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Ecology and Environment, Inc.

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FY2014 Annual Report · Ecology and Environment, Inc.
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A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 1 4

Chairman’s Observations
This past year was a year of transition for Ecology and Environment, Inc. (E & E), 
during which we set a course for growth and profitability. Management and staff 
met the transition challenge with energy and fortitude; operations were streamlined, 
and costs were reduced. Hence, despite absorbing several millions of dollars of 
non-recurring transition costs, the bottom line loss compared to fiscal year 2013 was 
reduced substantially and the benefits will also accrue in the coming year. 

Management set ambitious goals for fiscal year 2014. While not all were fully 
achieved, many important goals were realized and E & E has positive momentum 
going into fiscal year 2015. Management will continue to focus on organizational 
efficiency and client service. E & E’s improving situation, its capability and 
reputation, and a growing market points to growth opportunity.

Frank B. Silvestro 
Chairman of the Board

ii

The Board of Directors is also transitioning. The number of board seats was reduced 
to seven with the resignation without replacement of one of the four founders. 
Sadly, the death of another director, Tim Butler, necessitated another change.  
Mr. Michael Betrus was subsequently appointed director and now chairs the Audit 
Committee.

Given reduced costs and a brightening market, I look for positive results in fiscal 
year 2015. E & E is well positioned to provide services in the growing western 
hemisphere marketplace. But if E & E is to realize its full potential for revenue 
growth and profitability, resources and a revised strategy may be required. There are 
several doable paths that are open to E & E. As Chairman, my priority is improving 
shareholder value. I am working with the Board to define and evaluate strategic 
paths to take this company forward.

1

CEO and President Reflections  
on Fiscal Year 2014
In the first quarter of fiscal year 2014, E & E began a process of unprecedented 
actions for instituting leadership changes in the firm as well as retooling the 
organization for achieving sound financial performance, stability, and growth. 
Our commitment to change, and the actions that would affect transformation, 
were sustained through the year and continue today. We’re proud of what we’ve 
accomplished and are excited about our future.

We have refreshed our vision as a company, and have reaffirmed our commitment 
to support clients in making a better and safer world, and in bringing value to 
the communities in which we work, serve, and live. E & E will continue to strive 
to a higher level of consulting, and provide honorable employment to dedicated 
professionals.

We are identifying and making inroads to new markets and services. The markets 
we work in are inherently dynamic. Our extensive experience and wide presence 
gives us the insight to understand developing markets, anticipate client needs, and 
move forward in new areas. In fiscal year 2014, we advanced strategic efforts on 
emerging issues surrounding water scarcity and resiliency planning. Those strategic 
efforts will continue and expand in the current fiscal year. 

We have renewed our emphasis on fostering a business development culture  
at E & E. We have stepped up a variety of strategic initiatives for engaging emerging 
environmental trends across a range of sectors, including energy development, 
transportation, climate adaptation and community resiliency, and water resources 

Gerald A. Strobel, P.E. 
Chief Executive Officer

2

management, among others. Our business development activities take place 
everywhere we work. Technical staff plays an integral role in developing business 
by building and maintaining strong client relationships through our responsiveness 
and providing quality results. 

Our organizational structure and business processes continue to evolve. We 
have accomplished our goal of successfully moving E & E to a new management 
information system (MIS) by the end of the last fiscal year. The new system is 
designed to support our specific needs as an international consulting services 
business.

We reduced total operating expenses $8.7 million (8%) in fiscal year 2014, 
while at the same time we have been hiring staff in strategic areas for aligning 
our technical disciplines and skill sets with our changing markets and new 
opportunities. We put operational efficiencies in place as we strive toward meeting 
our goals for revenue growth and increased profitability. Our newly deployed MIS 
was designed to guide and assist our efforts for achieving these cost efficiencies.

We have developed and put in place a new quality program initiative. E & E 
has always had a strong commitment to quality. In fiscal year 2014, we undertook 
a critical review of our quality strategies and processes. The first initiative in that 
ongoing review process is a Project Quality Management Protocol, which provides 
specific actions aimed at providing a high level of performance in the services we 
provide to clients.

Gerard A. Gallagher III 
President

3

Engaged in the Leading  
Environmental Challenges of Our Time
Mounting challenges facing the human condition on our planet have heightened 
public, corporate, and government awareness of the interrelationship of energy 
and natural resources needs, climate change, accidents and disastrous events, 
environmental impact, economics, living standards and quality of life — the 
implications of which can profoundly affect public policy, economic development, 
important development projects, and their proponents and stakeholders. This is our 
business milieu and we foresee an increasing need for our services.

Our aim is to be at the forefront of meeting the new challenges our clients face. 
Because of our breadth of experience, demonstrated capability, and effectiveness, 
we have the comprehensive view to fulfill this essential societal role. E & E’s vision 
is to help our clients in making a better and safer world through developing 
technically sound solutions to the leading environmental challenges of our time.

4

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1   Disease Outbreak Capacity Building – E & E has been working 
with USAID since 2009, providing technical services to support 
building local capacities to respond to disease outbreaks in hot-
spot locations.

2   Flood Response and Recovery – E & E’s flood-response team 
worked with both local and federal agencies to provide river 
restoration concepts, design details, and construction oversight 
services when Colorado’s Front Range was pummeled by a 
rainstorm last year that dropped up to 20 inches of rain in less 
than 48 hours. 

3   Energy Infrastructure Leadership – E & E’s Electric Transmission 

Sector Lead joined other transmission industry leaders in 
Washington, DC as a presenter at The High-Voltage Grid: Its 
Operations, Challenges, and Benefits, a Congressional briefing on 
emerging issues facing electric transmission developers. 

4   Coastal Restoration Solutions – E & E is collaborating with 

The Nature Conservancy’s North American Freshwater Team to 
pursue ecological restoration and habitat enhancement projects 
in the Great Lakes and other river basins creating shared solutions 
for some of the nation’s most significant freshwater conservation 
challenges protecting drinking water, reducing flood risk, and 
building smarter infrastructure.

5   Resilient Communities Planning – E & E developed award-
winning reconstruction plans for communities impacted by 
Hurricane Sandy, Tropical Storm Irene and Tropical Storm Lee, 
working with local steering committees to record historic storm 
damage, develop asset inventories, assess risk, and identify 
specific strategies and actions to mitigate future flood damage 
to allow the communities to quickly and efficiently recover from 
storm events.  

6   Emergency Operations Planning – Since 2006, E & E has been 
assisting the State of Oregon, including all 36 counties, all nine 
federally recognized tribes, and over 100 cities in developing 
comprehensive, all-hazard emergency operations plans. E & E’s plans 
have become the statewide model for compliant and community-
based emergency planning, establishing a common approach to 
enhance coordination and mutual support during a disaster.

7   Social Impact Assessment – We work with clients and stakeholders 
around the world to strengthen projects to add genuine value and 
contribute to an area’s quality of life. In preparing an Environmental 
Impact Assessment of the 220 kV TL Machupicchu-Quencoro-
Onocoro-Tintaya Transmission Line in Peru, for example, we built 
community understanding and addressed local issues through 252 
information workshops in 84 communities.

8   Legacy Site Contamination Cleanup – For the Hudson River PCBs 

site, E & E demonstrated how both regulatory agencies and potentially 
responsible parties can effectively address large-scale sediment 
remediation projects. We developed precedent-setting standards for 
river remediation that protect public interest and provided EPA with 
vital services throughout the project lifecycle, from award-winning 
facility siting studies to the development of an expansive and inclusive 
community involvement and education plan, to helping the EPA 
develop a new sampling program resulting in more targeted, less 
costly dredge operations.

9   Renewable Energy Development – E & E has been awarded $3.8 

million in contracts with the US Navy to help plan for and locate solar 
facilities at 12 Naval and 2 Marine Corps installations in the US and 
at Naval stations in Cuba, Italy, and Spain. When constructed, these 
high-profile projects will produce approximately 400 megawatts of 
renewable energy.

5

The Evolving Energy Market
Dynamic changes in the energy market have created substantial demand for our 
environmental services. We work with both public and private sector clients as 
valued advisers to help them take advantage of the opportunities the changing 
market presents. Building on our historic position as an energy leader, we develop 
sound strategies to plan and permit new energy infrastructure and work with 
clients throughout the full project lifecycle. 

We have seen growth in our electric transmission, liquefied natural gas, solar, and 
pipeline work in fiscal year 2014, and we see opportunities to sustain that growth 
for future years.

Our renewable energy portfolio is outstanding. The knowledge and relationships 
we have gained from working with regulators and communities in energy-
producing states enhances our ability to tackle other project work.

6

Plains & Eastern Clean Line Project, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and 
Tennessee. Since June 2010, E & E has served as environmental 
consultant for this key 700-mile overhead +600 kilovolt high voltage 
direct current (HVDC) transmission line, which will deliver 3,500 
megawatts of low-cost wind power from the Oklahoma Panhandle 
to utilities and customers in the Mid-South and Southeast. 

E & E technical and public involvement specialists assisted Clean Line 
in siting converter stations and an HVDC transmission line using our 
proprietary Correlate software and an iterative process, involving 
more than 100 large group stakeholder meetings to solicit feedback 
on routing.

Solar Star Project, Kern and Los Angeles Counties, California.  
Developing the world’s largest photovoltaic project is inevitably fraught 
with some difficulties. SunPower faced major compliance challenges 
because its two-part, 579-MW project is being built on 3,000 acres in 
both Kern and Los Angeles Counties. E & E stepped in to help the client 
sort out each county’s requirements and prioritize needs to facilitate 
project implementation and maintain compliance under each 
county’s CUP. E & E is now providing compliance monitoring during 
construction; the project is on track to be in operation by 2015.

Atlantic Wind Connection Project, Offshore Virginia to New York.  
E & E worked with the AWC team on numerous studies and permits to 
facilitate development of the 7,000-MW high-voltage direct current, 
subsea transmission system in the Outer-Continental shelf, making 
landfall in five states along the mid-Atlantic seaboard intended to 
provide service for planned wind farms to be located off the coasts of 
Virginia, Delaware, Maryland, and New Jersey. 

Transco Rockaway Delivery Lateral Project, Rockaway, New York.  
The Rockaway Lateral is an important addition to the Transco pipeline, 
the nation’s largest capacity interstate natural gas pipeline system and 
a major supplier of natural gas to New York City. Since the projects 
inception in 2009, E & E has provided comprehensive environmental 
review, agency coordination, permit development, and compliance 
plan implementation services.

The AWC project was the first right-of-way application filed by any 
developer under new renewable energy regulations and the “Smart from 
the Start” DOI initiative, and the first federal approval/determination 
received by an applicant under the new regulations.

7

Sustainability, Resiliency, and  
Climate Adaptation
The world is changing at a rapid pace that is increasing the need for plans and 
policies, social and economic systems, and built infrastructure that are resilient 
and adaptable. Whether it be shifting market needs or increasing threat of climate 
change to our natural, human and built systems, E & E works with communities 
and organizations to plan for changing conditions and reduce vulnerabilities.  
Long-term severe drought in western states, for example, is impacting every 
aspect of community planning from agriculture and energy use to soil erosion and 
emergency response.

Our multidisciplinary teams engage community stakeholders to first understand 
and prioritize concerns, then develop integrated solutions that provide multiple 
benefits and lasting returns.  Our goal is to help clients plan and build stronger, 
more resilient communities.

8

The Nature Conservancy Gulf Coast Restoration.  E & E is working with The Nature Conservancy to provide planning, engineering, design, and 
implementation services for marine conservation projects in the Gulf of Mexico. As part of the Five-year contract, E & E will work collaboratively with 
The Nature Conservancy on ecosystem restoration, natural infrastructure, and community resiliency projects to be funded by the National Fish and 
Wildlife Foundation, the RESTORE Act, and other sources.  

Colorado Flood Corridor Master Planning. To prepare flood-impacted 
streams for the 2014 runoff season, E & E engineers teamed with local 
and national agency experts to rapidly assess, design, and implement 
temporary stabilization measures for immediate threat areas along the 
Big Thompson River and its tributaries above the Olympus Dam in Estes 
Park. The result of these proactive efforts was successful performance 
during the subsequent runoff season with only minor, localized damage 
reported in vulnerable flood-affected areas.

New York Rising Community Reconstruction Plans, Capital and 
North Country Regions, New York State. The New York Rising 
Community Reconstruction Program (NYRCRP) is a bottom-up planning 
process designed to empower communities that suffered significant 
damage from Superstorm Sandy, Hurricane Irene, and Tropical Storm 
Lee. E & E led the development of community reconstruction and 
resilience plans for five community groupings within the Capital and 
North Country regions of New York. 

E & E worked with local steering committees from each community to 
record historic storm damage, develop an asset inventory, assess the 
risk to priority assets and identify specific strategies, programs, and 
actions to mitigate future flood damage and to promote quick and 
efficient community recovery. E & E helped develop plans for the Towns 
of Jay and Keene and the Village of Waterford that were presented with 
prestigious NY Rising to the Top awards, providing the communities 
with additional state funding to implement critical projects.

9

Growth in Global Markets
Our U.S. and South American subsidiary companies are bringing increasing value 
to E & E and represent an important and growing part of our business. Our South 
American companies, in particular, are at the forefront of important work in offshore 
and onshore energy development, telecommunications infrastructure permitting, 
and environmental and social impact assessment projects for the extractive industry. 
In North Africa, our continuing efforts in developing a Green City and Technical 
University Campus are setting new standards for sustainability on the continent.

As new global markets develop, we are guided by a thoughtful approach to growth 
that places us in the most attractive markets, maximizing opportunity and managing 
exposure to risk. As new opportunities emerge, operational improvements are 
making collaboration between our companies even more efficient.

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1   Cardones-Polpaico Transmission Line, Central Chile. Gestion 
Ambiental Consultores, S.A., E & E’s Chilean subsidiary, is working 
to help develop this high profile 753-kilometer transmission line 
(500 kV) that will reinforce Chile’s Central Interconnected System 
between Cardones’ substation located south of the city of Copiapó 
and Polpaico’s substation located north of the city of Santiago. The 
estimated investment is more than $1 Billion USD.

5   Environmental Impact Assessment, Loreto Region, Peru. In 

Peru, our subsidiary company performed the Environmental Impact 
Assessment for Block 64 Situche Northwestern Area for the Gran Tierra 
Energy Project. The project involves the construction and operation of 
production facilities and energy generation in floating concrete barges, 
and the construction of access roads, four production platforms with 
14 production wells, and nine re-injector wells. 

2  GlobeNet Submarine Fiber Optic Cable System Extension, 
Colombia. E & E recently completed studies that enabled 
environmental permitting for installation of a sub-sea fiber-
optic cable connecting to telecommunications networks linking 
Colombia to the Carribbean countries. 

3  Ville Verte Mohammed VI (VVM6) Green City and Technical 
University Campus, Morocco. E & E is providing sustainable 
design and planning services to support the development of 
the VVM6 Green City and a new Technical University Campus in 
Morocco. The Green City is intended to set a new standard for 
sustainable urban design in the country.  

4   Streamgaging Program / Agricultural Use Protection 

Monitoring, Powder River Basin, Wyoming. We designed, 
installed, and continue to monitor an expansive streamgaging 
network in several watersheds of the Powder River Basin. The 
innovative streamgaging program serves industry reporting needs 
for multiple gas clients, and streamlines necessary data collection 
to meet state regulation requirements.

6   Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, Ecuador. E & E’s 
subsidiary company in Ecuador, undertook an Environmental and 
Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) on behalf of Petroamazonas, EP in 
primary rainforest in the Ecuadorian Amazon on the boundary of 
Sumaco Napo-Gallera National Park that intersects the territories of 
two rainforest indigenous communities. 

7   Steve Gardner, P.E., President and CEO of ECSI, LLC, an  

E & E company, was named 2015 President-Elect of the Society of 
Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (SME), a professional society 
with more than 15,000 members in 100 countries who represent all 
professions serving the minerals and mining industries.

8  Extractive Industry Infectious Disease Risk Assessment, Katanga 
Province, DRC (Congo). The Extractive Industry Infectious Disease 
Risk Assessment Management (IDEAM) Initiative is part of the United 
States Agency for International Development (USAID) Emerging 
Pandemic Threats Program, which aims to pre-empt or combat at 
their source, emerging infectious disease of animal origin that pose a 
threat to human health. In support of the IDRAM initiative, E & E has 
worked with FHI 360, a non-profit human development organization, 
to develop a toolkit that resource companies can use to examine 
vulnerabilities to disease and consider mitigation measures to reduce 
the vulnerability. 

11

Fiscal Year 2014 at Ecology and Environment, Inc. 

Fiscal year 2014 was one of transition for E & E. Our net loss of $1.4 million or $0.32 per share for the year reflected a 35% 
improvement from the net loss reported for the prior fiscal year.  We successfully completed our conversion to a new software 
operating system.  As a result of abandoning our former system, we incurred $2.2 million of incremental software amortization 
during 2014, which was a primary reason for our fiscal year 2014 loss.  This non-cash and non-recurring expense was necessary for 
us to convert to a more efficient and effective operating system that will support our operations for years to come. 

Net contract adjustments recorded as reductions of revenue decreased more than $6 million during 2014.  We have developed 
an improved risk management approach toward assessing project opportunities in foreign markets, which has resulted in lower 
reserves against contract receivables in these markets.  Although we will continue to consider projects around the world, our 
current business development strategy focuses on our core markets in the United States and South America.

Excluding project-related and depreciation expenses, our operating expenses for fiscal year 2014 were 7% lower than the prior year 
due to a concerted effort by all of our U.S.-based companies to reduce operating expenses and develop a leaner organizational 
structure.  Management will continue to evaluate and improve our organization and cost structures in fiscal year 2015.  

The sequester of the federal government last October had a prolonged adverse effect on volume of available project opportunities 
during fiscal year 2014. Other factors in the economy delayed the timing of project work orders received under our contracts. New 
orders increased in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2014, a trend that has continued into the first quarter of the current fiscal year.  
Our experienced business development team is continually assessing and re-focusing its efforts to maximize opportunities to win 
new work and retain existing customers.

Despite net losses over the past two fiscal years, our line of credit and debt balances are low and our liquidity position remains 
strong.  During 2014, we continued our history of consistent dividends paid to our shareholders.  We believe we are well positioned 
to support operational growth without significant increases in expenses or detrimental impacts on our liquidity position.  

Financial Highlights 

2014

Fiscal year ending July 31,
2012

2011

2013

2010

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

Revenue, net

 $ 128,427 

$ 134,937

$ 155,410

$ 169,173

$ 144,098

Loss (income) from operations

(507)

(898)

4,784

12,386

9,893

Net (loss) income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc.

 (1,383)

    (2,130)

        774

     6,960

     4,258

Net (loss) income per common share

 (0.32)

     (0.50)

       0.18

       1.65

       1.02

Balance Sheet Data

Working capital

Total assets 

Outstanding advances under lines of credit

Long-term debt and capital lease obligations

2014

2013

As of July 31,
2012

(In thousands)

2011

2010

 $   31,203 

$   34,288

$   38,511

$   41,979

$   38,950

 71,708 

81,682

 1,572 

 842 

6,529

451

97,512

12,309

94,268

79,959

–

–

591

2,138

1,695

Ecology and Environment, Inc. shareholders’ equity

 37,678 

43,544

48,146

50,034

44,864

Book value per share

Cash dividends paid

12

8.80

10.25

11.37

11.85

10.78

 2,054 

     2,037

     2,047

     1,815

     1,684

Fiscal Year 2014 Operations Summary
Overview
For fiscal year 2014, we incurred a loss before income tax provision 
of $0.4 million, which was $0.5 million lower than the $0.9 million 
loss incurred during the previous fiscal year.  Lower revenues and 
higher software amortization costs were offset by lower contract 
adjustments recorded as net reductions from revenue, lower direct 
project-related costs and lower indirect expenses during fiscal year 
2014.

Gross revenue less subcontract costs (refer to table on page 14), 
which is a key performance measurement for us, decreased $12.7 
million (11%) for fiscal year 2014.  Lower project work volumes in 
domestic government, energy, mining and asbestos inspection 
market sectors were partially offset by growth in mining and energy 
sectors in our South American operations.  We also recorded lower 
revenue from certain projects in the Middle East for which the 
Company had minimal project activity during fiscal year 2014.

Net contract adjustments (refer to table on page 15) recorded 
as a reduction of revenue decreased $6.1 million (97%) during 
fiscal year 2014, as compared with the prior fiscal year.  During 
fiscal year 2013, we recorded $6.3 million of contract adjustments 
related to projects in China.  During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 
2013, management suspended all project activity related to these 
contracts, and no revenue or contract adjustments were recorded 
during fiscal year 2014.  

Abandonment and Conversion  
of Operating Software
During fiscal years 2012 and 2013, the Company acquired and 
developed a new operating and financial software system for 
use by EEI and its U.S. and foreign subsidiaries.  Through July 31, 
2013, the Company capitalized $4.1 million of expenditures for 
the acquisition and development of this system, which was being 
amortized over a 10 year useful life.  During the quarter ended 
July 31, 2013, management assessed the utility and effectiveness 
of various modules included in the software package, and 
determined that these software modules did not meet the needs 
of users that rely on the system and would not provide any future 
service potential.  As a result, the Company recorded a software 
impairment charge of $0.8 million during the three months ended 
July 31, 2013, which was included in administrative and indirect 
operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.

In November 2013, after an extensive assessment process, 
management decided to abandon the Company’s existing 
operating and financial software system and migrate to new system 
software.  The Company acquired and developed the new software 

during fiscal year 2014, and began utilizing the new software 
effective August 1, 2014 for the Company’s U.S. operations.  The 
process to evaluate, select and develop new operating and financial 
software systems for the Company’s significant foreign operations 
is expected to be completed in January 2015.  The total capitalized 
cost of the new software system, when fully developed, is expected 
to approximate $1.7 million for the Company’s U.S. operations 
and $0.2 million for its foreign operations.  The Company recorded 
software development costs of $1.4 million in property, plant and 
equipment during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2014.  

The Company continued to utilize the previous software system 
through July 31, 2014, at which time the previous system was 
abandoned.  As a result, amortization of software development 
costs capitalized for the previous system was accelerated so that 
the system was completely amortized by July 31, 2014.  Total 
software amortization expense was $2.6 million, $0.4 million, and 
$0.2 million for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, 
respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash and cash equivalents decreased $2.6 million during fiscal year 
2014, primarily due to the following non-operating expenditures 
that were approved by the Board of Directors on a discretionary 
basis:

• $2.1 million for dividend payments to shareholders;

• $0.7 million for acquisition of all remaining minority interests in 
Walsh Environmental Scientists & Engineers, LLC (“Walsh”); and 

• $0.2 million for purchases of treasury stock.

Excluding these discretionary cash outflows, net cash generated 
from operations of $8.1 million during fiscal year 2014 was 
adequate to fund investing and financing activities required to 
maintain our current operations and to reduce our outstanding 
lines of credit by $5.0 million during the period.

We believe that cash flows from U.S. operations, available cash 
and cash equivalent balances in our domestic subsidiaries and 
remaining amounts available under lines of credit will be sufficient 
to cover working capital requirements of our U.S. operations 
during the next twelve months and the foreseeable future.  Our 
foreign subsidiaries typically generate adequate cash flow to fund 
their operations.  We intend to reinvest net cash generated from 
undistributed foreign earnings into opportunities outside the 
U.S.  If the foreign cash and cash equivalents were needed to fund 
domestic operations, we would be required to accrue and pay taxes 
on any amounts repatriated.

13

Contract Receivables, net
Contract receivables, net are summarized in the following table.

                                                             Balance at July 31,

Contract Receivables:  

Billed

Unbilled

2014

2013

$26,863,708

$36,284,950

23,694,451

16,441,857

50,558,159

52,726,807

Allowance for doubtful accounts and 
contract adjustments

(6,126,854)

(5,592,800)

Contract receivables, net  

$44,431,305

$47,134,007

Significant concentrations of contract receivables and the 
allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments are 
summarized in the following table.

                                                             Balance at July 31, 2014

Region

United States, Canada and  
South America

Allowance 
for Doubtful 
Accounts 
and Contract 
Adjustments

Contract
Receivables

$43,394,442

$1,611,068

Middle East and Africa

7,010,225

4,386,240

Asia

Totals

153,492

129,546

$50,558,159

$6,126,854

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2014

2013

2012

Revenue by entity:

EEI and its wholly 
owned subsidiaries 
(excluding Walsh)

$  69,446,427 $  82,358,140 $  85,150,365

Walsh and EEI’s majority-owned subsidiaries:

Walsh

33,168,180

28,263,579

39,295,981

Ecology & 
Environment do 
Brasil, Ltda  
(“E & E Brasil”)

Gestion Ambiental 
Consultores S.A. 
(“GAC”)

13,811,391

15,125,046

15,702,130

8,808,052

10,640,382

11,298,271

ECSI, LLC (“ECSI”)

3,366,793

4,869,394

5,539,993

Total gross revenue

128,600,843 141,256,541 156,986,740

Net contract 
adjustments recorded 
as a reduction from 
revenue

Revenue, net per 
consolidated 
statements of 
operations

(173,967)

(6,319, 650)

(1,576,641)

$128,426,876 $134,936,891 $155,410,099

Gross revenue less subcontract costs, by entity:

EEI and its wholly 
owned subsidiaries 
(excluding Walsh)

$  59,627,259 $  69,691,641 $  72,290,708

                                                             Balance at July 31, 2013

Walsh and EEI’s majority-owned subsidiaries:

Region

United States, Canada and  
South America

Allowance 
for Doubtful 
Accounts 
and Contract 
Adjustments

Contract
Receivables

$41,302,180

$ 1,576,746

Middle East and Africa

10,876,151

3,886,508

Asia

Totals

548,476

129,546

$52,726,807

$ 5,592,800

Combined contract receivables related to projects in the Middle 
East, Africa and Asia represented 14% and 22% of total contract 
receivables at July 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, while the 
combined allowance for doubtful accounts and contract 
adjustments related to these projects represented 74% and 72%, 
respectively, of the total allowance for doubtful accounts and 
contract adjustments at those same period end dates.  These 
allowance percentages highlight the Company’s experience of 
heightened operating risks (i.e., political, regulatory and cultural 
risks) within these foreign regions in comparison with similar risks 
in the United States, Canada and South America.  These heightened 
operating risks have resulted in increased collection risks and the 
Company expending resources that it may not recover for several 
months, or at all.  

Walsh

20,796,673

20,796,180

26,003,190

E & E Brasil

12,833,626

13,778,136

14,433,459

GAC

ECSI

Total

6,958,103

7,327,335

6,620,988

3,272,119

4,621,818

5,323,216

$103,487,780 $116,215,110 $124,671,561

Revenue, net
Revenue, net and revenue less subcontract costs, by business entity, 
are summarized in the following table.

Fiscal Year 2014 Versus 2013
The decrease in consolidated gross revenue for fiscal year 2014, as 
compared with the prior fiscal year, primarily resulted from the net 
impact of the following activity:

• Lower revenue for EEI and its wholly-owned subsidiaries 
(excluding Walsh) for fiscal year 2014 resulted primarily from the 
following activity:

- EEI recorded $3.8 million of gross revenue related to 
projects in China during fiscal year 2013.  All project activity 
related to these contracts was suspended during the fourth 
quarter of fiscal year 2013, and no revenue related to these 
projects was recorded during fiscal year 2014; and

- generally lower sales volume, particularly within domestic 
state and federal government markets, as expired contracts 
were not renewed or replaced with new work.

14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• Consolidated Walsh revenue for fiscal year 2014 was relatively 
unchanged from the prior fiscal year, which was the net result 
of the following activity:

- higher energy sector revenues from Walsh’s South American 
operations; which was partially offset by

- lower sales volumes from asbestos inspection, energy and 
mining sectors in the U.S., as expiring contracts were not 
renewed or replaced by new work.

• Lower E & E Brasil revenue for fiscal year 2014 was primarily due 
to lower sales volumes in the energy transmission sector and 
weakening of the local currency (Reais) against the U.S. dollar.  

• Lower GAC revenue for fiscal year 2014 mainly resulted from the 
following net activity:

domestic subsidiaries and operations.  As a result of this review, 
the number of full time employees in various technical and 
indirect departments at EEI and its U.S. subsidiaries decreased 
by a combined 16% and 9% during fiscal years 2014 and 2013, 
respectively.  Utilization of contracted services was also reviewed 
and reduced at EEI.  Management continues to critically evaluate its 
organizational and cost structure to identify ways to operate more 
efficiently and cost effectively.
The cost of professional services and other direct operating 
expenses represents labor and other direct costs of providing 
services to our clients under our project agreements.  These costs, 
and fluctuations in these costs, generally correlate directly with 
related project revenues.  The cost of professional services and 
other direct operating expenses, by business entity, are summarized 
in the following table.

- lower sales volume from the commercial mining market, 
mainly due to a general decline in the Chilean economy; 
and

- a decline in the value of the Chilean Peso against the U.S. 
dollar throughout the year; which were partially offset by 

- lower utilization of subcontracted labor, which resulted in 
higher utilization of GAC employees. 

• Lower ECSI revenue during fiscal year 2014 mainly resulted from 
lower sales volumes in the mining sector, as projects completed 
during fiscal year 2013 were not renewed or replaced during 
the current year.

Contract Adjustments
Net contract adjustments recorded as reductions from revenue are 
summarized by region in the following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

Region

2014     

2013

2012

United States, Canada 
and South America

$    309,651 $     (73,534)

 $  355,643 

Middle East and Africa

(483,618)

72,024

(1,314,058)

Asia

Totals

— (6,318,140)

(618,226)

$  (173,967) $(6,319,650) $ (1,576,641)

Fiscal Year 2014 Activity
Net contract adjustments recorded for projects in the U.S., Canada 
and South America includes net adjustments resulting from 
revenues that are deemed to be unrealizable or that may become 
unrealizable in the future, as well as adjustments to estimated 
liabilities for project disallowances that are recorded in other 
accrued liabilities.  During fiscal year 2014, as a result of a revised 
estimate of a settlement liability recorded in a prior fiscal year, 
we recorded a $0.3 million reduction on our reserves for project 
disallowances recorded in other accrued liabilities.  

Net contract adjustments recorded for projects in the Middle East 
and Africa mainly resulted from a $1.5 million increase in the reserve 
for contract adjustments associated with a specific project in the 
Middle East, which was partially offset by $1.0 million of reserve 
reversals resulting from cash receipts or approvals of task orders 
related to receivables that had been previously reserved

Operating Expenses
During fiscal years 2014 and 2013, management at EEI and its 
U.S. subsidiaries critically reviewed technical and indirect staffing 
levels, other expenses necessary to support current project 
work levels and key administrative processes, particularly in our 

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2014     

2013

2012

$26,407,023  $29,408,179 $33,152,707 

EEI and all of its wholly 
owned subsidiaries 
(excluding Walsh)

Walsh and EEI’s majority-owned subsidiaries:

Walsh

5,118,715

6,034,926

7,709,299

E & E Brasil

7,322,385

7,524,216

8,413,975

GAC

ECSI

5,133,125

5,258,000

4,499,132

1,183,785

1,529,296

1,857,168

Total cost of professional 
services and other direct 
operating expenses

$45,165,033 $49,754,617 $55,632,281

Indirect operating expenses include administrative and indirect 
operating expenses, as well as marketing and related costs.  
Combined indirect operating expenses by business entity, 
excluding depreciation and amortization expenses, are summarized 
in the following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2014     

2013

2012

$32,907,360  $36,239,243 $38,957,028 

EEI and all of its wholly 
owned subsidiaries 
(excluding Walsh)

Walsh and EEI’s majority-owned subsidiaries:

Walsh

12,690,944

12,707,123

12,953,357

E & E Brasil

4,946,171

5,480,397

4,847,879

GAC

ECSI

1,376,842

1,161,575

923,723

2,559,021

3,021,712

2,836,756

Total administrative and 
indirect operating 
expenses and marketing 
and related costs

$54,480,338 $58,610,050 $60,518,743

Fiscal Year 2014 Versus 2013
The consolidated cost of professional services and other direct 
operating expenses decreased $4.6 million (9%) during fiscal year 
2014, as compared with the prior fiscal year.  These net decreases 
were primarily due to lower consolidated revenues and lower 
service levels provided during the current year, and managed 
reductions in technical staff levels in U.S. operations.  Expense 
reductions in the U.S. were partially offset by a higher volume of 

15

project activity and related expenses in certain South American 
subsidiaries.

Consolidated administrative and indirect operating expenses and 
marketing and related costs decreased $4.1 million (7%) during 
fiscal year 2014.  During fiscal years 2013 and 2014, management 
at EEI and its U.S. subsidiaries critically reviewed key administrative 
processes, reduced indirect staffing levels, and reduced utilization 
of contracted services in certain indirect departments.  These 
cost reductions in the U.S. were partially offset by higher indirect 
expenses to support growth in certain South American subsidiaries.  

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $1.7 million 
(72%) during fiscal year 2014 primarily due to accelerated 
amortization of the Company’s previous operating software system, 
which was abandoned at the end of fiscal year 2014 in favor of a 
new software system.  

Income Taxes
The income tax provision (benefit) resulting from domestic and 
foreign operations is summarized in the following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2014    

2013

2012

Income tax (benefit) provision from:

Domestic operations

$ (802,558) $ (782,672) $      65,885

Foreign operations

1,145,621

1,036,906

1,292,031

Income tax provision, as 
reported on the 
consolidated statements 
of operations

$   343,063 $   254,234 $ 1,357,916

A reconciliation of the income tax provision using the statutory 
U.S. income tax rate compared with the actual income tax 
provision reported on the consolidated statements of operations is 
summarized in the following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2014     

2013

2012

Income tax (benefit)provision 
at the U.S. federal statutory 
income tax rate

Income from “pass-through” 
entities taxable to 
noncontrolling partners

$(152,113) $(329,057) $1,495,206

35,309

(102,933)

(255,065)

International rate differences

(143,493)

(197,217)

(329,825)

Other foreign taxes, net of 
federal benefit

(34,419)

94,528

211,088

Foreign dividend income

596,631

481,287

329,825

State taxes, net of federal 
benefit

Re-evaluation and settlements 
of tax contingencies

27,739

3,871

13,193

(19,533)

(58,105)

(180,304)

Peru non-deductible expenses

44,077

173,707

211,000

Canada valuation allowance

(83,257)

130,950

—

Other permanent differences

72,122

57,203

(137,202)  

Income tax provision, as 
reported on the consolidated 
statements of operations

$343,063 $254,234 $1,357,916

16

Fiscal Year 2014 Versus 2013
The majority of the income or loss generated by the Company 
occurs in tax jurisdictions with combined income tax rates between 
30 percent and 40 percent.  However, the mix of domestic and 
foreign earnings that created a small consolidated pre-tax loss, 
and the impact of permanent book-to-tax differences that are 
recognized regardless of pre-tax income or loss, resulted in an 
unusual negative effective income tax rate for fiscal year 2014.  The 
most significant of these permanent differences resulted from 
foreign dividend income that is taxed in the U.S. as a result of a 
reduced foreign tax credit created from the Company’s overall 
foreign loss.

During the fiscal year ended July 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company 
generated operating losses in the U.S. of $1.7 million and $3.8 
million, respectively.  The net operating loss from fiscal year 2014 
will be carried forward to future fiscal years.  The net operating loss 
from fiscal year 2013 was carried back to an earlier year and was 
fully utilized.  As of July 31, 2014, net operating losses attributable 
to operations in Brazil, Canada and China and net operating losses 
for state income tax purposes still exist.

Critical Accounting Policies
The preceding discussion and analysis of our financial condition 
and results of operating results are based on our consolidated 
financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity 
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United 
States.  Many of our significant accounting policies require complex 
judgments to estimate values of assets and liabilities.  In making 
these judgments, management must make certain estimates and 
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, 
revenues and expenses.  Because changes in such estimates 
and assumptions could significantly affect our reported financial 
position and results of operations, detailed policies and control 
procedures have been established to ensure that valuation 
methods, including judgments made as part of such methods, 
are well controlled, independently reviewed, and are applied 
consistently from period to period.

On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates to ensure that 
they are based on assumptions that we believe to be reasonable 
under current circumstances.  Our actual results may differ from 
these estimates and assumptions.

Of the significant policies used to prepare our consolidated 
financial statements, the items discussed below require critical 
accounting estimates involving a high degree of judgment and 
complexity.  For all of these critical policies, we caution that future 
events rarely develop exactly as forecasted, and the best estimates 
routinely require adjustment.  This information should be read in 
conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included 
herein.

Revenue Recognition
Our revenues are derived primarily from the professional and 
technical services performed by its employees or, in certain 
cases, by subcontractors engaged to perform on under contracts 
entered into with our clients. The revenues recognized, therefore, 
are derived from our ability to charge clients for those services 
under the contracts.  Sales and cost of sales at our South 
American subsidiaries exclude tax assessments by governmental 
authorities, which are collected from clients and then remitted to 
governmental authorities.

Substantially all of our revenue is derived from environmental 
consulting work.  The consulting revenue is principally derived from 
the sale of labor hours.  The consulting work is performed under 
a mix of fixed price, cost-type, and time and material contracts.  
Contracts are required from all clients.  Revenue is recognized as 
follows:

Contract Type

Work Type

Revenue Recognition Policy

Time and  
Materials

Consulting

As incurred at contract rates.

Fixed Price

Consulting

Cost-plus

Consulting

Percentage of completion, 
approximating the ratio of either 
total costs or Level of Effort (LOE) 
hours incurred to date to total 
estimated costs or LOE hours. 

Costs as incurred plus fees.  
Fees are recognized as revenue 
using percentage of completion 
determined by the percentage of 
LOE hours incurred to total LOE 
hours in the respective contracts.

Revenues associated with these contract types are summarized in 
the following table.

Twelve Months Ended July 31,

2014

2013

2012

Time and materials $  69,136,988 $  64,522,639 $  76,889,583

Fixed price

Cost-plus

50,077,507

58,244,072

67,638,479

9,212,381

12,170,180

10,882,037

Total revenue

$128,426,876 $134,936,891 $155,410,099

Time and material contracts are accounted for over the period 
of performance, in proportion to the costs of performance, 
predominately based on labor hours incurred.  Time and materials 
contracts generally represent the time spent by our professional 
staff at stated or negotiated billing rates, plus materials used during 
project work.  Many time and materials contracts contain “not to 
exceed” provisions that effectively cap the amount of revenue that 
we can bill to the client.  In order to record revenue that exceeds 
the billing cap, we must obtain written approval from the client for 
expanded scope or increased pricing.

Fixed price contracts are accounted for using the percentage-of-
completion method, wherein revenue is recognized as project 
progress occurs.  Fixed-price contracts generally present the 
highest level of financial and performance risk, but often also 
provide the highest potential financial returns.  

Cost-plus contracts provide for payment of allowable incurred 
costs, to the extent prescribed in the contract, plus fees that we 
record as revenue.  These contracts establish an estimate of total 
cost and an invoicing ceiling that the contractor may not exceed 
without the approval of the client.  Cost-plus contracts present a 
lower risk, but generally provide lower returns and often include 
more onerous terms and conditions.  

Our project management teams continuously monitor the budgets, 
costs to date and estimated costs to complete project work.  If the 
estimated costs at completion on any contract indicates that a loss 
will be incurred, the entire estimated loss is charged to operations 
as a reduction of revenue in the period the loss becomes evident.

The percentage of completion revenue recognition method 
requires the use of estimates and judgment regarding a project’s 
expected revenues, costs and the extent of progress towards 
completion.  We have a history of making reasonably dependable 
estimates of the extent of progress towards completion, contract 
revenue and contract completion costs.  However, due to 
uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, actual completion 
costs may vary significantly from estimates.

Most of our percentage-of-completion projects follow a method 
which approximates the “cost-to-cost” method of determining 
the percentage of completion.  Under the cost-to-cost method, 
we make periodic estimates of our progress towards project 
completion by analyzing costs incurred to date, plus an estimate of 
the amount of costs that we expect to incur until the completion 
of the project.  Revenue is then calculated on a cumulative basis 
(project-to-date) as the total contract value multiplied by the 
current percentage-of-completion.  The revenue for the current 
period is calculated as cumulative revenues less project revenues 
already recognized.  The recognition of revenues and profit is 
dependent upon a variety of estimates which can be difficult to 
accurately determine until a project is significantly underway.

For projects where the cost-to-cost method does not appropriately 
reflect the progress on the projects, we use alternative methods 
such as actual labor hours, for measuring progress on the project 
and recognize revenue accordingly.  For instance, in a project where 
a large amount of equipment is purchased or an extensive amount 
of mobilization is involved, including these costs in calculating the 
percentage-of-completion may overstate the actual progress on 
the project.  For these types of projects, actual labor hours spent on 
the project may be a more appropriate measure of the progress on 
the project.

Our contracts with the U.S. government contain provisions 
requiring compliance with the Federal Acquisition Regulation 
(“FAR”), and the Cost Accounting Standards (“CAS”).  These 
regulations are generally applicable to all of our federal government 
contracts and are partially or fully incorporated in many local and 
state agency contracts.  They limit the recovery of certain specified 
indirect costs on contracts subject to the FAR.  Cost-plus contracts 
covered by the FAR provide for upward or downward adjustments 
if actual recoverable costs differ from the estimate billed.  Most 
of our federal government contracts are subject to termination 
at the convenience of the client.  Contracts typically provide for 
reimbursement of costs incurred and payment of fees earned 
through the date of such termination.

Federal government contracts are subject to the FAR and some 
state and local governmental agencies require audits, which are 
performed for the most part by the Defense Contract Audit Agency 
(“DCAA”).  The DCAA audits overhead rates, cost proposals, incurred 
government contract costs, and internal control systems.  During 
the course of its audits, the DCAA may question incurred costs if it 
believes we have accounted for such costs in a manner inconsistent 
with the requirements of the FAR or CAS and recommend that 
our U.S. government financial administrative contracting officer 
disallow such costs.  Historically, we have not experienced 
significant disallowed costs as a result of such audits.  However, we 
can provide no assurance that such audits will not result in material 
disallowances of incurred costs in the future.

We maintain an allowance for project disallowances in other 
accrued liabilities for potential cost disallowances resulting from 

17

government audits and project close-outs.  Government audits 
have been completed and final rates have been negotiated 
for fiscal years through 2007.  We have estimated our exposure 
based on completed audits, historical experience and discussions 
with the government auditors.  If these estimates or their related 
assumptions change, we may be required to adjust its recorded 
allowance for project disallowances.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Contract 
Adjustments
We reduce our contract receivables by recording an allowance 
for doubtful accounts for estimated credit losses resulting from a 
client’s inability or unwillingness to pay valid obligations to us.  The 
resulting provision for bad debts is recorded within administrative 
and indirect operating expenses on the consolidated statements 
of operations.  The likelihood that the client will pay is based on 
the judgment of those closest to the related project and the client.  
At a minimum, management considers the following factors to 
determine the collectability of contract receivables for any specific 
project:

• Client acknowledgment of amount owed to us;

• Client liquidity/ability to pay;

• Historical experience with collections from the client;

• Amount of time elapsed since last payment; and

• Economic, geopolitical and cultural considerations for the 
home country of the client.

We recognize that there is a high degree of subjectivity and 
imprecision inherent in the process of estimating future credit 
losses that are based on historical trends and client data.  As a 
result, actual credit losses can differ from these estimates.

We also reduce contract receivables by establishing an allowance 
for contract adjustments related to revenues that are deemed to 
be unrealizable, or that may become unrealizable in the future.  
Management reviews contract receivables and determines 
allowances amounts based on:

• Our operating performance related to the adequacy of the 
services performed under the contract;

• The status of change orders and claims;

• Our historical experience with the client for settling change 
orders and claims; and

• Economic, geopolitical and cultural considerations for the 
home country of the client.

Because of the high degree of subjectivity and imprecision inherent 
in the process of estimating allowances that are based on historical 
trends and client data, actual contract losses can differ from these 
estimates.

Goodwill
Goodwill of $1.2 million on our consolidated balance sheets 
represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of 
identifiable net assets acquired in various business acquisitions.  
Goodwill is not amortized, but is reviewed for impairment annually 
during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, or more frequently 
if events, transactions or changes in circumstances indicate 
that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.  We utilize a 
discounted cash flows methodology for determining the fair value 
of the business units to which goodwill has been assigned.  Our 

18

discounted cash flows methodology includes the following critical 
assumptions:

• Growth rates applied to projected earnings

• Discount rates and terminal year growth rates applied to 
future cash flow projections

Our impairment testing of goodwill is considered to be a critical 
accounting estimate due to the significant judgment required 
for certain assumptions utilized in the models to determine fair 
value.  Assumptions used involve a high degree of subjectivity 
that is based on historical experience and internal forecasts of 
future results.  Actual results in future periods may not necessarily 
approximate historical experience or forecasts.

We completed our annual goodwill impairment test as of July 31, 
2014, and concluded that our recorded goodwill was not at risk 
for impairment as of that date.  As of July 31, 2014, the estimated 
fair values exceeded the carrying values of each of the individual 
business units to which goodwill has been assigned.

Income Taxes
We operate within multiple tax jurisdictions in the United States 
and in foreign countries.  The calculations of income tax expense or 
benefit and related balance sheet amounts involve a high degree 
of management judgment regarding estimates of the timing 
and probability of recognition of revenue and deductions.  The 
interpretation of tax laws involves uncertainty, since tax authorities 
may interpret laws differently than we do.  We are subject to audit 
in all of our tax jurisdictions, which may involve complex issues 
and may require an extended period of time to resolve.  Ultimate 
resolution of tax matters may result in favorable or unfavorable 
impacts to our net income and/or cash flows.  In management’s 
opinion, adequate reserves have been recorded for any future 
taxes that may be owed as a result of examination by any taxing 
authority. 

A tax position is a position in a previously filed tax return or a 
position expected to be taken in a future tax filing that is reflected 
in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities. 
Tax positions shall be recognized only when it is more likely than 
not (likelihood of greater than 50%), based on technical merits, that 
the position will be sustained.   Tax positions that meet the more 
likely than not threshold should be measured using a probability 
weighted approach as the largest amount of tax benefit that is 
greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement.  We 
recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits 
in interest expense and penalties in administrative and indirect 
operating expenses.  Whether the more-likely-than-not recognition 
threshold is met for a tax position, is a matter of judgment based on 
the individual facts and circumstances of that position evaluated 
in light of all available evidence.  Based on available evidence, 
management has estimated that uncertain tax positions did not 
exceed $0.1 million at July 31, 2014 or 2013.

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary 
differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities 
for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income 
tax purposes using enacted tax rates expected to be in effect 
for the year in which the temporary differences are expected to 
reverse.  Our policy is to establish a valuation allowance if it is 
“more likely than not” that the related tax benefits will not be 
realized.  At July 31, 2014 and 2013, we determined based on 
available evidence, including historical financial results for the last 

three years and forecasts of future results, that it is “more likely than 
not” that a portion of these items may not be recoverable in the 
future.  Accordingly, we recorded total valuation allowances of $0.4 
million and $0.6 million at July 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, as a 
reduction of deferred tax assets.  

The valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets is considered 
to be a critical estimate because, in assessing the likelihood of 
realization of deferred tax assets, management considers taxable 
income trends and forecasts.  Actual income taxes expensed and/
or paid could vary from estimated amounts due to the impacts of 
various factors, including:

• changes to tax laws enacted by taxing authorities;

• final review of filed tax returns by taxing authorities; and

• actual financial condition and results of operations for future 
periods that could differ from forecasted amounts.

Inflation
During the fiscal years ended July 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, 
inflation did not have a material impact on our business because a 
significant amount of our contracts are either cost based or contain 
commercial rates for services that are adjusted annually.  

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of July 31, 
2014 or 2013.

Report of Independent Registered  
Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of 
Ecology and Environment, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance 
sheets of Ecology and Environment, Inc. and its subsidiaries 
(collectively, the Company) as of July 31, 2014 and 2013, 
and the related consolidated statements of operations, 
comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders’ 
equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year 
period ended July 31, 2014.  The Company’s management is 
responsible for these financial statements.  Our responsibility is 
to express an opinion on these financial statements based on 
our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards 
of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform 
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether 
the consolidated financial statements are free of material 
misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor 
were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control 
over financial reporting.  Our audit included consideration 
of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for 
designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the 
circumstances, but not for purpose of expressing an opinion 
on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over 
financial reporting.  Accordingly, we express no such opinion.  
An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence 
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated 
financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used 
and significant estimates made by management, as well as 
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  We 
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our 
opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred 
to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 
position of the Company as of July 31, 2014 and 2013, and the 
results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years 
in the three-year period ended July 31, 2014 in conformity with 
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States 
of America.  

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

October 29, 2014

19

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Assets

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

Investment securities available for sale

Contract receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts and  
contract adjustments of $6,126,854 and $5,592,800, respectively

Deferred income taxes

Income tax receivable

Other current assets

Total current assets

Property, building and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of  
$28,615,915 and $24,569,139, respectively

Deferred income taxes

Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable

Line of credit

Accrued payroll costs

Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations

Billings in excess of revenue

Other accrued liabilities

Total current liabilities

Income taxes payable

Deferred income taxes

Long-term debt and capital lease obligations

Commitments and contingencies (Note 18)

Shareholders’ equity:

 Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share  

(2,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued)

Class A common stock, par value $.01 per share  

(6,000,000 shares authorized; 2,685,151 shares issued)

Class B common stock, par value $.01 per share;  

(10,000,000 shares authorized; 1,708,574 shares issued)

Capital in excess of par value

Retained earnings

Accumulated other comprehensive income

Treasury stock, at cost (Class A common: 40,553 and 79,110 shares,  

respectively; Class B common: 64,801 shares)

Total Ecology and Environment, Inc., shareholders’ equity

Noncontrolling interests

Total shareholders’ equity

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

20

Balance at July 31,

2014

2013

 $  6,889,243 

$  9,444,660

 1,407,277 

1,463,864

 44,431,305 

47,134,007

 4,534,437 

 1,107,983 

 1,589,646 

4,308,538

4,355,260

1,784,826

 59,959,891 

68,491,155

 7,941,455 

 1,865,798 

 1,941,178 

10,122,801

1,089,060

1,978,668

 $71,708,322  

 $81,681,684 

 $9,874,649 

 $  9,864,138 

 1,572,466 

 7,650,077 

 420,737 

 5,003,413 

 4,235,262 

 6,528,691 

 7,102,910 

 199,658 

 6,437,730 

 4,070,073 

 28,756,604 

34,203,200

 107,035 

 631,083 

 421,769 

—

—

 124,793 

 462,787 

 251,614 

—

—

 26,851 

 26,851 

 17,087 

 17,087 

 17,124,339 

 20,016,873 

 21,916,575 

 25,365,853 

 (182,735)

 (84,527)

 (1,223,899)

 (1,798,233)

 37,678,218 

 43,543,904 

 4,113,613 

3,095,386

 41,791,831 

46,639,290

 $71,708,322 

 $81,681,684 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

Consolidated Statements of Operations

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,
2013

2014

2012

Revenue, net

 $128,426,876 

$134,936,891 

$155,410,099

Cost of professional services and other direct operating expenses

 45,165,033 

 49,754,617 

55,632,281

Subcontract costs

 25,113,063 

 25,041,431 

32,315,179

Administrative and indirect operating expenses

 41,464,204 

 44,563,873 

44,917,631

Marketing and related costs

Depreciation and amortization

(Loss) Income from operations

Interest income

Interest expense

 13,016,134 

 14,046,177 

15,601,112

 4,175,801 

 2,428,844 

2,160,062

 (507,359)

 (898,051)

4,783,834

 154,441 

 244,191 

174,743

 (150,315)

 (303,403)

(364,305)

Other income (expense) 

 67,587 

 (40,127)

206,813

Gain on sale of assets and investment securities

 13,045 

 80,415 

—

Net foreign exchange loss

 (24,789)

 (50,839)

(403,419)

(Loss) Income before income tax provision

 (447,390)

 (967,814)

4,397,666

Income tax provision

Net (loss) income

 343,063 

 254,234

1,357,916

 $     (790,453)

$  (1,222,048)

$    3,039,750

Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest

 (592,203)

 (908,386)

(2,266,171)

Net (loss) income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc.

 $  (1,382,656)

 $  (2,130,434)

$       773,579

Net (loss) income per common share: basic and diluted

$           (0.32)

 $           (0.50)

$             0.18

Weighted average common shares outstanding: basic and diluted

 $    4,283,984

 $    4,247,821 

$    4,233,883

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

21

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive (loss) income

Net (loss) income including noncontrolling interests

Foreign currency translation adjustments

Unrealized investment gains, net

Comprehensive (loss) income

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2014 

2013

2012

$  (790,453)

 $(1,222,048)

$ 3,039,750 

(298,200)

(883,865)

(708,489)

1,412 

(28,675)

17,597 

(1,087,241)

(2,134,588)

2,348,858 

Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests

(457,916)

(792,215)

(2,390,626)

Comprehensive loss attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc.

$(1,545,157) 

$(2,926,803)

 $    (41,768)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

22

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net (loss) income

Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

Impairment of long-lived assets

Depreciation and amortization

(Provision) benefit for deferred income taxes

Share based compensation expense

Tax impact of share-based compensation

Gain on sale of assets and investment securities

Provision for contract adjustments and doubtful accounts

Bad debt expense

Decrease (increase) in:

- contract receivables

- other current assets

- income tax receivable

- other non-current assets

(Decrease) increase in:

- accounts payable

- accrued payroll costs

- income taxes payable

- billings in excess of revenue

- other accrued liabilities

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities:

Acquisition of noncontrolling interest of subsidiaries

Purchase of property, building and equipment

Proceeds from sale of investments 

Sale (purchase) of investment securities

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities:

Dividends paid

Proceeds from debt

Repayment of debt and capital lease obligations

Net (repayments of) borrowings under of lines of credit

Distributions to noncontrolling interests

Proceeds from sale of subsidiary shares to noncontrolling interests

Purchase of treasury stock

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Cash paid during the period for:

     - Interest

     - Income Taxes

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash items:

Dividends declared and not paid

Acquistion of noncontrolling interest of subsidiaries (loans and stock)

Change in accounts payable due to equipment purchases

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,
2013

2014

2012

 $(790,453)

 $(1,222,048)

$  3,039,750

 —   

 846,000 

—

 4,175,801 

  2,428,844  

2,160,062

 (817,896)

 353,295 

 (31,695)

 (13,045)

 173,967 

 90,087 

  203,165  

 507,796 

 (74,429)

 (80,415)

113,717

731,583

105,988

—

 6,319,650 

1,635,311

 (287,426)

689,657

 1,855,027 

 7,228,782 

(2,287,607)

 192,013 

 (97,563)

314,587

 3,247,277 

 (1,832,096)

(2,502,431)

 29,656 

 6,951 

31,973

 23,739 

 630,156 

 (41,155)

 (628,189)

 (172,087)

 (69,230)

 (1,419,481)

 (1,430,143)

 445,505 

 295,562 

 8,102,798 

 11,943,124 

(1,859,530)

(1,458,928)

(1,375,614)

1,237,329

(936,135)

(360,288)

 (689,361)

 (595,556)

(908,892)

 (1,964,663)

 (1,845,241)

(4,727,033)

—

 1,554,425 

 52,675 

 (1,671,284)

 138,141 

 (35,614)

 (2,601,349)

 (2,557,656)

(5,533,398)

 (2,053,506)

 (2,037,323)

(2,046,657)

 544,027 

 (710,009)

 255,487 

 (853,127)

 (4,956,225)

 (5,782,992)

 (664,703)

 (1,532,912)

—

 (173,278)

—

—

 (8,013,694)

 (9,950,867)

 (43,172)

 (457,711)

 (2,555,417)

 (1,023,110)

 9,444,660 

 10,467,770 

145,401

(974,644)

12,309,335

(1,123,896)

41,634

(363,050)

7,988,123

(156,509)

1,937,928

8,529,842

 $6,889,243 

 $  9,444,660 

$10,467,770

 $145,880 

 $     301,154 

 $     395,146 

 (2,303,231)

 1,596,760 

 6,510,514 

 1,033,071 

 1,072,944 

—

 1,018,783 

 1,028,881 

 212,401 

 670,678 

 795,856 

 (283,071)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

23

 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

Common Stock

Class

Shares

Amount

Capital in Excess 
of Par Value

Retained 
Earnings

Accumulated Other
Comprehensive 
Income (loss)

        Treasury Stock

     Shares

       Amount

Noncontrolling 
Interests

Balance at July 31, 2011

A

B

  2,685,151  

 $26,851 

 1,708,574 

 $17,087 

}

 $19,983,029  

 $30,797,763 

  $1,527,189  

  190,724  

  $(2,317,515)

  $3,923,429  

—

—

  773,579  

—

—

 (871,476)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—   (2,036,559)

—

—

  (716,662)

731,583

 105,988

—

—

 (351,946)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

  22,825  

  (363,050)

 (62,099)

  716,662  

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2,266,171 

 124,455 

—

—

—

—

—

—

 41,634

(1,123,896)

—

 17,597 

—

—

—

—

—

—

 38,532 

—

 (5,208)

  3,289  

  66,871 

 (619,775)

—

—

A

B

 2,685,151 

 $26,851 

    1,708,574   

 $17,087 

}

 $19,751,992 

  $29,534,783 

 $711,842 

 149,531 

  $(1,897,032)

 $4,612,018  

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

  507,796  

 (74,429)

—

 (168,486)

—

 (2,130,434)

—

—

 (790,464)

 (2,038,496)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 (28,675) 

—

—

—

 22,770  

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

  908,386  

  (116,171) 

—

—

—

—

 (1,532,912)

 (7,804)

  2,184  

  98,799  

 (775,935)

  — 

—

A

B

  2,685,151 

 $26,851 

 1,708,574 

 $17,087 

}

 $20,016,873 

  $25,365,853  

  $(84,527)

 143,911 

  $(1,798,233)

  $3,095,386 

 (1,382,656)

—

—

 (163,913)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 (194,454)

353,295

 (31,695) 

—

(2,414,027)

 (605,653)

—

 (2,066,622)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 16,091 

 (173,278)

  (16,387) 

194,454

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 592,203 

 (134,287)

—

—

—

—

—

—

(664,703)

 2,381,666

—

 1,412 

—

—

—

—

—

—

 64,293 

 (44,260)

 553,158 

 (1,156,652)

—

 5,999 

—

—

A 
B

 2,685,151 
 1,708,574 

$26,851 
 $17,087 

}

  $17,124,339  

  $21,916,575  

  $(182,735)

  105,354  

  $(1,223,899)

  $4,113,613  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

Net income

Foreign currency translation adjustment

Cash dividends paid ($0.48 per share)

Unrealized investment gain, net

Repurchase of Class A common stock

Issuance of stock under stock award plan

Share-based compensation expense

Tax impact of share based compensation

Sale of subsidiary shares to noncontrolling interests

Distributions to noncontrolling interests

Purchase of additional noncontrolling interests

Stock award plan forfeitures

Balance at July 31, 2012

Net (loss) income

Foreign currency translation adjustment

Cash dividends paid ($0.48 per share)

Unrealized investment loss, net

Share-based compensation expense

Tax impact of share based compensation

Distributions to noncontrolling interests

Purchase of additional noncontrolling interests

Stock award plan forfeitures

Balance at July 31, 2013

Net (loss) Income

Foreign currency translation adjustment

Cash dividends declared ($0.48 per share)

Unrealized investment gain, net

Repurchase of Class A common stock

Issuance of stock under stock award plan

Share-based compensation expense

Tax impact of share based compensation

Distributions to noncontrolling interests

Reclassification adjustment for prior period  
acquisitions of noncontrolling interests

Purchase of additional noncontrolling interests

Stock award plan forfeitures

Balance at July 31, 2014

24

                                       
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
Ecology and Environment, Inc., (“EEI” or the “Parent Company”) 
was incorporated in 1970 as a global broad-based environmental 
consulting firm whose underlying philosophy is to provide 
professional services worldwide so that sustainable economic 
and human development may proceed with acceptable impact 
on the environment.  Together with its subsidiaries (collectively, 
the “Company”), EEI has direct or indirect ownership in 19 wholly 
owned and majority owned operating subsidiaries in 12 countries.  
The Company’s staff is comprised of individuals representing 
more than 80 scientific, engineering, health, and social disciplines 
working together in multidisciplinary teams to provide innovative 
environmental solutions.  The Company has completed more 
than 50,000 projects for a wide variety of clients in more than 
120 countries, providing environmental solutions in nearly every 
ecosystem on the planet.  

and to develop a common revenue standard for use in the U.S and 
internationally.  ASU 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition 
requirements in Topic 605 of FASB’s Accounting Standards 
Codification (the “Codification”) and most industry-specific 
guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification.  ASU 
2014-09 enhances comparability of revenue recognition practices 
across entities, industries, jurisdictions and capital markets, 
reduces the number of requirements an entity must consider for 
recognizing revenue, and requires improved disclosures to help 
users of financial statements better understand the nature, amount, 
timing, and uncertainty of revenue that is recognized.  ASU 2014-09 
is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 
15, 2016, including interim periods within the annual reporting 
period.  The Company intends to implement the provisions of 
ASU 2014-09 effective August 1, 2017.  ASU 2014-09 requires 
either retrospective application by restating each prior period 
presented in the financial statements, or retrospective application 
by recording the cumulative effect on prior reporting periods to 
beginning retained earnings in the year that the standard becomes 
effective.  Management is currently assessing the provisions of ASU 
2014-09 and has not yet estimated the impact of this ASU.

The consolidated financial statements included herein have been 
prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of 
the Securities and Exchange Commission and in accordance with 
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of 
America.  The financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, 
in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of 
such information.  All such adjustments are of a normal recurring 
nature.  Certain prior year amounts were reclassified to conform to 
the consolidated financial statement presentation for the fiscal year 
ended July 31, 2014.

2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted  
as of July 31, 2014
In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) 
issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2013-11 Income 
Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit 
When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax 
Credit Carryforward Exists (“ASU 2013-11”).  ASU 2013-11 requires 
that an unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized 
tax benefit, should be presented in the financial statements 
as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss 
carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward, except 
as follows.  To the extent a net operating loss carryforward, a similar 
tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward is not available at the reporting 
date under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction to settle any 
additional income taxes that would result from the disallowance 
of a tax position or the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction does 
not require the entity to use, and the entity does not intend to 
use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose, the unrecognized 
tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a 
liability and should not be combined with deferred tax assets. The 
Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2013-11 effective August 
1, 2014 and applied its provisions retrospectively.  The adoption 
of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s 
consolidated financial statements. 

In May 2014, FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts 
with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”).  ASU 2014-09 is the 
result of a joint project of FASB and the International Accounting 
Standards Board to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue 

3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of 
the EEI and its wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries.  All 
intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with 
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States 
of America requires management to make estimates and 
assumptions as of the date of the financial statements, which 
affect the reported values of assets and liabilities and revenues and 
expenses and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities.  Actual 
results may differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition and Contract Receivables, Net
Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is derived from 
environmental consulting work.  The consulting revenue is 
principally derived from the sale of labor hours.  The consulting 
work is performed under a mix of fixed price, cost-type, and time 
and material contracts.  Contracts are required from all customers.  
Revenue is recognized as follows:

Contract Type

Work Type

Revenue Recognition Policy

Time and  
Materials

Consulting

As incurred at contract rates.

Fixed Price

Consulting

Cost-plus

Consulting

Percentage of completion, 
approximating the ratio of either 
total costs or Level of Effort (LOE) 
hours incurred to date to total 
estimated costs or LOE hours. 

Costs as incurred plus fees.  
Fees are recognized as revenue 
using percentage of completion 
determined by the percentage of 
LOE hours incurred to total LOE 
hours in the respective contracts.

25

 
 
Revenues reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of 
operations represent services rendered for which the Company 
maintains a primary contractual relationship with its customers.  
Included in revenues are certain services outside the Company’s 
normal operations which the Company has elected to subcontract 
to other contractors.

Time and material contracts are accounted for over the period 
of performance, in proportion to the costs of performance, 
predominately based on labor hours incurred.  Revenue earned 
from fixed price and cost-plus contracts is recognized using 
the “percentage-of-completion” method, wherein revenue is 
recognized as project progress occurs.  If an estimate of costs at 
completion on any contract indicates that a loss will be incurred, 
the entire estimated loss is charged to operations in the period the 
loss becomes evident.

Substantially all of the Company’s cost-type work is with federal 
governmental agencies and, as such, is subject to audits after 
contract completion.  Under these cost-type contracts, provisions 
for adjustments to accrued revenue are recognized on a quarterly 
basis and based on past audit settlement history.  Government 
audits have been completed and final rates have been negotiated 
through fiscal year 2007.  The Company records an allowance 
for project disallowances in other accrued liabilities for potential 
disallowances resulting from government audits (refer to Note 11 
of these consolidated financial statements).

Change orders can occur when changes in scope are made 
after project work has begun, and can be initiated by either the 
Company or its clients.  Claims are amounts in excess of the agreed 
contract price which the Company seeks to recover from a client 
for customer delays and /or errors or unapproved change orders 
that are in dispute.  Costs related to change orders and claims are 
recognized as incurred.  Revenues and profit are recognized on 
change orders when it is probable that the change order will be 
approved and the amount can be reasonably estimated.  Revenues 
are recognized only up to the amount of costs incurred on contract 
claims when realization is probable, estimable and reasonable 
support from the customer exists.

All bid and proposal and other pre-contract costs are expensed 
as incurred.  Out of pocket expenses such as travel, meals, field 
supplies, and other costs billed direct to contracts are included 
in both revenues and cost of professional services.  Sales and 
cost of sales at the Company’s South American subsidiaries 
exclude tax assessments by governmental authorities, which are 
collected by the Company from its customers and then remitted to 
governmental authorities.

Billed contract receivables represent amounts billed to clients in 
accordance with contracted terms, which have not been collected 
from clients as of the end of the reporting period.  Billed contract 
receivables may include: (1) amounts billed for revenues from 
incurred costs and fees that have been earned in accordance with 
contractual terms; and (2) progress billings in accordance with 
contractual terms that include revenue not yet earned as of the 
end of the reporting period.

Unbilled contract receivables result from: (i) revenues from incurred 
costs and fees which have been earned, but are not billed as of 
period-end; and (ii) differences between year-to-date provisional 
billings and year-to-date actual contract costs incurred.  

The Company reduces contract receivables by recording an 
allowance for doubtful accounts to account for the estimated 

26

impact of collection issues resulting from a client’s inability or 
unwillingness to pay valid obligations to the Company.  The 
resulting provision for bad debts is recorded within administrative 
and indirect operating expenses on the consolidated statements of 
operations.

The Company also reduces contract receivables by establishing 
an allowance for contract adjustments related to revenues that 
are deemed to be unrealizable, or that may become unrealizable 
in the future.  Management reviews contract receivables and 
determines allowance amounts based on the adequacy of the 
Company’s performance under the contract, the status of change 
orders and claims, historical experience with the client for settling 
change orders and claims, and economic, geopolitical and cultural 
considerations for the home country of the client.  Such contract 
adjustments are recorded as direct adjustments to revenue in the 
consolidated statements of operations.  

Investment Securities Available for Sale
Investment securities have been classified as available for sale 
and are stated at fair value.  Unrealized gains or losses related to 
investment securities available for sale are recorded in accumulated 
other comprehensive income, net of applicable income taxes in 
the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and consolidated 
statements of changes in shareholders’ equity.  The cost basis of 
securities sold is based on the specific identification method.  

Property, Building and Equipment, Depreciation 
and Amortization
Property, building and equipment are stated at the lower of 
depreciated or amortized cost or fair value.  Land and land 
improvements are not depreciated or amortized.  Methods of 
depreciation or amortization and useful lives for all other long-lived 
assets are summarized in the following table.

                      Depreciation/Amortization Method Useful Lives

Buildings

Building 
Improvements

Straight-line

Straight-line

32-40 Years

7-15 Years

Field Equipment

Straight-line

3-7 Years

Computer equipment

Straight-line and Accelerated

3-7 Years

Computer software

Office furniture and 
equipment

Vehicles

Leasehold 
improvements

Straight-line

Straight-line

Straight-line

Straight-line

10 Years

3-7 Years

3-5 Years

(1)

(1) Leasehold improvements are amortized for book purposes over the terms of the 
leases or the estimated useful lives of the assets, whichever is shorter. 

Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense 
as incurred.  Expenditures for improvements are capitalized 
when either the value or useful life of the related asset have been 
increased.  When property or equipment is retired or sold, any gain 
or loss on the transaction is reflected in the current year’s earnings.

The Company capitalizes costs of software acquisition and 
development projects, including costs related to software design, 
configuration, coding, installation, testing and parallel processing. 
Capitalized software costs are recorded in fixed assets, net of 
accumulated amortization, on the consolidated balance sheets. 
Capitalized software development costs generally include:

• external direct costs of materials and services consumed to 
obtain or develop software for internal use;

• payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are 
directly associated with and who devote time to the project, 
to the extent of time spent directly on the project;

• costs to obtain or develop software that allows for access or 
conversion of old data by new systems;

• costs of upgrades and/or enhancements that result in 
additional functionality for existing software; and

• interest costs incurred while developing internal-use software 
that could have been avoided if the expenditures had not 
been made.

The costs of computer software obtained or developed for internal 
use is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful 
life of the software.  Amortization begins when the software and 
all related software modules on which it is functionally dependent 
are ready for their intended use.  Amortization expense is recorded 
in depreciation and amortization in the consolidated statements of 
operations.  The Company’s amortization period does not exceed 
ten years for any capitalized software project.

The following software-related costs are generally expensed as 
incurred and recorded in general and administrative expenses on 
the consolidated statements of operations:

• research costs, such as costs related to the determination 
of needed technology and the formulation, evaluation and 
selection of alternatives;

• costs to determine system performance requirements for a 
proposed software project;

• costs of selecting a vendor for acquired software;

• costs of selecting a consultant to assist in the development 
or installation of new software;

• internal or external training costs related to software;

• internal or external maintenance costs related to software;

• costs associated with the process of converting data from old 
to new systems, including purging or cleansing existing data, 
reconciling or balancing of data in the old and new systems 
and creation of new data;

• updates and minor modifications; and

• fees paid for general systems consulting and overall 
control reviews that are not directly associated with the 
development of software.

Capitalized software costs are evaluated for recoverability/
impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate 
that its carrying amount may not be recoverable, including when:

• existing software is not expected to provide future service 
potential;

• it is no longer probable that software under development 
will be completed and placed in service; and

• costs of developing or modifying internal-use software 
significantly exceed expected development costs or costs of 
comparable third-party software.

Refer to Note 7 of these consolidated financial statements for 
additional disclosures regarding the Company’s property, building 
and equipment.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company’s financial assets or liabilities are measured using 
inputs from the three levels of the fair value hierarchy.  The asset’s 
or liability’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based 
on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value 
measurement.  Valuation techniques used need to maximize the 
use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable 
inputs.  The Company has not elected a fair value option on any 
assets or liabilities. The three levels of the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that 
are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted 
assets or liabilities. Generally this includes debt and equity 
securities and derivative contracts that are traded on an active 
exchange market (e.g., New York Stock Exchange) as well as certain 
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government and agency mortgage-backed 
securities that are highly liquid and are actively traded in over-the-
counter markets.  

Level 2 Inputs – Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in 
active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or 
liabilities in inactive markets; or valuations based on models where 
the significant inputs are observable (e.g., interest rates, yield 
curves, credit risks, etc.) or can be corroborated by observable 
market data.  The Company’s investment securities classified as 
Level 2 are comprised of international and domestic corporate and 
municipal bonds.

Level 3 Inputs – Valuations based on models where significant 
inputs are not observable.  The unobservable inputs reflect the 
Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market 
participants would use.

The availability of observable market data is monitored to assess 
the appropriate classification of financial instruments within the 
fair value hierarchy.  Changes in economic conditions or model-
based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial 
instruments from one fair value level to another.  In such instances, 
the transfer is reported at the beginning of the reporting period.  

Refer to Note 5 of these consolidated financial statements for 
additional disclosures regarding the fair value of the Company’s 
financial instruments.

Goodwill
Goodwill of $1.2 million is included in other assets on the 
accompanying consolidated balance sheets.  Goodwill is subject 
to an annual assessment for impairment by comparing the 
estimated fair values of reporting units to which Goodwill has 
been assigned, as calculated using a discounted cash flow method, 
to the recorded book value of the respective reporting units.  
The Company’s most recent annual impairment assessment for 
goodwill was completed during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 
2014.  The results of this assessment showed that the fair values of 
the reporting units to which goodwill is assigned was in excess of 
the book values of the respective reporting units, resulting in the 
identification of no goodwill impairment. 

Goodwill is also assessed for impairment between annual 
assessments whenever events or circumstances make it more likely 
than not that an impairment may have occurred.  The Company 
identified no events or changes in circumstances during the 
fiscal year ended July 31, 2014 that necessitated an evaluation for 
impairment of goodwill.

27

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company assesses recoverability of the carrying value of long-
lived assets by estimating the future net cash flows (undiscounted) 
expected to result from the asset, including eventual disposition.  
If the future net cash flows are less than the carrying value of 
the asset, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the difference 
between the asset’s carrying value and fair value.  

Foreign Currencies
The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries where the local 
currency is the functional currency are translated into U.S. dollars 
using exchange rates in effect at period end for assets and liabilities 
and average exchange rates during each reporting period for results 
of operations.  Translation adjustments are deferred in accumulated 
other comprehensive income.  Transaction gains and losses that 
arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated 
in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the 
results of operations as incurred.  The Company recorded foreign 
currency transaction (losses) gains of less than $(0.1) million, $(0.1) 
million and $(0.4) million for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2014, 
2013 and 2012, respectively.

The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries located in highly 
inflationary economies are remeasured as if the functional currency 
were the U.S. dollar.  The remeasurement of local currencies into 
U.S. dollars creates transaction adjustments which are included in 
net income.  The Company did not record any highly inflationary 
economy translation adjustments for the fiscal years ended July 31, 
2014, 2013 or 2012.

Income Taxes
The Company follows the asset and liability approach to account for 
income taxes.  This approach requires the recognition of deferred 
tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences 
of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and 
the tax bases of assets and liabilities.  Although realization is not 
assured, management believes it is more likely than not that the 
recorded net deferred tax assets will be realized.  Since in some 
cases management has utilized estimates, the amount of the net 
deferred tax asset considered realizable could be reduced in the 
near term.  No provision has been made for United States income 
taxes applicable to undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries 
as it is the intention of the Company to indefinitely reinvest those 
earnings in the operations of those entities.

Income tax expense includes U.S. and international income taxes, 
determined using the applicable statutory rates.  A deferred tax 
liability is recognized for all taxable temporary differences, and 
a deferred tax asset is recognized for all deductible temporary 
differences and net operating loss carryforwards.

The Company has significant deferred tax assets, resulting 
principally from contract reserves and accrued expenses.  The 
Company periodically evaluates the likelihood of realization of 
deferred tax assets, and provides for a valuation allowance when 
necessary.

Additionally, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) 
Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic Income Taxes, 
prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement principles for 
financial statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to 
be taken on a tax return.   A tax position is a position in a previously 
filed tax return or a position expected to be taken in a future tax 
filing that is reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax 

28

assets and liabilities.  Tax positions shall be recognized only when 
it is more likely than not (likelihood of greater than 50%), based on 
technical merits, that the position will be sustained. Tax positions 
that meet the more likely than not threshold should be measured 
using a probability weighted approach as the largest amount 
of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized 
upon settlement. Whether the more-likely-than-not recognition 
threshold is met for a tax position, is a matter of judgment based on 
the individual facts and circumstances of that position evaluated 
in light of all available evidence.  The Company recognizes interest 
accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense 
and penalties in administrative and indirect operating expenses.

Refer to Note 10 of these consolidated financial statements for 
additional disclosures regarding income taxes.

Defined Contribution Plans
EEI has a non-contributory defined contribution plan providing 
deferred benefits for substantially all of its employees.  The annual 
expense of the defined contribution plan is based on a percentage 
of eligible wages as authorized by EEI’s Board of Directors.  

Walsh Environmental Scientists & Engineers, LLC (“Walsh”), a wholly-
owned subsidiary of EEI, has a defined contribution plan providing 
deferred benefits for substantially all of its employees.  Walsh 
contributes a percentage of eligible wages up to a maximum of 4%.

Refer to Note 15 of these consolidated financial statements 
for additional disclosures regarding the Company’s defined 
contribution plans.

Stock-Based Compensation
The company expenses the value of employee stock awards over 
the vesting period of the respective award.  Share-based awards 
are measured at fair value on the respective grant date, based 
on the estimated number of awards that are expected to vest.  
Compensation cost for awards that vest is not reversed if the 
awards expire without being exercised.  

Refer to Note 12 of these consolidated financial statements for 
additional disclosures regarding the Company’s stock-based 
compensation plans.

Earnings per Share
Basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing 
income available to common shareholders by the weighted 
average number of common shares outstanding for the reporting 
period.  The Company allocates undistributed earnings between 
the classes on a one-to-one basis when computing EPS.  As a result, 
basic and fully diluted earnings per Class A and Class B shares are 
equal amounts.  Refer to Note 16 of these consolidated financial 
statements for additional disclosures regarding EPS.

Comprehensive (Loss) Income  
Comprehensive (loss) income is defined as “the change in equity 
of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and 
other events and circumstances from non-owner sources.”  
Comprehensive (loss) income includes total net earnings plus 
other comprehensive (loss) income during a reporting period.  
Other comprehensive (loss) income includes currency translation 
adjustments on foreign subsidiaries and unrealized gains or losses 
on available-for-sale securities.  

 4. Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased 
with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.  
The Company invests cash in excess of operating requirements in 
income-producing short-term investments.  Money market funds 
of $0.3 million and $1.5 million were included in cash and cash 
equivalents in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets 
and consolidated statements of cash flows at July 31, 2014 and 
2013, respectively.  Bank overdrafts of $0.7 million were classified as 
accounts payable at July 31, 2013.

5.  Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities that are 
measured at fair value on a recurring basis is summarized by level 
within the fair value hierarchy in the following table.

Assets

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

Balance at July 31, 2014:

Investment  
securities available 
for sale

$1,407,277

$ —

$ — $1,407,277

Balance at July 31, 2013:

Investment  
securities available 
for sale

 $1,463,864

$ —

$ — $1,463,864

Investment securities available for sale includes mutual funds 
are valued at the net asset value of shares (“NAV”) held by the 
Company at period end.  Mutual funds held by the Company are 
open-end mutual funds that are registered with the Securities 
and Exchange Commission.  These funds are required to publish 
their daily NAV and to transact at that price, and are deemed to be 
actively traded.  Reclassification adjustments out of accumulated 
other comprehensive (loss) income resulting from realized gains 
or losses from the sale of investment securities available for sale 
are included in gain on sale of assets and investment securities on 
the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.  The 
Company recorded gross unrealized gains of less than $0.1 million 
related to these funds in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) 
income at July 31, 2014 and 2013.

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximated 
fair value at July 31, 2014 and 2013.  These assets were classified as 
level 1 instruments at both dates.  

Long-term debt consists of bank loans and capitalized equipment 
leases.  Lines of credit consist of borrowings for working capital 
requirements.  Based on the Company’s assessment of the current 
financial market and corresponding risks associated with the 
debt and line of credit borrowings, management believes that 
the carrying amount of these liabilities approximated fair value at 
July 31, 2014 and 2013.  These liabilities were classified as level 2 
instruments at both dates.  

There were no financial instruments classified as level 3 at July 31, 
2014 or 2013.

6. Contract Receivables, net
Contract receivables, net are summarized in the following table.

                                                             Balance at July 31,

Contract Receivables:  

Billed

Unbilled

2014

2013

$26,863,708

$36,284,950

23,694,451

16,441,857

50,558,159

52,726,807

Allowance for doubtful accounts and 
contract adjustments

(6,126,854)

(5,592,800)

Contract receivables, net  

$44,431,305

$47,134,007

Billed contract receivables did not include any contractual retainage 
balances at July 31, 2014 or 2013.  Management anticipates that the 
July 31, 2014 unbilled receivables will be substantially billed and 
collected within one year.  

Contract Receivable Concentrations
Significant concentrations of contract receivables and the 
allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments are 
summarized in the following table.

                                                             Balance at July 31, 2014

Region

United States, Canada and  
South America

Allowance 
for Doubtful 
Accounts 
and Contract 
Adjustments

Contract
Receivables

$43,394,442

$1,611,068

Middle East and Africa

7,010,225

4,386,240

Asia

Totals

153,492

129,546

$50,558,159

$6,126,068

                                                             Balance at July 31, 2013

Region

United States, Canada and  
South America

Allowance 
for Doubtful 
Accounts 
and Contract 
Adjustments

Contract
Receivables

$41,302,180

$ 1,576,746

Middle East and Africa

10,876,151

3,886,508

Asia

Totals

548,476

129,546

$52,726,807

$ 5,592,800

Combined contract receivables related to projects in the Middle 
East, Africa and Asia represented 14% and 22% of total contract 
receivables at July 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, while the 
combined allowance for doubtful accounts and contract 
adjustments related to these projects represented 74% and 72%, 
respectively, of the total allowance for doubtful accounts and 
contract adjustments at those same period end dates.  These 

29

 
 
allowance percentages highlight the Company’s experience of 
heightened operating risks (i.e., political, regulatory and cultural 
risks) within these foreign regions in comparison with similar risks 
in the United States, Canada and South America.  These heightened 
operating risks have resulted in increased collection risks and the 
Company expending resources that it may not recover for several 
months, or at all.  

Middle East and Africa
During fiscal year 2014, the Company collected $4.1 million of cash 
related to aged receivables in the Middle East and Africa.  However, 
the Company also recorded net increases of $0.5 million to the 
allowance for contract adjustments due mainly to continued issues 
with a specific problem project in the Middle East.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Contract 
Adjustments
Activity within the allowance for doubtful accounts and contract 
adjustments is summarized in the following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2014

2013     

2012

$5,592,800 $10,238,391 $  6,755,087

Balance at beginning of 
period

Net increase (decrease)
due to adjustments in the  
allowance for:

 Contract adjustments (1)

473,967

6,319,650

1,635,311

 Doubtful accounts (2)

90,087

(287,426)

689,657

Transfer of reserves (to) 
from allowance for 
project disallowances (3)

Specific write-off of 
contract receivables and 
reserves during the 
period (4)

(30,000)

61,123

1,158,336

— (10,738,938)

—

Balance at end of period

$  6,126,854 $  5,592,800 $10,238,391

(1) Increases (decreases) to the allowance for contract adjustments on the consolidated 
balance sheets are also recorded as (decreases) increases to revenue on the 
consolidated statements of operations.

(2) Increases (decreases) to the allowance for doubtful accounts on the consolidated 
balance sheets are also recorded as increases (decreases) to administrative and other 
indirect operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.

(3) The allowance for project disallowances is included in other accrued liabilities on 
the consolidated balance sheets.  Refer to Note 11 of these consolidated financial 
statements.

(4) Approximately $7.3 million of contract receivables related to projects in China 
and $3.4 million of contract receivables from projects in the Middle East and Africa 
were fully reserved and written off during the last quarter of fiscal year 2013, resulting 
in corresponding decreases in contract receivables and the allowance for contract 
adjustments during fiscal year 2013.

7. Property, Building and Equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment is summarized in the following 
table.

                                                             Balance at July 31,

2014

2013

Land and land improvements

$     393,051 $     393,051

Buildings and building improvements

12,231,788

12,231,788

Field Equipment

Computer equipment

Computer software

3,273,725

3,128,859

9,128,027

8,931,030

5,030,472

3,617,527

Office furniture and equipment

4,095,659

4,023,004

Vehicles

Other

Accumulated depreciation and 
amortization.

1,658,273

1,548,901

746,375

817,780

36,557,370

34,691,940

(28,615,915)

(24,569,139)

Property, building and equipment, net  $  7,941,455 $10,122,801

During fiscal years 2012 and 2013, the Company acquired and 
developed a new operating and financial software system for 
use by EEI and its U.S. and foreign subsidiaries.  Through July 31, 
2013, the Company capitalized $4.1 million of expenditures for 
the acquisition and development of this system, which was being 
amortized over a 10 year useful life.  During the quarter ended July 
31, 2013, management assessed the utility and effectiveness of 
various modules included in the software package, and determined 
that certain software modules do not meet the needs of users that 
rely on the system and will not provide any future service potential.  
As a result, the Company recorded a software impairment charge 
of $0.8 million during the three months ended July 31, 2013, which 
was included in administrative and indirect operating expenses on 
the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

In November 2013, after an extensive assessment process, 
management decided to abandon the Company’s existing 
operating and financial software system and migrate to new system 
software.  The Company acquired and developed the new software 
during fiscal year 2014, and began utilizing the new software 
effective August 1, 2014 for the Company’s U.S. operations.  The 
process to evaluate, select and develop new operating and financial 
software systems for the Company’s significant foreign operations 
is expected to be completed in January 2015.  The Company 
recorded software development costs of $1.4 million in property, 
plant and equipment during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2014.  

The Company continued to utilize the previous software system 
through July 31, 2014, at which time the previous system was 
abandoned.  As a result, amortization of software development 
costs capitalized for the previous system was accelerated so that 
the system was completely amortized by July 31, 2014.  Total 
software amortization expense was $2.6 million, $0.4 million, and 
$0.2 million for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, 
respectively.

30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. Lines of Credit
Unsecured lines of credit are summarized in the following table.

                                                             Balance at July 31,

The income tax provision is summarized in the following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2014

2013     

2012

2014

2013

Current:

Outstanding cash draws, recorded as 
lines of credit on the accompanying 
consolidated balance sheets

Outstanding letters of credit to support 
operations

     Federal

$    86,062

$(985,865)

$ (175,203)

$  1,572,466

$  6,528,691

     State

62,761

     Foreign

1,012,136

181,434

855,500

1,944,994

3,080,938

Total current

1,160,959

    51,069

(232,800)

1,652,202

1,244,199

Total amounts used under lines of credit

3,517,460

9,609,629

Deferred:

     Federal

(975,519)

  200,197

   509,161

     State

24,138

(178,438)

     Foreign

133,485

181,406

Total deferred

(817,896)

  203,165

(35,273)

(360,171)

   113,717

Total income tax 
provsion

$  343,063

$  254,234

$1,357,916 

A reconciliation of the income tax provision using the statutory 
U.S. income tax rate compared with the actual income tax 
provision reported on the consolidated statements of operations is 
summarized in the following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2014

2013     

2012

Income tax (benefit) provision 
at the U.S. federal statutory 
income tax rate

Income from “pass-through” 
entities taxable to  
noncontrolling partners

$ (152,113) $(329,057)

$1,495,206

35,309 (102,933)

(255,065)

International rate differences

(143,493)

(197,217)

(329,825)

Other foreign taxes, net of 
federal benefit

(34,419)

94,528

211,088

Foreign dividend income

596,631

481,287

329,825

State taxes, net of federal 
benefit

Re-evaluation and settlements 
of tax contingencies

27,739

3,871

13,193

(19,533)

(58,105)

(180,304)

Peru non-deductible expenses

44,077

173,707

211,000

Canada valuation allowance

(83,257)

130,950

—

Other permanent differences

72,122

57,203

(137,202)  

Income tax provision, as 
reported on the consolidated 
statements of operations

$ 343,063 $  254,234

$1,357,916

Remaining amounts available under 
lines of credit

30,851,540

24,759,371

Total approved unsecured lines of credit   $34,369,000 $34,369,000

Contractual interest rates ranged from 2.50% to 3.00% at July 31, 
2014.  The Company’s lenders have reaffirmed the lines of credit 
within the past twelve months.

9. Debt and Capital Lease Obligations
Debt and capital lease obligations are summarized in the following 
table.

                                                             Balance at July 31,

Various loans and advances at interest 
rates ranging from 3.25% to 14%

Capital lease obligations at varying 
interest rates averaging 11%

Current portion of long-term debt and 
capital lease obligations 

Long-term debt and capital lease 
obligations

2014

2013

$  676,874

$  276,934

165,632

174,338

842,506

451,272

(420,737)

(199,658)

$  421,769

$  251,614

The aggregate maturities of long-term debt and capital lease 
obligations as of July 31, 2014 are summarized in the following 
table.

August 2014 – July 2015

$420,737

August 2015 – July 2016

August 2016 – July 2017

August 2017 – July 2018

Thereafter

375,724

 35,697

10,348

—

Total

$842,506

10. Income Taxes
Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision (benefit) 
for income taxes and noncontrolling interest is summarized in the 
following table.

Domestic

Foreign

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2014

2013     

2012

$(4,305,768)

$(3,055,338)

$ (993,959)

3,858,378

2,087,524

5,391,625

$   (447,390)

$   (967,814) 

$4,397,666

31

 
 
 
 
 
Company’s operations in Chile, Peru and Ecuador had $5.4 million 
of undistributed earnings that were indefinitely reinvested in those 
operations. 

The Company files numerous consolidated and separate income 
tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in many state and 
foreign jurisdictions.  During fiscal year 2013, the IRS completed 
the examination of fiscal year 2010 and 2011 income tax returns, 
which were settled without material adjustment.  The Company’s 
tax matters for the fiscal years 2012, 2013 and 2014 remain subject 
to examination by the IRS.  During fiscal year 2012, the Company 
was audited by New York State for fiscal years 2008 through 2010, 
which resulted in no adjustments.  The Company’s tax matters in 
other material jurisdictions remain subject to examination by the 
respective state, local, and foreign tax jurisdiction authorities.  No 
waivers have been executed that would extend the period subject 
to examination beyond the period prescribed by statute.

During the fiscal year ended July 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company 
generated operating losses in the U.S. of $1.7 million and $3.8 
million, respectively.  The net operating loss from fiscal year 2014 
will be carried forward to future fiscal years.  The net operating loss 
from fiscal year 2013 was carried back to an earlier year and was 
fully utilized.  As of July 31, 2014, net operating losses attributable to 
operations in Brazil, Canada and China and net operating losses for 
state income tax purposes still exist.

At July 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company had $0.1 million 
of gross unrecognized tax benefits (“UTPs”) that if realized, would 
favorably affect the effective income tax rate in future periods.  It 
is reasonably possible that the liability associated with UTPs will 
increase or decrease within the next twelve months.  At this time, 
an estimate of the range of the reasonably possible outcomes 
cannot be made.  The Company’s UTPs are summarized in the 
following table.  

Balance at beginning of period

$ 91,100

$131,300 $530,500

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2014

  2013     

     2012

Additions for tax positions of 
prior years

Reductions for tax positions of 
prior years for:

  —

— 23,100

   - Changes in judgment

—

(23,100)

—

   - Settlements during the 

(17,700)

(29,000)

(422,300)

period

   - Changes in non-controlling 

—

11,900

—

interests

Balance at end of period 

$  73,400

$  91,100 $131,300

The net liability for UTPs and associated interest and penalties 
are included in noncurrent income taxes payable on the 
accompanying consolidated balance sheets.  The Company 
recognized interest and penalties expense of approximately 
$0.1million related to liabilities for UTPs during fiscal years 2014, 
2013 and 2012.  The Company had approximately $0.1 million of 
accrued interest and penalties at July 31, 2014 and 2013.

The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are 
summarized in the following table.

                                     Balane at July 31, 2014

Current

Noncurrent    

Deferred tax assets:

Contract and other reserves

$ 3,409,234

$            —

Accrued compensation and 
expenses

Net operating loss 
carryforwards

Foreign and state income 
taxes

Federal benefit on state 
deferred taxes

Foreign tax credit

Valuation Allowance

Other

1,250,286

378,632

—

—

(184,523)

—

(192,213)

—

1,213,010

54,398

(103,098)

296,326

(206,070)

74,370

Net deferred tax assets

$ 4,282,784

$1,707,568

Deferred tax liabilities:

Fixed assets and intangibles

$              —

$     58,934

Other

251,678

(531,812)

Net deferred tax liabilities

$    251,678

$ (472,878)

                                     Balane at July 31, 2013

Current

Noncurrent    

Deferred tax assets:

Contract and other reserves

$3,273,465

$            —

Accrued compensation and 
expenses

Net operating loss 
carryforwards

Foreign and state income 
taxes

Federal benefit on state 
deferred taxes

Foreign tax credit

Valuation Allowance

Other

1,349,318

476,214

—

—

(183,987)

—

(343,245)

—

613,097

52,375

(110,520)

461,154

(287,751)

89,208

Net deferred tax assets

$4,095,551

$1,293,777

Deferred tax liabilities:

Fixed assets and intangibles

$             —

$ (308,845)

Other

212,987

(358,659)

Net deferred tax liabilities

$   212,987

$ (667,504)

For fiscal years 2014 and 2013, there was no one item that 
significantly impacted the change in the deferred tax assets and 
liabilities.  The Company recorded a valuation allowance of $0.4 
million and $0.6 million at July 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, 
which was primarily related to excess foreign tax credit 
carryforwards, the utilization of which is dependent on future 
foreign source income, and to operating losses in Asia and Canada.

The Company has not recorded income taxes applicable 
to undistributed earnings of all foreign subsidiaries that are 
indefinitely reinvested in those operations.  At July 31, 2014, the 

32

11. Other Accrued Liabilities
Other accrued liabilities are summarized in the following table.

Balance at July 31,

2014

2013     

Allowance for project disallowances

$ 2,393,351

$ 2,663,351

Other

1,841,911

1,406,722

Total other accrued liabilities

$ 4,235,262

$ 4,070,073

The allowance for project disallowances represents potential 
disallowances of amounts billed and collected resulting from 
contract close-outs and government audits.  Allowances for 
project disallowances are recorded when the amounts are 
estimable.  Activity within the allowance for project disallowances is 
summarized in the following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2014

2013     

2012

$ 2,663,351 $ 2,724,474 $ 3,882,810

(300,000)

—

—

30,000

(61,123)

(1,158,336)

$ 2,393,351 $ 2,663,351 $ 2,724,474

Balance at beginning of 
period

Reduction of reserves 
recorded in prior fiscal 
years

Net change due to 
government audits 
during the period, 
recorded as a transfer of 
reserves (to) from 
allowance for doubtful 
accounts and contract 
adjustments

Balance at end of 
period

12. Stock Award Plan
EEI adopted the 1998 Stock Award Plan effective March 16, 1998 
(the “1998 Award Plan”).  The following supplemental plans were 
adopted subsequent to adoption of the 1998 Award Plan:

• The 2003 Stock Award Plan (the “2003 Award Plan”), which was 
adopted by the Board of Directors in October 2004, approved by 
shareholders in January 2004, and terminated in October 2008;

• The 2007 Stock Award Plan (the “2007 Award Plan”), which was 
adopted by the Board of Directors in October 2007, approved 
by shareholders in January 2008, and terminated in October 
2012; and

• The 2011 Stock Award Plan (the “2011 Award Plan”), which was 
adopted by the Board of Directors in October 2011, approved 
by shareholders in January 2012, and will terminate in October 
2016.

The 1998 Award Plan and all supplemental plans are collectively 
referred to as the “Award Plan”.  The Award Plan permits grants of 
the award for a period of five (5) years from the date of adoption 
by the Board of Directors.  The Award Plan is not a qualified plan 
Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code.   

The Company awarded 62,099 Class A shares valued at $0.9 million 
in October 2011 and 16,387 Class A shares valued at $0.2 million 
in July 2013 pursuant to the Award Plan.  These awards have a 
three year vesting period.  Total gross compensation expense is 
recognized over the vesting period.  The Company recorded non-
cash compensation expense of $0.4 million, $0.5 million and $0.7 

million during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, 
respectively, in connection with outstanding stock compensation 
awards.  The Company expects to record less than $0.1 million of 
non-cash compensation expense during the fiscal year ended July 
31, 2015.  The “pool” of excess tax benefits accumulated in Capital in 
Excess of Par Value was $0.1 million and $0.2 million at July 31, 2014 
and 2013, respectively.   

13.  Shareholders’ Equity
Class A and Class B Common Stock
The relative rights, preferences and limitations of the Company’s 
Class A and Class B common stock are summarized as follows: 
Holders of Class A shares are entitled to elect 25% of the Board of 
Directors so long as the number of outstanding Class A shares is at 
least 10% of the combined total number of outstanding Class A and 
Class B common shares. Holders of Class A common shares have 
one-tenth the voting power of Class B common shares with respect 
to most other matters.

In addition, Class A shares are eligible to receive dividends in 
excess of (and not less than) those paid to holders of Class B shares. 
Holders of Class B shares have the option to convert at any time, 
each share of Class B common stock into one share of Class A 
common stock. Upon sale or transfer, shares of Class B common 
stock will automatically convert into an equal number of shares 
of Class A common stock, except that sales or transfers of Class 
B common stock to an existing holder of Class B common stock 
or to an immediate family member will not cause such shares to 
automatically convert into Class A common stock.

Restrictive Shareholder Agreement
Messrs. Gerhard J. Neumaier (deceased), Frank B. Silvestro, Ronald L. 
Frank, and Gerald A. Strobel entered into a Stockholders’ Agreement 
dated May 12, 1970, as amended January 24, 2011, which governs 
the sale of certain shares of Ecology and Environment, Inc. 
common stock (now classified as Class B Common Stock) owned 
by them, certain children of those individuals and any such shares 
subsequently transferred to their spouses and/or children outright 
or in trust for their benefit upon the demise of a signatory to the 
Agreement (“Permitted Transferees”).  The Agreement provides 
that prior to accepting a bona fide offer to purchase some or all of 
their shares of Class B Common Stock governed by the Agreement, 
that the selling party must first allow the other signatories to 
the Agreement (not including any Permitted Transferee) the 
opportunity to acquire on a pro rata basis, with right of over-
allotment, all of such shares covered by the offer on the same terms 
and conditions proposed by the offer.

Cash Dividends
The Company declared and paid cash dividends of $2.0 million 
during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.  The 
Company paid dividends of $1.0 million in August 2014 and 2013 
that were declared and accrued in prior periods.

Stock Repurchase
In August 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a 
program for repurchase of 200,000 shares of Class A common stock.  
During the fiscal year ended July 31, 2014, the Company acquired 
16,091 shares of Class A stock under this program for a total 
acquisition cost of approximately $0.2 million.  As of July 31, 2014, 
122,918 Class A shares were repurchased and 77,082 shares had yet 
to be repurchased under this program.    

33

 
 
Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling interests are disclosed as a separate component 
of consolidated shareholders’ equity on the accompanying 
consolidated balance sheets.  Earnings and other comprehensive 
(loss) income are separately attributed to both the controlling and 
noncontrolling interests.  Earnings per share is calculated based 
on net (loss) income attributable to the Company’s controlling 
interests.

Transactions with noncontrolling shareholders for the fiscal years 
ended July 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 were recorded at amounts that 
approximated fair value.  Effects on shareholders’ equity resulting 
from changes in EEI’s ownership interest in its subsidiaries are 
summarized in the following table.

                                          Fiscal Year ended July 31,

2014  

2013     

2012

Sales of noncontrolling interest:

Sale of 600 Gustavson 
common shares

Total sales of noncontrolling 
interests (10)

$          — $          — $    41,634 

 —

 — $    41,634

Purchases of noncontrolling interests:

Purchase of 344 Walsh 
common shares (1)

Purchase of 3,705 Walsh 
common shares (2)

Purchase of 100 Walsh 
common shares (3)

Purchase of 50 Walsh 
common shares (4)

Purchase of 25 Lowham 
common shares (5)

Purchase of 495 Walsh 
common shares (6)

Purchase of 2,800 Gustavson 
common shares (7)

Purchase of 370 Walsh 
common shares (8)

Purchase of 75 Lowham 
common shares (9)

Purchase of 25 Gestion 
Ambiental Consultores 
common shares

Purchase of 166 Walsh 
common shares

Purchase of  496 Walsh 
common shares

Purchase of  5,389 Brazil 
common shares

Purchase of 26,482 Walsh 
Peru common shares

Purchase of 152 Walsh 
common shares

Total purchases of 
noncontrolling interests (10)

Net transfers from 
noncontrolling interests

(5,653)

(1,120,749)

(30,250)

—

—

—

— (18,316)

— (8,737)

— (243,653)

— (293,102)

— (182,125)

— (30,002)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(7,452)

(97,634)

— (277,514)

—

77,539

— (238,677)

—

(76,037)

(1,156,652)

(775,935)

(619,775)

$(1,156,652) $ (775,935) $(578,141)

34

(1) In January 2014, EEI purchased an additional 0.9% of Walsh 
Environmental Scientists and Engineers, LLC (“Walsh”) from noncontrolling 
shareholders for $0.1 million in cash.  Walsh became a wholly-owned 
subsidiary of EEI as a result of these transactions.

(2) In October 2013, EEI purchased an additional 9.4% of Walsh for $1.6 
million.  The purchase price was paid as follows: (i) one third in cash payable 
on the transaction consummation date; (ii) one third payable with EEI 
Common Stock on the transaction consummation date; and (iii) one third 
with a promissory note payable in two annual installments of one half the 
principal plus interest accrued at 3.25% per annum.

(3) In October 2013, EEI purchased an additional 0.2% of Walsh for less than 
$0.1 million in cash.

(4) In April 2013, EEI purchased an additional 0.1% of Walsh from 
noncontrolling shareholders for less than $0.1 million in cash.

(5) In March 2013, Lowham-Walsh Engineering & Environment Services LLC 
(“Lowham”), a subsidiary of Walsh, purchased shares from noncontrolling 
shareholders for less than $0.1 million in cash.

(6) In January 2013, EEI purchased an additional 1.3% of Walsh from 
noncontrolling shareholders for $0.2 million.  Two thirds of the purchase 
price was paid in cash while the remaining one third was paid for with EEI 
stock.  

(7) In December 2012, Gustavson Associates, LLC (“Gustavson”) purchased 
an additional 6.7% of its shares from noncontrolling shareholders for $0.4 
million.  Half of the purchase price was paid in cash and Gustavson issued a 
three year note for the other half.  

(8) In December 2012, EEI purchased an additional 0.9% of Walsh from 
noncontrolling shareholders for $0.2 million in cash.  

(9) During the three months ending October 31, 2012, Lowham purchased 
shares from noncontrolling shareholders for less than $0.1 million in cash.

(10) Sales (purchases) of additional noncontrolling interests are recorded 
as additions (reductions) of shareholders’ equity on the consolidated 
statements of changes in shareholders’ equity. 

14. Lease Commitments
The Company rents certain office facilities and equipment under 
non-cancelable operating leases and certain other facilities for 
servicing project sites over the term of the related long-term 
government contracts.  Future minimum rental commitments 
under these leases as of July 31, 2014 are summarized in the 
following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Thereafter

Amount

$2,546,713

1,916,230

1,680,192

1,642,781

1,283,343

2,426,378

Lease agreements may contain step rent provisions and/or 
free rent concessions.   Lease payments based on a price index 
have rent expense recognized on a straight line or substantially 
equivalent basis, and are included in the calculation of minimum 
lease payments.  Gross rental expense associated with lease 
commitments was $3.9 million, $4.2 million and $3.6 million for the 
fiscal years ended July 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

15. Defined Contribution Plans
Contributions to EEI’s defined contribution plan and supplemental 
retirement plan are discretionary and determined annually by its 
Board of Directors.  Walsh’s defined contribution plan provides for 
mandatory employer contributions to match 100% of employee 
contributions up to 4% of each participant’s compensation.  The 
total expense under the plans was $1.7 million, $2.2 million, and 
$1.8 million for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, 
respectively.

16. Earnings Per Share
Basic and diluted EPS is computed by dividing the net (loss) 
income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc. common 
shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares 
outstanding for the period.  After consideration of all the rights 
and privileges of the Class A and Class B stockholders summarized 
in Note 13, in particular the right of the holders of the Class B 
common stock to elect no less than 75% of the Board of Directors 
making it highly unlikely that the Company will pay a dividend 
on Class A common stock in excess of Class B common stock, the 
Company allocates undistributed earnings between the classes 
on a one-to-one basis when computing earnings per share.  As a 
result, basic and fully diluted earnings per Class A and Class B share 
are equal amounts.

The Company has determined that its unvested share-based 
payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends 
or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating 
securities.  These securities are included in the weighted average 
shares outstanding calculation.

The computation of basic earnings per share is included in the 
following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2014     

2013     

2012

Net (loss) income 
attributable to Ecology 
and Environment, Inc.  $(1,382,656) $(2,130,434)  $     773,579

Dividend declared

2,066,622

2,038,496

2,036,559

Undistributed earnings $(3,449,278) $(4,168,930)

$(1,262,980)

Weighted-average 
common shares 
outstanding (basic 
and diluted)

Distributed earnings 
per share

Undistributed earnings 
per share

Total earnings per 
share

4,283,984  

4,247,821

4,233,883

$           0.48 $           0.48

$           0.48

  (0.80)

(0.98)

(0.30)

$         (0.32) $         (0.50)

$           0.18

17. Segment Reporting
The Company reports segment information based on the 
geographic location of its customers (for revenues) and the location 
of its offices (for long-lived assets). Revenue and long-lived assets 
by business segment are summarized in the following tables. 

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2014

2013

2012     

Revenue by geographic location:

United States

$82,370,480 $91,451,247

$98,558,099

Foreign countries

46,056,396

43,485,644

56,852,000

(1) Significant foreign revenues included revenues in Peru ($19.5 million, 
$11.5 million and $17.2 million for fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012, 
respectively), Brazil ($13.8 million, $15.1 million and $15.7 million for fiscal 
years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively) and Chile ($8.8 million, $10.6 million 
and $11.3 million for fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively).    

Balance at July 31,

2014

2013

2012     

Long-Lived Assets by geographic location:  

United States

$31,170,634 $29,508,055

$29,506,036

Foreign countries

5,386,736

5,183,885

5,191,000

18. Commitments and Contingencies
From time to time, the Company is a named defendant in legal 
actions arising out of the normal course of business.  The Company 
is not a party to any pending legal proceeding, the resolution of 
which the management believes will have a material adverse effect 
on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or 
cash flows, or to any other pending legal proceedings other than 
ordinary, routine litigation incidental to its business.  The Company 
maintains liability insurance against risks arising out of the normal 
course of business.

Certain contracts contain termination provisions under which the 
customer may, without penalty, terminate the contracts upon 
written notice to the Company.  In the event of termination, the 
Company would be paid only termination costs in accordance with 
the particular contract.  Generally, termination costs include unpaid 
costs incurred to date, earned fees and any additional costs directly 
allocable to the termination.

On September 21, 2012, the Colorado Department of Public 
Health and Environment (the “Department”) issued a proposed 
Compliance Order on Consent (the “ Proposed Consent Order”) 
to the City and County of Denver (“Denver”) and to Walsh 
Environmental Scientists and Engineers, LLC (“Walsh”).  Walsh is a 
majority-owned subsidiary of Ecology and Environment, Inc.  The 
Proposed Consent Order concerns construction improvement 
activities of certain property owned by Denver which was the 
subject of asbestos remediation.  Denver had entered into a 
contract with Walsh for Walsh to provide certain environmental 
consulting services (asbestos monitoring services) in connection 
with the asbestos containment and/or removal performed by other 
contractors at Denver’s real property.  Without admitting liability or 
the Department’s version of the underlying facts, Walsh on February 
13, 2013 entered into a Compliance Order on Consent with the 

35

 
 
Department and paid a penalty of less than $0.1 million and paid 
for a Supplemental Environmental Project to benefit the public 
at large in an amount less than $0.1 million.  Denver was served 
with a final Compliance Order and Assessment of Administrative 
Penalty against Denver alone for approximately $0.2 million.  Under 
Walsh’s environmental consulting contract with Denver, Walsh 
has agreed to indemnify Denver for certain liabilities where Walsh 
could potentially be held responsible for a portion of the penalty 
imposed upon Denver.  Walsh has put its professional liability and 
general liability carriers on notice of this indemnification claim by 
Denver.  The Company believes that this administrative proceeding 
involving Walsh will not have an adverse material effect upon the 
operations of the Company.

On February 4, 2011, the Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity 
Conservation of Brazil (the “Institute”) issued a Notice of Infraction 
to E & E Brasil.  E & E Brasil is a majority-owned subsidiary of Ecology 
and Environment, Inc.  The Notice of Infraction concerns the 
taking and collecting species of wild animal specimens without 

authorization by the competent authority and imposes a fine of 
520,000 Reais, which had a value of approximately $0.2 million 
at July 31, 2014.  No claim has been made against Ecology and 
Environment, Inc.  The Institute has also filed Notices of Infraction 
against four employees of E & E Brasil alleging the same claims and 
has imposed fines against those individuals that, in the aggregate, 
are equal to the fine imposed against E & E Brasil.  E & E Brasil has 
filed administrative responses with the Institute for itself and its 
employees that: (a) denies the jurisdiction of the Institute, (b) 
states that the Notice of Infraction is constitutionally vague and 
(c) affirmatively stated that E & E Brasil had obtained the necessary 
permits for the surveys and collections of specimens under 
applicable Brazilian regulations and that the protected conservation 
area is not clearly marked to show its boundaries.  At this time, E & E 
Brasil has attended one meeting where depositions were taken. The 
Company believes that these administrative proceedings in Brazil 
will not have an adverse material effect upon the operations of the 
Company.  

Market for E & E’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters 
The Company’s Class A Common Stock is listed on NASDAQ.  There is no separate market for the Company’s Class B Common Stock.  The 
range of high and low prices for the Company’s Class A Common Stock, as reported by NASDAQ, are summarized in the following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2014            

High     

First Quarter (commencing August 1, 2013 - October 31, 2013)

$ 12.25

Second Quarter (commencing November 1, 2013 - January 31, 2014)

Third Quarter (commencing February 1, 2014 - April 30, 2014)

Fourth Quarter (commencing May 1, 2014 - July 31, 2014)

11.88

12.78

11.25

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2013             

High     

First Quarter (commencing August 1, 2012 - October 31, 2012)

$ 13.00

Second Quarter (commencing November 1, 2012 - January 31, 2013)

Third Quarter (commencing February 1, 2013 - April 30, 2013)

Fourth Quarter (commencing May 1, 2013 - July 31, 2013)

13.36

14.42

13.00

Low

$ 10.52

10.41

9.02

9.49

Low

$ 11.60

10.70

11.75

10.05

Per Share Dividend Declared

—

$ 0.24

—

$ 0.24

Per Share Dividend Declared

—

$ 0.24

—

$ 0.24

As of September 30, 2014, 2,659,174 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock were outstanding and there were 345 holders of record 
of the Company’s Class A Common Stock.  We estimate that the Company has a significantly greater number of Class A Common Stock 
shareholders because a substantial number of the Company’s shares are held in street name. 

As of September 30, 2014, 1,629,197 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock were outstanding and there were 57 holders of record 
of the Class B Common Stock.

Changes to the composition of the E & E Board of Directors in fiscal year 2014. Gerhard J. Neumaier resigned from the E & E 
Board of Directors in September 2013. Timothy Butler, who served on E & E’s Board since 2003, passed away in April 2014. He served 
on the Audit Committee as the designated financial expert. Michael S. Betrus, CPA, joined the Board of Directors as a member of 
the Audit Committee in May 2014. Mr. Betrus has over 35 years of experience in accounting, financial management, contractual 
oversight, and budget forecasting. He is currently the Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Power Drives, Inc.

36

Frank B. Silvestro 

Founder, Chairman of the Board

Gerald A. Strobel, P.E. 

Founder

Ronald L. Frank 
Founder 

Gerald A. Strobel, P.E. 

Chief Executive Officer,  
Executive Vice President

Gerard A. Gallagher III 

President

Fred J. McKosky, P.E. 

Chief Operating Officer,  
Senior Vice President

Frank B. Silvestro 

Executive Vice President

Ronald L. Frank 

Executive Vice President, Secretary

CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS
Buffalo Corporate Center
368 Pleasant View Drive
Lancaster, NY 14086-1397
TEL: 1 (716) 684-8060
FAX: 1 (716) 684-0844
E-MAIL: jmye@ene.com
WEB: www.ene.com

STOCK TRANSFER AGENT
American Stock Transfer & Trust Co.
40 Wall Street
New York, NY 10005
TEL: 1 (212) 936-5100

BOARD OF DIRECTORS  
as of October 31, 2014

Gerard A. Gallagher, Jr.  

Retired Company Officer 

Michael C. Gross 

Insurance Broker and 

  NYS Tax Auditor 

CORPORATE OFFICERS

H. John Mye, P.E. 

Vice President, Treasurer 
and Chief Financial Officer

Laurence M. Brickman, Ph.D. 

Senior Vice President

Kevin Donovan 

Senior Vice President

Cheryl A. Karpowicz, AICP    
Senior Vice President

Nancy Aungst 

Vice President

EXCHANGE LISTING
NASDAQ® Global Market
Ticker Symbol: EEI

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED 
ACCOUNTING FIRM
Schneider Downs & Co., Inc.
One PPG Place 
Suite 1700 
Pittsburgh, PA 15222

LEGAL COUNSEL
Gross, Shuman, Brizdle & Gilfillan, P.C.
465 Main Street, Suite 600
Buffalo, NY 14203

ACTIVE SUBSIDIARIES

Ross M. Cellino 
  Attorney

Michael S. Betrus

  CFO, Senior Vice President of  
Power Drives, Inc.

Timothy J. Grady, P.E. 
Vice President

George A. Rusk, Esq. 
Vice President

Carmine A. Tronolone 

Vice President

Colleen C. Mullaney-Westfall, Esq. 

Assistant Secretary

FORM 10-K
E & E’s Annual Report including financial 
statements is for the general information 
of the Company’s shareholders. It is 
not intended to be used in connection 
with any sale or purchase of securities. 
Shareholders may obtain from the 
Company without charge a copy of its 
Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with 
the Securities and Exchange Commission, 
including financial schedules, by sending 
a written request to: 
  Mr. H. John Mye, Chief Financial Officer 

Ecology and Environment, Inc.
368 Pleasant View Drive
Lancaster, NY 14086-1397

Ecology & Environment Engineering, Inc.

Gustavson Associates, LLC

ecology and environment do brasil Ltda. (Brazil)

Lowham-Walsh Engineering & Environment Services, LLC

Ecology and Environment International Services, Inc. (EEIS) 

Servicios Ambientales Walsh, S.A. (Ecuador)

ECSI, LLC

E.E.I.S. (SARL) (Morocco)

Gestión Ambiental Consultores S.A. (Chile)

Walsh Environmental Scientist & Engineers, LLC

Walsh Peru, S.A. (Peru)

ecology and
environment, inc.
Global Environmental Specialists

www.ene.com

E & E has printed on recycled paper since 1971.  This annual report is printed with soy-based inks, and certified by SFI, PEFC, and FSC.

37