regulators or the 
wider industry. 

Whilst we aim to consistently 
meet and where possible 
exceed these expectations, 
increasing consumer 
awareness and increased 
regulatory scrutiny 
across the sector exposes 
the Group to an increased 
risk of reputational damage 
should we fail to meet 
them, for example 
as a consequence of poor 
business practices 
and behaviours. 

Maintaining a positive 
reputation is critical 
to the Group’s vision 
of being the most trusted 
and ethical specialist 
financial services group. 
Risks to our brand and 
reputation are inherently 
high in an increasingly 
interconnected environment, 
with the risks of external 
threats such as cyber 
security attacks, and viral 
campaigns through social 
media always present. 

The external environment 
in 2020 resulted in a high 
inherent probability 
of reputational issues 
across all financial services 
companies. We continued 
to focus on serving our 
customers and ensuring 
fair treatment and 
clear communication. 

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1 Link to viability statement – risk included in stress and scenario analysis 

*change arrows reflect movement in underlying risks 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section Two 

Strategic Report 

Corporate Responsibility Report 

2020 highlights 

Overview 

Our workplace 

Our community 

Our marketplace 

Our environment 

75 

78 

80 

81 

82 

83 

84 

Strategic Report – Principal risks 

74 

Longer-term viability statement 
It is fundamental to the Group’s longer-term 
strategy that the directors manage and 
monitor risk taking into account all key risks 
the Group faces, including longer-term 
insurance risks, so that it can continue 
to meet its obligations to policyholders. 
The Group is also subject to extensive 
regulation and supervision including 
Solvency II. Against this background, 
the directors have assessed the prospects 
of the Group in accordance with Provision 31 
of the 2018 UK Corporate Governance 
Code. The assessment of the Group’s 
prospects by the directors covers the 
three years to 2023 and is underpinned 
by management’s 2021-23 business 
plans. In making its assessment 
the directors considered: 

- The Group’s current position and 

prospects, risk appetite, and the potential 
impact of the principal risks and how 
these are managed; 

- The Group’s long-term business plans 
and strategy, and the costs associated 
with its delivery; 

- The Group’s current capital, liquidity 

and solvency position and projections; 
- The political, economic and regulatory 
environment, including uncertainties 
on the geopolitical outlook, the Covid-19 
pandemic and the UK’s exit from the EU. 

While the directors have no reason 
to believe the Group will not be viable over 
a longer period, a three-year outlook period 
has been selected. Given the rate of change 
in the markets in which the Group operates, 
three years provides an appropriate 
balance between the period of outlook and 
degree of clarity over specific, foreseeable 
risk events that could impact on the viability 
of the Group. The directors will continue 
to monitor and consider the suitability 
of this period. 

The Group uses varying stress scenarios 
with reference to the principal risks, 
which are documented on pages 66 to 73. 
Scenarios are designed to be severe, 
but plausible, and assess the impact of 
certain events on the Group’s profitability 
and capital strength. Reverse stress testing 
is also used to assess what could make 
the Group’s business model unviable. 
The outcome of testing was discussed 

by the Board during the year and 
consideration was given to the current 
environment and the impact of Covid-19 
on the Group’s viability. 

Among the considerations and scenarios 
were further investment market 
volatility, claims experience and 
business deterioration. 

The solvency position of the Group has 
been projected as part of the Own Risk 
and Solvency Assessment (ORSA), which 
is a private, internal, forward-looking 
assessment of own risk, required as part 
of the Solvency II regime. The forward-
looking emphasis of the ORSA ensures that 
business strategy and plans are formulated 
with full recognition of the risk profile and 
future capital needs. 

Analysis confirms that the Group has 
sufficient capital resources to cover its 
capital requirements and is operationally 
resilient. The impact of Covid-19 on the 
Group has been subject to continual 
monitoring with additional focus across 
committees and at Board level. 

The directors have also considered the 
Group’s ability to service its preference 
share borrowing and the expectations 
of its ultimate charitable owner, Allchurches 
Trust Limited. The Group has fixed annual 
dividend payments of £9.2m in respect 
of its non-cumulative irredeemable 
preference shares. The Group makes 
regular grants to its ultimate charitable 
owner, Allchurches Trust Limited. 
There is a regular cycle of discussion with 
Allchurches Trust Limited to determine 
the appropriate level of grants, in which 
the Group’s capital position and future 
business needs are taken into account. 

Confirmation of viability 
Based on the Group’s strong capital 
position, the strong risk management 
framework in place and the Group’s 
resilience to the variety of adverse 
circumstances as demonstrated in the 
results of the stress testing and potential 
mitigating actions, the directors confirm that 
they have a reasonable expectation that the 
Group will continue in operation and be able 
to meet its liabilities over the three year 
period of the viability assessment. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ecclesiastical Canada 
A church rebuilt 

Less than 30 months after fire destroyed St Paul Church in Bas-Caraquet, 
New Brunswick, Canada, it was ready to re-open its doors to worshippers 
once more. The speed of the rebuild was the result of a remarkable team 
effort. Throughout this time, our claims team held numerous meetings with 
the architect, engineers, church leaders and, most importantly, the community 
to ensure that the finished church met with everyone’s approval. 

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At the initial project presentation 
in April 2019, to over 200 members 
of the community, the reaction was 
overwhelmingly positive  we even 
received a standing ovation. Many 
people were very emotional as they 
were so happy that we were giving them 
back a church that integrated so many 
elements of the old, much  loved one. 

 –

-

One of the other positives, was that 
we were able to provide bilingual 
communications – something that was 
especially useful since the community 
in Bas  Caraquet are French speaking 
and some of the project team members 
only spoke English. 

-

An important part of the rebuild was 
the bell tower, as previously it was used 
as a navigation point by local fishermen 
to guide them safely back to shore. 
So, we made sure that the new tower 
was built to the same height as the 
original. And, following customer 
feedback, we made sure that some 
of the stones from the original church 
featured in the new build. 

-

Since Bas  Caraquet is in an isolated 
location, prone to frequent power 
cuts, there was a great idea to build 
a new comfort centre in the church for 
residents, equipped with a commercial 
kitchen and washrooms. The area also 

has meeting rooms and a large church 
hall for community group meetings 
and events. To ensure the comfort 
centre remains operational during 
power cuts, the contractor who rebuilt 
the church kindly donated a generator 
to the project. 

“

Without your professionalism and 
countless volunteer hours contributed, 
we would never have achieved 
such a result. You can all be proud 
”
of your contribution. 

Bishop Daniel Jodoin, 
Diocese of Bathurst, New Brunswick 

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Strategic Report – Corporate Responsibility Report 

78 

79 

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Corporate Responsibility Report 
2020 highlights 

Our workplace 

>32% 

of our senior management 
roles globally are filled 
by women 

97% 

of employees attending offices 
were happy with the measures 
in place to keep everyone safe 

Employees from every 
part of our Group 
attended mental 
health and wellbeing 
webinars including 
over 150 managers 

99% 

of employees believed 
we were doing 
the best we could 
during extraordinary 
circumstances 
throughout 2020 

100% 

of employees agreed 
to abide by our Code 
of Conduct 

Our community 

£2.7m 

given to good causes by the 
Ecclesiastical Group in total 
(2019 £2.5m). This is in addition 
to over £23m awarded through 
our charitable owner, 
Allchurches Trust. 

>250,000 

nominations for £1,000 donations through 
our Movement for Good awards 

£200,000 
given in small 
donations 
and matching 
through our 
employees 

£200,000 
in additional 
support 
for NET, DEC 
and ABI 
Covid appeals 

Our charitable
owner 
Allchurches 
Trust gave 
over £3m 
to Covid-19 
related 
causes 

Our marketplace 

72% 

of suppliers paid 
within 30 days 
(2019: 70%) 

Outstanding 
contribution 
awards for 
women across 
our Group 

>4,400 

users of our new 
online fundraising 
advice service 
for charities 

Consistency 

top of the Fairer Finance home 
insurance rankings and winner 
of the best ethical investment 
provider for 11 and 12 consecutive 
years respectively 

Our environment 

92% 

electricity from renewable sources 
(2019: 87%, 2018: 78%) 

All EdenTree funds 
have smaller carbon 
footprints than their 
benchmarks 

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Carbon 
intensity 

0.54 tonnes/employee 

ClimateWise 

526 tonnes 

member of voluntary 
industry initiative 

Total carbon emissions, 
Scopes 1-3 – 526 tonnes 
(2019: 1,426, 2018: 1,118) 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Corporate Responsibility Report 

80 

81 

Overview: governance, 
assessment and materiality 
As a charitably-owned ethical financial 
services group, we’ve been advocating 
a more responsible approach to business 
since we were founded. It’s so engrained 
in what we do but it also has formal 
governance in place which includes Board 
visibility and responsibility for overarching 
strategy; a senior-level Steering Group 
providing leadership; and local business 
ownership of activity. 

Independent assessment and accreditation 
continues to be important – it ensures 
we challenge ourselves and live up to the 
highest standards. We continue to hold 
standards including Living Wage, Women 
in Finance and the Fairer Finance Gold 
Ribbon and we are a voluntary member 
of ClimateWise. Our ethical investment 
business EdenTree maintains a number 

of memberships including the UK 
Sustainable Investment and Finance
Association, UN Principles for Responsible 
Investment and the Institutional Investors 
Group on Climate Change. 

We use a materiality approach to drive 
our strategy and respond to current issues. 
In many ways in 2020 every aspect 
of responsible business was a priority. 
We needed to focus on supporting our 
people through a challenging time; in turn 
our customers needed our reassurance 
and expertise; charities relied on our giving
more than ever before; and the importance 
of climate change was brought into 
greater focus. 

In an unprecedented year we needed 
to deliver for today, but we have also 
been very focused on the future. 
Read on to find out more. 

Key employee statistics 

Gender by level 

Group Management Board* 
Senior Leader 
Manager 
Team Member 
Total 

Gender pay gap 

Male 

5 
78 
233 
449 
765 

2020 

Fixed pay gap mean/median 
Bonus pay gap mean/median 

28.0%/21.1% 
49.3%/28.9% 

Female 

3 
27 
164 
681 
875 

2019 

27.6%/22.4% 
50.1%/32.4% 

Total 

8 
105 
397 
1130 
1640 

2018 

30.6%/23.5% 
55.8%/36.5% 

Ethnicity 

White 

1349 

*  Includes Executive Directors 

Prefer not to say 

209 

BME 

82 

Total 

1640 

Our workplace 

Supporting our people through 
extraordinary times. 

data protection and managing negotiations. 
We’ve sustained a gradual improvement 
in our gender pay gap. When we signed 
up as one of the founding signatories of the 
Women in Finance Charter, women made 
up 23.3% of our senior management group 
globally. Four years on, we are delighted 
to say over 32% of our senior management 
roles globally are filled by women 
and 27.3% representation at board level. 
This is a fantastic achievement for us and 
something that we will continue to focus 
on. Our Canadian team was named one 
of Canada’s ‘top employers for young 
people’ for the ninth consecutive year 
and we continue to commit to Living 
Wage status. 

The challenges of 2020 gave us a unique 
opportunity to invest time in building 
a flexible, healthy and resilient approach 
to work for the long term. We’ve launched 
a new strategic initiative to drive this work, 
started conversations all over our Group 
and integrated this thinking into the design 
and plans for our new head office due 
to open in 2021. 

Supporting our employees was 
of paramount importance during such 
challenging and uncertain times. Due 
to the pandemic we quickly established 
a Group-wide approach to homeworking 
with investment in technology and 
equipment. Where our offices remained 
open for essential work we ensured they 
were Covid-safe environments – 97% 
of employees were happy with the measures 
in place. We established a new ‘check-in 
survey’ to gather employee feedback across 
our Group throughout the year. Response 
rates sustained at around 70% and gave 
us valuable insight on what more 
we could do. 

Throughout the year 99% of employees 
felt we were definitely or mostly doing 
the best we could in extraordinary 
circumstances. Only 4% of employees 
felt unable to do their jobs as effectively 
as possible and employees felt more 
effective as the year progressed. 
Eighty-four percent felt they were receiving 
the right level of support from colleagues, 
managers and the Company. 

Employees from every part of our Group 
attended mental health and wellbeing 
webinars – including over 150 managers 
to enable them to support their teams better. 
Despite the situation we continued to invest 
in developing our people, growing our 
expertise and building our professionalism. 
Every single employee committed to our 
Code of Conduct, all of our brokers have 
achieved Corporate Chartered Broking 
status, another cohort of senior managers 
progressed through our leadership 
development programme and our proactive 
training included sessions on whistleblowing, 

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Strategic Report – Corporate Responsibility Report 

82 

83 

Our community 

Sustaining our commitment to giving. 

Our marketplace 

Putting customers and partners first 
with consistency and care. 

Once again through a range of other giving 
campaigns we supported the charities our 
brokers, customers and employees care 
about in the UK and overseas in Canada, 
Australia and Ireland. We gave nearly 
£100,000 with our closest broker partners; 
through our employee-led giving 
we donated nearly £200,000 in personal 
grants and we also retained our gold 
standard for Payroll Giving. We also 
gave £1,000 donations to 120 charities 
at Christmas once again generated 
thousands of nominations. 

Despite hugely challenging circumstances 
our people still found ways to give 
in innovative ways. We came up with 
exercise challenges to generate sponsorship, 
volunteered at vaccination centres and our 
Gloucester catering team avoided furlough 
by volunteering at a local food bank instead. 

All of this combined means we are 
continuing to make progress towards 
our ambition to give more than £100m 
to charities and our communities. 

The events of 2020 had a devastating impact 
on the charity sector – many charities 
faced the double pressure of a dramatic 
drop in fundraising and huge demand for 
their services. We sustained giving from 
our Group at £2.5m and gave an additional 
£200,000 to Covid-related appeals. 

Our charitable owner Allchurches Trust 
distributed more than £3 million to help 
communities tackle loneliness, poor 
mental health, food poverty and financial 
hardship. We gave donations to the National 
Emergencies Trust and the Disasters 
Emergency Committee to support efforts 
in the UK and overseas. We also donated 
to the Association of British Insurers’ Covid 
response fund, which was the biggest 
business sector fund established during 
the crisis. 

Our Impact Report shares stories of the 
amazing charities we reach and the people 
and communities we connect through 
our giving – www.ecclesiastical.com/ 
impactreport 

The second year of our Movement for Good 
awards brought double the success in many 
respects. Our £1,000 donations attracted 
over 250,000 nominations for over 14,000 
charities. The breadth and diversity of good 
causes was staggering. With the help 
of sector experts and employee judges our 
£50,000 grants will be transforming projects 
focused on a range of areas including mental 
and physical health, supporting young 
people and community cohesion. 

We uphold good practices regarding human 
rights, anti-corruption and anti-bribery 
through a range of measures including 
robust risk management, employee Code 
of Conduct and employee regulatory 
training on topics such as data protection 
and whistleblowing. We continue to submit 
our Modern Slavery Act declaration 
and we reported an improvement in the 
number of suppliers paid within 30 days 
to 72% under the Payment Practices 
and Performance Reporting (2019: 70%). 

Consistency and care were forefront 
in our minds when supporting our customers 
and partners throughout 2020. This was 
recognised through awards and recognition 
across the Group. 

Our consistency was reflected in a top 
of the table performance in Fairer Finance’s 
home insurance rankings for the 11th year 
running and best ethical investment provider 
win for the 12th successive year. Our care 
was recognised with award wins for our 
personal lines claims team, personal lines 
broker and pro bono company of the year. 

What’s more, women across our Group 
were put in the spotlight for outstanding 
contribution and distinction in the insurance 
and investment industries. A number 
of colleagues were shortlisted in the Women 
in Insurance awards and our Deputy Group 
Chief Executive Jacinta Whyte and Deputy 
Chairman of our EdenTree investment 
business Sue Round both won prestigious 
industry awards. 

Understanding and supporting customers 
through strong sector partnerships 
continues to be important to us. In particular 
in 2020 we launched an online fundraising 
hub and webinar series to provide additional 
fundraising advice and support to charities. 
We conducted new research on charity 
concerns and supported a campaign 
to improve trustee recruitment. Founded 
on mutual interest we have strong 
partnerships in all parts of our Group 
and across all sectors including heritage, 
faith and education. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Corporate Responsibility Report 

84 

85 

Our environment 

Strengthening our commitment to action 
on climate change. 

Through our continued membership 
of voluntary initiative ClimateWise 
we are strengthening our commitment 
to acting on climate change and improving 
the transparency of our reporting. The 
ClimateWise report is in line with regulatory 
requirements and aligned with the Taskforce 
on Climate-related Financial Disclosures 
(TCFD). Key highlights of our performance 
are shown in the graphic opposite: 

Methodology 
We have reported on all emission sources 
required under the Companies (Directors’ 
Report) and Limited Liability Partnerships 
(Energy and Carbon Report) Regulations 
2018. Our reporting year runs from January 
to December 2020. 

The emissions reporting boundary is defined 
as all entities and facilities either owned 
or under operational control of Ecclesiastical 
Insurance Office, i.e. emissions relating to our 
Gloucester, London, Birmingham, Manchester, 
Eastbourne, and Dublin premises, and 
associated travel by staff based at those 
premises. It includes data covering around 

two thirds of our Group by headcount. 
We continue to improve the coverage and 
quality of data which informs our report. 

Scope 1 Emissions from fluorinated gas losses 
and fuel combustion in premises / vehicles, 
Scope 2 Emissions from electricity and 
cooling in premises, and Scope 3 Emissions 
associated with business travel, waste 
and water use have been calculated using 
UK Government Greenhouse Gas reporting 
conversion factors 2020 (Department for 
Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy), 
and independently verified according 
to ISO – 14064-3:2019 Specifications with 
Guidance for the Validation and Verification 
of Greenhouse Gas Statements. 

Commentary 
Our 2020 carbon footprint has been 
significantly influenced by the Covid-19 
pandemic. Business travel makes the largest 
contribution to our footprint and it was greatly 
reduced due to Government restrictions. 
We expect business travel to increase 
in the future, however 2020 also inspired 
us to adopt new technologies and 

In line with the Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting requirements the Group’s carbon footprint 
is detailed here including our first report on carbon intensity: 

Scope 1 
Scope 2 
Scope 3 
Total 

UK tCO2e 

378 (530) 
17  (63) 
125  (826) 
520 (1,419) 

2020 (2019) 

Non-UK tCO2e 

Total tCO2e 

0  (0) 
6  (7) 
0  (0) 
6  (7) 

378  (530) 
23  (70) 
125  (826) 
526  (1,426) 

Total energy use: 2,682,606 kWh, of which 2,655,294 is UK 
and 27,312 non-UK. Of the 526 tCO2e, 520 relate to UK and 6 to non-UK. 
Carbon intensity: 0.54 tonnes/employee (2019: 1.45). 

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think differently about future working 
so we expect our impact to reduce overall. 
We are particularly pleased to achieve 
sourcing more than 92% of our energy 
from renewables. 

We continue to focus on the influence 
we can exert through the carbon intensity 
of our investments. All five of our EdenTree 
investment funds are below their sector 
benchmark for 2020 and four out of five have 
a lower carbon intensity than five years ago. 

In 2021 we will also move into our new 
head office which has been designed 
to a ‘very good’ BREEAM sustainability 
standard. The building features heat 
recycling, solar panels and electric charging 
points. We have been planting trees 
in the local area to improve green spaces. 
Improving working environments across 
our Group will boost wellbeing, reduce 
our impact and support a more flexible 
working future. 

An overview of our Group’s 
2020 ClimateWise report 

The size of the sectors reflects 
the weighting applied by 
ClimateWise 

Enhance 
reporting 
Publishing 
an annual 
summary of 
our approach 
and key 
activities

Be 
accountable 
Embedding climate 
change in governance 
structures including 
our EdenTree 
independent advisory 
panel and CEO-led 
Greater Good 
Steering Group 

Our Group 
climate change 
response 

Strategies 
and investments 
Integrating climate risk 
into our investment 
policies and disclosing 
our approach to 
scenario analysis 
within our insurance 
businesses 

Customer/client 
awareness 
Mandating climate 
change in our ethical 
investment policies, 
signing the Montreal 
Pledge, giving 
customers advice on 
weather-related risks 

Informing 
public policy 
Championing heritage 
skills preservation 
and participating in 
membership initiatives 
including the ABI and 
IIGCC 

Our 
own 
impact 

Including 
resilient 
reinstatement 
clauses in 
our insurance 
policies and 
applying 
sustainability 
criteria to our 
supply chain 

Managing 
climate risk 
Identifying climate risk 
as part of our emerging 
risk process to 
recognise transition 
and physical risks. 
Using stress and 
scenario testing 
and third party data 
to inform pricing, risk 
selection and strategy 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Ansvar Australia 
Building on a strong relationship 

We have a long tradition of providing specialist insurance solutions to the 
Australian faith community, and over the years we’ve built up a number 
of trusted relationships with our brokers and partners. One of our long-standing 
partners is the Anglican Insurance and Risk Services (AIRS), one of Australia’s 
largest religious, education, not-for-profit, aged and community care insurance 
programme providers for the Anglican community in Australia. 

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-

For the past 21 years, we have 
successfully partnered with AIRS 
and their brokers to protect the 
Anglican Church and communities. 
In a lead up to the 2020  21 renewal, 
the AIRS team have undertaken a full 
remarketing of the AIRS Programme, 
and we were privileged to be selected 
once again as the AIRS insurance and 
risk solutions partner, fending off strong 
market competition in a challenging 
Covid  19 environment. 

-

-

As part of the 2020  21 renewal, 
we worked closely with both AIRS 
and their broker Marsh to deliver 
on the shared vision through co  design 
-
of the insurance and risk services, 
building AIRS members’ capabilities 
with risk management to strengthen 
governance and risk culture, and 
providing a comprehensive and 
competitively priced Property and 
Casualty insurance programme along 
with the priority claims support. 

’

Having listened closely to our clients 
’
objectives and needs, we ve delivered a 
comprehensive risk  led value proposition 
-
across all AIRS membership sectors of 
faith, care and education. Supported by 
our parent, Ecclesiastical Insurance Group, 
our risk  led value proposition reflected 
our deep sector experience, based on 
132 years  of protecting the Anglican 
churches, communities and exposures. 

-

As well as providing AIRS members with 
enhanced advice on risk maturity in a 
lead up to the renewal, our new 2020  21 
-
initiatives included the delivery of the 
inaugural Anglican Risk Conference, 
building and delivering virtual education 
and Risk Alert series, and enterprise risk 
management advice and support with 
the focus on safeguarding for vulnerable 
people and building safer Anglican 
communities. 

membership including a new Anglicans 
Fundraising Hub – exclusive to AIRS 
members – a benchmarking toolkit, 
risk management scholarships for the 
emerging Anglican Risk leaders, risk 
engineering support as well as training and 
education initiatives for the team at AIRS. 

-

Ansvar remains committed to our 
“
long  term partnership with AIRS and 
Marsh, to continue their mission of fusing 
the insurance and risk management, 
whilst embedding a strong risk culture 
within the AIRS Programme members. 
”

Warren Hutcheon, Ansvar Australia 
Chief Executive Officer 

-

Throughout the 2020  21 renewal 
“
process, Ansvar were the only partner 
that listened and aligned their offering 
and value proposition to support delivery 
of the AIRS vision. 
”

We have also committed to delivering 
innovative resources for the AIRS 

Neil Bull, AIRS Chief Executive Officer 

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Strategic Report – Non-Financial Information Statement 

88 

89 

Non-Financial 
Information Statement 

Non-financial information 
The Non-Financial Reporting requirements contained in sections 414CA and 414CB 
of the Companies Act 2006 are addressed below: 

Non-financial information 

Disclosure 

Section 

Business model 

Our business model 
and information on how 
we do business differently 

Strategic report 
– Our Business model 
and strategy 

Key performance indicators 
(KPIs) 

Our KPIs set out how we are 
doing against our strategic goal 

Strategic report 
– Strategy in action 

Principal risks 

Our policies 

Strategic report 
– Principal risks 

See below 

Our key risks and their 
management 

We have a range of policies 
and guidance in place 
to support the key outcomes 
for our stakeholders. These also 
ensure consistent governance 
on environmental matters, 
our employees, social 
matters, human rights and 
anti-bribery and corruption 

Pages 

36 

40 

66 

Our key policies 
/ statements of intent 
Environmental matters 

• We are committed to running the business 

in a sustainable way to tackle climate 
change and encourage others to do more. 

• We assess performance against 

ClimateWise reporting which is aligned 
to Taskforce on Climate-related Financial 
Disclosures (TFCD) reporting. 

• We aim to reduce our direct impact 
on the environment and seek to use 
renewable sources of energy. 

• Other information on environmental 

matters is included within the 
Our environment section of the Corporate 
responsibility report on page 84. 

Employees 

• Our Code of Conduct policy is centred 
on ‘Doing the right thing’ and sets the 
standards of conduct and behaviour 
expected from employees. 

• The Board aims to ensure it is comprised 

of persons who are fit and proper to direct 
the business. The Board’s diversity policy 
sets out the approach to diversity 
in the leadership population. 

• Other information on our commitments 

to supporting diversity and development 
is included in the workplace section of the 
Corporate responsibility report on page 81. 
Also included within the Corporate 
Governance report on page 104 
is information about the composition 
and diversity of the Board. 

Social matters 

• We were founded over 130 years ago 

with a charitable purpose and this remains 
what motivates us today. We believe 
business has a social responsibility 
and should give more to support charities 
and communities. More information about 
how we support our communities can 
be found in the Corporate responsibility 
report on page 82. The Group does not 
make political donations. 

• Our tax strategy supports our group 

strategy and the ethical way 
we do business. We are committed 
to managing all aspects of tax 
transparently and in accordance with 
current legislation. We work to achieve 
the spirit of legislation and not just the 
letter of the law in each tax jurisdiction. 
Our tax strategy is available on 
www.ecclesiastical.com 

Human rights, anti-bribery 
and anti-corruption 

• The Board is committed to operating with 

honesty and integrity in all of our business 
activities and promoting an anti-bribery 
and corruption culture across the Group. 

• We have established and uphold 

good practices regarding human rights, 
anti-corruption and anti-bribery through 
a range of measures including robust 
risk management, employee Code 
of Conduct and employee training 
on topics such as data protection 
and vulnerable customers. 

• We comply with relevant legislation 

concerning our supply chain – the Modern 
Slavery Act 2015 and the Payment 
Practices and Performance regulations 
– to drive good practice and transparency. 

• The marketplace section of our Corporate 

responsibility report contains more 
information including our commitment 
to putting customers and partners 
at the heart of everything we do, focusing 
on good governance, service and support. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report – Strategic Report approval 

90 

91 

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Section 172 Statement 

This section of the Strategic Report describes how the directors 
have had regard to the matters set out in section 172(1) (a) to (f), 
and forms the directors’ statement required under section 414CZA, 
of the Companies Act 2006. The directors recognise that the 
long-term success of the Group is dependent on having regard 
to the interests of its stakeholders. The Board has identified and 
documented its stakeholders in the Group Governance Framework. 
Key stakeholders include its shareholders, employees, 
customers and clients, bondholders, regulators and 
intermediary partners (including brokers and other suppliers). 
Stakeholder engagement is considered as part of the decision 
making process of the Board. 

Strategic Report approval 

The Strategic Report, outlined on pages 14 to 90, incorporates 
the Chief Executive’s Review, the Business Model and Strategy, 
the Key Performance Indicators, reviews of Financial Performance 
and Position and Risk Management, the Corporate Responsibility 
Report and the Section 172 Statement and, when taken as 
a whole, is considered by the directors to be fair, balanced 
and understandable. 

By order of the Board 

Mark Hews 
Group Chief Executive 
18 March 2021 

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‘Thanks to the 
incredible support of 
our customers, brokers, 
business partners, 
employees and all our 
supporters, we have 
now given over £99m 
to charity.’ 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Two 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
92 

Section Three 

Governance 

Board of Directors 

Directors’ Report 

Corporate Governance 

93 

94 

98 

104 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Board of Directors 

94 

95 

Board of Directors 

Key to membership 
of Group Board Committees 

(a) Group Finance and Investment 
(b) Group Nominations 
(c) Group Risk 
(d) Group Audit 
(e) Group Remuneration 

David Henderson (a) (b) (e) 
Chairman, Independent Non-Executive Director 
David Henderson was appointed to the Board 
in April 2016. David began his career specialising 
in personal tax and UK trusts. He spent ten years 
as a banker with Morgan Grenfell and, following that, 
11 years in financial services executive recruitment 
with Russell Reynolds Associates. He joined the 
Board of Kleinwort Benson Group plc as Personnel 
Director in 1995. He was appointed Chief Executive 
of Kleinwort Benson Private Bank Ltd (now Kleinwort 
Benson) in June 1997. He was Chairman of Kleinwort 
Benson from 2004 to 2008 and a Senior Adviser 
to the Bank until 2019. He holds several external 
Non-Executive Directorships. 

Denise Cockrem 
Group Chief Financial Officer 
Denise Cockrem was appointed Group Chief Financial Officer 
on 10 December 2018 and joined the EIO Board on 6 September 2019. 
Denise is a Chartered Accountant with significant industry experience, 
predominantly in financial services. She spent her early career 
in corporate finance and banking roles for EY, Barclays, RBS and 
Direct Line. She then joined RSA as Group Financial Controller, 
spending 9 years with them in various roles culminating in UK 
& Western Europe Finance Director. Denise most recently held the 
position of Chief Financial Officer at Good Energy Group plc, 
an AIM-listed renewable energy company who provide 100% 
renewable electricity and carbon neutral gas. Denise has also been 
a Non-Executive Director of the Skipton Building Society since 2015. 
Denise is also a Trustee of MacIntyre Academy Trust, which provides 
special schools and specialist alternative provision for children and 
young people. 

Chris Moulder (b) (c) (d) 
Senior Independent Non-Executive Director 
Chris Moulder was appointed to the Board 
in September 2017. Chris is also a Director of the 
Company’s ultimate parent, Allchurches Trust 
Limited, as well as the Insurance Board of Lloyds 
Banking Group and Tokyo Marine Kiln. Chris retired 
in 2017 after five years at the Bank of England as 
Director of General Insurance at the Prudential 
Regulation Authority. Prior to this he had spent 
26 years with KPMG as a partner in its Financial 
Sector practice. 

Caroline Taylor (a) (b) (e) 
Independent Non-Executive Director 
Caroline Taylor was appointed to the Board in September 
2014. Until May 2012, she was an Executive Director 
of Goldman Sachs Asset Management International 
and was previously a Director of Goldman Sachs 
Luxembourg and Dublin-based SICAV Funds, having 
spent her executive career in financial services, 
principally in asset management. She is currently 
a Non-Executive Director of Brewin Dolphin Holdings plc 
and Floors Castle Outdoor Events Ltd. 

Mark Hews 
Group Chief Executive 
Mark Hews was appointed Group Chief Executive 
in May 2013 and was previously the Group Chief 
Financial Officer. He was appointed to the Board 
in June 2009 and appointed to the Board of MAPFRE 
RE in December 2013 and became a Trustee of 
The Windsor Leadership Trust in November 2017. 
He was formerly a Director of HSBC Life and Chief 
Executive of M&S Life. Prior to this he was Finance 
Director at Norwich Union Healthcare. He started 
his financial career at Deloitte (formerly Bacon 
and Woodrow) as a consultant and actuary. 

Andrew McIntyre (c) (d) 
Independent Non-Executive Director 
Andrew McIntyre was appointed to the Board in April 
2017. Andrew is the Senior Independent Director 
of C. Hoare & Co where he chairs the Audit, Risk 
and Compliance Committee, and an independent 
Non-Executive Director of Lloyds Bank Corporate 
Markets plc, where he also chairs the Audit Committee. 
He is an Independent Non-Executive Director of National 
Bank of Greece S.A. and chairs its Audit Committee. 
Previously, Andrew was for 24 years a partner in EY, and 
was for nine years Chairman of the Board of Southern 
Housing Group, one of the largest housing associations 
in the UK. He has also been a board member of the 
National Bank of Greece S.A. 

S. Jacinta Whyte 
Deputy Group Chief Executive 
Jacinta Whyte was appointed Deputy Group Chief 
Executive and joined the Board in July 2013 with 
responsibility for the Group’s General Insurance 
business globally. She was also appointed to the 
Ansvar Australia Board during 2013. Jacinta joined 
Ecclesiastical in 2003 as the General Manager 
and Chief Agent of the Group’s Canadian business. 
Having commenced her career as an underwriter 
for RSA in Dublin in 1974, she moved with them 
to Canada in 1988, holding a number of senior 
executive positions in both Ireland and Canada. 

Angus Winther (a) (b) (e) 
Independent Non-Executive Director 
Angus Winther was appointed to the Board in March 2019. 
Angus co-founded Lexicon Partners, a London-based 
investment banking advisory firm, where he specialised 
in advising clients in the insurance and financial services 
sectors. He was closely involved in Lexicon Partners’ 
leadership until it was acquired by Evercore in 2011 and 
served as a senior Adviser at Evercore until October 2016. 
He is currently a Non-Executive Director and Chair of the 
audit committee at Trinity Exploration & Production plc 
and a Non-Executive Director of Lloyd’s managing agent, 
Hiscox Syndicates Limited. Angus is also Churchwarden 
of Holy Trinity Brompton, Deputy Chair of the Church 
Revitalisation Trust and a trustee of St Mellitus College 
Trust and St Paul’s Theological Centre. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Board of Directors 

96 

97 

Key to membership 
of Group Board Committees 

(a) Group Finance and Investment 
(b) Group Nominations 
(c) Group Risk 
(d) Group Audit 
(e) Group Remuneration 

Board diversity 

Neil Maidment (c) (d) (e) 
Independent Non-Executive Director 
Neil Maidment was appointed to the Board 
in January 2020. Neil is an Independent 
Non-Executive Director at Lloyd’s of London. 
He has over 35 years’ experience in the insurance 
market. He was previously a Director of Beazley plc 
and was Chief Underwriting Officer of the company 
and Active Underwriter of its Lloyd’s syndicates 
from 2008 to 2018. He was Chairman of the Lloyd’s 
Market Association from 2016 to 2018 and served 
as an elected working member of the Council 
of Lloyd’s during the same period. 

Francois-Xavier Boisseau (c) (d) 
Independent Non-Executive Director 
Francois-Xavier Boisseau was appointed to the 
Board in March 2019. Francois-Xavier has more 
than 30 years’ experience working in the insurance 
industry, 25 years in the UK. He was CEO Insurance 
Ageas (UK) until December 2018. Prior to that, 
Francois-Xavier was CEO of Groupama and CEO 
of GUK Broking Services as well as being 
Non-Executive Chairman of Lark, Bollington and 
Carole Nash. He is also a Non-Executive Director 
of Argo Managing Agency Ltd and Chairman 
of ERS Managing Agency Ltd. 

Sir Stephen Lamport (c) (e) 
Independent Non-Executive Director 
Sir Stephen was appointed to the Board in March 2020. He is the Vice 
Lord-Lieutenant of Surrey and a Senior Adviser at Sanctuary Counsel. 
He is a Board member of Allchurches Trust; Vice-President of the 
Community Foundation for Surrey; a Trustee of Painshill Park; a member 
of the Court of the St Katharine Foundation; and Chairman of the British 
Red Cross UK Solidarity Fund Committee. He is the Deputy High Bailiff 
of Westminster Abbey. Sir Stephen was the Receiver General 
of Westminster Abbey from 2008 to 2018, and previously a Group Director 
of the Royal Bank of Scotland for five years. He was Deputy Private 
Secretary to The Prince of Wales from 1993, and Private Secretary and 
Treasurer from 1996 to 2002. From 1994 to 2002 he was a member of HM 
Diplomatic Service, with overseas postings in New York, Tehran and Rome. 

The Very Reverend Christine Wilson retired as a director 
at the Annual General Meeting held on 18 June 2020 

Balance of Non-Executive Directors 
and Executive Directors 
Non-Executive Directors : Executive Directors 

Gender Balance 
Male : Female 

Length of Tenure 

(Chairman and Non-Executive Directors) 

0 – 3 years 

3 – 6 years 

6 – 9 years 

10 years + 

Geographical Mix 
United Kingdom 

Rest of Europe 

North America 

Rest of World 

Age 
35 – 45 

45 – 55 

55 – 65 

65 + 

2020 

2019 

8:3 

8:3 

8:3 

7:4 

4 
3 
1 
0 

9 
1 
1 
0 

0 
2 
7 
2 

5 
2 
1 
0 

9 
1 
1 
0 

0 
2 
8 
1 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Directors’ Report 

98 

99 

Directors’ 
Report 

The directors submit their Annual Report and Accounts for 
Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc, together with the consolidated 
financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2020. 
The Group Chief Executive’s Review, Strategic Report and Corporate 
Governance section (this includes Board Governance, the Group 
Finance and Investment Committee Report, the Group Nominations 
Committee Report, the Group Risk Committee Report, the Group 
Audit Committee Report, and the Group Remuneration Report) 
are all incorporated by reference into this Directors’ Report. 

Principal activities 
The Group operates principally as a provider 
of general insurance in addition to offering 
a range of financial services, with offices 
in the UK, Ireland, Canada, and Australia. 
A list of the Company’s subsidiary 
undertakings are given in note 34 
to the financial statements and details 
of international branches are shown 
in Section Five, Other Information. 

Ownership 
At the date of this report, the entire issued 
Ordinary share capital of the Company and 
4.35% of the issued 8.625% Non-Cumulative 
Irredeemable Preference Shares of £1 
each (‘Preference shares’) were owned 
by Ecclesiastical Insurance Group plc. 
In turn, the entire issued Ordinary share 
capital of Ecclesiastical Insurance Group 
plc was owned by Allchurches Trust Limited, 
the ultimate parent of the Group. 

Board of directors 
The directors of the Company during 
the year and up to the date of this report 
are stated on pages 94 to 96. 

The Very Reverend Christine Wilson retired 
as a director at the AGM on 18 June 2020. 
Neil Maidment was appointed as a 
Non-Executive Director on 6 January 2020. 

Sir Stephen Lamport was appointed as a 
Non-Executive Director on 23 March 2020. 

In line with the Financial Reporting Council’s 
(FRC) 2018 UK Corporate Governance Code 
(the Code), the Board has voluntarily chosen 
to comply with the recommended annual 
re-election of directors. All directors who have 
served since the last AGM will be proposed 
for re-election at the forthcoming AGM. 

The Company has made qualifying third-
party indemnity provisions for the benefit 
of its directors and directors of any 
associated company. These were in place 
throughout the year and remain in force 
at the date of this report. 

Neither the directors nor their connected 
persons held any beneficial interest in any 
Ordinary shares of the Company during 
the year ended 31 December 2020. There 
has been no change in this position since 
the end of the financial year and the date 
of this report. 

The following directors of the Company, and their connected persons, held Preference 
shares in the capital of the Company at 31 December 2020: 

Director 

Nature of interest 

Number of Non-Cumulative 
Irredeemable Preference 
Shares held 

Mark Hews 
Denise Cockrem 

Connected person 
Connected Person 

75,342 
16,000 

There have been no changes to their holdings between the end of the financial year 
and the date of this report. 

No contract of significance existed during or at the end of the financial year in which 
a director was or is materially interested. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Directors’ Report 

100 

101 

Dividends 
Dividends paid on the Preference shares 
were £9,181,000 (2019: £9,181,000). 

disabled employees can fully participate 
in all opportunities provided by the Group 
from continued employment to training, 
job moves and promotions. 

The directors do not recommend a final 
dividend on the Ordinary shares (2019: 
£nil), and no interim dividends were paid 
in respect of either the current or prior year. 

Charitable and political 
donations 
Charitable donations made 
in the year amounted to £2.7 million 
(2019: £32.5million). 

It is the Company’s policy not to make 
political donations. No political donations 
were made in the year (2019: £nil). 

Financial instruments 
Information about the use of financial 
instruments by the Group is given in note 23 
to the financial statements. 

Employees 
The Group is committed to nurturing 
a culture and work environment in which 
all employees can fulfil their potential. 
Our Equality and Diversity Standard and 
Guidance sets our expectations for an open 
and inclusive workplace and we place 
the care and wellbeing of our employees 
at the heart of our employment policies. 

Information on engaging and involving 
employees is provided on page 109. 

Throughout the employee lifecycle from 
recruitment onwards, we carefully consider 
adjustments to our processes and practices 
and look for solutions to remove barriers 
for those employees with disabilities. 
When needed, we engage with third-party 
and Occupational Health specialists who 
provide us with expert advice and ensure 
we are offering the best support we can. 
Through our adjusted work approach, 
we provide an environment in which 

Climate change and environment 
Information about the approach to climate 
change and the environment is provided 
on page 84. 

Principal risks and uncertainties 
The directors have carried out a robust 
assessment of the principal risks facing 
the Group including those that threaten 
its business model, future performance, 
solvency and liquidity. The principal risks 
and uncertainties, together with the financial 
risk management objectives and policies 
of the Group are included in the Risk 
Management section of the Strategic 
Report and can be found on page 60. 

Events after the balance 
sheet date 
Note 37 to the financial statements contains 
disclosures of events after the reporting period. 

Going concern 
The Financial Performance section 
on page 50 and Risk Management section 
of the Strategic Report starting on page 60 
provide a review of the Group’s business 
activities and disclose the Group’s principal 
risks and uncertainties, including exposures 
to insurance financial risk, operational 
and strategic risk, and risks associated 
with Covid-19. 

The Group has considerable financial 
resources: financial investments of £820.8m, 
92% of which are liquid (2019: financial 
investments of £857.9m, 91% liquid) and 
cash and cash equivalents of £104.4m (2019: 
£74.8m). Liquid financial investments consist 
of listed equities and open-ended investment 
companies, government bonds and listed 
debt. In February 2021, the Company 
raised €30 million of Tier 2 capital with 

the issue of 20-year subordinated bonds, 
callable after year 10. 

the auditor is unaware, that could be needed 
by the auditor in order to prepare their report. 

The Group also has a strong risk 
management framework and solvency 
position, is well placed to withstand 
significant market disruption and has proved 
resilient to stress testing. 

Due to the level of uncertainty created 
by the global Covid-19 pandemic, the Group 
has considered its capital position, liquidity 
and the impact on performance. The Group 
and its businesses have strong levels 
of cash and other liquid resources and has 
no concerns over the ability to meet its cash 
commitments over the three year planning 
horizon. The Group and its businesses expect 
to continue to meet regulatory requirements. 

Covid-19 has impacted how the businesses 
operate, with a significant proportion of 
employees working effectively in a remote 
environment. They have continued 
to support our customers, work with our 
key suppliers and perform other functions 
of the Group. Whilst making some of these 
changes to the way the Group and its 
businesses operate caused some level 
of disruption, the businesses are equipped 
to deliver services in this way and can 
continue to do so over a prolonged period. 
Given the Group’s operations, robust capital 
strength, liquidity and in conjunction with 
forecast projections and stress testing, 
the directors have a reasonable expectation 
that the Group has adequate resources 
and is well placed to manage its risks 
successfully and continue in operational 
existence for at least 12 months from 
the date of this report. Accordingly, 
they continue to adopt the going concern 
basis in preparing the Annual Report 
and Accounts. 

Auditor and the disclosure 
of information to the auditor 
So far as each person who was a director 
at the date of approving this report is aware, 
there is no relevant audit information that 

Having made enquiries of fellow directors 
and the Group’s auditor, each director 
has taken all the steps that they ought 
to have taken as a director, in order to make 
themselves aware of any relevant audit 
information, and to establish that the auditor 
is aware of that information. 

This confirmation is given and should be 
interpreted in accordance with the provisions 
of Section 418 of the Companies Act 2006. 

The Group Audit Committee reviews the 
appointment of the auditor, including the 
auditor’s effectiveness and independence, 
and recommends the auditor’s reappointment 
and remuneration to the Board. Further 
details are disclosed in the Group Audit 
Committee Report on page 126. 

In accordance with Section 489 of the 
Companies Act 2006, a resolution proposing 
that PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
be reappointed as auditor of the Group 
will be put to the forthcoming AGM. 

Directors’ responsibilities 
The directors are responsible for preparing 
the Annual Report and the financial 
statements in accordance with applicable 
law and regulation. 

Company law requires the directors 
to prepare financial statements for 
each financial year. Under that law the 
directors have prepared the group financial 
statements in accordance with International 
Accounting Standards (IAS) in conformity 
with the requirements of the Companies Act 
2006 and International Financial Reporting 
Standards (IFRS) adopted pursuant 
to Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002 
as it applies in the European Union and 
Parent company financial statements in 
accordance with IAS in conformity with the 
requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section Three 

Governance 

Corporate Governance 

Group Finance and Investment Committee Report 

Group Nominations Committee Report 

Group Risk Committee Report 

Group Audit Committee Report 

Group Remuneration Report 

103 

104 

114 

118 

124 

126 

136 

Governance – Directors’ Report 

102 

Responsibility statement 
We confirm that to the best 
of our knowledge: 
• The financial statements, which have 
been prepared in accordance with IAS 
in conformity with the requirements of the 
Companies Act 2006 and IFRS adopted 
pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002 
as it applies in the European Union, give 
a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, 
financial position and loss of the Group. 
• The Parent company financial statements, 
which have been prepared in accordance 
with IAS in conformity with the 
requirements of the Companies Act 2006, 
give a true and fair view of the assets, 
liabilities, financial position and loss of the 
Parent company; 

• The Strategic Report includes a fair review 

of the development and performance of the 
business and the position of the Group and 
Parent company, together with a description 
of the principal risks and uncertainties that 
it faces. 

• The Annual Report and financial statements, 

taken as a whole, are fair, balanced and 
understandable, and provide the information 
necessary for shareholders to assess the 
Company’s position and performance, 
business model and strategy. 

By order of the Board 

David Henderson  Mark Hews 
Chairman
18 March 2021

 Group Chief Executive 
 18 March 2021 

Under company law, directors must not 
approve the financial statements unless 
they are satisfied that they give a true and 
fair view of the state of affairs of the Group 
and Parent company and of the profit or loss 
of the Group for that period. In preparing 
the financial statements, the directors are 
required to: 
• select suitable accounting policies and then 

apply them consistently; 

• state whether applicable IAS in conformity 
with the requirements of the Companies 
Act 2006 and IFRS adopted pursuant 
to Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002 
as it applies in the European Union have 
been followed for the Group financial 
statements and IAS in conformity with 
the requirements of the Companies Act 
2006 have been followed for the Parent 
company financial statements, subject 
to any material departures disclosed and 
explained in the financial statements; 

• make judgements and accounting estimates 

that are reasonable and prudent; and 

• prepare the financial statements 

on the going concern basis unless 
it is inappropriate to presume that 
the group and parent company will 
continue in business. 

The directors are also responsible for 
safeguarding the assets of the group and 
parent company and hence for taking 
reasonable steps for the prevention and 
detection of fraud and other irregularities. 
The directors are responsible for keeping 
adequate accounting records that are 
sufficient to show and explain the group’s 
and parent company’s transactions and 
disclose with reasonable accuracy at any 
time the financial position of the Group and 
Parent company and enable them to ensure 
that the financial statements comply with 
the Companies Act 2006. 

The directors are responsible for the 
maintenance and integrity of the Company’s 
website. Legislation in the United Kingdom 
governing the preparation and dissemination 
of financial statements may differ from 
legislation in other jurisdictions. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Corporate Governance 

104 

105 

Corporate 
Governance 

The Board of directors is committed to applying the 
highest standards of corporate governance and believe 
that the affairs of the Company should be conducted 
in accordance with best business practice. 

Board leadership 
and company purpose 
Role of the Board 
The Board is responsible to the Group’s 
shareholders for the long-term success 
of the Group, its purpose, values, strategy, 
culture and its governance. Great importance 
is placed on a well-informed and decisive 
Board, and Board meetings are scheduled 
and held regularly throughout the year. 

A one-year rolling plan of business for 
discussion is reviewed and agreed by the 
Board annually to ensure that the Board 
is focused on the right issues at the right 
times and sufficient time is allowed for 
appropriate consideration and debate. 

The Board sets annual objectives for each 
year in addition to setting the Group’s 
strategic direction. These are implemented 
through approval and regular assessment 
of the business plan and strategy process. 

At each Board meeting, the directors discuss 
strategic and business matters, financial, 
operational and governance issues, and 
other relevant business items that arise. 
Following Committee meetings, the Board 
receives oral reports from the Chairman 
of each Committee at the next 
Board meeting. 

Accordingly, although the Company does 
not have shares with a premium listing 
on the London Stock Exchange and, therefore, 
does not need to adhere to requirements, 
the Company has voluntarily chosen 
to comply with the Principles and Provisions 
of the 2018 UK Corporate Governance 
Code (the Code) throughout the year 
ended 31 December 2020 where relevant. 
A copy of the Code can be found on the 
FRC’s website. The Corporate Governance 
Statement also includes the reports from 
Group Audit Committee, the Group Finance 
and Investment Committee, the Group 
Nominations Committee, Group Remuneration 
Committee and the Group Risk Committee.* 

The following aspects of the Code are not 
considered appropriate for the Company 
given ownership structure: 
• provisions relating to outcomes from 

shareholder votes (Provision 4) 

• shareholding requirements for Executive 

Directors (Provision 36). 

During the year, the Company did not 
comply with the following provision 
of the Code: 
• with the exception of the GCEO, pension 

contribution rates for Executive Directors 
are aligned to those available to the 
wider workforce (Provision 38). Further 
information is contained in the Directors’ 
Remuneration Report. Given current 
market practice, the Group Remuneration 
Committee is currently content with 
the contribution rates for all Executive 
Directors. This will be monitored as part 
of the Committee’s review of market 
developments. 

*  Committees of the Company also perform the same Committee functions for Ecclesiastical Insurance Group plc, the Company’s immediate parent undertaking. 

Purpose, value and strategy 
The Group’s purpose is to contribute 
to the greater good of society. In particular, 
the Group strives to improve the lives 
of customers, beneficiaries and society 
as a whole. This is achieved by managing 
a portfolio of businesses that operates 
on the highest ethical principles. It seeks 
to diversify and bring an ethical dimension 
to more aspects of society; and all of its 
businesses need to set a high bar, putting 
its customers first and setting an example 
to others. 

Culture 
The Board is responsible for setting the right 
values and culture within the Group and 
ensuring the fair treatment of customers. 
The target culture is described below. 

This is embedded across the Group’s 
employee lifecycle, from recruitment 
through performance management and 
our behaviour model, personal development 
and communications. The Board monitors 
cultural alignment through the MySay 
survey results. 

See page 36 for more details. 

It is the Board’s policy to record any 
unresolved concerns about the running 
of the Company or any proposed action 
in the Board minutes. During 2020, 
no director had any such concerns. 

Our Target Culture 

Ambitious and driven... 
We outperform 
our business goals 

Working collaboratively 
We value our diversity 
and work well together 

...For the greater good 
We contribute to the 
greater good of society 

Inspiring each other 
We energise each 
other to deliver 

Passionate about customers 
We offer unrivalled high 
standards of customer 
relationships and care 

Empowered to deliver 
We trust our colleagues 
to make decisions 

Ethical and trusted 
We can be trusted 
to do the right thing 

Innovative in our thinking 
We are bold, pro-active 
and creative, always improving 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Corporate Governance 

106 

107 

Strategy and Company 
Performance 

Key
• Communities 
• Customers 
• Employees
• Regulators 
• Shareholders 
• Suppliers 

The following shows the structure and 
content of Board Meetings and how 
stakeholders have been considered as part 
of the decision making process during 2020, 
which was an exceptional year in terms 
of the challenging strategic environment. 

The Chairs of the Group Finance and 
Investment, Group Audit, Group Nominations 
and Group Remuneration Committees 
provide updates on key matters discussed 
at those meetings and any recommendations 
for the Board’s approval. This ensures that 
the Board as a whole understands a range 
of significant issues including those that are 
outside its immediate remit. 

Strategic matters 
The Board considered strategically significant 
matters, provided insight and constructive 
challenge and implemented required action. 
Covid-19 •••••• 
• Held regular meetings to discuss and 
monitor the impact of Covid-19 on the 
business and the impact on stakeholders 
(including in relation to the FCA’s business 
interruption test case (in the UK) and the 
Australian Financial Complaints Authority 
business interruption test case). Extensive 
activity has been undertaken to support 
customers and protect the Group’s 
business. An interim transition strategy 
was adopted to respond to the pandemic. 
Core business functions were successfully 
moved to remote working which enabled 
external stakeholders to continue 
to be supported. A package to support 
remote working and wellbeing (and 
returning to the office) was agreed. 

Acts of kindness from across the Group 
were celebrated. In addition, the Board 
considered operational resilience and 
received regular updates from the 
Crisis Management Team (CMT) who 
responded to the Government’s 
rapidly changing guidance. 
Culture •• 
• Considered findings from the 2020 

staff surveys and the update from the 
designated Non-Executive Director 
for employee engagement 
Benefact House • 
• Received regular updates on the relocation 

to a new Head Office 

Brand 
• Received updates on the new visual identity 

and brand 
Allchurches Trust Limited • 
• Received regular reports from 

the Shareholder 

Strategy, Company and Operational 
Performance 
The Chief Executive led discussions 
on general business performance 
and key strategic initiatives 
Business Updates ••• 
• Received updates on the performance 

from each of the business areas 
(general insurance, broker and advisory 
and investment) 
Organisation •••••• 
• Received updates on senior leadership 
appointments and succession plans for 
the Senior Leadership Team (including the 
appointment of Richard Coleman (Managing 
Director – UK), Andy Clark (Chief Executive, 
EdenTree) and Sarah Binstead (Group Chief 
Risk and Compliance Officer)) 
• Considered Health and Safety 

(including how the Group was responding 
to supporting staff with mental stress 
from working at home and their physical 
wellbeing) 

• Reviewed the vision and strategy for 
the Broking and Advisory Businesses 

Charitable Purpose •• 
• Considered regular updates on 

the charitable purpose and mission. 
The Board is proud that local communities 
were supported across the Group’s four 
territories and fundraising support was 
delivered to impacted church and charity 
communities. The reach of visibility 
of the Movement for Good Campaign 
and 12 Days of Giving Campaign was 
also materially increased. This included 
consideration of the Grants Policy 
in Canada and Australia and a donation 
to the Charities Aid Foundation’s Covid-19 
Support Fund. 

• Approved the Sustainable & Responsible 

Investment Policy 
Portfolio Optimisation • 
• Received regular report on portfolio 

optimisation with the general insurance 
businesses 

Financial Updates and Regulatory 
Reporting 
Financial resilience •••••• 
• Considered the tolerances for various 
scenarios and solvency positions and 
any resulting actions 

• Considered the financial position of 

its subsidiaries 

• Reviewed the going concern assessment 
• Considered GI Claims Reserves Adequacy 
Capital, costs and budget ••••• 
• Reviewed the Company’s financial and 

liquidity position 

• Agreed the Group Strategy and Business 

Plans for 2021 to 2023 

• Considered reinsurance arrangement 
• Considered the capital management 
strategy and approved the raising of 
€30 million of Tier 2 capital 
Cash flow and dividends •• 
• Considered the dividends to be paid to the 
holders of the 8.625% Non-Cumulative 
Irredeemable Preference Shares of £1 

• Considered making a distribution in the form 
of a grant to the Company’s ultimate parent, 
Allchurches Trust Limited 

• Considered the approach to inter 

group funding 

Regulatory and reporting • 
• Considered the Actuarial Function 

Director’s Opinion on Technical Provisions, 
Reinsurance, Underwriting and Pricing, 
Business Plan and Aggregate Report 
Wrapper as required under Solvency II 
Risk •••••• 
• Approved the Internal Model Management 
Actions and the Internal Model Quarterly 
Change reports 

• Approved the Annual review of Profit & Loss 

Attribution Report, and SCR and EC end 
of year 2019 annual evaluations 

• Approved the Group Risk Framework 

and Risk Appetite 

• Approved the Group ORSA 

Governance 
Board Evaluation • 
• Considered outcomes from the external 
Board Evaluation and received regular 
progress updates 
Board succession and diversity • 
• Approved the appointment of two new 
Non-Executive Directors and changes 
to Committee composition 

• Approved the refreshed Board 

Diversity Policy 
Governance Framework •• 
• Approved changes to the Group Governance 

Framework and Expectations of SBUs 

• Approved changes to the Board Committee 

Terms of Reference 

• Considered Directors’ Conflicts of Interest 
Regulatory disclosures •••••• 
• Reviewed and approved the Annual 

Report and Accounts, Notice of General 
Meeting, Half Year and Full Year 
Results Announcements 
AGM • 
• Approved the resolutions to be put 
to the shareholders at the AGM 
(including the proposal that following 
the conclusion of the tender process 
PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP be 
appointed as External Auditors) 
IICSA and safeguarding • 
• Considered updates on developments 

with the IICSA inquiry 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Corporate Governance 

108 

109 

Capital Raising Case Study 
The Board approved the decision to raise 
€30 million (as announced on 25 February 
2021). When considering its decision, 
the Board took into account the likely 
perspectives of stakeholders regarding 
potential capital raising, the short-term 
and long-term requirements of the 
business which could impact on employees, 
customers and suppliers, and the protection 
of stakeholder interests as a whole. 
The merits of proposal were reviewed 
to ensure that resilience against future 
uncertainty could be maintained and 
opportunities could be leveraged by 
ensuring funds were available to support 
growth and diversification aspirations. 
The Board sought external debt, legal 
and tax advice in order to determine the 
type of capital, product terms and structure 
of the chosen debt instrument. In addition, 
the Board assessed a number of factors 
including cost, timing, market conditions 
and investment performance, perspectives 
from banks and investment houses, and 
credit rating. It was agreed that privately 
placed issue of a 20-year subordinated 
bond would achieve the desired outcomes. 
Consultation with Allchurches Trust Limited 
and management also underpinned the 
view that the debt instrument was in the 
best interest of all stakeholders and was 
therefore approved by the Board. 

Stakeholder engagement 
The Board recognises the importance 
of engaging with stakeholders, understanding 
their views and interests in order to be 
successful over the long term. Dialogue 
with stakeholders can help the Board 
to understand significant changes in the 
landscape, predict future developments 
and trends, and re-align strategy. 

The Board has identified its stakeholders 
and associated engagement mechanisms. 
Employees, customers, shareholders, 
suppliers, reinsurers, external auditors, 
regulators, credit rating agencies, banks and 

other creditors, trade unions and community 
groups have been identified as current 
stakeholders. Further information is provided 
in the Corporate Responsibility Report. 

Shareholder engagement 
Ecclesiastical Insurance Group plc owns 
the entire issued Ordinary share capital 
of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc. 
The directors of the Boards of both companies 
are identical. Ecclesiastical Insurance Group 
plc in turn is wholly owned by Allchurches 
Trust Limited with whom the Board has 
an open and constructive relationship. 

Protocols for the exchange of information 
between Allchurches Trust Limited and 
Ecclesiastical Insurance Group plc and 
its subsidiaries (including Ecclesiastical 
Insurance Office plc) are in place and cover 
performance, operations and financial 
position. There is at least one ‘Common 
Director’ (i.e. a Director who is a member 
of the Boards of Allchurches Trust Limited, 
Ecclesiastical Insurance Group plc and 
Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc) who 
is expected to attend every Board Meeting. 

Sir Stephen Lamport and Chris Moulder were 
appointed as ‘Common Directors’. 

The Common Directors present a summary 
of highlights from Allchurches Trust Limited 
Board meetings to the Directors. There is also 
engagement between respective Board and 
Committee Chairmen and the Group Chief 
Executive Officer. Regular dialogue takes 
place on Allchurches Trust Limited’s 
expectations of the Group, strategy for 
the development of business and the grant 
from the Group. 

This ensures that the views of Allchurches 
Trust Limited are communicated to the Board 
as a whole, which enables Allchurches 
Trust Limited to effectively communicate 
expectations to the Board. In turn, 
the Common Directors are able to support 
the directors of Allchurches Trust Limited 

to understand the performance and strategic 
issues faced by the Company. 

A conflict of interest policy which sets out 
how actual and perceived conflicts of interest 
between the two companies are managed 
is in place. 

When determining if it is appropriate to make 
a distribution in the form of a grant to the 
Company’s ultimate parent undertaking, 
Allchurches Trust Limited, the Board 
considers advice from the Group Chief 
Financial Officer. A key area for the Board’s 
deliberation is the Company’s capital position 
and the affordability of the grant based 
on a range of stressed circumstances as well 
as the views of the Chairman of Allchurches 
Trust Limited. No grant was paid to Allchurches 
Trust Limited during the calendar year 2020. 

Employee engagement 
The Board recognises employees as the 
Group’s biggest asset given their specialist 
skills and knowledge and propensity 
to go above and beyond. Members of the 
management team and subject matter 
experts are invited to Board and Committee 
meetings to present on items and input into 
discussion. Directors also visit subsidiaries 
and other SBUs and Project teams to gain 
a good understanding of employees’ views. 
In order to engage, involve and inform 
employees, the following methods are used: 
• Caroline Taylor was appointed as the 

designated Non-Executive Director for 
employee engagement on 4 February 
2020. The designated Non-Executive 
Director is briefed on employee survey 
results and feedback and reports relevant 
findings to the Board; 

• a variety of communication channels 

including intranet, all staff emails (including 
weekly news, results, achievements and 
changes), briefings, conferences and 
publishing of financial reports and feedback 
and discussion is adopted (including to 
make employees aware of financial and 
economic factors affecting the performance 
of the Company); 

• In 2020 the Group focused on regular 
targeted and tailored check-in surveys 
(as outlined on page 81) which were 
focused on gathering real time feedback 
as the pandemic situation evolved during 
2020. Adopting a targeted approach and 
consulting on matters directly affecting 
employees, enabled us to respond quickly 
to any concerns as they emerged. Results 
were monitored and reviewed by the 
Group’s Crisis Management Team and were 
also disseminated throughout the Group 
for local action planning. 

• whistleblowing policy and procedures. 
During 2020 the Group implemented 
a set of engagement actions including 
training and communications to improve 
the accessibility and understanding of our 
whistleblowing procedure and approach; 
• direct engagement and consultation through 
employee representative forums including 
the Group’s recognised Union and informal 
Employee Working Groups (such as ‘The 
Explainers’ and ‘The Office Life Network’) 
is encouraged; 

• ‘Town Hall’ meetings are hosted virtually 
by senior management where employees 
can ask questions and provide feedback; 

• a performance-related bonus scheme 

is operated, which directly links individual 
objectives and business performance 
to encourage employees to participate in the 
overall financial success of the Group; and 

• a range of training, development and 
volunteering activities are available 
to employees, including technical 
courses, mentoring, coaching and 
community opportunities. 

Customer engagement 
Customers are the lifeblood of the Group. 
The Board considers that customers should 
be at the heart of everything we do, ensuring 
any actions or decisions demonstrate our 
passion for customers and make us first 
choice for customers both today and in the 
future. During the year, the Board received 
updates on customer issues via the Group 
Chief Executives’ Report and reports 
on strategic initiatives. 

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Governance – Corporate Governance 

110 

111 

In addition, the Board considered customers’ 
needs, knowledge and expectations as part 
of the development of the transition strategy 
and the Group’s response to the pandemic. 

Meetings are held between management 
and key customers to understand their needs 
and perspectives. In addition, the Group 
has regular engagement with customers 
(including conducting listening exercises, 
surveys, holding focus or consultative 
groups, monitoring customer complaints and 
satisfaction data) and key outcomes are shared 
with the Board. Our commitment to customers 
and clients is further demonstrated by the 
tailored Customer Promises that have been 
developed for key SBUs. 

Supplier engagement 
The importance of the role that suppliers 
play in ensuring a reliable service 
is delivered to customers is recognised 
by directors. Consequently, the Group Risk 
Committee oversees the Procurement, 
Purchasing and Outsourcing Policy and 
receives regular updates on the Group’s 
material outsourcing contracts. 

In addition, Executive Directors hold regular 
meetings with key suppliers to understand 
their perspectives. 

Community and environment 
The Board (via the Group Risk Committee) 
has reviewed and challenged the approach 
to the management of risks associated with 
climate change. This included consideration 
of key workstreams such as communication 
and governance, risk management 
assessment, scenario analysis, business 
and operational risk and opportunities, 
strategy and disclosures. An update on the 
approach to the TCFD related disclosures 
is provided on page 84. 

During the year, the Board has considered 
the payment of grants to Allchurches Trust 
Limited for charitable purposes. 

Regulators 
The Board recognises the importance 
of open and honest dialogue with regulators 
(including those in the UK, Australia, Canada 
and the Republic of Ireland). It has discussed 
outcomes and the response to the PRA’s 
Periodic Summary Meeting. In addition, 
the Board (via its Committees) has received 
regular updates on legal, regulatory and 
compliance matters. 

Whistleblowing 
The Board (via the Group Audit Committee) 
is responsible for reviewing the Group’s 
whistleblowing procedures and receives 
regular updates. 

The Group’s approach to whistleblowing 
is set out in a Standard and Guidance 
Document (which is available internally 
on the Group’s intranet). The Chairman of the 
Group Audit Committee is designated the 
Group’s ‘Whistleblowing Champion’ having 
responsibility to ensure the independence, 
autonomy and effectiveness of the Group’s 
policies and procedures on whistleblowing 
including the procedures for protection 
of staff that raise concerns from 
detrimental treatment. 

Group HR has responsibility for ensuring 
the effectiveness of internal whistleblowing 
arrangements, including arrangements 
for protecting whistleblowers against 
detrimental treatment (on behalf of the 
Whistleblowing Champion) including 
ownership of the associated policy 
and guidance documents. 

More information about the Group’s 
whistleblowing policy and arrangements 
is included within the Group Audit 
Committee Report. 

Conflicts of Interest 
A Register of Directors’ Conflicts is 
maintained by the Group Company 
Secretary to monitor and manage 
any potential conflicts of interest. 

Senior Independent Director 
Chris Moulder was appointed as the Senior 
Independent Director (SID) on 14 January 
2020. The SID supports and acts 
as a sounding board for the Chairman and 
is responsible for overseeing the governance 
practices of the Company and leading the 
directors in their appraisal of the Chairman. 
Along with the Chairman, the SID is the 
primary contact for the shareholder and 
they meet regularly with the shareholder 
to share and understand views. 

Non-Executive Directors 
Non-Executive Directors have 
a responsibility to uphold high standards 
of integrity and probity including acting 
as both internal and external ambassador 
of the Company. As part of their role 
as members of a unitary board, 
Non-Executive Directors should 
constructively challenge and help 
develop proposals on strategy. 

Training on the Companies Act 2006 has 
been given to all directors and directors 
are regularly reminded of their duties. 
Any conflicts are declared at the first Board 
meeting at which the director becomes aware 
of a potential conflict and then recorded 
in the Conflicts Register. The Board considers 
all conflicts in line with the provisions set out 
in the Company’s Articles. The directors are 
required to review their interests recorded 
in the Conflicts Register on a biannual basis. 

In addition, the Board oversees the procedure 
for managing actual and potential conflicts 
of interest in the trading relationship 
with owned brokers (Lycetts and 
SEIB/Lansdown) and the general insurance 
business. It is underpinned by the desire 
to put the customer interest at the forefront 
of their dealings and seek to deliver the 
best customer outcome. 

It is the Board’s policy to record any 
unresolved concerns about the running 
of the Company or any proposed action 
in the Board minutes. During 2020, 
no director had any such concerns. 

Division of responsibilities 
The responsibilities of the Board, 
its Committees, Chairman, Group CEO 
and SID are set out in writing and are 
available on the Company’s website. 

The Chairman and the 
Group Chief Executive 
The roles of the Chairman and the Group 
Chief Executive are undertaken by separate 
individuals. The Chairman, David Henderson, 
is responsible for leadership of the Board. 
The day-to-day management of the 
business is undertaken by the Group Chief 
Executive, Mark Hews, assisted by the Group 
Management Board. 

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Governance – Corporate Governance 

112 

113 

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Ecclesiastical Board of Directors 

Group Finance and 
Investment Committee 

Group 
Nominations 
Committee 

Group Risk 
Committee 

Group Audit 
Committee 

Group 
Remuneration 
Committee 

Board Committees 
The Group has five Board Committees which 
are shown above. 

Details of all the Board Committees are 
contained within their respective reports that 
follow: the Group Finance and Investment 
Committee Report on page 114; the Group 
Nominations Committee Report on page 118; 
the Group Risk Committee Report 
on page 124; the Group Audit Committee 
Report on page 126; and the Group 
Remuneration Report on page 136. 

Attendance at meetings 
Directors are required to attend all Board 
meetings and strategy days as well 
as Committee meetings where they 
are members. In 2020, the Board held 
five scheduled meetings and ten ad hoc 
meetings. In addition, the Board participated 
in regular training sessions. 

David Henderson met with the 
Non-Executive Directors without the 
Executive Directors present on a number 
of occasions throughout the year. 

Below is a record of the directors’ attendance for the Board meetings during 2020: 

Board attendance table 
Executive Directors 

Director since 

Meetings eligible 
to attend 

Meetings 
attended 

Mark Hews 
S. Jacinta Whyte 
Denise Cockrem 

June 2009 
July 2013 
September 2019 

15 
15 
15 

15 
15 
15 

Non-Executive Directors 

Director since 

Meetings eligible 
to attend 

Meetings 
attended 

David Henderson (Chairman) 
Francois-Xavier Boisseau 
Sir Stephen Lamport 
Neil Maidment 
Andrew McIntyre 
Chris Moulder 
Caroline Taylor 
Angus Winther 
Christine Wilson 

April 2016 
March 2019 
March 2020 
January 2020 
April 2017 
September 2017 
September 2014 
March 2019 
June 2012 

15 
15 
13 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 
10 

15 
14 1 
13 
132 
143 
15 
15 
15 
9 

1  Mr Boisseau was unable to attend an ad hoc Board Meeting called at the last minute to consider an update 

on the FCA’s test case in relation to business interruption. 

2  Mr Maidment was unable to attend a scheduled Board Meeting as it had been arranged prior to his appointment 
as a director. In addition, he was unable to attend an ad hoc meeting called at short notice to consider matters 
linked to Covid-19. 

3  Mr McIntyre was unable to attend a meeting because of a prior business commitment. 

Company Secretary 
The Company Secretary is responsible for 
compliance with board procedures, advising 
the Board on all governance matters, 
supporting the Chair and helping the Board 
and its Committees to function efficiently. 
All directors have access to the advice 
of the Company Secretary. 

Internal Controls 
The Board is ultimately responsible for the 
systems of risk management and internal 
control maintained by the Group and reviews 
their appropriateness and effectiveness 
annually. The Board views the management 
of risk as a key accountability and is the 
responsibility of all management and 
believes that, for the period in question, 
the Group has maintained an adequate 
and effective system of risk management 
and internal control that complies with the 
Code. Further details are set out in the Risk 
Management Report on page 60. 

The Group embeds risk management into 
its strategic and business planning activities 
whereby major risks that could affect the 
business in the short and long term are 
identified by the relevant management 
together with an assessment of the 
effectiveness of the processes and controls 
in place to manage and mitigate these risks. 

The Group’s internal control framework 
is vital in setting the tone for the Group 
and in creating a high degree of control 
consciousness in all employees. 

A Code of Conduct and a Code of Ethics are 
embedded into the culture of the Group and 
is accessible to all staff via the intranet. 

Assurance on the adequacy and 
effectiveness of internal control systems 
is obtained through management reviews, 
control self-assessment and internal audits. 

Systems of internal control are designed 
to manage rather than eliminate the risk 
of failure to achieve business objectives, 
and can provide reasonable, but not absolute 
assurance as to the prevention and detection 
of financial misstatements, errors, fraud 
or violation of law or regulations. 

Further information on internal controls 
is set out in the Group Audit Committee 
Report on page 126. 

By order of the Board 

Mrs. R. J. Hall 
Group Company Secretary 
18 March 2021 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Finance and Investment Committee Report 

114 

115 

Group Finance 
and Investment 
Committee Report 

Chairman’s introduction 
I am pleased to present this report, describing the work 
undertaken by the Committee during the past year. 

Membership 
The members of the Group Finance and Investment Committee and their attendance during 
the year are shown below: 

Committee member 

Member since 

Meetings eligible to attend  Meetings attended* 

Angus Winther1 
Caroline Taylor 
David Henderson2 

April 2019 
March 2016 
June 2016 

6 
6 
6 

6 
6 
5 

1  Angus Winther was appointed to the Committee on 3 April 2019 and was appointed Chair on 1 January 2020. 

2  David Henderson was unable to attend a meeting called at short notice to consider a potential acquisition. 

His views on the proposal were relayed to the Committee by its Chair. 

Committee meetings 
The Committee comprised the directors 
shown in the table above who were 
appointed by the Board. 

The Committee held four scheduled and 
two ad hoc meetings during the year, each 
of which were attended by the Group Chief 
Executive and Group Chief Financial Officer 
by invitation. Other people from the business 
were invited to attend meetings to provide 
insight into key matters and developments. 
The Committee’s key responsibility is to 
ensure that, within designated financial limits, 
the management of the Group’s financial 
assets, including its investment portfolio, 
is properly governed, controlled and is 
performing as expected. The Committee 
also considers and approves major 
financial decisions including capital raisings, 
acquisitions and disposals on behalf of the 
Board. The Committee is also constituted 
as a committee of the Company’s immediate 
parent Ecclesiastical Insurance Group plc 
and provides the same functions. 

A summary of the main activities of the 
Committee during 2020 are set out below: 

Raising funds 
The Committee supported management 
in developing the proposal to raise funds 
which culminated in issuing €30 million 

of Tier 2 Capital by way of a privately placed 
issue of 20-year subordinated bonds 
in February 2021. The Committee considered 
the rationale for the proposed fund raising 
including protecting against the risk 
of a downturn in a period of uncertainty 
as well as supporting the Group’s growth 
ambitions and strategy. The Committee also 
explored the advantages and disadvantages 
of alternative sources of capital (including 
preference shares and hybrid capital) and 
their impact on stakeholders, reviewed the 
product terms and structure and oversaw 
the appointment of key advisors for 
the project including financial, legal and 
tax advisors. 

The hedging of currency and interest rate 
exposure and the impact on the Group’s 
capital position (under base, adverse and 
favourable scenarios) was also reviewed 
ahead of making a recommendation 
to the Board. 

Finance 
The Committee supported a proposal 
to improve the Group’s Treasury 
Management Framework and the approach 
to managing working capital. The model 
is being implemented across all SBUs 
to maintain an optimal level of cash and 
liquidity across the Group and release 
cash for investment. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Finance and Investment Committee Report 

116 

117 

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In 2019, Ecclesiastical Insurance Group plc 
acquired a non-controlling equity interest 
in the speciality insurer Lloyd & Whyte. 
The Committee has continued to monitor 
various matters relating to that acquisition, 
including associated structural changes, 
Lloyd & White’s acquisition pipeline, 
associated loan exposure and performance. 

Governance 
The Committee also reviewed its Terms 
of Reference, its own performance and set 
objectives. Historically the Committee Chair 
had been a member of the Group Risk and 
Group Audit Committees. Given Mr Winther 
is not a member of either of these 
Committees, he has regularly liaised with 
the Chairs of both Committees on matters 
relevant to the Committee’s business and 
also attended the Group Risk Committee 
on a number of occasions. 

By order of the Board 

Angus Winther 
Chairman of the Group Finance 
and Investment Committee 
18 March 2021 

Investments 
During the year, the Committee reviewed 
the Group’s business plan investment 
assumptions; and the overall investment 
strategy. This included consideration of 
asset allocation and exposure  (to equities, 
bonds, infrastructure, property and cash) and 
associated risk. In particular, the continued 
use of equity derivatives and the development 
of a “balanced scorecard” approach for their 
assessment was considered. 

The Committee also reviewed the investment 
mandate with EdenTree Investment 
Management Limited to ensure that 
it remained fit for purpose and remained 
compliant with legal and regulatory 
requirements. The performance of the 
Group’s investment portfolios were also 
reviewed. In addition the Committee 
considered the outlook for the financial 
markets in the context of the impact of the 
pandemic and uncertainty relating to Brexit. 

Acquisition activity 
The Committee has monitored acquisition 
activity, outcomes and performance, 
including providing guidance on the 
approach to making offers. A proposal 
for a potential acquisition by one of the 
Company’s subsidiaries, SEIB Insurance 
Brokers Limited, was reviewed in detail. 
Updates on smaller acquisitions such 
as WRS Insurance Limited were 
also received. 

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‘The Committee 
supported management 
in developing the 
proposal to raise funds 
which culminated 
in issuing €30 million 
of Tier 2 Capital.’ 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Nominations Committee Report 

118 

119 

Group Nominations 
Committee Report 

Dear Stakeholder 
I am pleased to present the Group Nominations 
Committee’s Report describing the work we have carried 
out during the past year. This report gives more detailed 
information on how we performed our duties in 2020. 

Committee Composition 
The members of the Group Nominations Committee and their attendance at meetings during 
the year are shown below: 

Committee member 

Member since 

Meetings eligible 
to attend 

Meetings 
attended 

Chris Moulder1 
Christine Wilson2 
David Henderson 
Caroline Taylor3 

November 2019 
March 2016 
January 2019 
November 2019 

3 
2 
3 
3 

3 
1 
3 
3 

1  Appointed as Chair of the Nominations Committee with effect from 14 January 2020. 

2  The Very Reverend Christine Wilson stepped down from the Board on 18 June 2020 

and from Chair of the Nominations Committee on 14 January 2020. 

Meetings of the Committee 
The Committee held three scheduled 
meetings in 2020 (February, May 
and September) which were attended 
by the Group Chief Executive and Group 
Company Secretary (2019: three meetings). 

the target. As at 18 March 2021, the Board 
has appointed three female directors 
(including two Executive Directors) 
in a membership of 11. The Board is actively 
seeking to address this issue and will aim 
to meet the target by the end of 2022. 

Composition of the Board 
and senior management 
The Committee considered the composition 
of the Board and its Committees, subsidiaries 
and senior management (including members 
of the GMB, heads of SBUs and senior 
functions). This included consideration of skills, 
knowledge, and experience, length of tenure, 
independence and diversity in the context 
of the Group’s long-term strategic priorities. 

Board diversity 
Ecclesiastical recognises the benefits 
of having a diverse Board. It is committed 
to improving diversity on the Board in the 
broadest sense and acknowledges that 
diversity both improves performance 
of the Board and strengthens the business. 
Over the last few years, the Board has 
met the targets set out in the ‘Hampton 
– Alexander Review’ of 33% female 
representation on the Board, but following 
the retirement of a female director in June 
2020, the percentage had slipped below 

At 31 December 2020, female representation 
on the Group Management Board stands 
at 38% (2019:43%) and in the wider senior 
management population (GMB and BL 
grades) at approximately 27% (2019:32%). 
The Board encourages Executive 
Management to ensure appropriate 
diversity, including gender diversity, 
at senior levels within the organisation. 

In addition, the Board will have regard 
to the Parker Review and has set itself a target 
to have at least one director from an ethnic 
minority background by the end of 2025. 
Ecclesiastical aspires to having a Board that 
is diverse and it encourages external search 
firms to identify and present candidates from 
all backgrounds, and with diverse skills and 
personal qualities. All Board appointments are 
made on merit, in the context of the diversity 
of skills, experience, background and gender 
required to be effective. 

The Board will take the opportunity, 
as and when appropriate, to further improve 
diversity in its broadest sense (including 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Nominations Committee Report 

120 

121 

ethnicity, skills, regional and industry 
experience, background, age, gender and 
other distinctions) as part of its board 
recruitment practice. The Board, via the 
Group Nominations Committee, will consider 
the progression of women to key roles 
including chair, senior independent director 
and executive directors as part of its regular 
review of succession planning. 

Directors’ length of service 
The Committee monitors the length 
of tenure of all directors as shown in the 
table on page 97. 

Independence and time 
commitment 
The Board believes that all the NEDs 
were independent throughout 2020. 
Independence is reviewed as part of each 
director’s annual appraisal, considered 
by the Committee and agreed by the Board 
annually. The Committee has considered 
the circumstances and relationships of all 
NEDs and, following rigorous review, the 
Committee confirmed to the Board that all 
NEDs remained independent in character 
and judgement. No individual participated 
in the discussions relating to their 
own independence. 

The Committee evaluates the time NEDs 
spend on the Company’s business annually 
and is satisfied that, in 2020, the NEDs 
continued to be effective and fulfilled their 
time commitment as stated in their letters 
of appointment. 

External directorships are considered 
to be valuable in terms of broadening 
the experience and knowledge of Executive 
Directors, provided there is no actual 
or potential conflict of interest, and the 
commitment required is not excessive. 

All appointments are subject to approval 
by the Board, and the Conflicts Register 
maintained by the Group Company 
Secretary is used to monitor external 
interests. Any monetary payments 
received by Executive Directors from outside 
directorships are paid over to and retained 
by the Group. 

Succession planning 
The Committee considered the Group’s Board 
and Leadership Succession Plan to ensure 
that a rigorous and phased approach 
is adopted, taking into account the challenges 
and opportunities facing the Group. 

In respect of each leadership role, emergency, 
short-term and long-term succession plans 
are considered and challenged to ensure that 
appropriate skills are in place to support the 
Group’s short- and long-term strategy and 
ensure a diverse pipeline of talent is in place. 

Appointments to the Board 
Non-Executive Director Appointments 
Sir Stephen Lamport 
Sir Stephen Lamport had been a member 
of the ultimate parent company, Allchurches 
Trust Limited for many years and 
in early 2020 was appointed as a director 
to the Trust. On the recommendation of 
Allchurches Trust, he was appointed a 
director of the Company on 23 March 2020, 
becoming a ‘common director’, succeeding 
Tim Carroll. 

Neil Maidment 
In addition, Neil Maidment was appointed 
to the Board on 6 January 2020. 
An overview of the appointment process for 
Mr Maidment was set out in the 2019 Annual 
Report and Accounts. 

Non Executive Director Resignations 
– Dean Christine Wilson and Caroline Taylor 
Dean Christine Wilson stood down from 
the Board on 18 June 2020 following 
an eight-year tenure. 

In September 2021, Caroline Taylor will have 
served for more than six years and will step 
down from the Board. 

Common Directors, Chris Moulder 
and Sir Stephen Lamport 
Chris Moulder and Sir Stephen Lamport 
are directors on the Boards of Allchurches 
Trust Limited and the Company (‘common 
directors’). The common directorship model 
is regarded as good practice with a charity 
that owns a trading subsidiary and these 
‘common directors’ enable the Trust to gain 
a thorough understanding of its subsidiary 
company’s performance and the strategic 
issues it faces, and for the subsidiary 
to understand the expectations of its 
parent company. 

A joint Company and Allchurches Trust 
Limited Nominations Committee Meeting 
is held on an annual basis, amongst other 
things to consider the appointment 
of common directors. 

Induction and training 
All new directors undertake a formal, 
comprehensive and tailored induction to the 
Group upon joining the Board. This includes 
sessions with the Group Company Secretary, 
Group Chief Risk and Compliance Officer, 
Director of Group Finance, Group Chief 
Actuary, Group Development Director, Group 
HR Director, Group Reinsurance Director, 
Chief Internal Auditor and heads of the 
Group’s trading businesses. New directors 
also meet individually with the Chairman 
of Allchurches Trust Limited, the Group 

Chairman, the Senior Independent Director, 
and each of the Executive Directors. 
This is to ensure they understand the 
significant risks, strategic and commercial 
issues affecting the Group and the markets 
in which it operates as well as their duties 
and responsibilities as a director. 

The Group Company Secretary maintains 
annual CPD records for all directors, which 
the Chairman reviews as part of their annual 
appraisal. Training and development needs 
of Board members are also reviewed by the 
Committee. In 2020, a number of training 
sessions took place including Safeguarding 
(covered by the Head of Claims), EIG 
Sustainable & Responsible Investment 
Policy (delivered by Head of Responsible 
Investment Policy and Research) and Senior 
Managers and Certification Regime (SMCR) 
(covered by the Group HR Director). In 2021, 
sessions have been planned on IFRS 17, 
Technology, Money Laundering, Anti-Bribery 
and Corruption, and Catastrophe and PSA 
Exposure Risks. 

Board evaluation 
All directors receive an annual appraisal 
from the Chairman. The Chairman 
is appraised by the Board, in his absence, 
led by the Senior Independent Director. 

It is the Board’s policy for its evaluations 
to be facilitated every two to three years 
and the last external Board evaluation 
was carried out in 2019, facilitated 
by Grant Thornton. Grant Thornton acts 
as a co-source provider for internal audit 
on UK and Canada and has no other 
connection with the Group. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Nominations Committee Report 

122 

123 

The key themes that arose from the evaluation are listed in the table below along with 
an update on progress made. 

Theme 

Evaluation Recommendations 

Progress Update 

Succession Plans 

Diversity 

Stakeholders 

Refresh the approach 
to reviewing succession plans 
of GMB members and their 
direct reports. 

Succession plans are reviewed 
and challenged by the Group 
Nominations Committee twice a year 
and a report considered by the Board 
on an annual basis. 

Further improve diversity across  A new Diversity Policy was agreed 
various Group and Subsidiary 
Boards (in terms of ethnicity, 
broker knowledge, technology 
and digital representation) 
was highlighted. 

in 2020 and the Strategic Talent Forum will 
consider diversity across the Group 
to support the talent pipeline. 

Develop a stakeholder map 
and refine the approach 
to demonstrating how decisions  updated by the Board in 2020. Actions 
in relation to updating Board Papers and 
impact on stakeholders 
in Boards Papers and Minutes.  Minutes were delayed as a consequence 

A stakeholder map was included in the 
Governance Framework which was 

of the pandemic. 

This is regularly considered 
by the Chairman and the Group 
Company Secretary as part 
of the pre-meeting process. 

A Transitional Strategy was launched 
during the year and the number of strategic 
initiatives reduced. 

Response to this has been deferred 
until 2021. An external consultant will 
be engaged to review Board Papers 
and observe meetings and make 
recommendations. Internal training 
will also be arranged for internal 
paper authors. 

The Group Employee Survey monitors 
culture and engagement. The results from 
the survey are fed into Board discussions 
via Caroline Taylor (the designated NED 
for employee engagement – further 
information on employee engagement 
is set out on page 109). 

Newly acquired businesses are integrated 
into the Group via adoption of standard 
processes and practices, cascade of values 
and regular attendance at Group events 
such as Conferences. 

Strategy and Direction  Review the Board agenda 

to ensure that it was 
balanced and focused 
on important matters. 

Strategy and Direction  Consider streamlining 
strategic programmes. 

Strategy and Direction  Review Board packs to ensure 

focus on strategic matters, 
insight and impact. 

Culture and Values 

Evidence the Board’s 
approach to assessing 
and monitoring culture. 

Culture and Values 

Consider how the Group’s 
culture can be integrated 
into acquisitions. 

The next evaluation will be in 2022. 

By order of the Board 

Chris Moulder 
Chairman of the Group Nominations Committee 
18 March 2021 

‘Ecclesiastical 
recognises the benefits 
of having a diverse 
Board. It is committed 
to improving diversity 
on the Board in the 
broadest sense and 
acknowledges that 
diversity both improves 
performance of the 
Board and strengthens 
the business.’ 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section Three 

Governance – Group Risk Committee Report 

124 

125 

Group Risk 
Committee Report 

Chairman’s introduction 
I am pleased to present this report, describing the work undertaken 
by the Group Risk Committee during the past year. The Group has 
voluntarily chosen to include a Group Risk Committee Report 
in addition to the disclosures in the Risk Management Report 
and Principal Risks sections starting on page 60. We welcomed 
Neil Maidment as a member of the Committee in March 2020 
and Sir Stephen Lamport was appointed to the Committee 
on 25 November 2020. Sarah Binstead was appointed Group 
Chief Risk and Compliance Officer in September 2020. 

Membership 
The members of the Group Risk Committee and their attendance at meetings during the year 
are shown below: 

Committee member 

Member since 

Meetings  eligible 
to attend 

Meetings 
attended 

Chris Moulder (Chairman) 
Andrew McIntyre 
Francois-Xavier Boisseau 
Neil Maidment* 
Sir Stephen Lamport** 

September 2017 
August 2017 
April 2019 
March 2020 
November 2020 

4 
4 
4 
4 
0 

*  Neil Maidment was appointed to the Committee on 2 March 2020. 

4 
4 
4 
4 
0 

** Sir Stephen Lamport was appointed to the Committee on 25 November 2020. There were no Committee meetings 

held in 2020 after this date. 

The last year was a challenging one from 
a risk and resilience perspective. With 
the onset of the Covid-19 global pandemic, 
the Group was required to quickly adapt its 
ways of working in all territories. The impact 
of the pandemic on the Group’s risk 
environment was wide ranging and therefore 
a key consideration for the Committee 
in 2020. Time was committed to assessing and 
monitoring the Group’s operational resilience; 
its capital and solvency position; and financial 
resilience in light of the global pandemic and 
the FCA’s test case on business interruption. 

Committee meetings 
The Group Risk Committee comprised the 
directors shown in the table above who were 
appointed by the Board. 

The Committee held four meetings during 
the year, which were attended by the Group 
Chairman, Deputy Group Chief Executive, 
Group Chief Risk and Compliance Officer, 
Group Chief Financial Officer, Group 
Underwriting Director, Group Chief Actuary 
and the Group Heads of Risk and Compliance. 

The Committee’s key responsibility is to assist 
the Board in monitoring the appropriateness 
and effectiveness of the Group’s risk strategy, 
appetite and profile; and risk management 
culture and framework. In addition, the 
Committee oversees the material risks of the 
Group. The Committee is also responsible 
for reviewing Group capital management 
and Internal Model scope, governance 
and validation. 

The Group’s principal risks and uncertainties 
are set out on pages 66 to 73. The Committee 
has reviewed these in detail and is comfortable 
that the business has addressed them 
appropriately within its ongoing operating 
model and identification of strategic priorities. 

A focus of the Committee’s work this year 
has been to assess and monitor the Group’s 

ongoing operational and financial resilience; 
and its capital and solvency position, in light 
of the global pandemic, receiving reports from 
Management. The Committee has continued 
to monitor the ongoing development, 
governance, methodology and calibration of 
the Internal Model; overseeing the validation 
cycle; recommending Model changes to the 
Board; agreeing Management Actions and 
reviewing the Profit and Loss Attribution. 

Additionally, during the year, the 
Committee has continued to oversee the 
ongoing development of the Group’s data 
management model; the Own Risk and 
Solvency Assessment and Control Risk 
Self-Assessment processes; and material 
outsourcing risks. The Committee has 
also overseen the development of the risk 
oversight and assurance plan and a risk 
appetite breach protocol. The Committee has 
also received other regular reports including 
compliance monitoring and breaches; 
reinsurance; climate change; business 
continuity; and the Money Laundering 
Reporting Officer’s Report. 

The Committee also reviewed the Group’s 
Governance Framework and Expectations 
of SBUs documents, and its own Terms of 
Reference, culminating in recommendations 
to the Board, which were approved. 

The Group Chief Risk and Compliance Officer 
reports to the Committee and has direct 
access to the Committee Chairman and the 
Non-Executive Directors. The Committee 
ensures that it meets with the Group Chief 
Risk and Compliance Officer at least annually 
without management present. 

By order of the Board 

Chris Moulder 
Chairman of the Group Risk Committee 
18 March 2021 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Audit Committee Report 

126 

127 

Group Audit 
Committee Report 

Chairman’s overview 
I am pleased to present the Group Audit Committee 
Report describing the work undertaken by the 
Committee to safeguard Ecclesiastical for the benefit 
of its shareholder. The Committee plays a crucial role 
in oversight and scrutiny of the Group’s financial 
reporting, internal and external audit arrangements, 
internal control environment and the management 
of financial risks. 

The last year turned out to be challenging 
for accounting and auditing judgements 
and required the Group to adapt its ways 
of working and focus on its systems of internal 
control. For nearly all of the Committee’s 
work during 2020, Covid-19 has been 
a key consideration. In particular, time was 
committed to Group Internal Audit’s review 
of internal controls impacted by Covid-19 
and reviewing accounting judgements 
in very different economic conditions. 

The Committee has reviewed the Group’s 
financial reporting, ensuring that this year’s 
Annual Report and Accounts are fairly 
presented and prepared using appropriate 
judgements. The significant accounting and 
reporting issues considered in detail by the 
Committee are set out on pages 130 to 132. 
The Committee has also monitored internal 
and external audit arrangements and the 
effectiveness of internal controls. Additionally, 
the Committee has monitored the external 
environment to ensure that reporting and 
controls respond to developments. 

risks is embedded across all areas of the 
business, with continued and effective 
oversight from the Group Management Board 
(GMB). We remain satisfied that the business 
has maintained a robust risk management and 
internal controls culture, supported by strong 
overall governance processes. 

Following the completion of a rigorous 
tender process in 2019 we welcomed 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC) as the 
Group’s external auditor. I would like to thank 
PwC and our previous auditors Deloitte LLP 
for their mutual co-operation that ensured 
a smooth transition done so under 
challenging circumstances. 

During 2020, the Committee considered 
the key judgements made by management 
in preparing the Annual Report and Accounts. 
The Committee has continued to prioritise 
the Group’s control environment and other 
important areas of the business such 
as data management, cyber security 
and whistleblowing. 

The Committee seeks to ensure that the 
identification and management of significant 

Andrew McIntyre 
Chair of the Group Audit Committee 

Members of the Committee 
Committee members are independent non-executive directors and have been selected 
with the aim of providing the wide range of financial, risk, control and commercial expertise 
necessary to fulfil the Committee’s duties. The Committee is also then able to challenge and 
scrutinise management’s work. Further information about the experience of each member 
of the Committee can be found on page 94. The Board considers that Andrew McIntyre has 
recent and relevant financial experience and accounting competence and that the Committee 
as a whole is appropriately competent in the sectors within which the Group operates. 

The members of the Group Audit Committee who were appointed by the Board 
and their attendance at the 11 meetings held during the year are shown below. 

Committee member 

Member since 

Meetings attended 
/ (eligible to attend) 

Andrew McIntyre (Chairman) 
Francois-Xavier Boisseau 
Neil Maidment* 
Chris Moulder 

April 2017 
March 2019 
March 2020 
September 2017 

11 / (11) 
11 / (11) 
10 / (10) 
10 / (11) 

*  Neil Maidment was appointed to the Committee on 2 March 2020. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Audit Committee Report 

128 

129 

Committee meetings 
In addition to the members of the Committee, 
the Chairman of the Board, the Group Chief 
Executive, the Group Chief Financial Officer, 
the Deputy Group Chief Executive and the 
Group Chief Internal Auditor attend meetings 
by invitation. Other relevant people from the 
business are invited to attend certain meetings 
in order to provide insight into key issues and 
developments. The Group’s external auditor 
is invited to attend meetings. During the year, 
Deloitte attended all seven of the Committee’s 
meetings held prior to their resignation. 
PwC attended three of the four meetings held 
following their appointment in June 2020. 

During the year, the Committee met privately 
with the Group’s external auditors without 
management present. 

The Committee’s key responsibilities include: 
• monitoring the integrity of the financial 

statements; 

• challenging the Group’s financial reporting, 
and reporting upon anything that it is not 
satisfied with; 

• reviewing regulatory reports; 
• reviewing tax strategy and policies; 
• reviewing the Group’s whistleblowing 

arrangements; 

• reviewing the Group’s audit arrangements, 

both externally and internally; and 

• reviewing the effectiveness of the Group’s 

systems of internal controls and the 
management of financial risks. 

When the Committee discharges its 
responsibilities these are extended to include 
Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc’s immediate 
parent Ecclesiastical Insurance Group plc 
and matters related to its own subsidiary 
undertakings and interests. 

A summary of the main activities of the 
Committee during the year is set out below: 

Auditor appointment, 
independence and 
non-audit services 
The Committee has primary responsibility 
for overseeing the relationship with 
and performance of the external auditor. 
This includes making the recommendation 
on the appointment, reappointment and 
removal of the external auditor, assessing 
their independence on an ongoing basis 
and for agreeing the audit fee. 

PwC has acted as the Group’s external 
statutory auditor following appointment 
at the Annual General Meeting in June 2020. 
The Group’s policy for auditor rotation follows 
regulatory requirements and PwC will 
be required to be rotated after no more than 
20 years, and an audit tender held after 
no more than 10 years. 

Sue Morling of PwC became the Group’s 
senior statutory auditor for the financial year 
2020 after PwC’s appointment. Sue Morling’s 
term as senior statutory auditor cannot 
exceed a maximum duration of five years. 
The Group’s previous senior statutory auditor, 
Mr Paul Stephenson of Deloitte, led the 
Group’s audit for five years. 

The Company confirms that it complied with 
the provisions of the Competition and Markets 
Authority’s Order for the financial year under 
review. Both the Board and the external 
auditor have safeguards in place to protect 
the independence and objectivity of the 
external auditor. 

The Committee is responsible for the 
development, implementation and monitoring 
of the Group’s policy on the provision 
of non-audit services by the external auditor. 
The policy is reviewed annually by the 
Committee. The purpose of the policy 
is to safeguard the independence 
and objectivity of the external auditor 
and to comply with the ethical standards 
of the Financial Reporting Council (FRC). 

In October 2020 the Committee received 
PwC’s 2020 Audit Plan and considered 
the auditor’s assessment of risk, materiality 
and audit approach. The Committee also 
considered the auditor’s approach to audit 
risk in respect of Covid-19 and how the audit 
would be conducted effectively using more 
remote working and technology. 

External audit effectiveness 
The Committee assesses the effectiveness 
of the external auditor annually against 
a number of criteria including, but not 
limited to, accessibility and knowledgeability 
of audit team members, the efficiency of the 
audit process including the effectiveness 
of the audit plan, and the quality of 
improvements recommended. 

The Committee reviewed a report based 
on questionnaires completed by senior 
management, business unit leaders and 
those members of staff most involved in 
the external audit process, regarding the 
Deloitte 2019 statutory audit. The Committee 
recognised the strengths of the external 
auditor and that their duties were performed 
independently and effectively. 

The Committee oversees the plans for the 
external audit to ensure it is comprehensive, 
risk-based and cost-effective. The plan 
described the proposed scope of the work and 
the approach to be taken, and also proposed 
the materiality levels to be used which are 
described on page 180. In order to focus the 
audit work on the right areas, the auditors 
identify particular risk issues based on various 
factors, including their knowledge of the 
business and operating environment and 
discussions with management. The fee for the 
audit was proposed during the Committee’s 
2019 external auditor tender. 

For the year ended 31 December 2020, 
the Group was charged £709,000 (ex VAT) 
by PwC for audit services. Fees for other 
assurance services required by legislation 
and/or regulation amounted to £178,000, 
making total fees from PwC of £887,000. 
There were no non-audit services provided 
by Deloitte prior to their resignation as the 
Group’s statutory auditor. There were 
no non-audit services provided by PwC 
during the financial year. More detail can 
be found in note 12 to the financial statements. 

Auditor transition 
A key area of focus for the Committee during 
2020 was the effective transition to PwC 
as the Group’s statutory auditor to ensure 
the safeguarding of audit independence 
and quality. 

During 2020, PwC commenced planning 
for the 2020 audit, including engaging 
with management, shadowing Deloitte, 
obtaining a detailed understanding of key 
areas of audit focus and management 
judgement, and observing Audit Committee 
meetings. Following their appointment 
in June 2020, PwC attended all Audit 
Committee meetings in their capacity 
as the Group’s statutory auditor. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Audit Committee Report 

130 

131 

Appropriateness of 
the Group’s external 
financial reporting 
The primary role of the Committee in relation 
to financial reporting is to review, challenge 
and agree the appropriateness of the 
half-year and annual financial statements and 
annual regulatory reporting under Solvency II, 
concentrating on, amongst other matters: 

• the quality and acceptability of the Group’s 

accounting policies and practices; 

• the clarity of the disclosures and compliance 

with financial and regulatory reporting 
standards, and relevant financial and 
governance reporting requirements; 

• material areas in which significant 

judgements have been made by the Group 
or there has been discussion with the 
external auditor; 

• whether the Group’s Annual Report and 

Accounts, taken as a whole, are fair, 
balanced and understandable and provide 
the information necessary for shareholders 
to assess the Group’s position and 
performance, business model and strategy; 

• any correspondence from regulators 

in relation to financial reporting. 

In respect of these annual financial 
statements the Committee paid particular 
attention to the significant judgements set 
out below, including a review of the corporate 
governance disclosures, monitoring of the 
external audit process and the going concern 
and viability statements. 

The Committee concluded that it remained 
appropriate to prepare the financial 
statements on a going concern basis 
and recommended the viability statement 
to the Board for approval. 

The Committee reviewed and challenged the 
Group’s annual regulatory submissions under 
Solvency II in the second quarter of the year. 
The Committee focused on the reporting 
requirements of the publicly filed SFCR and 
QRTs and privately filed RSR Annual Update. 

The significant areas of focus considered 
by the Committee in relation to the 2020 
accounts, and how these were addressed, 
are outlined below. These were discussed 
and agreed with management during the 
course of the year, and also discussed with 
PwC. The nature of these issues and how 
they are mitigated is explained in more detail 
in the Risk Management Report on page 60, 
and also note 2 to the financial statements 
on page 200. 

Matter considered 

Action 

Valuation of investment property 
and unlisted equity 
These are areas of focus for the Committee given their 
materiality and the subjectivity in deriving their fair value. 

The Committee received information from management on the 
composition of the investment property portfolio and the methodology 
used to determine the fair value. The Committee paid particular 
attention to the application of industry recognised valuation techniques 
and areas of the portfolio more susceptible to valuation uncertainty. 

For investment property, the Group uses real estate 
valuation experts who use recognised valuation 
techniques together with the principles of IFRS 13 Fair 
Value Measurement. These techniques use assumptions 
and estimates including investment yields. 

The judgements and estimates used to determine the 
value of the Group’s interest in unlisted equity follow 
industry recognised fair value model techniques and 
the principles of IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement. 
Judgements and estimates include the selection of 
comparable companies and setting an illiquidity discount. 

When considering management’s assessment of the fair value 
of unlisted equities, the Committee considered the fair value model 
and inputs used. Particular consideration was given to the suitability 
of comparable companies and the discount applied for illiquidity. 

Following consideration, the Committee concluded that the 
assumptions proposed were appropriate. 

Matter considered 

Action 

General insurance reserves 
The estimation of the ultimate liability arising from 
claims under general business insurance contracts 
is a critical accounting estimate. There is uncertainty 
as to the total number of claims on each class 
of business, the amounts that such claims will 
be settled for and the timings of any payments. 

Life insurance reserves 
The calculation of the Group’s life insurance reserves 
requires management to make significant judgements 
about bond yields, discount rates, credit risk, mortality 
rates and current expectations of future expense levels. 

The Committee considered detailed reports provided by the Group’s 
Reserving Actuary on the adequacy of the Group’s general insurance 
reserves at both the half year and the full year and discussed and 
challenged management across a wide range of assumptions and 
key judgements. 

This is a major area of audit focus and PwC also provided detailed 
reporting on these matters to the Committee. 

The Committee considered in detail the impact of Covid-19 across 
the Group on the current year and the key uncertainty surrounding 
the developments of the business interruption and liability claims 
in the next 24 months. The committee acknowledged the exceptional 
circumstances surrounding 2020 claims developments and was 
satisfied that management and the Group Reserving Actuary have 
considered a suitable range of outcomes. Taking into account the 
Group Reserving Actuary’s assessment of the sufficiency of these 
reserves, the Committee challenged management on whether the 
proposed releases were reasonable and that the reserves remained 
appropriately prudent. 

The Committee continues to maintain a focus on the longer term 
reserves relating to asbestos and PSA claims and reviewed actual 
claims experience against expectations throughout the year. 
The Committee noted and supported management’s decision 
to continue to hold an additional margin in respect of future PSA 
claims as the IICSA investigations develop. 

Following all of our reviews and discussions, the Committee’s opinion 
was that the reserving process and outcomes were robust and well 
managed and that the overall reserves set were reasonable as 
disclosed in notes 9 and 28 of the financial statements. 

The Committee considered a report from the Chief Actuary 
of Ecclesiastical Life Limited (ELL) (the Group’s life business) which set 
out recommendations for the basis and methodology to apply for: 

• the valuation of policy liabilities for inclusion in the report and 

accounts for ELL at 31 December 2020, and 

• the calculation of technical provisions in accordance with Solvency II 

regulations at 31 December 2020. 

The Committee noted that no material changes in methodology were 
proposed, for either the accounts or Solvency II reporting basis, from 
those used for the valuations at 31 December 2019. 

The Committee reviewed the work done by the Chief Actuary to assess 
whether the methodology remained appropriate, with a particular focus 
on mortality assumptions, interest and inflation rate assumptions. 

Following its review, and after consideration of PwC’s report, 
the Committee was satisfied that the assumptions proposed were 
appropriate and overall the judgements made in respect of the reserves 
were reasonable. The assumptions are disclosed in note 28(b) 
of the financial statements. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Audit Committee Report 

132 

133 

Matter considered 

Action 

Carrying value 
of goodwill 
This is an area of focus for the Committee given 
the materiality of the Group’s goodwill balances (£24m 
as at 31 December 2020) and the inherent subjectivity 
in impairment testing. 

The judgements in relation to goodwill impairment 
continue to relate primarily to the assumptions 
underlying the calculation of the value in use of the 
business, being the achievability of the business 
plans and the macroeconomic and related modelling 
assumptions underlying the valuation process. 

Valuation of defined benefit pension scheme 
liability 
The Group’s liabilities of the scheme are material 
in comparison to the Group’s net liability and the 
valuation requires many actuarial assumptions, 
including judgements in relation to long-term interest 
rates, inflation, longevity and investment returns. 

Judgement is applied in determining the extent 
to which a surplus in the Group’s defined benefit 
scheme can be recognised as an asset. 

The Committee received detailed reporting from management and 
challenged the appropriateness of the assumptions made, including: 

• the consistent application of management’s methodology; 

• the achievability of the business plans; 

• assumptions in relation to long-term growth in the businesses 

at the end of the plan period; and 

• discount rates. 

The Committee paid particular attention to the business plans 
and management’s proposed cash flows attributable to each Cash 
Generating Unit, and the determination of the discount rate used in the 
calculation. Consideration was also given to the impact of Covid-19. 
Detailed support for these assumptions was provided by management. 

The Committee considered the proposal and provided robust challenge 
to the assumptions, notably the evidence to support the discount rate 
and the appropriateness of the future cashflow assumptions. 

After its reviews, the Committee concluded that the assumptions 
were reasonable. 

Goodwill is disclosed in note 17 of the financial statements. 

During 2020, the Committee received reports from management 
on the proposed approach to the valuation of the pension scheme. 
As the pension scheme is sensitive to changes in key assumptions, 
management completed an assessment as to the appropriateness 
of the assumptions used, taking advice from independent actuarial 
experts and including, where appropriate, benchmark data, and 
reported its findings to the Committee. Following this review, 
management concluded that a number of assumptions would align 
to those used in the scheme’s 2019 triennial valuation, the gap between 
CPI and RPI reflected the outcome of a Government consultation 
of the future of RPI and future improvements in mortality assumptions 
were updated. 

Following consideration, the Committee concluded that the 
assumptions proposed were appropriate and in line with normal 
market practice. 

The impact of updating assumptions to reflect those in force 
at the balance sheet date on the valuation at 31 December 2020 
are explained in note 19 to the financial statements. 

Other matters considered by the 
Committee outside of the Group 
The Committee is constituted 
as a committee of the Board of Directors 
of both Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc 
and its immediate parent Ecclesiastical 
Insurance Group plc. As a result, the 
Committee will also consider matters that 
are specific to the Group, Ecclesiastical 
Insurance Group plc and therefore items 
that are not included within Ecclesiastical 
Insurance Office plc’s financial statements 
within this Annual Report and Accounts. 
The Committee considered a number 
of accounting judgements and reporting 
matters in the preparation of Ecclesiastical 
Insurance Group’s financial results 
in a manner consistent with that set out 
within this report. This included the carrying 
value of goodwill and the treatment of 
business combinations related to insurance 
broker businesses of that Group. 

Fair, balanced and 
understandable 
The Committee considered whether 
in its opinion, the 2020 Annual Report 
and Accounts were fair, balanced and 
understandable and provided the 
information necessary for shareholders 
to assess the Group’s position and 
performance, business model and strategy. 
The Committee has reviewed and provided 
feedback on early drafts of the Annual 
Report and Accounts, highlighting any 
areas where further clarity was required 
in the final version. 

The Committee was provided with 
comprehensive verification of all the 
information and facts in the Annual Report 
and Accounts. When forming its opinion, 
the Committee reflected on information 
it had received and discussions throughout 
the year as well as its knowledge of the 
business and its performance. A suitably 
qualified employee of the Group, who does 
not work in a financial or actuarial area 
and is not involved in the production of the 

Annual Report and Accounts or financial 
results, reviewed a near-final draft and gave 
their opinion on whether they consider 
it to be fair, balanced and understandable. 
Guidance on what is meant by these 
statements and aspects the employee might 
wish to consider when forming an opinion 
was provided. 

The Committee was satisfied that 
the disclosures in the Annual Report 
and Accounts, taken as a whole, are 
fair, balanced and understandable and 
represented the results and business 
performance for the year ended 
31 December 2020. 

Oversight of the Group’s systems 
of internal control including 
the internal audit function 
Assessment of internal controls 
The Group’s approach to internal control 
and risk management is set out in the 
Corporate Governance Report on page 104. 

In reviewing the effectiveness of the system 
of internal control and risk management 
during 2020, the Committee has: 

• reviewed the findings and agreed 

management actions arising from both 
external and internal audit reports issued 
during the year; 

• monitored management’s responsiveness 

to the findings and recommendations of the 
Group Chief Internal Auditor; 

• met with the Group Chief Internal Auditor 

once during the year without management 
being present to discuss any issues arising 
from internal audits carried out; and 

• considered a report prepared by the Group 
Chief Internal Auditor giving his assessment 
of the strength of the Group’s internal 
controls based on internal audit activity 
during the year. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Audit Committee Report 

134 

135 

Internal control over financial reporting 
Internal control over financial reporting 
is a process designed to provide reasonable, 
but not absolute, assurance regarding the 
reliability of management and financial 
reporting in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles. Controls over 
financial reporting policies and procedures 
include controls to ensure that: 
• through clearly defined role profiles 

and financial mandates, there is effective 
delegation of authority; 

• there is adequate segregation of duties 
in respect of all financial transactions; 

• commitments and expenditure are 

appropriately authorised by management; 

• records are maintained which accurately 

and fairly reflect transactions; 
• any unauthorised acquisition, use 

or disposal of the Group’s assets that could 
have a material effect on the financial 
statements should be detected 
on a timely basis; 

• transactions are recorded as required 
to permit the preparation of financial 
statements; and 

• the Group is able to report its financial 
statements in compliance with IFRS. 

Due to inherent limitations, internal control 
over financial reporting may not prevent 
or detect misstatements. Risk management 
and control systems provide reasonable 
assurance that the financial reporting does 
not contain any material inaccuracies. 
Through its review of reports received from 
management, along with those from internal 
and external auditors, the Committee did not 
identify any material weaknesses in internal 
controls over financial reporting during the 
year. The financial systems are deemed 
to have functioned properly during the 
year under review, and there are no current 
indications they will not continue 
to do so in the forthcoming period. 

Group Internal Audit (GIA) 
GIA is monitored by the Committee and 
provides independent, objective assurance 
to the Board that the governance processes, 
management of risk and systems of internal 
control are adequate and effective to mitigate 
the most significant risks to the Group. 
GIA operate a co-sourcing arrangement 
in the UK and Ireland where specialist 
resource is required to supplement existing 
resources. In addition, GIA oversees and 
monitors the outsourced internal audit 
arrangements in Australia and Canada, 
with the internal audit outsourced partner 
for Canada changed during 2020, to bring 
on board Ernst & Young. 

The Committee has oversight responsibility 
for GIA and is satisfied that GIA has 
the appropriate resources. The Group 
Chief Internal Auditor is accountable 
to the Committee Chairman, reports 
administratively to the Group Chief Financial 
Officer and has access to the Group Chief 
Executive and the Chairman of the Board. 
The function also has an extensive 
stakeholder management programme 
across the whole of the Group. 

GIA’s annual programme of work is risk 
based and designed to cover areas of higher 
risk or specific focus across the Group. 
The plan is approved annually in advance 
by the Committee and is regularly reviewed 
throughout the year to ensure that 
it continues to reflect areas of higher priority. 
Where necessary, changes to the agreed 
plan are identified as a consequence of the 
Group’s changing risk profile. In light of new 
and emerging risks identified in relation 
to Covid-19, the Committee reviewed and 
approved a revised plan in response to the 
pandemic. All proposed changes to the 
agreed internal audit plan are reviewed, 
challenged and approved by the Committee 
during the year. In addition to this, GIA also 
continued focus on the Horizon Programme 
and Data Management within the Company. 

Throughout the year, GIA submitted quarterly 
reports to the Committee summarising 
findings from audit activity undertaken and 
the responses and action plans agreed with 
management. During the year, the Committee 
monitored progress of the most significant 
management action plans to ensure that 
these were completed in a timely manner 
and to a satisfactory standard. 

Our Whistleblowing procedures, polices and 
guides were reviewed and updated to ensure 
that, in line with best practice, they are 
accessible, easily understood and are aimed 
to encourage and give confidence to potential 
Whistleblowers. The procedures that exist 
to monitor whistleblowing incidents were 
also improved to embed regular Group wide 
monitoring and oversight. 

Whistleblowing 
During the year, the Committee reviewed the 
development of the Group’s whistleblowing 
arrangements which are the responsibility 
of the Board and overseen by Group HR. 
A key focus was creating an environment 
in which whistleblowing is well understood, 
openly communicated and a positive 
culture for raising concerns was promoted. 
By fostering a culture of openness we aim 
to ensure that every employee feels 
confident and safe to speak up and challenge 
when and if they need to. 

The Whistleblowing programme included 
a targeted set of actions encompassing 
training, communication and monitoring, 
each designed to improve both accessibility 
and understanding across the Group. Online 
training modules were implemented for all 
employees in both Whistleblowing and 
Code of Conduct to increase awareness 
and emphasise an open and positive culture. 
Individual attestation ensured the roll out 
could be closely monitored and tracked and 
the programme was reinforced via employee 
communications. Further targeted training 
was provided for colleagues with additional 
responsibilities including line managers and 
persons named in the Whistleblowing policy. 
Our guidance for managers paid particular 
attention to both recognising and responding 
to potential instances of whistleblowing 
to ensure that incidents are correctly 
handled in a responsive and sensitive way 
and to prevent any victimisation 
of Whistleblowers. 

More information about the Group’s 
whistleblowing policy and arrangements 
is included within the Corporate 
Governance Report. 

Legal and regulatory 
developments 
The Committee receives regular reports and 
considers the impact of legal and regulatory 
developments on the UK Group to control 
legal and regulatory risk. It monitors the 
application and impact of any actions 
required by the business or organisation 
through to completion. Reports are 
shared with relevant business areas, 
and with relevant subsidiary Boards 
and Board Committees. 

The year ahead 
In 2021, the Committee will continue 
to provide oversight of financial reporting 
and internal controls of the Group. A key area 
of focus for the Committee will be the Group’s 
implementation of IFRS 17, effective from 
1 January 2023, and the increasing maturity 
of the control environment. 

The Committee remains committed to its vital 
role in overseeing the integrity of financial 
reporting and effectiveness of controls. 

By order of the Board. 

Andrew McIntyre 
Chairman of the Group Audit Committee 
18 March 2021 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

136 

137 

Group Remuneration 
Report 

Group Remuneration Committee Chair’s statement 
As Chair of the Group Remuneration Committee (the Committee), I am pleased 
to introduce the Group Remuneration Report for 2020 and to highlight some of the 
key aspects of the Committee’s work during what has been a year of unprecedented 
challenges for all of our stakeholders including the Group, our customers, employees 
and communities. I was appointed as Chair of the Committee on 21 June 2019 having 
been a member of the Committee since 2014. This year Neil Maidment and Sir Stephen 
Lamport joined the Committee on 2 March 2020 and 18 June 2020 respectively. 
The Very Reverend Christine Wilson stepped down from the Committee 
on 18 June 2020 and I would like to take this opportunity to thank her 
for her contribution to the Committee’s work. 

2020 performance and incentive outcomes 
2020 was uniquely challenging due to the 
significant impact of Covid-19. As described 
in the Strategic Report starting on page 14, 
our results were impacted by Covid-19 
and in particular by the falls in investment 
markets. However while this affected our 
reported overall financial performance, 
resulting in a reported loss before tax 
of £15.7m, our underlying businesses 
performed well and the Group remains 
financially resilient going into 2021. 
Underwriting results across the Group have 
been resilient at £12.1m (2019: £20.0m) after 
£18.7m for Covid-19 related claims where 
cover is confirmed. The Group delivered Gross 
Written Premium growth of 11% to £437m 
(2019: £394m) supported by strong retention 
and new business. As set out in the Financial 
Performance Report starting on page 50, 
investment returns were down due 
to Covid-19’s impact on financial markets, 
resulting in a net investment loss of £4.2m. 

The Committee, however, note with pride 
and thanks the efforts of all our colleagues 
at Ecclesiastical in continuing to deliver what 
matters most to the business, overcoming 
their own personal challenges to support 
our customers and to deliver on the Group’s 
purpose, strategy and ambition for the future. 
Delivery of the Group’s strategic agenda 
remained strong, despite the unprecedented 
challenges of Covid-19, and its performance 
against its customer and conduct targets 
remained resilient and in line with prior years. 

Performance targets applicable to the 
Group’s annual bonus and long-term 
incentive plans (LTIP) were not adjusted 
in light of the impact of Covid-19 and remain 
as originally determined. 

These are challenging times for Ecclesiastical, 
our customers and the many charities and 
communities that we look to support and 
therefore our approach to remuneration 
remains restrained. In considering the annual 
bonus outcomes for executive directors, the 
Committee reflected on the financial, strategic, 

customer and conduct performance of the 
Group including the reported loss before 
tax of £15.7m, reduced performance against 
Group COR targets, and the continuing strong 
delivery against the Group’s strategic change 
programme and customer and conduct 
targets. The Committee further considered 
shareholder and regulatory expectations 
regarding executive remuneration and the 
experience of the wider employee population 
in relation to annual bonus outcomes 
for 2020. In its assessment of individual 
performance during the year, the Committee 
recognised the excellent performance 
against executive directors’ personal financial, 
strategic and wider objectives, in the face 
of the challenges brought by Covid-19. 

In light of the Group’s reported results and 
to align executive directors’ awards with 
shareholder experience and with wider 
employee awards, the Committee resolved 
that the aggregate Group performance 
multiplier determined in line with the 
executive directors’ bonus plan for 2020 
should be reduced by a further 13%. 
Awards under the annual bonus scheme were 
therefore materially reduced in comparison 
to prior years. Annual bonus awards for 2020 
are 45.0% of maximum (which is 100% 
of salary) for the Group Chief Executive, 
46.5% for the Deputy Group Chief Executive 
and 43.4% for the Group Chief Financial 
Officer. 35% of the awards under the plan 
are deferred for one year and are subject 
to the Group returning to profit in 2021. 
Further details of performance against 
the targets set for 2020 are disclosed on 
page 158 of this report. 

The long-term incentive plan (LTIP) granted 
in 2018 vested at 53.8%, reflecting the Group’s 
performance against the financial, strategic, 
customer and conduct targets over the 
2018-2020 period. The Committee considered 
that the LTIP awards were a fair reflection 
of the overall performance achieved and, 
having considered all the relevant factors, 
determined that no discretionary adjustment 
of awards was necessary. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

138 

139 

In line with the Committee’s established 
practice, the Committee, supported by the 
Group Chief Risk & Compliance Officer, 
considered risk management outcomes 
across the Group as part of its deliberations 
and in particular assessed whether any 
risk adjustment of awards was appropriate. 
Following this review, the Committee did 
not consider risk adjustment of the awards 
to be necessary. 

Base salary 
In light of the impact of the Covid-19 
pandemic, the Committee decided that there 
will be no pay increases for directors or 
senior employees across the Group in 2021 
and that there will be no increases to fees for 
the Chairman and non-executive directors. 

Key Committee activities during the year 
A key consideration underlying the 
Committee’s work during the year has 
been the impact of Covid-19 on the Group, 
its customers and employees, as well as 
consideration of wider shareholder and 
regulatory expectations regarding executive 
remuneration. The Committee has sought 
to balance these perspectives throughout 
its deliberations, striking a balance between 
rewarding the exceptional hard work 
and resilience shown by executive directors 
and colleagues in continuing to deliver for 
our customers, and the reduced performance 
against the financial targets set out in the 
Group’s variable pay schemes for the year. 

The Committee reviewed the Group’s 
Remuneration Policy and determined that 
it remains effective and continues to drive the 
sustained and long-term performance of the 
Group. The Committee determined that the 
remuneration packages of executive directors 
remain appropriately aligned with the Group’s 
strategic objectives and reflective of the 
experience and track record of the executive 
directors and comparative benchmarking. 
Looking ahead to the next stage of the 
Group’s strategic journey, the Committee 
explored how remuneration policy and 
incentive design should evolve in future 

to continue to drive the Group’s strategy and 
long-term performance, including in respect 
of ESG and climate change considerations. 

2020 saw a number of changes within the 
wider leadership of the Group. In relation 
to these changes, the Committee considered, 
on their respective appointments, 
the remuneration packages for the Group 
Development Director, Chief Executive 
Officer of EdenTree, Group Chief Risk 
and Compliance Officer, Claims Director 
and Chief Investment Officer. 

Across the wider Group, with the aim 
of aligning reward, the Committee continued 
to oversee the development and application 
of remuneration policy and incentive scheme 
design. In particular, revised incentive 
arrangements were reviewed for Lycetts 
Holdings Ltd (Lycetts) (part of the EIG Group). 

The Group’s gender pay report for 2020 
showed a continuing improvement in the 
Group’s gender pay gap. The actions the 
Group has taken have resulted in a higher 
proportion of women filling senior roles and 
this has contributed to our median gender 
pay gap reducing for a fourth consecutive 
year to 21.1%, from 22.4% in 2019 and 25.0% 
when first reported in 2017. The Group 
continues to be committed to promoting 
diversity and gender balance at every level 
in the business and ensuring that all 
employees have a fair and equal pay 
opportunity appropriate to their role. 

The regulatory and corporate governance 
environment in which the Group operates 
continues to evolve. During 2020, 
the Committee considered the implications 
of the Investment Firms Directive and 
Regulation on remuneration policy and 
the changes arising from the requirements 
of the Shareholder Rights Directive, further 
details of which are set out in this report. 

The Committee undertook a competitive 
tender process during 2020 to appoint 
an external adviser to the Committee. 

As a result Deloitte LLP were appointed as 
adviser to the Committee with effect from 
June 2020. Following their appointment, the 
Committee worked with Deloitte to embed 
effective input and challenge by Deloitte into 
the Committee’s deliberations. 

and ultimate shareholder Allchurches 
Trust Limited, and remain mindful of our 
responsibilities to drive sustained and 
improved performance over the long term 
through our remuneration strategy, policy 
and principles. 

Conclusion 
Finally, I value the continued support 
and counsel of our charitable owner 

Caroline Taylor 
Chair of the Group Remuneration 
18 March 2021 

Committee 

Committee member 

Member since 

Meetings eligible 
to attend 

Meetings 
attended 

Caroline Taylor1
David Henderson2
Sir Stephen Lamport3
Neil Maidment4
Angus Winther5
The Very Reverend Christine Wilson6 

 November 2014 
 September 2016 
 June 2020 
 March 2020 
 April 2019 
February 2018 

5 
5 
2 
4 
5 
3 

5 
5 
2 
4 
5 
2 

1  Caroline Taylor was appointed Chairman of the Committee on 21 June 2019. 

2  David Henderson relinquished the chairmanship of the Committee with effect 

from 19 March 2019 on his appointment as Group Chairman. 

3  Sir Stephen Lamport was appointed to the Committee on 18 June 2020. 

4  Neil Maidment was appointed to the Committee on 2 March 2020. 

5  Angus Winther was appointed to the Committee on 3 April 2019. 

Group Remuneration Committee 
Purpose and membership 
The Committee is responsible for 
recommending to the Board the 
Remuneration Policy for executive directors 
and for setting the remuneration packages 
for each executive director, members of the 
Group Management Board (GMB), Material 
Risk Takers and heads of strategic business 
units. None of the executive directors were 
involved in discussions relating to their own 
remuneration. The Committee also 
has overarching responsibility for the 
Group-wide Remuneration Policy. 

During 2020, the Committee held five 
meetings in total. The Group Remuneration
Committee members and their attendance
at meetings during the year are set out 
in the table above. All members are
independent NEDs and have the necessary
experience and expertise to meet the
Committee’s responsibilities. There was cross
membership of the Group Risk Committee
and the Committee to promote alignment of
the Group’s Risks and Remuneration Policies
and consideration of Risk management and
outcomes in setting reward.

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Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

140 

141 

Remuneration Committee timetable 
The table below sets out some of the key agenda items discussed at each Committee meeting 
during 2020. 

Meeting 

Key discussion points 

January 2020 

March 2020 

July 2020 

November 2020 

• 2020 annual bonus and 2020-2022 LTIP design 
• 2019 Directors’ Remuneration Report 
• Material Risk Taker list 

• 2019 annual bonus and 2017-2019 LTIP outcomes 
• 2020 annual bonus and 2020-2022 LTIP design 
• Review of pay benchmarking and 2020 salary proposals 
• Deferral policy for EdenTree Material Risk Takers 
• 2019 Directors’ Remuneration Report 
• Tender for external Remuneration Adviser to the Committee 

• Review of executive remuneration trends and market practice 
• Wider employee trends and policies 
• Remuneration Policy review and Remuneration Policy Statement 
• Material Risk Taker list 
• Impact of Covid-19 on remuneration 
• External Remuneration Committee evaluation results 

• Strategic Remuneration Policy review 
• Update on 2020 Group Management Board pay outturns 
• Wider employee remuneration trends and pay 
• 2020 Directors’ Remuneration Report 
• Material Risk Taker identification process and Material Risk Taker list 
• Gender pay gap reporting 
• Annual audit of EdenTree remuneration policy 
• 2021 Lycetts annual bonus design 
• Annual review of Remuneration Committee Terms of Reference 
• External Remuneration Committee evaluation outcomes 

Advisers to the Committee 
The Committee undertook a competitive tender process during 2020 to appoint an external 
adviser to the Committee. Deloitte were appointed as adviser to the Committee with effect 
from June 2020, taking over from Aon who acted as advisers to the Committee prior 
to this date. 

As such, the Committee received external advice from both Aon and Deloitte during the year 
in relation to the review of the Group’s Remuneration Policy; the determination of appropriate 
remuneration packages for executive directors, members of the GMB and heads of strategic 
business units and remuneration market trends and regulation. Aon also act in the capacity 
of Actuary to EIO Trustees Ltd in respect of the Group’s closed defined benefit pension 
scheme. The Committee also had access to benchmarking reports from Willis Towers Watson 
and McLagan, each of which also provides data to support the determination of pay and 
conditions throughout the Group. 

Fees for professional advice to the Committee paid to Aon during 2020 were £27,970 
(2019: £48,722) and fees paid to Deloitte were £99,222. The Committee is satisfied that 
the advice received during 2020 from both Aon and Deloitte was impartial. 

Where appropriate, the Committee received input from the Group Chief Executive, 
Group Chief Financial Officer, Group HR Director, Group Chief Risk and Compliance Officer 
and Group Reward Director. Such input, however, never relates to their own remuneration. 

Remuneration ‘At a Glance’ – Key features of the Policy and implementation for 2021 

Key Remuneration Principles 

Long-term sustainable 
returns 

Reflecting individual and 
business performance 

The performance measures will reflect and support the 
Group’s underlying strategic goals and risk appetite and are 
comprised of both financial and non-financial targets. 

Reward payments will be performance related and 
a prudent and considered approach adopted to determine 
the performance-related portion of an employee’s package. 

Straightforward and simple  Reward structures will be straightforward and simple 

Set by reference to levels 
for comparable roles 

An appropriate balance 
of fixed to variable pay 

A balance between short-
and long-term incentives 

for everyone to understand. 

Remuneration packages will be set by reference to levels 
for comparable roles in comparable organisations. However, 
benchmark data will be only one of a number of factors 
in determining remuneration packages. 

Reward structures will deliver an appropriate balance 
of fixed to variable pay to foster a performance culture, 
with the proportion of ‘at risk’ pay typically increasing 
with seniority. 

The balance is largely driven by role and seniority, 
with generally a greater contribution to reward provided 
by long-term incentives for more senior employees. 

Fair and equal pay 
opportunity 

Ecclesiastical is committed to ensuring that all employees 
have a fair and equal pay opportunity appropriate to their role. 

Best practice guidelines 

The Group will strive to adhere to the highest standards 
of remuneration-related regulatory compliance and 
best practice guidelines, while ensuring that the Group’s 
remuneration policies are appropriately tailored 
to its circumstances, challenges and strategic goals. 

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Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

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143 

Remuneration ‘At a Glance’ – Remuneration Policy summary and implementation for 2021 
The table below sets out the key features of the Policy and how it will be implemented in 2021. Looking ahead to the next 
stage of the Group’s strategic journey, the Committee initiated a strategic review of remuneration policy and incentive design, 
which will continue through 2021, to ensure these continue to drive the Group’s strategy and long-term performance. 

Element 
of pay

Operation 

Base Salary  Reviewed annually with any increases normally taking effect 

in April. 

Benefits 

Pension 

Annual 
Bonus 

Long-term 
incentive 
plan 

Benefits normally comprise a car allowance, a private healthcare 
scheme, income protection, life assurance, medical assessments, 
and other benefits cover on the same basis as the wider 
employee population. 

The employer contribution rate to the UK Defined Contribution 
Scheme for Executive Directors appointed prior to 2019 is 15% and 
for Executive Directors appointed from 2019 is 12% of basic salary, 
in line with the wider employee population. A cash allowance can 
be paid where pension contributions would be in excess of the 
HMRC annual and/or lifetime allowance. 
The employer contribution rate to the Canada Defined Contribution 
Pension plan is 12% of basic salary subject to the Government’s 
annual contribution limits. Amounts in excess are contributed 
to a SERP. 

Maximum opportunity of 100% of salary of which 50% is payable 
for a target level of performance. 
Targets are set annually and award levels are determined based 
on one-year performance against these targets. 
For 2020, these were: 
i)  Ecclesiastical Insurance Group (EIG) PBT (including fair value 

investment gains/losses) 

ii)  Group Combined Operating Ratio (COR) 
iii)  Strategic targets 
iv) Customer and conduct targets 
v)  Personal performance targets 
Any bonus earned in excess of 75% of maximum opportunity 
is deferred over three years. Malus and clawback provisions apply. 

The awards are granted annually and operate in three-year 
periods. 
Under the rules of the LTIP, awards can be made of up to 150% 
of salary in the case of the Group Chief Executive and 
of up to 100% of salary in the case of other Executive Directors. 
Targets are set annually for each successive three-year LTIP 
period. For 2020-22, the measures were: 
i)  Group EIG PBT (including fair value investment gains/losses); 
ii)  Group EIG PBT (excluding fair value investment gains/losses); 
iii)  Group COR; 
iv) Strategic targets; 
v)  Customer and conduct targets. 
Malus and clawback provisions apply. 

Implementation 
 for 2021 

In light of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, 
the Committee decided that there will be no pay 
increases for directors in 2021, in line with senior 
employees across the Group. 
•  CEO: £475,000 
•  Deputy CEO: £386,486 
•  Group Chief Financial Officer: £307,500 

No change. 

No change. 

The maximum and target opportunities are 
unchanged for 2021, with targets for 2021 being: 
i)  Group EIG PBT (including fair value investment 

gains/losses) 

ii)  Group COR 
iii)  Underwriting balanced scorecard 
iv) Strategic targets 
v)  Customer and conduct targets 
vi) Personal performance targets 
Any bonus earned in excess of 75% of maximum 
opportunity is deferred over three years. Malus 
and clawback provisions apply. 

The size of the awards granted is unchanged 
for 2021, with targets for 2021 being: 
i)  Group EIG PBT (including fair value investment 

gains/losses); 

ii)  Group EIG PBT (excluding fair value investment 

gains/losses); 

iii)  Group COR; 
iv) Strategic targets; 
v)  Customer and conduct targets. 
Malus and clawback provisions apply. 

Remuneration ‘At a Glance’ – variable pay outturns 

Annual bonus outturn for the year ending 31 December 2020 
Further details including information on the performance assessment of the strategic 
and customer and conduct metrics are set out on pages 158 to 162 in this report. 

Group COR 

Group EIG PBT – 
including fair 
value investment 
gains/losses 

Strategic Targets 

Actual 
£(17.7m) 

Threshold 
(0.5x) 

98.6% 

Actual 95.1% 

Target 
(1.0x) 

92.1% 

Maximum 
(1.5x) 

Weighted 
multiplier 

89.5% 

0.31 

£10.9m 

£38.9m 

£71.0m 

-

50% 

75% 

100% 

0.21 

Actual 94.9% 

Customer and Conduct 

85% 

90% 

100% 

0.20 

Total (before discretion) 

Total (after discretion) 

Actual 96% 

0.71 

0.62 

35% of annual bonus awards for the year ending 31 December 2020 are deferred for one year 
and are subject to the Group returning to profit in 2021. 

2018-2020 LTIP Outturns 
Further details including information on the performance assessment of the strategic 
and customer and conduct metrics are set out on pages 158 to 162 in this report. 

Group COR 

96.9% 

93.9% 

90.9% 

97% 

Threshold 
(20% vesting) 

Target 
(50% vesting) 

Maximum 
(100% vesting) 

Percentage 
vesting 

First PBT Condition – 
excluding fair value 
gains/losses 

Second PBT Condition – 
including fair value 
gains/losses 

Actual 
£68.6m 

Actual 91.1% 

£80.8m 

£110.4m 

£140.7m 

34% 

Actual £94.8m 

£70.8m 

£115.4m 

£172.7m 

-

Strategic Targets 

50% 

75% 

100% 

85% 

Actual 92.4% 

Customer and Conduct 

80% 

90% 

100% 

83% 

Actual 96.7% 

Total 

53.8% 

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Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

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145 

Directors’ Remuneration Policy 
The Directors’ Remuneration Policy 
(the ‘Policy’) described in this part of the report 
is intended to apply for up to three years 
from January 2021. The Policy is aligned 
to delivery of the Group’s strategic objectives 
and establishes a set of principles which 
underpin the Group’s reward structures 
for all Group employees. 

1.  Reward structures will promote the delivery 
of long-term sustainable returns. As such, 
the performance measures in the annual 
bonus and LTIP will reflect and support the 
Group’s underlying strategic goals and risk 
appetite and are comprised of both financial 
and non-financial targets. 

2.  Reward payments will be performance-

related, reflecting individual and business 
performance, including both what has 
been delivered and the way in which such 
deliveries have been achieved. However, 
the Group will adopt a prudent and 
considered approach when determining 
what portion of an employee’s package 
should be performance-linked and/or 
variable so as to ensure that irresponsible 
conduct and behaviours are neither 
encouraged nor rewarded and that 
customer experience is not prejudiced 
in any way by the operation of its 
pay arrangements. 

3.  Reward structures will be straightforward 
and simple for everyone to understand. 

4.  Remuneration packages will be set 

by reference to levels for comparable 
roles in comparable organisations. 
However, benchmark data will be only one 
of a number of factors that will determine 
remuneration packages. 

5.  Reward structures will deliver 

an appropriate balance of fixed to variable 
pay in order to foster a performance 
culture, with the proportion of ‘at risk’ pay 
typically increasing with seniority. However, 
high levels of leverage are not appropriate 
for the Group. 

6.  Reward structures will achieve a balance 

between short- and long-term incentives, 
supporting the overall aim of the Group’s 
Remuneration Policy of promoting 
the long-term success of the Group. 
The balance between short and long-term 
incentive pay is largely driven by role 
and seniority, with generally a greater 
contribution to reward provided 
by long-term incentives for more 
senior employees. 

7.  Ecclesiastical is committed to ensuring that 
all employees have a fair and equal pay 
opportunity appropriate to their role. 

8.  The Group will strive to adhere to the 

highest standards of remuneration-related 
regulatory compliance and best practice 
guidelines, while ensuring that the Group’s 
remuneration policies are appropriately 
tailored to its circumstances, challenges 
and strategic goals. 

When determining remuneration policy for 
Executive Directors, the Committee considers 
the following factors, which are embedded 
in our principles: 

•  Clarity and simplicity – that remuneration 
arrangements are straightforward and 
simple for everyone to understand, 
providing transparency for executives 
and our shareholder regarding the business 
and individual performance sought. 

•  Risk – that incentive plans are designed 
to manage and mitigate the reputational 
and other risks that can arise from 
excessive rewards, together with 
the behavioural risks. 

•  Predictability – that the range of possible 

values of reward for performance outcomes 
together with the limits and discretion 
applicable to the remuneration 
arrangements are identified and 
clearly explained. 

•  Proportionality – that the link between 
individual remuneration outcomes and 
the delivery of the Group’s strategy and 
long-term performance is clear and that 
remuneration outcomes are proportionate 
and do not reward poor performance. 

•  Alignment to culture – that remuneration 
arrangements drive behaviours consistent 
with the Group’s purpose, values, culture 
and strategy, with remuneration outcomes 
reflecting both what has been delivered 
and the way in which such deliveries have 
been achieved. 

The Committee reviews the Group’s 
Remuneration Policy on a regular basis 
to ensure that it remains aligned with the 
needs of the Group and its longer-term 
strategy and that it remains appropriately 
aligned with the external market. 

Balancing short- and long-term 
remuneration 
The Committee has established the 
remuneration elements set out in this report 
in line with the Group’s Remuneration Policy 
principles described above. Fixed annual 
elements including salary, pension and 
benefits, are set in order to recognise the 
responsibility and experience of the Group’s 
executive directors and to ensure current 
and future market competitiveness. 
The annual and long-term incentives are set 
in order to incentivise and reward the Group’s 
executive directors for making the Group 
successful on a sustainable basis. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

146 

147 

Future policy table (Executive Directors) 

How the element supports the  Operation of the element 
Group’s strategic objectives 

Maximum potential value and payment 
at threshold 

Performance measures used, 
weighting and time period applicable 

Salary 
To support the attraction 
and retention of talent with 
the capability to deliver 
the Group’s strategy and 
performance goals. 

Benefits 
To provide a market-competitive 
and cost-effective benefits 
package and promote the 
wellbeing of employees. 

Pension 
To provide market-competitive 
and cost-effective 
post-retirement benefits. 

Salaries are reviewed annually with any changes normally 
taking effect from 1 April each year. 

When the annual review is conducted various factors are taken 
into account, including Group and individual performance, 
any changes to the scope or responsibilities of the role, 
relevant market information and levels of pay increases 
in the wider UK or relevant territory population. 

Group and individual performance 

Benefits normally comprise a car allowance, a private healthcare 
scheme, income protection and medical assessments. Executive 
directors also receive life assurance cover on the same basis 
as the wider employee population and in the case of the Deputy 
Group Chief Executive, health and dental cover and accidental death 
and dismemberment cover on the same basis as the wider employee 
population in the Group’s Canadian branch. 

UK Defined Contribution Scheme: UK-based executive 
directors are eligible to participate in the Group Personal 
Pension plan. Contributions are made by the employee 
and employer. A cash allowance can be paid where pension 
contributions would be in excess of the HMRC annual and/or 
lifetime allowance. 

Canadian EIO plc Defined Contribution Pension plan: 
the Canadian Defined Contribution plan is applicable to 
Ecclesiastical’s Canadian staff. The Deputy Group Chief 
Executive participates under this plan and does not participate 
in the UK Defined Contribution Scheme. Contributions are 
made by the employer. 

Benefits are set at a level taking into account benefit packages 
offered by comparable organisations for comparable roles; 
benefits offered to the wider employee population and with 
the overall objective of promoting the wellbeing of employees. 
The costs are those relating to providing the benefit. 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

The level of pension contribution is set at a level taking into 
account pension benefits offered by comparable organisations 
for comparable roles and benefits offered to the wider 
employee population. 

The employer contribution rate to the UK Defined Contribution 
Scheme for Executive Directors appointed prior to 2019 is 15% 
and for Executive Directors appointed from 2019 is 12% of basic 
salary, in line with the wider employee population. 

The employer contribution rate to the Canada Defined 
Contribution Pension plan is 12% of basic salary subject 
to the Government’s annual contribution limits. Amounts 
in excess are contributed to a SERP. 

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Group annual 
bonus scheme 
To incentivise delivery of the 
Group’s key financial and 
strategic targets over the year. 

Deferral provides 
further alignment with 
shareholder interests 
and promotes retention. 

This cash bonus is paid annually, normally three months 
after the end of the financial year to which it relates. 
Targets are set annually and award levels are determined 
by the Committee based on performance against 
these targets. 

Any bonus earned in excess of 75% of an individual’s 
maximum bonus opportunity is deferred over a period 
of three years. 

Maximum opportunity of 100% of salary of which 50% 
is payable for a target level of performance. 

The Group annual bonus is subject to a range of challenging 
financial and non-financial metrics linked to key strategic 
priorities. 

For 2021, these are: 
•  Ecclesiastical Insurance Group (EIG) PBT (including fair value 

investment gains/losses) 

•  Group COR 
•  Underwriting balanced scorecard 
•  Strategic targets 
•  Customer and conduct targets 
•  Personal performance targets 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

148 

149 

Future policy table (Executive Directors) continued 

How the element supports the  Operation of the element 
Group’s strategic objectives 

Group LTIP 
To focus the executives and 
incentivise the achievement 
of the Group’s long-term 
objectives; to align the 
executive directors’ 
interests with those of the 
shareholder and to promote 
attraction and retention 
of talented individuals. 

Cash awards under the Group LTIP vest dependent 
on the Committee’s assessment of performance against 
the performance conditions over the relevant three-year 
period. Targets are set annually for each successive 
three-year LTIP period. 

Notes to policy table 

Performance measures and targets 

The Committee selected the performance 
conditions used for annual bonus and 
long-term incentives because they are 
central to the Group’s overall strategy and 
are key metrics used in measuring the 
performance of the Group. The performance 
conditions are reviewed and set annually 
by the Committee, following consultation 
with the Group Chief Risk and Compliance 
Officer, including in particular regarding the 
extent to which the schemes operate within 
the Group’s risk appetite. 

The Committee is of the opinion that the 
performance targets are commercially 
sensitive to the Group and that disclosure 
at the beginning of the financial year 
may be detrimental to its interests. 
The Committee will keep this under review. 
Meanwhile targets will be disclosed at the 
end of the relevant financial year in that 
year’s Remuneration Report provided they 
are not considered commercially sensitive 
at that time. 

Performance conditions under annual 
bonus and LTIP schemes may be amended 
or substituted by the Committee if an event 

occurs, or other exceptional circumstances 
arise, which causes the Committee 
to determine an amended or substituted 
performance condition would 
be more appropriate. 

Remuneration Committee discretion, 
malus and clawback provisions 
The Committee has discretion to reduce 
any annual bonus and LTIP prior to award 
in certain circumstances, including (but not 
limited to): (i) issues regarding the Group’s 
underlying financial strength and position; 
(ii) actual or potential regulatory censure; 
(iii) if the Group is in material breach of its risk 
policies (including conduct risk) and/or its 
values/ethics; and (iv) a material diminution 
in the regard by which the Group is held 
by its customer base as a result of executive 
mismanagement. 

Bonus already paid or deferred, LTIP already 
vested and any unvested LTIP are subject 
to malus/clawback in certain circumstances, 
including (but not limited to): (i) misstatement 
of performance; (ii) regulatory censure, 
material reputational damage and/or 
material non-adherence to the Group’s risk 
tolerances; and (iii) misconduct. A three year 
time limit applies in respect of clawback from 
the date of bonus payment and LTIP vesting. 

Maximum potential value and payment 
at threshold 

Performance measures used, 
weighting and time period applicable 

Under the rules of the LTIP, awards can be made of up to 
150% of salary in the case of the Group Chief Executive 
and of up to 100% of salary in the case of other Executive 
Directors. 

At on-target performance, a target opportunity of 50% 
of the award applies. Threshold business performance 
results in vesting of no more than 20% of the award. 

The Group LTIP is subject to a range of challenging financial 
and non-financial conditions linked to key strategic priorities. 
For 2021 awards relating to the performance period 2021-2023, 
the following performance conditions will apply: 
•  Group EIG PBT (including fair value investment 

gains/losses); 

•  Group EIG PBT (excluding fair value investment 

gains/losses); 

•  Group COR; 
•  Strategic targets; 
•  Customer and conduct targets 

All employees of the Group are 
entitled to a salary, benefits, pension 
and an annual bonus opportunity. 
However, remuneration for executive 
directors is more heavily weighted 
towards variable rewards, through 
a higher annual bonus opportunity 
and participation in the Group LTIP 
alongside other senior employees. 
Such variable remuneration 
is conditional on the achievement 
of performance targets that are linked 
to the successful delivery of the 
Group strategy. The greater weighting 
towards variable remuneration thereby 
aligns the interests of executive 
directors with those of the shareholder. 

Due to the Group’s ownership structure, 
in particular that its ultimate parent 
company is a charity, it is not possible 
to deliver variable remuneration in the 
form of shares. Cash awards under 
the Group Annual Bonus and Group 
LTIP arrangements are not subject 
to a post vesting holding period. 

Changes to the Policy from that 
operating in 2020 
The weighting of financial performance 
conditions within the GMB annual 
bonus will be revised in the 2021 
GMB annual bonus plan, in order 
to place more weight on the overall 
profitability of the Group. The weighting 
on Group EIG PBT (including fair 
value investment gains and losses) 
is increased to 40% (from 30%) and 
that of Group COR is reduced to 20% 
(from 40%). An underwriting scorecard 
with targets relating to rate adequacy, 
retention and new business is being 
introduced for 2021, with a weighting 
of 10%. 

The weighting of financial performance 
conditions within the LTIP will be 
revised in the 2021 LTIP award relating 
to performance period 2021-2023, 

in order to place more weight on the 
overall profitability of the Group. The 
weighting of Group EIG PBT (including 
fair value investment gains and losses) 
is increased to 40% (from 25%); that 
of Group EIG PBT (excluding fair 
value investment gains and losses) 
is reduced to 20% (from 25%) and 
that of Group COR is reduced to 15% 
(from 25%). 

These changes to the Group’s 
Remuneration Policy will be made 
in 2021 and are reflected in the Future 
Policy table above. 

Remuneration arrangements 
elsewhere in the Group 
The Group’s approach to executive 
director and wider employee 
remuneration is based on the common 
set of principles set out in the Group’s 
Remuneration Policy on page 142. 
However, given the size of the Group 
and the range of its operations, the 
manner in which these principles are 
implemented varies with seniority and, 
where appropriate, with the nature 
of the business transacted by a Group 
entity and the individual regulatory 
requirements applying thereto. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

150 

151 

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Remuneration scenario charts 

Notes to the charts: 

The remuneration scenario charts below 
illustrate what each executive director 
could earn in respect of the policy for 2021, 
under different performance scenarios: 
•  Minimum: fixed pay only (being basic 

salary, pension or cash in lieu of pension 
and benefits) with no annual bonus and 
no vesting of the LTIP; 

•  On target: fixed pay plus annual bonus 
of 50% of basic salary and 50% vesting 
of the LTIP; 

•  Maximum: fixed pay plus maximum bonus 
of 100% of basic salary and 100% vesting 
of the LTIP. 

•  Fixed pay is base salary for 2021 plus 
the value of pension and benefits. 
•  Base salary is the salary applicable 

at 1 April 2021. 

•  The value of pension is calculated 

as described in the Future Policy table. 

•  The value of benefits in-kind is taken 
from the single figure table for 2020 
which can be found on page 157. 

•  The Group operates a cash LTIP scheme for 
the reasons set out above. No share price 
appreciation has therefore been included 
in the remuneration scenario charts. 

Mark Hews: Effect of the application of this policy in financial year 2021 

Minimum 

100% 

Total £550k 

On-Target 

Maximum 

48% 

32% 

21% 

31% 

Total £1,144k

27% 

41%

Total £1,738k 

S. Jacinta Whyte: Effect of the application of this policy in financial year 2021 

Minimum 

100% 

Total £455k 

On-Target 

Maximum 

54% 

37% 

23% 

23%

Total £841k 

31% 

31%

Total £1,228k 

D. Cockrem: Effect of the application of this policy in financial year 2021 

Minimum 

100% 

Total £352k 

On-Target 

Maximum 

53% 

36% 

23% 

23%

Total £660k 

32% 

32%

Total £967k 

Fixed Pay 

Annual Variable 

LTIP 

Approach to recruitment 
remuneration 

Ecclesiastical is a specialist financial services 
group competing for talent across a variety 
of markets. 

The Committee’s approach is to pay 
a fair market value to attract appropriate 
candidates to the role, taking into 
consideration their individual skills and 
experience and the ethos of the Group. 

seek to match the expected value of such 
awards through the use of the Group’s 
existing incentive arrangements. Where
 this is not possible, it may be necessary 
to offer some form of ‘buy-out’ award, 
the size of which will, in the normal course 
of events, reflect the commercial value 
of the award foregone (and the vesting 
timetable of the awards foregone) and will 
also (where possible) be subject to some 
form of clawback if the individual leaves 
Ecclesiastical within a set timeframe. 

Where it is thought necessary 
to compensate for an individual’s awards 
resulting from previous employment, 
the Committee may, as far as practicable, 

Any new executive director’s package would 
include the same elements and generally 
be subject to the same constraints 
as existing executive directors. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

152 

153 

Service contracts and policy on payment 
for loss of office 

Service contracts and policy on payment 
for loss of office continued 

Standard provision 

Policy 

Details 

Standard provision 

Policy 

Details 

Notice periods in executive 
directors’ service contracts 

Payment in lieu of notice 

Severance payment for 
Deputy Group Chief 
Executive 

Twelve months by the Group 
or executive director for the 
Group Chief Executive and 
six months by the Group 
or executive director for 
the Deputy Group Chief 
Executive and Group 
Chief Financial Officer. 

The Group may decide 
if it wishes to make 
a payment in lieu of notice 
of an amount prescribed 
under the contract, 
comprising of salary (and 
in the case of the Group Chief 
Executive, benefits) for the 
balance of the notice period, 
excluding bonus and accrued 
holiday entitlement. 

The Deputy Group Chief 
Executive’s pre-existing 
contract of employment 
before her appointment 
as Deputy Group Chief 
Executive contained 
severance provisions 
in line with Canadian law 
and practice. The policy 
of the Group has been 
to honour these 
commitments insofar 
as they relate to accrued 
service up to the date of her 
appointment to her new role, 
but not in respect of service 
after that date. 

Executive directors may 
be required to work through 
their notice period, or may 
be paid in lieu of notice 
if they are not required 
to work the full notice period. 

Payable as a lump sum 
within 14 days of termination 
date in the case of the Group 
Chief Executive. Payable 
in monthly instalments 
over the balance of the 
notice period in the case 
of the Deputy Group Chief 
Executive and Group 
Chief Financial Officer. 

The executive’s entitlement 
arises in the case of any 
termination by the Group 
for ‘No Cause’ as defined 
and represents the sum 
of £502k and the provision 
of dental and health insurance 
cover and life assurance cover 
for a period of 21 months 
after the termination date 
of her employment. 

The sums due may be made 
in monthly instalments 
to allow for mitigation. 

In addition, any sums 
otherwise due under the rules 
of any bonus or cash incentive 
plan in respect of the bonus 
year in which the termination 
date falls or in any subsequent 
year are only payable 
to the extent that they would 
otherwise exceed £148k. 

Mitigation 

Treatment of annual bonus 
on termination or change 
of control under plan rules 

Treatment of long-term 
incentive awards 
on termination or change 
of control under plan rules 

Except in the case of the 
Group Chief Executive, 
executive directors’ service 
contracts expressly provide 
for mitigation on termination 
by allowing for payment 
in instalments over the 
balance of the notice period. 

No payment is to be made 
unless the executive 
is employed on the date 
of bonus payment except 
for ‘good leavers’ as defined 
in the plan rules (e.g. death, 
ill health, retirement) and 
other circumstances at the 
Committee’s discretion. 

If there is a change of control 
event, then an early payment 
can be calculated and made. 

All awards lapse except for 
‘good leavers’ as defined 
in the plan rules (e.g. death, 
ill health, retirement) 
and other reasons at the 
discretion of the Committee. 

If there is a change of control 
event, then an early payment 
can be made at the discretion 
of the Committee. 

The Committee will take 
account of the circumstances 
of the termination and the 
director’s performance 
during the period 
of qualifying service 
to determine whether 
the exercise of any discretion 
is appropriate. 

Good leavers are entitled 
to a bonus payment subject 
to the achievement of bonus 
criteria which is pro-rated 
down to reflect their service 
during the performance 
year unless the Committee 
determines that a higher 
amount is justified. A similar 
provision would apply if there 
were a change of control 
event. Bonus payments 
for good leavers are subject 
to deferral, malus 
and clawback. 

For good leavers, vesting 
is determined based on the 
application of the performance 
conditions and any award 
is then pro-rated down based 
on the proportion of the 
36-month performance period 
that the employee has served 
since the grant date unless the 
Committee determines that 
a higher amount is justified. 
A similar provision would 
apply if there were a change 
of control event. For good 
leavers grants vest on the 
original anniversary date. 

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Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

154 

155 

Service contracts and policy on payment 
for loss of office continued 

Standard provision 

Policy 

Details 

Exercise of discretion 

Discretion is intended 
to be relied upon only 
in certain circumstances 
as set out on page 153. 

The Committee’s 
determination will take into 
account the circumstances 
of the executive director’s 
departure and the recent 
performance of the Group 
when using discretion 
in relation to short- or 
long-term bonus payments. 

NED fees policy 

How the element supports 
the Group’s strategic 
objectives 

To attract NEDs who have 
a range of experience 
and skills to oversee 
the implementation 
of the Group’s Strategy. 

Other matters 

Non-Executive Directors 

The Group’s policy 
is to honour commitments 
made under contractual 
arrangements that may 
have been entered into with 
an employee prior to them 
becoming a director. 

There are no other provisions 
for termination payments 
or payments  for loss 
of office in standard directors’ 
service contracts. 

Each NED is appointed for 
an initial three year term and 
is subject to election by the 
shareholder at the first AGM 
following their appointment. 
In addition, the Board has 
agreed that all directors 
(including NEDs) will be 
subject to annual re-election 
by the shareholder 
at each AGM. 

NEDs are entitled to receive 
a pro-rata proportion of their 
fees that they have accrued 
up to the date of termination 
of their contract. 

. 

Operation of the element 

Maximum potential value 
and payment at threshold 

Performance measures used, 
weighting and time period 
applicable 

Current fee levels are 
shown in the section on 
implementation of policy. 

NEDs are not eligible 
to participate in any 
performance-related 
arrangements. 

NEDs’ fees, including the 
Committee Chairman’s fees, 
are approved by the Board 
and at a general meeting, 
following recommendation 
by the Chairman and 
executive directors. 

NEDs take no part in the 
discussion relating to their 
own fees. The Chairman’s and 
the SID’s fees are considered 
and approved by the Board 
in the absence of the 
Chairman and SID. 

Fees are typically paid in 12 
equal monthly instalments 
during the year. Fees are 
normally reviewed every two 
years against those for NEDs 
in companies of a similar 
scale and complexity. 

NEDs do not participate 
in incentive or pension plans. 

Non-Executive Directors 
and the Chairman shall 
be entitled to have 
reimbursed all expenses 
(such as their travel to Board 
meetings), and any associated 
tax, that they reasonably 
incur in the performance 
of their duties. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

156 

157 

Consideration of employment 
conditions elsewhere in the Group 
The remuneration of employees across 
the Group is a key consideration when 
setting remuneration policy and outcomes 
for executive directors. The Committee 
is mindful of the importance of aligning 
executive and wider employee pay and 
conditions and takes internal and external 
measures, including internal pay relativities, 
into account when considering remuneration 
policy and outcomes for executive directors. 
As part of its work, the Committee has 
oversight of pay, incentive arrangements 
and conditions applicable to employees and 
oversees the incentive plans and material 
changes to employee pay and conditions 
across the Group’s businesses. 

Annual Report 
on Remuneration 
This section of the Directors’ Remuneration 
Report sets out how the above 
Remuneration Policy was implemented 
in 2020 and the resulting payments each 
executive director received. The financial 
information contained in this report has 
been audited where indicated. 

Single total figure of remuneration 
for Executive Directors (audited) 
The table on the following page shows 
a single total figure of remuneration received 
in respect of qualifying services for the 2020 
financial year for each executive director, 
together with comparative figures for 2019. 

The Group consults with its recognised 
Union, Unite, regarding remuneration for 
employees within relevant UK businesses. 
Additionally, employees can provide 
feedback via the Group’s employee 
engagement survey and to their managers 
or HR. The Group HR Director attends 
the Committee meetings and advises the 
Committee on HR strategy, including the 
effectiveness of the Group’s remuneration 
policies and how they are viewed 
by employees. 

Consideration of shareholder views 
The Committee, through the Board, consults 
with the shareholder on any changes to this 
policy in order to understand expectations 
with regard to executive directors’ 
remuneration and any changes in the 
shareholder’s views. The Committee 
consults with the shareholder in respect 
of NED and the Chairman’s fees. 

£000 

Fixed pay 

Pension 

Salary 

Benefits1 

Pension 
benefit2 

Total fixed 
remuneration 

Fixed 

Variable pay 

Total variable 
remuneration 

Total 
remuneration 

Annual 
bonus3 

LTIP4 

Variable 

Total 

2020  2019  2020  2019  2020  2019  2020  2019  2020  2019  2020  2019  2020  2019  2020  2019 

Mark Hews 

472 

461 

 384 

375 

14 

22 

14

22 

 61 

57 

60 

556

547 

535 

214 

444 

355 

510 

569 

954 

1,116 

1,489 

 463

 452 

180 

362 

193 

292 

372 

653 

835 

1,106 

 306 

95 

13 

4

 32 

10

 351

 109 

133 

86 

0 

0 

133 

86

 484 

196

Executive 
Director 

S. Jacinta 
Whyte5

Denise 
Cockrem7

 Total 

1,162 

931 

49 

40

 150 

125

 1,361

 1,096  527 

892 

548 

802 

1,074 

1,694  2,435  2,790 

1  Benefits include car allowance and private medical insurance which are valued at their taxable value. Provision of benefits during 2020 was in line 

with the previous year and the Directors’ Remuneration Policy, and no exceptional benefits were paid. 

2  The Group Chief Executive and Group Chief Financial Officer received a cash allowance in lieu of pension, in line with Company policy that a cash allowance 
of 15% (Group Chief Executive) or 12% (Group Chief Financial Officer) of salary (net of NI contributions) can be paid to UK-based executive directors where 
pension contributions would be in excess of the HMRC annual and/or lifetime allowance. 

3  35% of the awards under the 2020 annual bonus plan are deferred for one year and are subject to the Group returning to profit in 2021. In 2020 the value 
of executive directors’ annual bonuses that were deferred is: £76k (Group Chief Executive), £64k (Deputy Group Chief Executive) and £47k (Group Chief 
Financial Officer). 

4  LTIP represents the amount payable in respect of the three-year LTIP performance period 2018-2020 for 2020 and 2017-2019 for 2019. The Group operates 

a cash LTIP scheme, therefore no part of the award was attributable to share price appreciation. All executive directors hold unvested LTIP awards 
in accordance with the rules of the LTIP plan. 

5  An average 2020 exchange rate of 1.7315 Canadian dollars to 1 GBP has been used in respect of both 2020 and 2019. 

6  Contributions to the Canadian pension plan that are above the Canadian Revenue Agency’s prescribed limit are paid into a SERP. These contributions 

for the Deputy Group Chief Executive are included in the figures shown. 

7  Denise Cockrem was appointed to the Board on 6 September 2019. Her remuneration for the period she served as a Director during 2019 is included 

in the above table. 

Mark Hews is a NED for MAPFRE RE and was appointed to their Board in December 2013. The fee of £34k (2019: £33k) 
that Mark Hews earns in respect of this role is paid directly to the Group by MAPFRE RE and is not received by Mark Hews. 

Denise Cockrem is a NED for Skipton Building Society and was appointed to their Board in September 2015. The fee that 
Denise Cockrem earns in respect of this role is paid directly to the Group by Skipton Building Society and is not received 
by Denise Cockrem. The fee earned in respect of 2020 was £52.1k, of which £49.5k was received by the Group and £2.6k 
was donated to charity (2019 for period since her appointment to the Ecclesiastical Board on 6 September 2019: £16.2k). 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

158 

159 

Additional requirements in respect 
of the single total figure table 

Annual bonus outcomes for 2020 (audited) 
The annual bonuses payable to executive 
directors in respect of 2020 are assessed 
taking into account both Group and 
individual performance. 

Individual performance is subject to delivery 
of personal performance objectives and 
performance in line with the Group’s 
behavioural competency framework for 
strategic leaders. A personal performance 
percentage of between 0% and 75% may 
be awarded in respect of this element of the 
annual bonus. The personal performance 
percentage is reviewed and agreed 
by the Committee. 

Group performance is subject to the four 
performance conditions which together 
form the Group performance multiplier. 
For 2020, these were Group COR (40%); 
Group EIG PBT (including fair value 
investment gains and losses) (30%); 
delivery of Group strategic initiatives in line 
with the Group’s strategic plan (15%); and 
Customer and Conduct performance (15%). 

Results in respect of each performance 
condition are assessed against the required 
performance levels set at threshold, target 
and maximum, in order to calculate the 
aggregate Group performance multiplier 
as shown in the table below. 

Performance targets for 2020 were not 
adjusted as a result of the impact of the 
Covid-19 pandemic and remain as originally 
determined. In light of the Group’s reported 
results and to align executive directors’ 
awards with shareholder experience and 
with wider employee awards, the Committee 
resolved that the aggregate Group 
performance multiplier determined in line 
with the targets shown in the table below 
should be reduced by a further 13%. 

The overall bonus outturn for each executive 
director is the product of the personal 
performance percentage and the aggregate 
Group performance multiplier. The maximum 
opportunity under the annual bonus plan 
is 100% of salary. 

The targets relating to the Group annual 
bonus and actual performance against those 
targets for the financial year 2020 were: 

The Strategic Targets performance condition 
measures delivery of the Group’s change 
programme. As set out in more detail 
in the Strategic Report on pages 40 to 44, 
the Group adapted its strategy in mid-2020, 
including formalising its response 
to Covid-19. It has continued to deliver 
across a wide front through its strategic 
change programme, delivering investment 
in the Group’s people, systems, technologies 
and brand, and strengthening 
its commitment and approach to climate 
change through its ‘Greater Good’ initiative. 
In addition, 2020 saw significant delivery 
in response to Covid-19, supporting the 
Group’s customers including through the 
launch of Fundraising Hubs, supporting 
those in need through ‘Acts of Kindness’, 
and supporting colleagues through the 
‘Supported Teams’ initiative, ensuring 
the safety and wellbeing of colleagues 
throughout the pandemic and establishing 
of new ways of working for the future. 
Overall in 2020, substantial progress was 
made on the Group’s change programme, 
resulting in an outturn of 94.9% being 
achieved against the strategic targets 
measure for 2020. 

In line with the Group’s commitment 
to delivering exceptional customer service 
and the highest standards of conduct, 
the Customer and Conduct performance 
condition measures delivery across a range 
of customer and conduct metrics. It was 
pleasing to note that despite the challenges 
of Covid-19, 98% of surveyed customers 
were satisfied with how the Group handled 
their claim in 2020, with a net promoter 
score of 84%. The Group delivered 
an outturn of 96.0% against the customer 
and conduct metrics for 2020, a result which 
is in line with prior years and which reflects 
the Group’s strong customer and conduct 
culture and effective systems of control, 
even in the face of the challenges presented 
by Covid-19. Targets in respect of compliance 
with the Group’s risk appetite; regulatory 
feedback; the Group’s rolling programme 
of product reviews; complaints handling; 
data security; and timely resolution 
of internal audit and compliance findings 
were met in full. Reflecting the challenges 
of Covid-19, customer satisfaction and claims 
service outturns for some business units 
were slightly below target. 

Performance  Weighting 
Condition 

Threshold 
(0.5x) 

Target 
(1.0x) 

92.1% 

£38.9m 

75% 

Maximum 
(1.5x) 

Actual 
Weighted 
performance  multiplier 

89.5% 

£71.0m 

100% 

95.1% 

£(17.7)m 

94.9% 

0.31 

-

0.21 

98.6% 

£10.9m 

50% 

Group COR 

40% 

Group EIG PBT1  30% 

Strategic 
Targets 

Customer 
and Conduct 

15% 

15% 

85% 

90% 

100% 

96.0% 

0.20 

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Aggregate Group performance multiplier (before discretion) 

Aggregate Group performance multiplier (after discretion) 

0.71 

0.62 

1 

Audited to EIO Group level 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

160 

161 

Personal performance 
Personal performance was assessed taking into consideration delivery against the Group’s 
business plans for 2020, personal objectives and performance in line with the Group’s 
behavioural competency framework for strategic leaders. The table below provides 
an overview of the personal performance achieved by each executive director based 
on their objectives. 

The Covid-19 pandemic commenced after objectives had been set for 2020. The assessment 
of personal performance for 2020 takes account of the additional activity necessary for the 
business to successfully navigate this global challenge in addition to delivering strategic goals 
and objectives. 

Mark Hews 

S. Jacinta Whyte 

Denise Cockrem 

Provided exceptional leadership across the Group throughout what 
has been a very challenging year. Whilst overall financial performance 
was adversely impacted by Covid-19, underlying business performance 
was strong and the Group remains financially resilient going into 2021. 
Strong leadership through Covid-19 ensured the Group continued 
to deliver for customers, the health and wellbeing of employees 
was prioritised with employee engagement remaining high, and 
the Group’s charitable purpose was maintained through its support 
for charities and communities. Specific achievements included the 
development and launch of an adapted strategy, guiding the Group 
through the IICSA inquiry and FCA court case relating to business 
interruption, formalising the Group’s response to Covid-19 and laying 
strong foundations for delivery of the Group’s ambitions for the future, 
together with continued delivery of the existing strategic change 
programme including major investment in core business technology 
platforms, brand and acquisitions. 

Provided energetic and disciplined leadership across the Group’s 
general insurance portfolio of businesses. Played a central leadership 
role in the Group’s Covid-19 response ensuring that the Group’s 
general insurance businesses continued to provide market leading 
products and services as well as driving continuous improvement 
across the core disciplines of underwriting, claims management, 
risk management and business development. Strengthened the 
leadership of the Group’s businesses in Canada and the UK enabling 
them to continue to outperform in a competitive market. 

Maintained the financial strength of the Group and made a significant 
contribution across the Group which has been central to the delivery 
of the business plan. During 2020, assumed responsibility for Risk, 
Compliance and Audit and has taken action to strengthen the Group’s 
assurance teams as well as to raise the profile of the Group’s risk and 
control environment. Chaired the Group’s Crisis Management Team 
throughout the year, providing calm and steady leadership of the 
Group’s response to the global pandemic. 

Bonuses are earned in respect of the financial year and are paid in March following 
the end of the financial year. Under the plan rules, any proportion of a bonus outcome above 
75% of the maximum bonus outcome is deferred over three years, in cash and all annual 
bonus outcomes are subject to malus and clawback as set out on page 148. Additionally, 
the Committee resolved that 35% of the awards under the annual bonus plan for 2020 
are to be deferred for one year and are subject to the Group returning to profit in 2021. 

LTIP outcomes in 2020 (audited) 
The LTIP amount included in the single total figure of remuneration is the cash award 
resulting from the Group LTIP grant for the period 2018-2020. Vesting was dependent 
on performance over the three financial years ending on 31 December 2020 and continued 
service until March 2021. 

The 2018-2020 Group LTIP is subject to the five performance conditions: Group COR (25%); 
Group EIG PBT (excluding fair value investment gains and losses) (25%); Group EIG PBT 
(including fair value investment gains and losses) (25%); delivery of Group strategic initiatives 
in line with the Group’s strategic plan (15%); and Customer and Conduct performance 
(10%). Results in respect of each performance condition are assessed against the required 
performance levels set at threshold, target and maximum as shown below. Performance 
targets were not adjusted in light of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and remain 
as originally determined. 

Performance 
condition 

Threshold – 
20% vesting 

Target – 
50% vesting 

Maximum – 
100% vesting 

Actual 

Group COR 

96.9% 

93.9% 

90.9% 

91.1% 

£80.8m 

£110.4m 

£140.7m 

£94.8m 

Vesting 
(% of maximum 
for performance 
condition) 

97% 

34% 

Group PBT 
(excluding fair 
value investment 
gains and losses)1 

Group PBT 
(including fair 
value investment 
gains and losses)1 

Strategic Targets 

Customer and 
Conduct 

Total 

£70.8m 

£115.4m 

£172.7m 

£68.6m 

-

50% 

80% 

75% 

90% 

100% 

100% 

92.4% 

96.7% 

85% 

83% 

53.8% 

1  Audited to EIO Group level 

The Strategic Targets performance condition measures delivery of the Group’s change 
programme over the period 2018–2020. Considerable progress has been made by the Group 
towards its target of delivering more than £100m to charity: the total now stands at over 
£99m. Key achievements over the period include the implementation of enhanced systems 
and technology across the Group’s businesses, welcoming new brokers into the Group’s 
expanding broking business, investment in people and expertise, and delivery of the Group’s 
Covid-19 response. A minority of programmes remain to be fully delivered, including the new 
strategic General Insurance system for UK and Ireland. Overall, substantial progress has been 
made on the Group’s change programme, resulting in an outturn of 92.4% being achieved 
against the strategic targets measure for 2018-2020. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

162 

163 

The Customer and Conduct performance condition measures delivery against the Group’s 
customer and conduct metrics. Targets in respect of compliance with the Group’s risk 
appetite; regulatory feedback; complaints handling; data security; and timely resolution 
of internal audit and compliance findings were met in full throughout the period. Reflecting 
the challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic, customer satisfaction and claims service outturns 
for some business units were slightly below target in 2020, having been met in full in prior 
years. Targets relating to the Group’s rolling programme of product reviews was met in full 
in 2020 and with some business units reporting below target outturns in prior years. 
An overall outturn of 96.7% was achieved. 

Combining the financial and non-financial performance results in an overall vesting level 
of 53.8%. 

The Group LTIP outcome that vests in respect of each executive director in respect 
of 2018-2020 is shown below. 

Mark Hews 

S. Jacinta Whyte1 

Ian Campbell2 

LTIP grant 

% of salary 

150% 

100% 

100% 

Total LTIP vesting 

% of maximum 

53.8% 

53.8% 

0% 

£000 

355 

193 

0 

1  An average 2020 exchange rate of 1.7315 Canadian dollars to 1 GBP has been used in respect of 2020. 

2  Ian Campbell resigned from the Board on 31 August 2018. 

Scheme interests awarded during 2020 (audited) 
During 2020, awards comprising of a cash sum were granted under the 2020-2022 Group 
LTIP to each executive director as set out below. These awards will vest, and the cash sum 
will be transferred to the award holder, in March 2023, to the extent that the applicable 
performance targets are met. The vesting date for these awards is the date on which 
the Group’s 2022 results are announced, anticipated to be during March 2023. 

Executive 
director 

Award  Maximum 
cash sum 
date 
subject to 
the award 
(% base 
salary) 

Face value 
of award 
at grant 
£000s 

Cash award 
if threshold 
performance 
achieved 
(% base 
salary) 

End of the 
period over 
which the 
performance 
targets have 
to be fulfilled 

Performance 
measures1 

2020-2022 Group LTIP 

Mark Hews 

8 Jul 
2020 

150% 

695 

20% 

31 December 
2022 

S. Jacinta 
Whyte2 

8 Jul 
2020 

100% 

377 

20% 

31 December 
2022 

Denise 
Cockrem 

8 Jul 
2020 

100% 

300 

20% 

31 December 
2022 

•  Group COR 

25% 
•  Group 

EIG PBT 
(excluding 
fair value 
investment
gains/losses) 
25% 
•  Group 

EIG PBT 
(including 
fair value 
investment 
gains/losses) 
25% 

•  Strategic 

targets 15% 
•  Customers 

and conduct 
targets 10% 

1  Vesting occurs on a straight line basis between pre-determined milestones set in relation to threshold, target 

and maximum performance. These will be disclosed on a retrospective basis in the Directors’ Remuneration Report 
for the year for which the Group LTIP awards vest. 

2  An average 2020 exchange rate of 1.7315 Canadian dollars to 1 GBP has been used. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

164 

165 

The information provided in this part of the Annual Report on Remuneration is not subject to audit 

Chief Executive pay ratio 
The Group structure means that it does not have to comply with the regulations governing 
the disclosure of executive remuneration to which quoted companies are subject. The Group 
has nonetheless chosen to disclose the ratio of the Group Chief Executive’s pay to that 
of other UK employees1 in the Group in order to provide greater transparency. 

Year 

Method 

25th percentile 
pay ratio 

Median pay ratio 

2020 

Option A 2 

2019 

Option A 2 

30:1 

40:1 

23:1 

29:1 

75th percentile 
pay ratio 

16:1 

21:1 

The total remuneration and salary values for the 25th, median and 75th percentile employees 
for 2020 were: 

25th percentile 

Median 

75th percentile 

Total remuneration3 

Salary 

£37,296 

£30,486 

£49,317 

£41,612 

£67,952 

£55,215 

1  The table sets out the ratio between the Group Chief Executive’s total remuneration and that of the 25th percentile, 

median and 75th percentile UK-based employees of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc (excluding SEIB), which 
constitute the large majority of the UK employee population. The Committee is satisfied that the individuals 
identified appropriately reflect the employee remuneration profile at the lower, median and upper quartile and that 
the overall picture presented by the ratios is consistent with the Group’s wider policies pay, reward and progression 
policies for the Group’s UK-based employees. 

2  The calculation is based on Option A as set out in the regulations for listed companies, as this is considered to be 

the most accurate way of identifying employees at the 25th percentile, median and 75th percentile. 

3  Total remuneration reflects all remuneration received by the individual in the relevant year, including base salary, 

benefits, pension, annual bonus and, where relevant, the long-term incentive that vests, but excludes taxable 
company car benefits and taxable travel and accommodation expenses for administrative reasons. Calculations 
have been carried out on a full-time equivalent basis as at 31 December 2020. 

The Group Chief Executive was paid 23 times the median employee in 2020, reduced from 
29:1 in 2019. 2020 awards under the Group’s annual bonus schemes and long-term incentive 
plans were materially reduced in comparison to the prior year in line with 2020 performance. 
The Group Chief Executive has a larger proportion of total remuneration linked to performance 
than is the case for the wider UK employee population, and hence total remuneration for the 
Group Chief Executive was impacted to a greater extent by the reduction in awards in respect 
of 2020. 

Percentage change in remuneration of all Directors and UK-based employees 
The table below shows the percentage year-on-year change in salary, benefits and annual 
bonus (from 2019 to 2020) for the Board Directors compared with UK-based employees1. 
The Committee has selected this comparator group as being the most appropriate because 
the composition and structure of remuneration for this group most closely reflects that 
of the Board. 

Executive Directors 

Mark Hews 

Jacinta Whyte 

Denise Cockrem3 

UK-based employees 

Salary 

Taxable benefits2 

Annual bonus 

2.5% 

2.5% 

220.9% 

0.2% 

-0.2% 

215.1% 

-52.0% 

-50.3% 

55.0% 

Average UK-based employees1 

4.2% 

2.0% 

-53.4% 

1  UK-based employees of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc; excluding employees in SEIB; matched sample basis. 

2  Based on contractual P11D taxable benefits for the tax year ending 5 April in the relevant year. Taxable benefits 

include car allowance and private medical insurance for executive directors and private medical insurance 
for UK-based employees (taxable company car benefits and taxable travel and accommodation expenses 
are excluded for administrative reasons). 

3  Denise Cockrem was appointed to the Board on 6 September 2019. Her remuneration for the period she served 
as a director during 2019 only is included in comparator figure for 2019. The underlying annualised movement 
in remuneration as a director was 2.5% in respect of salary, 0.1% in respect of taxable benefits and -50.8% 
in respect of annual bonus. 

4  The fee paid to the Chairman was increased by 9.4% and the basic fee for NEDs was increased by 4.8% effective 

1 January 2020. 

Relative importance of spend on pay 
The table below sets out for 2020 and 2019, the actual costs of employee remuneration; 
grants paid to Allchurches Trust Limited; and dividends paid to Preference shareholders. 
PBT in each year is provided for context. The changes are labelled in the chart below. 

(£000) 

2020 

Remuneration paid to all Group employees 

86,840 

Gross charitable grants to the ultimate 
parent company, Allchurches Trust Limited 

Nil 

2019 

88,137 

30,000 

% change 

-1%1 

-100% 

Non-Cumulative Irredeemable Preference 
share dividend 

9,181 

9,181 

Nil 

(Loss)/profit before tax2 

-15,746 

73,263 

-121% 

1  In light of the Group’s reported results, total variable remuneration is significantly reduced compared to 2019, 
as set out on page 165. This is offset by the increase in number of employees and salary inflation. See note 13 
to the financial statements on page 223. 

2  Ecclesiastical Insurance Office (EIO) Group. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

166 

167 

Mark Hews3  N/A  N/A 

4% 

60%  70%  88%  75%  88%  86%  54% 

Non-Executive Directors 

Total 
remuneration 
(single figure) 
£000 

Annual bonus 
received 
(% of 
maximum) 

Long-term 
incentive 
vesting (% 
of maximum) 

Group Chief Executive pay for performance comparison 
The table below shows the single figure of total remuneration for the incumbent, Mark Hews, 
and prior Group Chief Executive, Michael Tripp, for the ten years to 31 December 2020. 

Financial 
year 

Group Chief 
Executive1 

Financial year ending 31 December 

2011  2012  2013  2014  2015  2016  2017  2018  2019  2020 

Mark Hews 

N/A  N/A 

569 

907 

1,089  1,370 

1,212 

1,240  1,489 

1,116 

Michael 
Tripp 

416 

390 

330 

162  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A 

Mark Hews 

N/A  N/A 

45% 

78%  88%  97%  99%  84%  96%  45% 

Michael 
Tripp2 

0% 

0%  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A 

Michael 
Tripp4 

34% 

0% 

4% 

47%  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A 

1  Michael Tripp resigned from the Board on 21 May 2013 and Mark Hews was appointed Group Chief Executive 

on 1 May 2013, having previously held the position of Group Chief Financial Officer. The total remuneration single 
figure value for both Michael Tripp and Mark Hews is shown for 2013. 

2  Michael Tripp received no payment under the annual bonus or the executive director’s LTIP for performance 

in 2013. He did, however, receive a payment (£100k) under the terms of a discretionary arrangement put in place 
to incentivise the delivery of a smooth transition of the management to the successor in the role of Group Chief 
Executive. The maximum opportunity was capped at three months’ salary. 

3  The LTIP vesting relevant to Mark Hews represents the amount vesting in respect of the three-year 

LTIP performance period 2012-2014 for 2014; 2013-2015 for 2015 and 2014-2016 for 2016, together with the 
amounts vesting in respect of the Group Chief Executive’s three-year incentive plan in 2014, 2015 and 2016 
respectively. The Group Chief Executive’s three-year incentive plan concluded at the end of 2016. LTIP vesting 
in 2017 and subsequent years represent the amounts vesting in respect of the relevant three-year LTIP 
performance period only. 

4  Michael Tripp received a 2013 LTIP payment in respect of performance in the years 2011 and 2012 (only) 

under the 2011-2013 LTIP. He received a 2014 LTIP payment in respect of performance in 2012 (only) under 
the 2012-2014 LTIP. 

Statement of directors’ shareholdings and share interests 
Directors’ shareholdings and share interests are set out in the Directors’ Report on page 98. 
Due to the Group’s ownership structure, in particular that its ultimate parent company 
is a charity, it is not possible to deliver variable remuneration in the form of shares. 
Directors’ shareholdings are not subject to post-employment shareholding requirements. 

Directors’ service agreements 
Mark Hews has a service contract which provides for a notice period of 12 months 
by the Company. S. Jacinta Whyte and Denise Cockrem have service contracts which provides 
for a notice period of 6 months by the Company. No NED has a service contract. 

Payments for loss of office (audited) 
No termination payments were made to executive directors in 2020. 

Early vesting of LTIP award 
There is no early vesting of the executive directors’ LTIP. 

Single total figure of remuneration for NEDs (audited) 
NEDs do not participate in any of the Group’s incentive arrangements. 

The Board believes that it is appropriate that the level of fees paid to NEDs should reflect 
equivalent fees paid by organisations of similar size and complexity whilst being mindful that 
the Group is owned by a charity. This will enable the Group to attract NEDs of the calibre 
required to help the Group to implement its future strategy. 

NED fees were last reviewed by the Board in November 2019 with increased fees becoming 
effective from 1 January 2020. The fees set out below are commensurate with the demands 
and responsibilities of the NED roles. 

David Henderson2 

Chris Moulder3

Andrew McIntyre4

Caroline Taylor5

Angus Winther6

Francois-Xavier Boisseau7

Neil Maidment8

Sir Stephen Lamport9

The Very Revd Christine Wilson10

Tim Carroll11

John Hylands12

Total 

Fees 

Taxable Benefits1 

2020 

145,000 

 74,772

 68,000

 68,000

 66,000

 55,000

 54,402

 42,708

 26,485

 -

 -

2019 

118,327 

 64,500 

 64,500 

 58,777 

 41,192 

 41,192 

 -

 -

 65,000 

62,500 

28,708 

2020 

987 

5 

4 

2,869 

144 

263 

6 

159 

1,467 

-

-

2019 

1,120 

1,615 

19 

4,615 

-

94 

-

-

4,777 

1,284 

9,411 

600,637 

544,969 

5,904 

22,935 

1  Benefits are travel and accommodation expenses only, valued at their grossed up tax and NI value, in accordance 

with Group’s travel and expenses policy. 

2  David Henderson was appointed as Chairman on 19 March 2019. Prior to this David Henderson was Chairman of the 
Group Remuneration Committee and a NED of EdenTree Investment Management Limited (EIM). David Henderson 
waived his fee as Chairman of the Group Remuneration Committee and received an additional fee of £3k in 2019 
for his services as a NED of EIM. 

3  Chris Moulder was appointed as the SID on 14 January 2020 and a NED on 27 September 2017. He became 

Chairman of the Group Nominations Committee on 7 January 2020 and Chairman of the Group Risk Committee 
on 1 June 2018. 

4  Andrew McIntyre was appointed as a NED and Chairman of the Group Audit Committee on 4 April 2017. 

5  Caroline Taylor was appointed as Chairman of the Group Remuneration Committee on 21 June 2019. 

6  Angus Winther was appointed as a NED on 19 March 2019 and Chairman of the Group Finance and Investment 

Committee on 1 January 2020. 

7  Francois-Xavier Boisseau was appointed as a NED on 19 March 2019. 

8  Neil Maidment was appointed as a NED on 6 January 2020. 

9  Sir Stephen Lamport was appointed as a NED on 23 March 2020. 

10  The Very Revd Christine Wilson retired from the Board on 18 June 2020. Christine Wilson chose to donate her fee 

to charity in 2019 and 2020. 

11  Tim Carroll retired from the Board on 31 December 2019. 

12  John Hylands retired as Chairman of the Group and from the Board on 19 March 2019. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

168 

169 

The information provided in this part of the Annual Report on Remuneration is not subject to audit 

EdenTree 
EdenTree has been subject to the FCA Remuneration Code since 1 January 2011. 
EdenTree operates a remuneration policy which is compliant with the Remuneration Code, 
details of which can be found in the EdenTree Pillar 3 statement on EdenTree’s website 
(www.edentreeim.com). 

Statement of implementation of Remuneration Policy in 2021 
The implementation of the remuneration policy will be consistent with that outlined in the 
Directors’ Remuneration Policy above. Details of how this policy will apply in 2021 are set 
out below. 

Salary (Executive Directors) 
Executive directors’ salaries are reviewed annually in line with the Directors’ Remuneration 
Policy. In light of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, the Committee has determined that 
there will be no pay increases for directors or senior employees across the Group in 2021 
and as such the following salaries will apply from 1 April 2021: 

(£000) 

Salary 

Salary 

Mark Hews 

S. Jacinta Whyte1 

Denise Cockrem 

1 April 2021 

1 April 2020 

475 

386 

308 

475 

386 

308 

1 

An average 2020 exchange rate of 1.7315 Canadian dollars to 1 GBP has been used. 

Percentage 
increase 

0% 

0% 

0% 

Annual bonus for 2021 
The annual bonus performance conditions and targets have been set in accordance 
with the Directors’ Remuneration Policy above. 

The annual bonuses payable to executive directors in respect of 2021 will be assessed 
based on both Group and individual performance. Individual performance is subject 
to delivery of personal performance objectives and performance in line with the Group’s 
behavioural competency framework for strategic leaders. Group performance is subject 
to five performance conditions which together form the Group performance multiplier. 
For 2021, these will be as follows: 

Group performance measures 

Percentage weighting 

Group EIG PBT (including fair value investment gains and losses) 

Group COR 

Underwriting balanced scorecard 

Delivery of Group strategic initiatives in line with the Group’s strategic plan 

Customer and Conduct performance 

40% 

20% 

10% 

15% 

15% 

The overall bonus outturn for each executive director is the product of personal performance 
percentage and the aggregate Group performance multiplier. The maximum opportunity 
under the annual bonus plan in 2021 is unchanged at 100% of salary. Annual bonuses 
in respect of 2021 will be subject to deferral, over a period of three years, of any bonus earned 
in excess of 75% of an executive director’s maximum bonus opportunity. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance – Group Remuneration Report 

170 

171 

LTIP for 2021-2023 
The 2021-2023 LTIP performance conditions and targets have been set in accordance with 
the Directors’ Remuneration Policy above. The 2021-2023 Group LTIP will be subject to the 
following performance conditions: 

Group performance measures 

Percentage weighting 

Group EIG PBT (including fair value investment gains and losses) 

Group EIG PBT (excluding fair value investment gains and losses) 

Group COR 

Delivery of Group strategic initiatives in line with the Group’s strategic plan 

Customer and Conduct performance 

40% 

20% 

15% 

15% 

10% 

Awards under the 2021-2023 Group LTIP will be up to 150% of salary in the case of the Group 
Chief Executive and up to 100% of salary in the case of the Deputy Group Chief Executive and 
Group Chief Financial Officer. 

Fees (Non-Executive Directors) 
The following fee structure will apply from 1 January 2021: 

All-inclusive fee for the Group Chairman 

All-inclusive fee for the Senior Independent Director 

Basic fee for a NED (including Committee Membership) 

Fee for chairing the Group Audit Committee 

Fee for chairing the Group Remuneration Committee 

Fee for chairing the Group Risk Committee 

Fee for chairing the Group Finance and Investment Committee 

Fee for chairing the Group Nominations Committee1 

Fees (£000) 

145 

75 

55 

13 

13 

13 

11 

11 

1 

The fee for chairing the Group Nominations Committee is included within the all-inclusive fee for the 
Senior Independent Director for 2021. 

By order of the board 

Caroline Taylor 
Chair of the Group Remuneration Committee 
18 March 2021 

‘The Committee 
reviewed the Group’s 
Remuneration Policy 
and determined that 
it remains effective 
and continues to drive 
the sustained and 
long-term performance 
of the Group.’ 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section Three 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
172 

Section Four 

Financial Statements 

Independent auditors  report to the members of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc 

’

Financial Statements 

173 

174 

186 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section Four 

Independent auditors’ report to the members of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc 

174 

175 

Independent auditors’ report to the members 
of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc 

Separate opinion in relation 
to international financial reporting 
standards adopted pursuant 
to Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002 
as it applies in the European Union 

As explained in note 1 to the group financial 
statements, the group, in addition 
to applying international accounting 
standards in conformity with the 
requirements of the Companies Act 2006, 
has also applied international financial 
reporting standards adopted pursuant 
to Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002 
as it applies in the European Union. 

In our opinion, the group financial 
statements have been properly prepared 
in accordance with international financial 
reporting standards adopted pursuant 
to Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002 
as it applies in the European Union. 

Basis for opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance 
with International Standards on Auditing 
(UK) (“ISAs (UK)”) and applicable law. 
Our responsibilities under ISAs (UK) 
are further described in the Auditors’ 
responsibilities for the audit of the financial 
statements section of our report. We believe 
that the audit evidence we have obtained 
is sufficient and appropriate to provide 
a basis for our opinion. 

Report on the audit of the 
financial statements 
Opinion 
In our opinion, Ecclesiastical Insurance 
Office plc’s group financial statements 
and company financial statements 
(the “financial statements”): 

• give a true and fair view of the state of the 

group’s and of the company’s affairs 
as at 31 December 2020 and of the group’s 
loss and the group’s and company’s cash 
flows for the year then ended; 

• have been properly prepared 

in accordance with international 
accounting standards in conformity 
with the requirements of the Companies 
Act 2006; and 

• have been prepared in accordance with the 
requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

We have audited the financial statements, 
included within the Annual Report and 
Accounts (the “Annual Report”), which 
comprise: Consolidated and parent 
statements of financial position 
as at 31 December 2020; consolidated 
statement of profit or loss, consolidated 
and parent statements of comprehensive 
income, consolidated and parent statements 
of cash flows and consolidated and parent 
statements of changes in equity for the year 
then ended; and the notes to the financial 
statements, which include a description 
of the significant accounting policies. 

Our opinion is consistent with our reporting 
to the Group Audit Committee. 

Independence 
We remained independent of the group 
in accordance with the ethical requirements 
that are relevant to our audit of the financial 
statements in the UK, which includes the 
FRC’s Ethical Standard, as applicable 
to listed public interest entities, and we 
have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities 
in accordance with these requirements. 
To the best of our knowledge and belief, 
we declare that non-audit services prohibited 
by the FRC’s Ethical Standard were not 
provided to the group headed by Allchurches 
Trust Limited, of which the company 
is a member. 

Other than those disclosed in note 12 to 
the financial statements, we have provided 
no non-audit services to the parent and its 
controlled undertakings in the period 
under audit. 

Our audit approach 
Context 
The company is a UK headquartered general 
insurer. The majority of business is written 
in the UK however it does also have branches 
in Ireland and Canada and subsidiaries 
in Australia. The group of which it is the 
parent also includes insurance broking, 
life insurance, investment management 
and financial advisory subsidiaries. 

Overview 
Audit scope 
• We have scoped the audit based on the 
financially significant components and 
material account balances within the group, 
which are described below 

Key audit matters 
• Assumptions and methodology used 

in calculating asbestos, business 
interruption and Physical and Sexual Abuse 
“PSA” reserves and the completeness of 
reserves in respect of business interruption 
claims (group and company) 

• Valuation of investment property and 
unlisted equity (group and company) 
• Impact of Covid-19 (group and company) 

Materiality 
• Overall group materiality: £10,000,000 

based on 1.8% of Net assets. 

• Overall company materiality: £9,500,000 

based on 2.0% of Net assets. 

• Performance materiality: £7,500,000 
(group) and £7,125,000 (company). 

The scope of our audit 
As part of designing our audit, we determined 
materiality and assessed the risks of material 
misstatement in the financial statements. 

Capability of the audit in detecting 
irregularities, including fraud 
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances 
of non-compliance with laws and regulations. 
We design procedures in line with our 
responsibilities, outlined in the Auditors’ 
responsibilities for the audit of the 
financial statements section, to detect 
material misstatements in respect 
of irregularities, including fraud. The extent 
to which our procedures are capable 
of detecting irregularities, including fraud, 
is detailed below. 

Based on our understanding of the group and 
industry, we identified that the principal risks 
of non-compliance with laws and regulations 
related to breaches of UK, Canadian and 
Australian regulatory principles, such 
as those governed by the Prudential 
Regulation Authority (UK), the Financial 
Conduct Authority (UK), Office of the 
Superintendent of Financial Institutions 
(Canada) and the Australian Prudential 
Regulation Authority, and we considered the 
extent to which non-compliance might have 
a material effect on the financial statements. 

We also considered those laws and 
regulations that have a direct impact on the 
preparation of the financial statements such 
as the Companies Act 2006. We evaluated 
management’s incentives and opportunities 
for fraudulent manipulation of the financial 
statements (including the risk of override 
of controls), and determined that the principal 
risks were related to posting inappropriate 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section Four 

Independent auditors’ report to the members of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc 

176 

177 

There are inherent limitations in the audit 
procedures described above. We are less 
likely to become aware of instances 
of non-compliance with laws and 
regulations that are not closely related 
to events and transactions reflected 
in the financial statements. Also, the risk 
of not detecting a material misstatement 
due to fraud is higher than the risk of not 
detecting one resulting from error, 
as fraud may involve deliberate 
concealment by, for example, forgery 
or intentional misrepresentations, 
or through collusion. 

Key audit matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, 
in the auditors’ professional judgement, 
were of most significance in the audit of the 
financial statements of the current period 
and include the most significant assessed 
risks of material misstatement (whether 
or not due to fraud) identified by the 
auditors, including those which had the 
greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy; 
the allocation of resources in the audit; 
and directing the efforts of the engagement 
team. These matters, and any comments 
we make on the results of our procedures 
thereon, were addressed in the context 
of our audit of the financial statements 
as a whole, and in forming our opinion 
thereon, and we do not provide a separate 
opinion on these matters. 

This is not a complete list of all risks 
identified by our audit. 

journal entries to revenue or expenditure 
and management bias in accounting 
estimates specifically investments with 
a judgemental valuation, being investment 
property and unlisted equity investments, 
and the valuation of specific general 
insurance reserves such as UK loss of profits, 
asbestos and Physical and Sexual Abuse 
(“PSA”) reserves (see Key Audit Matters). 
The group engagement team shared this risk 
assessment with the component auditors 
so that they could include appropriate audit 
procedures in response to such risks in their 
work. Audit procedures performed by the 
group engagement team and/or component 
auditors included: 

• Enquiries of compliance, risk, internal audit, 
and the Group’s legal function, including 
consideration of known or suspected 
instances of non-compliance with laws 
and regulation and fraud; 

• Reading key correspondence with 

the Prudential Regulation Authority, 
the Financial Conduct Authority, Office 
of the Superintendent of Financial 
Institutions and the Australian Prudential 
Regulation Authority in relation 
to compliance with laws and regulations; 

• Reviewing relevant meeting minutes 
including those of the Group Board, 
Group Audit Committee and Group 
Risk Committee; 

• Procedures relating to the valuation 

of investment property and unlisted equity 
investments, and the valuation of specific 
general insurance reserves such as UK 
loss of profits, asbestos and PSA reserves 
described in the related key audit 
matters below; 

• Identifying and testing journal entries, 
in particular any journal entries posted 
with unusual account combinations in 
revenue or expenditure; and. 

• Designing audit procedures to incorporate 
unpredictability around the nature, timing 
or extent of our testing. 

Key audit matter 

Assumptions and methodology used in calculating 
asbestos, business interruption and Physical and 
Sexual Abuse “PSA” reserves and the completeness 
of reserves in respect of business interruption claims 
(group and company) 

As disclosed in the Group Audit Committee Report 
and notes 2, 3 and 28. 

The valuation of the general insurance liabilities 
is a complex process involving inherent uncertainty 
and is one of the most significant areas of management 
judgement within the financial statements of the group 
and company. The uncertainty around claims frequency, 
claims severity, discount rate, future inflation and 
reserve margin require significant management 
judgement and estimation in setting the reserves. 
We consider the following to be the specific areas
 of significant judgement: 

– Assumptions and methodology used in calculating 

the reserves for asbestos and PSA exposures, 
specifically in relation to the incurred but not reported 
(‘IBNR’) element of these reserves. 

– The key assumptions and completeness of reserves 
held against business interruption claims arising 
as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

With involvement from our Actuarial specialists we have 
performed the following procedures: 

Assumptions and methodology used in calculating 
the reserves for asbestos and PSA exposures 

•  Observed the Reserving Committee control which 

reviews, challenges and approves the assumptions 
used within the calculation of the reserves; 

•  Assessed the appropriateness of the methodology 

used in setting the reserves; 

•  Challenged the assumptions used by management 
and considered reasonable alternative assumptions 
and the impact of the level of reserves calculated; and 

•  Performed independent recalculations of the models 

used in the calculation of the reserves; 

The methodology and assumptions used in calculating 
and the completeness of reserves held against 
business interruption claims arising as a result 
of the Covid-19 pandemic. 

•  Tested a sample of policies recorded on the policy 

administration systems to test management’s 
judgement as to whether or not an exposure 
to business interruption claims exists (including 
consideration of policy wording and the result 
of the FCA test case); 

•  Tested a sample of policies where a business 

interruption reserve is held to ensure the methodology 
and assumptions used in calculating the reserves 
is appropriate. 

Other procedures performed to address risks common 
across both identified key audit matters include: 

•  Understood management’s process and controls 

for the calculation of the reserves including review, 
challenge and approval of key assumptions by the 
reserving committee and audit committee; and 

•  Reviewed disclosures within the financial statements 

to ensure they appropriately reflect the level 
of judgement and uncertainty within the reserves. 

As a result of our work outlined above, we have 
concluded that the reserves calculated are supportable. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section Four 

Independent auditors’ report to the members of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc 

178 

179 

Key audit matter 

Valuation of investment property and unlisted equity 
(group and company) 

As disclosed in the Group Audit Committee report 
and notes 2, 4 and 21. 

As at 31 December 2020, the group and company held 
£963m of investments. The majority of these investments 
do not require significant judgement in calculating their 
valuation in the financial statements. However, £142m 
of these investments are in investment properties and 
£59m in unlisted equity investments, which require 
management to use significant estimates and judgements 
in order to calculate the valuation at the year-end. 
Due to the magnitude of these balances and the level 
of judgement involved in their valuation, this was an area 
of focus for our audit. 

The group outsources the valuation of investment 
properties to a third party, whilst unlisted equity 
investments are valued by the Group Finance Team. 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

With involvement from our Real Estate valuation experts 
we have performed the following procedures over 
investment property valuation: 

•  Tested the reasonableness of the valuation 

assumptions used by management’s experts by 
considering them against industry benchmarks; 

•  Obtained and reviewed the valuation reports produced 

by management’s experts and confirmed that the 
methodology adopted was appropriate; 

•  Compared the valuation movement and investment 
yield movement from 31 December 2019 and our 
estimated industry range and understood the reasons 
for valuations outside that range; and 

•  Assessed the competence, objectivity and 
independence of the third party valuers. 

For a sample of investment properties, we also 
performed the following: 

•  Performed testing over the inputs used in the valuation 

of the investment property (e.g. lease lengths and 
rental amounts). 

From our work carried out we found that the 
assumptions and methodology used in the investment 
property valuations were supported by the evidence 
we obtained. 

With involvement from our insurance valuation experts 
we have performed the following procedures over 
unlisted equity valuations: 

•  Reviewed the methodology used by management 

in calculating the valuation; 

•  Tested the suitability of comparable companies 
considered by management in their valuation; 

•  Tested adjustments such as the illiquidity discount 

used by management in their valuation; and 

•  Performed an independent valuation of the unlisted 
investment and compared this valuation range with 
that valuation provided by management. 

From our work carried out we found that the 
assumptions and methodology used in the unlisted 
equity investment valuations were supported by the 
evidence we obtained. 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

In assessing management’s consideration of the impact 
of COVID-19 on the Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc 
and its subsidiaries we have performed the following 
procedures: 

•  Obtained and reviewed management’s updated 

going concern assessment which included the board 
approved income statement, balance sheet, cash flow 
and solvency forecasts; 

•  Considered the forward looking assumptions and 

assessed the reasonableness of this based on recent 
historic performance; 

•  Considered information obtained during the course 

of the audit and publicly available market information 
to identify any evidence that would contradict 
management’s assessment of the ongoing impact 
of COVID-19; and 

•  Considered our own independent alternative downside 
scenarios and whether these could impact the going 
concern assessment. 

As a result of the procedures performed, we agree with 
the Director’s conclusions in respect of going concern. 

•  Considered whether there has been any impacts 
on the design and operating effectiveness of key 
controls impacting the preparation of financial 
statement information; 

•  Considered the result of the FCA test case in respect 
of Business Interruption claims and challenged the 
assumptions made by management in calculating the 
gross and net exposure to claims (see separate key 
audit mattter for details); 

•  With consideration of the impacts of the pandemic, 

on the portfolio of investment properties held. 
(see separate key audit matter for details); 

We have audited the balances impacted by estimation 
uncertainty and believe the values presented in the 
Financial Statements to be reasonable. 

•  Reviewed the appropriateness of disclosures within 
the Annual Report and Financial Statements with 
respect to COVID-19 and where relevant checked 
the material consistency of other information to the 
audited financial statements. 

We conclude that the disclosures made are appropriate. 

Key audit matter 

Impact of Covid-19 (group and company) 

As disclosed in the Strategic Report, the Group Audit 
Commitee Report and notes 1 and 2, the impacts of 
the global pandemic due to the Coronavirus COVID-19 
continue to cause significant social and economic 
disruption up to the date of reporting. In our audit 
we have identified the following key impacts 
of COVID-19 to consider: 

Ability of the entity to continue as a going concern 

There are a number of potential matters in relation 
to Covid-19 which could impact on the going concern 
status of the group and company. Management have 
produced a going concern assessment which projects 
the future cash position, liquidity and solvency of the 
group. The assessment has shown the group and entity 
to have sufficient liquid resources to meet payments 
as they fall due and not to breach their Solvency risk 
appetite under Solvency II. 

Using downside scenarios driven by the group’s and 
company’s cash flow forecasting, the Directors have 
considered the ability of the group and company 
to remain solvent with sufficient liquidity to meet 
future obligations. 

The Directors have also considered its requirements 
in respect of regulatory capital under Solvency II and 
the potential operational impacts on the business 
arising from remote working. Specific consideration has 
also been given to the exposure the Group faces from 
Business Interruption policies during the lockdowns 
in UK, Ireland, Canada and Australia. 

The Directors’ have concluded that the group and parent 
are a going concern. 

Impact on Estimation Uncertainty in the Financial 
Statements 

The pandemic has increased the level of estimation 
uncertainty in the financial statements. The Directors 
have therefore considered how COVID-19 has impacted 
the key estimates that determine the valuation 
of material balances, particularly certain Insurance 
Contract Liabilities (specifically in relation to Business 
Interruption), and the fair value of investment 
properties held. 

Qualitative Disclosures in the Annual Report 
and Accounts 

In addition, the Directors have considered the qualitative 
disclosures included in the Annual Report and Financial 
Statements in respect of COVID-19 and the impact that 
the pandemic has had, and continues to have, on the 
Group and Company. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section Four 

Independent auditors’ report to the members of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc 

180 

181 

Materiality 
The scope of our audit was influenced 
by our application of materiality. 
We set certain quantitative thresholds 
for materiality. These, together with 
qualitative considerations, helped 
us to determine the scope of our audit 
and the nature, timing and extent of our 
audit procedures on the individual financial 
statement line items and disclosures and 
in evaluating the effect of misstatements, 
both individually and in aggregate on the 
financial statements as a whole. 

Based on our professional judgement, 
we determined materiality for the financial 
statements as a whole as follows: 

How we tailored the audit scope 
We tailored the scope of our audit 
to ensure that we performed enough work 
to be able to give an opinion on the financial 
statements as a whole, taking into account 
the structure of the Group and the Company, 
the accounting processes and controls, 
and the industry in which they operate. 

The group operates a general insurance 
business in the United Kingdom, Ireland, 
Canada and Australia. It also operates 
a life insurance business, an investment 
management business and an insurance 
broking business within the United Kingdom. 
The group also includes certain non-insurance 
entities within the United Kingdom and 
Australia which are smaller and do not form 
part of our in scope components. 

We consider the general insurance business 
in the United Kingdom and the consolidation 
adjustments to be a financially significant 
reporting component. We have performed 
a full scope audit of this component. 
The general insurance business in Canada 
and Australia as well as the life insurance 
business, an investment management 
business and an insurance broking business 
within the United Kingdom were noted 
to included specific large balances. These 
large balances have then been brought 
into the scope of our audit. Consolidation 
adjustments in the Group accounts have 
also been considered. 

Together with additional procedures 
performed at a Group level on the 
consolidation, the result of the above 
scoping was that we achieved greater than 
96% coverage of gross written premiums, 
95% coverage of insurance contract 
liabilities and 85% of net assets. 

Financial statements 
– group 

Financial statements 
– company 

Overall materiality 

£10,000,000. 

£9,500,000. 

How we determined it 

1.8% of Net assets 

2.0% of Net assets 

Rationale for benchmark 
applied 

The engagement team 
concluded that £9.5 million 
is the most appropriate 
figure when setting the 
company materiality 
on the 2020 engagement. 

The engagement team 
concluded that £10.0 million 
is the most appropriate 
figure when setting 
an overall materiality 
on the 2020 engagement. 
The quantum of £10.0 million  The quantum of £9.5 million 
was determined by 
considering the various 
benchmarks available 
to us as auditors, our 
experience of auditing other 
insurance groups and the 
business performance 
during 2020. 

was determined by 
considering the various 
benchmarks available 
to us as auditors, our 
experience of auditing other 
insurance companies and 
the business performance 
during 2020. 

In determining the performance materiality, 
we considered a number of factors – the 
history of misstatements, risk assessment 
and aggregation risk and the effectiveness 
of controls – and concluded that an amount 
at the upper end of our normal range 
was appropriate. 

We agreed with the Group Audit Committee 
that we would report to them misstatements 
identified during our audit above £500,000 
(group audit) and £475,000 (company 
audit) as well as misstatements below 
those amounts that, in our view, warranted 
reporting for qualitative reasons. 

For each component in the scope of our 
group audit, we allocated a materiality that 
is less than our overall group materiality. 
The range of materiality allocated across 
components was between £0.5 million 
and £9.0 million. 

We use performance materiality to reduce 
to an appropriately low level the probability 
that the aggregate of uncorrected and 
undetected misstatements exceeds 
overall materiality. Specifically, we use 
performance materiality in determining 
the scope of our audit and the nature and 
extent of our testing of account balances, 
classes of transactions and disclosures, 
for example in determining sample sizes. 
Our performance materiality was 75% 
of overall materiality, amounting to £7.5m 
for the group financial statements and £7.1m 
for the company financial statements. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section Four 

Independent auditors’ report to the members of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc 

182 
182

183 

Conclusions relating to going concern 
Our evaluation of the directors’ assessment 
of the group’s and the company’s ability 
to continue to adopt the going concern basis 
of accounting included: 

• Obtained and reviewed management’s 

updated going concern assessment which 
included the board approved income 
statement, balance sheet, cash flow 
and solvency forecasts; 

• Considered the forward looking 
assumptions and assessed the 
reasonableness of this based 
on recent historic performance; 

• Considered information obtained during 

the course of the audit and publicly 
available market information to identify 
any evidence that would contradict 
management’s assessment of the 
ongoing impact of COVID-19; and 
• Considered our own independent 

alternative downside scenarios and 
whether these could impact the going 
concern assessment. 

Based on the work we have performed, 
we have not identified any material 
uncertainties relating to events or conditions 
that, individually or collectively, may cast 
significant doubt on the group’s and the 
company’s ability to continue as a going 
concern for a period of at least twelve 
months from when the financial statements 
are authorised for issue. 

In auditing the financial statements, 
we have concluded that the directors’ use 
of the going concern basis of accounting 
in the preparation of the financial statements 
is appropriate. 

However, because not all future events 
or conditions can be predicted, this 
conclusion is not a guarantee as to the 
group’s and the company’s ability 
to continue as a going concern. 

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities 
of the directors with respect to going 
concern are described in the relevant 
sections of this report. 

Reporting on other information 
The other information comprises all of the 
information in the Annual Report other than 
the financial statements and our auditors’ 
report thereon. The directors are responsible 
for the other information. Our opinion 
on the financial statements does not cover 
the other information and, accordingly, 
we do not express an audit opinion or, except 
to the extent otherwise explicitly stated 
in this report, any form of assurance thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial 
statements, our responsibility is to read 
the other information and, in doing so, 
consider whether the other information 
is materially inconsistent with the financial 
statements or our knowledge obtained 
in the audit, or otherwise appears 
to be materially misstated. If we identify 
an apparent material inconsistency 
or material misstatement, we are required 
to perform procedures to conclude 
whether there is a material misstatement 
of the financial statements or a material 
misstatement of the other information. 
If, based on the work we have performed, 
we conclude that there is a material 
misstatement of this other information, 
we are required to report that fact. 
We have nothing to report based 
on these responsibilities. 

With respect to the Strategic report and 
Directors’ Report, we also considered 
whether the disclosures required by the UK 
Companies Act 2006 have been included. 

Based on our work undertaken in the 
course of the audit, the Companies Act 2006 
requires us also to report certain opinions 
and matters as described below. 

Strategic report and Directors’ Report 
In our opinion, based on the work 
undertaken in the course of the audit, 
the information given in the Strategic 
report and Directors’ Report for the year 
ended 31 December 2020 is consistent 
with the financial statements and has been 
prepared in accordance with applicable 
legal requirements. 

In light of the knowledge and understanding 
of the group and company and their 
environment obtained in the course 
of the audit, we did not identify any 
material misstatements in the Strategic 
report and Directors’ Report. 

Directors’ Remuneration 
In our opinion, the part of the Group 
remuneration report to be audited has 
been properly prepared in accordance 
with the Companies Act 2006. 

Responsibilities for the financial 
statements and the audit 
Responsibilities of the directors 
for the financial statements 
As explained more fully in the Directors’ 
responsibilities, the directors are 
responsible for the preparation of the 
financial statements in accordance with 
the applicable framework and for being 
satisfied that they give a true and fair view. 
The directors are also responsible for 
such internal control as they determine 
is necessary to enable the preparation 
of financial statements that are free from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud 
or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, 
the directors are responsible for assessing 
the group’s and the company’s ability 
to continue as a going concern, disclosing, 
as applicable, matters related to going 
concern and using the going concern basis 
of accounting unless the directors either 
intend to liquidate the group or the company 
or to cease operations, or have no realistic 
alternative but to do so. 

Auditors’ responsibilities for the audit 
of the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable 
assurance about whether the financial 
statements as a whole are free from 
material misstatement, whether due 
to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors’ 
report that includes our opinion. Reasonable 
assurance is a high level of assurance, but 
is not a guarantee that an audit conducted 
in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always 
detect a material misstatement when 
it exists. Misstatements can arise from 
fraud or error and are considered material 
if, individually or in the aggregate, they could 
reasonably be expected to influence 
the economic decisions of users taken 
on the basis of these financial statements. 

Our audit testing might include testing 
complete populations of certain transactions 
and balances, possibly using data auditing 
techniques. However, it typically involves 
selecting a limited number of items for 
testing, rather than testing complete 
populations. We will often seek to target 
particular items for testing based on their 
size or risk characteristics. In other cases, 
we will use audit sampling to enable 
us to draw a conclusion about the population 
from which the sample is selected. 

A further description of our responsibilities 
for the audit of the financial statements 
is located on the FRC’s website at: 
www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. 
This description forms part of our 
auditors’ report. 

Use of this report 
This report, including the opinions, has been 
prepared for and only for the company’s 
members as a body in accordance with 
Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 
2006 and for no other purpose. We do not, 
in giving these opinions, accept or assume 
responsibility for any other purpose 
or to any other person to whom this report 
is shown or into whose hands it may come 
save where expressly agreed by our prior 
consent in writing. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
185 

186 

187 

188 

189 

190 

191 

Section Four 

Independent auditors’ report to the members of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc 

184 
184

Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020 

Section Four 

Financial Statements 

Consolidated statement of profit or loss 

Consolidated and parent statement of comprehensive income 

Consolidated and parent statement of changes in equity 

Consolidated and parent statement of financial position 

Consolidated and parent statement of cash flows 

Notes to the financial statements 

Other required reporting 
Companies Act 2006 
exception reporting 
Under the Companies Act 2006 we are 
required to report to you if, in our opinion: 

• we have not obtained all the information 

and explanations we require for our audit; 
or 

• adequate accounting records have not 
been kept by the company, or returns 
adequate for our audit have not been 
received from branches not visited by us; or 

• certain disclosures of directors’ 

remuneration specified by law are 
not made; or 

• the company financial statements and the 

part of the Group remuneration report 
to be audited are not in agreement with 
the accounting records and returns; or 
• a corporate governance statement has 
not been prepared by the company. 

We have no exceptions to report arising 
from this responsibility. 

Appointment 
Following the recommendation of the Group 
Audit Committee, we were appointed 
by the directors on 18 June 2020 to audit 
the financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2020 and subsequent financial 
periods. This is therefore our first year 
of uninterrupted engagement. 

Sue Morling 
(Senior Statutory Auditor) 
for and on behalf of 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
Chartered Accountants and Statutory 
Auditors 
Bristol 
18 March 2021 

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Consolidated statement of profit or loss 
for the year ended 31 December 2020 

Consolidated and parent statement of comprehensive income 
for the year ended 31 December 2020 

186 

Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020 

187 

Revenue 
Gross written premiums 
Outward reinsurance premiums 
Net change in provision for unearned premiums 
Net earned premiums 

Fee and commission income 
Other operating income 
Net investment return 
Total revenue 

Expenses 
Claims and change in insurance liabilities 
Reinsurance recoveries 
Fees, commissions and other acquisition costs 
Other operating and administrative expenses 
Total operating expenses 

Operating (loss)/profit 
Finance costs 
(Loss)/profit before tax 
Tax credit/(expense) 
(Loss)/profit for the year (attributable to equity holders of the Parent) 

Notes 

5, 6 
6 
6 

7 

8 

9 
9 
10 

5 
14 
11 

2020 
£000 

2019 
£000 

437,299 
(173,074) 
(16,562) 
247,663 

69,582 
2,126 
(4,298) 
315,073 

(222,794) 
94,581 
(85,444) 
(116,393) 
(330,050) 

(14,977) 
(769) 
(15,746) 
526 
(15,220) 

393,952 
(152,886) 
(15,080) 
225,986 

71,240 
544 
74,438 
372,208 

(157,808) 
52,800 
(72,740) 
(120,577) 
(298,325) 

73,883 
(620) 
73,263 
(11,450) 
61,813 

(Loss)/profit for the year 

(15,220) 

(19,376) 

61,813 

Notes

2020 

Group 
£000 

Parent 
£000 

2019 

Group 
£000 

Other comprehensive income 
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss: 
Fair value losses on property 
Actuarial losses on retirement benefit plans 
Attributable tax 

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: 
Gains/(losses) on currency translation differences 
(Losses)/gains on net investment hedges 
Attributable tax 

19 

27 
27 
27 

Net other comprehensive expense 
Total comprehensive (loss)/income attributable to equity holders of 
the Parent 

Parent 
£000 

70,151 

-

(7,049) 
1,198 
(5,851) 

525 
(649) 
110 
(14) 

(5,865) 

(15) 
(17,318) 
3,521 
(13,812) 

1,980 
(2,339) 
265 
(94) 

(15) 
(17,318) 
3,521 
(13,812) 

(711) 
279 
(64) 
(496) 

(13,906) 

(14,308) 

-

(7,049) 
1,198 
(5,851) 

(1,368) 
640 
(19) 
(747) 

(6,598) 

(29,126) 

(33,684) 

55,215 

64,286 

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Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated and parent statement of changes in equity 
for the year ended 31 December 2020 

Group 

Notes 

Share 
capital 
£000 

Share 
premium
£000 

Translation 
Revaluation  and hedging 
reserve 
£000 

reserve 
£000 

Retained 
earnings 
£000 

15 

15
15 
15 

At 1 January 2020 
Loss for the year 
Other net income/(expense) 
Total comprehensive income/(expense) 
Dividends 
At 31 December 2020 

At 1 January 2019 
Profit for the year 
Other net expense 
Total comprehensive (expense)/income 
Dividends 
Gross charitable grant 
Tax relief on charitable grant 
At 31 December 2019 

Parent 

At 1 January 2020 
Loss for the year
Other net income/(expense) 
Total comprehensive income/(expense) 
Dividends 
Group tax relief in excess 
of standard rate 
At 31 December 2020 

At 1 January 2019 
Profit for the year 
Other net expense 
Total comprehensive (expense)/income
Dividends 
Gross charitable grant 
Tax relief on charitable grant
Group tax relief in excess 
of standard rate 
At 31 December 2019

120,477 
-
-
-
-
120,477 

120,477
-
-
-
-
-
-
120,477

120,477 
-
-
-
-

-
120,477

120,477
-
-
 -
-
-
 -

-
120,477 

4,632
-
-
-
-
4,632

4,632
-
-
-
-
-
-
4,632 

4,632 
-
-
-
-

-
4,632 

4,632
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
4,632 

565
-
34 
34 
-
599 

565 
-
-
-
-
-
-
565 

565 
-
35 
35 
-

-
600 

565 
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
565 

18,324 
-
(94) 
(94) 
-
18,230 

19,071
-

(747) 
(747) 

-
-
-
18,324 

7,564 
-

(497) 
(497) 

-

-
7,067 

7,578 
-
(14)
(14) 
-
-
-

188 

Total 
£000 

607,535 
(15,220) 
(13,906) 
(29,126) 
(9,181) 
569,228 

586,004 
61,813
(6,598) 
55,215
(9,181) 
(30,000) 
5,497
607,535 

463,537
(15,220) 
(13,846) 
(29,066) 
(9,181) 
425,290 

441,259 
61,813 
(5,851) 
55,962 
(9,181) 
(30,000) 
5,497 
463,537 

391,519 
(19,376) 
(13,846) 
(33,222) 
(9,181) 

524,757
(19,376) 
(14,308)
(33,684) 
(9,181) 

(472) 
348,644 

(472)
481,420 

361,595 
70,151
(5,851) 
64,300 
(9,181) 
(30,000) 
4,920 

494,847
70,151
(5,865)
64,286 
(9,181)
(30,000)
4,920

-
7,564 

(115) 
391,519 

(115)
524,757

Consolidated and parent statement of financial position 
at 31 December 2020 

189 

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Assets 
Goodwill and other intangible assets 
Deferred acquisition costs 
Deferred tax assets 
Pension assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Investment property 
Financial investments 
Reinsurers' share of contract liabilities 
Current tax recoverable 
Other assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Total assets 

Equity 
Share capital 
Share premium account 
Retained earnings and other reserves 
Total shareholders' equity 

Liabilities 
Insurance contract liabilities 
Lease obligations 
Provisions for other liabilities 
Pension liabilities 
Retirement benefit obligations
Deferred tax liabilities 
Current tax liabilities 
Deferred income 
Other liabilities 
Total liabilities 

Total shareholders' equity and liabilities 

Notes 

2020 

Group 
£000 

17 
18 
30 
19 
20 
21 
22 
28 

24 
25 

26 

28 
32 
29 
19 
19 
30 

31 
31 

54,353 
41,989 
1,078 
1,053 
38,316 
142,142 
820,777 
208,677 
7,986 
216,570 
104,429 
1,637,370 

120,477 
4,632 
444,119 
569,228 

868,649 
25,450 
6,499 
10,406 
6,530 
29,846 
1,293 
25,908 
93,561 
1,068,142 

1,637,370 

Parent 
£000 

24,265 
33,472
-
1,053 
34,726 
142,142 
650,787 
134,516 
5,497 
161,114 
59,466 
1,247,038 

120,477 
4,632 
356,311 
481,420 

616,202 
22,838 
5,842 
10,406 
6,530 
28,562 
1,293 
18,858 
55,087 
765,618 

2019 

Group 
£000 

Parent 
£000 

38,651 
38,199 
2,203 
8,505 
20,322 
148,146 
857,913 
159,556 
4,211 
178,358 
74,775 
1,530,839 

120,477 
4,632 
482,426 
607,535 

763,977 
12,923 
4,867 
-
5,998 
35,649 
123 
22,815 
76,952
923,304 

11,914 
31,133
-
8,505 
16,700 
148,146 
697,153 
106,701 
2,732 
133,793 
42,248 
1,199,025 

120,477 
4,632 
399,648 
524,757 

556,272 
10,328 
4,695 
-
5,998 
34,428
-
16,981 
45,566 
674,268 

1,247,038 

1,530,839 

1,199,025 

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The financial statements of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc, registered number 24869, on pages 186 to 255 were approved and authorised for issue 
by the Board of Directors on 18 March 2021 and signed on its behalf by: 

The revaluation reserve represents cumulative net fair value gains on owner-occupied property. Further details of the translation and hedging 
reserve are included in note 27. 

David Henderson 
Chairman 

Mark Hews 
Group Chief Executive 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated and parent statement of cash flows 
for the year ended 31 December 2020 

Notes to the financial statements 

190 

191 

(Loss)/profit before tax 
Adjustments for: 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
Revaluation of property, plant and equipment 
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Amortisation and impairment of intangible assets 
Impairment of shares in subsidiary undertakings 
Net fair value losses/(gains) on financial instruments and 
investment property 
Dividend and interest income 
Finance costs 
Adjustment for pension funding 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities: 
Net increase in insurance contract liabilities 
Net increase in reinsurers' share of contract liabilities 
Net increase in deferred acquisition costs 
Net increase in other assets 
Net increase in operating liabilities 
Net increase in other liabilities 
Cash generated by operations 

Purchases of financial instruments and investment property 
Sale of financial instruments and investment property 
Dividends received 
Interest received 
Tax paid 
Net cash from operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Purchases of property, plant and equipment 
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment 
Purchases of intangible assets 
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired 
Net cash used by investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Interest paid 
Payment of lease liabilities 
Dividends paid to Company's shareholders 
Charitable grant paid to ultimate parent undertaking 
Acquisition of shares issued by subsidiary 
Net cash used by financing activities 

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 
Exchange gains/(losses) on cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

Notes 

2020 

Group 
£000 

Parent 
£000 

2019 

Group 
£000 

(15,746) 

(20,398) 

73,263 

5,486 
(10) 
172 
1,468 
-

18,602 
(21,814) 
769 
1,003 

94,180 
(45,101) 
(3,352) 
(35,369) 
16,642 
1,298 
18,228 

(121,754) 
151,531 
6,255 
14,519 
(2,756) 
66,023 

(6,028)
1 
(15,602) 
(822) 
(22,451) 

(769) 
(5,090) 
(9,181) 

-
-

(15,040) 

28,532 
74,775 
1,122 
104,429 

4,620 
(10)
172 
593 
58 

24,390 
(17,185) 
667 
1,003 

59,703 
(27,858) 
(2,405) 
(27,384) 
10,148 
1,212 
7,326 

(89,260) 
129,725 
6,812 
9,332 
(2,844) 
61,091 

(5,881) 
1 
(12,978) 

-

(18,858) 

(667) 
(4,432) 
(9,181) 

-

(11,086) 
(25,366) 

16,867 
42,248 
351 
59,466 

5,081 
-
171 
1,016 
-

(52,091) 
(26,218) 
620 
815 

49,537 
(21,265) 
(4,553) 
(25,272)
11,153 
784 
13,041 

(156,760) 
148,308 
9,605 
16,293
(8,296) 
22,191 

(4,394) 

-

(9,613) 
(40) 
(14,047) 

(620) 
(2,787) 
(9,181) 
(30,000) 

-

(42,588) 

(34,444) 
109,417 
(198) 
74,775 

16 

22 

25 

Parent 
£000 

80,552 

4,222 
-
84 
589 
610 

(45,136) 
(33,243) 
504 
815 

25,501 
(6,543) 
(3,307) 
(16,724) 
2,371 
825 
11,120 

(122,792) 
107,414 
22,512 
10,351 
(5,787) 
22,818 

(4,117)
-
(7,615)
 -

(11,732) 

(504) 
(2,185) 
(9,181) 
(30,000)
-
(41,870)

(30,784) 
72,775 
257 
42,248 

1 Accounting policies 

Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc (hereafter referred to as the ‘Company’, or ‘Parent’), a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in 
England, together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the ‘Group’) operates principally as a provider of general insurance and in addition offers a 
range of financial services, with offices in the UK & Ireland, Australia and Canada. The principal accounting policies adopted in preparing the 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) financial statements of the Group and Parent are set out below. 

Basis of preparation 

The Group’s consolidated and Parent's financial statements have been prepared using the following accounting policies, which are in 
accordance with IFRS applicable at 31 December 2020 issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) in conformity with the 
requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002 as it applies in the European Union (EU). The 
financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the revaluation of properties measured at fair value through 
other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) and certain other financial assets and derivatives measured at fair value through profit and loss 
(FVTPL). 

As stated in the Directors' Report, the directors consider that it is appropriate to continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the 
accounts. 

In accordance with IFRS 4, Insurance Contracts, on adoption of IFRS the Group applied existing accounting practices for insurance and 
participating investment contracts, modified as appropriate to comply with the IFRS framework and applicable standards, introducing changes 
only where they provide more reliable and relevant information. 

Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured in the currency of the primary economic environment in 
which that entity operates (the 'functional currency'). The consolidated financial statements are stated in sterling, which is the Company's 
functional currency and the Group’s presentational currency. 

As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, a separate profit and loss account for the Company is not presented. 

New and revised standards 
A number of amendments and improvements to accounting standards have been issued by the International Accounting Standards Board 
(IASB) with an effective date of on or after 1 January 2020, and are therefore applicable for the 31 December 2020 financial statements. None 
had a significant impact on the Group. 

IFRS 9, Financial Instruments , is effective for periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018. However the Group has taken the option available 
to insurers to defer the application of IFRS 9 as permitted by IFRS 4, Insurance Contracts . The Group qualifies for the temporary exemption, 
which is available until annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023, since at 31 December 2015 greater than 90% of its liabilities 
were within the scope of IFRS 4. The Parent qualifies for the temporary exemption since at 31 December 2015 greater than 80% of its 
liabilities were within the scope of IFRS 4 and it does not engage in significant activities unconnected with insurance. Other liabilities of the 
Parent include employment benefit and tax liabilities which arise solely because the Parent insures, or fulfils obligations arising from insurance 
contracts.  There has been no significant change to the Group or Parent's operations since 31 December 2015 and as a result, the Group and 
Parent continue to apply IAS 39, Financial Instruments . 

Within the Group, Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc, Ecclesiastical Life Limited and Ansvar Insurance Limited qualify for the temporary 
exemption from the requirements of IFRS 9. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
1 Accounting policies (continued) 

Notes to the financial statements 
1 Accounting policies (continued) 

192 

193 

The following standards were in issue but were either not yet effective or have been deferred and therefore have not been applied in these 
financial statements. 

Standard 

Key requirements 

Expected impact on financial statements 

Effective date 

IFRS 9, Financial  Provides a new model for 
Instruments 

the classification and 
measurement of financial 
instruments, a single, 
forward-looking ‘expected 
loss’ impairment model 
and a reformed approach 
to hedge accounting. 

It is expected that equity instruments will continue to be 
measured at fair value through profit or loss. There is a 
possibility that the measurement of certain debt instruments will  2018. Although can be 
deferred until 2023 for 
change to amortised cost or fair value through other 
comprehensive income. No changes are expected from the more 
insurers inline with the 
principles-based hedge accounting requirements.  The Group is 
effective date of IFRS 17. 
eligible for, and has applied, the deferral approach, which gives a 
temporary exemption from applying IFRS 9 until the effective 
date of 'IFRS 17, Insurance contracts '. 

Annual periods beginning 
on or after 1 January 

IFRS 17, 
Insurance 
Contracts 

IFRS 17 is a comprehensive new accounting standard for 
Requires insurance 
insurance contracts covering recognition and measurement, 
liabilities to be measured 
at a current fulfilment 
presentation and disclosure.  The standard was issued in May 
value and provides a more  2017 as replacement for IFRS 4, Insurance Contracts and the 
uniform measurement and 
presentation approach for 
all insurance contracts. 
These requirements are 
designed to achieve the 
goal of a consistent, 
principle-based accounting  Amendments to IFRS 17 that had been proposed by the IASB in 
January 2019, were been issued in June 2020. It is not currently 
for insurance contracts. 
practical to quantify the potential impact on the Group’s financial 
position or performance. The Group expects to quantify the 
potential impact closer to transition. 

impact of the standard on the financial statements is being 
assessed.  The Group's long-term business is expected to be the 
most affected by the new standard.  The company expects to be 
able to use the simplified premium allocation approach to the 
majority of its general business insurance contracts, which 
applies to contracts with a coverage period of one year or less. 

Applicable to annual 
reporting periods 
beginning on or after 1 
January 2023. 

Amendments to other standards in issue but not yet effective are not expected to materially impact the Group. 

Use of estimates 
The preparation of financial statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, 
and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. This includes estimates and assumptions related 
to insurance contract liabilities as a result of Covid-19. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events 
and actions, actual results ultimately may differ from those estimates. Those estimates which have the most material impact on the financial 
statements are disclosed in note 2. 

Basis of consolidation 
Subsidiaries 
Subsidiaries are those entities over which the Company, directly or indirectly, has control, with control being achieved when the Company has 
power over the investee, is exposed to variable return from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to use its power to affect its 
returns. The results and cash flows relating to subsidiaries acquired or disposed of in the year are included in the consolidated statement of 
profit or loss, and the consolidated statement of cash flows, from the date of acquisition or up to the date of disposal. All inter-company 
transactions, balances and cash flows are eliminated. 

In the Parent statement of financial position, subsidiaries are accounted for within financial investments at cost less impairment, in accordance 
with International Accounting Standard (IAS) 27, Separate Financial Statements. 

The Group uses the acquisition method of accounting to account for business combinations. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair 
value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the acquisition date. Identifiable assets acquired and 
liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. Non-
controlling interests are measured either at fair value or at a proportionate share of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree. Goodwill is 
measured as the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred, the fair value of contingent consideration, the amount of non-
controlling interests and, for an acquisition achieved in stages, the fair value of previously held equity interest over the fair value of the 
identifiable net assets acquired. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets acquired, the difference is recognised 
directly through profit or loss. 

For business combinations involving entities or businesses under common control, the cost of the acquisition equals the value of net assets 
transferred, as recognised by the transferor at the date of the transaction. No goodwill arises on such transactions. 

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Foreign currency translation 
The assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated from their functional currencies into the Group's presentation currency using year-
end exchange rates, and their income and expenses using average exchange rates for the year. Exchange differences arising from the 
translation of the net investment in foreign operations are taken to the currency translation reserve within equity. On disposal of a foreign 
operation, such exchange differences are transferred out of this reserve, along with the corresponding movement on net investment hedges, 
and are recognised in the statement of profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on sale. 

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transactions. 
Exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions, and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities 
denominated in foreign currencies, are recognised through profit or loss. 

Product classification 
Contracts under which the Group accepts significant insurance risk from another party (the policyholder) by agreeing to compensate the 
policyholder or other beneficiary if a specified uncertain future event (the insured event) adversely affects the policyholder are classified as 
insurance contracts. Contracts that do not transfer significant insurance risk are classified as investment or service contracts. All of the Group's 
life business contracts are classified as insurance contracts. 

Both insurance and investment contracts may contain a discretionary participating feature, which is defined as a contractual right to receive 
additional benefits as a supplement to guaranteed benefits. The Group does not have any such participating contracts (referred to as with-profit 
contracts). The Group's long-term business contracts are referred to as non-profit contracts in the financial statements. 

Premium income 
General insurance business 
Premiums are shown gross of commission paid to intermediaries and accounted for in the period in which the risk commences. Estimates are 
included for premiums not notified by the year end ('pipeline premiums') and provision is made for the anticipated lapse of renewals not yet 
confirmed. Those proportions of premiums written in a year which relate to periods of risk extending beyond the end of the year are carried 
forward as unearned premiums. 

Premiums written include adjustments to premiums written in prior periods and estimates for pipeline premiums and are shown net of insurance 
premium taxes. 

Life business 
Insurance contract premiums are recognised as income when receivable, at which date the liabilities arising from them are also recognised. 

Fee and commission income 
Fee and commission income consists primarily of reinsurance commissions and reinsurance profit commissions which are accounted for in 
accordance with IFRS 4, Insurance contracts . It also includes income from the Group's insurance broking activities, investment fund 
management fees, distribution fees from mutual funds and commission revenue from the sale of mutual fund shares which are accounted for in 
accordance with IFRS 15, Revenue from contracts with customers . 

As with general insurance premiums, reinsurance commissions are accounted for in the period in which the risk commences. Those proportions 
of reinsurance commissions written in a year which relate to periods of risk extending beyond the end of the year, are carried forward as 
deferred income. Reinsurance profit commissions are recognised at the point in time when the amount of commission can be accurately 
estimated. 

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Income generated from the Group's insurance broking activities is recognised at the point at which the performance obligation is satisfied, 
being the inception date of the insurance cover, or, where this income is variable, the point at which it is reasonably certain that no significant 
reversal of the amount recognised would occur. An estimate is made for the amount of fees and commission that may be clawed back as a 
result of policy cancellations or amendments in relation to performance obligations satisfied in the year. This is deducted from fee and 
commission income and recognised in provisions. Where commission or fees are received in advance of the inception date of cover, deferred 
income is recognised. Receivables are recognised in other debtors on inception date of cover in respect of fees or commissions that the Group 
has an unconditional right to receive. 

Fees charged for investment management services are variable based on funds under management and are recognised over time as the 
services are provided, once it is reasonably certain that no significant reversal of the amount recognised would occur. Fees charged for 
investment management services for institutional and retail fund management are also recognised on this basis. 

Other operating income 
Other operating income consists of the return of surplus reserves from a government-backed reinsurance scheme. It is recognised when the 
distribution is declared. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
1 Accounting policies (continued) 

Notes to the financial statements 
1 Accounting policies (continued) 

194 

195 

Net investment return 
Net investment return consists of dividends, interest and rents receivable for the year, realised gains and losses, unrealised gains and losses on 
financial investments and investment properties. Dividends on equity securities are recorded as revenue on the ex-dividend date. Interest and 
rental income is recognised as it accrues. 

Unrealised gains and losses are calculated as the difference between carrying value and original cost, and the movement during the year is 
recognised through profit or loss. The value of realised gains and losses includes an adjustment for previously recognised unrealised gains or 
losses on investments disposed of in the accounting period. 

The impact of discount rate changes on insurance contract liabilities is also presented within net investment return in order to match with the 
corresponding movements of assets backing the liabilities. 

Claims 
General insurance claims incurred include all losses occurring during the year, whether reported or not, related handling costs, a reduction for 
the value of salvage and other recoveries, and any adjustments to claims outstanding from previous years. 

Claims handling costs include all internal and external costs incurred in connection with the negotiation and settlement of claims. 

Life business claims and death claims are accounted for when notified. 

Insurance contract liabilities 
General insurance provisions 
(i) Outstanding claims provisions 
General insurance outstanding claims provisions are based on the estimated ultimate cost of all claims incurred but not settled at the year-end 
date, whether reported or not, together with related claims handling costs. Significant delays are experienced in the notification and settlement 
of certain types of general insurance claims, particularly in respect of liability business, the ultimate cost of which cannot be known with certainty 
at the year-end date. An estimate is made representing the best estimate plus a uncertainty margin within a range of possible outcomes. 
Designated insurance liabilities are remeasured to reflect current market interest rates. 

(ii) Provision for unearned premiums 

The proportion of written premiums, gross of commission payable to intermediaries, attributable to subsequent periods is deferred as a provision 
for unearned premiums. The change in this provision is taken to profit or loss in order that revenue is recognised over the period of risk. 

(iii) Liability adequacy 
At each reporting date, the Group reviews its unexpired risks and carries out a liability adequacy test for any overall excess of expected claims 
and deferred acquisition costs over unearned premiums, using the current estimates of future cash flows under its contracts. Unexpired risks 
are assessed separately for each class of business. 

Surpluses and deficits are offset where business classes are considered to be managed together and a provision is held for any net deficit. 

Life business provisions 
Under current IFRS requirements, insurance contract liabilities are measured using accounting policies consistent with those adopted 
previously. The life business provision is held in respect of funeral plans and determined using methods and assumptions approved by the 
directors based on advice from the Chief Actuary. 

The life business provision is held in respect of funeral plans and is based on an estimate of the discounted future cash flows expected to arise 
from contracts in-force at the year-end date. The methods and assumptions used in calculating the provision are approved by the directors 
based on advice from the Chief Actuary, including assumptions relating to future interest rates, inflation, mortality, expenses and investment 
return. Changes in the life business provision are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. 

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Reinsurance 

The Group assumes and cedes reinsurance in the normal course of business, with retention limits varying by line of business. Premiums on 
reinsurance assumed are recognised as revenue in the same manner as direct business. Outwards reinsurance premiums are accounted for in 
the same accounting period as the related premiums for the direct or inwards reinsurance business being reinsured. Estimates are included for 
premiums not notified by the year end and provision is made for the anticipated lapse of renewals not yet confirmed. The proportion of 
premiums ceded in a year which relates to periods of risk extending beyond the current year is carried forward as unearned. The Group does 
not reinsure its life business. 

Reinsurance assets primarily include balances due from both insurance and reinsurance companies for ceded insurance liabilities. Amounts 
recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the outstanding claims provisions or the settled claims associated with 
the reinsured policies and in accordance with the relevant reinsurance contract. 

Further details on insurance contract liabilities are included in note 28. 

Intangible assets 
Goodwill 
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired at the date of 
acquisition. Goodwill on acquisitions prior to 1 January 2004 (the date of transition to IFRS) is carried at book value (original cost less 
amortisation) on that date, less any subsequent impairment. Where it is considered more relevant, the Group uses the option to measure 
goodwill initially at fair value, less any subsequent impairment. 

Goodwill is tested annually for impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating 
units for the purpose of impairment testing. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the 
entity sold. 

Computer software 
Computer software is carried at historical cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment, and amortised over a useful life of between three 
and ten years, using the straight-line method. The amortisation and impairment charge for the period is included in the statement of profit or 
loss within other operating and administrative expenses. 

Other intangible assets 
Other intangible assets consist of acquired brand, customer and distribution relationships, and are carried at cost at acquisition less 
accumulated amortisation and impairment after acquisition. Amortisation is on a straight-line basis over the weighted average estimated useful 
life of intangible assets acquired. The amortisation and impairment charge for the period is included in the statement of profit or loss within 
other operating and administrative expenses. 

Property, plant and equipment 
Owner-occupied properties are stated at fair value and movements are taken to the revaluation reserve within equity, net of deferred tax. When 
such properties are sold, the accumulated revaluation surpluses are transferred from this reserve to retained earnings. 

Where the fair value of an individual property is below original cost, any revaluation movement arising during the year is recognised within net 
investment return in the statement of profit or loss. Valuations are carried out at least every three years by external qualified surveyors. All other 
items classed as property, plant and equipment within the statement of financial position are carried at historical cost less accumulated 
depreciation and impairment. 

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Land is not depreciated. No depreciation is provided on owner-occupied properties since such depreciation would be immaterial. Depreciation is 
calculated to write down the cost of other assets to their residual values over their estimated useful lives as follows: 

Computer equipment 
Motor vehicles 
Fixtures, fittings and office equipment 
Right-of-use assets 

3 - 5 years straight line 
4 years straight line or 27% reducing balance 
3 - 10 years or length of lease straight line 
Over the term of the lease 

Where the carrying amount of an item carried at historical cost less accumulated depreciation is greater than its estimated recoverable amount, 
it is written down to its recoverable amount by way of an impairment charge to profit or loss. 

Repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss during the financial period in which they are incurred. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
1 Accounting policies (continued) 

Notes to the financial statements 
1 Accounting policies (continued) 

196 

197 

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Investment property 
Investment property comprises land and buildings which are held for long-term rental yields. It is carried at fair value with changes in fair value 
recognised in the statement of profit or loss within net investment return. Investment property is valued annually by external qualified surveyors 
at open market value. 

Financial instruments 
IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement requires the classification of certain financial assets and liabilities into separate 
categories for which the accounting requirements differ. 

The classification depends on the nature and purpose of the financial assets and liabilities, and is determined at the time of initial recognition. 
Assets and liabilities held at fair value are disclosed according to a hierarchy that reflects the significance of observable market inputs in 
calculating those fair values. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are included within note 4. Financial instruments are initially measured 
at fair value. Their subsequent measurement depends on their classification: 

- Financial instruments designated as fair value through profit or loss, those held for trading, and hedge accounted derivatives under IFRIC 16, 
Hedges of a Net Investment in a Foreign Operation , are subsequently carried at fair value. To the extent to which they are effective, changes 
to the fair value of hedging instruments are recognised in other comprehensive income, with all other fair value changes recognised through 
profit or loss in the period in which they arise. 

- All other financial assets and liabilities are measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest method (except for short-term 

receivables and payables when the recognition of interest would be immaterial). 

Offset of financial assets and financial liabilities 
Financial assets and liabilities are offset, and the net amount reported in the statement of financial position, when there is a legally enforceable 
right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or realise the asset and settle the liability 
simultaneously. 

Financial investments 
The Group accounts for financial assets under IAS 39 and classifies its financial investments as either financial assets at fair value through 
profit or loss (designated as such or held for trading), as financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income or as loans and 
receivables. 

(a) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Financial investments are classified into this category if they are managed, and their performance evaluated, on a fair value basis. Purchases 
and sales of these investments are recognised on the trade date, which is the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the assets, at 
their fair value adjusted for transaction costs. Financial investments within this category are classified as held for trading if they are derivatives 
that are not accounted for as a net investment hedge or are acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the near term. 

The fair values of investments are based on quoted bid prices. Where there is no active market, fair value is established using a valuation 
technique based on observable market data where available. 

Derivative financial instruments and hedging 
Derivative financial instruments include foreign exchange contracts and other financial instruments that derive their value from underlying equity 
instruments. 

All derivatives are initially recognised in the statement of financial position at their fair value, which usually represents their cost, including any 
premium paid. They are subsequently remeasured at their fair value, with the method for recognising changes in the fair value depending on 
whether they are designated as hedges of net investments in foreign operations. All derivatives are carried as assets when the fair values are 
positive and as liabilities when the fair values are negative. 

The notional or contractual amounts associated with derivative financial instruments are not recorded as assets or liabilities in the statement of 
financial position as they do not represent the fair value of these transactions. Collateral pledged by way of cash margins on futures contracts is 
recognised as an asset in the statement of financial position within cash and cash equivalents. 

Certain Group derivative transactions, while providing effective economic hedges under the Group’s risk management positions, do not qualify 
for hedge accounting under the specific IFRS rules and are therefore treated as derivatives held for trading. Their fair value gains and losses are 
recognised immediately in net investment return. The fair value gains and losses for derivatives which are hedge accounted in line with IFRIC 16 
are recognised in other comprehensive income. 

(b) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Derivative instruments for hedging of net investments in foreign operations 
On the date a foreign exchange contract is entered into, the Group designates certain contracts as a hedge of a net investment in a foreign 
operation (net investment hedge) and hedges the forward foreign currency rate. 

Hedge accounting is used for derivatives designated in this way, provided certain criteria are met. At the inception of the transaction, the Group 
documents the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, as well as the risk management objective and the strategy 
for undertaking the hedge transaction. The Group also documents its assessment of whether the hedge is expected to be, and has been, highly 
effective in offsetting the risk in the hedged item, both at inception and on an ongoing basis. 

Gains and losses on the hedging instrument, relating to the effective portion of the net investment hedge, are recognised in other 
comprehensive income and accumulated in the hedging reserve. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in 
profit or loss, and is included in net investment return. 

Gains and losses on the hedging instrument relating to the effective portion of the hedge accumulated in the foreign currency translation 
reserve are reclassified to profit or loss on disposal of the related investment. 

(c) Loans and receivables 
Loans and receivables, comprising loans and cash held on deposit for more than three months, are carried at amortised cost using the effective 
interest method. Loans are recognised when cash is advanced to borrowers. To the extent that a loan or receivable is uncollectable, it is written 
off as impaired. Subsequent recoveries are credited to profit or loss. 

Deferred acquisition costs 
General insurance business 
For general insurance business, a proportion of commission and other acquisition costs relating to unearned premiums is carried forward as 
deferred acquisition costs or, with regard to reinsurance outwards, as deferred income. Deferred acquisition costs are amortised over the period 
in which the related revenues are earned. The reinsurers’ share of deferred acquisition costs is amortised in the same manner as the underlying 
asset. 

Life business 
For life insurance contracts, acquisition costs comprise direct costs such as initial commission and the indirect costs of obtaining and 
processing new business. Acquisition costs which are incurred during a financial year are deferred and amortised over the period during which 
the costs are expected to be recoverable, if applicable. 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original 
maturities of three months or less and bank overdrafts. 

Insurance broking debtors and creditors 
Where the Group acts as an agent in placing the insurable risks of clients with insurers, debtors arising from such transactions are not included 
in the Group's assets. When the Group receives cash in respect of resultant premiums or claims, a corresponding liability is established in other 
creditors in favour of the insurer or client. Where the Group provides premium finance facilities to clients, amounts due are included in other 
debtors, with the amount owing for onward transmission included in other creditors. 

Leases 
Group as a lessee 

Leases are recognised as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability at the date at which the lease asset is available for use by the 
Group. Each lease payment is deducted from the lease liability. Finance costs are charged to the profit and loss over the lease period so as to 
produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. The right-of-use asset is depreciated over 
the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis. 

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Lease liabilities are determined using the net present value of the payments over the lease term with the rate used to discount payments 
reflecting the rate implicit in the lease or, if it not readily determinable, the Group's incremental borrowing rate, and include: 

fixed payments less any lease incentives receivable; 
variable lease payments that are based on an index or rate; 
amounts expected to be payable by the lessee under residual value guarantees; 
the exercise price of an option if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
1 Accounting policies (continued) 

Notes to the financial statements 
1 Accounting policies (continued) 

198 

199 

Right-of-use assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured as cost less accumulated depreciation and comprises: 

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the amount of the initial measurement of lease liability; 
any lease payment made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received; 
any initial direct costs; and 
restoration costs. 

Right-of-use assets are presented within property, plant and equipment in the statement of financial position. 

Payments associated with short-term leases are recognised on a straight-line basis as an expense in profit or loss. Short-term leases are leases 
with a lease term of 12 months or less. 

Group as a lessor 
The Group enters into lease agreements as a lessor with respect to some of its investment properties. The Group also sublets property no 
longer occupied by the Group. 

Leases for which the Group is a lessor are classified as finance or operating leases. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all 
the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases. 

When the Group is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for the head lease and the sublease as two separate contracts. The sublease is classified 
as a finance or operating lease by reference to the right-of-use asset arising from the head lease. 

Rental income from operating leases is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. 

Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognised as receivables at the amount of the Group’s net investment in the leases. 
Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the Group’s net investment 
outstanding in respect of the leases. 

Provisions and contingent liabilities 
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation, as a result of past events, and it is probable that an 
outflow of resources, embodying economic benefits, will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate of the amount of the 
obligation can be made. Where the Group expects a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only 
when it is virtually certain that the reimbursement will be received. 

The Group recognises a provision for onerous contracts when the expected benefits to be derived from a contract are less than the unavoidable 
costs of meeting the obligations under the contract. 

Contingent liabilities are disclosed if there is a possible future obligation as a result of a past event, or if there is a present obligation but either 
an outflow of resources is not probable or the amount cannot be reliably estimated. 

Employee benefits 
Pension obligations 
The Group operates a number of defined benefit and defined contribution plans, the assets of which are held in separate trustee-administered 

For defined benefit plans, the pension costs are assessed using the projected unit credit method. Under this method, the cost of providing 
pensions is charged to profit or loss so as to spread the regular cost over the service lives of employees. The pension obligation is measured as 
the present value of the estimated future cash outflows using a discount rate based on market yields for high-quality corporate bonds. The 
resulting pension plan surplus or deficit appears as an asset or obligation in the statement of financial position. Any asset resulting from this 
calculation is limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plan or reductions in future employer 
contributions to the plan. Independent actuarial valuations are carried out at the end of each reporting period. 

In accordance with IAS 19, Employee Benefits, current and past service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and settlements and net 
interest expense or income (calculated by applying a discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset) are recognised through profit or 
loss. Actuarial gains or losses are recognised in full in the period in which they occur in other comprehensive income. 

Contributions in respect of defined contribution plans are recognised as a charge to profit or loss as incurred. 

Other post-employment obligations 
Some Group companies provide post-employment medical benefits to their retirees. The expected costs of these benefits are accrued over the 
period of employment using an accounting methodology similar to that for defined benefit pension plans. Interest expense (calculated by 
applying a discount rate to the net obligations) is recognised through profit or loss. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in 
other comprehensive income. Independent qualified actuaries value these obligations annually. 

Other benefits 
Employee entitlements to annual leave and long service leave are recognised when they accrue to employees. A provision is made for the 
estimated liability for annual leave and long service leave as a result of services rendered by employees up to the year-end date. 

Taxation 
Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognised in the statement of profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to 
items recognised in other comprehensive income, in which case it is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income. 

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable result for the period, after any adjustment in respect of prior periods. 

Deferred tax is provided in full on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes 
and the amounts used for tax purposes. Deferred tax is measured using tax rates expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is 
realised, or the deferred tax liability is settled, based on tax rates and laws which have been enacted or substantively enacted at the year-end 
date. 

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary 
differences can be utilised. 

Appropriations 
Dividends 
Dividends on Ordinary shares are recognised in equity in the period in which they are declared and, for the final dividend, approved by 
shareholders. Dividends on Non-Cumulative Irredeemable Preference shares are recognised in the period in which they are declared and 
appropriately approved. 

Charitable grant to ultimate parent undertaking 
Payments are made via Gift Aid to the ultimate parent company, Allchurches Trust Limited, a registered charity. The Group does not regard 
these payments as being expenses of the business and, as such, recognises these distributions net of tax in equity in the period in which they 
are approved. 

Use of Alternative Performance Measures (APM) 
As detailed in the Strategic Report, the Group uses certain key performance indicators which, although not defined under IFRS, provide useful 
information and aim to enhance understanding of the Group's performance. The key performance indicators should be considered 
complementary to, rather than a substitute for, financial measures defined under IFRS. Note 36 provides details of how these key performance 
indicators reconcile to the results reported under IFRS. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
200 

201 

Notes to the financial statements 

2 Critical accounting estimates and judgements in applying 
accounting policies 

The Group makes estimates and judgements that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities. Estimates and judgements are regularly 
reviewed and based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under 
the circumstances. During 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic developed rapidly with far-reaching impacts across the global economy and the 
insurance industry. Management has considered the effects of Covid-19 and actions taken by Government's in its estimates and judgements. 
Specifically, insurance liabilities reflect management’s best estimate of claims directly related to Covid-19. Valuations incorporate market 
conditions as at 31 December 2020 and recoverability of intangible assets has been tested where the value of these intangible assets is 
sensitive to prevailing economic conditions. 

(a) Critical judgements in applying the Group’s accounting policies 
The following are the critical judgements, apart from those involving estimations which are dealt with separately below, that the directors have 
made in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies and that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the 
financial statements: 

Pension and other post-employment benefits 
The Group's pension and other post-employment benefit obligations are discounted at a rate set by reference to market yields at the end of the 
reporting period on high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms to 
maturity approximating the terms of the related pension liability. Judgement is required when setting the criteria for bonds to be included in the 
population from which the yield curve is derived. The most significant criteria considered for the selection of bonds includes the nature and 
quality of the corporate bonds and the identification of outliers which are excluded. Further details are disclosed in note 19. 

The Group also applies judgement in determining the extent to which a surplus in a defined benefit plan can be recognised in the statement of 
financial position. Judgement is required in determining the maximum future economic benefit available in the form of a refund or as a reduction 
in future contributions in accordance with International Financial Interpretations Committee Interpretation 14 (IFRIC 14). 

Notes to the financial statements 
2 Critical accounting estimates and judgements in applying accounting policies 
(continued) 

The following items are considered key estimates and assumptions which, if actual results differ from those predicted, may have significant 
impact on the following year’s financial statements: 

The ultimate liability arising from claims made under general business insurance contracts 
The estimation of the ultimate liability arising from claims made under general business insurance contracts is a critical accounting estimate. 
There is uncertainty as to the total number of claims made on each business class, the amounts that such claims will be settled for and the 
timing of any such payments. There are various sources of estimation uncertainty as to how much the Group will ultimately pay with respect to 
such contracts. Such uncertainty includes: 

-

-

- whether a claim event has occurred or not and how much it will ultimately settle for; 
-

variability in the speed with which claims are notified and in the time taken to settle them, especially complex cases resolved through the 
courts; 
changes in the business portfolio affecting factors such as the number of claims and their typical settlement costs, which may differ 
significantly from past patterns; 

- new types of claim, including latent claims, which arise from time to time; 
-

changes in legislation and court attitudes to compensation, including the discount rate applied in assessing lump sums, which may apply 
retrospectively; 
the way in which certain reinsurance contracts (principally liability) will be interpreted in relation to unusual/latent claims where aggregation 
of claimants and exposure over time are issues; and 

- whether all such reinsurances will remain in force over the long term. 

The uncertainties surrounding the estimates of claims payments for the various classes of business are discussed further in note 3, and where 
discount rates have been applied these are disclosed in note 28(a). General business insurance liabilities include a margin for risk and 
uncertainty in addition to the best estimates for future claims. The sensitivity of profit or loss to changes in the ultimate settlement cost of 
claims reserves is presented in note 28(a). 

Future benefit payments arising from life insurance contracts 
The determination of the liabilities under life insurance contracts is dependent on estimates made by the Group. 

Unlisted equity securities 
The value of unlisted equity securities, where there is no active market and therefore no observable market price, are classified as level 3 
financial assets. This requires the Group to make judgements in respect of the most appropriate valuation technique to apply. Further details, 
including the amounts recognised within the financial statements which are impacted by these judgements are shown in note 4(b). 

Estimates are made as to the expected number of deaths for each of the years in which the Group is exposed to risk. The Group bases these 
estimates on standard industry and national mortality tables, adjusted to reflect recent historical mortality experience of the Group's portfolio, 
with allowance also being made for expected future mortality improvements where prudent. The estimated mortality rates are used to determine 
forecast benefit payments net of forecast premium receipts. 

Goodwill impairment 
Goodwill is allocated to a cash-generating unit (CGU) and assessed annually for impairment. The CGU is defined in accordance with IAS 36. 
Judgement is required when assessing which assets and liabilities form part of the CGU, particularly in assessing the level of excess cash held 
above the working capital requirements of the CGU. 

Leases 
In determining the lease term, consideration is given to all facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive to exercise an extension 
option or not exercise a termination option. Extension options are only included in the lease term if the lease is reasonably certain to be 
extended. 

Most extension options have not been included in the lease liability because the Group could replace the assets without significant cost or 
business disruption. 

The lease term is reassessed if an option is exercised (or not exercised) or the Group becomes obliged to exercise (or not exercise) it. The 
assessment of reasonable certainty is only revised if a significant event or change in circumstances occurs, which affects this assessment and 
is within the control of the Group. 

(b) Key sources of estimation uncertainty 
In applying the Group’s accounting policies various transactions and balances are valued using estimates or assumptions. All estimates are 
based on management’s knowledge of current facts and circumstances, assumptions based on that knowledge and their predictions of future 
events and actions. 

There is uncertainty as to the economic effect that Brexit and Covid-19 will have in both the short and long term. The key estimates and 
assumptions set out below include variables which may be impacted (either positively or negatively) by these. These include but are not limited 
to discount rate, inflation, long-term economic growth rate and investment market returns. 

Estimates are also made as to future investment returns arising from the assets backing life insurance contracts. These estimates are based on 
current market returns as well as expectations about future economic and financial developments. 

In addition to the best estimates of future deaths, inflation, investment returns and administration expenses, margins for risk and uncertainty are 
added to these assumptions in calculating the liabilities of life insurance contracts. The sensitivity of profit or loss to changes in the assumptions 
is presented in note 28(b)(iii). 

Pension and other post-employment benefits 
The cost of these benefits and the present value of the pension and other post-employment benefit liabilities depend on factors that are 
determined on an actuarial basis using a number of assumptions. The assumptions used in determining the charge to profit or loss for these 
benefits include the discount rate and, in the case of the post-employment medical benefits, expected medical expense inflation. Any changes 
in these assumptions will impact profit or loss and may affect planned funding of the pension plans. 

The effect of movements in the actuarial assumptions during the year, including discount rate, mortality, inflation, salary and medical expense 
inflation assumptions, on the pension and other post-employment liabilities are recognised in other comprehensive income. An explanation of 
the actuarial gains recognised in the current year is included in note 19. The Group determines an appropriate discount rate at the end of each 
year, to be used to determine the present value of estimated future cash outflows expected to be required to settle the pension and other post-
employment benefit obligations. 

The expected rate of medical expense inflation is determined by comparing the historical relationship of medical expense increases over a 
portfolio of UK-based post-retirement medical plans with the rate of inflation, making an allowance for the size of the plan and actual medical 
expense experience. Other key assumptions for the pension and post-employment benefit costs and credits are based in part on current market 
conditions. Additional information including the sensitivity of pension and post-employment medical benefit scheme liabilities to changes in the 
key assumptions is disclosed in note 19. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
202 

203 

Notes to the financial statements 
2 Critical accounting estimates and judgements in applying accounting policies 
(continued) 

Unlisted equity securities 
The valuation of unlisted equity securities requires estimates to be made for the illiquidity discount and credit rating discount. Further details, 
including the sensitivity of the valuation to these inputs, are shown in note 4(b). 

Carrying value of goodwill 
Goodwill is tested annually for impairment as detailed in the Group’s accounting policies. In order to calculate the value in use under this policy, 
the Group is required to make an estimation of the future cash flows expected to arise from the business unit, an appropriate long-term growth 
rate to apply to the cash flows and a suitable discount rate to calculate the present value. Further details on these estimates and sensitivities of 
the carrying value of goodwill to these estimates are provided in note 17. 

Notes to the financial statements 

3 Insurance risk 

Through its general and life insurance operations, the Group is exposed to a number of risks, as summarised in the Risk Management section of 
the Strategic Report. The risk under any one insurance contract is the possibility that the insured event occurs and the uncertainty of the 
amount and timing of the resulting claim. Factors such as the business and product mix, the external environment including market competition 
and reinsurance capacity all may vary from year to year, along with the actual frequency, severity and ultimate cost of claims and benefits. This 
subjects the Group to underwriting and pricing risk (the risk of failing to ensure disciplined risk selection and to obtain the appropriate 
premium), claims reserving risk (the risk of  actual  claims  payments  exceeding the  amount  we are holding in reserves) and reinsurance risk 
(the risk of failing to access and manage reinsurance capacity at a reasonable price). 

(a) Risk mitigation 

Statistics demonstrate that the larger and more diversified the portfolio of insurance contracts, the smaller the relative variability in the expected 
outcome will be. The Group’s underwriting strategy is designed to ensure that the underwritten risks are well diversified in terms of type and 
amount of risk and geographical spread. In all operations pricing controls are in place, underpinned by sound statistical analysis, market 
expertise and appropriate external consultant advice. Gross and net underwriting exposure is protected through the use of a comprehensive 
programme of reinsurance using both proportional and non-proportional reinsurance, supported by proactive claims handling. The overall 
reinsurance structure is regularly reviewed and modelled to ensure that it remains optimum to the Group's needs. The optimum reinsurance 
structure provides the Group with sustainable, long-term capacity to support its specialist business strategy, with effective balance sheet and 
profit and loss protection at a reasonable cost. 

Catastrophe protection is purchased following an extensive annual modelling exercise of gross and net (of proportional reinsurance) exposures. 
In conjunction with reinsurance brokers the Group utilises the full range of proprietary catastrophe models and continues to develop bespoke 
modelling options that better reflect the specialist nature of the portfolio. Reinsurance is purchased in line with the Group's risk appetite. 

(b) Concentrations of risk 
The core business of the Group is general insurance, with the principal classes of business written being property and liability. The 
miscellaneous financial loss class of business covers personal accident, fidelity guarantee and loss of money, income and licence. The other 
class of business includes cover of legal expenses and also a small portfolio of motor policies, but this has been in run-off in the United 
Kingdom since November 2012. The Group's whole-of-life insurance policies support funeral planning products. 

The table below summarises written premiums for the financial year, before and after reinsurance, by territory and by class of business: 

2020 

Group 

Territory 
United Kingdom and Ireland 

Australia 

Canada 

Total 

Parent 

Territory 
United Kingdom and Ireland 

Canada 

Total 

General insurance 

Life insurance 

Property 
£000 

Liability 
£000 

Miscellaneous 
financial 
loss 
£000 

Other  Funeral plans 
£000 
£000 

Total 
£000 

Gross 
Net 
Gross 
Net 
Gross 
Net 
Gross 
Net 

Gross 
Net 
Gross 
Net
Gross 
Net 

203,921 
107,458 
48,665 
7,299 
51,920 
35,846 
304,506 
150,603 

203,922 
107,458 
51,920 
35,846 
255,842 
143,304 

57,634 
55,095 
29,279 
24,840 
24,033
22,425
110,946 
102,360 

57,634 
55,095 
24,033
22,425 
81,667 
77,520 

16,273 
9,080 
1,332 
1,283 
 -
 -
17,605 
10,363 

16,273 
9,080 
 -
-
16,273 
9,080 

3,328 
716 
902
171
-
-
4,230 
887 

4,005 
752 
-
-
4,005 
752 

12 
12 
 -
 -
-
-
12 
12 

-
-
-
-
-
-

281,168 
172,361 
80,178 
33,593 
75,953 
58,271 
437,299 
264,225 

281,834 
172,385 
75,953
58,271 
357,787
230,656 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
3 Insurance risk (continued) 

Notes to the financial statements 
3 Insurance risk (continued) 

204 

205 

2019 

Group 

Territory 
United Kingdom and Ireland 

Australia 

Canada 

Total 

Parent 

Territory 
United Kingdom and Ireland 

Canada 

Total 

General insurance 

Life insurance 

Property 
£000 

Liability 
£000 

Miscellaneous 
financial 
loss 
£000 

Other 
£000 

Funeral plans 
£000 

Total 
£000 

Gross 
Net 
Gross 
Net 
Gross 
Net 
Gross 
Net 

Gross 
Net 
Gross 
Net 
Gross 
Net 

185,567 
100,233 
42,331 
5,083 
44,079 
30,902 
271,977 
136,218 

185,567 
100,233 
44,079 
30,902 
229,646 
131,135 

56,323 
53,773 
24,412 
21,053 
20,378 
18,898
101,113
93,724 

56,323 
53,773 
20,378 
18,898
76,701
72,671 

15,534 
9,147 
1,245 
1,198 
-
 -
16,779 
10,345 

15,534 
9,147 
-
 -
15,534 
9,147 

3,227 
622 
869 
170 
-
-
4,096 
792 

3,227 
611 
-
-
3,227 
611 

(13) 
(13) 
-
-
-
-
(13) 
(13) 

-
-
-
-
-
-

260,638 
163,762 
68,857 
27,504 
64,457 
49,800 
393,952 
241,066 

260,651 
163,764 
64,457 
49,800 
325,108 
213,564 

(c) General insurance risks 
Property classes 
Property cover mainly compensates the policyholder for damage suffered to their property or for the value of property lost. Property insurance 
may also include cover for pecuniary loss through the inability to use damaged insured commercial properties. 

For property insurance contracts, there can be variability in the nature, number and size of claims made in each period. 

The nature of claims may include fire, business interruption, weather damage, escape of water, explosion (after fire), riot and malicious damage, 
subsidence, accidental damage, theft and earthquake. Subsidence claims are particularly difficult to predict because the damage is often not 
apparent for some time. The ultimate settlements can be small or large with a risk of a settled claim being reopened at a later date. 

The number of claims made can be affected in particular by weather events, changes in climate, economic environment, and crime rates. 
Climate change may give rise to more frequent and extreme weather events, such as river flooding, hurricanes and drought, and their 
consequences, for example, subsidence claims. If a weather event happens near the end of the financial year, the uncertainty about ultimate 
claims cost in the financial statements is much higher because there is insufficient time for adequate data to be received to assess the final 
cost of claims. 

Individual claims can vary in amount since the risks insured are diverse in both size and nature. The cost of repairing property varies according to 
the extent of damage, cost of materials and labour charges. 

Contracts are underwritten on a reinstatement basis or repair and restoration basis as appropriate. Costs of rebuilding properties, of 
replacement or indemnity for contents and time taken to bring business operations back to pre-loss levels for business interruption are the key 
factors that influence the cost of claims. Individual large claims are more likely to arise from fire, storm or flood damage. The greatest likelihood 
of an aggregation of claims arises from earthquake, weather or major spreading fire events. 

Claims payment, on average, occurs within a year of the event that gives rise to the claim. However, there is variability around this average with 
larger claims typically taking longer to settle and business interruption claims taking much longer depending on the length of the indemnity 
period involved. 

Liability classes 
The main exposures are in respect of liability insurance contracts which protect policyholders from the liability to compensate injured employees 
(employers' liability) and third parties (public liability). 

Claims that may arise from the liability portfolios include damage to property, physical injury, disease and psychological trauma. The Group has a 
different exposure profile to most other commercial lines insurance companies as it has lower exposure to industrial risks. Therefore, claims for 
industrial diseases are less common for the Group than injury claims such as slips, trips and back injuries. 

The frequency and severity of claims arising on liability insurance contracts can be affected by several factors. Most significant are the 
increasing level of awards for damages suffered, legal costs and the potential for periodic payment awards. 

The severity of bodily injury claims can be influenced particularly by the value of loss of earnings and the future cost of care. The settlement 
value of claims arising under public and employers' liability is particularly difficult to predict. There is often uncertainty as to the extent and type 
of injury, whether any payments will be made and, if they are, the amount and timing of the payments, including the discount rate applied for 
assessing lump sums. Key factors driving the high levels of uncertainty include the late notification of possible claim events and the legal 
process. 

Late notification of possible claims necessitates the holding of provisions for incurred claims that may only emerge some years into the future. 
In particular, the effect of inflation over such a long period can be considerable and is uncertain. A lack of comparable past experience may 
make it difficult to quantify the number of claims and, for certain types of claims, the amounts for which they will ultimately settle. The legal and 
legislative framework continues to evolve, which has a consequent impact on the uncertainty as to the length of the claims settlement process 
and the ultimate settlement amounts. 

Claims payment, on average, occurs about three to four years after the event that gives rise to the claim. However, there is significant variability 
around this average. 

Provisions for latent claims 
The public and employers’ liability classes can give rise to very late reported claims, which are often referred to as latent claims. These can vary 
in nature and are difficult to predict. They typically emerge slowly over many years, during which time there can be particular uncertainty as to 
the number of future potential claims and their cost. The Group has reflected this uncertainty and believes that it holds adequate reserves for 
latent claims that may result from exposure periods up to the reporting date. 

Note 28 presents the development of the estimate of ultimate claim cost for public and employers' liability claims occurring in a given year. This 
gives an indication of the accuracy of the estimation technique for incurred claims. 

(d) Life insurance risks 
The Group provides whole-of-life insurance policies to support funeral planning products, for most of which the future benefits are linked to 
inflation and backed by index-linked assets. Although assets are well matched to liabilities, there is a risk that returns on assets held to back 
liabilities are insufficient to meet future claims payments, particularly if the timing of claims is different from that assumed. This is not one of the 
Group's principal risks and new policies are no longer being written in the life fund, with only minimal premiums now being received each year. 

Uncertainty in the estimation of the timing of future claims arises from the unpredictability of long-term changes in overall levels of mortality. 
The Group bases these estimates on standard industry and national mortality tables and its own experience. The most significant factors that 
could alter the expected mortality rates profile are epidemics, widespread changes in lifestyle and continued improvement in medical science 
and social conditions. The primary risk on these contracts is the level of future investment returns on the assets backing the liabilities over the 
life of the policyholders. The interest rate and inflation risk within this has been largely mitigated by holding index-linked assets of a similar term 
to the expected liabilities profile. The main residual risk is the spread risk attached to corporate bonds held to match the liabilities. The Group 
holds a reserve to meet the costs of future expenses in running the life business and administration of the policies. There is a risk that this is 
insufficient to meet the expenses incurred in future periods. The small mortality risk is retained by the Group. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 

Notes to the financial statements 
4 Financial risk and capital management (continued) 

4 Financial risk and capital management 

(ii) Categories of financial assets applying IFRS 9 

206 

207 

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The Group is exposed to financial risk through its financial assets, financial liabilities, reinsurance assets and insurance liabilities. In particular, the key financial 
risk is that the proceeds from its financial assets are not sufficient to fund the obligations arising from its insurance contracts. The most important components of 
financial risk are interest rate risk, credit risk, equity price and currency risk. 

There has been no change from the prior period in the nature of the financial risks to which the Group is exposed. Despite the conclusion of Brexit and the US 
election at the end of 2020 and Covid-19 vaccine programmes, uncertainty remains in relation to the economic risks to which the Group is exposed, including 
equity price volatility, movements in exchange rates and long-term UK growth prospects. The Group's management and measurement of financial risks is 
informed by either stochastic modelling or stress testing techniques. 

(a) Categories of financial instruments 
(i) Categories applying IAS 39 

Financial assets 

Hedge 

Financial liabilities 
Hedge 

Group 

At 31 December 2020 
Financial investments 
Other assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Lease obligations
Other liabilities
Net other
Total 

At 31 December 2019
Financial investments 
Other assets
Cash and cash equivalents 
Lease obligations 
Other liabilities 
Net other 
Total 

Parent 

At 31 December 2020
Financial investments 
Other assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Lease obligations
Other liabilities 
Net other
Total 

At 31 December 2019 
Financial investments 
Other assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Lease obligations
Other liabilities
Net other
Total 

Designated  Held for  Loans and  accounted  Held for 
trading 
at fair value 
£000 
£000 

trading  receivables  derivatives 
£000 
£000 

£000 

Financial 
liabilities* 
£000 

accounted  Other assets 
derivaties  and liabilities 
£000 

£000 

Total 
£000 

817,551 
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
817,551 

848,573 
 -
-
-
-
-
848,573

586,804 
-
-
 -
-
 -
586,804 

638,088
-
-
 -
 -
 -
638,088 

2,079 
-
-
-
-
-
2,079 

3,061
-
-
-
-
-
3,061 

2,079 
-
-
-
-
-
2,079 

3,311
-
-
-
-
-
3,311 

746 
211,475
104,429
-
-
-
316,650 

5,770 
173,996 
74,775
-
-
-
254,541

746
157,239
59,466
-
-
-
217,451

5,766
130,220 
42,248 
-
-
-
178,234 

401
 -
 -
-
-
-
401

509
-
 -
-
-
-
509 

401 
 -
 -
-
-
-
401

259 
-
-
-
-
-
259 

 -
-
-
-
-
-
 -

 -
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-

(1,244) 

-

(1,244) 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-

(25,450) 
(80,224) 

-

-
-
-
-

(1,244) 

-

(105,674) 

(1,244) 

-
-
-
(12,923)
(65,634) 

-

(78,557) 

-
-
-

(22,838) 
(44,008) 

-
(66,846)

-
-
-
(10,328)
(36,543) 

-
(46,871)

-
-
-
 -
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
 -

-
-
-
 -
-
-
 -

-
5,095 
-
-

820,777 
216,570 
104,429 
(25,450) 
(93,561) 
(12,093) 
(453,537) 
(453,537) 
(460,535)  569,228 

-
4,362
-
-

(11,318) 
(413,636) 
(420,592)

857,913 
178,358 
74,775 
(12,923)
(76,952) 
(413,636) 
607,535

60,757
3,875
-
-

650,787
161,114 
59,466 
(22,838) 
(55,087) 
(9,835) 
(312,022) 
(312,022) 
(257,225)  481,420 

49,729
3,573
-
-
(9,023)
(292,543) 
(248,264)

697,153 
133,793 
42,248 
(10,328)
(45,566) 
(292,543) 
524,757 

* Financial liabilities are held at amortised cost. 

The carrying value of those financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value in the financial statements is considered to approximate to their fair value. 

As disclosed in note 1, the Group has chosen to defer application of IFRS 9 and classifies and measures financial instruments using IAS 39. To 
facilitate comparison with entities applying IFRS 9, the table below sets out the Group's financial assets at the balance sheet date, split between 
those which have contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding (SPPI), other than those 
which are held for trading or whose performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, and all other financial assets. 

Group 

2020 

Other 

2019 

SPPI financial 
assets 
£000 

financial  Total financial 
assets 
£000 

assets 
£000 

SPPI financial 
assets 
£000 

Other financial 
assets
£000 

Total financial 
assets 
£000 

Financial investments 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Other financial assets
Total fair value

 746 
104,429 
211,475 
 316,650 

Parent 

820,031 

-
-

820,031 

2020 

Other 

820,777 
104,429
211,475
1,136,681 

5,770 
74,775 
173,996 
254,541 

857,913 
74,775 
173,996 
1,106,684 

852,143 

-
-

852,143 

2019 

SPPI financial 
assets 
£000 

financial  Total financial 
assets 
£000 

assets 
£000 

SPPI financial  Other financial 
assets 
£000 

assets 
£000 

Total financial 
assets
£000 

Financial investments
Cash and cash equivalents
Other financial assets 
Total fair value 

 746 
 59,466 
157,239 
217,451 

589,284 

-
-
589,284 

590,030 
59,466
157,239 
806,735 

5,766 
 42,248 
130,220 
178,234 

641,658 

-
-
641,658 

647,424 
42,248 
130,220 
819,892 

There has been a £62,109,000 increase (2019: £13,925,000 decrease) in the fair value of SPPI financial assets of the Group, and a 
£32,112,000 decrease (2019: £63,099,000 increase) in the fair value of other financial assets of the Group during the reporting period. There 
has been a £39,217,000 increase (2019: £17,038,000 decrease) in the fair value of SPPI financial assets of the Parent, and a £52,374,000 
decrease (2019: £65,237,000 increase) in the fair value of other financial assets of the Parent during the reporting period. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
4 Financial risk and capital management (continued) 

Notes to the financial statements 
4 Financial risk and capital management (continued) 

208 

209 

(b) Fair value hierarchy 
The fair value measurement basis used to value those financial assets and financial liabilities held at fair value is categorised into a fair value 
hierarchy as follows: 

Level 1: fair values measured using quoted bid prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. This category includes 
listed equities in active markets, listed debt securities in active markets and exchange-traded derivatives. 

Level 2: fair values measured using inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either 
directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices). This category includes listed debt or equity securities in a market that is not active 
and derivatives that are not exchange-traded. 

Level 3: fair values measured using inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). This 
category includes unlisted debt and equities, including investments in venture capital, and suspended securities. Where a look-through 
valuation approach is applied, underlying net asset values are sourced from the investee, translated into the Group's functional currency and 
adjusted to reflect illiquidity where appropriate, with the fair values disclosed being directly sensitive to this input. 

There have been no transfers between investment categories in the current year. 

Analysis of fair value measurement bases 

Group 

At 31 December 2020 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Financial investments
 Equity securities
 Debt securities
 Derivatives
 Hedged accounted derivatives 
Total financial assets at fair value 

At 31 December 2019 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Financial investments
 Equity securities
 Debt securities
 Derivatives
 Hedged accounted derivatives 
Total financial assets at fair value 

Fair value measurement at the 
end of the reporting period based on 

Level 1 
£000 

Level 2 
£000 

Level 3 
£000 

262,014 
493,601 
-
-
755,615 

289,165 
490,911 
-
-
780,076 

185 
1,512 
2,079 
401 
4,177 

190 
1,200 
3,061
509 
4,960 

59,687 
552 
-
-
60,239 

66,703 
404 
 -
-
67,107 

Total 
£000 

321,886 
495,665 
2,079 
401 
820,031 

356,058 
492,515 
3,061 
509 
852,143 

Parent 

At 31 December 2020 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Financial investments
 Equity securities
 Debt securities
 Derivatives 
Hedged accounted derivatives 
Total financial assets at fair value 

At 31 December 2019 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Financial investments
 Equity securities
 Debt securities
 Derivatives 
Hedged accounted derivatives 
Total financial assets at fair value 

Fair value measurement at the 
end of the reporting period based on 

Level 1 
£000 

Level 2 
£000 

Level 3 
£000 

238,150 
287,252 
-
-
525,402 

263,478 
306,661 
-
-
570,139 

185 
1,158 
2,079 
401 
3,823 

190 
832 
3,311 
259 
4,592 

59,507 
552
-
-
60,059 

66,523 
404 
-
-
66,927 

Total 
£000 

297,842 
288,962 
2,079 
401 
589,284 

330,191 
307,897 
3,311 
259 
641,658 

The derivative liabilities of the Group are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. The derivative liabilities of the Parent in 
the current year were measured at fair value through profit or loss. Derivative liabilities are categorised as level 2 (see note 23). 

Fair value measurements based on level 3 
Fair value measurements in level 3 for both the Group and Parent consist of financial assets, analysed as follows: 

Group 

At 31 December 2020 
Opening balance 
Total (losses)/gains recognised in profit or loss 
Closing balance 
Total (losses)/gains for the period included in profit or loss for assets 
held at the end of the reporting period 

At 31 December 2019 
Opening balance 
Total gains recognised in profit or loss 
Purchases 
Closing balance 
Total gains for the period included in profit or loss for assets 
held at the end of the reporting period 

Financial assets at fair value 
through profit and loss 

Equity 
securities 
£000 

Debt 
securities 
£000 

66,703 
(7,015) 
59,688 

404 
147 
551 

Total 
£000 

67,107 
(6,868) 
60,239 

(7,015) 

147 

(6,868) 

44,773
7,538 
14,392 
66,703 

7,539 

261 
143 
-
404 

143 

45,034
7,681 
14,392 
67,107 

7,682 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
210 

211 

Notes to the financial statements 
4 Financial risk and capital management (continued) 

Parent 

At 31 December 2020 
Opening balance 
Total (losses)/gains recognised in profit or loss 
Closing balance 
Total (losses)/gains for the period included in profit or loss for assets 
held at the end of the reporting period 

At 31 December 2019 
Opening balance 
Total gains recognised in profit or loss 
Purchases 
Closing balance 
Total gains for the period included in profit or loss for assets 
held at the end of the reporting period 

Financial assets at fair value 
through profit and loss 

Equity 
securities 
£000 

Debt 
securities 
£000 

66,523 
(7,015) 
59,508 

404 
147 
551 

Total 
£000 

66,927 
(6,868) 
60,059 

(7,015) 

147 

(6,868) 

44,771 
7,539 
14,213 
66,523 

7,539 

261 
143 
-
404 

143 

45,032 
7,682 
14,213 
66,927 

7,682 

All the above gains or losses included in profit or loss for the period (for both the Group and Parent) are presented in net investment return 
within the statement of profit or loss. 

Notes to the financial statements 
4 Financial risk and capital management (continued) 

(c) Interest rate risk 
The Group’s exposure to interest rate risk arises primarily from movements on financial investments that are measured at fair value and have 
fixed interest rates, which represent a significant proportion of the Group’s assets, and from those insurance liabilities for which discounting is 
applied at a market interest rate. The Group's investment strategy is set in order to control the impact of interest rate risk on anticipated cash 
flows and asset and liability values. The fair value of the Group's investment portfolio of fixed income securities reduces as market interest rates 
rise as does the present value of discounted insurance liabilities, and vice versa. 

Interest rate risk concentration is reduced by adopting asset-liability duration matching principles where appropriate. Excluding assets held to 
back the life business, the average duration of the Group’s fixed income portfolio is three years (2019: three years), reflecting the relatively 
short-term average duration of its general insurance liabilities. The mean term of discounted general insurance liabilities is disclosed in note 
28(a)(iv). 

For the Group’s life business, consisting of policies to support funeral planning products, benefits payable to policyholders are independent of 
the returns generated by interest-bearing assets. Therefore, the interest rate risk on the invested assets supporting these liabilities is borne by 
the Group. This risk is mitigated by purchasing fixed interest investments with durations that match the profile of the liabilities. For funeral plan 
policies, benefits are linked to the Retail Prices Index (RPI). Assets backing these liabilities are also linked to the RPI, and include index-linked 
gilts and corporate bonds. For practical purposes it is not possible to exactly match the durations due to the uncertain profile of liabilities (e.g. 
mortality risk) and the availability of suitable assets, therefore some interest rate risk will persist. The Group monitors its exposure by comparing 
projected cash flows for these assets and liabilities and making appropriate adjustments to its investment portfolio. 

The valuation techniques used for instruments categorised in levels 2 and 3 are described below. 

The table below summarises the maturities of life business assets and liabilities that are exposed to interest rate risk. 

Listed debt and equity securities not in active market (level 2) 
These financial assets are valued using third-party pricing information that is regularly reviewed and internally calibrated based on management's 
knowledge of the markets. 

Non-exchange-traded derivative contracts (level 2) 
The Group's derivative contracts are not traded in active markets. Foreign currency forward contracts are valued using observable forward 
exchange rates corresponding to the maturity of the contract and the contract forward rate. Over-the-counter equity or index options and futures 
are valued by reference to observable index prices. 

Unlisted equity securities (level 3) 
These financial assets are valued using observable net asset data, adjusted for unobservable inputs including comparable price-to-book ratios 
based on similar listed companies, and management's consideration of constituents as to what exit price might be obtainable. 

The valuation is sensitive to the level of underlying net assets, the Euro exchange rate, the price-to-book ratio, an illiquidity discount and a credit 
rating discount applied to the valuation to account for the risks associated with holding the asset. If the illiquidity discount or credit rating discount 
applied changes by +/-10%, the value of unlisted equity securities could move by +/-£7m (2019: +/-£7m). 

Unlisted debt (level 3) 
Unlisted debt is valued using an adjusted net asset method whereby management uses a look-through approach to the underlying assets 
supporting the loan, discounted using observable market interest rates of similar loans with similar risk, and allowing for unobservable future 
transaction costs. 

The valuation is most sensitive to the level of underlying net assets, but it is also sensitive to the interest rate used for discounting and the 
projected date of disposal of the asset, with the exit costs sensitive to an expected return on capital of any purchaser and estimated transaction 
costs. Reasonably likely changes in unobservable inputs used in the valuation would not have a significant impact on shareholders' equity or the 
net result. 

Group life business 

At 31 December 2020 
Assets 
Debt securities 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Liabilities (discounted) 
Life business provision

At 31 December 2019 
Assets 
Debt securities 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Liabilities (discounted) 
Life business provision 

Within 
1 year 
£000 

Maturity 
Between 
1 & 5 years 
£000 

After 
5 years 
£000 

Total 
£000 

6,083 
4,692
10,775 

30,161 
 -
30,161 

61,665 
-
61,665 

97,909 
4,692 
102,601 

5,103 

18,045 

53,709 

76,857 

6,066 
2,584 
8,650 

28,732 
-
28,732

65,093 
-
65,093 

99,891 
2,584 
102,475 

5,517 

19,223 

54,472 

79,212 

Group financial investments with variable interest rates, including cash and cash equivalents, and insurance instalment receivables are subject 
to cash flow interest rate risk. This risk is not significant to the Group. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
4 Financial risk and capital management (continued) 

Notes to the financial statements 
4 Financial risk and capital management (continued) 

212 

213 

(d) Credit risk 
The Group has exposure to credit risk, which is the risk of non-payment of their obligations by counterparties and financial markets borrowers. 
Areas where the Group is exposed to credit risk are: 

-

-

-

-

counterparty default on loans and debt securities; 

deposits held with banks; 

reinsurers’ share of insurance liabilities (excluding provision for unearned premiums) and amounts due from reinsurers in 
respect of claims already paid; and 

amounts due from insurance intermediaries and policyholders. 

The Group is exposed to minimal credit risk in relation to all other financial assets. 

The carrying amount of financial and reinsurance assets represents the Group's maximum exposure to credit risk. The Group structures the 
levels of credit risk it accepts by placing limits on its exposure to a single counterparty. Limits on the level of credit risk are regularly reviewed. 
Where available the Group also manages its exposure to credit risk in relation to credit risk ratings. Investment grade financial assets are 
classified within the range of AAA to BBB ratings, where AAA is the highest possible rating. Financial assets which fall outside this range are 
classified as sub-investment grade. ‘Not rated’ assets capture assets not rated by external ratings agencies. 

The following table provides information regarding the credit risk exposure of financial assets with external credit ratings from Standard & 
Poors or an equivalent rating from a similar agency. This includes financial assets that meet the definition of 'solely payments of principal and 
interest' (SPPI), as detailed in note 4(a)(ii). 

Group 

At 31 December 2020 
AAA 
AA 
A 
BBB 
Below BBB 
Not rated 

At 31 December 2019 
AAA 
AA 
A 
BBB 
Below BBB 
Not rated 

Cash and cash 
equivalents* 

Reinsurance  Other financial 
assets 

debtors 

Total SPPI  Debt securities 

SPPI 

Non-SPPI 

£000 
 -
36,319 
16,753 
51,351 
-
6 
104,429 

-
19,760 
17,269 
42,713 
-
7 
79,749 

£000 
-
1,986 
8,564 
3 
-
452 
11,005 

-
1,286 
8,856 
3 
-
1,032 
11,177 

£000
-
-
-
-
-
201,216 
201,216 

-
-
-
-
-
163,615 
163,615 

£000 
 -
38,305 
25,317 
51,354 
 -
201,674 
316,650 

-
21,046 
26,125 
42,716 
 -
164,654 
254,541 

£000
128,037 
130,285 
125,745 
94,101
8,997 
8,500 
495,665 

113,359 
138,341 
132,419 
89,563
9,537 
9,296 
492,515 

*Cash includes amounts held on deposit classified within financial investments and disclosed in note 22. Cash balances which are not rated relate to cash amounts in 
hand. 

Parent 

At 31 December 2020 
AAA
AA 
A 
BBB 
Below BBB
Not rated 

At 31 December 2019 
AAA
AA 
A 
BBB 
Below BBB
Not rated 

Cash and cash 
equivalents* 

Reinsurance  Other financial 
assets 

debtors 

Total SPPI  Debt securities 

SPPI 

Non-SPPI 

£000 
 -
15,726 
12,151 
31,584 
 -
5 
59,466 

 -
8,540 
14,748 
23,927 
 -
7 
47,222 

£000 
-
1,592 
3,008 
3 
-
338 
4,941 

-
783 
2,865 
3 
-
272 
3,923 

£000 
-
-
-
-
-
153,044 
153,044 

-
-
-
-
-
127,089 
127,089 

£000 
-
17,318 
15,159 
31,587 
-
153,387 
217,451 

-
9,323 
17,613 
23,930 
-
127,368 
178,234 

£000 
72,697 
51,769 
96,351 
55,456 
5,539 
7,150 
288,962 

72,366 
73,979 
97,184 
51,712 
4,560 
8,096 
307,897 

*Cash includes amounts held on deposit classified within financial investments and disclosed in note 22. Cash balances which are not rated relate to cash amounts 
in hand. 

For financial assets meeting the SPPI test that do not have low credit risk, the carrying amount disclosed above is an approximation of their fair 
value. 

Group cash balances are regularly reviewed to identify the quality of the counterparty bank and to monitor and limit concentrations of risk. 

The debt securities portfolio consists of a range of mainly fixed interest instruments including government securities, local authority issues, 
corporate loans and bonds, overseas bonds, preference shares and other interest-bearing securities. Limits are imposed on the credit ratings of 
the corporate bond portfolio and exposures regularly monitored. Group investments in unlisted securities represent less than 1% of this 
category in the current and prior year. 

The Group’s exposure to counterparty default on debt securities is spread across a variety of geographical and economic territories, as follows: 

2020 

Group 
£000 

276,914 
108,792
89,661 
20,298 
495,665 

Parent 
£000 

179,003 
-
89,661 
20,298 
288,962 

UK 
Australia 
Canada 
Europe 
Total 

2019 

Group 
£000 

301,225 
84,726
86,293 
20,271 
492,515 

Parent 
£000 

201,333 
-
86,293 
20,271 
307,897 

UK 
Australia 
Canada 
Europe 
Total 

Reinsurance is used to manage insurance risk. This does not, however, discharge the Group's liability as primary insurer. If a reinsurer fails to 
pay a claim for any reason, the Group remains liable for the payment to the policyholder. The creditworthiness of reinsurers is considered on a 
regular basis through the year by reviewing their financial strength. The Group Reinsurance Security Committee assesses, monitors and 
approves the creditworthiness of all reinsurers, reviewing relevant credit ratings provided by the recognised credit rating agencies, as well as 
other publicly available data and market information. The Group Reinsurance Security Committee also monitors the balances outstanding from 
reinsurers and maintains an approved list of reinsurers. 

The Group's credit risk policy details prescriptive methods for the collection of premiums and control of intermediary and policyholder debtor 
balances. The level and age of debtor balances are regularly assessed via monthly credit management reports. These reports are scrutinised to 
assess exposure by geographical region and counterparty of aged or outstanding balances. Any such balances are likely to be major 
international brokers that are in turn monitored via credit reference agencies and considered to pose minimal risk of default. The Group has no 
material concentration of credit risk in respect of amounts due from insurance intermediaries and policyholders. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
4 Financial risk and capital management (continued) 

Notes to the financial statements 
4 Financial risk and capital management (continued) 

214 

215 

(e) Equity price risk 
The Group is exposed to equity price risk because of financial investments held by the Group which are stated at fair value through profit or 
loss. The Group mitigates this risk by holding a diversified portfolio across geographical regions and market sectors, and through the use of 
derivative contracts from time to time which would limit losses in the event of a fall in equity markets. 

The concentration of equity price risk by geographical listing, before the mitigating effect of derivatives, to which the Group and Parent are 
exposed is as follows: 

2020 

Group 
£000 

262,414 
59,287 
185 
321,886 

Parent 
£000 

238,370 
59,287 
185 
297,842 

UK 
Europe 
Hong Kong 
Total 

2019 

Group 
£000 

289,566 
66,302 
190 
356,058 

Parent 
£000 

263,699 
66,302 
190 
330,191 

UK 
Europe 
Hong Kong 
Total 

(f) Currency risk 
The Group operates internationally and its main exposures to foreign exchange risk are noted below. The Group's foreign operations generally 
invest in assets and purchase reinsurance denominated in the same currencies as their insurance liabilities, which mitigates the foreign 
currency exchange rate risk for these operations. As a result, foreign exchange risk arises from recognised assets and liabilities denominated in 
other currencies and net investments in foreign operations. The Group mitigates this risk through the use of derivatives when considered 
necessary. 

The Group exposure to foreign currency risk within the investment portfolios arises from purchased investments that are denominated in 
currencies other than sterling. 

The Group's foreign operations create two sources of foreign currency risk: 

-

the  operating  results  of  the  Group's  foreign  branches  and  subsidiaries  in  the  Group  financial  statements  are  translated  at  the  average 
exchange rates prevailing during the period; and 

-

the equity investment in foreign branches and subsidiaries is translated into sterling using the exchange rate at the year-end date. 

The forward foreign currency risk arising on translation of these foreign operations is hedged by the derivatives which are detailed in note 23. 
The Group has designated certain derivatives as a hedge of its net investments in Canada and Australia, which have Canadian and Australian 
dollars respectively as their functional currency. 

The largest currency exposures, before the mitigating effect of derivatives, with reference to net assets/liabilities are shown below, representing 
effective diversification of resources. 

2020 

Group 
£000 

57,291 
39,621 
23,932 
2,045 
171 

Parent 
£000 

3,089 
39,621 
23,932 
2,045 
171 

Aus $ 
Can $ 
Euro 
USD $ 
HKD $ 

2019 

Group 
£000 

65,305 
41,912 
33,722 
2,028 
176 

Parent 
£000 

65,305 
2,282 
33,722 
2,028 
176 

Euro 
Aus $ 
Can $ 
USD $ 
HKD $ 

The figures in the table above, for the current and prior years, do not include currency risk that the Group and Parent are exposed to on a ‘look 
through’ basis in respect of collective investment schemes denominated in sterling. The Group and Parent enter into derivatives to hedge 
currency exposure, including exposures on a ‘look through’ basis. The open derivatives held by the Group and Parent at the year end to hedge 
currency exposure are detailed in note 23. 

(g) Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that funds may not be available to pay obligations when due. The Group is exposed to daily calls on its available cash 
resources mainly from claims arising from insurance contracts. An estimate of the timing of the net cash outflows resulting from insurance 
contracts is provided in note 28. The Group has robust processes in place to manage liquidity risk and has available cash balances, other readily 
marketable assets and access to funding in case of exceptional need. This is not considered to be a significant risk to the Group. 

Non-derivative financial liabilities consist of lease liabilities, for which a maturity analysis is included in note 32, and other liabilities for which a 
maturity analysis is included in note 31. 

(h) Market risk sensitivity analysis 
The sensitivity of profit and other equity reserves to movements on market risk variables (comprising interest rate, currency and equity price 
risk), each considered in isolation and before the mitigating effect of derivatives, is shown in the table below. This table does not include the 
impact of variables on retirement benefit schemes. Financial risk sensitivities for retirement benefit schemes are disclosed separately in note 
19. 

Group 

Variable 

Interest rate risk 

Currency risk 

Equity price risk 

Parent 

Variable 

Interest rate risk 

Currency risk 

Equity price risk 

Change in 
variable 

-100 basis points 
+100 basis points 
-10% 
+10% 
+/-10% 

Change in 
variable 

-100 basis points 
+100 basis points 
-10% 
+10% 
+/-10% 

Potential increase/ 
(decrease) in profit 

2020 
£000 

(11,896) 
6,153 
2,833 
(2,318) 
26,073 

2019 
£000 

(6,724) 
4,133 
6,330 
(5,179)
28,841

Potential increase/ 
(decrease) in profit 

2020 
£000 

(9,642) 
4,909 
2,833 
(2,318) 
24,125 

2019 
£000 

(5,267) 
3,028 
6,331 
(5,180) 
26,745

Potential increase/ 
(decrease) in 
other equity reserves 

2020 
£000 

(70) 
(44) 
9,715 
(7,948) 

-

2019 
£000 

(25) 
37 
7,628 
(6,241) 

-

Potential increase/ 
(decrease) in 
other equity reserves 

2020 
£000 

(19) 
29 
3,692 
(3,021) 

 -

2019 
£000 

(19) 
29 
3,224 
(2,638) 

-

The following assumptions have been made in preparing the above sensitivity analysis: 

-

-

-

-

the value of fixed income investments will vary inversely with changes in interest rates, and all territories experience the same 
interest rate movement; 

currency gains and losses will arise from a change in the value of sterling against all other currencies moving in parallel; 

equity prices will move by the same percentage across all territories; and 

change in profit is stated net of tax at the standard rate applicable in each of the Group's territories. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
4 Financial risk and capital management (continued) 

(i) Capital management 
The Group's primary objectives when managing capital are to: 

-

-

comply with the regulators' capital requirements of the markets in which the Group operates; and 

safeguard the Group's ability to continue to meet stakeholders' expectations in accordance with its corporate mission, vision and 
values. 

The Group is subject to insurance solvency regulations in all the territories in which it issues insurance and investment contracts, and capital is 
managed and evaluated on the basis of both regulatory and economic capital, at a group and parent entity level. 

In the UK, the Group and its UK regulated entities are required to comply with rules issued by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and the 
Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA). 

Capital is assessed at both individual regulated entity and group level.  The PRA expects a firm, at all times, to hold Solvency II Own Funds in 
excess of its calculated Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR). Group solvency is assessed at the level of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc 
(EIO)’s parent, Ecclesiastical lnsurance Group plc (EIG). Consequently, there is no directly comparable solvency measure for EIO group. Both 
quarterly and annual quantitative returns are submitted to the PRA, in addition to an annual narrative report, the Solvency and Financial 
Condition Report (SFCR) which is also published on the company's website. A further report, the Regular Supervisory Report (RSR) is 
periodically submitted to the PRA. 

The current year figures in the table below are unaudited and based on the latest information provided to management. 

EIO’s Solvency II Own Funds will be subject to a separate independent audit, as part of the Group's process for Solvency II reporting to the PRA. 
EIO’s SCR is not subject to audit as it is calculated using an internal model which has been approved for use by the PRA. ELL’s figures are not 
subject to an independent audit due to the company falling below the threshold calculation detailed in the PRA policy statement PS25/18 
(Solvency II: External audit of the public disclosure requirement). The Group's regulated entities, EIO and ELL, expect to meet the deadline for 
submission to the PRA of 8 April 2021 and their respective SFCRs will be made available on the Group's website shortly thereafter. EIG is also 
expected to meet its deadline for submission to the PRA of 20 May 2021, with its SFCR also being made available on the Group’s website 
shortly after. 

2020 
(unaudited) 

2019 
(unaudited)* 

Ecclesiastical 
Insurance 
Office plc  Ecclesiastical 
Life Limited 
£000 

Parent 
£000 

Ecclesiastical
Insurance 
Office plc 
Parent 
£000 

Ecclesiastical 
Life Limited 
£000 

Solvency II Own Funds 
Solvency Capital Requirement 
Own Funds in excess of Solvency Capital Requirement 

Solvency II Capital Cover 

518,562 
(262,723) 
255,839 

49,259 
(15,394) 
33,865 

570,110 
(264,251) 
305,859 

197% 

320% 

216% 

49,120 
(15,976) 
33,144 

307% 

*Unaudited with the exception of EIO parent's Solvency II Own Funds. 

Economic capital is the Group’s own internal view of the level of capital required, and this measure is an integral part of the Own Risk and 
Solvency Assessment Report (ORSA) which is a private, internal forward-looking assessment of own risk, as required as part of the Solvency II 
regime. Risk appetite is set such that the target level of economic capital is always higher than the regulatory SCR. 

216 

217 

Notes to the financial statements 

5 Segment information 

(a) Operating segments 
The Group segments its business activities on the basis of differences in the products and services offered and, for general insurance, the 
underwriting territory. Expenses relating to Group management activities are included within 'Corporate costs'. This reflects the management 
and internal Group reporting structure. 

The activities of each operating segment are described below. 

- General business 

United Kingdom and Ireland 
The Group's principal general insurance business operation is in the UK, where it operates under the Ecclesiastical and Ansvar 
brands. The Group also operates an Ecclesiastical branch in the Republic of Ireland underwriting general business across the whole 
of Ireland. 

Australia 
The Group has a wholly-owned subsidiary in Australia underwriting general insurance business under the Ansvar brand. 

Canada 
The Group operates a general insurance Ecclesiastical branch in Canada. 

Other insurance operations 
This includes the Group's internal reinsurance function, adverse development cover and operations that are in run-off or not 
reportable due to their immateriality. 

- Investment management 

The Group provides investment management services both internally and to third parties through EdenTree Investment 
Management Limited. 

- Broking and advisory 

The Group provides insurance broking through SEIB Insurance Brokers Limited, financial advisory services through Ecclesiastical 
Financial Advisory Services Limited and risk advisory services through Ansvar Risk Management Services Pty Limited which 
operates in Australia. 

- Life business 

Ecclesiastical Life Limited provides long-term insurance policies to support funeral planning products. It is closed to new business. 

- Corporate costs 

This includes costs associated with Group management activities. 

Inter-segment and inter-territory transfers or transactions are entered into under normal commercial terms and conditions that would also be 
available to unrelated third parties. 

The accounting policies of the operating segments are the same as the Group's accounting policies described in note 1, with the exception of 
the investment management and broking and advisory segments. These segments do not qualify for the temporary exemption from IFRS 9 
available to insurers and as a result have adopted IFRS 9. Consequently, their accounting policies for financial instruments may differ, but all 
other accounting policies are the same as the Group. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
5 Segment information (continued) 

Notes to the financial statements 
5 Segment information (continued) 

218 

219 

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Segment revenue 
The Group uses gross written premiums as the measure for turnover of the general and life insurance business segments. Turnover of the non-
insurance segments comprises fees and commissions earned in relation to services provided by the Group to third parties. Segment revenues 
do not include net investment return or general business fee and commission income, which are reported within revenue in the consolidated 
statement of profit or loss. 

Revenue is attributed to the geographical region in which the customer is based. 

General business

 United Kingdom and Ireland
Australia
Canada
Other insurance operations 

Total 
Life business 
Investment management 
Broking and Advisory 
Group revenue 

Gross 
written 
premiums 
£000 

2020 

Non-
insurance 
services 
£000 

276,618 
80,178 
75,953 
4,538 
437,287 
12 
-
-
437,299 

-
-
-
-
-
-
12,382 
9,458 
21,840 

Total 
£000 

276,618 
80,178 
75,953 
4,538 
437,287 
12 
12,382 
9,458 
459,139 

Gross 
written 
premiums 
£000 

257,135 
68,857 
64,457 
3,516 
393,965 
(13) 
-
-
393,952 

2019 

Non-
insurance 
services 
£000 

-
-
-
-
-
-
12,795 
9,078 
21,873 

Total 
£000 

257,135 
68,857 
64,457 
3,516 
393,965 
(13) 
12,795 
9,078 
415,825 

Group revenues are not materially concentrated on any single external customer. 

Segment result 
General business segment results comprise the insurance underwriting profit or loss, investment activities and other expenses of each 
underwriting territory. The Group uses the industry standard net combined operating ratio (COR) as a measure of underwriting efficiency. The 
COR expresses the total of net claims costs, commission and underwriting expenses as a percentage of net earned premiums. Further details 
on the underwriting profit or loss and COR, which are alternative performance measures that are not defined under IFRS, are detailed in note 
36. 

The life business segment result comprises the profit or loss on insurance contracts (including return on assets backing liabilities in the long-
term fund), shareholder investment return and other expenses. 

2019 

General business
 United Kingdom and Ireland
Australia
Canada
Other insurance operations 

Life business 
Investment management 
Broking and Advisory 
Corporate costs 
Profit/(loss) before tax 

Combined 
operating 
ratio 

86.8% 
114.1% 
95.1% 

91.1% 

Insurance 
£000 

Investments 
£000 

Other 
£000 

20,412 
(3,246) 
2,218 
634
20,018 
335 
-
-
-
20,353 

59,433 
1,815 
1,805 
-
63,053 
6,486 
-
-
-
69,539 

(292) 
(65) 
(174) 

-

(531) 

-

(310) 
2,062 
(17,850) 
(16,629) 

Total 
£000 

79,553 
(1,496) 
3,849 
634 
82,540 
6,821
(310) 
2,062
(17,850) 
73,263 

(b) Geographical information 
Gross written premiums from external customers and non-current assets, as attributed to individual countries in which the Group operates, are 
as follows: 

United Kingdom and Ireland 
Australia 
Canada 

2020 

Gross 
written  Non-current 
assets 
£000 

premiums 
£000 

281,168 
80,178 
75,953 
437,299 

276,236 
6,114 
6,946 
289,296 

2019 

Gross 
written 
premiums 
£000 

260,638 
68,857 
64,457 
393,952 

Non-current 
assets 
£000 

235,859 
4,348 
8,272 
248,479 

Gross written premiums are allocated based on the country in which the insurance contracts are issued. Non-current assets exclude rights 
arising under insurance contracts, deferred tax assets, pension assets and financial instruments and are allocated based on where the assets 
are located. 

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All other segment results consist of the profit or loss before tax measured in accordance with IFRS. 

6 Net insurance premium revenue 

2020 

General business
 United Kingdom and Ireland 
 Australia 
 Canada 
 Other insurance operations 

Life business 
Investment management
Broking and Advisory
Corporate costs
Profit/(loss) before tax 

Combined 
operating 
ratio 

92.5% 
102.2% 
91.2% 

95.1% 

Insurance 
£000 

Investments 
£000 

Other 
£000 

Total 
£000 

12,254 
(620) 
4,521 
(4,103)
12,052 
468 
 -
 -
 -
12,520 

(12,123) 
1,678 
3,003 
 -

(7,442) 
29 
-
-
-

(7,413) 

(479) 
(31) 
(176) 

-

(686) 

-

(1,031) 
2,397 
(21,533) 
(20,853) 

(348)
1,027
7,348
(4,103) 
3,924 
497 
(1,031) 
2,397 
(21,533) 
(15,746) 

For the year ended 31 December 2020 
Gross written premiums 
Outward reinsurance premiums 
Net written premiums 

Change in the gross provision for unearned premiums 
Change in the provision for unearned premiums, reinsurers' share 
Change in the net provision for unearned premiums 
Earned premiums, net of reinsurance 

For the year ended 31 December 2019 
Gross written premiums 
Outward reinsurance premiums 
Net written premiums 

Change in the gross provision for unearned premiums 
Change in the provision for unearned premiums, reinsurers' share 
Change in the net provision for unearned premiums 
Earned premiums, net of reinsurance 

General 
business 
£000 

Life 
business 
£000 

437,287 
(173,074) 
264,213 

(24,984) 
8,422 
(16,562) 
247,651 

393,965 
(152,886) 
241,079 

(23,829) 
8,749 
(15,080) 
225,999 

12 
-
12 

-
-
-
12 

(13) 
-
(13) 

-
-
-
(13) 

Total 
£000 

437,299 
(173,074) 
264,225 

(24,984) 
8,422 
(16,562) 
247,663 

393,952 
(152,886) 
241,066 

(23,829) 
8,749 
(15,080) 
225,986 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 

Notes to the financial statements 

220 

221 

7 Fee and commission income 

9 Claims and change in insurance liabilities and reinsurance recoveries 

During the year, the Group recognised £47,541,000 (2019: £49,065,000) fee and commission income in accordance with IFRS 4 Insurance 
Contracts and £22,041,000 (2019: £22,175,000) in accordance with IFRS 15 Revenue from contracts with customers. Fee and commission 
income from contracts with customers was recognised as follows: 

For the year ended 31 December 2020 
General business 
Investment management 
Broking and advisory 

For the year ended 31 December 2019 
General business 
Investment management 
Broking and advisory 

8 Net investment return 

Income from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
- equity income 
- debt income 
Income from financial assets calculated using the effective interest rate method 
- cash and cash equivalents income 
- other income received 
Other income 
- rental income 
- exchange movements 
Investment income 
Fair value movements on financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss 
Fair value movements on investment property 
Fair value movements on property, plant and equipment 
Impact of discount rate change on insurance contract liabilities 
Net investment (loss)/return 

Recognised at 
a point in time 
£000 

Recognised 
over time 
£000 

201 
66 
9,458 
9,725 

302
108 
9,078 
9,488 

-
12,316
 -
12,316 

 -
12,687 
-
12,687 

2020 
£000 

6,255 
12,631 

141 
1,887 

8,786 
492 
30,192 
(13,618) 
(4,984) 

10

(15,898) 
(4,298) 

Total 
£000 

201 
12,382 
9,458 
22,041 

302 
12,795 
9,078 
22,175 

2019 
£000 

9,580 
14,221 

605 
1,795 

8,519 
60 
34,780 
55,991 
(3,900) 

 -

(12,433) 
74,438 

Included within fair value movements on financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss are gains of £2,396,000 (2019: £162,000) in 
respect of derivative instruments. 

For the year ended 31 December 2020 
Gross claims paid 
Gross change in the provision for claims 
Gross change in life business provision 
Claims and change in insurance liabilities 

Reinsurers' share of claims paid 
Reinsurers' share of change in the provision for claims 
Reinsurance recoveries 
Claims and change in insurance liabilities, net of reinsurance 

For the year ended 31 December 2019 
Gross claims paid 
Gross change in the provision for claims 
Gross change in life business provision 
Claims and change in insurance liabilities 

Reinsurers' share of claims paid 
Reinsurers' share of change in the provision for claims 
Reinsurance recoveries 
Claims and change in insurance liabilities, net of reinsurance 

10 Fees, commissions and other acquisition costs 

Fees paid 
Commission paid 
Change in deferred acquisition costs 
Other acquisition costs 
Fees, commissions and other acquisition costs 

General 
business 
£000 

Life 
business 
£000 

164,510 
59,617 
-
224,127 

(59,024) 
(35,557)
(94,581) 
129,546 

139,221 
18,260 
-
157,481 

(40,808)
(11,992) 
(52,800) 
104,681 

6,008 
-

(7,341) 
(1,333) 

-
-
-

(1,333) 

5,562 
-

(5,235) 
327 

 -
-
-
327 

Total 
£000 

170,518 
59,617 
(7,341) 
222,794 

(59,024) 
(35,557) 
(94,581) 
128,213 

144,783 
18,260 
(5,235) 
157,808 

(40,808) 
(11,992) 
(52,800) 
105,008 

2020 
£000 

13 
68,717 
(3,352) 
20,066 
85,444 

2019 
£000 

14 
62,134 
(4,553) 
15,145 
72,740 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 

Notes to the financial statements 

11 (Loss)/profit for the year 

13 Employee information 

222 

223 

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(Loss)/profit for the year has been arrived at after (crediting)/charging 
Net foreign exchange gains 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Amortisation of intangible assets 
Decrease in fair value of investment property 
Employee benefits expense including termination benefits, net of recharges 

12 Auditor’s remuneration 

Fees payable to the Company's auditor and its associates for the audit of the 
Company's annual accounts 

Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and its associates for other services: 
- The audit of the Company's subsidiaries 
Total audit fees 

- Audit-related assurance services 
- Other assurance services 
Total non-audit fees 

Fees payable to the Company's auditor in respect of associated pension schemes 
- The audit of associated pension schemes 

Total auditor's remuneration 

2020 
£000 

(493) 
5,486 
172 
1,433 
4,984 
83,781 

2019 
£000 

(60) 
5,081 
171 
1,000 
3,900 
86,065 

2020 
£000 

2019 
£000 

476 

238 
714 

178 
 -
178 

-

892 

497 

179 
676 

164
-
164 

17 

857 

Deloitte LLP stepped down as auditor to the Group. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP were appointed as the Group's auditor at the June 2020 
AGM. The figures for 2019 relate exclusively to fees paid to Deloitte LLP. Amounts disclosed are net of services taxes, where applicable. Audit-
related assurance services include Prudential Regulatory Authority (PRA) and other regulatory audit work. 

In the year ended 31 December 2020, audit fees of £476,000 include £5,000 to Deloitte LLP in relation to auditor transition. 

The average monthly number of full-time equivalent employees of the Group and Parent, including executive directors, during the year by 
geographical location was: 

Group 

United Kingdom and Ireland 
Australia 
Canada 

Parent 

United Kingdom and Ireland 
Canada 

General 
business 
No. 

827 
102
81
1,010 

General 
business 
No. 

827 
81
908 

2020 

Life 
business 
No. 

1 
 -
 -
1 

2020 

Life 
business 
No. 

1 
-
1

(restated)* 
2019 

Life 
business 
No. 

1 
 -
 -
1 

(restated)* 
2019 

Life 
business 
No. 

1 
-
1

General 
business 
No. 

804 
97
84
985 

General 
business 
No. 

804 
84
888 

Other 
No. 

194 
-
-
194 

Other 
No. 

92 
-
92 

Other 
No. 

181 
-
-
181 

Other 
No. 

82 
-
82 

* 2019 has been restated to include 23 full-time equivalent employees within United Kingdom and Ireland General Business for both Group and Parent which were 
previously omitted. 

Average numbers of full-time equivalent employees have been quoted rather than average numbers of employees to give a better reflection of 
the split between business areas, as some employees' work is divided between more than one business area. 

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Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Pension costs - defined contribution plans 
Pension costs - defined benefit plans 
Other post-employment benefits 
Total staff costs 

Staff costs recharged to related undertakings of the Group 
Capitalised staff costs 

2020 

2019 

Group 
£000 

73,057 
6,815 
5,853 
1,003 
112 
86,840 

(1,743) 
(1,652) 
83,445 

Parent 
£000 

61,194 
6,347 
5,101 
1,003 
112 
73,757 

(9,010) 
(1,652) 
63,095 

Group 
£000 

74,370 
7,010 
4,791 
1,812 
154 
88,137 

(1,340) 
(1,090) 
85,707 

Parent 
£000 

62,968 
6,577 
4,014 
1,812 
154 
75,525 

(8,278) 
(1,090) 
66,157 

The above Group figures do not include termination benefits of £476,000 (2019: £358,000) of which £56,000 (2019: £nil) was recharged to 
related undertakings of the group.. The above Parent figures do not include termination benefits of £476,000 (2019: £135,000), of which 
£74,000 (2019: £33,000) was recharged to related undertakings of the Parent. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 

Notes to the financial statements 

224 

225 

14 Tax expense 

(a) Tax (credited)/charged to the statement of profit or loss 

Current tax 

Deferred tax 

Total tax (credit)/expense 

- current year 
- prior year adjustments 
- temporary differences 
- prior year adjustments 
- Impact of change in deferred tax rate 

2020 
£000 

1,027 
(414) 
(5,395)
 -
4,256 
(526) 

2019 
£000 

5,893 
808 
4,749
 -
-
11,450 

15 Appropriations 

Amounts recognised as distributions to equity holders in the period: 

Dividends 
Non-Cumulative Irredeemable Preference share dividend (8.625 pence per share) 

Charitable grants 
Gross charitable grants to the ultimate parent company, Allchurches Trust Limited 
Tax relief 
Net appropriation for the year 

2020 
£000 

2019 
£000 

9,181 

9,181 

-
 -
-

30,000
(5,497) 
24,503 

Tax on the Group’s result before tax differs from the United Kingdom standard rate of corporation tax for the reasons set out in the following 
reconciliation: 

16 Acquisition of business 

(Loss)/profit before tax 

Tax calculated at the UK standard rate of tax of 19% (2019: 19%) 

Factors affecting (credit)/charge for the year: 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 
Non-taxable income 
Life insurance and other tax paid at non-standard rates 
Utilisation of tax losses for which no deferred tax asset has been recognised 
Impact of change in deferred tax rate 
Adjustments to tax charge in respect of prior periods 
Total tax (credit)/expense 

2020 
£000 

(15,746) 

(2,992) 

84 
(1,391) 
90 
(159) 
4,256 
(414) 
(526) 

2019 
£000 

73,263 

13,920 

463 
(3,110) 
(198) 
(433)
 -
808 
11,450 

The 2020 Budget Resolution not to reduce the corporation tax rate to 17% from 1 April 2020 was passed on 17 March 2020 and as such the 
main rate of tax remained at 19%. Deferred tax has been provided at a rate of 19% (2019: 17%). 

(b) Tax (credited)/charged to other comprehensive income 

Current tax (credited)/charged on: 

Fair value movements on hedge derivatives 

Deferred tax (credited)/charged on: 

Fair value movements on property 
Actuarial movements on retirement benefit plans 
Fair value movements on hedge derivatives 

Total tax credited to other comprehensive income 

In the prior year, tax relief on charitable grants of £5,497,000 was taken directly to equity. 

2020 
£000 

2019 
£000 

(328) 

129

(49) 
(3,472) 
63 

 -

(1,198) 
(110) 

(3,786) 

(1,179) 

On 30 September 2020, SEIB Insurance Brokers Limited  acquired WRS Insurance Brokers Limited (WRS). 

The aggregate amounts recognised in respect of the identifiable assets of the acquisition are set out in the table below. 

Assets 
Intangible assets 
Goodwill 
Property, plant and equipment 
Debtors 
Cash 

Liabilities 
Creditors 

Total identified net assets 

Satisfied by:
Satisfied by: 
Cash 
Contingent consideration 
Total consideration 

Analysis of cash flows
Analysis of cash flows 
Cash paid 
Net cash acquired with subsidiary 
Net cash flow on acquisition 

£000 

406 
918 
7 
45 
371 
1,747 

167 
167 

1,580 

1,162 
418 
1,580 

1,162 
(371) 
791 

The goodwill of £918,000 arising from the acquisitions consists of intangible assets not qualifying for separate recognition, such as synergies 
and new business opportunities. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. 

The contingent consideration arrangement requires a cash payment to be made on 1 October 2021. The amount paid is determined by an 
income target in the 'earn-out' period which ends on 30 September 2021. The maximum and minimum payments expected are £436,000 and 
£400,000 respectively. 

From the date of acquisition, WRS has contributed £206,989 of revenue and £80,565 to the net profit before tax from the continuing 
operations of the group. If the acquisition had taken place at the begining of the year, revenue from continuing operations would have been 
£8,422,209 and the profit from continuing operations for the period would have been £203,818. 

No material acquisition-related costs were incurred in relation to the transaction. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
226 

227 

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Notes to the financial statements 

17 Goodwill and other intangible assets 

Group 

Cost 
At 1 January 2020 
Additions 
Disposals 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2020 
Accumulated impairment losses and amortisation 
At 1 January 2020 
Amortisation charge for the year 
Impairment losses for the year 
Disposals 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2020 
Net book value at 31 December 2020 

Cost 
At 1 January 2019 
Additions 
Disposals 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2019 
Accumulated impairment losses and amortisation 
At 1 January 2019 
Amortisation charge for the year 
Impairment losses for the year 
Disposals 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2019 
Net book value at 31 December 2019 

Goodwill 
£000 

Computer 
software 
£000 

Other 
intangible 
assets 
£000 

23,779 
918 
-
-
24,697 

344 
-
35 
-
-
379 
24,318 

23,779 
-
-
-
23,779 

328 
-
16 
-
-
344 
23,435 

33,069 
15,407 
(542) 
201 
48,135 

18,537 
1,219
 -
(542) 
(35) 
19,179 
28,956 

23,453 
9,613 
(4) 
7 
33,069 

17,686 
838
 -
(4) 
17 
18,537 
14,532 

5,376 
611 
-
-
5,987 

4,692 
214
 -
-
2 
4,908 
1,079 

5,376 
-
-
-
5,376 

4,530 
162
 -
-
-
4,692 
684 

Total 
£000 

62,224 
16,936 
(542) 
201 
78,819 

23,573 
1,433 
35 
(542) 
(33) 
24,466 
54,353 

52,608 
9,613 
(4) 
7 
62,224 

22,544 
1,000 
16 
(4) 
17 
23,573 
38,651 

£16,885,000 of the goodwill balance in the current and prior year relates to the 2008 acquisition of South Essex Insurance Holdings Limited. 
£4,392,000 of the current and prior period balance relates to the acquisition of Lansdown Insurance Brokers Limited during 2014. £918,000 
of the current period balance relates to the acquisition of WRS Insurance Brokers Limited (WRS) as detailed in note 16. 

Goodwill is tested annually for impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. The calculations for all recoverable amounts 
use cash flow projections based on management-approved business plans, covering a three-year period, with forecast annual cash flows at the 
end of the planning period continuing thereafter in perpetuity at the UK long-term average growth rate, usually sourced from the Office for 
Budget Responsibility (OBR). The Group selected a rate of 1.8% (2019: 1.6%) as being appropriate, based on medium-term rates published in 
the OBR's November report. The pre-tax discount rate of 9.8% (2019: 9.2%) reflects the way that the market would assess the specific risks 
associated with the estimated cash flows. 

The recoverable amount of the investment in South Essex Insurance Holdings Limited exceeds its carrying amount by £4.4m (2019: £8.8m). If 
the cumulative growth rate between 2021 and 2023 was 2.9% lower than assumed in management-approved business plans, or the discount 
rate increased by 1.7%, then the recoverable amount would equal the carrying amount. For the investment in Lansdown Insurance Brokers 
Limited, the headroom above the carrying value is significant and reasonably possible changes to the key assumptions do not result in 
impairment. 

Assumptions used are consistent with historical experience within the business acquired and external sources of information. 

Notes to the financial statements 
17 Goodwill and other intangible assets (continued) 

Other intangible assets consist of acquired brand, customer and distribution relationships, which have an overall remaining useful life of one 
year on a weighted average basis (2019: one year). 

Parent 

Computer software 

Cost 
At 1 January 
Additions 
Disposals 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 
Amortisation 
At 1 January 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 
Net book value at 31 December 

18 Deferred acquisition costs 

At 1 January 
Increase in the period 
Release in the period 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 

All balances are current. 

2020 
£000 

29,163 
12,978 
(542) 
(71) 
41,528 

17,249 
593 
(542) 
(37) 
17,263 
24,265 

2019 
£000 

21,495 
7,615 
(4) 
57 
29,163 

16,646 
589 
(4) 
18 
17,249
11,914

2020 

2019 

Group 
£000 

38,199 
41,582 
(38,230) 
438 
41,989 

Parent 
£000 

31,133 
33,515 
(31,110) 
(66) 
33,472 

Group 
£000 

33,907 
38,529 
(33,976) 
(261) 
38,199 

Parent 
£000 

27,812 
31,283 
(27,976) 
14 
31,133 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
228 

229 

Notes to the financial statements 

19 Retirement benefit schemes 

Defined contribution pension plans 
The Group operates a number of defined contribution pension plans, for which contributions by the Group are disclosed in note 13. 

Defined benefit pension plans 

The Group's defined benefit plan is operated by the Parent in the UK, which includes two discrete sections, the EIO Section and Ansvar Section. 
The plan closed to new entrants on 5 April 2006. The terms of the plan for future service changed in August 2011 from a non-contributory final 
salary scheme to a contributory scheme in which benefits are based on career average revalued earnings. The scheme closed to future accrual 
on 30 June 2019. Active members in employment at this date retained certain enhanced benefits after the plan closed to future accrual, 
including benefits in relation to death in service and ill health retirement. They also retain the link to final salary whilst they remain employed by 
the Parent. From 1 July 2019, active members in employment joined one of the Group’s defined contribution plans. With effect from 1 January 
2021, the two discrete sections of the scheme have been combined. This has no impact on the financial statements. 

The assets of the defined benefit plan are held separately from those of the Group by the Trustee of the Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc 
Staff Retirement Benefit Fund (the 'Fund'). The Fund is subject to the Statutory Funding Objective under the Pensions Act 2004. An 
independent qualified actuary appointed by the Trustee is responsible for undertaking triennial valuations to determine whether the Statutory 
Funding Objective is met. Pension costs for the plan are determined by the Trustee, having considered the advice of the actuary and having 
consulted with the employer. The most recent triennial valuation was at 31 December 2019. As the scheme is closed to future accrual, no 
contribution is expected to be paid by the Group in 2021. 

Actuarial valuations were reviewed and updated by an actuary at 31 December 2020 for IAS 19 purposes. The Parent has an unconditional 
right to a refund of the surplus in the Ansvar Section of the Fund, which has been recognised in full in accordance with IFRIC 14. The EIO 
Section was in a deficit position on an IAS 19 basis at the year end. 

In the current year, actuarial losses arising from changes in financial assumptions of £53.6m (2019: actuarial losses of £59.7m) have been 
recognised in the statement of other comprehensive income. These losses resulted from a 0.6% decrease in the discount rate combined with 
inflationary increases arising from a reduction in the gap between RPI and CPI following the announcement of the outcome of the UK 
Government's consultation on the future measure of RPI. 

The demographic assumptions used in the IAS 19 valuation were reviewed and updated, informed by the 2019 triennial valuation process. This 
resulted in an actuarial gain of £6.0m (2019: £13.2m actuarial gain) being recognised in the current year. Updating for actual member 
experience since the previous triennial valuation and for other financial assumption experience resulted in a gain of £14.5m in the current year 
(2019: £0.1m loss arising from financial assumption experience). 

In the current year, the High Court issued a ruling relating to Guaranteed Minimum Pensions (GMP) equalisation for historic transfers values. 
This ruling, and the previous High Court ruling on GMP equalisation in 2018, relates to the Lloyds Bank pension scheme, and has implications 
for the EIO section of the Group’s defined benefit plan. The impact of the ruling in the current year is estimated at £32,000 and is presented as 
a past service cost in the statement of profit and loss. 

The defined benefit plan typically exposes the Group to risks such as: 

-

-

-

Investment risk: The Fund holds some of its investments in asset classes, such as equities, which have volatile market values and, while 
these assets are expected to provide the best returns over the long term, any short-term volatility could cause funding to be required if a 
deficit emerges. Derivative contracts are used from time to time, which would limit losses in the event of a fall in equity markets. 

Interest rate risk: Scheme liabilities are assessed using market rates of interest to discount the liabilities and are therefore subject to any 
volatility in the movement of the market rate of interest. The net interest income or expense recognised in profit or loss is also calculated 
using the market rate of interest. The Group's defined benefit plan holds Liability Driven Investments (LDIs) to hedge part of the exposure of 
the scheme's liabilities to movements in interest rates. 

Inflation risk: A significant proportion of scheme benefits are linked to inflation. Although scheme assets are expected to provide a good 
hedge against inflation over the long term, movements over the short term could lead to a deficit emerging. The Group's defined benefit plan 
holds LDIs to hedge part of the exposure of the scheme's liabilities to movements in inflation expectations. 

- Mortality risk: In the event that members live longer than assumed the liabilities may be understated originally, and a deficit may emerge if 

funding has not adequately provided for the increased life expectancy. 

- Currency risk: The Fund holds some of its investments in foreign denominated assets. As scheme liabilities are denominated in sterling, 
short-term fluctuations in exchange rates could cause funding to be required if a deficit emerges. Currency derivative contracts are used 
from time to time, which would limit losses in the event of adverse movements in exchange rates. 

Notes to the financial statements 
19 Retirement benefit schemes (continued) 

The Trustees set the investment objectives and strategy for the Fund based on independent advice and in consultation with the employer. Key 
factors addressed in setting strategy include the Fund’s liability profile, funding level and strength of employer covenant. Their key objectives are 
to ensure the Fund can meet members’ guaranteed benefits as they fall due, reduce the risk of assets failing to meet its liabilities over the long 
term and manage the volatility of returns and overall funding level. 

A blend of diversified growth assets (equities and property) and protection assets (bonds, gilts and cash) are deployed to balance the level of 
risk to that required to provide, with confidence, a sufficient return and liquidity to continue to meet members' obligations as they fall due. The 
Trustees have identified the key risks faced by the Fund in meeting this objective to be equity price risk, falls in bond yields and rising inflation. 

Assets include an LDI (‘Liability Driven Investments’) portfolio, structured to increase in value with decreases in interest rates and grow in line 
with inflation expectations. This is estimated currently to hedge 60% of the interest rate and 40% of the inflation rate risk of the guaranteed 
benefits of the Fund. Exposure of the Fund's assets to interest rates and inflation counter-balances exposure of the Fund's liabilities to these 
factors and has reduced, but not eliminated, volatility in the funding position. 

The Trustees monitor investment performance and strategy over time to ensure the structure adopted continues to meet their objectives and to 
highlight opportunities to reduce investment risk and volatility where practical and affordable. Their aim is to establish a Long Term Funding 
Target in line with guidance from the Pensions Regulator. The Trustees intend that this long term target will be reached through investment 
performance only and without requiring further contributions from the Parent. 

Group and Parent 

The amounts recognised in the statement of financial position are determined as follows: 
Present value of funded obligations 
Fair value of plan assets 

Restrictions on asset recognised
Net defined benefit pension scheme asset in the statement of financial position 

Movements in the net defined benefit pension scheme asset recognised in the statement of 
financial position are as follows: 
At 1 January 
Expense charged to profit or loss* 
Amounts recognised in other comprehensive income 
Contributions paid 
At 31 December 

The amounts recognised through profit or loss are as follows: 
Current service cost 
Administration cost 
Interest expense on liabilities 
Interest income on plan assets 
Past service cost 
Total, included in employee benefits expense 

The amounts recognised in the statement of other comprehensive income are as follows: 
Return on plan assets, excluding interest income 
Experience gains/(losses) on liabilities 
Gains from changes in demographic assumptions 
Losses from changes in financial assumptions 
Total included in other comprehensive income 

* Charge to profit or loss includes £nil (2019: £289,000) in respect of member salary sacrifice contributions. 

2020 
£000 

2019 
£000 

(403,709) 
394,356 
(9,353) 

 -

(9,353) 

(371,179) 
379,684 
8,505 
-
8,505 

8,505 
(1,003) 
(16,855) 

-

(9,353) 

575 
557 
6,971 
(7,132) 

32
1,003 

16,150 
14,543 
6,017 
(53,565) 
(16,855) 

16,131 
(2,101) 
(6,811) 
1,286 
8,505 

2,130 
433 
8,628 
(9,090) 

 -
2,101 

39,780 
(91) 
13,192 
(59,692) 
(6,811) 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
19 Retirement benefit schemes (continued) 

Notes to the financial statements 
19 Retirement benefit schemes (continued) 

The following is the analysis of the defined benefit pension balances: 

The movements in the fair value of plan assets and the present value of the defined benefit obligation over the year are as follows: 

230 

231 

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Group and Parent 

Pension assets 
Pension liabilities 

The principal actuarial assumptions (expressed as weighted averages) were as follows: 

Discount rate 
Inflation (RPI) 
Inflation (CPI) 
Future salary increases 
Future increase in pensions in deferment 
Future average pension increases (linked to RPI) 
Future average pension increases (linked to CPI) 

Mortality rate 

The average life expectancy in years of a pensioner retiring at age 65, at the year-end date, is as follows: 

Male 
Female 

The average life expectancy in years of a pensioner retiring at age 65, 20 years after the year-end date, is as 
follows: 
Male 
Female 

Plan assets are weighted as follows: 

Cash and other* 

Equity instruments

 UK quoted
 UK unquoted
 Overseas quoted 

Liability driven investments 

Debt instruments
 UK public sector quoted - fixed interest
 UK non-public sector quoted - fixed interest
 UK quoted - index-linked 

Derivative financial instruments 

Property 

2020 
£000 

1,053 
(10,406)
(9,353) 

% 

1.30 
2.90 
2.50 
4.50 
3.40 
2.80 
1.70 

22.9 
24.1 

24.0 
25.6 

2019 
£000 

8,505 
 -
8,505 

% 

1.90 
3.00 
2.30 
4.30 
2.35 
2.80 
1.50 

22.4 
23.9 

24.1 
25.7 

£000 

36,657 

£000 

21,945 

83,040 
552 
80,704 
164,296 

93,519 
270 
78,282 
172,071 

57,519 

41,781 

243 
68,500 
24,383 
93,126 

885 

41,873 

2,411 
71,189 
24,232 
97,832 

2,396 

43,659 

394,356 

379,684 

*Cash and other includes accrued income, prepayments and other debtors and creditors. 

The actual return on plan assets was a gain of £23,282,000 (2019: a gain of £48,870,000). 

The underlying assets of the LDIs are primarily UK government bonds and interest rate repurchase agreements at various rates and terms. 

The fair value of unquoted securities is measured using inputs for the asset that are not based on observable market data. The fair value is 
estimated and approved by the Trustee based on the advice of investment managers. Property is valued annually by independent qualified 
surveyors using standard industry methodology to determine a fair market value. All other investments either have a quoted price in active 
markets or are valued based on observable market data. 

Plan assets 
At 1 January 
Interest income 
Actual return on plan assets, excluding interest income 
Pension benefits paid and payable 
Contributions paid 
At 31 December

Defined benefit obligation 
At 1 January 
Current service cost 
Administration cost 
Past service cost 
Interest cost 
Pension benefits paid and payable 
Experience (gains)/losses on liabilities 
Gains from changes in demographic assumptions 
Losses from changes in financial assumptions 
At 31 December

History of plan assets and liabilities 

Present value of defined benefit obligations 
Fair value of plan assets 

Restrictions on asset recognised
(Deficit)/surplus 

2020 
£000 

(403,709) 
394,356 
(9,353) 

 -

(9,353) 

2019 
£000 

(371,179) 
379,684 
8,505 
-
8,505 

2018 
£000

(325,738) 
341,869 
16,131 
-
16,131 

2020 
£000 

2019 
£000 

379,684 
7,132 
16,150
(8,610) 

-
394,356 

371,179 
575 
557 
32 
6,971 
(8,610) 
(14,543) 
(6,017) 
53,565 
403,709 

2017 
£000 

(343,143) 
363,179 
20,036 
-
20,036 

341,869 
9,090 
39,780 
(12,341) 
1,286 
379,684 

325,738 
2,130 
433 
-
8,628 
(12,341)
91 
(13,192) 
59,692 
371,179 

2016 
£000 

(349,570)
329,394 
(20,176) 
(144) 
(20,320) 

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The weighted average duration of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period is 21 years (2019: 23 years). 

Significant actuarial assumptions for the determination of the defined benefit obligation are discount rate, inflation, expected salary increases
and mortality. The sensitivity analysis below has been determined based on reasonably possible changes in the assumptions occurring at the
end of the reporting period assuming that all other assumptions are held constant.

Assumption 

Change in assumption 

Discount rate 

Inflation 

Salary increase 

Life expectancy 

Increase by 0.5% 
Decrease by 0.5% 
Increase by 0.5% 
Decrease by 0.5% 
Increase by 0.5% 
Decrease by 0.5% 
Increase by 1 year 
Decrease by 1 year 

Increase/(decrease) 
in plan liabilities 
2020 
£000 

2019 
£000 

(39,500) 
46,000 
33,600 
(29,100) 
6,800 
(6,300) 
20,100 
(20,000) 

(40,500) 
47,700 
33,300 
(27,500) 
5,600
(5,400) 
15,700 
(15,600) 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
19 Retirement benefit schemes (continued) 

Notes to the financial statements 

232 

233 

20 Property, plant and equipment 

Group 

Land and 
buildings 
£000 

Motor 
vehicles 
£000 

Furniture, 
fittings and 
equipment 
£000 

Computer 
equipment 
£000 

Right of 
use asset 
£000 

Cost or valuation 
At 31 December 2019 
Additions
Disposals 
Revaluation 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2020 
Depreciation 
At 31 December 2019 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2020 
Net book value at 31 December 2020 

Cost or valuation 
At 31 December 2018 
IFRS 16 transition adjustment* 
At 1 January 2019 
Additions 
Disposals 
Revaluation 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2019 
Depreciation 
At 31 December 2018 
Transition to IFRS 16 
At 1 January 2019 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2019 
Net book value at 31 December 2019 

*The Group adopted IFRS 16 from 1 January 2019. 

2,445 
 -
-
(5) 
-
2,440 

-
-
-
-
-
2,440 

2,445
 -
2,445 
-
-
-
-
2,445 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,445 

146
 -
-
-
-
146 

87 
20 
-
-
107 
39 

2,227 
(2,095) 
132 
14 
-
-
-
146 

843 
(781) 
62 
25 
-
-
87 
59 

9,841 
5,142 
(10)
 -
(2) 
14,971 

6,536 
712 
(6) 
5 
7,247 
7,724 

9,058 
74 
9,132 
1,459 
(730) 

-
(20) 
9,841 

6,082 
28
6,110 
981 
(559) 
4 
6,536 
3,305 

10,748 
892 
(300)
 -
23 
11,363 

7,539 
1,481 
(300) 
18 
8,738 
2,625 

7,914
 -
7,914 
2,921 
(76)
 -
(11) 
10,748 

6,328 
-
6,328 
1,296 
(76)
(9) 
7,539 
3,209 

14,595 
17,599 
(535)
 -
107 
31,766 

3,291 
3,273 
(342) 
56 
6,278 
25,488 

-
12,402 
12,402 
3,142 
(843)
 -
(106) 
14,595 

-
781 
781 
2,779 
(252) 
(17) 
3,291 
11,304 

Total 
£000 

37,775 
23,633 
(845) 
(5) 
128 
60,686 

17,453 
5,486 
(648) 
79 
22,370 
38,316 

21,644 
10,381 
32,025
7,536 
(1,649) 

-

(137) 
37,775 
-
13,253 
28 
13,281 
5,081 
(887)
(22) 
17,453 
20,322 

Post-employment medical benefits 
The Parent operates a post-employment medical benefit plan, for which it chooses to self-insure. The method of accounting, assumptions and 
the frequency of valuation are similar to those used for the defined benefit pension plans. 

The provision of the plan leads to a number of risks as follows: 

-

Interest rate risk: The reserves are assessed using market rates of interest to discount the liabilities and are therefore subject to volatility in 
the movement of the market rates of interest. A reduction in the market rate of interest would lead to an increase in the reserves required 
to be held. 

- Medical expense inflation risk: Future medical costs are influenced by a number of factors including economic trends and advances in 

medical technology and sciences. An increase in medical expense inflation would lead to an increase in the reserves required to be held. 

- Medical claims experience: Claims experience can be volatile, exposing the Company to the risk of being required to pay over and above 
the assumed reserve. If future claims experience differs significantly from that experienced in previous years, this will increase the risk to 
the Company. 

- Spouse and widows' contributions: The self-insured benefit includes a potential liability for members who pay contributions in respect of 

their spouse and for widows who pay contributions. There is the possibility that the contributions charged may not be sufficient to cover the 
medical costs that fall due. 

- Mortality risk: If members live longer than expected, the Company is exposed to the expense of medical claims for a longer period, with 

increased likelihood of needing to pay claims. 

The amounts recognised in the statement of financial position are determined as follows: 

Group and Parent 

Present value of unfunded obligations and net obligations in the statement of financial position 

Movements in the net obligations recognised in the statement of financial position are as follows: 

At 1 January 
Total expense charged to profit or loss 
Net actuarial losses during the year, recognised in other comprehensive income 
Benefits paid 
At 31 December 

The amounts recognised through profit or loss are as follows: 
Interest cost 
Total, included in employee benefits expense 

2020 
£000 

6,530 

5,998 
112 
463 
(43) 
6,530 

112 
112 

2019 
£000 

5,998 

5,813 
154 
238 
(207) 
5,998 

154 
154 

The weighted average duration of the net obligations at the end of the reporting period is 13.1 years (2019: 13.3 years). 

The main actuarial assumptions for the plan are a long-term increase in medical costs of 6.9% (2019: 7.0%) and a discount rate of 1.3% 
(2019: 1.9%). An actuarial loss of £513,000 has been recognised in the current year due to the 0.6% fall in discount rate. This has been 
partially offset by an actuarial gain of £88,000 arising from a fall in medical cost inflation. A small actuarial loss has been recognised due to 
changes in mortality assumptions. Benefits paid in the year fell due to the suspension of routine treatment as private facilities supported the 
NHS during the Covid-19 pandemic. The sensitivity analysis below has been determined based on reasonably possible changes in the 
assumptions occurring at the end of the accounting period assuming that all other assumptions are held constant. 

Assumption 

Change in assumption 

Discount rate 

Medical expense inflation 

Life expectancy 

Increase by 0.5% 
Decrease by 0.5% 
Increase by 1.0% 
Decrease by 1.0% 
Increase by 1 year 
Decrease by 1 year 

Increase/(decrease) 
in plan liabilities 

2020 
£000 

(404) 
445 
851 
(721) 
576 
(527) 

2019 
£000 

(371) 
409 
782 
(662) 
529 
(484) 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
20 Property, plant and equipment (continued) 

Notes to the financial statements 

234 

235 

Parent 

Cost or valuation 
At 31 December 2019 
Additions 
Disposals 
Revaluation 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2020 
Depreciation 
At 31 December 2019 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2020 
Net book value at 31 December 2020 

Cost or valuation 
At 31 December 2018 
IFRS 16 transition adjustment* 
At 1 January 2019 
Additions 
Disposals 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2019 
Depreciation 
At 31 December 2018 
IFRS 16 transition adjustment* 
At 1 January 2019 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2019 
Net book value at 31 December 2019 

*The Parent adopted IFRS 16 from 1 January 2019. 

Land and 
buildings 
£000 

Motor 
vehicles 
£000 

Furniture, 
fittings and 
equipment 
£000 

Computer 
equipment 
£000 

Right of 
use asset 
£000 

2,045 
 -
-
(5) 
-
2,040 

-
-
 -
-
-
2,040 

2,045 
-
2,045 
-
 -
 -
2,045 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,045 

53
-
-
-
 -
53 

29 
11 
-
-
40 
13 

2,135
(2,095) 
40 
13 
-
-
53

799 
(781) 
18 
11 
-
-
29 
24 

9,315 
5,138 
(10)
 -
(4) 
14,439 

9,846 
742 
(298)
 -
(7) 
10,283 

6,270 
654 
(6) 
4 
6,922 
7,517 

8,470
74 
8,544 
1,422 
(633) 
(18) 
9,315 

5,874 
28 
5,902 
893 
(528) 
3 
6,270 
3,045 

6,964 
1,329 
(300) 
(4) 
7,989 
2,294 

7,237 
-
7,237 
2,680 
(76) 
5 
9,846 

5,842 
-
5,842 
1,192 
(75) 
5 
6,964 
2,882 

11,362 
16,994 
(535)
 -
(19) 
27,802 

2,658 
2,626 
(342) 
(2) 
4,940 
22,862 

-
9,181
9,181 
3,038 
(814) 
(43) 
11,362 

-
781 
781
2,126 
(244) 
(5) 
2,658 
8,704 

Total 
£000 

32,621 
22,874 
(843) 
(5) 
(30) 
54,617 

15,921 
4,620
(648) 
(2) 
19,891 
34,726 

19,887 
7,160 
27,047 
7,153
(1,523)
(56) 
32,621 

12,515 
28 
12,543 
4,222 
(847) 
3 
15,921 
16,700 

All properties of the Group and Parent were last revalued at 31 December 2020. Valuations were carried out by Cluttons LLP, an independent 
professional firm of chartered surveyors who have recent experience in the location and type of properties. Valuations were carried out using 
standard industry methodology to determine a fair value. All properties are classified as level 3 assets. 

Movements in fair values are taken to the revaluation reserve within equity, net of deferred tax. When such properties are sold, the accumulated 
revaluation surpluses are transferred from this reserve to retained earnings. Where the fair value of an individual property is below original cost, 
any revaluation movement arising during the year is recognised within net investment return in the statement of profit or loss. There have been 
no transfers between investment categories in the current year. 

The value of land and buildings of the Group on a historical cost basis is £2,444,000 (2019: £2,444,000). The value of land and buildings of the 
Parent on a historical cost basis is £2,044,000 (2019: £2,044,000). 

Depreciation expense has been charged in other operating and administrative expenses. 

21 Investment property 

Group and Parent 

Fair value at 1 January 
Additions - subsequent expenditure 
Disposals 
Fair value losses recognised in profit or loss 
Fair value at 31 December 

2020 
£000 

148,146
 -

(1,020) 
(4,984) 
142,142 

2019 
£000 

152,182 
191 
(327) 
(3,900) 
148,146 

The Group’s investment properties were last revalued at 31 December 2020 by Cluttons LLP, an independent professional firm of chartered 
surveyors who have recent experience in the location and type of properties. Valuations were carried out using standard industry methodology 
to determine a fair value. There has been no change in the valuation technique during the year. All properties are classified as level 3 assets. 
There have been no transfers between investment categories in the current year. 

Investment properties are held for long-term capital appreciation rather than short-term sale. Rental income arising from the investment 
properties owned by both the Group and Parent amounted to £8,786,000 (2019: £8,519,000) and is included in net investment return. 

22 Financial investments 

Financial investments summarised by measurement category are as follows: 

Financial investments at fair value through profit or loss 
Equity securities 
- listed 
- unlisted 
Debt securities 
- government bonds 
- listed 
- unlisted 
Derivative financial instruments 
- options 
- forwards 

Financial investments at fair value through other comprehensive 
income 
Derivative financial instruments 
- forwards 
Total financial investments at fair value 

Loans and receivables 
Cash held on deposit 
Other loans 

Parent investments in subsidiary undertakings 
Shares in subsidiary undertakings 

Total financial investments 

Current 
Non-current 

All investments in subsidiary undertakings are unlisted. 

2020 

Group 
£000 

Parent 
£000 

2019 

Group 
£000 

Parent 
£000 

262,598 
59,288 

160,381 
334,732 
552 

1,407 
672 
819,630 

238,555 
59,287 

71,199 
217,211 
552 

1,407 
672 
588,883 

289,754 
66,304 

154,244 
338,001 
270 

1,562 
1,499 
851,634 

263,888 
66,303 

91,255 
216,372 
270 

1,562 
1,749 
641,399 

401 
820,031 

401 
589,284 

509 
852,143 

259 
641,658 

-
746 

-
746 

4,974 
796 

4,974 
792 

-

60,757 

-

49,729 

820,777 

650,787 

857,913 

697,153 

335,916 
484,861 

298,036 
352,751 

383,578 
474,335 

346,980 
350,173 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 

Notes to the financial statements 

23 Derivative financial instruments 

24 Other assets 

236 

237 

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The Group utilises derivatives to mitigate equity price risk arising from investments held at fair value, foreign exchange risk arising from investments 
denominated in foreign currencies, and foreign exchange risk arising from investments denominated in Sterling that contain underlying foreign 
currency exposure. These 'non-hedge' derivatives either do not qualify for hedge accounting or the option to hedge account has not been taken. 

The Group has also formally designated certain derivatives as a hedge of its net investments in Australia and Canada. A loss of £2,339,000 (2019: 
gain of £640,000) in respect of these 'hedge' derivatives has been recognised in the hedging reserve within shareholders' equity, as disclosed in 
note 27. The Group has formally assessed and documented the effectiveness of derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting in accordance with IAS 
39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. 

Group 

Non-hedge derivatives 
Equity/Index contracts 
Futures
Options 

Foreign exchange contracts 
Forwards (Euro) 

Hedge derivatives 
Foreign exchange contracts 
Forwards (Australian dollar) 
Forwards (Canadian dollar) 

2020 

2019 

Contract/ 
notional 
amount 
£000 

Fair value 
asset 
£000 

Fair value 
liability 
£000 

Contract/ 
notional 
amount 
£000 

Fair value 
asset 
£000 

 -
40,597 

-
1,407

96,000 

672

-
 -

 -

-
58,588 

-
1,562 

116,603 

1,499 

75,000 
52,000 
263,597 

-
401
2,480 

1,244 
 -
1,244 

45,411 
30,456 
251,058 

250 
259 
3,570 

Included with Equity/Index contracts are options with a contract/notional value of £nil (2019: £17,997,000), and fair value asset of £nil (2019: 
£734,000), which expire in greater than one year. All other derivatives in the current and prior period expire within one year. 

The derivative financial instruments of the Parent are the same as the Group, with the exception that the Australian dollar foreign exchange contract is 
classified as a non-hedge derivative. 

All contracts designated as hedging instruments were fully effective in the current and prior year. 

Receivables arising from insurance and reinsurance contracts 
- due from contract holders 
- due from agents, brokers and intermediaries 
- due from reinsurers 

Other receivables 
- accrued interest and rent 
- other prepayments and accrued income 
- amounts owed by related parties 
- debtors arising from broking activities 
- net investment in finance leases 
- other debtors 

Current 
Non-current 

2020 

2019 

Group 
£000 

50,285 
66,232 
11,005 

4,329 
5,259 
52,683 
6,685
236 
19,856 
216,570 

162,085 
54,485 

Parent 
£000 

49,981 
39,796 
4,941 

3,253 
3,966 
56,513 
 -
236 
2,428 
161,114 

105,076 
56,038 

Group 
£000 

41,549 
56,549 
11,177 

4,519 
4,526 
39,044 
6,509
366 
14,119 
178,358 

136,999 
41,359 

Parent 
£000 

41,296 
36,337 
3,923 

3,431 
3,710 
43,239
 -
366 
1,491 
133,793 

90,787 
43,006 

The Group has recognised a net charge of £759,000 (2019: net credit of £31,000) in other operating and administrative expenses in the 
statement of profit or loss for the impairment and reversal of impairment of its trade and other receivables during the year. The Parent has 
recognised a net charge of £693,000 (2019: net credit of £15,000). 

There has been no significant change in the recoverability of the Group's or Parent's other assets, for which no collateral is held. The directors 
consider that the amounts are recoverable at their carrying values, which are stated net of an allowance for doubtful debts for those debtors 
that are individually determined to be impaired. 

Included within amounts owed by related parties of the Parent is £2,920,000 (2019: £2,744,000) pledged as collateral in respect of an 
insurance liability. 

Included within other receivables of the Group is £1,201,000 (2019: £1,255,000) classified as contract assets, and £1,410,000 (2019: 
£1,151,000) classified as receivables in accordance with IFRS 15. Included within other receivables of the Parent is £nil (2019: £nil) classified 
as contract assets, and £nil (2019: £nil) classified as receivables in accordance with IFRS 15. 

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The notional amounts above reflect the aggregate of individual derivative positions on a gross basis and so give an indication of the overall scale of 
the derivative transactions. They do not reflect current market values of the open positions. 

Movement in the allowance for doubtful debts 

Derivative fair value assets are recognised within financial investments (note 22) and derivative fair value liabilities are recognised within other 
liabilities (note 31). 

Balance at 1 January 
Movement in the year 
Balance at 31 December 

2020 

2019 

Group 
£000 

145 
578 
723 

Parent 
£000 

69 
505 
574 

Group 
£000 

168 
(23)
145 

Parent 
£000 

69 
 -
69 

Included within other assets of the Group is £13,767,000 (2019: £8,162,000) overdue but not impaired, of which £11,754,000 (2019: 
£7,253,000) is not more than three months overdue at the reporting date. Included within trade receivables of the Parent is £5,238,000 (2019: 
£3,688,000) overdue but not impaired, of which £4,245,000 (2019: £3,485,000) is not more than three months overdue at the reporting date. 

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25 Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash at bank and in hand 
Short-term bank deposits 

2020 

2019 

Group 
£000 

78,643 
25,786 
104,429 

Parent 
£000 

43,713 
15,753 
59,466 

Group 
£000 

47,155 
27,620 
74,775 

Parent 
£000 

23,781 
18,467 
42,248 

Included within short-term bank deposits of the Group and Parent are cash deposits of £1,960,000 (2019: £1,007,000) pledged as collateral 
by way of cash margins on open derivative contracts to cover derivative liabilities. 

Included within Group cash at bank and in hand are cash deposits of £4,131,000 (2019: £3,821,000) pledged as collateral by way of cash calls 
from reinsurers, and £3,765,000 (2019: £3,464,000) of restricted cash held on an agency basis. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 

Notes to the financial statements 

238 

239 

26 Called up share capital 

28 Insurance liabilities and reinsurance assets 

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Ordinary shares of 4p each 
8.625% Non-Cumulative Irredeemable Preference shares of £1 each 

The number of shares in issue are as follows: 

Ordinary shares of 4p each 
At 1 January and 31 December 

8.625% Non-Cumulative Irredeemable Preference shares of £1 each 
At 1 January and 31 December 

Issued, allotted and 
fully paid 

2020 
£000 

14,027 
106,450 
120,477 

2019 
£000 

14,027 
106,450 
120,477 

350,678 

350,678 

106,450 

106,450 

On winding up, the assets of the Company remaining after payment of its liabilities are to be applied to holders of the Non-Cumulative 
Irredeemable Preference shares in repaying the nominal capital sum paid up on the shares and an amount equal to all arrears of accrued and 
unpaid dividends up to the date of the commencement of the winding up. The residual interest in the assets of the Company after deducting all 
liabilities belongs to the Ordinary shareholders. 

Holders of the Non-Cumulative Irredeemable Preference shares are not entitled to receive notice of, or to attend, or vote at any general meeting 
of the Company unless at the time of the notice convening such meeting, the dividend on such shares which is most recently payable on such 
shares shall not have been paid in full, or where a resolution is proposed varying any of the rights of such shares, or for the winding up of the 
Company. 

27 Translation and hedging reserve 

Group 

At 1 January 2020 
Gains on currency translation differences 
Losses on net investment hedges 
Attributable tax 
At 31 December 2020 

At 1 January 2019 
Losses on currency translation differences 
Gains on net investment hedges 
Attributable tax 
At 31 December 2019 

Parent 

At 1 January 2020 
Losses on currency translation differences 
Gains on net investment hedges 
Attributable tax 
At 31 December 2020 

At 1 January 2019 
Gains on currency translation differences 
Loses on net investment hedges 
Attributable tax 
At 31 December 2019 

Translation 
reserve 
£000 

Hedging 
reserve 
£000 

13,572 
1,980
 -
-
15,552 

14,940 
(1,368)
-
-
13,572 

7,130 
(712) 

-
-
6,418 

6,605 
525 
-
-
7,130 

4,752
 -

(2,339) 
265 
2,678 

4,131 
 -
640 
(19) 
4,752 

434
 -
279 
(64) 
649 

973 
-

(649) 
110 
434 

Total 
£000 

18,324 
1,980 
(2,339) 
265 
18,230 

19,071 
(1,368) 
640 
(19) 
18,324 

7,564 
(712) 
279 
(64) 
7,067 

7,578 
525 
(649) 
110 
7,564 

The translation reserve arises on consolidation of the Group's and Parent's foreign operations. The hedging reserve represents the cumulative 
amount of gains and losses on hedging instruments in respect of net investments in foreign operations. 

Gross 
Claims outstanding 
Unearned premiums 
Life business provision 
Total gross insurance liabilities 

Recoverable from reinsurers 
Claims outstanding 
Unearned premiums 
Total reinsurers’ share of insurance liabilities 

Net 
Claims outstanding 
Unearned premiums 
Life business provision 
Total net insurance liabilities 

Gross insurance liabilities 
Current 
Non-current 

Reinsurance assets 
Current 
Non-current 

2020 

Group 
£000 

560,992 
230,800 
76,857 
868,649 

129,284 
79,393 
208,677 

431,708 
151,407 
76,857
659,972 

Parent 
£000 

434,583 
181,619
 -
616,202 

78,450 
56,066 
134,516 

356,133 
125,553 
 -
481,686 

2019 

Group 
£000 

481,669 
203,096 
79,212 
763,977 

89,982 
69,574 
159,556 

391,687 
133,522 
79,212
604,421 

Parent 
£000 

391,268 
165,004
 -
556,272 

56,174 
50,527 
106,701 

335,094 
114,477 
 -
449,571 

412,200 
456,449 

315,863 
300,339 

354,977 
409,000 

282,020 
274,252 

142,466 
66,211 

94,662 
39,854 

115,082 
44,474 

78,432 
28,269 

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(a) General business insurance contracts 
(i) Reserving methodology 
Reserving for non-life insurance claims is a complex process and the Group adopts recognised actuarial methods and, where appropriate, other 
calculations and statistical analysis. Actuarial methods used include the chain ladder, Bornhuetter-Ferguson and average cost methods. 

Chain ladder methods extrapolate paid amounts, incurred amounts (paid claims plus case estimates) and the number of claims or average cost 
of claims, to ultimate claims based on the development of previous years. This method assumes that previous patterns are a reasonable guide 
to future developments. Where this assumption is felt to be unreasonable, adjustments are made or other methods such as Bornhuetter-
Ferguson or average cost are used. The Bornhuetter-Ferguson method places more credibility on expected loss ratios for the most recent loss 
years. For smaller portfolios the materiality of the business and data available may also shape the methods used in reviewing reserve adequacy. 

The selection of results for each accident year and for each portfolio depends on an assessment of the most appropriate method. Sometimes a 
combination of techniques is used. The average weighted term to payment is calculated separately by class of business and is based on 
historical settlement patterns. 

(ii) Calculation of uncertainty margins 

To reflect the uncertain nature of the outcome of the ultimate settlement cost of claims, an uncertainty margin is added to the best estimate. 
The addition for uncertainty is assessed using actuarial methods including the Mack method and Bootstrapping techniques, based on at least 
the 75th percentile confidence level for each portfolio. For smaller portfolios, where these methods cannot be applied, provisions are calculated 
at a level intended to provide an equivalent probability of sufficiency. Where the standard methods cannot allow for changing circumstances, 
additional uncertainty margins are added and are typically expressed as a percentage of outstanding claims. From time to time, the 
management may elect to select an additional margin to reflect short-term uncertainty driven by specific events that are not in data. This 
approach generally results in a favourable release of provisions in the current financial year, arising from the settlement of claims relating to 
previous financial years, as shown in part (c) of the note. 

(iii) Calculation of provisions for latent claims 
The Group adopts commonly used industry methods including those based on claims frequency and severity and benchmarking. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
240 

241 

Notes to the financial statements 
28 Insurance liabilities and reinsurance assets (continued) 

Notes to the financial statements 
28 Insurance liabilities and reinsurance assets (continued) 

(iv) Discounting 
General insurance outstanding claims provisions are undiscounted, except for certain designated long-tail classes of business for which 
discounted provisions are held in the following territories: 

(viii) Claims development tables 

The nature of liability classes of business is that claims may take a number of years to settle and before the final liability is known. The tables 
below show the development of the undiscounted estimate of ultimate gross and net claims cost for these classes across all territories. 

Discount rate 

Mean term of discounted 
liabilities (years) 

Estimate of ultimate gross claims 

Geographical territory 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

UK and Ireland 
Canada 
Australia 

0.5% to 1.5% 
0.4% to 1.7% 
0.7% 

1.3% to 2.2% 
1.9% to 2.0% 
1.2% 

17 
12 
4 

17 
12 
4 

Parent consists of UK, Ireland and Canada. Group also includes Australia. 

The above rates of interest are based on government bond yields of the relevant currency and term at the reporting date. Adjustments are 
made, where appropriate, to reflect portfolio assets held and to allow for future investment expenses. At the year end the undiscounted gross 
outstanding claims liability was £585,635,000 for the Group (2019: £516,068,000), and £456,912,000 for the Parent (2019: 
£422,531,000). 

The impact of discount rate changes on the outstanding claims liability is presented within net investment return (note 8). 

At 31 December 2020, it is estimated that a fall of 1% in the discount rates used would increase the Group's net outstanding claims liabilities 
by £20,715,000 (2019: £17,065,000). Financial investments backing these liabilities are not hypothecated across general insurance classes 
of business. The sensitivity of Group profit or loss and other equity reserves to interest rate risk, taking into account the mitigating effect on 
asset values is provided in note 4(h). 

(v) Assumptions 
The Group follows a process of reviewing its reserves for outstanding claims on a regular basis. This involves an appraisal of each portfolio 
with respect to ultimate claims liability for the recent exposure period as well as for earlier periods, together with a review of the factors that 
have the most significant impact on the assumptions used to determine the reserving methodology. The work conducted on each portfolio is 
subject to an internal peer review and management sign-off process. 

The most significant assumptions in determining the undiscounted general insurance reserves are the anticipated number and ultimate 
settlement cost of claims, and the extent to which reinsurers will share in the cost. Factors which influence decisions on assumptions include 
legal and judicial changes, significant weather events, other catastrophes, subsidence events, exceptional claims or substantial changes in 
claims experience and developments in older or latent claims. Significant factors influencing assumptions about reinsurance are the terms of 
the reinsurance treaties, the anticipated time taken to settle a claim and the incidence of large individual and aggregated claims. 

(vi) Changes in assumptions 
There are no significant changes in assumptions. 

(vii) Sensitivity of results 
The ultimate amount of claims settlement is uncertain and the Group's aim is to reserve to at least the 75th percentile confidence level. 

If final settlement of insurance claims reserved for at the year end turns out to be 10% higher or lower than the undiscounted reserves 
included in these financial statements, the following pre-tax Group loss or profit will be realised: 

Liability 

Property 

Motor 

- UK 
- Overseas 
- UK 
- Overseas 
- UK 

2020 

2019 

Gross 
£000 

20,200 
14,900 
10,300 
7,200 
200 

Net 
£000 

19,000 
12,200 
5,600 
2,600 
200 

Gross 
£000 

19,700 
12,100 
7,900 
4,900 
200 

Net 
£000 

18,500 
10,200 
4,800 
1,900 
200 

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2012 
£000 

100,612 
88,046 
78,196 
72,516 
67,980 
62,712 
61,213 
60,560 
62,025 

2011 
£000 

82,095 
76,371 
71,543 
68,587 
60,841 
59,914 
57,950 
57,939 
57,790 
59,079 

2013 
£000 

81,725 
80,027 
69,860 
66,192 
60,174 
56,912 
54,901 
55,516 

2014 
£000 

61,901 
50,571 
48,327 
45,495 
37,064 
34,606 
34,962 

2015 
£000 

46,464 
43,582 
40,337 
33,804 
29,436 
28,211 

2016 
£000 

51,738 
46,073 
41,041 
38,468 
37,044 

2017 
£000 

2018 
£000 

2019 
£000 

2020 
£000 

Total 
£000 

50,134 

47,945 
42,467 

48,759 
40,461 
34,680 

50,736 
46,885 
41,883 
38,648 

59,079 

62,025 

55,516 

34,962 

28,211 

37,044 

38,648  34,680  42,467 

50,134 

442,766 

(51,823) 

(54,716) 

(46,905) 

(25,553) 

(17,590) 

(19,540) 

(13,547) 

(9,264) 

(5,342) 

(1,410) 

(245,690) 

7,256 

7,309 

8,611 

9,409 

10,621 

17,504 

25,101  25,416  37,125 

48,724 

Effect of discounting 
Present value 
Discounted liability in respect of earlier years 
Total discounted gross liability (for liability classes) included in insurance liabilities in the statement of financial position 

197,076 
(6,824) 
190,252 
159,442 
349,694 

2011 
£000 

66,864 
63,770 
62,587 
60,653 
52,985 
50,355 
49,127 
48,927 
49,040 
49,272 

2012 
£000 

84,511 
77,629 
69,580 
63,068 
56,225 
51,872 
50,791 
50,092 
50,367 

2013 
£000 

71,798 
60,950 
54,792 
50,492 
43,910 
42,289 
40,698 
40,041 

2014 
£000 

52,350 
40,153 
39,015 
37,158 
31,530 
30,024 
30,063 

2015 
£000 

34,769 
31,941 
30,129 
27,287 
23,620 
23,068 

2016 
£000 

37,981 
32,541 
29,538 
28,622 
27,899 

2017 
£000 

2018 
£000 

2019 
£000 

2020 
£000 

Total 
£000 

35,690 

34,210  32,992  33,719 
33,353  28,181  30,285 
31,463  24,212 
29,557 

49,272 

50,367 

40,041 

30,063 

23,068 

27,899 

29,557  24,212  30,285 

35,690 

340,454 

(43,627) 

(45,478) 

(34,010) 

(22,432) 

(14,232) 

(14,408) 

(10,132) 

(6,130) 

(3,007) 

(786) 

(194,242) 

Group 

At end of year 
One year later 
Two years later 
Three years later 
Four years later 
Five years later 
Six years later 
Seven years later 
Eight years later 
Nine years later 

Current estimate of 
ultimate claims 

Cumulative payments 
to date 

Outstanding liability 

Parent 

At end of year 
One year later 
Two years later 
Three years later 
Four years later 
Five years later 
Six years later 
Seven years later 
Eight years later 
Nine years later 

Current estimate of 
ultimate claims 

Cumulative payments 
to date 

Outstanding liability 

5,645 

4,889 

6,031 

7,631 

8,836 

13,491 

19,425  18,082  27,278  34,904 

Effect of discounting 
Present value 
Discounted liability in respect of earlier years 
Total discounted gross liability (for liability classes) included in insurance liabilities in the statement of financial position 

146,212 
(5,299) 
140,913 
126,082 
266,995 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
28 Insurance liabilities and reinsurance assets (continued) 

Notes to the financial statements 
28 Insurance liabilities and reinsurance assets (continued) 

242 

243 

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Estimate of ultimate net claims 

2011 
£000 

75,302 
72,336 
68,057 
66,822 
60,314 
59,521 
57,641 
57,591 
57,439 
58,462 

2012 
£000 

88,247 
79,272 
73,735 
69,837 
65,872 
60,800 
59,338 
59,061 
60,056 

2013 
£000 

76,729 
66,475 
60,075 
55,710 
51,482 
49,196 
47,518 
47,443 

2014 
£000 

59,633 
47,690 
47,428 
41,494 
35,164 
33,233 
33,309 

2015 
£000 

42,739 
40,397 
37,740 
32,297 
28,506 
27,418 

2016 
£000 

47,402 
41,631 
37,740 
36,337 
35,217 

2017 
£000 

2018 
£000 

2019 
£000 

2020 
£000 

Total 
£000 

44,053 
37,456 
32,867 

45,920 
41,706 
37,797 
34,818 

44,230 
39,842 

45,459 

58,462 

60,056 

47,443 

33,309 

27,418 

35,217 

34,818  32,867  39,842  45,459 

414,891 

(51,448) 

(53,318) 

(39,244) 

(24,373) 

(17,590) 

(19,482) 

(13,547) 

(9,262) 

(5,333) 

(1,406) 

(235,003) 

7,014 

6,738 

8,199 

8,936 

9,828 

15,735 

21,271  23,605  34,509  44,053 

Effect of discounting 
Present value 
Discounted liability in respect of earlier years 
Total discounted net liability (for liability classes) included in insurance liabilities in the statement of financial position 

179,888 
(6,824) 
173,064 
142,764 
315,828 

2011 
£000 

59,011 
59,873 
59,997 
59,352 
52,850 
50,189 
49,029 
48,858 
48,977 
49,208 

2012 
£000 

74,361 
69,805 
65,297 
61,795 
55,686 
51,766 
50,762 
50,079 
50,356 

2013 
£000 

67,690 
57,538 
51,828 
47,942 
43,568 
42,126 
40,587 
39,930 

2014 
£000 

50,025 
38,944 
38,215 
34,393 
30,252 
28,825 
28,865 

2015 
£000 

33,122 
31,041 
29,494 
26,981 
23,229 
22,806 

2016 
£000 

35,882 
30,906 
28,199 
27,493 
26,894 

2017 
£000 

2018 
£000 

2019 
£000 

2020 
£000 

Total 
£000 

33,134  31,981  32,688  33,502 
30,965  27,208  29,509 
28,854  23,787 
26,774 

49,208 

50,356 

39,930 

28,865 

22,806 

26,894 

26,774  23,787  29,509  33,502 

331,631 

Group 

At end of year 
One year later 
Two years later 
Three years later 
Four years later 
Five years later 
Six years later 
Seven years later 
Eight years later 
Nine years later 

Current estimate of 
ultimate claims 

Cumulative payments 
to date 

Outstanding liability 

Parent 

At end of year 
One year later 
Two years later 
Three years later 
Four years later 
Five years later 
Six years later 
Seven years later 
Eight years later 
Nine years later 

Current estimate of 
ultimate claims 

Cumulative payments 
to date 

Outstanding liability 

5,639 

4,882 

6,024 

7,612 

8,574 

12,545 

16,642  17,659  26,511  32,720 

Effect of discounting 
Present value 
Discounted liability in respect of earlier years 
Total discounted net liability (for liability classes) included in insurance liabilities in the statement of financial position 

(b) Life insurance contracts 
(i) Assumptions 
The most significant assumptions in determining life reserves are as follows: 

Mortality 
An appropriate base table of standard mortality is chosen depending on the type of contract. Where prudent, an allowance is made for future 
mortality improvements based on trends identified in population data. 

Investment returns 
Projected investment returns are based on actual yields for each asset class less an allowance for credit risk, where appropriate. The risk-
adjusted yields after allowance for investment expenses for the current valuation are as follows: 

UK and overseas government bonds: non-linked 
UK and overseas government bonds: index-linked 
Corporate debt instruments: index-linked 

2020 

-0.28% 
-2.72% 
-2.23% 

2019 

0.61% 
-2.18% 
-1.64% 

The investment return assumption is determined by calculating an overall yield on all cash flows projected to occur from the portfolio of financial 
assets which are assumed to back the relevant class of liabilities. 

Funeral plans renewal expense level and inflation 
Numbers of policies in force and both projected and actual expenses have been considered when setting the base renewal expense level. The 
unit renewal expense assumption for in-force business is £2.50 per annum (2019: £2.50 per annum). Additionally, now the in-force policy 
volumes are expected to fall,  much of the expenses of the company have been reserved for in a separate exercise. A reserve for these 
expenses is held at £5.8m (2019: £5.7m). 

Expense inflation is set with reference to the index-linked UK government bond rates of return, and published figures for earnings inflation, and 
is assumed to be 4.07% per annum (2019: 4.08%). 

Tax 
It has been assumed that current tax legislation and rates applicable at 31 December 2020 will continue to apply. All in-force business is 
classed as protection business and is expected to be taxed on a profits basis. 

(ii) Changes in assumptions 
Projected investment returns have been revised in line with the changes in the actual yields of the underlying assets. As a result, liabilities have 
increased by £5.0m (2019: £2.5m). 

The assumed future expenses of running the business have been revised based on expenses that are expected to be incurred by the company. 
The effect on insurance liabilities of the changes to renewal expense assumptions (described above) was a £0.7m increase (2019: £0.4m). 

The assumptions underlying the calculation of the fixed expense reserve have been revised to reflect updated views on the expenses that 
would be incurred as the portfolio reduces in scale. The effect of this one-off change is a reduction in liabilities of £0.7m. 

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(43,569) 

(45,474) 

(33,906) 

(21,253) 

(14,232) 

(14,349) 

(10,132) 

(6,128) 

(2,998) 

(782) 

(192,823) 

There has been no material change in the mortality assumptions. 

138,808 
(5,299) 
133,509 
118,934 
252,443 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
28 Insurance liabilities and reinsurance assets (continued) 

Notes to the financial statements 
28 Insurance liabilities and reinsurance assets (continued) 

244 

245 

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(iii) Sensitivity analysis 
The sensitivity of profit before tax to changes in the key assumptions used to calculate the life insurance liabilities is shown in the following table. 
No account has been taken of any correlation between the assumptions. 

Variable 

Deterioration in mortality 
Improvement in mortality 
Increase in fixed interest/cash yields 
Decrease in fixed interest/cash yields 
Worsening of base renewal expense level 
Improvement in base renewal expense level 
Increase in expense inflation 
Decrease in expense inflation 

(c) Movements in insurance liabilities and reinsurance assets 

Group 

Claims outstanding 
At 1 January 2020 
Cash (paid)/received for claims settled in the year 
Change in liabilities/reinsurance assets 
- arising from current year claims 
- arising from prior year claims 
- change in discount rate 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2020 
Provision for unearned premiums 
At 1 January 2020 
Increase in the period 
Release in the period 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2020 
Life business provision 
At 1 January 2020 
Effect of claims during the year 
Changes in assumptions 
Changes in methodology 
Change in discount rate 
Other movements 
At 31 December 2020 

Change in 
variable 

Potential increase/ 
(decrease) in the result 

2020 
£000 

1,300 
(1,600) 
200 
(700) 
(200) 
300 
(600) 
500 

2019 
£000 

1,000 
(1,100) 
500 
(600) 
(700) 
600 
(900) 
700 

+10% 
-10% 
+1% pa 
-1% pa 
+10% 
-10% 
+1% pa 
-1% pa 

Gross 
£000 

Reinsurance 
£000 

Net 
£000 

481,669 
(164,510) 

(89,982) 
59,024 

391,687 
(105,486) 

240,868 
(16,741) 
11,810 
7,896 
560,992 

203,096 
228,361 
(203,377) 
2,720 
230,800 

79,212 
(5,549) 
(1,077) 
(708) 
4,986

(7) 
76,857 

(97,272) 
2,691 
(898) 
(2,847) 
(129,284) 

(69,574) 
(78,170) 
69,748 
(1,397) 
(79,393) 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-

143,596 
(14,050) 
10,912 
5,049 
431,708 

133,522 
150,191 
(133,629) 
1,323 
151,407 

79,212 
(5,549) 
(1,077) 
(708) 
4,986 
(7) 
76,857 

Total insurance contract liabilities and reinsurance assets 

868,649 

(208,677) 

659,972 

Group 

Claims outstanding 
At 1 January 2019 
Cash (paid)/received for claims settled in the year 
Change in liabilities/reinsurance assets 
- arising from current year claims 
- arising from prior year claims 
- change in discount rate 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2019 
Provision for unearned premiums 
At 1 January 2019 
Increase in the period 
Release in the period 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2019 
Life business provision 
At 1 January 2019 
Effect of claims during the year 
Changes in assumptions 
Change in discount rate 
Other movements 
At 31 December 2019 

Gross  Reinsurance 
£000 
£000 

Net 
£000 

457,319 
(139,221) 

(78,731) 
40,808 

378,588 
(98,413) 

189,646 
(32,165) 
10,549 
(4,459) 
481,669 

180,766 
204,691 
(180,862) 
(1,499) 
203,096 

81,964 
(5,733) 
364 
2,483 
134 
79,212 

(58,688) 
5,888 
(599) 
1,340 
(89,982) 

(61,615) 
(70,165) 
61,416 
790 
(69,574) 

-
-
-
-
-
-

130,958 
(26,277) 
9,950 
(3,119) 
391,687 

119,151 
134,526 
(119,446) 
(709) 
133,522 

81,964 
(5,733) 
364 
2,483 
134 
79,212 

Total insurance contract liabilities and reinsurance assets 

763,977 

(159,556) 

604,421 

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Parent 

Claims outstanding 
At 1 January 2020 
Cash (paid)/received for claims settled in the year 
Change in liabilities/reinsurance assets 
- arising from current year claims 
- arising from prior year claims 
- change in discount rate 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2020 
Provision for unearned premiums 
At 1 January 2020 
Increase in the period 
Release in the period 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2020 

Claims outstanding 
At 1 January 2019 
Cash (paid)/received for claims settled in the year 
Change in liabilities/reinsurance assets 
- arising from current year claims 
- arising from prior year claims 
- change in discount rate 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2019 
Provision for unearned premiums 
At 1 January 2019 
Increase in the period 
Release in the period 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2019 

391,268 
(136,184) 

(56,174) 
34,368 

335,094 
(101,816) 

191,326 
(21,916) 
9,567 
522 
434,583 

165,004 
181,778 
(164,992) 
(171) 
181,619 

(66,322) 
9,579 
-
99 
(78,450) 

(50,527) 
(56,074) 
50,555 
(20) 
(56,066) 

125,004 
(12,337) 
9,567 
621 
356,133 

114,477 
125,704 
(114,437) 
(191) 
125,553 

381,631 
(112,589) 

(54,357) 
24,498 

327,274 
(88,091) 

140,367 
(25,030) 
7,862 
(973) 
391,268 

149,808 
165,625 
(150,384) 
(45) 
165,004 

(27,217) 
807 
-
95 
(56,174) 

(45,881) 
(50,631) 
45,926 
59 
(50,527) 

113,150 
(24,223) 
7,862 
(878) 
335,094 

103,927 
114,994 
(104,458) 
14 
114,477 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 

Notes to the financial statements 

29 Provisions for other liabilities and contingent liabilities 

30 Deferred tax 

246 

247 

Group 

At 31 December 2019 
Acquisitions
Additional provisions 
Used during year 
Not utilised 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2020 

Current
Non-current 

Parent 

At 31 December 2019 
Additional provisions 
Used during year 
Not utilised 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2020 

Current 
Non-current 

Regulatory 
and legal 
provisions 
£000 

Contingent 
consideration 
£000 

Other 
provisions 
£000 

2,565 
 -
5,644 
(5,859) 
(21) 
-
2,329

2,329 
-

2,565 
5,644 
(5,859)
(21)
-
2,329 

2,329 
-

23 
418 
-
(22) 
-
-
419 

419 
-

-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-

2,279 
-
1,465 
-
-
7 
3,751 

1,669 
2,082 

2,130 
1,380 
-
-
3 
3,513 

1,669 
1,844 

Total 
£000 

4,867 
418 
7,109 
(5,881) 
(21) 
7 
6,499 

4,417 
2,082 

4,695 
7,024 
(5,859) 
(21) 
3 
5,842 

3,998 
1,844 

Regulatory and legal provisions 
The Group operates in the financial services industry and is subject to regulatory requirements in the normal course of business, including 
contributing towards any levies raised on UK general and life business. The provisions reflect an assessment by the Group of its share of the 
total potential levies. 

In addition, from time to time the Group receives complaints from customers and, while the majority relate to cases where there has been no 
customer detriment, we recognise that we have provided, and continue to provide, advice and services across a wide spectrum of regulated 
activities. We therefore believe that it is prudent to hold a provision for the estimated costs of customer complaints relating to services provided. 
The Group continues to reassess the ultimate level of complaints expected and the appropriateness of the provision, which reflects the 
expected redress and associated administration costs that would be payable in relation to any complaints we may uphold. 

Contingent consideration 
Acquisitions included within the provision for contingent consideration relates to the acquisition of WRS Insurance Brokers Limited as disclosed 
in note 16. 

Other provisions 
The provision for other costs relates to costs in respect of dilapidations. 

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An analysis and reconciliation of the movement of the key components of the net deferred tax liability during the current and prior reporting period is 
as follows: 

Group 

At 1 January 2019 
Charged/(credited) to profit or loss 
Credited to other comprehensive income 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2019 

(Credited)/charged to profit or loss 
Charged/(credited) to profit or loss 
- Impact of change in deferred tax rate 
Credited to other comprehensive income 
(Credited)/charged to other comprehensive income 
- Impact of change in deferred tax rate 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2020 

Parent 

At 1 January 2019 
Charged/(credited) to profit or loss 
(Credited)/charged to other comprehensive income 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2019 

(Credited)/charged to profit or loss 
Charged/(credited) to profit or loss 
- Impact of change in deferred tax rate 
Credited to other comprehensive income 
(Credited)/charged to other comprehensive income 
- Impact of change in deferred tax rate 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2020 

Unrealised 
gains on 
investments 
£000 

Net 
retirement 
benefit 
assets 
£000 

Equalisation 
reserve 
£000 

Other 
differences 
£000 

27,566 
6,500 
-
15 
34,081 

1,753 
(130) 
(1,198)
 -
425 

2,204 
(770) 

-
-
1,434 

(1,607) 
(851) 
(110) 
74 
(2,494) 

Total 
£000 

29,916 
4,749 
(1,308) 
89 
33,446 

(6,569) 

(204) 

(790) 

2,168 

(5,395) 

4,050 
-

-
(4) 
31,558 

27,274 
5,875 
-
-
33,149 

232 
(3,291) 

(182) 

-

(3,020) 

1,755 
(130) 
(1,198) 

-
427 

145 
-

-
-
789 

2,204 
(770) 

-
-
1,434 

(171) 
(9) 

24 
(77) 
(559) 

(163) 
(318) 
(110) 
9 
(582) 

4,256 
(3,300) 

(158) 
(81) 
28,768 

31,070 
4,657 
(1,308) 
9 
34,428 

(6,489) 

(204) 

(790) 

971 

(6,512) 

3,900 
-

232 
(3,290) 

-

(182) 

145 
-

-

30,560 

(3,017) 

789 

(165) 
(9) 

24 
(9) 
230 

4,112 
(3,299) 

(158) 
(9) 
28,562 

The equalisation reserve was previously required by law and maintained in compliance with insurance companies' regulations.  Transfers to this 
reserve were deemed to be tax deductible under legislation that applied prior to 1 January 2016 and gave rise to deferred tax.  With effect from 
the implementation date of Solvency II, 1 January 2016, these reserves become taxable over 6 years under the transition rules set out by HM 
Treasury. 

Certain deferred tax assets and liabilities have been offset where the Group has a legally enforceable right to do so. The following is the 
analysis of the deferred tax balances (after offset) for financial reporting purposes: 

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Deferred tax liabilities 
Deferred tax assets 

2020 

2019 

Group 
£000 

29,846 
(1,078)
28,768 

Parent 
£000 

28,562 
-
28,562 

Group 
£000 

35,649 
(2,203)
33,446 

Parent 
£000 

34,428 
-
34,428 

The Group has unused tax losses of £12,954,000 (2019: £13,361,000) arising from life business and capital transactions, which are available 
for offset against future profits and can be carried forward indefinitely. No deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of these losses 
due to the unpredictability of future profit streams. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 

31 Other liabilities and deferred income 

Creditors arising out of direct insurance operations 
Creditors arising out of reinsurance operations 
Derivative liabilities 
Creditors arising from broking activities 
Other creditors 
Amounts owed to related parties 
Accruals 

Current 
Non-current 

248 

Notes to the financial statements 
32 Leases (continued) 

2020 

2019 

Group 
£000 

3,055 
39,190 
1,244 
4,343 
24,020 
3 
21,706 
93,561 

93,011 
550

Parent 
£000 

1,556 
24,539 
1,244
 -
12,304 
45 
15,399 
55,087 

55,087 
 -

Group 
£000 

2,215 
26,652
 -
4,258 
18,085 
4 
25,738 
76,952 

76,533 
419

Parent 
£000 

1,418 
14,567
 -
-
10,109 
24 
19,448 
45,566 

45,566 
 -

Parent 

At 31 December 2019 
Additions 
Disposals 
Depreciation expense 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2020 

At 31 December 2018 
Transition to IFRS 16 
At 1 January 2019 
Additions 
Disposals 
Depreciation expense 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2019 

249 

Total 
£000 

8,704 
16,994 
(193) 
(2,626) 
(17) 
22,862 

-
8,400
8,400 
3,038 
(570) 
(2,126) 
(38) 
8,704 

Land and 
buildings 
£000 

Motor 
vehicles 
£000 

Other 
equipment 
£000 

7,449 
16,617 
-

(2,310) 
(18) 
21,738 

-
6,865 
6,865 
2,805 
(442) 
(1,741) 
(38) 
7,449 

1,028 
377 
(193) 
(219) 

-
993 

-
1,315 
1,315 
128 
(128) 
(287) 

-
1,028 

227 
-
-
(97) 
1 
131 

-
220 
220 
105 
-
(98) 
-
227 

Derivative liabilities are in respect of equity futures contracts and are detailed in note 23. 

Deferred income of the Group and Parent is a current liability in both the current and prior year. 

Included within deferred income of the Group is £308,000 (2019: £278,000) classified as contract liabilities in accordance with IFRS 15. 
Included within deferred income of the Parent is £nil (2019: £nil) classified as contract liabilities in accordance with IFRS 15. 

32 Leases 

Group as a lessee 
The Group has lease contracts for various items of property, motor vehicles and other equipment used in its operations. Leases of property 
generally have terms of up to 15 years, while motor vehicles and other equipment generally have lease terms between 2 and 6 years. Lease 
terms are negotiated on an individual basis and contain different terms and conditions, but do not impose any covenants other than security 
interests. The Group's obligations under its leases are secured by the lessor's title to the leased assets, and leased assets may not be used as 
security for borrowing purposes. 

Set out below are the carrying amounts of right-of-use assets recognised and the movements during the period. 

Group 

At 31 December 2019 
Additions 
Disposals 
Depreciation expense 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2020

At 31 December 2018
Transition to IFRS 16 
At 1 January 2019 
Additions 
Disposals 
Depreciation expense 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2019 

Land and 
buildings 
£000 

Motor 
vehicles 
£000 

Other 
equipment 
£000 

9,961 
17,125 
-

(2,901) 
46 
24,231 

 -
9,962 
9,962 
2,864 
(442) 
(2,336) 
(87) 
9,961 

1,038 
474
(193)
(254) 
3 
1,068 

-
1,362 
1,362 
128 
(128) 
(323) 
(1) 
1,038 

305 
 -
 -
(118) 
2 
189 

-
297 
297 
150 
(21) 
(120) 
(1) 
305 

Total 
£000 

11,304 
17,599 
(193) 
(3,273)
51 
25,488 

-
11,621 
11,621 
3,142 
(591) 
(2,779) 
(89) 
11,304 

Set out below are the carrying amounts of lease obligations: 

Current 
Non-current 

2020 
Group  Parent 

£000 

£000 

3,502 
21,948 
25,450 

2,725 
20,113 
22,838 

2019 

Group 
£000 

2,985 
9,938 
12,923 

Parent 
£000 

2,460 
7,868 
10,328 

Group profit for the year has been arrived at after charging the following amounts in respect of lease contracts: 

Depreciation expense of right-of-use assets 
Interest expense on lease liabilities 
Expenses relating to short-term leases 

2020 
£000 

3,273 
773 
9
4,055 

2019 
£000 

2,779 
581 
-
3,360 

The Group had total cash outflows for leases, including interest paid, of £5,872,000 (2019: £3,371,000). The Parent had total cash outflows for 
leases, including interest paid, of £5,103,000 (2019: £2,653,000). The future cash outflows relating to leases that have not yet commenced are 
disclosed in note 33. 

The Group has several lease contracts that include extension and termination options. These options are negotiated by management to provide 
flexibility in managing the leased-asset portfolio and align with the Group's business needs. Management exercises significant judgement in 
determining whether these extension and termination options are reasonably certain to be exercised, as disclosed in note 2. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
250 

251 

Notes to the financial statements 
32 Leases (continued) 

Notes to the financial statements 

Group as a lessor 
Finance leases 
The Group has a finance leasing arrangement as a lessor to sublease a commercial office space no longer occupied by the Group. The 
remaining term of the finance lease is 2 years. The contract does not include an extension or early termination option. 

33 Commitments 

At the year end, the Group and Parent had no capital commitments relating to computer software (2019: £2,559,000) and £2,506,000 capital 
commitments (2019: £nil) relating to furniture, fittings and equipment. 

2020 

Group 
£000 

Parent 
£000 

2019 

Group 
£000 

Parent 
£000 

The Group has lease contracts for right of use assets that had not commenced at 31 December 2020. These leases will commence in 2021. 
The lease for other equipment has a term of 6 years with expected cash outflow of £12,000 per annum. The lease for motor vehicles has a 
term of 4 years with an expected cash outflow of £23,000 per annum. 

Year 1 
Year 2 
Year 3
Undiscounted lease payments 
Less: unearned finance income 
Net investment in the lease 

131 
110 
-
241 
(5) 
236 

131 
110 
-
241 
(5) 
236 

134 
134 
111 
379 
(13) 
366 

Net investment in the lease is recognised in other assets as shown in note 24. 

Group profit for the year has been arrived at after crediting the following amounts in respect of finance lease contracts: 

Selling profit for finance leases
Finance income on the net investment in finance leases 

2020 
£000 

-
7 
7 

134 
134 
111 
379 
(13) 
366 

2019 
£000 

21 
8 
29 

Operating leases 
The Group has entered into operating leases on its investment property portfolio. These leases have terms of up to 50 years. All leases include 
a clause to enable upward revision of the rental charge on an annual basis according to prevailing market conditions. The lessee is also required 
to provide a residual value guarantee on the properties. Rental income on these properties recognised by the Group during the year is disclosed 
in note 21. 

Future minimum rentals receivable under non-cancellable operating leases as at 31 December are as follows: 

Year 1 
Year 2 
Year 3 
Year 4 
Year 5 
After 5 years 

2020 

2019 

Group 
£000 

8,150 
7,290 
6,773 
6,390 
5,441 
22,163 
56,207 

Parent 
£000 

8,150 
7,290 
6,773 
6,390 
5,441 
22,163 
56,207 

Group 
£000 

8,220 
7,643 
6,850 
6,455 
6,160 
29,065 
64,393 

Parent 
£000 

8,220 
7,643 
6,850 
6,455 
6,160 
29,065 
64,393 

34 Related undertakings 

Ultimate parent company and controlling party 
The Company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ecclesiastical Insurance Group plc. Its ultimate parent and controlling company is Allchurches 
Trust Limited. Both companies are incorporated and operate in the United Kingdom and copies of their financial statements are available from 
the registered office as shown on page 258. The parent companies of the smallest and largest groups for which group financial statements 
are drawn up are Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc and Allchurches Trust Limited, respectively. 

Related undertakings 
The Company's interest in related undertakings at 31 December 2020 is as follows: 

Company 

Subsidiary undertakings 

Incorporated in the United Kingdom 

Ecclesiastical Financial Advisory Services Limited * 
Ecclesiastical Life Limited * 
EdenTree Investment Management Limited * 
E.I.O. Trustees Limited * ^ 
Ecclesiastical Group Healthcare Trustees Limited * 
SEIB Insurance Brokers Limited * 
South Essex Insurance Holdings Limited * 
WRS Insurance Brokers Limited * 

Incorporated in Australia 

Company 
Registration  Share 
Capital 
Number 

Holding of shares by 
Company  Group  Activity 

2046087 
0243111 
2519319 
0941199 
10988127 
6317314 
6317313 
0878984 

Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary
Ordinary 
Ordinary

100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
 -
100%
 -

100%
100%
 -

 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
100% 
 -

Independent financial advisory 
Life insurance 
Investment management 
Trustee company 
Trustee company 
Insurance agents and brokers 
Investment holding company 

100%  Dormant company 

 -
 -

Insurance 
Risk management services 

100%  Dormant company 

Ansvar Insurance Limited ** 
Ansvar Risk Management Services Pty Limited** 
Ansvar Insurance Services Pty Limited ** † 

007216506  Ordinary 
623695054  Ordinary 
162612286  Ordinary

* 
** 
^ 
† 

Registered office: Benefact House, 2000, Pioneer Avenue, Gloucester Business Park, Brockworth, Gloucester, GL3 4AW, United Kingdom 

Registered office: Level 5, Southbank Boulevard, Melbourne, VIC 3006, Australia 

Exempt from audit under s480 of the Companies Act 2006 

Exempt from audit 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 

Notes to the financial statements 
35 Related party transactions (continued) 

252 

253 

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35 Related party transactions 

Transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties, have been eliminated on consolidation and are not included in 
the Group analysis, but are included within the Parent analysis below. 

Ecclesiastical Insurance Group plc is the Group and Parent's immediate parent company. Other related parties, of both Group and Parent, include 
subsidiary undertakings of Ecclesiastical Insurance Group plc, the ultimate parent undertaking and the Group's pension plans. 

2020 
Group 
Trading, investment and other income, including recharges, and amounts received 
Trading, investment and other expenditure, including recharges, and amounts paid 
Amounts owed by related parties 
Amounts owed to related parties 

Parent 
Trading, investment and other income, including recharges, and amounts received 
Trading, investment and other expenditure, including recharges, and amounts paid 
Amounts owed by related parties 
Amounts owed to related parties 

2019 
Group 
Trading, investment and other income, including recharges, and amounts received 
Trading, investment and other expenditure, including recharges, and amounts paid 
Amounts owed by related parties 
Amounts owed to related parties 

Parent 
Trading, investment and other income, including recharges, and amounts received 
Trading, investment and other expenditure, including recharges, and amounts paid 
Amounts owed by related parties 
Amounts owed to related parties 

Ecclesiastical 
Insurance 
Group plc 
£000 

Subsidiaries 
£000 

480 
13,525 
50,991
 -

480 
13,525 
50,991 
-

461 
8,590 
37,900
 -

461 
8,590 
37,900 
-

-
-
-
-

3,238 
20,980 
3,873 
2,265 

-
-
-
-

15,249 
3,743 
4,205 
1,612 

Other 
related 
parties 
£000 

1,880 
4,534 
1,692 
57,427 

535 
1,467 
1,649
 -

1,790 
2,481 
1,144 
57,222 

529 
867 
1,134
 -

During the year, the Company received premiums, commission and reinsurance recoveries via a related party insurance agency amounting to 
£38,000 (2019: £116,000) and paid reinsurance protection, commission and claims amounting to £34,000 (2019: £299,000). 

Trading, investment and other expenditure, including recharges, and amounts paid in the current year includes loans totalling £13.1m (2019: 
£8.5m) and acquisition of shares totalling £11.1m (2019: £nil). 

Amounts owed to related parties by the Group and by the Parent include insurance liabilities which are included in note 28. 

Transactions and services within the Group are made on commercial terms. With the exception of some insurance liabilities, amounts outstanding 
between Group companies are unsecured, are not subject to guarantees, and will be settled in cash. No provisions have been made in respect of 
these balances. 

The total aggregate remuneration of the directors in respect of qualifying services during 2020 was £2,344,000 (2019: £2,446,000). After 
inclusion of amounts receivable under long-term incentive schemes and pension benefits, the total aggregate emoluments of the directors was 
£3,043,000 (2019: £3,379,000). The key management personnel is defined as the Group Management Board (Ecclesiastical's leadership team), 
Executive and Non-executive directors. The remuneration is shown below. 

Key management personnel 
Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Pension costs - defined contribution plans 
Fees and benefits for non-executive directors 

2020 

2019 

Group 
£000 

3,645 
558 
241 
606 
5,050 

Parent 
£000 

3,645 
558 
241 
606 
5,050 

Group 
£000 

4,713 
443 
213 
568 
5,937 

Parent 
£000 

4,713 
443 
213 
568 
5,937 

Charitable grants paid to the Group's ultimate Parent undertaking are disclosed in note 15. Contributions paid to and amounts received from the 
Group's defined benefits schemes are disclosed in note 19. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 

Notes to the financial statements 
36 Reconciliation of Alternative Performance Measures (continued) 

254 

255 

36 Reconciliation of Alternative Performance Measures 

Group 

The Group uses alternative performance measures (APM) in addition to the figures which are prepared in accordance with IFRS. The financial 
measures included in our key performance indicators are set out on page 46: regulatory capital, combined operating ratio (COR), net expense 
ratio (NER) and net inflows are APM. These measures are commonly used in the industries the Group operates in and are considered to provide 
useful information and enhance the understanding of the results. 

Users of the accounts should be aware that similarly titled APM reported by other companies may be calculated differently. For that reason, the 
comparability of APM across companies might be limited. 

In line with the European Securities and Markets Authority guidelines, we provide a reconciliation of the COR and NER to its most directly 
reconcilable line item in the financial statements. Regulatory capital and net inflows to funds managed by Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc's 
subsidiary, EdenTree Investment Management Limited, do not have an IFRS equivalent. Net inflows are the difference between the funds 
invested (gross inflows) less funds withdrawn (redemptions) during the year by third parties in a range of funds EdenTree Investment 
Management Limited offers. Regulatory capital is covered in more detail in note 4(i). 

2020 

Inv'mnt 

Broking 
and 
mngt  Advisory 

Inv'mnt 
return 

Corporate 
costs 

Total 

£000 

£000 

£000 

£000 

£000 

Insurance 

General 
£000 

Life 
£000 

437,287 
(173,074)
(16,562)
247,651 

47,742 
2,126 
-
297,519 

12
 -
 -
12

-
-

(484) 
(472) 

 -
-
-
 -

-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-

-
-

12,382 
-
(25)
(4,600) 
(4,600)  12,357 

9,458
-
811
10,269 

(224,127)  1,333
 -
(13) 
(380) 
940 

94,581
(84,852) 
(71,069) 
(285,467) 

 -
-
-

(2,813) 
(2,813) 

-
-

(939) 
(12,449) 
(13,388) 

-
-
360

(8,149)  [5] 
(7,789) 

(21,533) 
(21,533) 

-
-
-
-

 -
-
-
-

-
-
 -

437,299 
(173,074) 
(16,562) 
247,663 

69,582
2,126 
(4,298) 

315,073

(222,794) 
94,581 
(85,444) 
(116,393) 
(330,050) 

Group 

Revenue 
Gross written premiums 
Outward reinsurance premiums 
Net change in provision for unearned premiums 
Net earned premiums 

Fee and commission income 
Other operating income 
Net investment return 
Total revenue 

Expenses 
Claims and change in insurance liabilities 
Reinsurance recoveries 
Fees, commissions and other acquisition costs 
Other operating and administrative expenses 
Total operating expenses 

Operating profit 
Finance costs 
Profit before tax 

Underwriting profit 

Combined operating ratio 

[1] 

[2] 

[3] 
[4] 

[6] 

[6] 

12,052 

95.1% 

2019 

Inv'mnt 

Broking 
and 
mngt  Advisory 

Inv'mnt 
return 

Corporate 
costs 

Total 

£000 

£000 

£000 

£000 

£000 

Insurance 

General 
£000 

Life 
£000 

393,965 
(152,886)
(15,080)
225,999 

49,368 
544
-
275,911 

(13)
 -
 -
(13)

-
 -
989 
976 

 -
-
-
 -

-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-

-
-
72,596 
72,596 

12,795 
-
19 
12,814 

9,077 
-
834 
9,911 

(157,481) 
52,800
(72,383) 
(78,829) 
(255,893) 

(327) 

-
(14) 
(300) 
(641) 

-
-
-

(3,057) 
(3,057)

-
-

(819) 
(12,305) 
(13,124) 

-
-
476 
(8,236) 
(7,760) 

-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-

-
-
-

[5] 

(17,850) 
(17,850) 

393,952 
(152,886) 
(15,080) 
225,986 

71,240 
544 
74,438 
372,208 

(157,808) 
52,800 
(72,740)
(120,577) 
(298,325) 

20,018 
(531)
19,487 

335 
 -
335 

69,539 
-
69,539 

(310) 

-

(310) 

2,151 
(89)
2,062 

(17,850) 

 -

(17,850) 

73,883 
(620) 
73,263 

Revenue 
Gross written premiums 
Outward reinsurance premiums 
Net change in provision for unearned premiums 
Net earned premiums 

Fee and commission income 
Other operating income 
Net investment return 
Total revenue 

Expenses 
Claims and change in insurance liabilities 
Reinsurance recoveries 
Fees, commissions and other acquisition costs 
Other operating and administrative expenses 
Total operating expenses 

Operating profit 
Finance costs 
Profit before tax 

Underwriting profit 

Combined operating ratio 

[1] 

[2] 

[3] 
[4] 

[6] 

[6] 

20,018 

91.1% 

Net expenses ( = [2] + [3] + [4] + [5] ) 

[7] 

(119,694) 

Net expense ratio 

53% 

37 Events after the balance sheet date 
In February 2021 the Company raised EUR 30m in nominal amount of Tier 2 Capital by way of a privately-placed issue of 20-year 
subordinated bonds, callable after year 10. The rate of interest until the call date is fixed at 6.3144%. 

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12,052 
(686)
11,366

468 
 -
468

(7,413)
-

(1,031) 

-

(7,413) 

(1,031) 

2,480 
(83) 
2,397 

(21,533) 

-

(21,533) 

(14,977)
(769) 
(15,746) 

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Net expenses ( = [2] + [3] + [4] + [5] ) 

[7] 

(129,712) 

Net expense ratio 

52% 

The underwriting profit of the Group is defined as the operating profit of the general insurance business. 

The Group uses the industry standard net COR as a measure of underwriting efficiency. The COR expresses the total of net claims costs, 
commission and underwriting expenses as a percentage of net earned premiums. It is calculated as ( [1] - [6] ) / [1] ). 

The NER expresses total underwriting and corporate expenses as a proportion of net earned premiums. It is calculated as 
- [7] / [1]. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Financial StatementsSection Four 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
256 

Section Five 

Other Information 

Directors, executive management and company information 

United Kingdom regional centres 

United Kingdom business division and international branches 

Insurance subsidiaries and agencies 

Notice of meeting 

Notes 

257 

258 

260 

261 

262 

263 

264 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section FiveOther Information 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors, executive management and company information (unaudited) 

Directors, executive management and company information (unaudited) 

258 

259 

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Directors 

*  R. D. C. Henderson FCA Chairman 
*  F. X. Boisseau MSc 

D. P. Cockrem, MA, FCA Group Chief Financial Officer 
M. C. J. Hews BSc (Hons), FIA Group Chief Executive 

*  Sir S. M. J. Lamport GCVO, DL 
*  N. P. Maidment MA, FCII 
*  A. J. McIntyre MA, ACA, FRCO 
*  C. J. G. Moulder MA, FCA Senior Independent Director 
*  C. H. Taylor BSc (Hons) Banking and International Finance 
S. J. Whyte MC Inst. M, ACII Deputy Group Chief Executive 

*  A. Winther BA 

Company Secretary 

Mrs R. J. Hall FCG 

Registered and Head Office 

Benefact House, 
2000 Pioneer Avenue, 
Gloucester Business Park, 
Brockworth, 
Gloucester, GL3 4AW 
Tel: 0345 777 3322 

Company Registration Number 

00024869 

Investment Management Office 

Legal advisers 

24 Monument Street 
London EC3R 8AJ 
Tel: 0800 358 3010 

Charles Russell Speechlys LLP 
London 

DAC Beachcrofts LLP 
Leeds, London and Bristol 

Harrison Clark Rickerbys LLP 
Cheltenham 

Matheson 
Dublin 

William Fry 
Dublin 

Pinsent Masons LLP 
Birmingham and London 

Burges Salmon LLP 
Bristol and London 

CMS Cameron McKenna with Nabarro and Olswang LLP 
London, Leeds and Bristol 

Fieldfisher Capital LLP 
Dublin 

Wynne-Jones IP Limited 
Cheltenham 

Eversheds Sutherland LLP 
Cardiff 

Auditor 

Registrar 

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
Bristol 

Computershare Investor Services plc 
The Pavilions 
Bridgwater Road 
Bristol BS13 8AE 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section FiveOther Information 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United Kingdom regional centres (unaudited) 

United Kingdom business division and international branches (unaudited) 

260 

261 

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Central and South West 

Office: 

London and South East 

North 

Tel: 

Office: 

Tel: 

Office: 

Tel: 

12th Floor 
Alpha Tower 
Suffolk Street 
Queensway 
Birmingham B1 1TT 
0345 605 0209 

24 Monument Street 
London EC3R 8AJ 
0345 608 0069 

St Ann's House 
St Ann's Place 
Manchester M2 7LP 
0345 603 7554 

Ansvar Insurance 
Business Division 

Managing Director: 
Office: 

Canada Branch 

Tel: 

Deputy Group Chief Executive, 
Ecclesiastical Insurance and 
General Manager and Chief Agent: 
Chief Office: 

-

-

-

-

Eastern Region: 

Regional Vice President: 

Western Region: 

Regional Vice President: 

Pacific Region: 

Regional Vice President: 

Central Region and 
National Accounts: 

Regional Vice President: 

Ireland Branch 

Managing Director: 
Office: 

S. Cox ACII Chartered Insurer 
Ansvar House 
31 St. Leonards Road 
Eastbourne, East Sussex BN21 3UR 
0345 60 20 999 

S. J. Whyte MC Inst M, ACII 
2200-100 Wellington St W, TD West Tower 
P.O. Box 307 
Toronto, Ontario M5K 1K2 

K. Biermann BBA, CIP 
100 Eileen Stubbs Avenue 
Suite 201 
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia  B3B 1Y6 

K. Webster CRM, FCIP 
Suite 521, 10333 Southport Road S.W. 
Calgary, Alberta T2W 3X6 

N de Souza Jensen BA, CIP 
Suite 1713, Three Bentall Centre 
595 Burrard Street, Box 49096 
Vancouver, British Columbia V7X 1G4 

R. Jordan BBA, CRM, FCIP 
2200-100 Wellington St W, TD West Tower 
P.O. Box 307 
Toronto, Ontario M5K 1K2 

D. G. Lane B.Comm (Hons), Certified Insurance Director 
2nd Floor, Block F2 
Eastpoint 
Dublin 3, DO3 T6P8 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section FiveOther Information 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Insurance subsidiaries and agencies (unaudited) 

Notice of meeting (unaudited) 

262 

263 

Ansvar Insurance Limited 

Chief Executive Officer: 
Head Office: 

W. R. Hutcheon MBA, GAICD, Fellow ANZIIF (CIP) 
Level 5 
1 Southbank Boulevard 
Southbank 
Melbourne VIC 3006 

NOTICE is hereby given that the Annual General Meeting of Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc will be held at Benefact House, 2000 Pioneer 
Avenue, Gloucester Business Park, Brockworth, Gloucester, GL3 4AW on Thursday, 15th July 2021 at 11:30am for the following purposes: 

Ordinary business (unaudited) 

Ecclesiastical Life Limited 

Head Office: 

Ecclesiastical Underwriting 
Management Limited 

Office: 

SEIB Insurance 
Brokers Limited 

Director: 
Office: 

Tel: 

Benefact House, 
2000 Pioneer Avenue, 
Gloucester Business Park, 
Brockworth, 
Gloucester, 
GL3 4AW 

Benefact House, 
2000 Pioneer Avenue, 
Gloucester Business Park, 
Brockworth, 
Gloucester, 
GL3 4AW 

B. W. Fehler 
South Essex House, North Road 
South Ockendon 
Essex RM15 5BE 
01708 850000 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

To receive the Report of the Directors and Accounts for the year ended 31st December 2020 and the report of the 
auditors thereon. 

To re-elect Mr F. X. Boisseau as a director.* 

To re-elect Mr R. D. C. Henderson as a director.* 

To re-elect Mr M. C. J. Hews as a director.* 

To re-elect Mr A. J. McIntyre as a director.* 

To re-elect Mr C. J. G. Moulder as a director.* 

To re-elect Mrs C. H. Taylor as a director.* 

To re-elect Mrs S. J. Whyte as a director.* 

To re-elect Mr A. Winther as a director.* 

To elect Mrs D. Cockrem as a director.* 

To elect Mr N. Maidment as a director.* 

To elect Sir S. Lamport as a director.* 

To consider the declaration of a dividend. 

To appoint PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as auditors and authorise the directors to fix their remuneration. 

By order of the Board 

Mrs R. J. Hall, Secretary 
18 March 2021 

* Brief biographies of the directors seeking re-election are shown on pages 94 to 96 of the 2020 Annual Report. All non-executive directors 
seeking re-election have  been subject to formal  performance evaluation by the Chairman who is satisfied that the performance of each non-
executive director is effective and sufficient time has been spent on the Company’s affairs. 

Only a member holding ordinary shares, or their duly appointed representative(s), is entitled to attend, vote and speak at the annual general 
meeting. 

A member holding ordinary shares is entitled to appoint a proxy or proxies (who need not be a member of the Company) to exercise all or any of 
their rights to attend, speak and vote on their behalf at the annual general meeting. Such a member may appoint more than one proxy in relation 
to the annual general meeting provided that each proxy is appointed to exercise the rights attached to a different share or shares held by that 
member. 

Any corporation which is a member holding ordinary shares can appoint one or more corporate representatives who may exercise, on its behalf, 
all of the same powers as that corporation could exercise if it were an individual member, provided that they do not do so in relation to the same 
share or shares and that they act within the powers of their appointment. 

This  notice  is  sent  purely  for  information  to  the  holders  of  8.625%  Non-Cumulative  Irredeemable  Preference  shares  who  are  not  entitled  to 
attend and vote at the annual general meeting. 

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Ecclesiastical Annual Report & Accounts 2020Section FiveOther Information 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes 

264 

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Fable 
Design. Art Direction. Production. 
fablecreative.co.uk 

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Section FiveOther Information 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annual Report & Accounts 2020 
Ecclesiastical Insurance Office plc 
Benefact House 
2000 Pioneer Avenue 
Gloucester Business Park 
Brockworth 
Gloucester 
GL3 4AW 

Ecclesiastical  Insurance  Office  plc  (EIO)  Reg.  No.  24869.  Registered  in  England  at  Benefact  House,  2000,  Pioneer  Avenue,  Gloucester  Business  Park,  Brockworth,  Gloucester,  GL3  4AW 
,
United Kingdom. EIO is authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority. Firm Reference Number 113848.