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Ecology and Environment, Inc.

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FY2011 Annual Report · Ecology and Environment, Inc.
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A N N U A L  R E P O R T  2 0 1 1

Global

Environment

al Specialists

E & E played a key role in the development of El Paso Corporation’s 680-mile (1,094-km)
Ruby Natural Gas Pipeline which, through renewable energy credits, GHG allowances,
and carbon offsets, is the nation’s first carbon-neutral pipeline.

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Working Together,
Finding Solutions

Fiscal Year 2011 was a record-breaking one for Ecology and Environment, Inc.
(E & E) with $169.2 million in revenues, an increase of $25.1 million from Fiscal Year
(FY) 2010. Net income increased 63.5% to $1.65 per share, the highest ever. These
increases in revenues and profits – despite the downturn in the economy and growing
political uncertainty – is attributable to the Company’s strategic growth in emerging
global markets, our sound fiscal management, and the hard work of E & E’s worldwide
staff of over 1,000 dedicated environmental professionals. Our Board of Directors was
pleased to reflect this year’s record performance to shareholders by increasing our semi-
annual dividend to $0.24 per share, the 50th consecutive dividend since the Company
became public in 1987 that equaled or exceeded the previous dividend.

E & E iswell positioned to address the growing global demand for environmental services because we
have thought of our mission as a global one ever since we were founded in 1970. Over the last four
decades, we have brought our technical expertise, our collaborative approach, and our comprehensive
understanding of the natural environment to over 50,000 projects in 113 countries, working in nearly
every ecosystem on our planet.

Out of an accelerated pace of global change and a growing sense of economic uncertainty comes a
recognition that the global economy must shift in order to stabilize. As the world seeks solutions that will
sustain global economic growth, there is a burgeoning understanding that true prosperity is inextricably
tied to sustainable practices and resource management that increase not only GDP but also quality of life.
E & E has been working with clients to provide global sustainable development since our founding. As
the demand for leadership in sustainability grows, we look forward to providing long-term solutions to the
planet's most pressing social, economic, and environmental challenges.

Kevin S. Neumaier, P.E.
President and Chief Executive Officer

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2011

Fiscal year ending July 31
2009

2008

2010

2007

Revenue

$169,173

$144,875

$146,887

$110,533

$102,496

Revenue less subcontract costs

$137,846

$113,806

$108,862

$

94,699

$

85,281

Net income attributable to
Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Net income per common share:
basic and diluted

$ 6,960

$    4,258

$

5,221

$

1,834

$

3,074

$      1.65

$      1.02

$      1.27

$      0.43

$      0.72

E & E has printed on 100% recycled paper since 1971.  The paper used for this annual report is 100% recycled,
100% post consumer waste, processed chlorine free, manufactured using biogas energy, printed with soy-based
inks, and certified by FSC.

Global Environmental Specialists

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1

One Company Working
Together, Finding Solutions

41

59

85

Years in Business

Global Offices

Professional Disciplines

RI/FS and Community
Action Planning for
Red Devil Mine Site
United States Department
of the Interior, Bureau of
Land Management (BLM),
Alaska State Office

Red Devil, Alaska

Puget Sound Wave
Energy Project
Columbia Power
Technologies

Offshore Puget Sound,
Washington

Environmental and Social
Impact Assessment for 2-D
Seismic Prospection and
Stratigraphic Well Drilling in
Blocks 128 and 122
Gran Tierra Energy

Loreto, Perú

E & E and Subsidiary Companies Project Experience

2 Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Adirondack Park
Carbon Offset
Program
The Wild Center
(Natural History
Museum of the
Adirondacks)

Adirondack Park,
New York

Environmental and
Planning Services for
AICUZ and RAICUZ
Studies
Naval Facilities Engineering
Command (NAVFAC),
Atlantic Division

Continental United States
and Caribbean

Costanera
Norte Toll
Road
Inter-American
Development
Bank (IDB)

Santiago, Chile

113

1,000+

50,000+

$169.2

Countries (Work Experience)

Dedicated Professionals

Projects

Million in Annual Revenues

North-South Natural
Gas Pipeline
Millennium Challenge
Corporation (MCC)

Republic of Georgia

Endangered Species
Critical Habitat
Assessments
Guinea Alumina
Corporation (GAC)

Guinea, West Africa

Jiangmen Wen Chang
Sha Wastewater
Treatment Plant
Jiangmen Biyuan
Wastewater Treatment Co.
Ltd. (JBTWC), via China
CNTC International
Tendering Co.

Jiangmen, Guangdong
Province, People's Republic
of China

New Doha International
Airport
Qatar Civil Aviation Authority,
via Bechtel

Doha, Qatar

IA

E
for Cabinda
South Onshore Block
Pluspetrol Angola
Corporation (Sucursal
Angola)

Cabinda, Angola

Bangladesh Petroleum
Resource Management
Bangladesh Hydrocarbon Unit

Bangladesh

Global Environmental Specialists

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E & E President and CEO Kevin Neumaier, P.E.,
with E & E's Valerie Neilson and students from
Liceo Industrial Chileno Aleman de Ñuñoa in
Santiago, Chile.  Chilean environmental leaders
have made a commitment to have schools
nation-wide conduct environmental projects
and post them on Project Earth, an interactive online
environmental education platform developed by E & E.

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Leadership

For over 40 years, we have maintained an unwavering
E & E leads by example.
commitment to environmental sustainability, evidenced not only in our client services but
also in our corporate culture. We do the right things for the right reasons – for our
organization, our employees, our clients, our planet, and our shareholders.

In an industry where credibility is built one relationship and one project at a time, our
commitment to technical excellence and open communication has served us well.
Adherence to our core values has established E & E as aglobal leader and guided our
growth through the past four decades. In FY 2011, we continued to lead the way,
marking several “firsts” – projects and initiatives that are exciting, groundbreaking, and
represent significant steps forward in global efforts to foster social, economic, and
environmental sustainability.

For example, as lead consultant for the Ruby Natural Gas Pipeline, E & E played a key role in bringing
the nation’s first carbon neutral pipeline into service.
The 680-mile (1,094-km) pipeline is a
$3 billion investment, transporting natural gas reserves in the Rocky Mountain region to growing
markets in the western United States. It addresses the growing domestic demand for natural gas and
associated transportation infrastructure. To meet California regulators’ concerns about greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions, project developers –
in an unprecedented effort – are offsetting
the project’s anticipated 576,500 tons
(523,000 metric tons) of carbon dioxide per
year by purchasing renewable energy
credits, GHG allowances, and carbon
offsets, making Ruby the first carbon-neutral
pipeline in the United States. At every project
development stage, E & E met or surpassed
the schedule requirements for the acquisition
and approval of environmental permits.

Our leadership is also exhibited by E & E’s work in bringing tomorrow’s environmental leaders
together through Project Earth, an interactive, online, environmental education platform that fosters
global knowledge transfer by empowering students and teachers around the world to share their
environmental projects with one another. We launched Project Earth in January 2010. To date,
In 2011,
students from over 1,240 schools in nearly 80 countries have posted over 1,040 projects.
environmental
their
environmental projects on Project Earth. With an expanding network of schools and outreach
initiatives in Costa Rica, Russia, Morocco, Kuwait, and several others countries, Project Earth
continues to foster global sustainability by bringing tomorrow’s environmental leaders together today.

leaders in Chile made a commitment

to have every Chilean school post

Global Environmental Specialists

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E & E is managing projects to evaluate and
restore Areas of Concern throughout the Great
Lakes. Under a multitask, multisite program, we
are providing Great Lakes Restoration Initiative
support to the USACE Buffalo District throughout
its 38,000-square-mile (98,420 km ) jurisdiction.

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Innovation

Recognizing the need for a comprehensive,
E & E was built on innovation.
multidisciplinary approach to emerging environmental regulation in 1970, E & E’s
founders assembled smart, dedicated project teams to provide clients with science-
based solutions that promote sustainable economic and human development with
minimal negative environmental impact. Like many of E & E’s early business practices, it
represented a new and different approach that was ahead of its time.

Innovation continues to be a core value at E & E. We hire the best and brightest
innovators in 85 scientific and engineering disciplines and we empower them to
collaborate with one another and with our partners to explore creative, pioneering ways
of meeting client needs, often exceeding client expectations. This approach has led to
some truly groundbreaking work in FY 2011.

For the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), we are providing basinwide support for the Great Lakes
Restoration Initiative, the largest investment in the Great Lakes in two decades.
E & E engineers and
scientists are working collaboratively with the USEPA’s Great Lakes National Program Office, as well as
with nonprofit agencies and nonfederal sponsors, to develop innovative remedial designs including
habitat restoration along with long-term planning, to improve overall watershed quality.

Our Brazilian subsidiary, E & E doBrasil, recently launched an innovative, mobile floating laboratory
on the Madeira River, Porto Velho area, in Rondônia. The new laboratory was designed for Santo
Antônio Energias’ Limnological Monitoring Program and is part of the larger environmental plan for
the construction of the Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power Plant. The laboratory will travel on the
Madeira River in the area of the Santo Antônio Hydro Power Project monitoring physical, chemical,
and biological variables that characterize the quality of the water in the region. Water temperature,
electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, hydrogenion potential
(pH), and turbidity will be
permanently monitored and transmitted back to the power plant via cell phone.

Under three separate contracts with the USACE Fort
Worth District, E & E isproviding cost-effective,
responsive, military master planning, sustainability,
and energy conservation services to help Fort Hood
planners and engineers respond to the need for long-
range planning and dynamic facility requirements at
one of the world’s largest U.S. Army installations. We
developed the Comprehensive Army Master
Planning System (CAMPS) based on our close,
collaborative work with Fort Hood’s planning staff.
CAMPS is a custom-tailored, Web-based, decision
support and visualization tool that provides Fort Hood with the ability to model future facility utilization
through the use of smart analytical capabilities and the latest in geographic information system (GIS)
and information technology (IT).

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At E & E, we work

closely with clients and
stakeholders to meet
project objectives.

Excellence

We expect a lot of ourselves at E & E, guided by a set of core values including hard
work, technical expertise, integrity, professionalism, open communication, and a
dedication to science. These fundamentals come together
in an unwavering
commitment to excellence in everything we do and in each project we undertake. Over
the course of 41 years, we have been recognized by our peers, our clients, and our
industry for the groundbreaking work we do. FY 2011 was no exception.

We were recognized by the Federal Planning Division of the American Planning Association with an
Environmental Planning Excellence Award for our groundbreaking work on the Eldorado-Ivanpah
Transmission Project. The project will help California
meet aggressive renewable portfolio standards and
connect the recently approved Ivanpah Solar Electric
Generating System, among other renewable projects, to
California’s energy grid. On a fast-track permitting
schedule, we worked with the California Public Utilities
Commission and the Bureau of Land Management to
develop the Proponent’s Environmental Assessment
Streamlining Approach, a pioneering process that sets
the standard for efficient and thorough environmental
review through teamwork, innovation, and initiative. By
emphasizing advanced coordination, proactive
stakeholder engagement, and agency consultation, the
process allowed for early identification of key issues and
timely resolution, preventing potential
led to their
permitting roadblocks.

Also in FY 2011, together with project partners the New York State Energy Research and Development

Authority (NYSERDA) and Seneca Cayuga Arc, E & E was awarded the “Project of the Year” for Flex-T
by the Intelligent Transportation Society of New York (ITS-NY). As an integrated component of our

®

leading alternative transportation solution, GreenRide , Flex-T enables easy coordination and
consolidation of transportation systems to allow for real-time ride scheduling and sharing. Flex-T
development was co-funded through a competitive award from NYSERDA to design a transportation
solution which reduces energy consumption and promotes job growth in New York State.

®

GreenRide , and Flex-T are registered E & E service marks.

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In a joint effort with E & E do Brasil's Rio de Janeiro office and HSE-AP,
its local partner in Angola, E & E is conducting socioeconomic
field surveys at communities in Cabinda, Angola as part of the
environmental impact assessment (EIA) for Pluspetrol Angola’s
Cabinda South Onshore Block Production Phase Project.

Vision

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The world is becoming increasingly interconnected. At E & E, weinherently
understand the interdependence of the world’s natural environment. That fundamental
understanding is the core of our commitment to social, economic, and environmental
sustainability. We bring that insight to our business decision-making as well. Over the
past four decades, we have established ourselves globally, proudly working on over
50,000 projects in 113 countries.
In doing so, we are well positioned to recognize
global challenges, new opportunities, and emerging markets.

Growing demand for renewable energy resources, for example, has changed the way energy is
generated and created opportunities for energy developers in every corner of the globe. Capturing
these new opportunities requires more than a working knowledge of the energy industry; it involves a
deep understanding of regional environmental concerns and standards, geopolitical and cultural
influences, governmental energy initiatives, local permitting requirements, and other factors that
impact project success. This year, at the request of Chile’s Environmental Ministry, E & E and our
Chilean subsidiary, Gestion Ambiental Consultores (GAC), sponsored a solar development seminar
in Santiago. Chile has a wealth of natural energy resources and is embracing renewable energy
through legislation and other governmental initiatives intended to stimulate new development. The
purpose of the seminar was to help the government start a dialogue with potential solar developers by
presenting information about the solar development process and current initiatives.

E & E is apreferred provider to the telecommunications industry. We are working to address the
global demand for social communication networks by helping Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks
bring needed infrastructure to Brazil as preparations ramp up for the 2014 World
Cup and 2016 Olympics. E & E and its Brazilian subsidiary, E & E doBrasil, are
obtaining all of the environmental licenses to install the fiber optic cable system
required for the increased bandwidth for these events — covering Rio de Janeiro,
Salvador, Bahia, and Fortaleza, Brazil.
In addition to Brazil, the system will also
be landing in Colombia, Mexico, Dominican Republic, and Guatemala. The
$340-million Alcatel-Lucent project will complete 9,323 miles (17,000 km) of
connectivity, with a proposed project route anticipated to traverse territorial waters in 11 countries.
E & E isslated to provide all purchaser permitting; environmental assessment/permitting support;
acquisitions support; marine and terrestrial operational permit support; permit feasibility studies; and
oil, gas, mining, and other seabed stakeholder interactions.

for Alcatel-Lucent, we are providing all environmental permitting and marine
Furthermore,
concession acquisition in the Magellan Straights between Chile and Argentina. The site is 5 degrees
from the Antarctic, providing new challenges for us with the frigid environment, whale migration, and
landings occupied by penguins.

Looking forward, our
robust capabilities and bold leadership in providing environmental
sustainability services has led to exciting opportunities to work with government consortia and
large-scale, sustainability planning initiatives,
national companies on truly ground-breaking,
including green cities.

Global Environmental Specialists

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Our team has collectively
worked on more than 380
wind energy projects in the
U.S. and around the world.
We have helped our clients
successfully develop wind
projects capable of
producing 3,953 megawatts
of environmentally safe,
renewable electricity.

Some Words from
Our Chairman

As the pace of global change accelerates, the world faces unprecedented economic, social, and
environmental challenges. Emerging from this period of uncertainty is a growing global
understanding that the protection of our environment and the conservation of our natural resources
are inextricably linked to sustainable growth and long-term prosperity.

We have worked in 113 countries and see, in our daily work, the need for a more holistic, sustainable
approach to global economic development. As the demand for comprehensive environmental
services grows, we are well-positioned to offer innovative, forward-thinking solutions – as evidenced
by E & E's record-breaking business performance in FY 2011.

By carefully incorporating ecological, health, social, and economic considerations into our business
planning and decision-making processes, we continually strive to balance the interest of the present
with the interests of future generations.

E & E's long-term commitment to sustainable
environmental management continues to
provide our clients with innovative solutions
and our shareholders with a respectable
return on their investment.

Gerhard J. Neumaier,
Chairman

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Selected Consolidated Financial Data

Operating data:

Revenues

Year ended July 31,

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

$

169,173

$

144,098

$

146,081

$   110,533

$

102,496

Income from operations

 12,386

 9,893

9,445

5,593

5,310

Income from continuing operations before
income taxes

Net income attributable to Ecology and 
Environment, Inc.

12,755

10,459

9,450

5,554

5,720

6,960

4,258

5,221

1,834

3,074

Net income per common share: basic and diluted

$

1.65

$

1.02

$

1.27

$

0.43

$

0.72

Cash dividends declared per common share:
basic and diluted

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
basic and diluted

0.46

0.42

0.39

0.36

0.34

4,222,688

4,160,816

4,115,921

4,259,663

4,281,431

Balance sheet data:

Working capital

Total assets

Year ended July 31,

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

$ 41,979

$ 38,950

$ 36,142

$ 36,871

$ 34,313

94,268

79,959

77,808

75,602

71,206

Long-term debt and capital lease obligations

2,138

1,695

815

1,860

718

Ecology and Environment, Inc. shareholders' equity

50,034

44,864

41,051

   39,254

40,913

Book value per share: basic and diluted

$ 11.85

$ 10.78

$

9.97

$

9.22

$

9.56

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of 

Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Liquidity and Capital Resources

$.1 million due mainly to the payment of $.5 million on a 

Operating activities provided $1.0 million of cash during 

loan at Ecology and Environment, Inc. (Parent Company).  

fiscal year 2011.  This was attributable to the reported $8.1 

The Company maintains an unsecured line of credit 

million in net income, and increases in accounts payable, 

available for working capital and letters of credit of $20.5 

accrued payroll costs, billings in excess of revenue and 

million at interest rates ranging from 3% to 5% at July 31, 

other accrued liabilities.  Billings in excess of revenue 

2011.  Other lines are available solely for letters of credit in 

increased $3.4 million during fiscal year 2011 mainly 

the amount of $13.5 million. 

attributable to increased revenue and slow payment on 

contracts with organizations in the Middle East and 

contracts at the majority owned subsidiary E & E do Brasil.  

Accounts payable increased $.8 million during fiscal year 

2011 attributable to increased work levels at the 

Company’s majority owned subsidiaries Gestion Ambiental 

Consultores (GAC) and E & E do Brasil.  Accrued payroll 

costs increased $1.5 million during fiscal year 2011 mainly 

due to increased bonus accrual.  Other accrued liabilities 

increased $1.1 million during fiscal year 2011.  Offsetting 

these changes was an increase in contract receivables.  

Contract receivables increased $18.3 million during fiscal 

The Company guarantees the line of credit of Walsh.  Its 

lenders have reaffirmed the Company’s lines of credit within 

the past twelve months.  At July 31, 2011 and July 31, 

2010 the Company had letters of credit outstanding totaling 

approximately $4.1 million and $4.9 million, respectively.   

After letters of credit and loans, there was $29.9 million of 

availability under the lines of credit at July 31, 2011.  The 

Company believes that cash flows from operations and 

borrowings against the lines of credit will be sufficient to 

cover all working capital requirements for at least the next 

twelve months and the foreseeable future.

year 2011 due to increased receivables from contracts in 

Results of Operations

the Middle East and Africa, the formation of Ecology and 

Revenue

Environment, Inc.’s ("E & E" or the "Company") majority 

owned subsidiary ECSI, LLC during the first quarter of the 

current fiscal year, the increased work levels at GAC and 

E & E do Brasil.

Investment activities consumed $2.8 million of cash during 

fiscal year 2011 mainly attributable to the Company’s 

acquisition of $.6 million of noncontrolling interests, the 

Company’s $1.1 million ($.8 million net ) purchase of ECSI 

and the purchases of property, building and equipment of 

$2.5 million during fiscal year 2011. Offsetting these was 

an increase in equipment payable of $1.0 million due to 

the purchase of a new business software package by the 

Company.   

Financing activities consumed $4.1 million of cash during 

fiscal year 2011.  The Company paid dividends in the 

amount of $1.8 million of which approximately $.9 million 

was accrued as of July 31, 2010.   Distributions to 

noncontrolling interests during fiscal year 2011 were 

approximately $.8 million. Under the Company’s Stock 

Repurchase Program, the Company repurchased stock in 

the amount $1.3 million during fiscal year 2011.  Net cash 

outflow on long-term debt and capital lease obligations was 

Year to Date and Fourth Quarter 2011 vs 2010

Revenue for fiscal year 2011 was $169.2 million, an increase 

of $25.1 million from the $144.1 million reported for fiscal 

year 2010 mainly attributable to increases at the Parent 

Company, ECSI and GAC.  Revenue at the Parent Company 

was $99.5 million for fiscal year 2011, an increase of $15.3 

million or 18% from the $84.2 million reported in the prior 

year.  This increase was attributable to work performed on 

contracts in the Company’s commercial and international 

sectors offset by decreases in work in the federal government 

and state sectors.  Revenues from the Parent Company’s 

commercial sector were $48.5 million for fiscal year 2011, 

up $16.5 million from the $32.0 million reported in fiscal 

year 2010 attributable to increased activity in the domestic 

energy market.  Revenues from the Parent Company’s 

international sector increased $5.2 million over the prior year 

mainly attributable to increased activity in the Middle East 

and Africa. Revenues from the Parent Company’s federal 

government sector were $26.6 million for fiscal year 2011, a 

decrease of $.6 million from the $27.2 million reported in 

the prior year mainly attributable to decreased activity in 

contracts with the United States Department of Defense 

14

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Global Environmental Specialists

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Selected Consolidated Financial Data

Year ended July 31,

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Operating data:

Revenues

$

169,173

$

144,098

$

146,081

$   110,533

$

102,496

Income from operations

 12,386

 9,893

9,445

5,593

5,310

Income from continuing operations before

income taxes

Net income attributable to Ecology and 

Environment, Inc.

12,755

10,459

9,450

5,554

5,720

6,960

4,258

5,221

1,834

3,074

Net income per common share: basic and diluted

$

1.65

$

1.02

$

1.27

$

0.43

$

0.72

Cash dividends declared per common share:

basic and diluted

Weighted average common shares outstanding:

basic and diluted

0.46

0.42

0.39

0.36

0.34

4,222,688

4,160,816

4,115,921

4,259,663

4,281,431

Balance sheet data:

Working capital

Total assets

Year ended July 31,

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

$ 41,979

$ 38,950

$ 36,142

$ 36,871

$ 34,313

94,268

79,959

77,808

75,602

71,206

Long-term debt and capital lease obligations

2,138

1,695

815

1,860

718

Ecology and Environment, Inc. shareholders' equity

50,034

44,864

41,051

   39,254

40,913

Book value per share: basic and diluted

$ 11.85

$ 10.78

$

9.97

$

9.22

$

9.56

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of 
Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Operating activities provided $1.0 million of cash during 
fiscal year 2011.  This was attributable to the reported $8.1 
million in net income, and increases in accounts payable, 
accrued payroll costs, billings in excess of revenue and 
other accrued liabilities.  Billings in excess of revenue 
increased $3.4 million during fiscal year 2011 mainly 
attributable to increased revenue and slow payment on 
contracts with organizations in the Middle East and 
contracts at the majority owned subsidiary E & E do Brasil.  
Accounts payable increased $.8 million during fiscal year 
2011 attributable to increased work levels at the 
Company’s majority owned subsidiaries Gestion Ambiental 
Consultores (GAC) and E & E do Brasil.  Accrued payroll 
costs increased $1.5 million during fiscal year 2011 mainly 
due to increased bonus accrual.  Other accrued liabilities 
increased $1.1 million during fiscal year 2011.  Offsetting 
these changes was an increase in contract receivables.  
Contract receivables increased $18.3 million during fiscal 
year 2011 due to increased receivables from contracts in 
the Middle East and Africa, the formation of Ecology and 
Environment, Inc.’s ("E & E" or the "Company") majority 
owned subsidiary ECSI, LLC during the first quarter of the 
current fiscal year, the increased work levels at GAC and 
E & E do Brasil.

Investment activities consumed $2.8 million of cash during 
fiscal year 2011 mainly attributable to the Company’s 
acquisition of $.6 million of noncontrolling interests, the 
Company’s $1.1 million ($.8 million net ) purchase of ECSI 
and the purchases of property, building and equipment of 
$2.5 million during fiscal year 2011. Offsetting these was 
an increase in equipment payable of $1.0 million due to 
the purchase of a new business software package by the 
Company.   

Financing activities consumed $4.1 million of cash during 
fiscal year 2011.  The Company paid dividends in the 
amount of $1.8 million of which approximately $.9 million 
was accrued as of July 31, 2010.   Distributions to 
noncontrolling interests during fiscal year 2011 were 
approximately $.8 million. Under the Company’s Stock 
Repurchase Program, the Company repurchased stock in 
the amount $1.3 million during fiscal year 2011.  Net cash 
outflow on long-term debt and capital lease obligations was 

$.1 million due mainly to the payment of $.5 million on a 
loan at Ecology and Environment, Inc. (Parent Company).  
The Company maintains an unsecured line of credit 
available for working capital and letters of credit of $20.5 
million at interest rates ranging from 3% to 5% at July 31, 
2011.  Other lines are available solely for letters of credit in 
the amount of $13.5 million. 

The Company guarantees the line of credit of Walsh.  Its 
lenders have reaffirmed the Company’s lines of credit within 
the past twelve months.  At July 31, 2011 and July 31, 
2010 the Company had letters of credit outstanding totaling 
approximately $4.1 million and $4.9 million, respectively.   
After letters of credit and loans, there was $29.9 million of 
availability under the lines of credit at July 31, 2011.  The 
Company believes that cash flows from operations and 
borrowings against the lines of credit will be sufficient to 
cover all working capital requirements for at least the next 
twelve months and the foreseeable future.

Results of Operations
Revenue
Year to Date and Fourth Quarter 2011 vs 2010
Revenue for fiscal year 2011 was $169.2 million, an increase 
of $25.1 million from the $144.1 million reported for fiscal 
year 2010 mainly attributable to increases at the Parent 
Company, ECSI and GAC.  Revenue at the Parent Company 
was $99.5 million for fiscal year 2011, an increase of $15.3 
million or 18% from the $84.2 million reported in the prior 
year.  This increase was attributable to work performed on 
contracts in the Company’s commercial and international 
sectors offset by decreases in work in the federal government 
and state sectors.  Revenues from the Parent Company’s 
commercial sector were $48.5 million for fiscal year 2011, 
up $16.5 million from the $32.0 million reported in fiscal 
year 2010 attributable to increased activity in the domestic 
energy market.  Revenues from the Parent Company’s 
international sector increased $5.2 million over the prior year 
mainly attributable to increased activity in the Middle East 
and Africa. Revenues from the Parent Company’s federal 
government sector were $26.6 million for fiscal year 2011, a 
decrease of $.6 million from the $27.2 million reported in 
the prior year mainly attributable to decreased activity in 
contracts with the United States Department of Defense 

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(DoD). Revenues from the Parent Company’s state sector 
were $14.7 million for fiscal year 2011, down $5.8 million 
from the $20.5 million reported in fiscal year 2010.  The 
decrease in state revenues was mainly attributable to 
decreased activity in Texas, Florida and California due to the 
state budgetary constraints.  The inclusion of ECSI, formed in 
August 2010, contributed revenue of $5.2 million for fiscal 
year 2011.  GAC, the Company’s Chilean subsidiary, 
reported revenue of $8.1 million during fiscal year 2011, an 
increase of $4.3 million or 113% from the $3.8 million 
reported in fiscal year 2010 due to increased work in mining 
and extractive industries. E & E do Brasil reported revenue of 
$11.7 million for fiscal year 2011, an increase of $1.2 
million or 11% from the $10.5 million reported in the prior 
year.  The increase in revenue at E & E do Brasil was 
associated with increased work on contracts in the energy 
market.  The Company’s majority owned subsidiary Walsh 
Environmental reported revenues of $39.2 million for fiscal 
year 2011, a decrease of $2.9 million or 7% from the $42.1 
million reported in fiscal year 2010 mainly attributable to the 
completion of work associated with a redevelopment project 
and a decrease in work in the energy market.  

E & E reported revenue of $44.2 million for the fourth 
quarter, an increase of $3.5 million from the $40.7 million 
reported in the fourth quarter of the prior year.  Revenue at 
the Parent Company was $26.7 million during the fourth 
quarter of fiscal year 2011, an increase of $1.4 million 
attributable to work performed on contracts in the Company’s 
domestic energy market.  Revenues from the Parent 
Company’s commercial sector were $13.3 million for the 
fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011, an increase of $1.4 million 
from the $11.9 million reported in the fourth quarter of fiscal 
year 2010 attributable to increased activity in the domestic 
energy market.   The inclusion of ECSI contributed revenue of 
$1.2 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011.  GAC 
reported revenue of $2.4 million during the fourth quarter of 
fiscal year 2011, an increase of $1.3 million or 118% from 
the $1.1 million reported in the prior year.

Year to Date and Fourth Quarter 2010 vs 2009
Revenue for fiscal year 2010 was $144.1 million, a decrease 
of $2.0 million from the $146.1 million reported for fiscal 
year 2009 mainly attributable to decreases at the Parent 
Company and Walsh.  Revenue at the Parent Company was 
$84.2 million for fiscal year 2010, a decrease of $3.8 million 
or 4% from the $88.0 million reported in the prior year.  This 
decrease was attributable to work performed on contracts in 
the Company’s federal government and state sectors offset by 
increases in work in the energy and international sectors.  

Revenues from the Parent Company’s federal government 
sector were $27.2 million for fiscal year 2010, a decrease of 
$6.2 million from the $33.4 million reported in the prior year 
mainly attributable to decreased activity in contracts with the 
United States Department of Defense (DoD). Revenues from 
the Parent Company’s state sector were $20.5 million for 
fiscal year 2010, down $4.1 million from the $24.6 million 
reported in fiscal year 2009.  The decrease in state revenues 
was mainly attributable to decreased activity in Washington, 
New York and Florida due to the state budgetary constraints.  
Revenues from the Parent Company’s commercial sector 
were $32.0 million for fiscal year 2010, up $2.0 million 
from the $30.0 million reported in fiscal year 2009 
attributable to increased activity in the domestic energy 
market.  Revenues from the Parent Company’s international 
sector increased $4.5 million over the prior year mainly 
attributable to increased activity in the Middle East, Africa 
and China.  Walsh reported revenues of $42.1 million for 
fiscal year 2010, a decrease of $3.5 million or 8% from the 
$45.6 million reported in fiscal year 2009 mainly attributable 
to the completion of work associated with a redevelopment 
project.  E & E do Brasil reported revenue of $10.5 million 
for fiscal year 2010, an increase of $2.8 million or 36% 
from the $7.7 million reported in the prior year.  The increase 
in revenue at E & E do Brasil was associated with increased 
work on contracts in the energy market.

E & E reported revenue of $40.7 million for the fourth 
quarter, comparable to the $40.9 million reported in the 
fourth quarter of the prior year.  Revenue at the Parent 
Company was $25.3 million during the fourth quarter of 
fiscal year 2010, an increase of $1.5 million attributable to 
work performed on contracts in the Company’s domestic 
energy market and international sector offset by decreases 
in work in the federal government and state sectors.  
Revenues from the Parent Company’s commercial sector 
were $11.9 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 
2010, an increase of $3.3 million from the $8.6 million 
reported in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2009 
attributable to increased activity in the domestic energy 
market.  Revenues from the Parent Company’s international 
sector were $1.8 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 
2010, an increase of $1.5 million over the fourth quarter of 
the prior year.  The increase in international revenues was 
mainly attributable to increased activity in the Middle East 
and Africa.  Revenues from the Parent Company’s federal 
government sector were $6.8 million for the fourth quarter 
of fiscal year 2010, a decrease of $1.3 million from the 
$8.1 million reported in the prior year mainly attributable to 

decreased activity with DoD contracts. Revenues from the 

of fiscal year 2010.  Consolidated indirect costs for the 

Parent Company’s state sector were $4.7 million for fourth 

fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011 were $14.7 million, an 

quarter of fiscal year 2010, down $2.1 million from the 

increase of $1.0 million from the $13.7 million reported in 

$6.8 million reported in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 

the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2010 attributable to the 

2009.  The decrease in state revenues was mainly 

formation of ECSI and excess staffing and other indirect 

attributable to decreased activity in Illinois, California and 

operating expenses at E & E do Brasil.  The Company 

New York.  Walsh reported revenues of $10.2 million for 

recognized a net foreign exchange gain of $.1 million for 

the fourth quarter of 2010, a decrease of $3.0 million or 

the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011.

23% from the $13.2 million reported in the fourth quarter 

of fiscal year 2009 mainly attributable to the completion of 

work associated with a redevelopment project.

Income Before Income Taxes 

Year to Date and Fourth Quarter 2011 vs 2010

The Company’s income before income taxes was $12.8 

million for fiscal year 2011, an increase of $2.3 million 

from the $10.5 million reported in fiscal year 2010.  

Revenue less subcontract costs were $137.8 million, an 

increase of $24.0 million or 21% from the $113.8 million 

reported in the prior year.  Gross profits (revenue less cost 

of professional services, other direct operating expenses 

and subcontract costs) increased $7.7 million during fiscal 

year 2011.  The gross margin percentage for fiscal year 

2010 due mainly to increased field work on large projects 

in the energy markets.   Income from operations for fiscal 

year 2011 was $12.4 million, up 25% from the $9.9 

million reported in fiscal year 2010.  These increases were 

mainly attributable to the increased energy market work.  

Indirect costs fell as a percent of revenue from 36% in fiscal 

year 2010 to 34% in fiscal year 2011.  The Company 

recorded a sale of land during the first quarter of fiscal year 

2010 for a gain of $809,000 ($453,000 after tax) which 

positively impacted earnings by $.11 per share compared 

to a $290,000 ($94,000 after tax and noncontrolling 

interest) gain on the sale of the assets of the Jordanian Fish 

Farm (AMARACO) in current fiscal year which impacted 

Year to Date and Fourth Quarter 2010 vs 2009

The Company’s income before income taxes was $10.5 

million for fiscal year 2010, an increase of $1.0 million 

from the $9.5 million reported in fiscal year 2009.  The 

majority of the increase is attributed to a gain on the sale of 

land.  During the first quarter of fiscal year 2010, the 

Company recorded a sale of 16.5 acres of land at its 

Walden Avenue facility in Lancaster, New York for the sum 

of approximately $959,000 plus closing costs. This sale 

resulted in a gain of approximately $809,000 ($453,000 

after tax) which positively impacted earnings by $.11 per 

share.  Gross profits increased $5.7 million during fiscal 

year 2010.  The gross margin percentage for fiscal year 

2010 was 44%, up from the 40% reported for fiscal year 

attributable to a significant decrease in subcontract costs 

throughout the Company.  Subcontract costs were $30.3 

million for fiscal year 2010, a decrease of 19% from the 

$37.2 million reported in the prior year.  Gross margin as a 

percentage of revenue less subcontract costs was 56% for 

fiscal year 2010, a slight increase from the 54% reported in 

fiscal year 2009.  The increased gross profits were offset by 

higher indirect costs in fiscal year 2010.  Indirect costs were 

$52.6 million for fiscal year 2010, an increase of $5.2 

million from the $47.4 million reported in the fiscal year 

2009 attributable to increased staffing levels and business 

development and proposal costs worldwide.  The Company 

reached settlements with Kuwait and the federal government 

2011 was 42%, down from the 44% reported for fiscal year 

2009.  The increase in gross margin percentage was 

earning by $.02 per share.  The Company recognized a net 

during fiscal year 2009.  The Company settled the Kuwait 

foreign exchange gain of $.3 million for fiscal year 2011.

The Company’s income before income taxes was $3.0 

million for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011, a decrease 

of $1.2 million from the $4.2 million reported in the fourth 

quarter of fiscal year 2010.  Revenue less subcontract costs 

for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011 was $35.3 million, 

an increase of $2.5 million from the $32.8 million reported 

tax dispute and the related accrual for uncertain tax position 

charges and reserved the $925,000 balance of receivables 

on the Middle East contracts which resulted in a net gain of 

approximately $.24 per share.  

Additionally, the Company derecognized  reserves related to 

federal government contracts of $562,000 ($410,000 after 

tax) that positively impacted the Company’s earnings by 

in the prior year.  Gross profits decreased slightly during the 

$.10 per share. 

fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011.   Income from operations 

for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011 was $3.0 million, 

down 29% from the $4.2 million reported in fourth quarter 

The Company’s income before income taxes was $4.2 

million for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2010, an increase 

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Ecology and Environment, Inc.

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17

(DoD). Revenues from the Parent Company’s state sector 

Revenues from the Parent Company’s federal government 

were $14.7 million for fiscal year 2011, down $5.8 million 

sector were $27.2 million for fiscal year 2010, a decrease of 

from the $20.5 million reported in fiscal year 2010.  The 

$6.2 million from the $33.4 million reported in the prior year 

decrease in state revenues was mainly attributable to 

mainly attributable to decreased activity in contracts with the 

decreased activity in Texas, Florida and California due to the 

United States Department of Defense (DoD). Revenues from 

state budgetary constraints.  The inclusion of ECSI, formed in 

the Parent Company’s state sector were $20.5 million for 

August 2010, contributed revenue of $5.2 million for fiscal 

fiscal year 2010, down $4.1 million from the $24.6 million 

year 2011.  GAC, the Company’s Chilean subsidiary, 

reported in fiscal year 2009.  The decrease in state revenues 

reported revenue of $8.1 million during fiscal year 2011, an 

was mainly attributable to decreased activity in Washington, 

increase of $4.3 million or 113% from the $3.8 million 

New York and Florida due to the state budgetary constraints.  

reported in fiscal year 2010 due to increased work in mining 

Revenues from the Parent Company’s commercial sector 

and extractive industries. E & E do Brasil reported revenue of 

were $32.0 million for fiscal year 2010, up $2.0 million 

$11.7 million for fiscal year 2011, an increase of $1.2 

from the $30.0 million reported in fiscal year 2009 

million or 11% from the $10.5 million reported in the prior 

attributable to increased activity in the domestic energy 

year.  The increase in revenue at E & E do Brasil was 

market.  Revenues from the Parent Company’s international 

associated with increased work on contracts in the energy 

sector increased $4.5 million over the prior year mainly 

market.  The Company’s majority owned subsidiary Walsh 

attributable to increased activity in the Middle East, Africa 

Environmental reported revenues of $39.2 million for fiscal 

and China.  Walsh reported revenues of $42.1 million for 

year 2011, a decrease of $2.9 million or 7% from the $42.1 

fiscal year 2010, a decrease of $3.5 million or 8% from the 

million reported in fiscal year 2010 mainly attributable to the 

$45.6 million reported in fiscal year 2009 mainly attributable 

completion of work associated with a redevelopment project 

to the completion of work associated with a redevelopment 

and a decrease in work in the energy market.  

project.  E & E do Brasil reported revenue of $10.5 million 

E & E reported revenue of $44.2 million for the fourth 

quarter, an increase of $3.5 million from the $40.7 million 

reported in the fourth quarter of the prior year.  Revenue at 

the Parent Company was $26.7 million during the fourth 

for fiscal year 2010, an increase of $2.8 million or 36% 

from the $7.7 million reported in the prior year.  The increase 

in revenue at E & E do Brasil was associated with increased 

work on contracts in the energy market.

quarter of fiscal year 2011, an increase of $1.4 million 

E & E reported revenue of $40.7 million for the fourth 

attributable to work performed on contracts in the Company’s 

quarter, comparable to the $40.9 million reported in the 

domestic energy market.  Revenues from the Parent 

fourth quarter of the prior year.  Revenue at the Parent 

Company’s commercial sector were $13.3 million for the 

Company was $25.3 million during the fourth quarter of 

fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011, an increase of $1.4 million 

fiscal year 2010, an increase of $1.5 million attributable to 

from the $11.9 million reported in the fourth quarter of fiscal 

work performed on contracts in the Company’s domestic 

year 2010 attributable to increased activity in the domestic 

energy market and international sector offset by decreases 

energy market.   The inclusion of ECSI contributed revenue of 

in work in the federal government and state sectors.  

$1.2 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011.  GAC 

Revenues from the Parent Company’s commercial sector 

reported revenue of $2.4 million during the fourth quarter of 

were $11.9 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 

fiscal year 2011, an increase of $1.3 million or 118% from 

2010, an increase of $3.3 million from the $8.6 million 

the $1.1 million reported in the prior year.

reported in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2009 

Year to Date and Fourth Quarter 2010 vs 2009

Revenue for fiscal year 2010 was $144.1 million, a decrease 

of $2.0 million from the $146.1 million reported for fiscal 

year 2009 mainly attributable to decreases at the Parent 

Company and Walsh.  Revenue at the Parent Company was 

$84.2 million for fiscal year 2010, a decrease of $3.8 million 

or 4% from the $88.0 million reported in the prior year.  This 

decrease was attributable to work performed on contracts in 

the Company’s federal government and state sectors offset by 

increases in work in the energy and international sectors.  

attributable to increased activity in the domestic energy 

market.  Revenues from the Parent Company’s international 

sector were $1.8 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 

2010, an increase of $1.5 million over the fourth quarter of 

the prior year.  The increase in international revenues was 

mainly attributable to increased activity in the Middle East 

and Africa.  Revenues from the Parent Company’s federal 

government sector were $6.8 million for the fourth quarter 

of fiscal year 2010, a decrease of $1.3 million from the 

$8.1 million reported in the prior year mainly attributable to 

decreased activity with DoD contracts. Revenues from the 
Parent Company’s state sector were $4.7 million for fourth 
quarter of fiscal year 2010, down $2.1 million from the 
$6.8 million reported in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 
2009.  The decrease in state revenues was mainly 
attributable to decreased activity in Illinois, California and 
New York.  Walsh reported revenues of $10.2 million for 
the fourth quarter of 2010, a decrease of $3.0 million or 
23% from the $13.2 million reported in the fourth quarter 
of fiscal year 2009 mainly attributable to the completion of 
work associated with a redevelopment project.

Income Before Income Taxes 
Year to Date and Fourth Quarter 2011 vs 2010
The Company’s income before income taxes was $12.8 
million for fiscal year 2011, an increase of $2.3 million 
from the $10.5 million reported in fiscal year 2010.  
Revenue less subcontract costs were $137.8 million, an 
increase of $24.0 million or 21% from the $113.8 million 
reported in the prior year.  Gross profits (revenue less cost 
of professional services, other direct operating expenses 
and subcontract costs) increased $7.7 million during fiscal 
year 2011.  The gross margin percentage for fiscal year 
2011 was 42%, down from the 44% reported for fiscal year 
2010 due mainly to increased field work on large projects 
in the energy markets.   Income from operations for fiscal 
year 2011 was $12.4 million, up 25% from the $9.9 
million reported in fiscal year 2010.  These increases were 
mainly attributable to the increased energy market work.  
Indirect costs fell as a percent of revenue from 36% in fiscal 
year 2010 to 34% in fiscal year 2011.  The Company 
recorded a sale of land during the first quarter of fiscal year 
2010 for a gain of $809,000 ($453,000 after tax) which 
positively impacted earnings by $.11 per share compared 
to a $290,000 ($94,000 after tax and noncontrolling 
interest) gain on the sale of the assets of the Jordanian Fish 
Farm (AMARACO) in current fiscal year which impacted 
earning by $.02 per share.  The Company recognized a net 
foreign exchange gain of $.3 million for fiscal year 2011.

The Company’s income before income taxes was $3.0 
million for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011, a decrease 
of $1.2 million from the $4.2 million reported in the fourth 
quarter of fiscal year 2010.  Revenue less subcontract costs 
for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011 was $35.3 million, 
an increase of $2.5 million from the $32.8 million reported 
in the prior year.  Gross profits decreased slightly during the 
fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011.   Income from operations 
for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011 was $3.0 million, 
down 29% from the $4.2 million reported in fourth quarter 

of fiscal year 2010.  Consolidated indirect costs for the 
fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011 were $14.7 million, an 
increase of $1.0 million from the $13.7 million reported in 
the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2010 attributable to the 
formation of ECSI and excess staffing and other indirect 
operating expenses at E & E do Brasil.  The Company 
recognized a net foreign exchange gain of $.1 million for 
the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011.

Year to Date and Fourth Quarter 2010 vs 2009
The Company’s income before income taxes was $10.5 
million for fiscal year 2010, an increase of $1.0 million 
from the $9.5 million reported in fiscal year 2009.  The 
majority of the increase is attributed to a gain on the sale of 
land.  During the first quarter of fiscal year 2010, the 
Company recorded a sale of 16.5 acres of land at its 
Walden Avenue facility in Lancaster, New York for the sum 
of approximately $959,000 plus closing costs. This sale 
resulted in a gain of approximately $809,000 ($453,000 
after tax) which positively impacted earnings by $.11 per 
share.  Gross profits increased $5.7 million during fiscal 
year 2010.  The gross margin percentage for fiscal year 
2010 was 44%, up from the 40% reported for fiscal year 
2009.  The increase in gross margin percentage was 
attributable to a significant decrease in subcontract costs 
throughout the Company.  Subcontract costs were $30.3 
million for fiscal year 2010, a decrease of 19% from the 
$37.2 million reported in the prior year.  Gross margin as a 
percentage of revenue less subcontract costs was 56% for 
fiscal year 2010, a slight increase from the 54% reported in 
fiscal year 2009.  The increased gross profits were offset by 
higher indirect costs in fiscal year 2010.  Indirect costs were 
$52.6 million for fiscal year 2010, an increase of $5.2 
million from the $47.4 million reported in the fiscal year 
2009 attributable to increased staffing levels and business 
development and proposal costs worldwide.  The Company 
reached settlements with Kuwait and the federal government 
during fiscal year 2009.  The Company settled the Kuwait 
tax dispute and the related accrual for uncertain tax position 
charges and reserved the $925,000 balance of receivables 
on the Middle East contracts which resulted in a net gain of 
approximately $.24 per share.  

Additionally, the Company derecognized  reserves related to 
federal government contracts of $562,000 ($410,000 after 
tax) that positively impacted the Company’s earnings by 
$.10 per share. 

The Company’s income before income taxes was $4.2 
million for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2010, an increase 

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Ecology and Environment, Inc.

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of $1.6 million from the $2.6 million reported in the fourth 
quarter of fiscal year 2009.  Gross profits increased $2.0 
million during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2010.  The 
gross margin percentage for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 
2010 was 45%, up from the 40% reported for the fourth 
quarter of fiscal year 2009.  The increase in gross margin 
percentage was attributable to a significant decrease in 
subcontract costs throughout the company.  Subcontract costs 
were $7.9 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2010, a 
decrease of $3.2 million from the $11.1 million reported in 
the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2009.  Revenue less 
subcontract costs increased $3.0 million or 10% over the 
prior year while consolidated indirect costs for the fourth 
quarter of fiscal year 2010 were $13.7 million, up only 
slightly from the $13.3 million reported in the fourth quarter 
of fiscal year 2009.  During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 
2009, the Company derecognized reserves of $562,000 
($410,000 after tax) that positively impacted the Company’s 
earnings by $.10 per share. 

Income Taxes
The estimated effective tax rate for fiscal year 2011 is 
36.3%, as compared to the 37.3% reported for fiscal year 
2010.  The change in the estimated tax rate is a result of 
changes in taxable income levels in the various jurisdictions 
in which the Company operates. 

Critical Accounting Policies and 
Use of Estimates
Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition 
and results of operations discuss the Company's 
consolidated financial statements, which have been 
prepared in accordance with accounting principles 
generally accepted in the United States of America.  The 
preparation of these statements requires management to 
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported 
amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and 
related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  On 
an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates and 
judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, 
allowance for doubtful accounts, income taxes, impairment 
of long-lived assets and contingencies.  Management bases 
its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on 
various other factors that are believed to be reasonable 
under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis 
for making judgments about the carrying value of assets 
and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other 
sources.  Actual results may differ from these estimates 
under different assumptions or conditions.

Revenue Recognition
The Company’s revenues are derived primarily from the 
professional and technical services performed by its 
employees or, in certain cases, by subcontractors engaged 
to perform on under contracts entered into with our clients. 
The revenues recognized, therefore, are derived from our 
ability to charge clients for those services under the 
contracts.  Sales and cost of sales at the Company’s South 
American subsidiaries exclude tax assessments by 
governmental authorities, which are collected by the 
Company from its customers and then remitted to 
governmental authorities.

The Company employs three major types of contracts: 
“cost-plus contracts,” “fixed-price contracts” and “time-and-
materials contracts.” Within each of the major contract 
types are variations on the basic contract mechanism. 
Fixed-price contracts generally present the highest level of 
financial and performance risk, but often also provide the 
highest potential financial returns. Cost-plus contracts 
present a lower risk, but generally provide lower returns and 
often include more onerous terms and conditions. Time-
and-materials contracts generally represent the time spent 
by our professional staff at stated or negotiated billing rates.

Fixed price contracts are accounted for on the “percentage-
of-completion” method, wherein revenue is recognized as 
project progress occurs. Time and material contracts are 
accounted for over the period of performance, in 
proportion to the costs of performance, predominately 
based on labor hours incurred.  If an estimate of costs at 
completion on any contract indicates that a loss will be 
incurred, the entire estimated loss is charged to operations 
in the period the loss becomes evident.

The use of the percentage of completion revenue 
recognition method requires the use of estimates and 
judgment regarding the project’s expected revenues, costs 
and the extent of progress towards completion. The 
Company has a history of making reasonably dependable 
estimates of the extent of progress towards completion, 
contract revenue and contract completion costs. However, 
due to uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, it is 
possible that completion costs may vary from estimates.

Most of our percentage-of-completion projects follow a 
method which approximates the “cost-to-cost” method of 
determining the percentage of completion. Under the cost-
to-cost method, we make periodic estimates of our progress 
towards project completion by analyzing costs incurred to 

date, plus an estimate of the amount of costs that we expect 

requirements of the FAR or CAS and recommend that our 

to incur until the completion of the project. Revenue is then 

U.S. government financial administrative contracting officer 

calculated on a cumulative basis (project-to-date) as the 

disallow such costs. Historically, we have not experienced 

total contract value multiplied by the current percentage-of-

significant disallowed costs as a result of such audits. 

completion. The revenue for the current period is calculated 

However, we can provide no assurance that such audits will 

as cumulative revenues less project revenues already 

not result in material disallowances of incurred costs in the 

recognized. The recognition of revenues and profit is 

future.

dependent upon the accuracy of a variety of estimates.  

Such estimates are based on various judgments we make 

with respect to those factors and are difficult to accurately 

determine until the project is significantly underway.

The Company maintains reserves for cost disallowances on 

its cost based contracts as a result of government audits.  

Government audits have been completed and final rates 

have been negotiated through fiscal year 2002.  The 

For some contracts, using the cost-to-cost method in 

Company has estimated its exposure based on completed 

estimating percentage-of-completion may overstate the 

audits, historical experience and discussions with the 

progress on the project. For projects where the cost-to-cost 

government auditors.  If these estimates or their related 

method does not appropriately reflect the progress on the 

assumptions change, the Company may be required to 

projects, we use alternative methods such as actual labor 

record additional charges for disallowed costs on its 

hours, for measuring progress on the project and recognize 

government contracts.

revenue accordingly. For instance, in a project where a 

large amount of equipment is purchased or an extensive 

amount of mobilization is involved, including these costs in 

calculating the percentage-of-completion may overstate the 

actual progress on the project. For these types of projects, 

actual labor hours spent on the project may be a more 

appropriate measure of the progress on the project.

The Company’s contracts with the U.S. government contain 

provisions requiring compliance with the Federal Acquisition 

Regulation (FAR), and the Cost Accounting Standards (CAS). 

These regulations are generally applicable to all of the 

Company’s federal government contracts and are partially 

or fully incorporated in many local and state agency 

contracts. They limit the recovery of certain specified indirect 

costs on contracts subject to the FAR. Cost-plus contracts 

covered by the FAR provide for upward or downward 

adjustments if actual recoverable costs differ from the 

estimate billed. Most of our federal government contracts 

Contracts typically provide for reimbursement of costs 

incurred and payment of fees earned through the date of 

such termination.

Federal government contracts are subject to the FAR and 

some state and local governmental agencies require audits, 

which are performed for the most part by the Defense 

Contract Audit Agency (DCAA). The DCAA audits overhead 

rates, cost proposals, incurred government contract costs, 

and internal control systems. During the course of its audits, 

the DCAA may question incurred costs if it believes we have 

accounted for such costs in a manner inconsistent with the 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 

and Contract Adjustments

We reduce our accounts receivable and costs and estimated 

earnings in excess of billings on contracts in process by 

establishing an allowance for amounts that, in the future, 

may become uncollectible or unrealizable, respectively. We 

determine our estimated allowance for uncollectible 

amounts and allowance for contract adjustments based on 

management’s judgments regarding our operating 

performance related to the adequacy of the services 

performed, the status of change orders and claims, our 

experience settling change orders and claims and the 

financial condition of our clients, which may be dependent 

on the type of client and current economic conditions.

Deferred Income Taxes

We use the asset and liability approach for financial 

accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred 

differences between the financial statement and tax bases of 

assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible 

amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates 

applicable to the periods in which the differences are 

expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances 

based on our judgments and estimates are established 

when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount 

expected to be realized in future operating results. 

Management believes that realization of deferred tax assets 

in excess of the valuation allowance is more likely than not. 

Our estimates are based on facts and circumstances in 

are subject to termination at the convenience of the client. 

income tax assets and liabilities are computed annually for 

18

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of $1.6 million from the $2.6 million reported in the fourth 

Revenue Recognition

quarter of fiscal year 2009.  Gross profits increased $2.0 

million during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2010.  The 

gross margin percentage for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 

2010 was 45%, up from the 40% reported for the fourth 

quarter of fiscal year 2009.  The increase in gross margin 

percentage was attributable to a significant decrease in 

subcontract costs throughout the company.  Subcontract costs 

were $7.9 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2010, a 

decrease of $3.2 million from the $11.1 million reported in 

the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2009.  Revenue less 

subcontract costs increased $3.0 million or 10% over the 

prior year while consolidated indirect costs for the fourth 

quarter of fiscal year 2010 were $13.7 million, up only 

slightly from the $13.3 million reported in the fourth quarter 

of fiscal year 2009.  During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 

2009, the Company derecognized reserves of $562,000 

($410,000 after tax) that positively impacted the Company’s 

earnings by $.10 per share. 

Income Taxes

The estimated effective tax rate for fiscal year 2011 is 

36.3%, as compared to the 37.3% reported for fiscal year 

2010.  The change in the estimated tax rate is a result of 

changes in taxable income levels in the various jurisdictions 

in which the Company operates. 

Critical Accounting Policies and 

Use of Estimates

Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition 

and results of operations discuss the Company's 

consolidated financial statements, which have been 

prepared in accordance with accounting principles 

generally accepted in the United States of America.  The 

The Company’s revenues are derived primarily from the 

professional and technical services performed by its 

employees or, in certain cases, by subcontractors engaged 

to perform on under contracts entered into with our clients. 

The revenues recognized, therefore, are derived from our 

ability to charge clients for those services under the 

contracts.  Sales and cost of sales at the Company’s South 

American subsidiaries exclude tax assessments by 

governmental authorities, which are collected by the 

Company from its customers and then remitted to 

governmental authorities.

The Company employs three major types of contracts: 

“cost-plus contracts,” “fixed-price contracts” and “time-and-

materials contracts.” Within each of the major contract 

types are variations on the basic contract mechanism. 

Fixed-price contracts generally present the highest level of 

financial and performance risk, but often also provide the 

highest potential financial returns. Cost-plus contracts 

present a lower risk, but generally provide lower returns and 

often include more onerous terms and conditions. Time-

and-materials contracts generally represent the time spent 

by our professional staff at stated or negotiated billing rates.

Fixed price contracts are accounted for on the “percentage-

of-completion” method, wherein revenue is recognized as 

project progress occurs. Time and material contracts are 

accounted for over the period of performance, in 

proportion to the costs of performance, predominately 

based on labor hours incurred.  If an estimate of costs at 

completion on any contract indicates that a loss will be 

incurred, the entire estimated loss is charged to operations 

in the period the loss becomes evident.

preparation of these statements requires management to 

The use of the percentage of completion revenue 

make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported 

recognition method requires the use of estimates and 

amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and 

judgment regarding the project’s expected revenues, costs 

related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  On 

and the extent of progress towards completion. The 

an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates and 

Company has a history of making reasonably dependable 

judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, 

estimates of the extent of progress towards completion, 

allowance for doubtful accounts, income taxes, impairment 

contract revenue and contract completion costs. However, 

of long-lived assets and contingencies.  Management bases 

due to uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, it is 

its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on 

possible that completion costs may vary from estimates.

various other factors that are believed to be reasonable 

under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis 

for making judgments about the carrying value of assets 

and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other 

sources.  Actual results may differ from these estimates 

under different assumptions or conditions.

Most of our percentage-of-completion projects follow a 

method which approximates the “cost-to-cost” method of 

determining the percentage of completion. Under the cost-

to-cost method, we make periodic estimates of our progress 

towards project completion by analyzing costs incurred to 

date, plus an estimate of the amount of costs that we expect 
to incur until the completion of the project. Revenue is then 
calculated on a cumulative basis (project-to-date) as the 
total contract value multiplied by the current percentage-of-
completion. The revenue for the current period is calculated 
as cumulative revenues less project revenues already 
recognized. The recognition of revenues and profit is 
dependent upon the accuracy of a variety of estimates.  
Such estimates are based on various judgments we make 
with respect to those factors and are difficult to accurately 
determine until the project is significantly underway.

For some contracts, using the cost-to-cost method in 
estimating percentage-of-completion may overstate the 
progress on the project. For projects where the cost-to-cost 
method does not appropriately reflect the progress on the 
projects, we use alternative methods such as actual labor 
hours, for measuring progress on the project and recognize 
revenue accordingly. For instance, in a project where a 
large amount of equipment is purchased or an extensive 
amount of mobilization is involved, including these costs in 
calculating the percentage-of-completion may overstate the 
actual progress on the project. For these types of projects, 
actual labor hours spent on the project may be a more 
appropriate measure of the progress on the project.

The Company’s contracts with the U.S. government contain 
provisions requiring compliance with the Federal Acquisition 
Regulation (FAR), and the Cost Accounting Standards (CAS). 
These regulations are generally applicable to all of the 
Company’s federal government contracts and are partially 
or fully incorporated in many local and state agency 
contracts. They limit the recovery of certain specified indirect 
costs on contracts subject to the FAR. Cost-plus contracts 
covered by the FAR provide for upward or downward 
adjustments if actual recoverable costs differ from the 
estimate billed. Most of our federal government contracts 
are subject to termination at the convenience of the client. 
Contracts typically provide for reimbursement of costs 
incurred and payment of fees earned through the date of 
such termination.

Federal government contracts are subject to the FAR and 
some state and local governmental agencies require audits, 
which are performed for the most part by the Defense 
Contract Audit Agency (DCAA). The DCAA audits overhead 
rates, cost proposals, incurred government contract costs, 
and internal control systems. During the course of its audits, 
the DCAA may question incurred costs if it believes we have 
accounted for such costs in a manner inconsistent with the 

requirements of the FAR or CAS and recommend that our 
U.S. government financial administrative contracting officer 
disallow such costs. Historically, we have not experienced 
significant disallowed costs as a result of such audits. 
However, we can provide no assurance that such audits will 
not result in material disallowances of incurred costs in the 
future.

The Company maintains reserves for cost disallowances on 
its cost based contracts as a result of government audits.  
Government audits have been completed and final rates 
have been negotiated through fiscal year 2002.  The 
Company has estimated its exposure based on completed 
audits, historical experience and discussions with the 
government auditors.  If these estimates or their related 
assumptions change, the Company may be required to 
record additional charges for disallowed costs on its 
government contracts.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 
and Contract Adjustments
We reduce our accounts receivable and costs and estimated 
earnings in excess of billings on contracts in process by 
establishing an allowance for amounts that, in the future, 
may become uncollectible or unrealizable, respectively. We 
determine our estimated allowance for uncollectible 
amounts and allowance for contract adjustments based on 
management’s judgments regarding our operating 
performance related to the adequacy of the services 
performed, the status of change orders and claims, our 
experience settling change orders and claims and the 
financial condition of our clients, which may be dependent 
on the type of client and current economic conditions.

Deferred Income Taxes
We use the asset and liability approach for financial 
accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred 
income tax assets and liabilities are computed annually for 
differences between the financial statement and tax bases of 
assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible 
amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates 
applicable to the periods in which the differences are 
expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances 
based on our judgments and estimates are established 
when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount 
expected to be realized in future operating results. 
Management believes that realization of deferred tax assets 
in excess of the valuation allowance is more likely than not. 
Our estimates are based on facts and circumstances in 

18

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

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19

existence as well as interpretations of existing tax 
regulations and laws applied to the facts and 
circumstances, with the help of professional tax advisors. 
Therefore, we estimate and provide for amounts of 
additional income taxes that may be assessed by the 
various taxing authorities.

Uncertain Tax Positions
A tax position is a position in a previously filed tax return or 
a position expected to be taken in a future tax filing that is 
reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax assets 
and liabilities. Tax positions shall be recognized only when it 
is more likely than not (likelihood of greater than 50%), 
based on technical merits, that the position will be 
sustained. Tax positions that meet the more likely than not 
threshold should be measured using a probability weighted 
approach as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater 
than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. Whether 
the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is met for a 
tax position, is a matter of judgment based on the 
individual facts and circumstances of that position 
evaluated in light of all available evidence. The Company 
recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax 
benefits in interest expense and penalties in administrative 
and indirect operating expenses.

Changes in Corporate Entities
On June 6, 2011, the Company purchased an additional 
1.1% of Walsh from noncontrolling shareholders for 
approximately $219,000.  Two thirds of the purchase price 
was paid in cash while the remaining one third was paid for 
with E & E stock.  With this purchase E&E’s ownership share 
in Walsh increased to approximately 85% of that company.

On March 18, 2011 the Company purchased 5.5% of 
Walsh from noncontrolling shareholders for approximately 
$1,156,000.  The Company paid one third in cash, one 
third in a two-year note, and issued E & E stock for the 
remaining one third of the sale price.  

On December 27, 2010, the Company purchased an 
additional 1.2% of Walsh from noncontrolling shareholders 
for approximately $257,000.  Two thirds of the purchase 
price was paid in cash while the remaining one third was 
paid for with E & E stock.

On August 23, 2010 the Company purchased a 60% 
ownership interest in ECSI, LLC, a Lexington, Kentucky 
based engineering and environmental consulting company 
that specializes in mining work.  The Company paid $1.0 

million for this ownership interest and contributed the assets 
into a newly formed company.  The company was 
consolidated into the Company’s financial reporting 
beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2011.

On March 1, 2010 Walsh purchased an 80% ownership 
interest in Lowham - Walsh Environmental Services LLC.  
This transaction was an asset purchase of the former 
Lowham Engineering LLC in Wyoming.  Walsh contributed 
cash and assets into the newly formed entity and issued a 
five year promissory note bearing a six percent annualized 
interest rate for the assets of the former company.  

On January 28, 2010 the Company purchased an 
additional equity of 18.7% of Walsh from noncontrolling 
shareholders for $3,000,000. One third of the purchase 
price was paid in cash, one third was paid with the 
Company's stock, and the remainder was taken as loans 
carrying an interest rate of 5% to be repaid over a two year 
period. The purchase price that was paid to the 
noncontrolling shareholders was at a premium over the 
book value of the stock. 

Inflation
Inflation has not had a material impact on the Company’s 
business because a significant amount of the Company’s 
contracts are either cost based or contain commercial rates 
for services that are adjusted annually.

Management’s Report on Internal Control 
Over Financial Reporting
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of 
Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Our management is responsible for establishing and 
maintaining adequate internal control over financial 
reporting. As defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f), 
internal control over financial reporting is a process 
designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal 
executive and principal financial officer and effected by our 
Board of Directors, management and other personnel to 
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated 
financial statements for external purposes in accordance 
with U.S. GAAP. Internal controls include those policies and 
procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records 
that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the 
transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide 
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as 
necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in 

accordance with U.S. GAAP and that our receipts and 

expenditures are being made only in accordance with 

authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) 

Report of Independent Registered 

Public Accounting Firm 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders 

provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or 

of Ecology and Environment, Inc.

financial reporting can only provide reasonable assurance of 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the 

timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or 

disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on 

our consolidated financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over 

financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. 

Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future 

periods are subject to the risk that controls may become 

inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the 

degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may 

deteriorate. Accordingly, even effective internal control over 

achieving their control objectives.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our 

management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief 

Financial Officer, we assessed the effectiveness of our internal 

control over financial reporting as of  July 31, 2011 based on 

the criteria in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued 

by the COSO. Based upon this assessment, management has 

concluded that our internal control over financial reporting 

was effective as of July 31, 2011.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of 

the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding 

internal control over financial reporting.

By:

By: 

Kevin S. Neumaier

Chief Executive Officer  

H. John Mye III

Vice President, 

Treasurer and 

Chief 

Financial and 

Accounting Officer

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance 

sheets of Ecology and Environment, Inc. and its subsidiaries 

(collectively, the Company) as of July 31, 2011 and 2010, 

and the related consolidated statements of income, 

changes in shareholders’ equity and comprehensive 

income, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-

year period ended July 31, 2011.  The Company’s 

management is responsible for these financial statements.  

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these 

financial statements based on our audits.

standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight 

Board (United States).  Those standards require that we 

plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable 

assurance about whether the consolidated financial 

statements are free of material misstatement. The 

Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged 

to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial 

reporting.  Our audits included consideration of internal 

control over financial reporting as a basis for designing 

audit procedures that are appropriate in the 

circumstances, but not for purpose of expressing an 

opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal 

control over financial reporting.  Accordingly, we express 

no such opinion.  An audit also includes examining, on a 

test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and 

disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, 

assessing the accounting principles used and significant 

estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the 

overall financial statement presentation.  We believe that 

our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements 

referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, 

the financial position of the Company as of July 31, 2011 

and 2010, and the results of its operations and its cash 

flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended 

July 31, 2011 in conformity with accounting principles 

generally accepted in the United States of America. 

Schneider Downs & Co., Inc.

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

October 28, 2011

20

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Global Environmental Specialists

21

 
existence as well as interpretations of existing tax 

million for this ownership interest and contributed the assets 

regulations and laws applied to the facts and 

into a newly formed company.  The company was 

circumstances, with the help of professional tax advisors. 

consolidated into the Company’s financial reporting 

Therefore, we estimate and provide for amounts of 

beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2011.

additional income taxes that may be assessed by the 

various taxing authorities.

Uncertain Tax Positions

A tax position is a position in a previously filed tax return or 

a position expected to be taken in a future tax filing that is 

reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax assets 

and liabilities. Tax positions shall be recognized only when it 

On March 1, 2010 Walsh purchased an 80% ownership 

interest in Lowham - Walsh Environmental Services LLC.  

This transaction was an asset purchase of the former 

Lowham Engineering LLC in Wyoming.  Walsh contributed 

cash and assets into the newly formed entity and issued a 

five year promissory note bearing a six percent annualized 

interest rate for the assets of the former company.  

is more likely than not (likelihood of greater than 50%), 

On January 28, 2010 the Company purchased an 

based on technical merits, that the position will be 

additional equity of 18.7% of Walsh from noncontrolling 

sustained. Tax positions that meet the more likely than not 

shareholders for $3,000,000. One third of the purchase 

threshold should be measured using a probability weighted 

price was paid in cash, one third was paid with the 

approach as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater 

Company's stock, and the remainder was taken as loans 

than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. Whether 

carrying an interest rate of 5% to be repaid over a two year 

the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is met for a 

period. The purchase price that was paid to the 

tax position, is a matter of judgment based on the 

noncontrolling shareholders was at a premium over the 

individual facts and circumstances of that position 

book value of the stock. 

evaluated in light of all available evidence. The Company 

recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax 

benefits in interest expense and penalties in administrative 

and indirect operating expenses.

Changes in Corporate Entities

On June 6, 2011, the Company purchased an additional 

1.1% of Walsh from noncontrolling shareholders for 

approximately $219,000.  Two thirds of the purchase price 

was paid in cash while the remaining one third was paid for 

with E & E stock.  With this purchase E&E’s ownership share 

in Walsh increased to approximately 85% of that company.

On March 18, 2011 the Company purchased 5.5% of 

Walsh from noncontrolling shareholders for approximately 

$1,156,000.  The Company paid one third in cash, one 

third in a two-year note, and issued E & E stock for the 

remaining one third of the sale price.  

On December 27, 2010, the Company purchased an 

additional 1.2% of Walsh from noncontrolling shareholders 

for approximately $257,000.  Two thirds of the purchase 

price was paid in cash while the remaining one third was 

paid for with E & E stock.

Inflation

Inflation has not had a material impact on the Company’s 

business because a significant amount of the Company’s 

contracts are either cost based or contain commercial rates 

for services that are adjusted annually.

Management’s Report on Internal Control 

Over Financial Reporting

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of 

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Our management is responsible for establishing and 

maintaining adequate internal control over financial 

reporting. As defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f), 

internal control over financial reporting is a process 

designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal 

executive and principal financial officer and effected by our 

Board of Directors, management and other personnel to 

provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 

financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated 

financial statements for external purposes in accordance 

with U.S. GAAP. Internal controls include those policies and 

procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records 

On August 23, 2010 the Company purchased a 60% 

that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the 

ownership interest in ECSI, LLC, a Lexington, Kentucky 

transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide 

based engineering and environmental consulting company 

reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as 

that specializes in mining work.  The Company paid $1.0 

necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in 

accordance with U.S. GAAP and that our receipts and 
expenditures are being made only in accordance with 
authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) 
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or 
timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or 
disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on 
our consolidated financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over 
financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. 
Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future 
periods are subject to the risk that controls may become 
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the 
degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may 
deteriorate. Accordingly, even effective internal control over 
financial reporting can only provide reasonable assurance of 
achieving their control objectives.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our 
management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief 
Financial Officer, we assessed the effectiveness of our internal 
control over financial reporting as of  July 31, 2011 based on 
the criteria in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued 
by the COSO. Based upon this assessment, management has 
concluded that our internal control over financial reporting 
was effective as of July 31, 2011.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of 
the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding 
internal control over financial reporting.

By:

By: 

Kevin S. Neumaier
Chief Executive Officer  

H. John Mye III
Vice President, 
Treasurer and 
Financial and 
Accounting Officer

Chief 

Report of Independent Registered 
Public Accounting Firm 
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders 
of Ecology and Environment, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance 
sheets of Ecology and Environment, Inc. and its subsidiaries 
(collectively, the Company) as of July 31, 2011 and 2010, 
and the related consolidated statements of income, 
changes in shareholders’ equity and comprehensive 
income, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-
year period ended July 31, 2011.  The Company’s 
management is responsible for these financial statements.  
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these 
financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the 
standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight 
Board (United States).  Those standards require that we 
plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable 
assurance about whether the consolidated financial 
statements are free of material misstatement. The 
Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged 
to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial 
reporting.  Our audits included consideration of internal 
control over financial reporting as a basis for designing 
audit procedures that are appropriate in the 
circumstances, but not for purpose of expressing an 
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal 
control over financial reporting.  Accordingly, we express 
no such opinion.  An audit also includes examining, on a 
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and 
disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, 
assessing the accounting principles used and significant 
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the 
overall financial statement presentation.  We believe that 
our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements 
referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, 
the financial position of the Company as of July 31, 2011 
and 2010, and the results of its operations and its cash 
flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended 
July 31, 2011 in conformity with accounting principles 
generally accepted in the United States of America. 

Schneider Downs & Co., Inc.
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
October 28, 2011

20

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

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21

 
Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Statements of Income

Assets

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents
Investment securities available for sale
Contract receivables, net
Deferred income taxes
Other current assets

Total current assets

Property, building and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, 
$22,972,422 and $21,040,900
Deferred income taxes
Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Current liabilities:

Accounts payable
Accrued payroll costs
Income taxes payable
Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations
Billings in excess of revenue
Other accrued liabilities

July 31, 2011

July 31, 2010

 $8,529,842  
1,491,459  
63,750,870  
4,949,368  
2,254,415 

 $14,347,194  
1,305,739  
47,096,456  
3,557,156  
2,025,001 

80,975,954 

 68,331,546

 9,961,304  
1,300,181  
2,030,203 

8,664,453  
1,291,297  
1,671,636 

 $94,267,642 

 $79,958,932 

 $13,097,765  
9,146,711  
1,195,741  
1,689,920  
7,727,725  
6,139,423 

$10,863,390  
7,451,310  
1,083,911  
928,027  
4,128,118  
4,926,798 

Total current liabilities

 38,997,285 

 29,381,554 

Income taxes payable
Deferred income taxes
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations

Commitments and contingencies (see note #17)

Shareholders' equity:

Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share;
authorized - 2,000,000 shares; no shares issued

Class A common stock, par value $.01 per share; 
Authorized - 6,000,000 shares; issued - 2,685,151 and 2,685,072 shares

Class B common stock, par value $.01 per share; 
Authorized - 10,000,000 shares; issued - 1,708,574 and 1,708,653 shares

Capital in excess of par value
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive income 

Treasury stock - Class A common, 1
Class B common, 64,801 shares, at cost 

25,923

 and 

136,461 shares;

Total Ecology and Environment, Inc., shareholders' equity
Noncontrolling interests

Total shareholders' equity

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 339,027
525,106  
448,391  

—

—

 286,523  
289,531  
767,302  

—

—

26,851 

 26,850 

Weighted average common shares outstanding: basic and diluted

4,222,688 

 4,160,816 

 4,115,921 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

17,087 

17,088

19,983,029
30,797,763  
1,527,189 

20,059,200  
25,800,803  
815,906

 (2,317,515)

(1,855,466)

50,034,404  
3,923,429 

44,864,381  
4,369,641 

 53,957,833 

 49,234,022 

 $94,267,642 

 $79,958,932 

22

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23

Cost of professional services and other direct operating expenses

65,914,987

49,623,816

50,383,876 

Subcontract costs

31,325,937

30,292,117

37,219,954

Administrative and indirect operating expenses

42,534,303

38,166,067

34,309,408

Revenue

Marketing and related costs

Depreciation

Income from operations

Interest expense

Interest income

Other income (expense)

Gain on sale of assets

Income tax provision 

Net income

Year ended July 31,

2011

2010

2009

$169,172,860

 $144,098,294 

 $146,081,483

15,251,165

14,438,785

13,101,999

1,760,763

1,684,406

1,620,829

12,385,705

9,893,103 

9,445,417

(355,766)

 (222,558)

(77,238)

85,771 

 107,211 

 202,052

64,524 

 (68,349)

(41,064)

290,526

 809,200 

 —     

4,631,235

3,902,222 

2,560,897 

$8,123,936

 $6,556,667 

 $6,889,340 

Net foreign currency exchange gain (loss)

284,411

 (59,718)

(78,930)

Income before income tax provision

12,755,171

10,458,889

9,450,237  

Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest

(1,163,673)

 (2,299,060)

 (1,668,066)

Net income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc.

$6,960,263

$4,257,607 

 $5,221,274 

Net income per common share: basic and diluted

$1.65

 $1.02 

 $1.27 

 
   
  
    
   
Property, building and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, 

Assets

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

Investment securities available for sale

Contract receivables, net

Deferred income taxes

Other current assets

Total current assets

$22,972,422 and $21,040,900

Deferred income taxes

Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable

Accrued payroll costs

Income taxes payable

Billings in excess of revenue

Other accrued liabilities

Total current liabilities

Income taxes payable

Deferred income taxes

Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations

Long-term debt and capital lease obligations

Commitments and contingencies (see note #17)

Shareholders' equity:

Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share;

authorized - 2,000,000 shares; no shares issued

Class A common stock, par value $.01 per share; 

Class B common stock, par value $.01 per share; 

Capital in excess of par value

Retained earnings

Accumulated other comprehensive income 

Treasury stock - Class A common, 1

25,923

 and 

136,461 shares;

Class B common, 64,801 shares, at cost 

Total Ecology and Environment, Inc., shareholders' equity

Noncontrolling interests

Total shareholders' equity

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

July 31, 2011

July 31, 2010

 $8,529,842  

1,491,459  

63,750,870  

4,949,368  

2,254,415 

 $14,347,194  

1,305,739  

47,096,456  

3,557,156  

2,025,001 

80,975,954 

 68,331,546

 9,961,304  

1,300,181  

2,030,203 

8,664,453  

1,291,297  

1,671,636 

 $94,267,642 

 $79,958,932 

 $13,097,765  

$10,863,390  

 38,997,285 

 29,381,554 

9,146,711  

1,195,741  

1,689,920  

7,727,725  

6,139,423 

 339,027

525,106  

448,391  

—

—

7,451,310  

1,083,911  

928,027  

4,128,118  

4,926,798 

 286,523  

289,531  

767,302  

—

—

19,983,029

30,797,763  

1,527,189 

20,059,200  

25,800,803  

815,906

 (2,317,515)

(1,855,466)

50,034,404  

3,923,429 

44,864,381  

4,369,641 

 53,957,833 

 49,234,022 

 $94,267,642 

 $79,958,932 

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Statements of Income

Revenue

2011

Year ended July 31,
2010

2009

$169,172,860

 $144,098,294 

 $146,081,483

Cost of professional services and other direct operating expenses

65,914,987

49,623,816

50,383,876 

Subcontract costs

31,325,937

30,292,117

37,219,954

Administrative and indirect operating expenses

42,534,303

38,166,067

34,309,408

Marketing and related costs

Depreciation

Income from operations

Interest expense

Interest income

Other income (expense)

Gain on sale of assets

15,251,165

14,438,785

13,101,999

1,760,763

1,684,406

1,620,829

12,385,705

9,893,103 

9,445,417

(355,766)

 (222,558)

(77,238)

85,771 

 107,211 

 202,052

64,524 

 (68,349)

(41,064)

290,526

 809,200 

 —     

Net foreign currency exchange gain (loss)

284,411

 (59,718)

(78,930)

Income before income tax provision

12,755,171

10,458,889

9,450,237  

Income tax provision 

Net income

4,631,235

3,902,222 

2,560,897 

$8,123,936

 $6,556,667 

 $6,889,340 

Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest

(1,163,673)

 (2,299,060)

 (1,668,066)

Net income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc.

$6,960,263

$4,257,607 

 $5,221,274 

Net income per common share: basic and diluted

$1.65

 $1.02 

 $1.27 

Authorized - 6,000,000 shares; issued - 2,685,151 and 2,685,072 shares

26,851 

 26,850 

Weighted average common shares outstanding: basic and diluted

4,222,688 

 4,160,816 

 4,115,921 

Authorized - 10,000,000 shares; issued - 1,708,574 and 1,708,653 shares

17,087 

17,088

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

22

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Global Environmental Specialists

23

 
   
  
    
   
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net income

Year ended July 31,

2011

2010

2009

 $ 8,123,936

 $ 

6,556,667

$

 6,889,340

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

Consolidated Statements of Changes in 

Shareholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income

Common Stock

Capital in Excess 

Retained

  Comprehensive

Treasury Stock

Class

Shares

Amount

of Par Value

Earnings

Income (loss)

Shares

Amount

Balance at July 31, 2008

2,661,498

$26,615

$20,014,257

$19,664,147

$834,667

130,141

$(1,302,663)

1,732,227

$17,323

}

Noncontrolling

Comprehensive

Interest

$4,169,247

Income

$9,333,989

Depreciation expense

Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes

Share-based compensation expense

Tax impact of share-based compensation

Gain on sale of assets

Provision for contract adjustments

Bad debt expense

(Increase) decrease in:

- contract receivables
- other current assets
- income tax receivable
- other non-current assets

Increase (decrease) in:
- accounts payable

- accrued payroll costs
- income taxes payable

- billings in excess of revenue

- other accrued liabilities

        1,760,763

        1,684,406

1,620,829

         (910,413)

         472,455

1,742,493

            541,175

—

            485,945             446,412 
—

102,737

(290,526)

(809,200)

—

            2,943,470  

            637,846             (88,387)

            450,000  

            —

            —

         (18,286,613)
(114,402)

            —
          42,082 

         (5,661,388)
233,414
            802,926
          (64,430)

         (3,874,581) 

            (201,671)
(787,370)

            18,793

       822,701  

             1,545,961
          (98,721)

       (3,120,409)
            149,316  
         1,066,930

            4,382,635

        1,363,854
          (671,355)

         3,396,873  

         (121,749) 

          (261,063)

             1,084,505

            18,273

          (897,446)

Net cash provided by operating activities

         1,010,791 

         2,433,739 

         9,682,483

Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities:

Acquisition of noncontrolling interest of subsidiaries

                     (637,745)

(1,000,000)

          (27,879)

Purchase of Lowham Engineering LLC

Purchase of Engineering Consulting Services, Inc., net of cash equivalents of $309,487
Purchase of property, building and equipment
Change in accounts payable due to purchase of equipment
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
Purchase of investment securities, net

          —
               (790,513)
(2,476,059)
953,749
322,807 
           (195,163)

          (200,000)
            —

—
            —

              (1,992,724)
            —

959,200
          (55,791)

          (1,869,016)
            —
—
       (39,210)

Net cash used in investing activities

        (2,822,924)

       (2,289,315)

(1,9

,
36 105

)

Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities:

Dividends paid

Proceeds from debt
Repayment of debt and capital lease obligations

Distributions to noncontrolling interests
Proceeds from sale of subsidiary shares to noncontrolling interests
Purchase of treasury stock

Net cash used in financing activities

             (1,814,839)

            (1,684,482)

          (1,546,359)

          795,795  

           (945,320)

          468,038 
          (778,035)

          632,185
       (1,942,882)

            (847,749)

 90,368  

 (1,335,960)

            (845,106)
            (625,677) 
       227,562
       69,108
—
            (1,832,123) 

              (4,057,705)

              (2,612,023)

            (5,245,748) 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

       52,486 

       49,908

         (119,538) 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

24

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

         (5,817,352)
         14,347,194 

         (2,417,691)          2,381,092
         16,764,885         14,383,793

 $8,529,842 

         $14,347,194 

 $ 16,764,885

(135,285)

36,092

(39,895)

391,850

90,368

667,000

(847,749)

(1,531,623)

—

36,092

—

A

B

2,685,151

1,708,574

$26,851

$17,087

}

$19,983,029

$30,797,763

$1,527,189

190,724

$(2,317,515)

$3,923,429

$8,847,338

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Global Environmental Specialists

25

Balance at July 31, 2009

2,677,651

$26,776

$20,093,952

$23,290,768

$441,965

307,091

$(2,819,138)

$5,273,455

$6,517,228

9,459

6,589

(60,528)

A

B

A

B

A

B

A

B

A

B

A

B

Net income

Foreign currency translation adjustment

Cash dividends paid ($.39 per share)

Unrealized investment gain, net

Conversion of common stock - B to A

Repurchase of Class A common stock

Issuance of stock under stock award plan

Share-based compensation expense

Sale of subsidiary shares to noncontrolling interests

Distributions to noncontrolling interests

Purchase of additional noncontrolling interests

Other

Net income

Foreign currency translation adjustment

Cash dividends paid ($.42 per share)

Unrealized investment gain, net

Conversion of common stock - B to A

Issuance of stock under stock award plan

Share-based compensation expense

Tax impact of share based compensation

Sale of subsidiary shares to noncontrolling interests

Distributions to noncontrolling interests

Purchase of additional noncontrolling interests

Other

Net Income

Foreign currency translation adjustment

Cash dividends paid ($.46 per share)

Unrealized investment gain, net

Conversion of common stock - B to A

Repurchase of Class A common stock

Issuance of stock under stock award plan

Share-based compensation expense

Tax impact of share based compensation

Sale of subsidiary shares to noncontrolling interests

Issuance of shares to noncontrolling interests

Distributions to noncontrolling interests

Purchase of additional noncontrolling interests

Stock award plan forfeitures

Balance at July 31, 2011

1,716,074

$17,162

}

7,421

(7,421)

}

(74)

4,257,607

(1,747,572)

423,493

—

—

23,159

—

5,221,274

(1,594,653)

—

(402,403)

—

9,701

16,153

(16,153)

161

(161)

}

(376,176)

446,412

207,941

(1,832,123)

(37,580)

376,176

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

79

(79)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

74

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 —

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

396

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1,668,066

20,590

—

—

—

—

—

—

69,108

(625,677)

(27,879)

—

2,299,060

(59,236)

227,562

(845,106)

(2,526,094)

—

1,163,673

12,119

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

6,889,340

(381,813)

—

9,701

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

6,556,667

291,546

—

23,159

—

(72,711)

8,123,936

698,499

(11,189)

(372,172)

485,945

102,737

—

—

(254,181)

2,919

(42,675)

372,172

(72,711)

(66,667)

3,513

616,670

(25,170)

6,960,263

(1,963,303)

686,380

(11,189)

1

(1) }

(482,061)

541,175

84,002

(55,041)

(1,335,960)

482,061

Balance at July 31, 2010

2,685,072

$26,850

$20,059,200

$25,800,803

$815,906

201,262

$(1,855,466)

$4,369,641

$6,798,661

1,708,653

$17,088

}

 
 
                
                     
 
            
               
          
 
               
          
          
 
                
          
          
 
 
               
          
          
 
                
    
    
      
          
          
 
 
    
       
          
 
 
   
 
  
  
 
              
 
    
      
                     
          
                
 
 
       
         
    
          
                
          
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Consolidated Statements of Changes in 
Shareholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net income

Depreciation expense

Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes

Share-based compensation expense

Tax impact of share-based compensation

Gain on sale of assets

Provision for contract adjustments

Bad debt expense

(Increase) decrease in:

- contract receivables

- other current assets

- income tax receivable

- other non-current assets

Increase (decrease) in:

- accounts payable

- accrued payroll costs

- income taxes payable

- billings in excess of revenue

- other accrued liabilities

Year ended July 31,

2011

2010

2009

 $ 8,123,936

 $ 

6,556,667

   6,889,340

$

        1,760,763

        1,684,406

1,620,829

         (910,413)

         472,455

1,742,493

            541,175

            485,945             446,412 

—

(290,526)

102,737

(809,200)

—

—

            2,943,470  

            637,846             (88,387)

            450,000  

            —

            —

         (18,286,613)

         (5,661,388)

         (3,874,581) 

(114,402)

233,414

            (201,671)

            —

            802,926

(787,370)

          42,082 

          (64,430)

            18,793

       822,701  

       (3,120,409)

            4,382,635

             1,545,961

            149,316  

        1,363,854

          (98,721)

         1,066,930

          (671,355)

         3,396,873  

         (121,749) 

          (261,063)

             1,084,505

            18,273

          (897,446)

Net cash provided by operating activities

         1,010,791 

         2,433,739 

         9,682,483

Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities:

Acquisition of noncontrolling interest of subsidiaries

                     (637,745)

(1,000,000)

          (27,879)

Purchase of Lowham Engineering LLC

          —

          (200,000)

Purchase of Engineering Consulting Services, Inc., net of cash equivalents of $309,487

               (790,513)

            —

            —

Purchase of property, building and equipment

Change in accounts payable due to purchase of equipment

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment

Purchase of investment securities, net

(2,476,059)

              (1,992,724)

          (1,869,016)

            —

            —

953,749

322,807 

959,200

           (195,163)

          (55,791)

       (39,210)

—

—

Net cash used in investing activities

        (2,822,924)

       (2,289,315)

(1,9

36 105

,

)

Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities:

Dividends paid

Proceeds from debt

Repayment of debt and capital lease obligations

Distributions to noncontrolling interests

Proceeds from sale of subsidiary shares to noncontrolling interests

Purchase of treasury stock

Net cash used in financing activities

             (1,814,839)

            (1,684,482)

          (1,546,359)

          795,795  

          468,038 

          632,185

           (945,320)

          (778,035)

       (1,942,882)

            (847,749)

            (845,106)

            (625,677) 

 90,368  

       227,562

       69,108

 (1,335,960)

—

            (1,832,123) 

              (4,057,705)

              (2,612,023)

            (5,245,748) 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

       52,486 

       49,908

         (119,538) 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

24

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

         (5,817,352)

         (2,417,691)          2,381,092

         14,347,194 

         16,764,885         14,383,793

 $8,529,842 

         $14,347,194 

 $ 16,764,885

Common Stock

Class

Shares

Amount

Capital in Excess 
of Par Value

Retained
Earnings

  Comprehensive
Income (loss)

Treasury Stock

Shares

Amount

$20,014,257

$19,664,147

$834,667

130,141

$(1,302,663)

Noncontrolling
Interest
$4,169,247

Comprehensive
Income
$9,333,989

Balance at July 31, 2008

Net income
Foreign currency translation adjustment

Cash dividends paid ($.39 per share)

Unrealized investment gain, net

Conversion of common stock - B to A

Repurchase of Class A common stock

Issuance of stock under stock award plan

Share-based compensation expense

Sale of subsidiary shares to noncontrolling interests

Distributions to noncontrolling interests

Purchase of additional noncontrolling interests

Other

Balance at July 31, 2009

Net income
Foreign currency translation adjustment

Cash dividends paid ($.42 per share)

Unrealized investment gain, net

Conversion of common stock - B to A

Issuance of stock under stock award plan

Share-based compensation expense

Tax impact of share based compensation

Sale of subsidiary shares to noncontrolling interests

Distributions to noncontrolling interests

Purchase of additional noncontrolling interests

Other

Balance at July 31, 2010

Net Income
Foreign currency translation adjustment

Cash dividends paid ($.46 per share)

Unrealized investment gain, net

Conversion of common stock - B to A

A

B

A
B

A

B

A

B

A

B

A

B

Repurchase of Class A common stock

Issuance of stock under stock award plan

Share-based compensation expense

Tax impact of share based compensation
Sale of subsidiary shares to noncontrolling interests

Issuance of shares to noncontrolling interests
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
Purchase of additional noncontrolling interests
Stock award plan forfeitures

Balance at July 31, 2011

2,661,498

$26,615

1,732,227

$17,323

}

—
—

—

—

—
—

—

—

16,153
(16,153)
—

}

161
(161)
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2,677,651

$26,776

1,716,074

$17,162

}

—

—
—

—

7,421

(7,421)
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

}

—

—
—

—

74

(74)
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2,685,072

$26,850

1,708,653

$17,088

}

—
—

—

—

—

—

(376,176)

446,412

—

—

—

9,459

5,221,274
—

(1,594,653)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(402,403)

—

9,701

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—
—

—

—
 —

—
—

—

—

—

207,941

(1,832,123)

(37,580)

376,176

—
—

—

—

—
—

—

—

6,589

(60,528)

1,668,066

20,590

—

—

—

—

—

—

69,108

(625,677)

(27,879)

—

6,889,340

(381,813)

—

9,701

—

—

—

—
—

—

—

—

$20,093,952

$23,290,768

$441,965

307,091

$(2,819,138)

$5,273,455

$6,517,228

—

—

—

—
—

4,257,607
—

(1,747,572)
—
—

—

423,493
—

23,159
—

—

—

—

—
—

(372,172)

485,945

102,737

—

—

(254,181)

2,919

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(42,675)
—

—

—

—

(72,711)

(66,667)

—

3,513

616,670

(25,170)

—

—

—

—
—

372,172

—

—

—

—

2,299,060
(59,236)
—

—
—

—
—

—

227,562

(845,106)

(2,526,094)

—

6,556,667
291,546
—

23,159
—

—
—

—

—

—

(72,711)

—

$20,059,200

$25,800,803

$815,906

201,262

$(1,855,466)

$4,369,641

$6,798,661

—

—
—

—

79
(79)
—

—

—

—
—
—

—

—
—

—

—
—

—

1

(1) }

—

—

—

—
—
—

—

—
—

—

—
—

—

—

—

(482,061)

541,175

—
—
—

—

(135,285)
—

6,960,263
—

(1,963,303)
—

—

—

—

—

—
—
—

—

—
—

—

686,380
—

(11,189)
—

—

—

—

—
—
—

—

—

—
—

—

—

—

—
—

—

—

84,002

(55,041)

(1,335,960)

482,061

—

—
—
—

—

—

—
—
—

—

36,092
—

(39,895)
396

391,850
—

1,163,673
12,119
—

—

—

—

—

—

—
90,368

667,000
(847,749)
(1,531,623)
—

8,123,936
698,499
—

(11,189)
—

—

—

—

—
—
—

—

36,092
—

A

B

2,685,151
1,708,574

$26,851

$17,087

}

$19,983,029

$30,797,763

$1,527,189

190,724

$(2,317,515)

$3,923,429

$8,847,338

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Global Environmental Specialists

25

 
                
                     
 
            
               
          
 
               
          
          
 
                
          
          
 
 
               
          
          
 
                
    
    
      
          
          
 
 
    
       
          
 
 
   
 
  
  
 
              
 
    
      
                     
          
                
 
 
       
         
    
          
                
          
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Summary of Operations and Basis 
    of Presentation
Ecology and Environment, Inc., (“E&E” or “Company”) is a 
global broad-based environmental consulting firm whose 
underlying philosophy is to provide professional services 
worldwide so that sustainable economic and human 
development may proceed with minimum negative impact on 
the environment. The Company’s staff is comprised of 
individuals representing 85 scientific, engineering, health, and 
social disciplines working together in multidisciplinary teams to 
provide innovative environmental solutions. The Company has 
completed more than 50,000 projects for a wide variety of 
clients in 113 countries, providing environmental solutions in 
nearly every ecosystem on the planet.  Revenues reflected in the 
Company's consolidated statements of income represent 
services rendered for which the Company maintains a primary 
contractual relationship with its customers. Included in revenues 
are certain services outside the Company's normal operations 
which the Company has elected to subcontract to other 
contractors.

During fiscal years ended July 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, the 
percentages of total revenues derived from contracts exclusively 
with the United States Department of Defense (DOD) were 6%, 
8% and 14%.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
a. Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of 
the Company and its wholly owned and majority owned 
subsidiaries. Also reflected in the consolidated financial 
statements is the 50% ownership in the Chinese operating joint 
venture, The Tianjin Green Engineering Company. This joint 
venture is accounted for under the equity method. All 
intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

b. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with 
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of 
America requires management to make estimates and 
assumptions as of the date of the financial statements, which 
affect the reported values of assets and liabilities and revenues 
and expenses and disclosures of contingent assets and 
liabilities. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

c. Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts were reclassified to conform to the 
fiscal year 2011 consolidated financial statement presentation.

d. Revenue recognition
Substantially all of the Company's revenue is derived from 
environmental consulting work. The consulting revenue is 
principally derived from the sale of labor hours. The consulting 
work is performed under a mix of fixed price, cost-type, and time 

and material contracts. Contracts are required from all 
customers. Revenue is recognized as follows:

Contract Type 

Work Type       Revenue Recognition Policy  

Consulting

As incurred at contract rates.

Time and 
Materials

Fixed Price

Consulting

Cost-Type

Consulting

Percentage of completion, 
approximating the ratio of either total 
costs or Level of Effort (LOE) hours 
incurred to date to total estimated costs 
or LOE hours.

Costs as incurred. Fixed fee portion is 
recognized using  percentage of 
completion determined by the 
percentage of level of effort (LOE) hours 
incurred to total LOE hours in the 
respective contracts.

Substantially all of the Company's cost-type work is with federal 
governmental agencies and, as such, is subject to audits after 
contract completion. Under these cost-type contracts, provisions 
for adjustments to accrued revenue are recognized on a 
quarterly basis and based on past audit settlement history. 
Government audits have been completed and final rates have 
been negotiated through fiscal year 2002. The Company 
records an allowance for contract adjustments which is recorded 
in other accrued liabilities principally represents a reserve for 
contract adjustments for the fiscal years 1996-2011.

Change orders can occur when changes in scope are made 
after project work has begun, and can be initiated by either the 
Company or its clients. Claims are amounts in excess of the 
agreed contract price which the Company seeks to recover from 
a client for customer delays and / or errors or unapproved 
change orders that are in dispute. Costs related to change 
orders and claims are recognized as incurred. Revenues and 
profit are recognized on change orders when it is probable that 
the change order will be approved and the amount can be 
reasonably estimated. Contract claims are recorded when 
realization is probable, estimatable and reasonable support from 
the customer exists.

All bid and proposal and other pre-contract costs are expensed 
as incurred. Out of pocket expenses such as travel, meals, field 
supplies, and other costs billed direct to contracts are included 
in both revenues and cost of professional services.  Sales and 
cost of sales at the Company’s South American subsidiaries 
exclude tax assessments by governmental authorities, which are 
collected by the Company from its customers and then remitted 
to governmental authorities.

e. Investment securities

Investment securities have been classified as available for sale 

and are stated at fair value. Unrealized gains or losses related 

to investment securities available for sale are reflected in 

accumulated other comprehensive income, net of applicable 

income taxes in the consolidated balance sheets and 

statements of changes in shareholders' equity. The cost of 

securities sold is based on the specific identification method. 

The Company had gross unrealized gains of approximately 

$24,000 and $36,000 at July 31, 2011 and July 31, 2010, 

respectively.

amortization

f. Property, building and equipment, depreciation and 

or fair market value. Office furniture and all equipment are 

depreciated on the straight-line method for book purposes, 

excluding computer equipment which is depreciated on the 

accelerated method for book purposes, and on accelerated 

methods for tax purposes over the estimated useful lives of the 

assets (three to seven years). The headquarters building is 

depreciated on the straight-line method for both book and tax 

purposes over an estimated useful life of 32 years. Its 

components are depreciated over their estimated useful lives 

ranging from 7 to 15 years. The additional building and 

warehouse is depreciated on the straight-line method over an 

estimated useful life of 40 years for both book and tax purposes. 

Level 2 Inputs – Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities 

in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or 

liabilities in inactive markets; or valuations based on models 

where the significant inputs are observable (e.g., interest rates, 

yield curves, credit risks, etc.) or can be corroborated by 

observable market data.  The Company’s investment securities 

classified as Level 2 are comprised of corporate and municipal 

bonds.

Level 3 Inputs – Valuations based on models where significant 

inputs are not observable.  The unobservable inputs reflect the 

Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that 

market participants would use.

The following table presents the level within the fair value 

measured on a recurring basis.

Financial assets as of July 31, 2011:

Assets

Level 1

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total

Investment securities 

available for sale

$1,438,286

$53,173

             $      —

$1,491,459

Financial assets as of July 31, 2010:

Assets

Level 1

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total

Investment securities 

available for sale

$1,249,832

$54,021

             $      —

$1,303,853

Property, building and equipment are stated at the lower of cost 

hierarchy at which the Company’s financial assets are 

Leasehold improvements are amortized for book purposes over 

The  carrying  amount  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  contract 

the terms of the leases or the estimated useful lives of the assets, 

receivables,  notes  receivable  and  accounts  payable  at  July  31, 

whichever is shorter. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs 

2011 and July 31, 2010 approximate fair value.  Long-term debt 

are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for 

consists of bank loans and capitalized equipment leases. Based on 

improvements are capitalized. When property or equipment is 

the  Company's  assessment  of  the  current  financial  market  and 

retired or sold, any gain or loss on the transaction is reflected in 

corresponding risks associated with the debt, management believes 

the current year's earnings.

g. Fair value of financial instruments

The Company records and discloses certain financial assets 

and liabilities at their fair value.  The asset’s or liability’s fair 

value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is 

based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the 

fair value measurement.  Valuation techniques used need to 

maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of 

unobservable inputs.  The Company has not elected a fair 

value option on any assets or liabilities.

The three levels of the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets 

that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, 

unrestricted assets or liabilities.  Generally this includes debt 

and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded 

on an active exchange market (e.g., New York Stock Exchange) 

as well as certain U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government and 

agency mortgage-backed securities that are highly liquid and 

are actively traded in over-the-counter markets.  The 

Company’s investment securities classified as Level 1 are 

comprised of mutual funds. 

that the carrying amount of long-term debt at July 31, 2011 and 

July 31, 2010 approximates fair value.   There were no financial 

instruments classified as level 3.

The availability of observable market data is monitored to 

assess the appropriate classification of financial instruments 

within the fair value hierarchy.  Changes in economic 

conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require 

the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to 

another.  In such instances, the transfer is reported at the 

beginning of the reporting period.  The Company evaluated the 

significance of transfers between levels based upon the nature 

of the financial instrument.  For fiscal year ended July 31, 

2011, there were no transfers in or out of levels 1, 2 or 3.

h. Foreign currencies

The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries where the local 

currency is the functional currency are translated into U.S. 

dollars using exchange rates in effect at period end for assets 

and liabilities and average exchange rates during each 

reporting period for results of operations. Translation 

adjustments are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive 

income.  Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange 

rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency 

26

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Global Environmental Specialists

27

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Summary of Operations and Basis 

    of Presentation

Ecology and Environment, Inc., (“E&E” or “Company”) is a 

global broad-based environmental consulting firm whose 

underlying philosophy is to provide professional services 

worldwide so that sustainable economic and human 

development may proceed with minimum negative impact on 

the environment. The Company’s staff is comprised of 

individuals representing 85 scientific, engineering, health, and 

social disciplines working together in multidisciplinary teams to 

provide innovative environmental solutions. The Company has 

completed more than 50,000 projects for a wide variety of 

clients in 113 countries, providing environmental solutions in 

nearly every ecosystem on the planet.  Revenues reflected in the 

Company's consolidated statements of income represent 

services rendered for which the Company maintains a primary 

contractual relationship with its customers. Included in revenues 

are certain services outside the Company's normal operations 

which the Company has elected to subcontract to other 

contractors.

During fiscal years ended July 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, the 

percentages of total revenues derived from contracts exclusively 

with the United States Department of Defense (DOD) were 6%, 

8% and 14%.

a. Consolidation

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of 

the Company and its wholly owned and majority owned 

subsidiaries. Also reflected in the consolidated financial 

statements is the 50% ownership in the Chinese operating joint 

venture, The Tianjin Green Engineering Company. This joint 

venture is accounted for under the equity method. All 

intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

b. Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with 

and material contracts. Contracts are required from all 

customers. Revenue is recognized as follows:

Contract Type 

Work Type       Revenue Recognition Policy  

Consulting

As incurred at contract rates.

Consulting

Percentage of completion, 

Time and 

Materials

Fixed Price

Cost-Type

Consulting

Costs as incurred. Fixed fee portion is 

approximating the ratio of either total 

costs or Level of Effort (LOE) hours 

incurred to date to total estimated costs 

or LOE hours.

recognized using  percentage of 

completion determined by the 

percentage of level of effort (LOE) hours 

incurred to total LOE hours in the 

respective contracts.

Substantially all of the Company's cost-type work is with federal 

governmental agencies and, as such, is subject to audits after 

contract completion. Under these cost-type contracts, provisions 

for adjustments to accrued revenue are recognized on a 

quarterly basis and based on past audit settlement history. 

Government audits have been completed and final rates have 

been negotiated through fiscal year 2002. The Company 

records an allowance for contract adjustments which is recorded 

in other accrued liabilities principally represents a reserve for 

contract adjustments for the fiscal years 1996-2011.

Change orders can occur when changes in scope are made 

after project work has begun, and can be initiated by either the 

Company or its clients. Claims are amounts in excess of the 

agreed contract price which the Company seeks to recover from 

a client for customer delays and / or errors or unapproved 

change orders that are in dispute. Costs related to change 

accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of 

orders and claims are recognized as incurred. Revenues and 

America requires management to make estimates and 

profit are recognized on change orders when it is probable that 

assumptions as of the date of the financial statements, which 

the change order will be approved and the amount can be 

affect the reported values of assets and liabilities and revenues 

reasonably estimated. Contract claims are recorded when 

and expenses and disclosures of contingent assets and 

liabilities. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

the customer exists.

realization is probable, estimatable and reasonable support from 

c. Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts were reclassified to conform to the 

fiscal year 2011 consolidated financial statement presentation.

d. Revenue recognition

Substantially all of the Company's revenue is derived from 

environmental consulting work. The consulting revenue is 

principally derived from the sale of labor hours. The consulting 

work is performed under a mix of fixed price, cost-type, and time 

All bid and proposal and other pre-contract costs are expensed 

as incurred. Out of pocket expenses such as travel, meals, field 

supplies, and other costs billed direct to contracts are included 

in both revenues and cost of professional services.  Sales and 

cost of sales at the Company’s South American subsidiaries 

exclude tax assessments by governmental authorities, which are 

collected by the Company from its customers and then remitted 

to governmental authorities.

e. Investment securities
Investment securities have been classified as available for sale 
and are stated at fair value. Unrealized gains or losses related 
to investment securities available for sale are reflected in 
accumulated other comprehensive income, net of applicable 
income taxes in the consolidated balance sheets and 
statements of changes in shareholders' equity. The cost of 
securities sold is based on the specific identification method. 
The Company had gross unrealized gains of approximately 
$24,000 and $36,000 at July 31, 2011 and July 31, 2010, 
respectively.

f. Property, building and equipment, depreciation and 

amortization

Property, building and equipment are stated at the lower of cost 
or fair market value. Office furniture and all equipment are 
depreciated on the straight-line method for book purposes, 
excluding computer equipment which is depreciated on the 
accelerated method for book purposes, and on accelerated 
methods for tax purposes over the estimated useful lives of the 
assets (three to seven years). The headquarters building is 
depreciated on the straight-line method for both book and tax 
purposes over an estimated useful life of 32 years. Its 
components are depreciated over their estimated useful lives 
ranging from 7 to 15 years. The additional building and 
warehouse is depreciated on the straight-line method over an 
estimated useful life of 40 years for both book and tax purposes. 
Leasehold improvements are amortized for book purposes over 
the terms of the leases or the estimated useful lives of the assets, 
whichever is shorter. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs 
are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for 
improvements are capitalized. When property or equipment is 
retired or sold, any gain or loss on the transaction is reflected in 
the current year's earnings.

g. Fair value of financial instruments
The Company records and discloses certain financial assets 
and liabilities at their fair value.  The asset’s or liability’s fair 
value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is 
based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the 
fair value measurement.  Valuation techniques used need to 
maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of 
unobservable inputs.  The Company has not elected a fair 
value option on any assets or liabilities.

The three levels of the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets 
that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, 
unrestricted assets or liabilities.  Generally this includes debt 
and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded 
on an active exchange market (e.g., New York Stock Exchange) 
as well as certain U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government and 
agency mortgage-backed securities that are highly liquid and 
are actively traded in over-the-counter markets.  The 
Company’s investment securities classified as Level 1 are 
comprised of mutual funds. 

Level 2 Inputs – Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities 
in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or 
liabilities in inactive markets; or valuations based on models 
where the significant inputs are observable (e.g., interest rates, 
yield curves, credit risks, etc.) or can be corroborated by 
observable market data.  The Company’s investment securities 
classified as Level 2 are comprised of corporate and municipal 
bonds.

Level 3 Inputs – Valuations based on models where significant 
inputs are not observable.  The unobservable inputs reflect the 
Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that 
market participants would use.

The following table presents the level within the fair value 
hierarchy at which the Company’s financial assets are 
measured on a recurring basis.

Financial assets as of July 31, 2011:
Assets
Level 2 
Investment securities 
available for sale

$1,438,286

$53,173

Level 1

Level 3 

Total

             $      —

$1,491,459

Financial assets as of July 31, 2010:

Assets
Investment securities 
available for sale

Level 1

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total

$1,249,832

$54,021

             $      —

$1,303,853

The  carrying  amount  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  contract 
receivables,  notes  receivable  and  accounts  payable  at  July  31, 
2011 and July 31, 2010 approximate fair value.  Long-term debt 
consists of bank loans and capitalized equipment leases. Based on 
the  Company's  assessment  of  the  current  financial  market  and 
corresponding risks associated with the debt, management believes 
that the carrying amount of long-term debt at July 31, 2011 and 
July 31, 2010 approximates fair value.   There were no financial 
instruments classified as level 3.

The availability of observable market data is monitored to 
assess the appropriate classification of financial instruments 
within the fair value hierarchy.  Changes in economic 
conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require 
the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to 
another.  In such instances, the transfer is reported at the 
beginning of the reporting period.  The Company evaluated the 
significance of transfers between levels based upon the nature 
of the financial instrument.  For fiscal year ended July 31, 
2011, there were no transfers in or out of levels 1, 2 or 3.

h. Foreign currencies
The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries where the local 
currency is the functional currency are translated into U.S. 
dollars using exchange rates in effect at period end for assets 
and liabilities and average exchange rates during each 
reporting period for results of operations. Translation 
adjustments are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive 
income.  Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange 
rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency 

26

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Global Environmental Specialists

27

other than the functional currency are included in the results of 
operations as a component of other income (expense) as 
incurred.  The Company recorded foreign currency transaction 
gains/(losses) of approximately $280,000 and ($60,000) for 
the years ended July 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries located in highly 
inflationary economies are remeasured as if the functional 
currency were the U.S. dollar. The remeasurement of local 
currencies into U.S. dollars creates transaction adjustments 
which are included in net income. There were no highly 
inflationary economy translation adjustments for fiscal years 
2009-2011.

i. Income taxes
The Company follows the asset and liabilities approach to 
account for income taxes.  This approach requires the 
recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected 
future tax consequences of temporary differences between the 
carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities.  
Although realization is not assured, management believes it is 
more likely than not that the recorded net deferred tax assets 
will be realized.  Since in some cases management has utilized 
estimates, the amount of the net deferred tax asset considered 
realizable could change in the near term.  No provision has 
been made for United States income taxes applicable to 
undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries as it is the 
intention of the Company to indefinitely reinvest those earnings 
in the operations of those entities.

Income tax expense includes U.S. and international income 
taxes, determined using an estimate of the Company’s annual 
effective tax rate.  A deferred tax liability is recognized for all 
taxable temporary differences, and a deferred tax asset is 
recognized for all deductible temporary differences and net 
operating loss carryforwards.

The Company has significant deferred tax assets, resulting 
principally from contract reserves, accrued compensation and 
fixed assets.  The Company periodically evaluates the likelihood 
of realization of deferred tax assets, and has determined that no 
valuation allowance is necessary. Additionally, the Financial 
Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard 
Codification (“ASC”) Topic Income Taxes, prescribes a 
recognition threshold and measurement principles for financial 
statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be 
taken on a tax return.  This topic also provides guidance on 
derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in 
interim period, disclosure and transition.

A tax position is a position in a previously filed tax return or a 
position expected to be taken in a future tax filing that is reflected 
in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities. 
Tax positions shall be recognized only when it is more likely than 
not (likelihood of greater than 50%), based on technical merits, 
that the position will be sustained. Tax positions that meet the 
more likely than not threshold should be measured using a 
probability weighted approach as the largest amount of tax 
benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon 

settlement. Whether the more-likely-than-not recognition 
threshold is met for a tax position, is a matter of judgment based 
on the individual facts and circumstances of that position 
evaluated in light of all available evidence.  The Company 
recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits 
in interest expense and penalties in administrative and indirect 
operating expenses.  See Note 8 to Consolidated Financial 
Statements for additional information.

j. Pension costs
Ecology and Environment Inc. (Parent Company) has a non-
contributory defined contribution plan providing deferred 
benefits for substantially all of the Parent Company's 
employees. The annual expense of the Parent Company's 
supplemental defined contribution plan is based on a 
percentage of eligible wages as authorized by the Parent 
Company's Board of Directors. Benefits under this plan are 
funded as accrued.  Walsh Environmental (Walsh) has a 
defined contribution plan providing deferred benefits for 
substantially all of their employees.  Walsh contributes a 
percentage of eligible wages up to a maximum of 4%.  
Expenses are recorded as they are accrued.

k. Stock based compensation
The FASB ASC Topic Compensation requires companies to 
expense the value of employee stock options and similar 
awards. Share-based payment awards result in a cost that will 
be measured at fair value on the awards' grant date, based on 
the estimated number of awards that are expected to vest. 
Compensation cost for awards that vest would not be reversed 
if the awards expire without being exercised.

l. Earnings per share (EPS)
Basic and diluted EPS is computed by dividing income available 
to common shareholders by the weighted average number of 
common shares outstanding for the period.  The Company 
allocates undistributed earnings between the classes on a one-
to-one basis when computing earnings per share.  As a result, 
basic and fully diluted earnings per Class A and Class B shares 
are equal amounts.  See Note 15 to Consolidated Financial 
Statements for additional information.

m. Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income is defined as "the change in equity of a 
business enterprise during a period from transactions and 
other events and circumstances from non-owner sources." The 
term "comprehensive income" is used to describe the total net 
earnings plus other comprehensive income. Other 
comprehensive income includes currency translation 
adjustments on foreign subsidiaries and unrealized gains or 
losses on available-for-sale securities.

n. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company assesses recoverability of the carrying value of 
long-lived assets by estimating the future net cash flows 
(undiscounted) expected to result from the asset, including 
eventual disposition. If the future net cash flows are less than  
the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded 

equal to the difference between the asset's carrying value and 

balance of receivables for industrial customers and state and 

fair value. The Company identified no events or changes in 

municipal customers are receivables due under the contracts 

circumstances that necessitated an evaluation for an 

with organizations in Kuwait of $12.4 million and $3.0 million 

for an impairment of goodwill.  The Company recorded 

Land and land improvements

additional goodwill of $.1 million during fiscal year 2011 

Buildings and building improvements

related to the acquisition of Engineering Consulting Services 

Equipment

impairment of long lived assets.

o. Goodwill

The total goodwill of approximately $1.2 million is subject to 

an annual assessment for impairment.  The Company’s most 

recent annual impairment assessment for goodwill was 

completed during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011. The 

results of this assessment showed that the fair values of the 

reporting units, using a discounted cash flow method, to which 

goodwill is assigned was in excess of the book values of the 

respective reporting units, resulting in the identification of no 

goodwill impairment. Goodwill is also assessed for impairment 

between annual assessments whenever events or circumstances 

make it more likely than not that an impairment may have 

occurred. The Company identified no events or changes in 

circumstances during the year that necessitated an evaluation 

Inc., LLC (ECSI). See Note 19 to Consolidated Financial 

Statements for additional information.

3. Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company's policy is to invest cash in excess of operating 

requirements in income-producing short-term investments. At 

July 31, 2011 and 2010, short-term investments consist of 

money market funds. Short-term investments amounted to 

approximately $2.0 million at July 31, 2011 and $4.9 million 

at July 31, 2010 and are reflected in cash and cash 

equivalents in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets 

and statements of cash flows.

4. Contract Receivables, net

United States government -

Commercial customers and state and municipal governments -

July 31,

2011

2010

$2,445,

312

$2,445,658

3,364,476

5,819,788

3,528,728

5,974,386

40,181,320

22,772,335

24,504,849

21,723,408

64,686,169

44,495,743

Billed

Unbilled

Billed

Unbilled

at July 31, 2011 and July 31, 2010, respectively which have 

generated the majority of the increase within the billed and 

unbilled balances.  Of the outstanding balances, approximately 

$1.8 million and $.7 million were included in billings in excess 

of revenue as of July 31, 2011 and July 31, 2010, respectively.  

Management anticipates that the July 31, 2011 unbilled 

receivables will be substantially billed and collected within one 

year.   Within the above billed balances are contractual 

retainages in the amount of approximately $222,000 at July 

31, 2011 and $546,000 at July 31, 2010. Management 

anticipates that the July 31, 2011 retainage balance will be 

substantially collected within one year. 

5. Property, Building and Equipment, net

Information technology equipment

Office furniture and equipment

Leasehold improvements and other

Accumulated depreciation 

and amortization

Construction in progress

July 31,

2011

2010

$    393,051

$    393,051

12,149,915

11,927,345

3,786,584

9,576,535

3,835,900

2,237,992

3,198,889

8,660,433

3,501,428

2,024,207

$31,979,977

$29,705,353

(22,972,422)

(21,040,900)

953,749

—

$ 9,961,304

$ 8,664,453

6. Line of Credit

The Company maintains an unsecured line of credit available 

for working capital and letters of credit of $20.5 million at 

interest rates ranging from 3% to 5% at July 31, 2011.  Other 

lines are available solely for letters of credit in the amount of 

$13.5 million.  The Company guarantees the line of credit of 

Walsh.  Its lenders have reaffirmed the Company’s lines of 

credit within the past twelve months.  At July 31, 2011 and July 

31, 2010 the Company had letters of credit outstanding 

totaling approximately $4.1 million and $4.9 million, 

respectively.   After letters of credit and loans, there was $29.9 

million of availability under the lines of credit at July 31, 2011.

7. Debt and Capital Lease Obligations

Debt inclusive of capital lease obligations consists of the 

Allowance for doubtful 

accounts and contract adjustments - 

(6,755,087)

(3,373,673)

following:

$63,750,870

$47,096,456

Various bank loans and advances at 

subsidiaries with interest rates ranging 

July 31,

2011

2010

United States government receivables arise from long-term U.S. 

from 5% to 14%

$1,

907,369

$1,450,247

government prime contracts and subcontracts. Unbilled 

receivables result from revenues which have been earned, but 

are not billed as of period-end.  The above unbilled balances 

Capital lease obligations at subsidiaries 

with varying interest rates averaging 11%

230,942

245,082

2,138,311

1,695,329

are comprised of incurred costs plus fees not yet processed and 

Current portion of debt and capital lease 

billed; and differences between year-to-date provisional billings 

and year-to-date actual contract costs incurred.  Included in the 

obligations 

(1,689,920)

(928,027)

Long-term debt and capital lease obligations

$448,391

$767,302

28

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Global Environmental Specialists

29

  
    
   
    
    
      
      
other than the functional currency are included in the results of 

settlement. Whether the more-likely-than-not recognition 

operations as a component of other income (expense) as 

threshold is met for a tax position, is a matter of judgment based 

incurred.  The Company recorded foreign currency transaction 

on the individual facts and circumstances of that position 

gains/(losses) of approximately $280,000 and ($60,000) for 

evaluated in light of all available evidence.  The Company 

the years ended July 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits 

The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries located in highly 

inflationary economies are remeasured as if the functional 

currency were the U.S. dollar. The remeasurement of local 

currencies into U.S. dollars creates transaction adjustments 

which are included in net income. There were no highly 

inflationary economy translation adjustments for fiscal years 

2009-2011.

i. Income taxes

The Company follows the asset and liabilities approach to 

account for income taxes.  This approach requires the 

recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected 

future tax consequences of temporary differences between the 

carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities.  

Although realization is not assured, management believes it is 

more likely than not that the recorded net deferred tax assets 

will be realized.  Since in some cases management has utilized 

estimates, the amount of the net deferred tax asset considered 

realizable could change in the near term.  No provision has 

been made for United States income taxes applicable to 

undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries as it is the 

intention of the Company to indefinitely reinvest those earnings 

in the operations of those entities.

Income tax expense includes U.S. and international income 

taxes, determined using an estimate of the Company’s annual 

effective tax rate.  A deferred tax liability is recognized for all 

taxable temporary differences, and a deferred tax asset is 

recognized for all deductible temporary differences and net 

operating loss carryforwards.

in interest expense and penalties in administrative and indirect 

operating expenses.  See Note 8 to Consolidated Financial 

Statements for additional information.

j. Pension costs

Ecology and Environment Inc. (Parent Company) has a non-

contributory defined contribution plan providing deferred 

benefits for substantially all of the Parent Company's 

employees. The annual expense of the Parent Company's 

supplemental defined contribution plan is based on a 

percentage of eligible wages as authorized by the Parent 

Company's Board of Directors. Benefits under this plan are 

funded as accrued.  Walsh Environmental (Walsh) has a 

defined contribution plan providing deferred benefits for 

substantially all of their employees.  Walsh contributes a 

percentage of eligible wages up to a maximum of 4%.  

Expenses are recorded as they are accrued.

k. Stock based compensation

The FASB ASC Topic Compensation requires companies to 

expense the value of employee stock options and similar 

awards. Share-based payment awards result in a cost that will 

be measured at fair value on the awards' grant date, based on 

the estimated number of awards that are expected to vest. 

Compensation cost for awards that vest would not be reversed 

if the awards expire without being exercised.

l. Earnings per share (EPS)

Basic and diluted EPS is computed by dividing income available 

to common shareholders by the weighted average number of 

common shares outstanding for the period.  The Company 

The Company has significant deferred tax assets, resulting 

allocates undistributed earnings between the classes on a one-

principally from contract reserves, accrued compensation and 

to-one basis when computing earnings per share.  As a result, 

fixed assets.  The Company periodically evaluates the likelihood 

basic and fully diluted earnings per Class A and Class B shares 

of realization of deferred tax assets, and has determined that no 

are equal amounts.  See Note 15 to Consolidated Financial 

valuation allowance is necessary. Additionally, the Financial 

Statements for additional information.

Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard 

Codification (“ASC”) Topic Income Taxes, prescribes a 

recognition threshold and measurement principles for financial 

statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be 

taken on a tax return.  This topic also provides guidance on 

derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in 

interim period, disclosure and transition.

A tax position is a position in a previously filed tax return or a 

position expected to be taken in a future tax filing that is reflected 

in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities. 

m. Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income is defined as "the change in equity of a 

business enterprise during a period from transactions and 

other events and circumstances from non-owner sources." The 

term "comprehensive income" is used to describe the total net 

earnings plus other comprehensive income. Other 

comprehensive income includes currency translation 

adjustments on foreign subsidiaries and unrealized gains or 

losses on available-for-sale securities.

Tax positions shall be recognized only when it is more likely than 

n. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

not (likelihood of greater than 50%), based on technical merits, 

that the position will be sustained. Tax positions that meet the 

more likely than not threshold should be measured using a 

probability weighted approach as the largest amount of tax 

benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon 

The Company assesses recoverability of the carrying value of 

long-lived assets by estimating the future net cash flows 

(undiscounted) expected to result from the asset, including 

eventual disposition. If the future net cash flows are less than  

the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded 

equal to the difference between the asset's carrying value and 
fair value. The Company identified no events or changes in 
circumstances that necessitated an evaluation for an 
impairment of long lived assets.

o. Goodwill
The total goodwill of approximately $1.2 million is subject to 
an annual assessment for impairment.  The Company’s most 
recent annual impairment assessment for goodwill was 
completed during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011. The 
results of this assessment showed that the fair values of the 
reporting units, using a discounted cash flow method, to which 
goodwill is assigned was in excess of the book values of the 
respective reporting units, resulting in the identification of no 
goodwill impairment. Goodwill is also assessed for impairment 
between annual assessments whenever events or circumstances 
make it more likely than not that an impairment may have 
occurred. The Company identified no events or changes in 
circumstances during the year that necessitated an evaluation 
for an impairment of goodwill.  The Company recorded 
additional goodwill of $.1 million during fiscal year 2011 
related to the acquisition of Engineering Consulting Services 
Inc., LLC (ECSI). See Note 19 to Consolidated Financial 
Statements for additional information.

3. Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company's policy is to invest cash in excess of operating 
requirements in income-producing short-term investments. At 
July 31, 2011 and 2010, short-term investments consist of 
money market funds. Short-term investments amounted to 
approximately $2.0 million at July 31, 2011 and $4.9 million 
at July 31, 2010 and are reflected in cash and cash 
equivalents in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets 
and statements of cash flows.

4. Contract Receivables, net

United States government -

Billed
Unbilled

July 31,

2011

2010

$2,445,

312
3,364,476
5,819,788

$2,445,658
3,528,728
5,974,386

Commercial customers and state and municipal governments -

Billed
Unbilled

Allowance for doubtful 
accounts and contract adjustments - 

40,181,320
24,504,849
64,686,169

22,772,335
21,723,408
44,495,743

(6,755,087)

(3,373,673)

$63,750,870

$47,096,456

United States government receivables arise from long-term U.S. 
government prime contracts and subcontracts. Unbilled 
receivables result from revenues which have been earned, but 
are not billed as of period-end.  The above unbilled balances 
are comprised of incurred costs plus fees not yet processed and 
billed; and differences between year-to-date provisional billings 
and year-to-date actual contract costs incurred.  Included in the 

balance of receivables for industrial customers and state and 
municipal customers are receivables due under the contracts 
with organizations in Kuwait of $12.4 million and $3.0 million 
at July 31, 2011 and July 31, 2010, respectively which have 
generated the majority of the increase within the billed and 
unbilled balances.  Of the outstanding balances, approximately 
$1.8 million and $.7 million were included in billings in excess 
of revenue as of July 31, 2011 and July 31, 2010, respectively.  
Management anticipates that the July 31, 2011 unbilled 
receivables will be substantially billed and collected within one 
year.   Within the above billed balances are contractual 
retainages in the amount of approximately $222,000 at July 
31, 2011 and $546,000 at July 31, 2010. Management 
anticipates that the July 31, 2011 retainage balance will be 
substantially collected within one year. 

5. Property, Building and Equipment, net

Land and land improvements
Buildings and building improvements
Equipment
Information technology equipment
Office furniture and equipment
Leasehold improvements and other

Accumulated depreciation 
and amortization

Construction in progress

2011

July 31,

2010

$    393,051
12,149,915
3,786,584
9,576,535
3,835,900
2,237,992
$31,979,977

$    393,051
11,927,345
3,198,889
8,660,433
3,501,428
2,024,207
$29,705,353

(22,972,422)

(21,040,900)

953,749
$ 9,961,304

—
$ 8,664,453

6. Line of Credit
The Company maintains an unsecured line of credit available 
for working capital and letters of credit of $20.5 million at 
interest rates ranging from 3% to 5% at July 31, 2011.  Other 
lines are available solely for letters of credit in the amount of 
$13.5 million.  The Company guarantees the line of credit of 
Walsh.  Its lenders have reaffirmed the Company’s lines of 
credit within the past twelve months.  At July 31, 2011 and July 
31, 2010 the Company had letters of credit outstanding 
totaling approximately $4.1 million and $4.9 million, 
respectively.   After letters of credit and loans, there was $29.9 
million of availability under the lines of credit at July 31, 2011.

7. Debt and Capital Lease Obligations
Debt inclusive of capital lease obligations consists of the 
following:

Various bank loans and advances at 
subsidiaries with interest rates ranging 
from 5% to 14%
Capital lease obligations at subsidiaries 
with varying interest rates averaging 11%

July 31,

2011

2010

$1,

907,369

$1,450,247

230,942
2,138,311

245,082
1,695,329

Current portion of debt and capital lease 
obligations 
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations

(1,689,920)
$448,391

(928,027)
$767,302

28

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Global Environmental Specialists

29

  
    
   
    
    
      
      
The  aggregate  maturities  of  long-term  debt  and  capital  lease 
obligations at July 31, 2011 are as follows:

The significant components of deferred tax assets (liabilities) as 
of July 31 are as follows:

Company was notified by New York State of a pending income 

Included in other accrued liabilities are general cost 

tax audit for fiscal years 2008 through 2010.  The Company’s 

disallowances relating to potential cost disallowances on 

Fiscal Year 
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Thereafter

Amount
$1,689,920
369,273
65,994
13,124
—
—

$2,138,311

8. Income Taxes
Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision 
(benefit) for income taxes, noncontrolling interest and 
discontinued operations was as follows:

     Domestic
     Foreign

2011

2010

2009

$  

7,212,154
5,543,017
$12,755,171

$  

3,216,835
7,242,054
$10,458,889

$ 

9,119,751
330,486
$ 9,450,237

The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the years ended July 
31 was as follows:

Current:
     Federal
     State
     Foreign

Deferred:
     Federal
     State 
     Foreign

2011

2010

2009

$  

3,014,130
786,651
1,740,868
$  5,541,649

$  1,381,857
411,636
1,636,274
$  3,429,767

$   (864,823)
393,385
1,289,842
$ 818,404

$  (409,268)
(91,656)
(409,489)
$  (910,413)
$ 4,631,236

$    262,326
77,151
132,978
$    472,455
$ 3,902,222

$  2,072,947
33,019
(363,473)
$  1,742,493
$  2,560,897

A reconciliation of income tax expense (benefit) using the statutory 
U.S. income tax rate compared with actual income tax expense 
(benefit) for the years ended July 31 was as follows:

2011

2010

2009

U.S. federal statutory income tax rate
Re-evaluation of tax contingencies
Income from “pass-through” entities 
taxable to noncontrolling partners
International rate differences
Foreign dividend income
Domestic manufacturing deduction
State taxes, net of federal benefit
Other

34.0%
—

34.0%
—

(2.3%)
 (2.5%)
3.8%
(1.9%)
3.8%
1.4%

(1.3%)
 (0.9%)
1.9%
(0.4%)
3.1%
0.9%

34.0%
(9.1%)

(2.8%)
(0.1%)
0.6%
(0.1%)
2.7%
1.6%

Total

36.3%

37.3%

27.0%

2011
Current Noncurrent

2010
Current Noncurrent

$3,561,551

$            —

$2,946,530

$            —

—

159,452

—

527,294

1,537,003

381,767

561,213

400,350

—

—

282,885

117,122

—

—

234,693

80,666

(188,199)
—

(33,383)

(346,469)

(156,705)
—

(51,663)
—

(267,371)
306,384

(79,098)
124,967

—

—

206,118

99,957

$4,949,368

$1,300,181

$3,557,156

$1,291,297

Contract and 
other reserves
Fixed assets and 
intangibles
Accrued 
compensation 
and expenses
Net operating 
loss 
carryforwards
Foreign and state 
income taxes
Federal benefit 
on state deferred 
taxes
Foreign tax credit
Valuation 
Allowance
Other
Net deferred tax 
assets

Other
Net deferred tax 
liabilities

$

$

—

—

$

(525,106)

$

—

$

(289,531)

$

(525,106)

$

—

$

(289,531)

The FASB ASC Topic Income Taxes clarifies the accounting for 
uncertainty in income taxes and reduces the diversity in current 
practice associated with the financial statement recognition and 
measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a 
tax return by defining a “more-likely-than-not” threshold regarding 
the sustainability of the position.  The first step involves assessing 
whether the tax position is more likely than not to be sustained 
upon examination based on the technical merits.  The second step 
involves measurement of the amount to recognize.  Tax positions 
that meet the more likely then not threshold are measured at the 
largest amount of tax benefit greater than 50% likely of being 
realized upon ultimate finalization with tax authorities.  

For fiscal years 2010 and 2011, there was no one item that 
significantly impacted the change in the deferred tax assets and 
liabilities.  A valuation allowance of approximately $346,000 has 
been established on excess foreign tax credit carryforwards, the 
utilization of which is dependent on future foreign source income.

The Company has not recorded income taxes applicable to 
undistributed earnings of all foreign subsidiaries that are 
indefinitely reinvested in those operations.  At July 31, 2011, 
these amounts totaling approximately $5.8 million related 
primarily to operations in Saudi Arabia, Chile, Peru and 
Ecuador. The Company files numerous consolidated and 
separate income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and 
in many state and foreign jurisdictions.  In fiscal year 2010, the 
IRS completed the audit for fiscal year 2008 with no proposed 
changes.  In fiscal year 2011, the IRS completed the audit for 
fiscal year 2009 with no proposed changes.  The Company’s 
tax matters for the fiscal years 2010 and 2011 remain subject 
to examination by the IRS. On September 9, 2011, the 

tax matters in other material jurisdictions remain subject to 

examination by the respective state, local, and foreign tax 

jurisdiction authorities. No waivers have been executed that 

would extend the period subject to examination beyond the 

period prescribed by statute.

As of July 31, 2011, for federal income tax return purposes, 

the Company has used all of their U.S. net operating loss 

carryforwards.  The remaining net operating losses pertain to 

losses in Brazil.

For fiscal year ended July 31, 2011, E&E recognized interest 

and penalties expense of approximately $44,000.  For the 

twelve months ended July 31, 2009, E&E recognized a foreign 

exchange gain of $275,000 related to the settlement of an 

unrecognized tax benefit UTPs) for Kuwait.

It is reasonably possible that the liability associated with our 

unrecognized tax benefits will increase or decrease within the next 

twelve months.  At this time, an estimate of the range of the 

reasonably possible outcomes cannot be made.

At July 31, 2011 and July 31, 2010, the Company had 

approximately $531,000 and $241,000, respectively, of gross 

unrecognized tax benefits (UTPs) that if realized, would favorably 

affect the effective income tax rate in future periods.  It is 

reasonably possible that the liability associated with UTPs will 

an estimate of the range of the reasonably possible outcomes 

cannot be made.  At July 31, 2011 and 2010, the liability for 

UTPs and associated interest and penalties are classified as 

noncurrent liabilities, except for $237,000 in fiscal year 2011, 

which relates to income taxes for calendar year 2010 in Kuwait 

and is expected to be settled within the next twelve months.

amounts billed and collected in current and prior years' projects 

of approximately $3.9 million and $3.5 million at July 31, 

2011 and July 31, 2010, respectively.  The allowance for 

contract adjustments is recorded for contract disputes and 

government audits when the amounts are estimatible.

10. Stock Award Plan

Ecology and Environment, Inc. has adopted a 1998 Stock Award 

Plan effective March 16, 1998 (1998 Plan).  To supplement the 

1998 Plan, a 2003 Stock Award Plan (2003 Plan) was approved 

by the shareholders at the Annual Meeting held in January 2004 

and a 2007 Stock Award Plan (2007 Plan) was approved by the 

shareholders at the Annual Meeting held in January of 2008 (the 

1998 Plan, 2003 Plan and the 2007 Plan collectively referred to 

as the Award Plan).  The 2003 Plan was approved retroactive to 

October 16, 2003 and terminated on October 15, 2008 and the 

2007 Plan was approved retroactive to October 18, 2007 and 

will terminate October 17, 2012.  Under the Award Plan key 

employees (including officers) of the Company or any of its present 

or future subsidiaries may be designated to received awards of 

Class A Common stock of the Company as a bonus for services 

rendered to the Company or its subsidiaries, without payment 

therefore, based upon the fair market value of the Company stock 

at the time of the award. The Award Plan authorizes the 

Company's board of directors to determine for what period of time 

The Company awarded 55,041 shares valued at approximately 

$.7 million in October 2010 pursuant to the Award Plan. These 

awards issued have a three year vesting period. The "pool" of 

excess tax benefits accumulated in Capital in Excess of Par 

Value was $225,000 at July 31, 2011 and July 31, 2010.   

Total gross compensation expense is recognized over the 

increase or decrease within the next twelve months.  At this time, 

and under what circumstances awards can be forfeited.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of UTPs as of 

vesting period. 

July 31 is as follows:

Beginning balance

$240,900

$290,495

million and $.6 million at July 31, 2011 and July 31, 2010, 

2011

2010

Unrecognized compensation expense was approximately $.7 

Additions for tax positions during 

the current year

Additions for tax positions of prior 

years

years for:

Reductions for tax positions of prior 

- Changes in judgment

- Settlements during the period

(31,400)

- Changes in non-controlling 

interests

- Lapses of the applicable 

statute of limitations

280,700

40,300

—

—

—

—

—

(4,627)

 —

respectively.

11. Shareholders' Equity

a. Class A and Class B common stock

The relative rights, preferences and limitations of the Company's 

Class A and Class B common stock can be summarized as 

follows: Holders of Class A shares are entitled to elect 25% of the 

Board of Directors so long as the number of outstanding Class A 

19,530

shares is at least 10% of the combined total number of outstanding 

Class A and Class B common shares. Holders of Class A common 

(64,498)

shares have one-tenth the voting power of Class B common shares 

Ending balance  

 $530,500

$240,900

with respect to most other matters.

9. Other Accrued Liabilities

General cost disallowances

$

3,882,810

$

3,483,876

Other

July 31,

2011

2010

2,256,613

1,442,922

$6,139,423

$4,926,798

In addition, Class A shares are eligible to receive dividends in 

excess of (and not less than) those paid to holders of Class B 

shares. Holders of Class B shares have the option to convert at any 

time, each share of Class B common stock into one share of Class 

A common stock. Upon sale or transfer, shares of Class B 

common stock will automatically convert into an equal number of 

shares of Class A common stock, except that sales or transfers of 

30

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31

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
   
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
 
 
 
    
    
 
    
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
 
    
 
 
    
    
 
 
 
 
The  aggregate  maturities  of  long-term  debt  and  capital  lease 

The significant components of deferred tax assets (liabilities) as 

obligations at July 31, 2011 are as follows:

of July 31 are as follows:

2011

2010

2009

Foreign tax credit

—

(346,469)

(188,199)

(33,383)

(156,705)

(51,663)

The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the years ended July 

$

(525,106)

$

—

$

(289,531)

Net deferred tax 

liabilities

$

$

—

—

$

(525,106)

$

—

$

(289,531)

31 was as follows:

2011

2010

2009

$  

3,014,130

$  1,381,857

$   (864,823)

The FASB ASC Topic Income Taxes clarifies the accounting for 

Fiscal Year 

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Thereafter

Amount

$1,689,920

369,273

65,994

13,124

—

—

$2,138,311

8. Income Taxes

Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision 

(benefit) for income taxes, noncontrolling interest and 

discontinued operations was as follows:

     Domestic

     Foreign

$  

7,212,154

$  

3,216,835

$ 

9,119,751

5,543,017

7,242,054

330,486

$12,755,171

$10,458,889

$ 9,450,237

Current:

     Federal

     State

     Foreign

Deferred:

     Federal

     State 

     Foreign

786,651

411,636

1,740,868

1,636,274

$  5,541,649

$  3,429,767

393,385

1,289,842

$ 818,404

$  (409,268)

$    262,326

$  2,072,947

(91,656)

(409,489)

77,151

132,978

33,019

(363,473)

$  (910,413)

$    472,455

$  1,742,493

$ 4,631,236

$ 3,902,222

$  2,560,897

A reconciliation of income tax expense (benefit) using the statutory 

U.S. income tax rate compared with actual income tax expense 

(benefit) for the years ended July 31 was as follows:

2011

2010

2009

U.S. federal statutory income tax rate

34.0%

34.0%

Re-evaluation of tax contingencies

—

—

Income from “pass-through” entities 

taxable to noncontrolling partners

International rate differences

Foreign dividend income

Domestic manufacturing deduction

State taxes, net of federal benefit

Other

Total

(2.3%)

(1.3%)

 (2.5%)

 (0.9%)

3.8%

(1.9%)

3.8%

1.4%

1.9%

(0.4%)

3.1%

0.9%

34.0%

(9.1%)

(2.8%)

(0.1%)

0.6%

(0.1%)

2.7%

1.6%

2011

2010

Current Noncurrent

Current Noncurrent

$3,561,551

$            —

$2,946,530

$            —

—

159,452

—

527,294

1,537,003

381,767

561,213

400,350

—

—

282,885

117,122

—

—

—

—

234,693

80,666

—

—

(267,371)

306,384

(79,098)

124,967

206,118

99,957

$4,949,368

$1,300,181

$3,557,156

$1,291,297

Contract and 

other reserves

Fixed assets and 

intangibles

Accrued 

compensation 

and expenses

Net operating 

loss 

carryforwards

Foreign and state 

income taxes

Federal benefit 

on state deferred 

taxes

Valuation 

Allowance

Other

assets

Other

Net deferred tax 

uncertainty in income taxes and reduces the diversity in current 

practice associated with the financial statement recognition and 

measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a 

tax return by defining a “more-likely-than-not” threshold regarding 

the sustainability of the position.  The first step involves assessing 

whether the tax position is more likely than not to be sustained 

upon examination based on the technical merits.  The second step 

involves measurement of the amount to recognize.  Tax positions 

that meet the more likely then not threshold are measured at the 

largest amount of tax benefit greater than 50% likely of being 

realized upon ultimate finalization with tax authorities.  

For fiscal years 2010 and 2011, there was no one item that 

significantly impacted the change in the deferred tax assets and 

liabilities.  A valuation allowance of approximately $346,000 has 

been established on excess foreign tax credit carryforwards, the 

utilization of which is dependent on future foreign source income.

The Company has not recorded income taxes applicable to 

undistributed earnings of all foreign subsidiaries that are 

indefinitely reinvested in those operations.  At July 31, 2011, 

these amounts totaling approximately $5.8 million related 

primarily to operations in Saudi Arabia, Chile, Peru and 

Ecuador. The Company files numerous consolidated and 

separate income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and 

in many state and foreign jurisdictions.  In fiscal year 2010, the 

changes.  In fiscal year 2011, the IRS completed the audit for 

fiscal year 2009 with no proposed changes.  The Company’s 

tax matters for the fiscal years 2010 and 2011 remain subject 

to examination by the IRS. On September 9, 2011, the 

36.3%

37.3%

27.0%

IRS completed the audit for fiscal year 2008 with no proposed 

Company was notified by New York State of a pending income 
tax audit for fiscal years 2008 through 2010.  The Company’s 
tax matters in other material jurisdictions remain subject to 
examination by the respective state, local, and foreign tax 
jurisdiction authorities. No waivers have been executed that 
would extend the period subject to examination beyond the 
period prescribed by statute.

As of July 31, 2011, for federal income tax return purposes, 
the Company has used all of their U.S. net operating loss 
carryforwards.  The remaining net operating losses pertain to 
losses in Brazil.

For fiscal year ended July 31, 2011, E&E recognized interest 
and penalties expense of approximately $44,000.  For the 
twelve months ended July 31, 2009, E&E recognized a foreign 
exchange gain of $275,000 related to the settlement of an 
unrecognized tax benefit UTPs) for Kuwait.

It is reasonably possible that the liability associated with our 
unrecognized tax benefits will increase or decrease within the next 
twelve months.  At this time, an estimate of the range of the 
reasonably possible outcomes cannot be made.

At July 31, 2011 and July 31, 2010, the Company had 
approximately $531,000 and $241,000, respectively, of gross 
unrecognized tax benefits (UTPs) that if realized, would favorably 
affect the effective income tax rate in future periods.  It is 
reasonably possible that the liability associated with UTPs will 
increase or decrease within the next twelve months.  At this time, 
an estimate of the range of the reasonably possible outcomes 
cannot be made.  At July 31, 2011 and 2010, the liability for 
UTPs and associated interest and penalties are classified as 
noncurrent liabilities, except for $237,000 in fiscal year 2011, 
which relates to income taxes for calendar year 2010 in Kuwait 
and is expected to be settled within the next twelve months.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of UTPs as of 
July 31 is as follows:

2011

2010

Beginning balance
Additions for tax positions during 
the current year
Additions for tax positions of prior 
years
Reductions for tax positions of prior 
years for:

- Changes in judgment
- Settlements during the period
- Changes in non-controlling 

interests

- Lapses of the applicable 

statute of limitations

$240,900

$290,495

280,700

40,300

—
(31,400)

—

—

—

—

(4,627)
 —

19,530

(64,498)

Ending balance  

 $530,500

$240,900

9. Other Accrued Liabilities

July 31,

General cost disallowances
Other

2011

2010

$

3,882,810

$

3,483,876

2,256,613

1,442,922

$6,139,423

$4,926,798

Included in other accrued liabilities are general cost 
disallowances relating to potential cost disallowances on 
amounts billed and collected in current and prior years' projects 
of approximately $3.9 million and $3.5 million at July 31, 
2011 and July 31, 2010, respectively.  The allowance for 
contract adjustments is recorded for contract disputes and 
government audits when the amounts are estimatible.

10. Stock Award Plan
Ecology and Environment, Inc. has adopted a 1998 Stock Award 
Plan effective March 16, 1998 (1998 Plan).  To supplement the 
1998 Plan, a 2003 Stock Award Plan (2003 Plan) was approved 
by the shareholders at the Annual Meeting held in January 2004 
and a 2007 Stock Award Plan (2007 Plan) was approved by the 
shareholders at the Annual Meeting held in January of 2008 (the 
1998 Plan, 2003 Plan and the 2007 Plan collectively referred to 
as the Award Plan).  The 2003 Plan was approved retroactive to 
October 16, 2003 and terminated on October 15, 2008 and the 
2007 Plan was approved retroactive to October 18, 2007 and 
will terminate October 17, 2012.  Under the Award Plan key 
employees (including officers) of the Company or any of its present 
or future subsidiaries may be designated to received awards of 
Class A Common stock of the Company as a bonus for services 
rendered to the Company or its subsidiaries, without payment 
therefore, based upon the fair market value of the Company stock 
at the time of the award. The Award Plan authorizes the 
Company's board of directors to determine for what period of time 
and under what circumstances awards can be forfeited.

The Company awarded 55,041 shares valued at approximately 
$.7 million in October 2010 pursuant to the Award Plan. These 
awards issued have a three year vesting period. The "pool" of 
excess tax benefits accumulated in Capital in Excess of Par 
Value was $225,000 at July 31, 2011 and July 31, 2010.   
Total gross compensation expense is recognized over the 
vesting period. 

Unrecognized compensation expense was approximately $.7 
million and $.6 million at July 31, 2011 and July 31, 2010, 
respectively.

11. Shareholders' Equity
a. Class A and Class B common stock
The relative rights, preferences and limitations of the Company's 
Class A and Class B common stock can be summarized as 
follows: Holders of Class A shares are entitled to elect 25% of the 
Board of Directors so long as the number of outstanding Class A 
shares is at least 10% of the combined total number of outstanding 
Class A and Class B common shares. Holders of Class A common 
shares have one-tenth the voting power of Class B common shares 
with respect to most other matters.

In addition, Class A shares are eligible to receive dividends in 
excess of (and not less than) those paid to holders of Class B 
shares. Holders of Class B shares have the option to convert at any 
time, each share of Class B common stock into one share of Class 
A common stock. Upon sale or transfer, shares of Class B 
common stock will automatically convert into an equal number of 
shares of Class A common stock, except that sales or transfers of 

30

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Global Environmental Specialists

31

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
   
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
 
 
 
    
    
 
    
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
 
    
 
 
    
    
 
 
 
 
Class B common stock to an existing holder of Class B common 
stock or to an immediate family member will not cause such shares 
to automatically convert into Class A common stock.

b. Cash Dividend
For fiscal year 2011 and 2010, the Company declared cash 
dividends of approximately $2.0 million and $1.7 million, 
respectively.  Within accounts payable, the Company recorded 
outstanding dividend payables at July 31, 2011 and 2010 of 
approximately $1.0 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

c. Stock Repurchase
The Company’s Board of Directors approved a 200,000 share 
repurchase program in August 2010 in which 115,998 shares 
remain available for repurchase.

d. Noncontrolling Interest
On August 1, 2009, the Company adopted authoritative 
accounting guidance that requires the ownership interests in 
subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent, and income 
attributable to those parties, be clearly identified and distinguished 
in the parent’s consolidated financial statements. The Company’s 
noncontrolling interest is now disclosed as a separate component 
of the Company’s consolidated equity on the balance sheets. 
Earnings and other comprehensive income are separately attributed 
to both the controlling and noncontrolling interests.  Earnings per 
share is calculated based on net income attributable to the 
Company’s controlling interest.

On June 6, 2011, the Company purchased an additional 1.1% of 
Walsh from noncontrolling shareholders for approximately 
$219,000.  Two thirds of the purchase price was paid in cash 
while the remaining one third was paid for with E & E stock.  On 
March 18, 2011 the Company purchased an additional equity of 
5.5% of its majority owned subsidiary, Walsh Environmental 
Scientists & Engineers, LLC (Walsh), from noncontrolling 
shareholders for approximately $1,156,000.  The terms of the sale 
are the same as the purchase in fiscal year 2010, where the 
company paid one third in cash, one third in a two-year note, and 
issued E & E stock for the remaining one third of the sale price.  
On December 27, 2010, the Company purchased an additional 
1.2% of Walsh from noncontrolling shareholders for approximately 
$257,000.  Two thirds of the purchase price was paid in cash 
while the remaining one third was paid for with E & E stock.  On 
August 23, 2010, for approximately $1.1 million, the Company 
purchased assets and assumed liabilities from Engineering 
Consulting Services, Inc. and contributed them in exchange for a 
60% ownership interest in the newly formed entity Engineering 
Consulting Services, Inc., LLC (ECSI).  As part of this transaction, 
the noncontrolling interest contributed the remaining 40% of the net 
assets which resulted in a $667,000 noncontrolling interest in ECSI.

On March 1, 2010, Walsh purchased an 80% ownership interest 
in Lowham - Walsh Environmental Services LLC.  This transaction 
was an asset purchase of the former Lowham Engineering LLC in 
Wyoming.  Walsh contributed cash and assets into the newly 
formed entity and issued a five year promissory note bearing a six 
percent annualized interest rate for the assets of the former 
company.  On January 28, 2010 the Company purchased an 
additional equity interest of 18.7% or approximately $2,360,000 of 

Walsh from noncontrolling shareholders for $3,000,000. One third 
of the purchase price was paid in cash, one third was paid with the 
Company's stock, and the remainder was taken as loans carrying 
an interest rate of 5% to be repaid over a two year period.  The 
purchase price that was paid to the noncontrolling shareholders 
was at a premium over the book value of the stock. 

All other transactions with noncontrolling shareholders for fiscal 
years ended July 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009 were made at book 
value, which management believes approximates book value.

Effects of changes in E&E’s ownership interest in its subsidiaries 
on E&E’s equity:

Fiscal Year
2010

2009

Transfers to 
noncontrolling interest:
Sale of 310 Walsh 
common shares
Sale of 20 Walsh 
common shares
Sale of 160 Walsh 
common shares
Sale of 196 Walsh 
common shares
Sale of 200 Lowham – 
Walsh common shares
Sale of 15,000 Walsh Peru 
common shares
Sale of 900 Gustavson 
common shares
Issuance of 667 ECSI 
common shares
Sale of 75 Lowham – 
Walsh common shares
Total transfers to 
noncontrolling interest

Transfers from 
noncontrolling interest:
Purchase of 112 Walsh 
common shares
Purchase of 2 Walsh Peru 
common shares
Purchase of 182 Walsh 
common shares
Purchase of 7,343 Walsh 
common shares
Purchase of 11,000 Walsh 
Peru common shares
Purchase of 50 Gestion 
Ambiental Consultores 
common shares
Purchase of 20 Walsh 
common shares
Purchase of 496 Walsh 
common shares 
Purchase of 2,205 Walsh 
common shares
Purchase of 243 Walsh 
common shares
Purchase of 426 Walsh 
common shares
Purchase of 100 Walsh 
common shares
Total transfers from 
noncontrolling interset
Transfers to (from) 
noncontrolling interest

2011

—

—

—

—

—

—

62,451

667,000

27,917

—

—

$      64,920

4,188

 40,850

50,040

52,222

84,450

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

757,368

227,562

69,108

—

—

—

—

—

—

(7,776)

(208,156)

(974,750)

(101,905)

(197,945)

(41,091)

—

—

(27,332)

(547)

(59,486)

(2,289,778)

(126,830)

(50,000)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(1,531,623)

(2,526,094)

(27,879)

(774,255)

(2,298,532)

41,229

           $ 3,070,440

unlikely that the Company will pay a dividend on Class A 

The Company rents certain office facilities and equipment 

1.19

.60

.88

under non-cancelable operating leases. The Company also 

Total earnings per share

$          1.65

$          1.02

$          1.27

12. Shareholders' Equity - 

      Restrictive Agreement

Messrs. Gerhard J. Neumaier, Frank B. Silvestro, Ronald L. Frank 

and Gerald A. Strobel entered into a Stockholders' Agreement in 

1970 which governs the sale of certain shares of common stock 

owned by them, the former spouse of one of the individuals and 

some of their children. The agreement provides that prior to 

accepting a bona fide offer to purchase the certain covered part of 

their shares, each party must first allow the other members to the 

agreement the opportunity to acquire on a pro rata basis, with 

right of over-allotment, all of such shares covered by the offer on 

the same terms and conditions proposed by the offer.

13. Lease Commitments

rents certain facilities for servicing project sites over the term of 

the related long-term government contracts.

At July 31, 2011, future minimum rental commitments are as 

follows:

Fiscal Year 

Amount

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Thereafter

2,554,872

1,904,588

1,139,169

632,339

806,017

Lease agreements may contain step rent provisions and/or free rent 

concessions.     Lease payments based on a price index have rent 

expense recognized on a straight line or substantially equivalent basis, 

and they are included in the calculation of minimum lease payments. 

Gross rental expense under the above lease commitments for 2011, 

2010, and 2009 was approximately $3.6 million, $3.2 million and 

$3.0 million, respectively.

Contributions to the Parent Company’s defined contribution 

plan and supplemental retirement plan are discretionary and 

determined annually by the Board of Directors. Walsh’s defined 

contribution plan provides for mandatory employer 

contributions to match 100% of employee contributions up to 

4% of each participant’s compensation.  The total expense 

under the plans for fiscal years 2011, 2010, and 2009 was 

approximately $2.2 million, $2.0 million, and $1.8 million, 

respectively.

15. Earnings Per Share

The computation of basic earnings per share reconciled to 

diluted earnings per share follows:

Fiscal Year

2011

2010

2009

Total income available to 

common stockholders

$ 6,960,263

$ 4,257,607

$ 5,221,274

Dividend paid

1,963,303

1,747,572

1,594,653

Undistributed earnings

$ 4,996,960

$ 2,510,035

$ 3,626,621

Weighted-average 

common shares 

outstanding: basic and 

diluted

share

Distributed earnings per 

Undistributed earnings 

per share

 4,222,688

 4,160,816

 4,115,921

$            .46

$            .42

$            .39

After consideration of all the rights and privileges of the Class A 

and Class B stockholders discussed in Note 8, in particular the 

right of the holders of the Class B common stock to elect no 

less than 75% of the Board of Directors making it highly 

common stock in excess of Class B common stock, the 

Company allocates undistributed earnings between the classes 

on a one-to-one basis when computing earnings per share. As 

a result, basic and fully diluted earnings per Class A and Class 

B share are equal amounts.

Effective August 1, 2009, the Company has determined that its 

unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-

forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether 

paid or unpaid) are participating securities. These securities 

shall be included in the computation of earnings per share 

pursuant to the two-class method. The resulting impact was to 

include unvested restricted shares in the basic weighted 

average shares outstanding calculation.

16. Segment Reporting

follows:

Geographic information:

United States

Foreign countries

Revenue

Gross

Long-Lived

Assets

$115,041,000

$27,871,726

 54,132,000

5,062,000 

Revenue is attributed to countries based on the location of the 

customers.  Revenues in the most significant foreign countries 

include $9.1 million in Kuwait, $15.9 million in Peru, $11.8 

million in Brazil, $8.3 million in Chile and $4.4 million in 

Morocco.

14. Defined Contribution Plans

Segment information for fiscal year ended July 31, 2011 are as 

32

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Global Environmental Specialists

33

  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
Class B common stock to an existing holder of Class B common 

Walsh from noncontrolling shareholders for $3,000,000. One third 

stock or to an immediate family member will not cause such shares 

of the purchase price was paid in cash, one third was paid with the 

to automatically convert into Class A common stock.

b. Cash Dividend

For fiscal year 2011 and 2010, the Company declared cash 

dividends of approximately $2.0 million and $1.7 million, 

respectively.  Within accounts payable, the Company recorded 

outstanding dividend payables at July 31, 2011 and 2010 of 

approximately $1.0 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

c. Stock Repurchase

The Company’s Board of Directors approved a 200,000 share 

repurchase program in August 2010 in which 115,998 shares 

remain available for repurchase.

d. Noncontrolling Interest

On August 1, 2009, the Company adopted authoritative 

accounting guidance that requires the ownership interests in 

subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent, and income 

attributable to those parties, be clearly identified and distinguished 

in the parent’s consolidated financial statements. The Company’s 

noncontrolling interest is now disclosed as a separate component 

of the Company’s consolidated equity on the balance sheets. 

Earnings and other comprehensive income are separately attributed 

to both the controlling and noncontrolling interests.  Earnings per 

share is calculated based on net income attributable to the 

Company’s controlling interest.

On June 6, 2011, the Company purchased an additional 1.1% of 

Walsh from noncontrolling shareholders for approximately 

$219,000.  Two thirds of the purchase price was paid in cash 

while the remaining one third was paid for with E & E stock.  On 

March 18, 2011 the Company purchased an additional equity of 

5.5% of its majority owned subsidiary, Walsh Environmental 

Scientists & Engineers, LLC (Walsh), from noncontrolling 

shareholders for approximately $1,156,000.  The terms of the sale 

are the same as the purchase in fiscal year 2010, where the 

company paid one third in cash, one third in a two-year note, and 

issued E & E stock for the remaining one third of the sale price.  

On December 27, 2010, the Company purchased an additional 

1.2% of Walsh from noncontrolling shareholders for approximately 

$257,000.  Two thirds of the purchase price was paid in cash 

while the remaining one third was paid for with E & E stock.  On 

August 23, 2010, for approximately $1.1 million, the Company 

purchased assets and assumed liabilities from Engineering 

Consulting Services, Inc. and contributed them in exchange for a 

60% ownership interest in the newly formed entity Engineering 

Consulting Services, Inc., LLC (ECSI).  As part of this transaction, 

the noncontrolling interest contributed the remaining 40% of the net 

assets which resulted in a $667,000 noncontrolling interest in ECSI.

On March 1, 2010, Walsh purchased an 80% ownership interest 

in Lowham - Walsh Environmental Services LLC.  This transaction 

was an asset purchase of the former Lowham Engineering LLC in 

Wyoming.  Walsh contributed cash and assets into the newly 

formed entity and issued a five year promissory note bearing a six 

percent annualized interest rate for the assets of the former 

company.  On January 28, 2010 the Company purchased an 

additional equity interest of 18.7% or approximately $2,360,000 of 

Company's stock, and the remainder was taken as loans carrying 

an interest rate of 5% to be repaid over a two year period.  The 

purchase price that was paid to the noncontrolling shareholders 

was at a premium over the book value of the stock. 

All other transactions with noncontrolling shareholders for fiscal 

years ended July 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009 were made at book 

value, which management believes approximates book value.

Effects of changes in E&E’s ownership interest in its subsidiaries 

2011

Fiscal Year

2010

2009

on E&E’s equity:

Transfers to 

noncontrolling interest:

Sale of 310 Walsh 

common shares

Sale of 20 Walsh 

common shares

Sale of 160 Walsh 

common shares

Sale of 196 Walsh 

common shares

Sale of 200 Lowham – 

Walsh common shares

Sale of 15,000 Walsh Peru 

common shares

Sale of 900 Gustavson 

common shares

Issuance of 667 ECSI 

common shares

Sale of 75 Lowham – 

Walsh common shares

Total transfers to 

noncontrolling interest

Transfers from 

noncontrolling interest:

Purchase of 112 Walsh 

common shares

Purchase of 2 Walsh Peru 

common shares

Purchase of 182 Walsh 

common shares

Purchase of 7,343 Walsh 

common shares

Purchase of 11,000 Walsh 

Peru common shares

Purchase of 50 Gestion 

Ambiental Consultores 

common shares

Purchase of 20 Walsh 

common shares

Purchase of 496 Walsh 

common shares 

Purchase of 2,205 Walsh 

common shares

Purchase of 243 Walsh 

common shares

Purchase of 426 Walsh 

common shares

Purchase of 100 Walsh 

common shares

Total transfers from 

noncontrolling interset

Transfers to (from) 

noncontrolling interest

62,451

667,000

27,917

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(7,776)

(208,156)

(974,750)

(101,905)

(197,945)

(41,091)

—

—

$      64,920

4,188

 40,850

50,040

52,222

84,450

757,368

227,562

69,108

(27,332)

(547)

(59,486)

(2,289,778)

(126,830)

(50,000)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(1,531,623)

(2,526,094)

(27,879)

(774,255)

(2,298,532)

41,229

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

12. Shareholders' Equity - 
      Restrictive Agreement
Messrs. Gerhard J. Neumaier, Frank B. Silvestro, Ronald L. Frank 
and Gerald A. Strobel entered into a Stockholders' Agreement in 
1970 which governs the sale of certain shares of common stock 
owned by them, the former spouse of one of the individuals and 
some of their children. The agreement provides that prior to 
accepting a bona fide offer to purchase the certain covered part of 
their shares, each party must first allow the other members to the 
agreement the opportunity to acquire on a pro rata basis, with 
right of over-allotment, all of such shares covered by the offer on 
the same terms and conditions proposed by the offer.

13. Lease Commitments
The Company rents certain office facilities and equipment 
under non-cancelable operating leases. The Company also 
rents certain facilities for servicing project sites over the term of 
the related long-term government contracts.

At July 31, 2011, future minimum rental commitments are as 
follows:

Fiscal Year 

Amount

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Thereafter

           $ 3,070,440

2,554,872

1,904,588

1,139,169

632,339

806,017

Lease agreements may contain step rent provisions and/or free rent 
concessions.     Lease payments based on a price index have rent 
expense recognized on a straight line or substantially equivalent basis, 
and they are included in the calculation of minimum lease payments. 
Gross rental expense under the above lease commitments for 2011, 
2010, and 2009 was approximately $3.6 million, $3.2 million and 
$3.0 million, respectively.

14. Defined Contribution Plans
Contributions to the Parent Company’s defined contribution 
plan and supplemental retirement plan are discretionary and 
determined annually by the Board of Directors. Walsh’s defined 
contribution plan provides for mandatory employer 
contributions to match 100% of employee contributions up to 
4% of each participant’s compensation.  The total expense 
under the plans for fiscal years 2011, 2010, and 2009 was 
approximately $2.2 million, $2.0 million, and $1.8 million, 
respectively.

15. Earnings Per Share
The computation of basic earnings per share reconciled to 
diluted earnings per share follows:

Total income available to 
common stockholders
Dividend paid
Undistributed earnings
Weighted-average 
common shares 
outstanding: basic and 
diluted
Distributed earnings per 
share
Undistributed earnings 
per share
Total earnings per share

Fiscal Year

2011

2010

2009

$ 6,960,263
1,963,303
$ 4,996,960

$ 4,257,607
1,747,572
$ 2,510,035

$ 5,221,274
1,594,653
$ 3,626,621

 4,222,688

 4,160,816

 4,115,921

$            .46

$            .42

$            .39

1.19

.60

.88

$          1.65

$          1.02

$          1.27

After consideration of all the rights and privileges of the Class A 
and Class B stockholders discussed in Note 8, in particular the 
right of the holders of the Class B common stock to elect no 
less than 75% of the Board of Directors making it highly 
unlikely that the Company will pay a dividend on Class A 
common stock in excess of Class B common stock, the 
Company allocates undistributed earnings between the classes 
on a one-to-one basis when computing earnings per share. As 
a result, basic and fully diluted earnings per Class A and Class 
B share are equal amounts.

Effective August 1, 2009, the Company has determined that its 
unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-
forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether 
paid or unpaid) are participating securities. These securities 
shall be included in the computation of earnings per share 
pursuant to the two-class method. The resulting impact was to 
include unvested restricted shares in the basic weighted 
average shares outstanding calculation.

16. Segment Reporting
Segment information for fiscal year ended July 31, 2011 are as 
follows:

Geographic information:

United States

Foreign countries

Revenue

Gross
Long-Lived
Assets

$115,041,000

$27,871,726

 54,132,000

5,062,000 

Revenue is attributed to countries based on the location of the 
customers.  Revenues in the most significant foreign countries 
include $9.1 million in Kuwait, $15.9 million in Peru, $11.8 
million in Brazil, $8.3 million in Chile and $4.4 million in 
Morocco.

32

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Global Environmental Specialists

33

  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
    
 
Segment information for fiscal year ended July 31, 2010 are as 
follows:

Geographic information:

United States

Foreign countries

Revenue

Gross
Long-Lived
Assets

$101,105,000

$25,991,353

 42,993,000

3,714,000

Revenue is attributed to countries based on the location of the 
customers.  Revenues in the most significant foreign countries 
include $5.4 million in Kuwait, $19.2 million in Peru, $10.4 
million in Brazil and $3.8 million in Chile.

Segment information for fiscal year ended July 31, 2009 are 
as follows:

Geographic information:

United States

Foreign countries

Revenue

Gross
Long-Lived
Assets

$115,818,000

$24,830,747

 30,263,000

2,730,000

Revenue is attributed to countries based on the location of 
the customers.  Revenues in the most significant foreign 
countries include $16.4 million in Peru, $7.6 million in Brazil 
and $3.3 million in Chile.

17. Commitments and Contingencies
From  time  to  time,  the  Company  is  a  named  defendant  in  legal 
actions arising out of the normal course of business. The Company is 
not a party to any pending legal proceeding the resolution of which 
the  management  of  the  Company  believes  will  have  a  material 
adverse  effect  on  the  Company’s  results  of  operations,  financial 
condition, cash flows, or to any other pending legal proceedings other 
than  ordinary,  routine  litigation  incidental  to  its  business.  The 
Company maintains liability insurance against risks arising out of the 
normal course of business.
Certain contracts contain termination provisions under which 
the customer may, without penalty, terminate the contracts upon 
written notice to the Company. In the event of termination, the 
Company would be paid only termination costs in accordance 
with the particular contract. Generally, termination costs include 
unpaid costs incurred to date, earned fees and any additional 
costs directly allocable to the termination.

On February 4, 2011 the Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity 
Conservation of Brazil (the “Institute”) issued a Notice of 
Infraction to Ecology and Environment do Brasil LTDA (“E & E 
Brasil”).  E & E Brasil is a 51 percent majority-owned subsidiary 
of Ecology and Environment, Inc.  The Notice of Infraction 
concerns the taking and collecting species of wild animal 
specimens without authorization by the competent authority and 
imposes a fine of 520,000 Reals, which has a value of 
approximately $300,000 USD.  No claim has been made 
against Ecology and Environment, Inc.  The Institute has also 
filed Notices of Infraction against four employees of E & E Brasil 
alleging the same claims and has imposed fines against those 
individuals that, in the aggregate, are equal to the fine imposed 
against E & E Brasil.  E & E Brasil has filed administrative 

responses with the Institute for itself and its employees that: (a) 
denies the jurisdiction of the Institute, (b) states that the Notice 
of Infraction is constitutionally vague and (c) affirmatively stated 
that E & E Brasil had obtained the necessary permits for the 
surveys and collections of specimens under applicable Brazilian 
regulations and that the protected conservation area is not 
clearly marked to show its boundaries.  At this time, E & E Brasil 
has not received a reply from the Institute to its administrative 
responses.  The Company believes that these administrative 
proceedings in Brazil will not have an adverse material effect 
upon the operations of the Company.

18. Supplemental Cash Flow Information 
Disclosure
For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, the 
Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with 
a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.  Cash 
paid for interest amounted to approximately $343,000, 
$224,000 and $181,000 for the fiscal years ended July 31, 
2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.  Cash paid for income 
taxes amounted to approximately $5.6 million, $1.5 million 
and $2.2 million for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2011, 
2010 and 2009, respectively.  Of the $1.8 million in dividends 
paid by the Company in the fiscal year ended July 31, 2011, 
approximately $.9 million was accrued in accounts payable as 
of July 31, 2010.  Of the $1.7 million in dividends paid by the 
Company in the fiscal year ended July 31, 2010, approximately 
$.8 million was included in accounts payable as of July 31, 
2009. In July 2011, the Company declared a dividend of $1.0 
million which was accrued in accounts payable.

On March 18, 2011 the Company purchased an additional 
equity of 5.5% of its majority owned subsidiary Walsh from 
noncontrolling shareholders for approximately $1,156,000.  
The Company paid one third in cash, one third in a two-year 
note, and issued E & E stock for the remaining one third of the 
sale price.  On December 27, 2010, the Company purchased 
an additional 1.2% of its majority owned subsidiary Walsh for 
approximately $257,000.  Two thirds of this purchase price was 
paid in cash while the remaining one third was paid for with 
E&E stock.  On August 23, 2010, the Company purchased a 
60% ownership in the assets held by ECSI.  The Company paid 
$1.0 million in cash for this ownership interest, and the 
noncontrolling partnership group ECSI, Inc. contributed cash, 
other assets, and liabilities for its 40% ($667,000) 
noncontrolling share of the new entity.

19. Transactions
On August 23, 2010, the Company purchased a 60% ownership 
interest in a newly formed entity ECSI, LLC, a Lexington, Kentucky 
based engineering and environmental consulting services company 
that specializes in mining work.  The Company paid $1.0 million in 
cash for its 60% ownership interest, and the noncontrolling 
partnership group, ECSI, Inc., contributed cash, other assets, and 
liabilities for its 40% ownership share.  The operating agreement 
contains a priority profit allocation between the Company and 
ESCI, Inc. for the first five years of operation.  Additionally, in 
connection with the agreement, the Company has restricted for 

issuance $.1 million of shares to be awarded to a key employee 

comprehensive income to net income in the financial statement 

over a 5 year period, of which the first 20% vested on August 13, 

where the components of net income and the components of 

2010 and the second 20% on August 13, 2011. 

A noncontrolling interest of $667,000 representing the 40% 

noncontrolling share was recorded at the acquisition date.  This 

new entity is included in the consolidated financial results of the 

Company from the date of acquisition.  The Company acquired 

other comprehensive income are presented.  This updated 

guidance is effective on a retrospective basis for fiscal years 

beginning after December 15, 2011.  The Company is 

evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated 

financial statements. 

assets of property, plant, and equipment, accounts receivable, and 

In January 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board 

other assets including trade names and customer relationships and 

updated the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements 

goodwill and assumed liabilities of accounts payable and accrued 

with new disclosure requirements. These requirements include 

payroll.

On January 27, 2011 the company entered into an agreement 

with the Economic & Social Association of Retired Servicemen 

and Veterans to sell all of the assets of the Jordanian Fish Farm 

(AMARACO).  The sale price for the farm was 230,000 

Jordanian Dinars (~$322,000 USD) in cash, which was 

received in the third quarter.  The company has realized a gain 

of approximately $290,000 on the sale of the fish farm.

In addition to other immaterial transactions during the year, on 

March 18, 2011 the Company acquired another 5.5% of its 

majority owned subsidiary Walsh Environmental Scientists & 

Engineers, LLC.  The terms of the sale are the same as the 

purchase in fiscal year 2010, where the Company paid one 

third in cash, one third in a two year note, and issue E & E 

stock for the remaining one third of the sale price.  With this 

purchase, E&E’s ownership share in Walsh was increased to 

approximately 84% of that company.  The total purchase price 

was approximately $1,156,000.

20. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2011, the FASB issued guidance regarding the 

presentation of comprehensive income.  The new standard 

requires the presentation of comprehensive income, the 

components of net income and the components of other 

comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of 

comprehensive income, or in two separate but consecutive 

statements.  The new standard also requires presentation of 

adjustments for items that are reclassified from other 

disclosures on the roll-forward of activities on purchases, sales, 

issuance, and settlements of Level 3 (measurements based on 

significant unobservable inputs) assets and liabilities.  The new 

disclosures are effective for annual reporting periods beginning 

after December 15, 2010.  The Company does not believe the 

adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the 

Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations 

or cash flows.

In December 2010, the FASB updated the authoritative 

guidance for intangibles, including goodwill and other 

intangibles. The amendments modify Step 1 of the goodwill 

impairment test for reporting units with zero or negative 

carrying amounts. For those reporting units, an entity is 

required to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test if it 

is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. In 

determining whether it is more likely than not that a goodwill 

impairment exists, an entity should consider whether there are 

any adverse qualitative factors indicating that an impairment 

may exist. The qualitative factors are consistent with the existing 

guidance and examples, which require that goodwill of a 

reporting unit be tested for impairment between annual tests if 

an event occurs or circumstances change that would more 

likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below 

its carrying amount. The amendments are effective for fiscal 

years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after 

December 15, 2010. The Company does not believe the 

adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the 

Company’s consolidated financial position, results of 

operations or cash flows. 

21. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited) (In thousands, except per share information)

2011

Revenues

Net income

2010

Revenues

Net income

Income from operations

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

Net income per common share: basic and diluted  

Income from operations

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

Net income per common share: basic and diluted  

First

Second

Third

Fourth

$ 42,026 

$ 41,866 

$ 41,120 

$ 44,161 

First

Second

Third

Fourth

$ 39,447 

$ 30,786 

$ 33,168 

$ 40,697 

3,204 

3,238

1,758

.42

1,519 

1,349

 235

.06

$

$

$

$

2,199 

2,587

1,429

.34

1,847 

1,781

 747

.18

$

$

$

$

2,974 

2,989

1,906

.45

4,152 

4,153

1,876

.44

$

$

$

$

4,008 

3,941

1,859

.44

2,375 

3,176

1,400

.34

$

$

$

$

34

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Global Environmental Specialists

35

  
 
 
 
 
 
    
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
$101,105,000

$25,991,353

regulations and that the protected conservation area is not 

Segment information for fiscal year ended July 31, 2010 are as 

follows:

Geographic information:

United States

Foreign countries

Revenue

Gross

Long-Lived

Assets

 42,993,000

3,714,000

Revenue is attributed to countries based on the location of the 

customers.  Revenues in the most significant foreign countries 

include $5.4 million in Kuwait, $19.2 million in Peru, $10.4 

million in Brazil and $3.8 million in Chile.

Segment information for fiscal year ended July 31, 2009 are 

as follows:

Geographic information:

United States

Foreign countries

Revenue

Gross

Long-Lived

Assets

$115,818,000

$24,830,747

 30,263,000

2,730,000

Revenue is attributed to countries based on the location of 

the customers.  Revenues in the most significant foreign 

countries include $16.4 million in Peru, $7.6 million in Brazil 

and $3.3 million in Chile.

17. Commitments and Contingencies

From  time  to  time,  the  Company  is  a  named  defendant  in  legal 

actions arising out of the normal course of business. The Company is 

not a party to any pending legal proceeding the resolution of which 

the  management  of  the  Company  believes  will  have  a  material 

responses with the Institute for itself and its employees that: (a) 

denies the jurisdiction of the Institute, (b) states that the Notice 

of Infraction is constitutionally vague and (c) affirmatively stated 

that E & E Brasil had obtained the necessary permits for the 

surveys and collections of specimens under applicable Brazilian 

clearly marked to show its boundaries.  At this time, E & E Brasil 

has not received a reply from the Institute to its administrative 

responses.  The Company believes that these administrative 

proceedings in Brazil will not have an adverse material effect 

upon the operations of the Company.

18. Supplemental Cash Flow Information 

Disclosure

For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, the 

Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with 

a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.  Cash 

paid for interest amounted to approximately $343,000, 

$224,000 and $181,000 for the fiscal years ended July 31, 

2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.  Cash paid for income 

taxes amounted to approximately $5.6 million, $1.5 million 

and $2.2 million for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2011, 

2010 and 2009, respectively.  Of the $1.8 million in dividends 

paid by the Company in the fiscal year ended July 31, 2011, 

approximately $.9 million was accrued in accounts payable as 

of July 31, 2010.  Of the $1.7 million in dividends paid by the 

Company in the fiscal year ended July 31, 2010, approximately 

$.8 million was included in accounts payable as of July 31, 

2009. In July 2011, the Company declared a dividend of $1.0 

million which was accrued in accounts payable.

adverse  effect  on  the  Company’s  results  of  operations,  financial 

On March 18, 2011 the Company purchased an additional 

condition, cash flows, or to any other pending legal proceedings other 

equity of 5.5% of its majority owned subsidiary Walsh from 

than  ordinary,  routine  litigation  incidental  to  its  business.  The 

noncontrolling shareholders for approximately $1,156,000.  

Company maintains liability insurance against risks arising out of the 

The Company paid one third in cash, one third in a two-year 

normal course of business.

Certain contracts contain termination provisions under which 

the customer may, without penalty, terminate the contracts upon 

written notice to the Company. In the event of termination, the 

Company would be paid only termination costs in accordance 

with the particular contract. Generally, termination costs include 

unpaid costs incurred to date, earned fees and any additional 

costs directly allocable to the termination.

On February 4, 2011 the Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity 

Conservation of Brazil (the “Institute”) issued a Notice of 

Infraction to Ecology and Environment do Brasil LTDA (“E & E 

Brasil”).  E & E Brasil is a 51 percent majority-owned subsidiary 

of Ecology and Environment, Inc.  The Notice of Infraction 

concerns the taking and collecting species of wild animal 

specimens without authorization by the competent authority and 

imposes a fine of 520,000 Reals, which has a value of 

approximately $300,000 USD.  No claim has been made 

against Ecology and Environment, Inc.  The Institute has also 

filed Notices of Infraction against four employees of E & E Brasil 

alleging the same claims and has imposed fines against those 

individuals that, in the aggregate, are equal to the fine imposed 

against E & E Brasil.  E & E Brasil has filed administrative 

note, and issued E & E stock for the remaining one third of the 

sale price.  On December 27, 2010, the Company purchased 

an additional 1.2% of its majority owned subsidiary Walsh for 

approximately $257,000.  Two thirds of this purchase price was 

paid in cash while the remaining one third was paid for with 

E&E stock.  On August 23, 2010, the Company purchased a 

60% ownership in the assets held by ECSI.  The Company paid 

$1.0 million in cash for this ownership interest, and the 

noncontrolling partnership group ECSI, Inc. contributed cash, 

other assets, and liabilities for its 40% ($667,000) 

noncontrolling share of the new entity.

19. Transactions

On August 23, 2010, the Company purchased a 60% ownership 

interest in a newly formed entity ECSI, LLC, a Lexington, Kentucky 

based engineering and environmental consulting services company 

that specializes in mining work.  The Company paid $1.0 million in 

cash for its 60% ownership interest, and the noncontrolling 

partnership group, ECSI, Inc., contributed cash, other assets, and 

liabilities for its 40% ownership share.  The operating agreement 

contains a priority profit allocation between the Company and 

ESCI, Inc. for the first five years of operation.  Additionally, in 

connection with the agreement, the Company has restricted for 

issuance $.1 million of shares to be awarded to a key employee 
over a 5 year period, of which the first 20% vested on August 13, 
2010 and the second 20% on August 13, 2011. 

A noncontrolling interest of $667,000 representing the 40% 
noncontrolling share was recorded at the acquisition date.  This 
new entity is included in the consolidated financial results of the 
Company from the date of acquisition.  The Company acquired 
assets of property, plant, and equipment, accounts receivable, and 
other assets including trade names and customer relationships and 
goodwill and assumed liabilities of accounts payable and accrued 
payroll.

On January 27, 2011 the company entered into an agreement 
with the Economic & Social Association of Retired Servicemen 
and Veterans to sell all of the assets of the Jordanian Fish Farm 
(AMARACO).  The sale price for the farm was 230,000 
Jordanian Dinars (~$322,000 USD) in cash, which was 
received in the third quarter.  The company has realized a gain 
of approximately $290,000 on the sale of the fish farm.

In addition to other immaterial transactions during the year, on 
March 18, 2011 the Company acquired another 5.5% of its 
majority owned subsidiary Walsh Environmental Scientists & 
Engineers, LLC.  The terms of the sale are the same as the 
purchase in fiscal year 2010, where the Company paid one 
third in cash, one third in a two year note, and issue E & E 
stock for the remaining one third of the sale price.  With this 
purchase, E&E’s ownership share in Walsh was increased to 
approximately 84% of that company.  The total purchase price 
was approximately $1,156,000.

20. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2011, the FASB issued guidance regarding the 
presentation of comprehensive income.  The new standard 
requires the presentation of comprehensive income, the 
components of net income and the components of other 
comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of 
comprehensive income, or in two separate but consecutive 
statements.  The new standard also requires presentation of 
adjustments for items that are reclassified from other 

comprehensive income to net income in the financial statement 
where the components of net income and the components of 
other comprehensive income are presented.  This updated 
guidance is effective on a retrospective basis for fiscal years 
beginning after December 15, 2011.  The Company is 
evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated 
financial statements. 

In January 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board 
updated the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements 
with new disclosure requirements. These requirements include 
disclosures on the roll-forward of activities on purchases, sales, 
issuance, and settlements of Level 3 (measurements based on 
significant unobservable inputs) assets and liabilities.  The new 
disclosures are effective for annual reporting periods beginning 
after December 15, 2010.  The Company does not believe the 
adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the 
Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations 
or cash flows.

In December 2010, the FASB updated the authoritative 
guidance for intangibles, including goodwill and other 
intangibles. The amendments modify Step 1 of the goodwill 
impairment test for reporting units with zero or negative 
carrying amounts. For those reporting units, an entity is 
required to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test if it 
is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. In 
determining whether it is more likely than not that a goodwill 
impairment exists, an entity should consider whether there are 
any adverse qualitative factors indicating that an impairment 
may exist. The qualitative factors are consistent with the existing 
guidance and examples, which require that goodwill of a 
reporting unit be tested for impairment between annual tests if 
an event occurs or circumstances change that would more 
likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below 
its carrying amount. The amendments are effective for fiscal 
years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after 
December 15, 2010. The Company does not believe the 
adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the 
Company’s consolidated financial position, results of 
operations or cash flows. 

21. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited) (In thousands, except per share information)

2011

Revenues

Income from operations

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

Net income

Net income per common share: basic and diluted  

First

Second

Third

Fourth

$ 42,026 
4,008 
3,941

$
$

1,859

.44

$ 41,866 
3,204 
3,238

$
$

1,758

.42

$ 41,120 
2,199 
2,587

$
$

1,429

.34

$ 44,161 
2,974 
2,989

$
$

1,906

.45

2010

Revenues

Income from operations

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

Net income

Net income per common share: basic and diluted  

First

Second

Third

Fourth

$ 39,447 
2,375 
3,176

$
$

1,400

.34

$ 30,786 
1,519 
1,349
 235

$
$

.06

$ 33,168 
1,847 
1,781
 747

$
$

.18

$ 40,697 
4,152 
4,153

$
$

1,876

.44

34

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Global Environmental Specialists

35

  
 
 
 
 
 
    
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
Market for E & E’s Common Equity and
Related Stockholder Matters

The Company’s Class A Common Stock was traded on the AMEX prior to September 8, 2008. Beginning on September 8,
2008, the Company’s Class A Common Stock has been listed on NASDAQ. There is no separate market for the Company’s
Class B Common Stock. The following table represents the range of high and low prices of the Company’s Class A Common
Stock as reported by NASDAQ for the periods indicated.

FISCAL 2011

First Quarter (commencing August 1, 20

10

10
- October 3 , 20 )

0

Second Quarter (commencing October 31, 2010 - January 29, 2011)

Third Quarter (commencing January 3 , 201 - April 30, 2011)

0

1

Fourth Quarter (commencing May 1, 2011 - July 31, 2011)

FISCAL 2010

High

$ 1

3.50

15.33

20.69

22.76

High

Low

$ 1

1.40

12.44

14.70

16.42

Low

First Quarter (commencing August 1, 2009 - October 31, 2009)

$ 17.00

$ 14.69

Second Quarter (commencing November 1, 2009 - January 30, 2010)

Third Quarter (commencing January 31, 2010 - May 1, 2010)

Fourth Quarter (commencing May 2, 2010 - July 31, 2010)

16.23

15.30

13.61

14.07

13.15

11.91

As of September 30, 2011, the number of holders of record of the Company’s Common Stock was 434. The Company
estimates that it has a significantly greater number of Class A Common Stock shareholders because a substantial number of
the Company’s shares are held in street name.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Gerhard J. Neumaier

Chairman and Director

Frank B. Silvestro

Executive Vice President and Director

Gerald A. Strobel, P.E.

Executive Vice President of Technical
Services and Director

Ronald L. Frank

Executive Vice President, Secretary,
and Director

Gerard A. Gallagher, Jr., Retired
Company Officer and Director
Michael C. Gross, Insurance Broker

and Director

Ross M. Cellino, Attorney and

Director

Timothy Butler, Retired Bank Executive

and Director

CORPORATE OFFICERS
Gerhard J. Neumaier

Chairman

Kevin S. Neumaier, P.E.

President and Chief Executive Officer

Frank B. Silvestro

Executive Vice President

Gerald A. Strobel, P.E.

Executive Vice President of Technical
Services

Ronald L. Frank

Executive Vice President,
Secretary

Laurence M. Brickman, Ph.D.

Senior Vice President

Kevin Donovan

Senior Vice President
Gerard A. Gallagher, III
Senior Vice President of
Environmental Sustainability

Roger J. Gray

Senior Vice President

Fred J. McKosky, P.E.

Senior Vice President

Ronald J. Skare

Senior Vice President
Cheryl A. Karpowicz, AICP
Senior Vice President

Nancy Aungst

Vice President
James B. Collins
Vice President

Timothy J. Grady, P.E.

Vice President

Robert J. King

Vice President

Craig Hathaway, C.P.A.

Vice President of Finance

H. John Mye, P.E.

Vice President, Treasurer
and Chief Financial Officer

Christopher L. Quina, P.G.

Vice President

Richard Rudy, P.G., C.P.G.

Vice President

George A. Rusk, J.D.

Vice President

Carmine A. Tronolone

Vice President
George W. Welsh
Vice President

Colleen C. Mullaney-Westfall, J.D.

Assistant Secretary

CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS
Buffalo Corporate Center
368 Pleasant View Drive
Lancaster, NY 14086-1397
TEL: 1 (716) 684-8060
FAX: 1 (716) 684-0844
E-MAIL: jmye@ene.com
WEB: www.ene.com

STOCK TRANSFER AGENT
American Stock Transfer & Trust Co.
40 Wall Street
New York, NY 10005
TEL: 1 (212) 936-5100

EXCHANGE LISTING
NASDAQ Global Market
Ticker Symbol: EEI

®

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR
Schneider Downs & Co., Inc.
1133 Penn Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15222

LEGAL COUNSEL
Gross, Shuman, Brizdle & Gilfillan, P.C.
465 Main Street, Suite 600
Buffalo, New York 14203

FORM 10-K
E & E’s Annual Report including financial statements is for
the general information of the Company’s shareholders. It is
not intended to be used in connection with any sale or
purchase of securities. Shareholders may obtain from the
Company without charge a copy of its Annual Report on
Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission, including financial schedules, by sending a
written request to:
Mr. H. John Mye, Chief Financial Officer
Ecology and Environment, Inc.
368 Pleasant View Drive
Lancaster, NY 14086-1397

SUBSIDIARIES
Consortium of International Consultants, LLC
E & E Environmental Services, LLC (Russia)
E & E International, LLC (Russia)
E & E Umwelt-Beratung, GmbH (Germany)
E & E Consulting Inc. (Vancouver)
Ecology & Environment Engineering, Inc.
Ecology and Environment, Inc. Sucursal Colombia
(Hidromecanicas, Ltda)
Ecology and Environment, Inc. c/o M. Shalit (Israel)
Ecology and Environment, Inc. (Libya)
Ecology and Environment of Saudi Arabia Co., Ltd.
(Saudi Arabia)
Ecology and Environment Mexico S.A. de C.V. (Mexico)
Ecology and Environment do Brasil, Ltda. (Brazil)
Ecology and Environment International Services, Inc.
Ecology and Environment South America, Inc.
(Grand Cayman)
ECSI, LLC
Gestion Ambiental Consultores (Chile)
Gustavson Associates, LLC
Lowham Walsh Engineering and Environment Services, LLC
Servicios Ambientales Walsh S.A. (Ecuador)
Tianjin Green Engineering Company (China) (joint venture)
Walsh Environmental Scientists & Engineers, LLC
Walsh Peru, S.A. (Peru)
YiYi Ecology and Environment Consulting (Wuxi) Co., Ltd.
Overstreet Orlando Mitigation Team, LLC

Albany, NY
Anchorage, AK
Austin, TX
Baton Rouge, LA
Beijing, China*
Berlin, Germany
Blacksburg, VA
Bogotá, Colombia
Boulder, CO*
Buenos Aires, Argentina

Buffalo, NY
Cairo, Egypt
Casablanca, Morocco
Chicago, IL
Colorado Springs, CO
Corbin, KY
Dallas, TX
Denver, CO
Fort Collins, CO
Gillette, WY

OFFICES

Grand Junction, CO
Greenville, SC
Houston, TX
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Kansas City, KS
Kuwait City, Kuwait
Lakewood, CO*
Lander, WY
Lexington, KY
Lima, Peru

Long Beach, CA
Miami, FL
New York, NY
Oakland, CA
Orlando, FL
Owensboro, KY
Pensacola, FL
Pikeville, KY
Pittsburgh, PA
Portland, OR

Quito, Ecuador
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Salt Lake City, UT
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
Santiago, Chile
Seattle, WA
Tallahassee, FL
Tripoli, Libya
Tucson, AZ

Vancouver, Canada
Virginia Beach, VA
Washington, DC
West Palm Beach, FL
Williamson, WV
Wuxi, China

*Multiple Offices

Global

Environment

al Specialists

WWW.ENE.COM