Quarterlytics / Communication Services / Specialty Business Services / Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

eei · NASDAQ Communication Services
Claim this profile
Ticker eei
Exchange NASDAQ
Sector Communication Services
Industry Specialty Business Services
Employees 501-1000
← All annual reports
FY2013 Annual Report · Ecology and Environment, Inc.
Sign in to download
Loading PDF…
A N N U A L   R E P O R T  2 0 1 3

ecology and
environment, inc.
Global Environmental Specialists

ecology and
environment, inc.

Global Environmental Specialists

Financial Highlights 

2013

Fiscal year ending July 31,
2011

2012

2010

2009

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

Revenue

$ 134,937

$ 155,410

$ 169,173

$ 144,098

$ 146,081

Net (loss) income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc. $    (2,130)

$        774

$     6,960

$     4,258

$     5,221

Net (loss) income per common share: 
basic and diluted 

$     (0.50)

$       0.18

$       1.65

$       1.02

$       1.27

The table above reflects the difficulties that Ecology and Environment, Inc. (“EnE” or the “Company”) faced in fiscal year 2012 
and especially 2013. But it only tells part of the story. Your company is a solid, capable organization of talented professionals 
with good business prospects in a challenging and evolving world.  

Balance Sheet Data

Working capital

Total assets 

2013

2012

As of July 31,
2011

(In thousands)

2010

2009

$   34,288

$   38,511

$   41,979

$   38,950

$   36,142

81,682

97,512

94,268

79,959

77,808

Long-term debt and capital lease obligations

451

591

2,138

1,695

815

Ecology and Environment, Inc. shareholders’ equity

43,544

48,146

50,034

44,864

41,051

Cash Dividends Paid

$     2,037

$     2,047

$     1,815

$     1,684

$     1,546

From Our CEO

I face the future with confidence. We have a technically broad professional staff and 
skilled managers at all levels. I know this first-hand because I have worked with them 
over the decades to develop and prove this capability. Our project experience is 
vast, diverse, and relevant. It spans tens-of-thousands of assignments, successfully 
completed.

Our business model is simple: provide our clients with insights and value for their 
dollars. We work with our clients so they can realize that value. This I believe is the 
recipe for success.

Your Company In Transition

For the second consecutive year EnE reported declining financial results. A loss of 
$2.1 million for fiscal year 2013 (FY13) was due primarily to a $6.3 million increase 
in reserves for a doubtful China contract receivable and a $0.8 million software 
impairment charge. 

As outlined in the Chairman’s letter sent to shareholders September 24, 2013, the 
Board of Directors took decisive remedial action designed to improve operating 
efficiency. The new management team is continuing an aggressive cost reduction 
review initiated late in the fiscal year by fiat from the Board to the previous 
management. Mr. Strobel, then Executive Vice President of Technical Services, led 
the initial effort, which continues into fiscal year 2014. Several non-performing 
programs were discontinued, one was sold, our staffing numbers have been 
reduced, and costs are being contained. The benefits of lower costs will be realized 
in the coming fiscal year.

The structure and efficiency of management is under review. We expect that in the 
coming months responsibilities will be re-aligned to better utilize our resources for 
evolving market opportunities. 

1

EnE offers a broad scope of services.  
Our mission: helping our clients in making a better world.

Our company’s markets are evolving. Climate change, linkage to extreme weather 
events, and global economics are shaping public debate. Wind, solar, and other low 
carbon energy sources and their infrastructure are altering the traditional global 
energy market. Concomitantly, acceptance of projects by public and political 
entities is trending toward meeting a higher standard of a “Social License.” 

Global warming concern, albeit controversial, has shifted the energy market to low- 
carbon and no-carbon sources and retrofitting or replacing high carbon sources for 
energy generation.

Cheryl A. Karpowicz, AICP
A senior vice president and certified 
planner, Cheryl has 35 years of 
experience with EnE.

EnE has helped solar developers permit 
and build projects powering 4,400 MWs 
of clean, renewable energy in 15 states. 
This includes our current work on the 
Solar Star project in California which, 
when completed in 2015, will be the 
world’s largest solar power plant. 

2

New energy sources require new 
transmission infrastructure to 
connect to consumers. Our electric 
transmission work nearly tripled in 
FY2013. EnE has now worked on 
11,000 miles of electric transmission 
projects. We are engaging 
stakeholders and soliciting input on 
siting opportunities and constraints 
for the 750-mile, +600 kilovolt 
high voltage direct current Plains & 
Eastern Clean Line Project.

EnE has been involved in 200 
pipeline projects around the 
world totalling over 60,000 
miles of pipeline. In FY 2013, our 
pipeline sector grew by 50%. 

EnE has worked on more than 
400 wind energy projects in 37 
states and helped clients develop 
facilities that can produce 5,821 
MWs of renewable electricity.

3

In states such as California and New York, with the Monterey and Marcellus 
shale deposits, we are working with both government and industry to frame 
best practices for natural gas and oil extraction and bring solid science to these 
emerging issues. 

For the US Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory, 
EnE is preparing an environmental impact statement for DOE’s proposed cost-
shared funding of the Lake Charles Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) 
project, which captures carbon dioxide from an industrial facility in Louisiana for 
use in enhanced oil recovery in Texas.

EnE’s Brazilian subsidiary has permitted 2,970 MWs of clean hydropower to help meet 
Brazil’s growing energy needs while protecting sensitive ecosystems.

Traditional nuclear energy generation and new small modular reactors (SMRs) are 
part of the low carbon mix. EnE is providing environmental services for license renewal 
of operating reactors—including Callaway and Braidwood—and licensing of the 
proposed Fermi 3 nuclear power plant.

4

EnE has been involved in preventing and countering natural and 
potential man-made extreme events for over 30 years. 

EnE was awarded a seven-year contract by the United States Environmental 
Protection Agency (EPA) in July of 2013. EnE will provide technical assistance 
for emergency response to spills, extreme events, and remedial actions, as well 
as preventative and preparedness activity. The service area includes Alaska, 
Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Hawaii, and Pacific Ocean territories. 

Tim Grady, P.E., vice president (26 years) and regional manager Dave Albers, P.E., 
(24 years) have led positive impact projects as part of EnE engineering support 
services, fourteen of which have received awards for excellence from the ACEC, 
American Council of Engineering Companies. They are posed with the award 
for a river project that: “Is a pioneering effort that integrated environmental 
restoration with economic growth along the shoreline.” In 2013 we received the 
ACEC’s highest level Diamond Award for innovation for the Golden Triangle 
Natural Gas Storage Project in Beaumont, Texas.

Dhroov M. Shivjiani, P.E.
Dhroov, a 27-year employee, is 
the program manager for the 
EPA contract in Seattle. 

5

Global scale extreme events, along with practical economic 
considerations, test the resiliency, adaptability, and sustainability 
of human and environmental communities. 

EnE served as lead planning consultant for the development of four regional 
sustainability plans as part of New York State’s pioneering Cleaner, Greener 
Communities program. This represents a cornerstone of economic development 
initiatives that will build sustainable and resilient communities across New York 
that capitalize on the interconnectedness of energy, economy, jobs, environmental 
quality, and quality of both urban and rural life. We received three planning awards 
for our work.

Gerard A. Gallagher, III
A senior vice president, Gerard has 
worked at EnE for 33 years.

6

EnE leads the preparation of five community reconstruction zone plans as part of 
the New York Rising Community Reconstruction Program, which helps communities 
affected by Superstorm Sandy, Hurricane Irene, and Tropical Storm Lee to build 
more resilient communities to better withstand future storms. Our extensive 
community engagement program supports communities as they seek to reinvent 
themselves; and not just rebuild, only to face disaster again with the next storm. 

NAVY is particularly sensitive to addressing 
the social concerns of the community.

For the United States Navy, we prepared environmental assessments to address 
emergency shoreline erosion control and beach repair at Joint Expeditionary Base 
Little Creek-Fort Story, Virginia and repairs to the shoreline protection system at 
Naval Air Station Oceana, Dam Neck Annex, Virginia. Our shoreline protection work 
is helping NAVY to protect the public’s military assets.

We support NAVY bases on both coasts with innovative planning and 
environmental management programs. We work with our NAVY clients to prepare 
planning studies that address emerging encroachment challenges both at sea and 
at shore-based facilities. Our work in encroachment planning has helped NAVY to 
sustain and preserve military readiness.

EnE is preparing five environmental impact statements (EISs) for the NAVY. Projects 
in California, Rhode Island, and Pennsylvania involve the disposal of excess property 
and reuse by a local redevelopment authority using smart-growth principles.

Peggy Farrell  
A regional manager, based 
in Virginia Beach, with EnE 
for 27 years.

7

EnE’s mission is to help our clients in making a better world and,  
importantly, to engage and communicate concepts in language 
that the community understands.

In a study of 190 projects by the Goldman Sachs Investment Group, 73% of delays 
were the result of environment, politics, and/or stakeholder-related issues. Affected 
communities and stakeholders take for granted that an applicant should minimize 
potential negative impacts. They want more. They want the project to make a 
positive impact on their world. 

For large actions and projects, the permit process can, in effect, morph into 
a social license to operate. Because of global interconnectedness clients are 
finding that outreach 
and accommodation can 
enhance their reputation 
in the world financial and 
political communities. 
EnE, especially its South 
American subsidiaries, is 
experienced in helping 
clients accommodate this 
developing trend.

We help clients shape 
project concepts into 
strategies that dovetail 
a social license to the 
in-field activities needed 
to acquire environmental 
permits and approvals.

For Alcatel Lucent Submarine Networks (ASN), EnE 
planned and conducted public outreach prior to the 
cable landing in Playa Salgar, Colombia. Our team 
delivered an interactive, user-friendly presentation that 
was praised by meeting attendees and gave ASN and 
its customer proof of compliance with this condition 
of approval.

Nermin Ahmad
Nermin, a senior policy analyst 
and 29-year employee, manages 
our New York City operations.

8

In Ecuador, we prepared a sociocultural investigation for a proposed mining 
exploration project that intersects the territories of two important indigenous 
communities: the Shuar and Saraguro. The investigation followed the 
International Finance Corporation’s performance standards and provided an 
ethnographic description of the traditional and ancestral characteristics of the 
social and economic organization of the indigenous communities.

In Uganda, we work on archaeological, paleontological, anthropological, paleo-
biological cadastral, and social investigations for oil and gas exploration initiatives. 
Investigations are conducted to a high standard of care since much of the project 
area is in national parks and wildlife refuges.

Development proponents are devoting greater attention to health, as well as 
environmental and social issues. Our work under a RESPOND (response and 
capacity-building) contract with the United States Agency for International 
Development (USAID) provides technical services that build local capacities to 
respond to pandemic and zoonotic disease outbreaks in hot-spot locations in 
Africa, South America, India, and Southeast Asia. We provide expertise in outbreak 
response and help to develop public/private partnerships with extractive, mining, 
and oil and gas industries to establish disease monitoring and response programs.

EnE subsidiary Gustavson 
employees examining drilling 
core samples. Subsurface 
resource evaluation and 
reserve evaluations are key 
parts of mega-extractive 
developments. Gustavson’s 
experience spans the globe.

9

EnE subsidiaries encompass Spanish- and 
Portuguese-speaking South America.

 “To unite the Americas in bonds of prosperity and peace.”  
                   – Theme of the Pan-American Exposition, 1901 – Buffalo, New York

Ricardo Katz
Gestion Ambiental 
Consultores (GAC), Chile

Our presence in South America is squarely in 
some of the most attractive markets in the world. 
Projects in our Brazilian offices range from electric 
transmission – notably high voltage, long distance 
lines connecting hydropower to the electric grid – 
to mining and offshore oil development. In Chile, we 
are preeminent in mining. In Peru, we work closely 
with industry to sensitively develop the country’s oil 
and gas resources, as well as to develop mining and 
other infrastructure projects. We have planned and 
permitted several telecommunications systems in 
countries ringing the continent.

Maria C. Mato 
Maria is international business 
development manager focused on 
South America and Africa. 

Gonzalo Morante
Walsh Peru, S.A.

Ivan Telles 
Ecology and Environment 
do Brasil, Ltda.

Paulo Mario Correia 
de Araứjo
Ecology and Environment 
do Brasil, Ltda.

Mark Thurber 
Walsh Ecuador

10

Gran Condor Hotel at 
the Quito International 
Airport - Ecuador  
Environmental and 
socio-economic 
impact assessment.

Kuntur Gas Transporter, Peru 
Impact assessment involving 
the broadest, most complex, 
and sensitive citizen 
participation program to 
date in Peru.

North America  
Population: 528.7 million 
Area: 9.54 million sq. miles
South America 
Population: 387.5 million 
Area: 6.88 million sq. miles

AMX Submarine Fiber Optic 
Cable System- Brazil, Mexico, 
Colombia, and Dominican Republic 
Feasibility study and permitting 
support for increased demand for social 
communication networks.

Andina Expansion Project, Chile 
Environmental impact statement 
to expand copper production 
in the Valparaiso and Santiago 
Metropolitan Regions.

11

 
Chairman’s Observations

Times, they are a changing.  We are in the midst of a sea change of social, 
political, and economic reality driven by science, public awareness, and economic 
uncertainty.  To our company and clients it means significant challenge but also 
opportunity.

Concepts that are at the forefront of public discourse, such as the scope of the 
energy landscape, global warming (a.k.a. climate change), extreme natural and 
man-made events, sustainability, resiliency, adaptation, and social license, are 
increasingly influencing our clients’ planning and decision-making.  Presented 
briefly in this report are “snapshots” of our corporate and government contract 
activity that illustrate our capabilities to address the evolving needs of our clients.  

For the first time in this Annual Report, we include the faces of several of our 
operating managers.  These folks represent the future of EnE.  We have a solid core 
of leaders, fully capable of guiding our company as we continue to evolve to meet 
today’s challenges.

It is our mission to support and help our clients in making a better world, and we 
appreciate the support of our shareholders.  We have a history of dividends that 
demonstrate our commitment that our shareholders should also share in our 
successes.

Frank Silvestro
Chairman of the Board

12

   
Selected Consolidated Financial Data

Operating data:

Revenues, net

(Loss) Income from operations

(Loss) Income before income tax (benefit) provision

2013

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,
2011

2012

2010

2009

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

$    134,937

$    155,410

$    169,173

$    144,098

$    146,081

(898)

(968)

4,784

12,386

9,893

9,445

4,398

12,755

10,459

9,450

Net (loss) income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc.

          (2,130)

          774

       6,960

       4,258

        5,221

Net (loss) income per common share (basic and diluted)

         (0.50)

         0.18

         1.65

         1.02

          1.27

Cash dividends declared per common share  
(basic and diluted)

Weighted average common shares outstanding  
(basic and diluted)

$           0.48

$           0.48

$          0.46

$          0.42

$          0.39

4,247,821

4,233,883

4,222,688

4,160,816

4,115,921

Fiscal Year 2013 Operations Summary

Overview
Our income before income tax provision decreased $5.4 million 
(122%) to a loss of $1.0 million for fiscal year 2013.  Revenue less 
subcontract costs, which is a key performance measurement for 
our business, decreased $13.2 million (11%) during fiscal year 2013, 
due mainly to:

• lower project work volumes in energy and mining sectors 
within our domestic and certain of our foreign markets; and

• higher net reserves for contract adjustments recorded as a 
reduction of revenue, which were required for projects in 
China and northern Africa.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2013, we recorded a $0.8 
million software impairment charge related to certain software 

modules that do not meet the needs of users that rely on the 
system and will not provide any future service potential.  The 
software impairment charge is further described in Item 1 of this 
Annual Report.

Lower revenue less subcontract costs and the software impairment 
charge noted above were partially offset by:

• lower professional service costs and other direct project 
expenses as a result of lower project work volumes and other 
managed reductions in technical staff levels; and

• lower indirect expenses due primarily to managed 
reductions of staff levels in various administrative, marketing 
and other indirect departments.

13

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Despite an operating loss for the fiscal year ended July 31, 
2013, we maintained a strong liquidity position during the year.  
Cash generated from operations was $11.9 million, which was 
adequate to fund investing and financing activities required to 
maintain our operations.  Cash and cash equivalents decreased 
$1.0 million during fiscal year 2013 primarily due to $2.0 million in 
dividend payments paid to shareholders during the year, which 
were not required for operations, but which were approved on a 
discretionary basis by the Board of Directors.

During fiscal years prior to 2013, we expended significant resources 
and working capital on contracts in the Middle East and China, 
which resulted in significant billed contract receivables that were 
not collected during those years, and which required additional 
borrowings from our existing lines of credit.  During January 2013, 
we collected $7.1 million of cash related to contract receivables in 
the Middle East, which enabled us to reduce amounts outstanding 
under our lines of credit.   

We believe that cash flows from U.S. operations, available cash 
and cash equivalent balances in our domestic subsidiaries and 
remaining amounts available under lines of credit will be sufficient 
to cover working capital requirements of our U.S. operations during 
the next twelve months and the foreseeable future.

Our foreign subsidiaries generate adequate cash flow to fund their 
operations.  We intend to reinvest foreign cash balances, net of 
any dividends paid from our foreign subsidiaries from time to time, 
into opportunities outside the U.S.  If the foreign cash and cash 
equivalents were needed to fund domestic operations, we would 
be required to accrue and pay taxes on any amounts repatriated.

Cash and cash equivalents activity and balances are summarized in 
the following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2013     

2012

2011

Cash provided by (used in):

Operating activities

$11,943,124 $   (360,288)

$  1,010,791

Investing activities

(2,557,656)

(5,533,398)

(2,822,924)

  Financing activities

(9,950,867)

7,988,123

(4,057,705)

For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013, cash provided by operations 
resulted primarily from the following net activity:

• Net income (after adjustment for non-cash items) provided 
$4.8 million of operating cash;

• Lower net contract receivables provided $7.2 million of 
operating cash, which resulted primarily from $7.1 million of 
cash received on aged outstanding receivables in the Middle 
East; and

• Other working capital activity resulted in a net use of $0.4 
million of operating cash, due primarily to lower work levels 
associated with lower revenue and to general reductions of 
current liabilities as a result of an improved liquidity position 
at the Parent Company.  

Net cash used in investment activities during the fiscal year ended 
July 31, 2013 primarily resulted from the following activity:

• Purchases of property, building and equipment resulted in a 
use of $1.8 million of cash; and

• Acquisitions of noncontrolling interests in two majority-
owned subsidiaries, Walsh Environmental Scientists & 
Engineers, LLC (“Walsh”) and Gustavson Associates, LLC 
(“Gustavson”) resulted in a use of $0.6 million of cash.   

Net cash used in financing activities during the fiscal year ended 
July 31, 2013 primarily resulted from the following activity:

• Net repayment of borrowings against our lines of credit 
of $5.8 million, which was made possible by the receipt of 
$7.1 million of cash on aged outstanding receivables in the 
Middle East;

• Repayments of debt and capital lease obligations of $0.9 
million,

• Dividend payments to common shareholders of $2.0 million; 
and

• Distributions to non-controlling interests of $1.5 million.

We maintain unsecured lines of credit available for working capital 
and letters of credit.  Contractual interest rates ranged from 2.5% to 
5% at July 31, 2013 and July 31, 2012.  Our lenders have reaffirmed 
the lines of credit within the past twelve months.  Our lines of credit 
are summarized in the following table.

Effect of exchange 
rate changes on 
cash and cash 
equivalents

Net (decrease) 
increase in cash and 
cash equivalents

(457,711)

(156,509)

52,486

                                                             Balance at July 31,

$(1,023,110)

$  1,937,928

$(5,817,352)

  Cash and cash equivalents, by locaion:

    U.S. operations

$  6,244,053 $  4,398,921

$  5,602,946

2013

2012

Outstanding cash draws (recorded as 
lines of credit on the accompanying 
consolidated balance sheets)

Outstanding letters of credit to support 
operations

$  6,528,691

$12,309,335

3,080,938

2,615,415

    Foreign operations

3,200,607

6,068,849

2,926,896

Total amounts used under lines of credit

9,609,629 14,924,750

Total cash and 
cash equivalents

$  9,440,660

$10,467,770 

$  8,529,842

Remaining amounts available under 
lines of credit

24,759,371 19,444,250

Total approved unsecured lines of credit   $34,369,000 $34,369,000

14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue, net
Revenue, net and revenue, net less subcontract costs, by business 
entity, are summarized in the following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2013

2012

2011

Gross revenue by entity:

EEI and all of its 
wholly owned 
subsidiaries

$  82,358,140 $  85,150,365 $108,596,221

EEI’s majority-owned subsidiaries:

Walsh Environmental 
Scientists & 
Engineers, LLC 
(“Walsh”)

Ecology & 
Environment do 
Brasil, Ltda  
(“E & E Brasil”)

Gestion Ambiental 
Consultores S.A. 
(“GAC”)

28,263,579

39,295,981

39,230,040

15,125,046

15,702,130

11,740,335

10,640,382

11,298,271

8,112,753

ECSI, LLC (“ECSI”)

4,869,394

5,539,993

5,299,482

• Lower E & E Brasil revenue was primarily due to weakening 
of the local currency (Reais) against the U.S. dollar.  In the 
local currency, revenue for E & E Brasil increased 9% during 
the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013, primarily due to higher 
revenues in the energy transmission sector.  

• Higher GAC revenue less subcontract costs was primarily 
due to a significant decrease in subcontract costs, which was 
partially offset by lower sales volume in the mining sector, as 
a mining project completed during fiscal year 2012 was not 
renewed or replaced during fiscal year 2013.

• Lower ECSI revenue primarily resulted from lower sales 
volume in the mining sector, as a mining project completed 
during fiscal year 2012 were not renewed or replaced during 
fiscal year 2013.

Net reserves for contract adjustments recorded as an offset to 
revenue are summarized by region in the following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

Region

2013     

2012

2011

United States, Canada 
and South America

$      73,534  $  (355,643)  $ (326,678) 

Total

141,256,541 156,986,740 172,978,831

Middle East/Africa

(72,024)

1,314,058 3,669,649

Less: Net reserves for 
contract adjustments 
recorded during the 
period

(6,319, 650)

(1,576,641)

(3,805,971)

Asia

Totals

6,318,140

618,226

463,000

$ 6,319,650

$ 1,576,641 $3,805,971

Revenue, net per 
consolidated 
statements of income $134,936,891 $155,410,099 $169,172,860

During fiscal year 2013 we recorded $6.3 million of resources for 
contract adjustments related to project in China.

Revenue, net less subcontract costs, by entity:

EEI and all of its 
wholly owned 
subsidiaries

$  69,691,641 $  72,290,708 $  97,255,198

EEI’s majority-owned subsidiaries:

Walsh

20,796,180

26,003,190

23,739,544

E & E Brasil

13,778,136

14,433,459

9,967,276

GAC

ECSI

Total

7,327,335

6,620,988

6,112,245

4,621,818

5,323,216

4,578,631

$116,215,110 $124,671,561 $141,652,894

Fiscal Year 2013 Versus 2012
The overall decrease in consolidated revenue less subcontract costs 
for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013, as compared with the prior 
fiscal year, resulted from the net impact of the following entity 
activity:

• Lower Parent Company and wholly-owned subsidiary 
revenue resulted from lower sales volume, particularly within 
domestic state and federal government markets.  

• Lower Walsh revenue primarily resulted from lower sales 
volume, particularly within the energy and mining sectors in 
its U.S. and foreign markets.  

Operating Expenses
Overview
The cost of professional services and other direct operating 
expenses represent labor and other direct costs of providing 
services to our clients under our project agreements.  These costs, 
and fluctuations in these costs, generally correlate directly with 
related project revenues.  The cost of professional services and 
other direct operating expenses, by business entity, are summarized 
in the following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2013     

2012

2011

EEI and all of its wholly 
owned subsidiaries

$29,408,179  $33,152,707  $46,194,644 

EEI’s majority-owned subsidiaries:

Walsh

6,034,926

7,709,299

7,887,484

E & E Brasil

7,524,216

8,413,975

5,909,552

GAC

ECSI

5,258,000

4,499,132

4,332,206

1,529,296

1,857,168

1,591,101

Total cost of professional 
services and other direct 
operating expenses

$49,754,617 $55,632,281 $65,914,987

15

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indirect operating expenses include administrative and indirect 
operating expenses, as well as marketing and related costs.  
Combined indirect operating expenses, by business entity, are 
summarized in the following table.

Income Taxes
The income tax provision (benefit) resulting from domestic and 
foreign operations is summarized in the following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2013     

2012

2011

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2013     

2012

2011

EEI and all of its wholly 
owned subsidiaries

$36,239,243  $38,957,028  $37,081,202

EEI’s majority-owned subsidiaries:

Income tax (benefit) provision from:

Domestic operations

$ (782,672) $      65,885 $ 3,299,857

Foreign operations

1,036,906

1,292,031

1,331,378

Walsh

12,707,123

12,953,357 11,677,740

E & E Brasil

5,480,397

4,847,879

5,765,816

Income tax provision, as 
reported on the 
consolidated statements 
of operations

$   254,234 $ 1,357,916 $ 4,631,235

GAC

ECSI

1,161,575

923,723

790,257

3,021,712

2,836,756

2,470,453

Total indirect operating 
expenses

$58,610,050 $60,518,743 $57,785,468

Fiscal Year 2013 Versus 2012
During fiscal year 2013, management at EEI and our U.S. subsidiaries 
critically reviewed technical and indirect staffing levels, other 
expenses necessary to support current project work levels and key 
administrative processes, particularly in our domestic subsidiaries 
and operations.  As a result of this review, the number of full time 
employees in various technical and indirect departments at EEI 
and its U.S. subsidiaries decreased by a combined 10% in fiscal 
year 2013.  Utilization of contracted services was also reviewed 
and reduced.  Management continues to critically evaluate its 
organizational and cost structure to identify ways to operate more 
efficiently and cost effectively.

Consolidated expenses directly associated with services provided 
under contracts decreased $5.9 million (11%) during fiscal year 
2013.  This net decrease was primarily due to lower consolidated 
revenues at EEI and its U.S. subsidiaries, which resulted from lower 
service levels provided during the year and to managed reductions 
in technical staff levels.  Expense reductions in the U.S. were 
partially offset by a higher volume of project activity and related 
expenses in South American subsidiaries.

Consolidated administrative, marketing and other indirect expenses 
decreased $1.9 million (3%) during fiscal year 2013.  During the 
year, management at EEI and its U.S. subsidiaries critically reviewed 
indirect staffing levels and key administrative processes, and 
reduced staff counts and utilization of contracted services in 
certain indirect departments.  These cost reductions in the U.S. 
were partially offset by higher indirect expenses to support growth 
in South American subsidiaries and by a $0.8 million software 
impairment charge recorded by EEI during the fourth quarter of 
fiscal year 2013 (refer to Item 1 of this Annual Report).

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $0.3 million 
(12%) during fiscal year 2013, which resulted from acquisitions of 
depreciable assets of $1.8 million and $4.4 million during fiscal 
years 2013 and 2012, respectively.  

A reconciliation of the income tax provision using the statutory 
U.S. income tax rate compared with the actual income tax 
provision reported on the consolidated statements of operations is 
summarized in the following table.

Income tax provision at 
the U.S. federal statutory 
income tax rate

Income from “pass-
through” entities taxable 
to noncontrolling 
partners

International rate 
differences

Other foreign taxes, net 
of federal benefit

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2013     

2012

2011

$ (329,057) $ 1,495,206 $  4,336,758

(102,933)

(255,065)

(293,369)

(197,217)

(329,825)

(267,859)

94,528

211,088

114,797

Foreign dividend income

481,287

329,825

420,921

Domestic manufacturing 
deduction

—

—

(229,593)

State taxes, net of 
federal benefit

Re-evaluation and 
settlements of tax  
contingencies

Peru non-deductible 
expenses

Canada valuation 
allowance

Other permanent 
differences

Income tax provision, as 
reported on the 
consolidated statements 
of operations

3,871

13,193

433,676

(58,105)

(180,304)

173,707

211,000

130,950

—

—

—

—

57,203

(137,202)  

115,904

$  254,234 $ 1,357,916 $ 4,631,235

16

Fiscal Year 2013 Versus 2012
The majority of the income or loss generated by the Company 
occurs in tax jurisdictions with combined income tax rates between 
30 percent and 40 percent.  However, the mix of domestic and 
foreign earnings that created a small consolidated pre-tax loss, 
and the impact of permanent book-to-tax differences that are 
recognized regardless of pre-tax income or loss, resulted in an 
unusual negative effective income tax rate for fiscal year 2013.  
These permanent differences primarily include non-deductible 
expenses in the U.S. and Peru, the establishment of a valuation 
allowance for losses in Canada and foreign dividend income that is 
taxed in the U.S. as a result of a reduced foreign tax credit created 
from the Company’s overall foreign loss.

The income tax provision decreased $1.1 million (81%) during 
fiscal year 2013, primarily as a result of decreased pre-tax income in 
both foreign and domestic operations.  Lower pre-tax income was 
partially offset by higher dividends from our foreign subsidiaries, 

for which we did not receive a foreign tax credit that we benefited 
from in prior years, and establishment of a valuation allowance for 
losses in Canada.

At July 31, 2013, U.S. net operating losses were approximately $3.8 
million, which management intends on carrying back to the July 31, 
2011 fiscal year to obtain a refund.  As of July 31, 2013, the foreign 
tax credit carryforwards were $0.5 million, which will start expiring 
in fiscal year 2021.  

Critical Accounting Policies
The preceding discussion and analysis of our financial condition 
and results of operating results are based on our consolidated 
financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity 
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.  
The significant accounting policies used in the preparation of our 
consolidated financial statements are more fully described in the 
consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual 
Report.

Many of our significant accounting policies require complex 
judgments to estimate values of assets and liabilities.  In making 
these judgments, management must make certain estimates and 
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, 
revenues and expenses.  Because changes in such estimates 
and assumptions could significantly affect our reported financial 
position and results of operations, detailed policies and control 
procedures have been established to ensure that valuation 
methods, including judgments made as part of such methods, 
are well controlled, independently reviewed, and are applied 
consistently from period to period.

On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates to ensure that 
they are based on assumptions that we believe to be reasonable 
under current circumstances.  Our actual results may differ from 
these estimates and assumptions.

Of the significant policies used to prepare our consolidated financial 
statements, the items discussed below require critical accounting 
estimates involving a high degree of judgment and complexity.  
For all of these critical policies, we caution that future events rarely 
develop exactly as forecasted, and the best estimates routinely 
require adjustment.  This information should be read in conjunction 
with our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Revenue Recognition
Our revenues are derived primarily from the professional and 
technical services performed by its employees or, in certain 
cases, by subcontractors engaged to perform on under contracts 
entered into with our clients. The revenues recognized, therefore, 
are derived from our ability to charge clients for those services 
under the contracts.  Sales and cost of sales at our South American 
subsidiaries exclude tax assessments by governmental authorities, 
which are collected by us from its customers and then remitted to 
governmental authorities.

Substantially all of our revenue is derived from environmental 
consulting work.  The consulting revenue is principally derived from 
the sale of labor hours.  The consulting work is performed under 
a mix of fixed price, cost-type, and time and material contracts.  
Contracts are required from all customers.  Revenue is recognized 
as follows:

Contract Type

Work Type

Revenue Recognition Policy

Time and  
Materials

Consulting

As incurred at contract rates.

Fixed Price

Consulting

Cost-Type

Consulting

Percentage of completion, 
approximating the ratio of either 
total costs or Level of Effort (LOE) 
hours incurred to date to total 
estimated costs or LOE hours. 

Costs as incurred. Fixed fee portion 
is recognized using percentage 
of completion determined by the 
percentage of level of effort (LOE) 
hours incurred to total LOE hours in 
the respective contracts.

Revenues associated with these contract types are summarized in 
the following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2013     

2012

2011

Time and materials $  64,522,639 $  76,889,583 $  92,980,325

Fixed price

Cost-plus

58,244,072

67,638,479

66,987,437

12,170,180

10,882,037

9,205,098

Total revenue

$134,936,891 $155,410,099 $169,172,860

Fixed-price contracts generally present the highest level of financial 
and performance risk, but often also provide the highest potential 
financial returns.  Cost-plus contracts present a lower risk, but 
generally provide lower returns and often include more onerous 
terms and conditions.  Time-and-materials contracts generally 
represent the time spent by our professional staff at stated or 
negotiated billing rates.

Fixed price contracts are accounted for using the “percentage-of-
completion” method, wherein revenue is recognized as project 
progress occurs.  Time and material contracts are accounted for 
over the period of performance, in proportion to the costs of 
performance, predominately based on labor hours incurred.  If an 
estimate of costs at completion on any contract indicates that a loss 
will be incurred, the entire estimated loss is charged to operations 
in the period the loss becomes evident.

17

The percentage of completion revenue recognition method 
requires the use of estimates and judgment regarding a project’s 
expected revenues, costs and the extent of progress towards 
completion.  We have a history of making reasonably dependable 
estimates of the extent of progress towards completion, contract 
revenue and contract completion costs.  However, due to 
uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, actual completion 
costs may vary significantly from estimates.

Most of our percentage-of-completion projects follow a method 
which approximates the “cost-to-cost” method of determining 
the percentage of completion.  Under the cost-to-cost method, 
we make periodic estimates of our progress towards project 
completion by analyzing costs incurred to date, plus an estimate of 
the amount of costs that we expect to incur until the completion 
of the project.  Revenue is then calculated on a cumulative basis 
(project-to-date) as the total contract value multiplied by the 
current percentage-of-completion.  The revenue for the current 
period is calculated as cumulative revenues less project revenues 
already recognized.  The recognition of revenues and profit is 
dependent upon a variety of estimates which can be difficult to 
accurately determine until a project is significantly underway.

For projects where the cost-to-cost method does not appropriately 
reflect the progress on the projects, we use alternative methods 
such as actual labor hours, for measuring progress on the project 
and recognize revenue accordingly.  For instance, in a project where 
a large amount of equipment is purchased or an extensive amount 
of mobilization is involved, including these costs in calculating the 
percentage-of-completion may overstate the actual progress on 
the project.  For these types of projects, actual labor hours spent on 
the project may be a more appropriate measure of the progress on 
the project.

Our contracts with the U.S. government contain provisions 
requiring compliance with the Federal Acquisition Regulation 
(“FAR”), and the Cost Accounting Standards (“CAS”).  These 
regulations are generally applicable to all of our federal 
government contracts and are partially or fully incorporated in 
many local and state agency contracts.  They limit the recovery 
of certain specified indirect costs on contracts subject to the 
FAR.  Cost-plus contracts covered by the FAR provide for upward 
or downward adjustments if actual recoverable costs differ from 
the estimate billed.  Most of our federal government contracts are 
subject to termination at the convenience of the client.  Contracts 
typically provide for reimbursement of costs incurred and payment 
of fees earned through the date of such termination.

Federal government contracts are subject to the FAR and some 
state and local governmental agencies require audits, which are 
performed for the most part by the Defense Contract Audit Agency 
(“DCAA”).  The DCAA audits overhead rates, cost proposals, incurred 
government contract costs, and internal control systems.  During 
the course of its audits, the DCAA may question incurred costs if it 
believes we have accounted for such costs in a manner inconsistent 
with the requirements of the FAR or CAS and recommend that 
our U.S. government financial administrative contracting officer 
disallow such costs.  Historically, we have not experienced 
significant disallowed costs as a result of such audits.  However, we 
can provide no assurance that such audits will not result in material 
disallowances of incurred costs in the future.

We maintain an allowance for project disallowances in other 
accrued liabilities for potential cost disallowances resulting from 
government audits and project close-outs.  Government audits 
have been completed for fiscal years through 2007 and final rates 
have been negotiated for fiscal years through 2005.  We have 
estimated our exposure based on completed audits, historical 
experience and discussions with the government auditors.  If these 
estimates or their related assumptions change, we may be required 
to adjust its recorded allowance for project disallowances.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Contract 
Adjustments
We reduce our contract receivables by recording an allowance 
for doubtful accounts for estimated credit losses resulting from a 
client’s inability or unwillingness to pay valid obligations to us.  The 
resulting provision for bad debts is recorded within administrative 
and indirect operating expenses on the consolidated statements of 
income.  The likelihood that the customer will pay is based on the 
judgment of those closest to the related project and the customer.  
At a minimum, management considers the following factors to 
determine the collectability of contract receivables for any specific 
project:

• Customer acknowledgment of amount owed to us;

• Customer liquidity/ability to pay;

• Historical experience with collections from the customer;

• Amount of time elapsed since last payment; and

• Economic, geopolitical and cultural considerations for the 
home country of the customer.

We recognize that there is a high degree of subjectivity and 
imprecision inherent in the process of estimating future credit 
losses that are based on historical trends and customer data.  As a 
result, actual credit losses can differ from these estimates.

We also reduce contract receivables by establishing an 
allowance for billed and earned contract revenues that have 
become unrealizable, or may become unrealizable in the future.  
Management reviews contract receivables and determines 
allowances amounts based on:

• our operating performance related to the adequacy of the 
services performed;

• the status of change orders and claims;

• our historical experience with the customer settling change 
orders and claims; and

• economic, geopolitical and cultural considerations for the 
home country of the customer.

We recognize that there is a high degree of subjectivity and 
imprecision inherent in the process of estimating contract 
allowances that are based on historical trends and customer data.  
As a result, actual contract losses can differ from these estimates.

Goodwill
Goodwill of $1.2 million on our consolidated balance sheets 
represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of 
identifiable net assets acquired in various business acquisitions.  
Goodwill is not amortized, but is reviewed for impairment annually 

18

tax purposes using enacted tax rates expected to be in effect 
for the year in which the temporary differences are expected to 
reverse.  Our policy is to establish a valuation allowance if it is 
“more likely than not” that the related tax benefits will not be 
realized.  At July 31, 2013 and 2012, we determined based on 
available evidence, including historical financial results for the last 
three years and forecasts of future results, that it is “more likely than 
not” that a portion of these items may not be recoverable in the 
future.  Accordingly, we recorded total valuation allowances of $0.6 
million and $0.3 million at July 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, as a 
reduction of deferred tax assets.  

The valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets is considered 
to be a critical estimate because, in assessing the likelihood of 
realization of deferred tax assets, management considers taxable 
income trends and forecasts.  Actual income taxes expensed and/
or paid could vary from estimated amounts due to the impacts of 
various factors, including:

• changes to tax laws enacted by taxing authorities;

• final review of filed tax returns by taxing authorities; and

• actual financial condition and results of operations for future 
periods that could differ from forecasted amounts.

Inflation
During the fiscal years ended July 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, 
inflation did not have a material impact on our business because a 
significant amount of our contracts are either cost based or contain 
commercial rates for services that are adjusted annually.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of July 31, 
2013 or 2012.

during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, or more frequently 
if events, transactions or changes in circumstances indicate 
that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.  We utilize a 
discounted cash flows methodology for determining the fair value 
of the business units to which goodwill has been assigned.  Our 
discounted cash flows methodology includes the following critical 
assumptions:

• Growth rates applied to projected earnings

• Discount rates and terminal year growth rates applied to 
future cash flow projections

Our impairment testing of goodwill is considered to be a critical 
accounting estimate due to the significant judgment required 
for certain assumptions utilized in the models to determine fair 
value.  Assumptions used involve a high degree of subjectivity 
that is based on historical experience and internal forecasts of 
future results.  Actual results in future periods may not necessarily 
approximate historical experience or forecasts.

We completed our annual goodwill impairment test as of July 31, 
2013, and concluded that our recorded goodwill was not at risk for 
impairment as of that date.  As of July 31, 2013, the estimated fair 
values of each of the individual business units to which goodwill 
has been assigned exceeded their carrying values by at least $0.7 
million.

Income Taxes
We operate within multiple tax jurisdictions in the United States 
and in foreign countries.  The calculations of income tax expense or 
benefit and related balance sheet amounts involve a high degree 
of management judgment regarding estimates of the timing 
and probability of recognition of revenue and deductions.  The 
interpretation of tax laws involves uncertainty, since tax authorities 
may interpret laws differently than we do.  We are subject to audit 
in all of our tax jurisdictions, which may involve complex issues 
and may require an extended period of time to resolve.  Ultimate 
resolution of tax matters may result in favorable or unfavorable 
impacts to our net income and/or cash flows.  In management’s 
opinion, adequate reserves have been recorded for any future taxes 
that may be owed as a result of examination by any taxing authority. 

A tax position is a position in a previously filed tax return or a 
position expected to be taken in a future tax filing that is reflected 
in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities. 
Tax positions shall be recognized only when it is more likely than 
not (likelihood of greater than 50%), based on technical merits, that 
the position will be sustained.   Tax positions that meet the more 
likely than not threshold should be measured using a probability 
weighted approach as the largest amount of tax benefit that is 
greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement.  We 
recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits 
in interest expense and penalties in administrative and indirect 
operating expenses.  Whether the more-likely-than-not recognition 
threshold is met for a tax position, is a matter of judgment based on 
the individual facts and circumstances of that position evaluated 
in light of all available evidence.  Based on evidence available, 
management has determined that we did not have any uncertain 
tax positions at July 31, 2013 or 2012.

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary 
differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities 
for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income 

19

Report of Independent Registered 
Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of 
Ecology and Environment, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance 
sheets of Ecology and Environment, Inc. and its subsidiaries 
(collectively, the Company) as of July 31, 2013 and 2012, 
and the related consolidated statements of operations, 
comprehensive (loss) income, changes in shareholders’ 
equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year 
period ended July 31, 2013.  The Company’s management is 
responsible for these financial statements.  Our responsibility is 
to express an opinion on these financial statements based on 
our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards 
of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform 
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether 
the consolidated financial statements are free of material 
misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor 
were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control 
over financial reporting.  Our audit included consideration 
of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for 
designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the 
circumstances, but not for purpose of expressing an opinion 
on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over 
financial reporting.  Accordingly, we express no such opinion.  
An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence 
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated 
financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used 
and significant estimates made by management, as well as 
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  We 
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our 
opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred 
to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 
position of the Company as of July 31, 2013 and 2012, and the 
results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years 
in the three-year period ended July 31, 2013 in conformity with 
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States 
of America.  

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

November 13, 2013

Management’s Report on Internal Control 
Over Financial Reporting
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of 
Ecology and Environment, Inc.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining 
adequate internal control over financial reporting. As defined 
in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f ), internal control over financial 
reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, 
our principal executive and principal financial officer and effected 
by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel to 
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial 
reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements 
for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Internal 
controls include those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to 
the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately 
and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; 
(ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded 
as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in 
accordance with U.S. GAAP and that our receipts and expenditures 
are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our 
management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance 
regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized 
acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a 
material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial 
reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, 
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are 
subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because 
of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with 
the policies or procedures may deteriorate.  Accordingly, even 
effective internal control over financial reporting can only provide 
reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our 
management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief 
Financial Officer, we assessed the effectiveness of our internal 
control over financial reporting as of July 31, 2013 based on the 
criteria in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the 
COSO. Based upon this assessment, management has concluded 
that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of 
July 31, 2013.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the 
Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal 
control over financial reporting.

By: 

Gerald A. Strobel 
Chief Executive Officer

By: 

H. John Mye III 
Chief Financial and Accounting Officer

20

 
Consolidated Balance Sheets

Assets

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

Investment securities available for sale

Contract receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments of 
$5,592,800 and $10,238,391, respectively

Deferred income taxes

Income tax receivable

Other current assets

Total current assets

Property, building and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of 
$24,569,139 and $22,584,958, respectively

Deferred income taxes

Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable

Line of credit

Accrued payroll costs

Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations

Billings in excess of revenue

Other accrued liabilities

Total current liabilities

Income taxes payable

Deferred income taxes

Long-term debt and capital lease obligations

Commitments and contingencies (Note 18)

Shareholders’ equity:

 Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share  

(2,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued)

Class A common stock, par value $.01 per share  

(6,000,000 shares authorized; 2,685,151 shares issued)

Class B common stock, par value $.01 per share;  

(10,000,000 shares authorized; 1,708,574 shares issued)

Capital in excess of par value

Retained earnings

Accumulated other comprehensive income

Treasury stock, at cost (Class A common:  

79,110 and 84,730 shares; Class B common: 64,801 shares)

Total Ecology and Environment, Inc., shareholders’ equity

Noncontrolling interests

Total shareholders’ equity

July 31, 2013

         July 31, 2012

$  9,444,660

$10,467,770

1,463,864

1,404,582

47,134,007

61,568,443

4,308,538

4,355,260

1,784,826

4,799,724

2,502,431

1,802,843

68,491,155

82,545,793

10,122,801

12,112,078

1,089,060

1,978,668

860,499

1,993,785

 $81,681,684 

$97,512,155

 $  9,864,138 

$11,492,602

 6,528,691 

 7,102,910 

 199,658 

 6,437,730 

 4,070,073 

12,309,335

7,529,728

488,460

8,281,919

3,932,588

34,203,200

44,034,632

 124,793 

 462,787 

 251,614 

—

—

194,023

423,324

102,635

—

—

 26,851 

26,851

 17,087 

 20,016,873 

 25,365,853 

 (84,527)

 (1,798,233)

 43,543,904 

3,095,386

46,639,290

17,087

19,751,992

29,534,783

711,842

(1,897,032)

48,145,523

4,612,018

52,757,541

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

 $81,681,684 

$97,512,155

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

21

 
Consolidated Statements of Operations

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,
2012

2013

2011

Revenue, net

$134,936,891  $155,410,099 $169,172,860

Cost of professional services and other direct operating expenses

 49,754,617 

55,632,281

65,914,987

Subcontract costs

 25,041,431 

32,315,179

31,325,937

Administrative and indirect operating expenses

 44,563,873 

44,917,631

42,534,303

Marketing and related costs

Depreciation and amortization

(Loss) Income from operations

Interest expense

Interest income

Other (expense) income

 14,046,177 

15,601,112

15,251,165

 2,428,844 

2,160,062

1,760,763

 (898,051)

4,783,834

12,385,705

 (303,403)

(364,305)

(355,766)

 244,191 

174,743

85,771 

 (40,127)

206,813

64,524 

Gain on sale of assets and investment securities

 80,415 

—

290,526

Net foreign currency exchange (loss) gain

 (50,839)

(403,419)

284,411

(Loss) Income before income tax provision

 (967,814)

4,397,666

12,755,171

Income tax provision

Net (loss) income

 254,234

1,357,916

4,631,235

$  (1,222,048) $    3,039,750 $    8,123,936

Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest

 (908,386)

(2,266,171)

(1,163,673)

Net (loss) income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc.

 $  (2,130,434) $       773,579 $    6,960,263

Net (loss) income per common share: basic and diluted

 $           (0.50) $             0.18 $             1.65

Weighted average common shares outstanding: basic and diluted

 $    4,247,821  $    4,233,883 $    4,222,688

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

22

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net (loss) income

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

Impairment of long-lived assets

Depreciation and amortization expense

(Provision) benefit for deferred income taxes

Share based compensation expense

Tax impact of share-based compensation

Gain on sale of assets and investment securities

Provision for contract adjustments

Bad debt expense

Decrease (increase) in:

- contract receivables

- other current assets

- income tax receivable

- other non-current assets

Decrease (increase) in:

- accounts payable

- accrued payroll costs

- income taxes payable

- billings in excess of revenue

- other accrued liabilities

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

Cash flows (used in) provided by investing activities:

Acquisition of noncontrolling interest of subsidiaries

Purchase of Engineering Consulting Services, Inc., net of cash equivalents of $309,487

Purchase of property, building and equipment

Change in accounts payable due to purchase of equipment

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment

Proceeds from sale of investments

Purchase of investment securities

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities:

Dividends paid

Proceeds from debt

Repayment of debt and capital lease obligations

Net (payments on) proceeds from line of credit 

Distributions to noncontrolling interests

Proceeds from sale of subsidiary shares to noncontrolling interests

Purchase of treasury stock

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

Net decrease (increase) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Cash paid during the year for:

     - Interest

     - Income Taxes

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash items:

Dividends declared and not paid

Acquistion of noncontrolling interest of subsidiaries - Loan

Change in accounts payable due to equipment purchases

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,
2012

2013

2011

 $(1,222,048)

$  3,039,750

$   8,123,936

 846,000 

—

  2,428,844  

2,160,062

  203,165  

 507,796 

 (74,429)

 (80,415)

113,717

731,583

105,988

—

 6,319,650 

1,810,557

 (287,426)

514,411

—

1,760,763

(910,413)

541,175

—

(290,526)

2,943,470

450,000

 7,228,782 

(2,287,607)

(18,286,613)

 (97,563)

314,587

(114,402)

 (1,832,096)

(2,502,431)

 6,951 

31,973

—

42,082

 (628,189)

(1,859,530)

822,701

 (172,087)

(1,458,928)

1,545,961

 (69,230)

(1,375,614)

 (1,430,143)

1,237,329

 295,562 

 11,943,124 

(936,135)

(360,288)

 (595,556)

(908,892)

—

—

(98,721)

3,396,873

1,084,505

1,010,791

(637,745)

(790,513)

 (1,845,241)

(4,443,962)

(2,476,059)

 1,554,425 

(283,071)

—

953,749

322,807

 (1,671,284)

102,527

(195,163)

 (2,557,656)

(5,533,398)

(2,822,924)

 (2,037,323)

(2,046,657)

(1,814,839)

 255,487 

 (853,127)

145,401

(974,644)

 (5,782,992)

12,309,335

795,795

(945,320)

—

 (1,532,912)

(1,123,896)

(847,749)

—

—

41,634

90,368

(363,050)

(1,335,960)

 (9,950,867)

7,988,123

(4,057,705)

 (457,711)

(156,509)

52,486

 (1,023,110)

1,937,928

(5,817,352)

 10,467,770 

8,529,842

14,347,194

 $  9,444,660 

$10,467,770

$   8,529,842

 $     301,154 

 $     395,146 

 $      342,778 

 1,596,760 

 6,510,514 

 5,559,378 

 1,018,783 

 1,028,881 

 212,401 

 670,678 

 795,856 

 (283,071)

 880,417 

 458,224 

 953,749 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

23

 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

Common Stock

Class

Shares

Amount

Capital in Excess 
of Par Value

Retained 
Earnings

Accumulated Other
Comprehensive 
Income (loss)

Treasury Stock

     Shares

       Amount

Noncontrolling 
Interests

 2,685,072 

 $26,850 

 1,708,653 

 $17,088 

}

 $20,059,200 

 $25,800,803 

 $  815,906 

 201,262 

 $(1,855,466)

 $4,369,641 

 6,960,263 

—

—

 686,380 

A

B

A

B

Balance at July 31, 2010

Net income

Foreign currency translation adjustment

Cash dividends paid ($.46 per share)

Unrealized investment gain, net

Conversion of common stock - B to A

Repurchase of Class A common stock

Issuance of stock under stock award plan

Share-based compensation expense

Sale of subsidiary shares to noncontrolling interests

Issuance of shares to noncontrolling interests

Distributions to noncontrolling interests

Purchase of additional noncontrolling interests

Stock award plan forfeitures

Balance at July 31, 2011

Net income

Foreign currency translation adjustment

Cash dividends paid ($.48 per share)

Unrealized investment gain, net

Repurchase of Class A common stock

Issuance of stock under stock award plan

Share-based compensation expense

Tax impact of share based compensation

Sale of subsidiary shares to noncontrolling interests

Distributions to noncontrolling interests

Purchase of additional noncontrolling interests

Stock award plan forfeitures

Balance at July 31, 2012

Net (loss) Income

Foreign currency translation adjustment

Cash dividends paid ($.48 per share)

Unrealized investment loss, net

Share-based compensation expense

Tax impact of share based compensation

Distributions to noncontrolling interests

Purchase of additional noncontrolling interests

Stock award plan forfeitures

Balance at July 31, 2013

24

—

—

—

—

79

(79)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

(1)

}

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 (482,061)

 541,175 

—

—

—

 (135,285)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 (716,662)

 731,583 

105,988

 —

—

 (351,946)

—

 (1,963,303)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 (2,036,559)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 84,002 

 (1,335,960)

 (55,041)

 482,061 

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 1,163,673 

 12,119 

—

—

—

—

—

 90,368 

 667,000 

(847,749)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 22,825 

 (363,050)

 (62,099)

 716,662 

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 2,266,171 

 124,455 

—

—

—

—

—

—

 41,634 

 (1,123,896)

—

 (11,189)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 17,597 

—

—

—

—

—

—

A

B

 2,685,151 

 $26,851 

  1,708,574 

$17,087

}

 $19,983,029 

 $30,797,763 

 $1,527,189 

 190,724 

 $(2,317,515)

 $3,923,429 

36,092

—

 (39,895)

 391,850 

 (1,531,623)

 396 

—

—

 773,579 

—

—

 (871,476)

 38,532 

—

 (5,208)

 3,289 

 66,871 

 (619,775)

A

B

2,685,151

1,708,574

$26,851

$17,087

}

 $19,751,992 

 $29,534,783 

 $   711,842 

 149,531 

 $(1,897,032)

 $4,612,018 

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 507,796 

 (74,429)

—

 (168,486)

—

 (2,130,434)

—

—

 (790,464)

 (2,038,496)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 (28,675)

—

—

—

 22,770 

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

 908,386 

 (116,171)

—

—

—

—

 (1,532,912)

 (7,804)

 2,184 

 98,799 

 (775,935)

—

—

A 
B

2,685,151
1,708,574

$26,851
$17,087

}

 $20,016,873 

 $25,365,853 

 $  (84,527)

 143,911 

 $(1,798,233)

 $3,095,386 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

                                       
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
Ecology and Environment, Inc., (“EEI” or the “Parent Company”) 
was incorporated in 1970 as a global broad-based environmental 
consulting firm whose underlying philosophy is to provide 
professional services worldwide so that sustainable economic and 
human development may proceed with acceptable impact on 
the environment.  Together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the 
“Company”), EEI has direct and indirect ownership in 19 wholly 
owned and majority owned operating subsidiaries in 12 countries.  
The Company’s staff is comprised of individuals representing 
more than 80 scientific, engineering, health, and social disciplines 
working together in multidisciplinary teams to provide innovative 
environmental solutions.  The Company has completed more 
than 50,000 projects for a wide variety of clients in more than 
120 countries, providing environmental solutions in nearly every 
ecosystem on the planet.  

Certain prior year amounts were reclassified to conform to the 
consolidated financial statement presentation for the fiscal year 
ended July 31, 2013.

2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Pronouncements Adopted During  
the Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2013
In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board 
(“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2013-
02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other 
Comprehensive Income (“ASU 2013-02”).  ASU 2013-02 requires 
entities to provide information about amounts reclassified out of 
accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) by component.  
In addition, entities are required to present, either on the face of the 
financial statements or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified 
out of AOCI by the respective line items of net income, but only if 
the amount reclassified is required to be reclassified in its entirety 
in the same reporting period.  For amounts that are not required to 
be reclassified in their entirety to net income, an entity is required 
to cross-reference to other disclosures that provide additional 
details about those amounts.  The Company adopted ASU 2013-12 
effective February 1, 2013 and applied its provisions prospectively.  
The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the 
Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In June 2011, FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05 Comprehensive 
Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income 
(“ASU 2011-05”).  ASU 2011-05 increases the prominence of other 
comprehensive income in financial statements.  Under ASU 
2011-05, companies have the option to present the components 
of net income and comprehensive income in either one or two 
consecutive financial statements.  The Company adopted ASU 
2011-05 effective August 1, 2012 and applied its provisions 
retrospectively.  The adoption of this standard did not have 
a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial 
statements. 

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted  
as of July 31, 2013
In July 2013, FASB issued ASU No. 2013-11 Income Taxes (Topic 740): 
Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating 
Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward 
Exists (“ASU 2013-11”).  ASU 2013-11 requires that an unrecognized 

tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, should be 
presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred 
tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, 
or a tax credit carryforward, except as follows.  To the extent a 
net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit 
carryforward is not available at the reporting date under the tax law 
of the applicable jurisdiction to settle any additional income taxes 
that would result from the disallowance of a tax position or the tax 
law of the applicable jurisdiction does not require the entity to use, 
and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for 
such purpose, the unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in 
the financial statements as a liability and should not be combined 
with deferred tax assets. The Company intends to adopt the 
provisions of ASU 2013-11 effective August 1, 2014 and apply its 
provisions retrospectively.   The adoption of this standard is not 
expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated 
financial statements. 

3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of 
the EEI and its wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries.  All 
intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with 
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of 
America requires management to make estimates and assumptions 
as of the date of the financial statements, which affect the reported 
values of assets and liabilities and revenues and expenses and 
disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities.  Actual results may 
differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition and Contract Receivables, Net
Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is derived from 
environmental consulting work.  The consulting revenue is 
principally derived from the sale of labor hours.  The consulting 
work is performed under a mix of fixed price, cost-type, and time 
and material contracts.  Contracts are required from all customers.  
Revenue is recognized as follows:

Contract Type

Work Type

Revenue Recognition Policy

Time and  
Materials

Consulting

As incurred at contract rates.

Fixed Price

Consulting

Cost-Type

Consulting

Percentage of completion, 
approximating the ratio of either 
total costs or Level of Effort (LOE) 
hours incurred to date to total 
estimated costs or LOE hours. 

Costs as incurred. Fixed fee portion 
is recognized using percentage 
of completion determined by the 
percentage of level of effort (LOE) 
hours incurred to total LOE hours in 
the respective contracts.

Revenues reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of 
operations represent services rendered for which the Company 
maintains a primary contractual relationship with its customers.  

25

Included in revenues are certain services outside the Company’s 
normal operations which the Company has elected to subcontract 
to other contractors.

probability of payment.  Such contract adjustments are recorded 
as direct adjustments to revenue in the consolidated statements of 
operations.  

Substantially all of the Company’s cost-type work is with federal 
governmental agencies and, as such, is subject to audits after 
contract completion.  Under these cost-type contracts, provisions 
for adjustments to accrued revenue are recognized on a quarterly 
basis and based on past audit settlement history.  Government 
audits have been completed and final rates have been negotiated 
through fiscal year 2005.  The Company records an allowance 
for project disallowances in other accrued liabilities for potential 
disallowances resulting from government audits (refer to Note 11 of 
these consolidated financial statements).

Change orders can occur when changes in scope are made 
after project work has begun, and can be initiated by either the 
Company or its clients.  Claims are amounts in excess of the agreed 
contract price which the Company seeks to recover from a client 
for customer delays and /or errors or unapproved change orders 
that are in dispute.  Costs related to change orders and claims are 
recognized as incurred.  Revenues and profit are recognized on 
change orders when it is probable that the change order will be 
approved and the amount can be reasonably estimated.  Revenues 
are recognized only up to the amount of costs incurred on contract 
claims when realization is probable, estimable and reasonable 
support from the customer exists.

All bid and proposal and other pre-contract costs are expensed 
as incurred.  Out of pocket expenses such as travel, meals, field 
supplies, and other costs billed direct to contracts are included 
in both revenues and cost of professional services.  Sales and 
cost of sales at the Company’s South American subsidiaries 
exclude tax assessments by governmental authorities, which are 
collected by the Company from its customers and then remitted to 
governmental authorities.

Billed contract receivables represent amounts billed to clients in 
accordance with contracted terms, which have not been collected 
from clients as of the end of the reporting period.  Billed contract 
receivables may include: (1) amounts billed for revenues from 
incurred costs and fees that have been earned in accordance with 
contractual terms; and (2) progress billings in accordance with 
contractual terms that include revenue not yet earned as of the end 
of the reporting period.

Unbilled contract receivables result from: (i) revenues from incurred 
costs and fees which have been earned, but are not billed as of 
period-end; and (ii) differences between year-to-date provisional 
billings and year-to-date actual contract costs incurred.  

The Company reduces contract receivables by recording an 
allowance for doubtful accounts to account for the estimated 
impact of collection issues resulting from a client’s inability or 
unwillingness to pay valid obligations to the Company.  The 
resulting provision for bad debts is recorded within administrative 
and indirect operating expenses on the consolidated statements of 
operations.

The Company also reduces contract receivables by establishing 
an allowance for billed and earned contract revenues that have 
become unrealizable, or may become unrealizable in the future.  
Management reviews contract receivables and determines 
allowance amounts based on historical experience, geopolitical 
considerations, client acknowledgment of the amount owed, 
client ability to pay, relationship history with the client and the 

26

Investment Securities, Available for Sale
Investment securities have been classified as available for sale 
and are stated at fair value.  Unrealized gains or losses related to 
investment securities available for sale are recorded in accumulated 
other comprehensive income, net of applicable income taxes in 
the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and consolidated 
statements of changes in shareholders’ equity.  The cost basis of 
securities sold is based on the specific identification method.  

Property, Building and Equipment, Depreciation and 
Amortization
Property, building and equipment are stated at the lower of 
depreciated or amortized cost or fair market value.  Land and land 
improvements are not depreciated or amortized.  Methods of 
depreciation or amortization and useful lives for all other long-lived 
assets are summarized in the following table.

                      Depreciation/Amortization Method Useful Lives

Buildings

Building 
Improvements

Straight-line

Straight-line

32-40 Years

7-15 Years

Field Equipment

Straight-line

3-7 Years

Computer equipment

Straight-line and Accelerated

3-7 Years

Computer software

Office furniture and 
equipment

Vehicles

Leasehold 
improvements

Straight-line

Straight-line

Straight-line

Straight-line

10 Years

3-7 Years

3-5 Years

(1)

(1) Leasehold improvements are amortized for book purposes over the terms of the 
leases or the estimated useful lives of the assets, whichever is shorter. 

Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense 
as incurred.  Expenditures for improvements are capitalized 
when either the value or useful life of the related asset have been 
increased.  When property or equipment is retired or sold, any gain 
or loss on the transaction is reflected in the current year’s earnings.

The Company capitalizes costs of software acquisition and 
development projects, including costs related to software design, 
configuration, coding, installation, testing and parallel processing. 
Capitalized software costs are recorded in fixed assets, net of 
accumulated amortization, on the consolidated balance sheets. 
Capitalized software development costs generally include:

• external direct costs of materials and services consumed to 
obtain or develop software for internal use;

• payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are 
directly associated with and who devote time to the project, 
to the extent of time spent directly on the project;

• costs to obtain or develop software that allows for access or 
conversion of old data by new systems;

• costs of upgrades and/or enhancements that result in 
additional functionality for existing software; and

• interest costs incurred while developing internal-use 
software that could have been avoided if the expenditures 
had not been made.

The costs of computer software obtained or developed for internal 
use is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful 
life of the software.  Amortization begins when the software and 
all related software modules on which it is functionally dependent 
are ready for their intended use.  Amortization expense is recorded 
in depreciation and amortization in the consolidated statements of 
operations.  The Company’s amortization period does not exceed 
ten years for any capitalized software project.

The following software-related costs are generally expensed as 
incurred and recorded in general and administrative expenses on 
the consolidated statements of operations:

• research costs, such as costs related to the determination 
of needed technology and the formulation, evaluation and 
selection of alternatives;

• costs to determine system performance requirements for a 
proposed software project;

• costs of selecting a vendor for acquired software;

• costs of selecting a consultant to assist in the development 
or installation of new software;

• internal or external training costs related to software;

• internal or external maintenance costs related to software;

• costs associated with the process of converting data from old 
to new systems, including purging or cleansing existing data, 
reconciling or balancing of data in the old and new systems 
and creation of new data;

• updates and minor modifications; and

• fees paid for general systems consulting and overall 
control reviews that are not directly associated with the 
development of software.

Capitalized software costs are evaluated for recoverability/
impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate 
that its carrying amount may not be recoverable, including when:

• existing software is not expected to provide future service 
potential;

• it is no longer probable that software under development 
will be completed and placed in service; and

• costs of developing or modifying internal-use software 
significantly exceed expected development costs or costs of 
comparable third-party software.

Refer to Note 7 of these consolidated financial statements for 
additional disclosures regarding the Company’s property, plant and 
equipment.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company’s financial assets or liabilities are measured using 
inputs from the three levels of the fair value hierarchy.  The asset’s 
or liability’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based 
on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value 
measurement.  Valuation techniques used need to maximize the 
use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable 
inputs.  The Company has not elected a fair value option on any 
assets or liabilities. The three levels of the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that 
are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted 
assets or liabilities. Generally this includes debt and equity securities 
and derivative contracts that are traded on an active exchange 
market (e.g., New York Stock Exchange) as well as certain U.S. 
Treasury and U.S. Government and agency mortgage-backed 
securities that are highly liquid and are actively traded in over-the-
counter markets.  

Level 2 Inputs – Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active 
markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities 
in inactive markets; or valuations based on models where the 
significant inputs are observable (e.g., interest rates, yield curves, 
credit risks, etc.) or can be corroborated by observable market 
data.  The Company’s investment securities classified as Level 2 are 
comprised of international and domestic corporate and municipal 
bonds.

Level 3 Inputs – Valuations based on models where significant inputs 
are not observable.  The unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s 
own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants 
would use. 

The availability of observable market data is monitored to assess 
the appropriate classification of financial instruments within the 
fair value hierarchy.  Changes in economic conditions or model-
based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial 
instruments from one fair value level to another.  In such instances, 
the transfer is reported at the beginning of the reporting period.  

Refer to Note 5 of these consolidated financial statements for 
additional disclosures regarding the fair value of the Company’s 
financial instruments.

Goodwill
Goodwill of $1.2 million is included in other assets on the 
accompanying consolidated balance sheets.  Goodwill is subject to 
an annual assessment for impairment by comparing the estimated 
fair values of reporting units to which Goodwill has been assigned, 
as calculated using a discounted cash flow method, to the recorded 
book value of the respective reporting units.  The Company’s most 
recent annual impairment assessment for goodwill was completed 
during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2013.  The results of this 
assessment showed that the fair values of the reporting units to 
which goodwill is assigned was in excess of the book values of 
the respective reporting units, resulting in the identification of no 
goodwill impairment. 

Goodwill is also assessed for impairment between annual 
assessments whenever events or circumstances make it more likely 
than not that an impairment may have occurred. The Company 
identified no events or changes in circumstances during the 
fiscal year ended July 31, 2013 that necessitated an evaluation for 
impairment of goodwill.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company assesses recoverability of the carrying value of long-
lived assets by estimating the future net cash flows (undiscounted) 
expected to result from the asset, including eventual disposition.  
If the future net cash flows are less than the carrying value of 
the asset, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the difference 
between the asset’s carrying value and fair value.  The Company 
identified no events or changes in circumstances that necessitated 
an evaluation for an impairment of long lived assets during the 
fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.

27

Foreign Currencies
The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries where the local 
currency is the functional currency are translated into U.S. dollars 
using exchange rates in effect at period end for assets and 
liabilities and average exchange rates during each reporting period 
for results of operations.  Translation adjustments are deferred 
in accumulated other comprehensive income.  Transaction 
gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on 
transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional 
currency are included in the results of operations as incurred.  The 
Company recorded foreign currency transaction (losses) gains of 
approximately $(0.1) million, $(0.4) million  and $0.3 million for the 
fiscal years ended July 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries located in highly 
inflationary economies are remeasured as if the functional currency 
were the U.S. dollar.  The remeasurement of local currencies into 
U.S. dollars creates transaction adjustments which are included in 
net income.  The Company did not record any highly inflationary 
economy translation adjustments for the fiscal years ended July 31, 
2013, 2012 or 2011.

Income Taxes
The Company follows the asset and liability approach to account for 
income taxes.  This approach requires the recognition of deferred 
tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences 
of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and 
the tax bases of assets and liabilities.  Although realization is not 
assured, management believes it is more likely than not that the 
recorded net deferred tax assets will be realized.  Since in some 
cases management has utilized estimates, the amount of the net 
deferred tax asset considered realizable could be reduced in the 
near term.  No provision has been made for United States income 
taxes applicable to undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries 
as it is the intention of the Company to indefinitely reinvest those 
earnings in the operations of those entities.

Income tax expense includes U.S. and international income taxes, 
determined using the applicable statutory rates.  A deferred tax 
liability is recognized for all taxable temporary differences, and 
a deferred tax asset is recognized for all deductible temporary 
differences and net operating loss carryforwards.

The Company has significant deferred tax assets, resulting 
principally from contract reserves and accrued expenses.  The 
Company periodically evaluates the likelihood of realization of 
deferred tax assets, and provides for a valuation allowance when 
necessary.

Additionally, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) 
Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic Income Taxes, 
prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement principles for 
financial statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to 
be taken on a tax return.   A tax position is a position in a previously 
filed tax return or a position expected to be taken in a future tax 
filing that is reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax 
assets and liabilities.  Tax positions shall be recognized only when 
it is more likely than not (likelihood of greater than 50%), based on 
technical merits, that the position will be sustained. Tax positions 
that meet the more likely than not threshold should be measured 
using a probability weighted approach as the largest amount 
of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized 
upon settlement. Whether the more-likely-than-not recognition 
threshold is met for a tax position, is a matter of judgment based on 

28

the individual facts and circumstances of that position evaluated 
in light of all available evidence.  The Company recognizes interest 
accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense 
and penalties in administrative and indirect operating expenses.

Refer to Note 10 of these consolidated financial statements for 
additional disclosures regarding income taxes.

Defined Contribution Plans
EEI has a non-contributory defined contribution plan providing 
deferred benefits for substantially all of its employees.  The annual 
expense of the defined contribution plan is based on a percentage 
of eligible wages as authorized by EEI’s Board of Directors.  

Walsh Environmental Scientists & Engineers, LLC (“Walsh”), a majority 
owned subsidiary of EEI, has a defined contribution plan providing 
deferred benefits for substantially all of its employees.  Walsh 
contributes a percentage of eligible wages up to a maximum of 4%.

Refer to Note 15 of these consolidated financial statements 
for additional disclosures regarding the Company’s defined 
contribution plans.

Stock-Based Compensation
The company expenses the value of employee stock awards over 
the vesting period of the respective award.  Share-based awards 
are measured at fair value on the respective grant date, based 
on the estimated number of awards that are expected to vest.  
Compensation cost for awards that vest is not reversed if the 
awards expire without being exercised.  

Refer to Note 12 of these consolidated financial statements for 
additional disclosures regarding stock-based compensation.

Earnings Per Share
Basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing 
income available to common shareholders by the weighted 
average number of common shares outstanding for the reporting 
period.  The Company allocates undistributed earnings between 
the classes on a one-to-one basis when computing EPS.  As a result, 
basic and fully diluted earnings per Class A and Class B shares are 
equal amounts.  Refer to Notes 13 and 16 of these consolidated 
financial statements for additional disclosures regarding EPS.

Comprehensive (Loss) Income 
Comprehensive (loss) income is defined as “the change in equity 
of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and 
other events and circumstances from non-owner sources.”  
Comprehensive (loss) income includes total net earnings plus 
other comprehensive (loss) income during a reporting period.  
Other comprehensive (loss) income includes currency translation 
adjustments on foreign subsidiaries and unrealized gains or losses 
on available-for-sale securities.  

4.  Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased 
with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.  
The Company invests cash in excess of operating requirements 
in income-producing short-term investments.  At July 31, 2013 
and 2012, money market funds of $1.5 million and $2.0 million, 
respectively, were included in cash and cash equivalents in the 
accompanying consolidated balance sheets and consolidated 
statements of cash flows.  Approximately $0.7 million of bank 
overdrafts were classified as accounts payable at July 31, 2013.

5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities that are 
measured at fair value on a recurring basis is summarized by level 
within the fair value hierarchy in the following table.

Contract Receivable Concentrations
Significant concentrations of contract receivables and the 
allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments are 
summarized in the following table. 

Assets

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

                                                             Balance at July 31, 2013

Balance at July 31, 2013:

Investment  
securities, available 
for sale

$1,463,864 $       — $ — $1,463,864

Region

Allowance 
for Doubtful 
Accounts 
and Contract 
Adjustments

Contract
Receivables

Balance at July 31, 2012:

Investment  
securities, available 
for sale

$ 1,353,365 $51,217

$ — $1,404,582

Investment securities, available for sale includes mutual funds 
that are valued at the net asset value of shares (“NAV”) held by 
the Company at period end.  Mutual funds held by the Company 
are open-end mutual funds that are registered with the Securities 
and Exchange Commission.  These funds are required to publish 
their daily NAV and to transact at that price, and are deemed to be 
actively traded.  The Company recorded gross unrealized gains of 
less than $0.1 million related to these funds in accumulated other 
comprehensive income at July 31, 2013 and 2012.

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximated 
fair value at July 31, 2013 and 2012.  These assets were classified as 
level 1 instruments at both dates.  

Long-term debt consists of bank loans and capitalized equipment 
leases.  Lines of credit consist of borrowings for working capital 
requirements.  Based on the Company’s assessment of the current 
financial market and corresponding risks associated with the 
debt and line of credit borrowings, management believes that 
the carrying amount of these liabilities approximated fair value at 
July 31, 2013 and 2012.  These liabilities were classified as level 2 
instruments at both dates.  

There were no financial instruments classified as level 3 at July 31, 
2013 or 2012.

6. Contract Receivables, net
Contract receivables, net are summarized in the following table.

                                                             Balance at July 31,

Contract Receivables:  

Billed

Unbilled

2013

2012

$36,284,950 $42,977,016

16,441,857

28,829,818

52,726,807

71,806,834

Allowance for doubtful accounts and 
contract adjustments

(5,592,800)

(10,238,391)

Total contract receivables, net  

$47,134,007 $61,568,443

Billed contract receivables include contractual retainage balances 
of $0 and $0.2 million at July 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.  
Management anticipates that the July 31, 2013 unbilled receivables 
will be substantially billed and collected within one year.  

United States, Canada and  
South America

$41,302,180

$ 1,576,746

Middle East/Africa

10,876,151

3,886,508

Asia

Totals

548,476

129,546

$52,726,807

$ 5,592,800

                                                             Balance at July 31, 2012

Region

United States, Canada and  
South America

Allowance 
for Doubtful 
Accounts 
and Contract 
Adjustments

Contract
Receivables

$46,064,299

$  1,729,515

Middle East/Africa

21,224,062

7,377,650

Asia

Totals

4,518,473

1,131,226

$71,806,834

$10,238,391

During the three months ended July 31, 2013, the Company 
recorded $10.7 million of specific write-offs of aged and 
uncollectible contract receivables related to projects in China, 
the Middle East and northern Africa, which resulted in equivalent 
reductions in contract receivables and the allowance for doubtful 
accounts and contract adjustments.  The decision to write-off 
these contract receivable balances was based on management’s 
assessment that cash collections are not likely.  

Prior to these write-off adjustments, combined contract receivables 
related to projects in the Middle East, Africa and Asia represented 
35% and 36% of total contract receivables at July 31, 2013 and 
2012, while the combined allowance for doubtful accounts and 
contract adjustments related to these projects represented 90% 
and 83%, respectively, of the total allowance for doubtful accounts 
and contract adjustments at those same period end dates.  These 
allowance percentages highlight the Company’s experience of 
heightened operating risks (i.e., political, regulatory and cultural 
risks) within these foreign regions in comparison with similar risks 
in the United States, Canada and South America.  These heightened 
operating risks have ultimately resulted in increased collection risks 
as well as the expending of resources that the Company may not 
recover for several months, or at all.  

Middle East/Africa
As of July 31, 2012, the Company recorded $14.8 million of contract 
receivables and $3.9 million of allowance for doubtful accounts and 
contract adjustments related to specific projects in the Middle East.  
During the quarter ended January 31, 2013, the Company received 
$7.1 million of cash related to one of these projects, which resulted 

29

 
 
 
 
 
 
in reductions in contract receivables and the allowance for doubtful 
accounts and contract adjustments of $7.1 million and $1.7 million, 
respectively.  This reduction in the allowance for doubtful accounts 
and contract adjustments was partially offset by $0.4 million of 
contract adjustments recorded in response to continued aging of 
contract receivables related to other projects in the Middle East.

During fiscal year 2013, the Company recorded $0.9 million of 
contract adjustments related to work completed for a project in 
northern Africa, for which the client has not yet approved the 
project tasks as of July 31, 2013.

During the three months ended July 31, 2013, the Company 
recorded $3.4 million of specific write-offs of aged, uncollectible 
and fully reserved contract receivables related to projects in the 
Middle East and Africa, which resulted in equivalent reductions in 
contract receivables and the allowance for doubtful accounts and 
contract adjustments.  

Asia
In January 2013, the Company announced that it had entered into a 
contract to provide environmental consulting services to a client in 
China.  This contract replaced a previous agreement from fiscal year 
2011.  Through July 31, 2013, the Company recorded $6.8 million 
of contract receivables related to these agreements in China.  
Since inception of these agreements, the Company encountered 
significant transitional issues and delays in collecting payments due 
to us.  

After considering the age of the related contract receivables, non-
payment of advanced payments owed to the Company and the 
lack of any other cash collections to date, management concluded 
during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2013 that the contract 
receivables from the client in China were uncollectible, and the 
Company recorded $4.8 million of contract adjustments during 
the quarter, of which $3.8 million related to revenue and contract 
receivables recorded during fiscal year 2013.  For all of fiscal year 
2013, the Company recorded $6.3 million of contract adjustments 
related to these contract receivables.  The total allowance for 
doubtful accounts and contract adjustments related to these 
contracts was $6.8 million at July 31, 2013, which represented 100% 
of the related contract receivable balances.  During the fourth 
quarter of fiscal year 2013, management suspended all project 
activity related to these contracts.  

During the three months ended July 31, 2013, the Company 
recorded $7.3 million of specific write-offs of aged, uncollectible 
and fully reserved contract receivables related to projects in China, 
which resulted in equivalent reductions in contract receivables and 
the allowance for doubtful accounts and contract adjustments.  

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and  
Contract Adjustments
Activity within the allowance for doubtful accounts and contract 
adjustments is summarized in the following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2013     

2012

2011

$10,238,391 $  6,755,087 $3,373,673

Balance at beginning of 
period

Net increase (decrease)
due to adjustments in the  
allowance for:

 Contract adjustments (1)

6,319,650

1,635,311

3,355,971

 Doubtful accounts (2)

(287,426)

689,657

424,377

Transfer of reserves to 
(from) allowance for 
doubtful accounts and 
contract adjustments 
from (to) allowance for 
project disallowances (3)

Specific write-off of 
contract receivables and 
reserves during the 
period

61,123

1,158,336

(398,934)

(10,738,938)

—

— 

Balance at end of period

$  5,592,800 $10,238,391 $6,755,087

(1) Increases (decreases) to the allowance for contract adjustments on the 
consolidated balance sheets are also recorded as (decreases) increases to revenue on 
the consolidated statements of operations.

(2) Increases (decreases) to the allowance for doubtful accounts on the consolidated 
balance sheets are also recorded as increases (decreases) to administrative and other 
indirect operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.

(3) The allowance for project disallowances is included in other accrued liabilities on 
the consolidated balance sheets.  Refer to Note 11 of these consolidated financial 
statements.

7. Property, Building and Equipment, Net
Property, plant and equipment is summarized in the following 
table.

                                                             Balance at July 31,

2013

2012

Land and land improvements

$     393,051

$     393,051

Buildings and building improvements

12,231,788

12,231,788

Field Equipment

Computer equipment

Computer software

3,128,859

3,214,319

8,931,030

8,533,890

3,617,527

4,057,531

Office furniture and equipment

4,023,004

3,898,444

Vehicles

Other

Accumulated depreciation and 
amortization.

1,548,901

1,511,742

817,780

856,271

34,691,940

34,697,036

(24,569,139)

(22,584,958)

$10,122,801

$12,112,078

30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
During fiscal years 2012 and 2013, the Company acquired and 
developed a new operating and financial software system for 
use by EEI and its U.S. and foreign subsidiaries.  Through July 31, 
2013, the Company capitalized $4.1 million of expenditures for 
the acquisition and development of this system, which was being 
amortized over a 10 year useful life.  During the quarter ended July 
31, 2013, management assessed the utility and effectiveness of 
various modules included in the software package, and determined 
that certain software modules do not meet the needs of users that 
rely on the system and will not provide any future service potential.  
As a result, the Company recorded a software impairment charge 
of $0.8 million during the three months ended July 31, 2013, which 
was included in administrative and indirect operating expenses on 
the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

In November 2013, after an extensive assessment process, 
management decided to abandon its existing operating and financial 
software system and migrate to new system software.  The Company 
currently plans to acquire and develop the new software during 
fiscal year 2014, with a target go-live date of August 1, 2014.  The 
Company will continue to utilize the current software system until 
the new system go-live date, at which time the current system will be 
abandoned.  As a result, management anticipates that unamortized 
software development costs for the current system of $2.7 million as 
of July 31, 2013 will be completely amortized by July 31, 2014.

8. Lines of Credit
Unsecured lines of credit are summarized in the following table.

                                                             Balance at July 31,

2013

2012

Outstanding cash draws, recorded as 
lines of credit on the accompanying 
consolidated balance sheets

Outstanding letters of credit to support 
operations

3,080,938

2,615,415

Total amounts used under lines of credit

9,609,629 14,924,750

Remaining amounts available under 
lines of credit

24,759,371 19,444,250

Total approved unsecured lines of credit   $34,369,000 $34,369,000

Contractual interest rates ranged from 2.5% to 5.0% at July 31, 2013 
and 2012.  The Company’s lenders have reaffirmed the lines of 
credit within the past twelve months.

9. Debt and Capital Lease Obligations
Debt and capital lease obligations are summarized in the following 
table.

                                                             July 31,

Various bank loans and advances at 
interest rates ranging from 5% to 14%

Capital lease obligations at varying 
interest rates averaging 11%

2013

2012

$  276,934

$ 372,744

174,338

218,351

451,272

591,095

Current portion of long-term debt and 
capital lease obligations 

Long-term debt and capital lease 
obligations

(199,658)

(488,460)

$  251,614

$ 102,635

The aggregate maturities of long-term debt and capital lease 
obligations as of July 31, 2013 are summarized in the following 
table.

August 2013 – July 2014

$199,658

August 2014 – July 2015

177,024

August 2015 – July 2016

74,590

August 2016 – July 2017

August 2017 – July 2018

Thereafter

—

—

—

Total

$451,272

10. Income Taxes
Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision (benefit) 
for income taxes and noncontrolling interest is summarized in the 
following table.

Domestic

Foreign

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2013     

2012

2011

$(3,055,338)

$ (993,959)

$  7,212,154

2,087,524

5,391,625

5,543,017

$   (967,814) 

$4,397,666

$12,755,171

The income tax provision is summarized in the following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2013     

2012

2011

     State

     Foreign

Deferred:

     Federal

     State

     Foreign

181,434

855,500

(232,800)

786,651

1,652,202

1,740,867

    51,069

1,244,199

5,541,648

  200,197

(178,438)

181,406

   509,161

  (409,268)

(35,273)

(91,656)

(360,171)

(409,489)

  203,165

   113,717

  (910,413)

$  254,234

$1,357,916 

$ 4,631,235

31

$  6,528,691

$12,309,335

     Federal

$(985,865)

$ (175,203)

$ 3,014,130

Current:

 
 
 
 
 
A reconciliation of the income tax provision using the statutory 
U.S. income tax rate compared with the actual income tax 
provision reported on the consolidated statements of operations is 
summarized in the following table.

                                     Balane at July 31, 2012

Current

Noncurrent    

Contract and other reserves

$4,004,631

 $               —

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2013     

2012

2011

$(329,057) $1,495,206 $4,336,758

Accrued compensation and 
expenses

Net operating loss 
carryforwards

Foreign and state income 
taxes

Federal benefit on state 
deferred taxes

(102,933)

(255,065)

(293,369)

Foreign tax credit

Income tax provision at the 
U.S. federal statutory income 
tax rate

Income from “pass-through” 
entities taxable to noncontrol-
ling partners

International rate differences

(197,217)

(329,825)

(267,859)

Valuation Allowance

1,267,004

531,386

—

—

(192,927)

—

(258,831)

—

555,437

65,274

(41,259)

295,674

(61,406)

95,325

94,528

211,088

114,797

Net deferred tax assets

$4,819,877

$   1,440,431

Other

Foreign dividend income

481,287

329,825

420,921

Fixed assets and intangibles

$            —

$    (579,932)

Other

(20,153)

(423,324)

—

— (229,593)

Net deferred tax liabilities

$   (20,153)

$ (1,003,256)

Other foreign taxes, net of 
federal benefit

Domestic manufacturing 
deduction

State taxes, net of federal 
benefit

Re-evaluation and settle-
ments of tax contingencies

3,871

13,193

433,676

(58,105)

(180,304)

—

—

—

Peru non-deductible expenses

173,707

211,000

Canada valuation allowance

130,950

—

Other permanent differences

57,203

(137,202)  

115,904

Income tax provision, as 
reported on the consolidated 
statements of operations

$  254,234 $1,357,916 $ 4,631,235

The significant components of deferred tax assets (liabilities) are 
summarized in the following table.

                                     Balane at July 31, 2013

Current

Noncurrent    

Contract and other reserves

$3,273,465

$            —

Accrued compensation and 
expenses

Net operating loss 
carryforwards

Foreign and state income 
taxes

Federal benefit on state 
deferred taxes

Foreign tax credit

Valuation Allowance

Other

1,349,318

476,214

—

—

(183,987)

—

(343,245)

—

613,097

52,375

(110,520)

461,154

(287,751)

89,208

Net deferred tax assets

$4,095,551

$1,293,777

Fixed assets and intangibles

$             —

$ (308,845)

Other

212,987

(358,659)

Net deferred tax liabilities

$   212,987

$ (667,504)

32

For fiscal years 2013 and 2012, there was no one item that 
significantly impacted the change in the deferred tax assets and 
liabilities.  A valuation allowance of approximately $0.6 million and 
$0.3 million was recorded at July 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, 
which was primarily related to excess foreign tax credit 
carryforwards, the utilization of which is dependent on future 
foreign source income, and to operating losses in Asia and Canada.

The Company has not recorded income taxes applicable 
to undistributed earnings of all foreign subsidiaries that are 
indefinitely reinvested in those operations.  At July 31, 2013, 
undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that are indefinitely 
reinvested in those operations of approximately $5.2 million related 
primarily to operations in Saudi Arabia, Chile, Peru and Ecuador. 

The Company files numerous consolidated and separate income 
tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in many state and 
foreign jurisdictions.  During fiscal year 2011, the IRS completed the 
audit for fiscal year 2009 with no proposed changes.  During fiscal 
year 2013, the IRS completed an examination of the fiscal year 
2010 and 2011 income tax returns, which were settled without 
material adjustment.  The Company’s tax matters for the fiscal years 
2012 and 2013 remain subject to examination by the IRS.  During 
fiscal year 2012, the Company was audited by New York State for 
fiscal years 2008 through 2010, which resulted in no adjustments.  
The Company’s tax matters in other material jurisdictions remain 
subject to examination by the respective state, local, and foreign 
tax jurisdiction authorities.  No waivers have been executed that 
would extend the period subject to examination beyond the 
period prescribed by statute.

During the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company 
generated operating losses in the U.S. of $1.8 million and $0.2 
million, respectively.  These net operating losses will be carried 
back to an earlier year and be fully utilized.  Net operating losses 
still exist pertaining to operations in Brazil, Canada and China, and 
for state income tax purposes.

At July 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company had $0.1 million, 
$0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of gross unrecognized 
tax benefits (“UTPs”) that if realized, would favorably affect the 
effective income tax rate in future periods.  It is reasonably possible 
that the liability associated with UTPs will increase or decrease 

within the next twelve months.  At this time, an estimate of the 
range of the reasonably possible outcomes cannot be made.  The 
Company’s UTPs are summarized in the following table.  

Balance at beginning of period

$131,300 $530,500

$240,900

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

  2013     

     2012

2011

Additions for tax positions 
during the current year

Additions for tax positions of 
prior years

Reductions for tax positions of 
prior years for:

—

— 280,700

— 23,100

40,300

   - Changes in judgment

(23,100)

—

—

   - Settlements during the 

(29,000)

(422,300)

(31,400)

period

   - Changes in non-controlling 

11,900

—

—

interests

Balance at end of period 

$  91,100 $131,300

$530,500

The net liability for UTPs and associated interest and penalties 
are included in noncurrent income taxes payable on the 
accompanying consolidated balance sheets.  The Company 
recognized interest and penalties expense of approximately 
$0.1million related to liabilities for UTPs during fiscal years 2013, 
2012 and 2011.  The Company had approximately $0.1 million of 
accrued interest and penalties at July 31, 2013 and 2012.

11.  Other Accrued Liabilities
Other accrued liabilities are summarized in the following table.

Balance at July 31,

2013     

     2012

Allowance for project disallowances

$ 2,663,351

$ 2,724,474

Other

1,406,722

1,208,114

Total other accrued liabilities

$ 4,070,073

$ 3,932,588

The allowance for project disallowances represents potential 
disallowances of amounts billed and collected resulting from 
contract close-outs and government audits.  Allowances for 
project disallowances are recorded when the amounts are 
estimable.  Activity within the allowance for project disallowances is 
summarized in the following table.

Balance at beginning of 
period

Net change due to 
government audits during 
the period, recorded as a 
transfer of reserves (to) 
from allowance for 
doubtful accounts and 
contract adjustments

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2013     

2012

2011

$ 2,724,474 $ 3,882,810 $ 3,483,876

(61,123)

(1,158,336)

398,934

Balance at end of period

$ 2,663,351 $ 2,724,474 $ 3,882,810

12. Stock Award Plan
EEI adopted the 1998 Stock Award Plan effective March 16, 1998 
(the “1998 Plan”).  To supplement the 1998 Plan, the 2003 Stock 
Award Plan (the “2003 Plan”) was approved by the shareholders 

at the Annual Meeting held in January 2004 and the 2007 Stock 
Award Plan (the “2007 Plan”) was approved by the shareholders at 
the Annual Meeting held in January of 2008.  The 1998 Plan, 2003 
Plan and the 2007 Plan are collectively referred to as the “Award 
Plan”.  The 2003 Plan was approved retroactive to October 16, 2003 
and terminated on October 15, 2008.  The 2007 Plan was approved 
retroactive to October 18, 2007 and terminated on October 17, 2012. 

The Company awarded 62,099 shares valued at $0.9 million in 
October 2011 pursuant to the Award Plan.  These awards have 
a three year vesting period.  The “pool” of excess tax benefits 
accumulated in Capital in Excess of Par Value was $0.2 million and 
$0.3 million at July 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.  

The Company recorded $0.5 million, $0.7 million and $0.5 million 
of non-cash compensation expense during the fiscal years ended 
July 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, in connection with 
outstanding stock compensation awards.  The Company expects 
to record approximately $0.3 million of non-cash compensation 
expense related to outstanding stock compensation awards during 
the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014.

13.  Shareholders’ Equity
Class A and Class B Common Stock
The relative rights, preferences and limitations of the Company’s 
Class A and Class B common stock are summarized as follows: 
Holders of Class A shares are entitled to elect 25% of the Board of 
Directors so long as the number of outstanding Class A shares is at 
least 10% of the combined total number of outstanding Class A and 
Class B common shares. Holders of Class A common shares have 
one-tenth the voting power of Class B common shares with respect 
to most other matters.

In addition, Class A shares are eligible to receive dividends in 
excess of (and not less than) those paid to holders of Class B shares. 
Holders of Class B shares have the option to convert at any time, 
each share of Class B common stock into one share of Class A 
common stock. Upon sale or transfer, shares of Class B common 
stock will automatically convert into an equal number of shares 
of Class A common stock, except that sales or transfers of Class 
B common stock to an existing holder of Class B common stock 
or to an immediate family member will not cause such shares to 
automatically convert into Class A common stock.

Restrictive Shareholder Agreement
Messrs. Gerhard J. Neumaier, Silvestro, Frank, and Strobel entered 
into a Stockholders’ Agreement dated May 12, 1970, as amended 
January 24, 2011 (the “Stockholders’ Agreement”), which governs 
the sale of certain shares of common stock owned by them and 
the children of those individuals.  The Stockholders’ Agreement 
provides that prior to accepting a bona fide offer to purchase the 
certain covered part of their shares, each party must first allow 
the other members to the Agreement the opportunity to acquire 
on a pro rata basis, with right of over-allotment, all of such shares 
covered by the offer on the same terms and conditions proposed 
by the offer.

Cash Dividends
The Company declared and paid cash dividends of $2.0 million 
during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.  
The Company recorded dividends payable of $1.0 million in other 
accrued liabilities at July 31, 2013 and 2012, which were paid in 
August 2013 and 2012, respectively.

33

 
 
 
 
                                          Fiscal Year ended July 31,

2013     

2012

2011

Transfers to noncontrolling interest:

Sale of 600 Gustavson 
common shares (1)

Sale of 900 Gustavson 
common shares

Issuance of 667 ECSI 
common shares

Sale of 75 Lowham – Walsh 
common shares

Total transfers to 
noncontrolling interest

$          — $    41,634 $              —

 —

—

—

—

—

—

—

62,451

667,000

27,917

41,634

757,368

Transfers from noncontrolling interest:

Purchase of 50 Walsh 
common shares (2)

Purchase of 25 Lowham 
common shares (3)

Purchase of 495 Walsh 
common shares (4)

(18,316)

(8,737)

(243,653)

Purchase of 2,800 Gustavson 
common shares (5)

(293,102)

(182,125)

(30,002)

—

—

—

—

—

—

Purchase of 370 Walsh 
common shares (6)

Purchase of 75 Lowham 
common shares (7)

Purchase of 25 Gestion 
Ambiental Consultores 
common shares (8)

Purchase of 166 Walsh 
common shares (9)

Purchase of 496 Walsh 
common shares (10)

Purchase of  5,389 Brazil 
common shares (11)

Purchase of 26,482 Walsh 
Peru common shares (12)

Purchase of 152 Walsh 
common shares (13)

Purchase of 20 Walsh 
common shares

Purchase of 496 Walsh 
common shares

Purchase of 2,205 Walsh 
common shares

Purchase of 243 Walsh 
common shares

Purchase of 426 Walsh 
common shares

Purchase of 100 Walsh 
common shares

Total transfers from 
noncontrolling interest

Net transfers from 
noncontrolling interest

—

(7,452)

— (97,634)

— (277,514)

—

77,539

— (238,677)

— (76,037)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(7,776)

— (208,156)

— (974,750)

— (101,905)

— (197,945)

—

(41,091)

(775,935)

(619,775)

(1,531,623)

$ (775,935) $(578,141) $  (774,255)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Stock Repurchase
In August 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a 
program for repurchase of 200,000 shares of Class A common stock.  
As of July 31, 2013, 93,173 shares remain available for repurchase.

Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling interests are disclosed as a separate component 
of consolidated shareholders’ equity on the accompanying 
consolidated balance sheets.  Earnings and other comprehensive 
(loss) income are separately attributed to both the controlling and 
noncontrolling interests.  Earnings per share is calculated based 
on net (loss) income attributable to the Company’s controlling 
interests.

Transactions with noncontrolling shareholders for the fiscal years 
ended July 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 were recorded at amounts that 
approximated fair value.  Effects on shareholders’ equity resulting 
from changes in EEI’s ownership interest in its subsidiaries are 
summarized in the following table (shown on the right).

(1) On August 1, 2011, the noncontrolling shareholders of Gustavson 
Associates, LLC (“Gustavson”), a subsidiary of Walsh Environmental 
Scientists and Engineers, LLC (“Walsh”) purchased an additional 1.5% of 
newly issued shares of the company for less than $0.1 million in cash.

(2) On April 22, 2013, EEI purchased an additional 0.1% of Walsh from 
noncontrolling shareholders for less than $0.1 million in cash.
(3) On March 13, 2013, Lowham-Walsh Engineering & Environment 

Services LLC (“Lowham”), a subsidiary of Walsh, purchased shares from 
noncontrolling shareholders for less than $0.1 million in cash.

(4) On January 28, 2013, EEI purchased an additional 1.3% of Walsh from 

noncontrolling shareholders for $0.2 million.  Two thirds of the purchase 
price was paid in cash while the remaining one third was paid for with 
EEI stock.  

(5) On December 28, 2012, Gustavson purchased an additional 6.7% of its 
shares from noncontrolling shareholders for $0.4 million.  Half of the 
purchase price was paid in cash and Gustavson issued a three year note 
for the other half.  

(6) On December 17, 2012, EEI purchased an additional 0.9% of Walsh from 

noncontrolling shareholders for $0.2 million in cash.  

(7) During the three months ending October 31, 2012, Lowham purchased 
shares from noncontrolling shareholders for less than $0.1 million in 
cash.

(8) On May 1, 2012, Gestion Ambiental Consultores S.A. (“GAC”), a 

subsidiary of EEI, purchased 2.5% of its stock back from noncontrolling 
shareholders for less than $0.1 million in cash.

(9) On April 23, 2012, EEI purchased an additional 0.4% of Walsh from 

noncontrolling shareholders for $0.1 million in cash.

(10) On January 4, 2012, EEI purchased an additional 1.3% of Walsh from 

noncontrolling shareholders for $0.3 million.  Two thirds of the purchase 
price was paid in cash while the remaining one third was paid for with 
EEI stock.   

(11) On December 14, 2011, EEI purchased an additional 4.0% of Ecology 
and Environment do Brasil LTDA (E & E Brasil) from noncontrolling 
shareholders for $0.2 million cash. 

(12) On November 18, 2011, Walsh Peru S.A. Ingenieros y Cientificos 
Consultores (“Walsh Peru”), a subsidiary of Walsh, purchased an 
additional 3.9% of its shares from noncontrolling shareholders for $0.4 
million in cash.  

(13) On October 24, 2011, EEI purchased an additional 0.4% of Walsh from 

noncontrolling shareholders for $0.1 million in cash.

34

In October 2013, EEI consummated the following transactions with 
noncontrolling interests:

The computation of basic earnings per share is included in the 
following table.

• An additional 9.4% of Walsh was purchased from a 
noncontrolling shareholder for $1.6 million.  The purchase 
price was paid as follows: (i) one third in cash; (ii) one third 
with EEI common stock; and (iii) one third with a promissory 
note payable in two annual installments of one half the 
principal plus interest accrued at 3.25% per annum.  

• An additional 0.2% of Walsh was purchased from a 
noncontrolling shareholder for less than $0.1 million in cash.

EEI held a cumulative total of 99.1% of outstanding Walsh shares 
after consummation of these transactions.

14. Lease Commitments
The Company rents certain office facilities and equipment under 
non-cancelable operating leases and certain other facilities for 
servicing project sites over the term of the related long-term 
government contracts.  Future minimum rental commitments 
under these leases as of July 31, 2013 are summarized in the 
following table.

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Thereafter

Amount

$2,079,109

1,686,810

1,509,876

1,553,782

1,197,714

2,325,910

Lease agreements may contain step rent provisions and/or 
free rent concessions.   Lease payments based on a price index 
have rent expense recognized on a straight line or substantially 
equivalent basis, and are included in the calculation of minimum 
lease payments.  Gross rental expense associated with lease 
commitments was $4.2 million, $4.2 million and $3.6 million for the 
fiscal years ended July 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

15. Defined Contribution Plans
Contributions to EEI’s defined contribution plan and supplemental 
retirement plan are discretionary and determined annually by its 
Board of Directors.  Walsh’s defined contribution plan provides for 
mandatory employer contributions to match 100% of employee 
contributions up to 4% of each participant’s compensation.  The 
total expense under the plans was $2.2 million, $1.8 million, and 
$2.2 million for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, 
respectively.

16. Earnings Per Share
Basic and diluted EPS is computed by dividing the net (loss) 
income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc. common 
shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares 
outstanding for the period.  The Company allocates undistributed 
earnings between the classes on a one-to-one basis when 
computing earnings per share.  As a result, basic and fully diluted 
earnings per Class A and Class B shares are equal amounts.        

Fiscal Year Ended July 31,

2013     

2012

2011

Net (loss) income 
attributable to Ecology 
and Environment, Inc. 

$(2,130,434)  $     773,579 $6,960,263

Dividend declared

2,038,496

2,036,559

1,963,303

Undistributed earnings

$(4,168,930)

$(1,262,980) $4,996,960

Weighted-average 
common shares 
outstanding (basic and 
diluted)

Distributed earnings per 
share

Undistributed earnings 
per share

4,247,821

4,233,883

4,222,688

$0.48

$ 0.48

$0.46 

(0.98)

(0.30)

1.19

Total earnings per share $         (0.50)

$           0.18 $        1.65

After consideration of all the rights and privileges of the Class A 
and Class B stockholders summarized in Note 13, in particular the 
right of the holders of the Class B common stock to elect no less 
than 75% of the Board of Directors making it highly unlikely that the 
Company will pay a dividend on Class A common stock in excess 
of Class B common stock, the Company allocates undistributed 
earnings between the classes on a one-to-one basis when 
computing earnings per share.  As a result, basic and fully diluted 
earnings per Class A and Class B share are equal amounts.

The Company has determined that its unvested share-based 
payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends 
or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating 
securities. These securities shall be included in the computation of 
earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method.  The resulting 
impact was to include unvested restricted shares in the basic 
weighted average shares outstanding calculation.

17. Segment Reporting
The Company reports segment information based on the 
geographic location of its customers (for revenues) and the location 
of its offices (for long-lived assets). Revenue and long-lived assets 
by business segment are summarized in the following tables. 

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2013

2012     

2011

Revenue by geographic location:

United States

$91,451,247 $98,558,099 $115,040,860

Foreign countries

43,485,644

56,852,000

54,132,000

(1) Significant foreign revenues included revenues in Peru ($11.5 million, $17.2 million 

and $15.9 million for fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively), Brazil ($15.1 million, 

$15.7 million and $11.8 million for fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively) and 

Chile ($10.6 million, $11.3 million and $8.3 million for fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011, 

respectively).

35

 
 
 
On February 4, 2011, the Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity 
Conservation of Brazil (the “Institute”) issued a Notice of Infraction 
to E & E Brasil.  E & E Brasil is a majority-owned subsidiary of Ecology 
and Environment, Inc.  The Notice of Infraction concerns the 
taking and collecting species of wild animal specimens without 
authorization by the competent authority and imposes a fine of 
520,000 Reais, which has a value of approximately $0.2 million 
at April 30, 2013.  No claim has been made against Ecology and 
Environment, Inc.  The Institute has also filed Notices of Infraction 
against four employees of E & E Brasil alleging the same claims and 
has imposed fines against those individuals that, in the aggregate, 
are equal to the fine imposed against E & E Brasil.  E & E Brasil has 
filed administrative responses with the Institute for itself and its 
employees that: (a) denies the jurisdiction of the Institute, (b) 
states that the Notice of Infraction is constitutionally vague and 
(c) affirmatively stated that E & E Brasil had obtained the necessary 
permits for the surveys and collections of specimens under 
applicable Brazilian regulations and that the protected conservation 
area is not clearly marked to show its boundaries.  At this time, E & E 
Brasil has attended one meeting where depositions were taken. The 
Company believes that these administrative proceedings in Brazil 
will not have an adverse material effect upon the operations of the 
Company. 

Balance at July 31,

2013

2012     

2011

Long-Lived Assets by geographic location:  

United States

$29,508,055 $29,506,036

$27,871,726

Foreign countries

5,183,885

5,191,000

5,062,000

18. Commitments and Contingencies
From time to time, the Company is a named defendant in legal 
actions arising out of the normal course of business.  The Company 
is not a party to any pending legal proceeding, the resolution of 
which the management believes will have a material adverse effect 
on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or 
cash flows, or to any other pending legal proceedings other than 
ordinary, routine litigation incidental to its business.  The Company 
maintains liability insurance against risks arising out of the normal 
course of business.

Certain contracts contain termination provisions under which the 
customer may, without penalty, terminate the contracts upon 
written notice to the Company.  In the event of termination, the 
Company would be paid only termination costs in accordance with 
the particular contract.  Generally, termination costs include unpaid 
costs incurred to date, earned fees and any additional costs directly 
allocable to the termination.

On September 21, 2012, the Colorado Department of Public 
Health and Environment (the “Department”) issued a proposed 
Compliance Order on Consent (the “ Proposed Consent Order”) 
to the City and County of Denver (“Denver”) and to Walsh 
Environmental Scientists and Engineers, LLC (“Walsh”).  Walsh is a 
majority-owned subsidiary of Ecology and Environment, Inc.  The 
Proposed Consent Order concerns construction improvement 
activities of certain property owned by Denver which was the 
subject of asbestos remediation.  Denver had entered into a 
contract with Walsh for Walsh to provide certain environmental 
consulting services (asbestos monitoring services) in connection 
with the asbestos containment and/or removal performed by other 
contractors at Denver’s real property.  Without admitting liability or 
the Department’s version of the underlying facts, Walsh on February 
13, 2013 entered into a Compliance Order on Consent with the 
Department and paid a penalty of less than $0.1 million and paid 
for a Supplemental Environmental Project to benefit the public 
at large in an amount less than $0.1 million.  Denver was served 
with a final Compliance Order and Assessment of Administrative 
Penalty against Denver alone for approximately $0.2 million.  Under 
Walsh’s environmental consulting contract with Denver, Walsh 
has agreed to indemnify Denver for certain liabilities where Walsh 
could potentially be held responsible for a portion of the penalty 
imposed upon Denver.  Walsh has put its professional liability and 
general liability carriers on notice of this indemnification claim by 
Denver.  The Company believes that this administrative proceeding 
involving Walsh will not have an adverse material effect upon the 
operations of the Company.

36

19. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2013              

October 31

January 31    

April 30     

July 31

Revenue

$ 36,822

$ 36,151

$ 32,219

$ 29,745

Fiscal Quarter Ended (In thousands, except per share information)

Income (loss) from operations

Income (loss) before income tax (benefit) provision

Net Income (loss) attributable to  
Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Net Income (loss) per common share (basic and diluted)

974

898

      243

0.05

3,355

3,257

   1,911

     0.45

(44) 

(26) 

(441) 

(0.10) 

(5,183) 

(5,097) 

    (3,843)

    (0.90)

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2012

October 31

January 31    

April 30     

July 31

Revenue

Income from operations

Income before income tax provision

Net Income (loss) attributable to  
Ecology and Environment, Inc.

Net Income (loss) per common share (basic and diluted)

$ 42,312

$ 40,173

$ 36,011

$ 36,914

2,040

2,084

   1,160

       .28

1,867

1,685

      503

       .12

574

503

        56

       .01

303

126

    (945)

     (.23)

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2011              

October 31

January 31    

April 30     

July 31

Revenue

Income from operations

Income before income tax provision

Net Income attributable to Ecology and Environment, Inc.

   1,859

Net Income per common share (basic and diluted)

     0.44

$ 42,026

$ 41,866

$ 41,120

$ 44,161

4,008

3,941

3,204

3,238

1,758

0.42

2,199

2,587

        1,429

       0.34

2,975

2,989

    1,914

     0.45

Market for EnE’s  Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
The Company’s Class A Common Stock is listed on NASDAQ.  There is no separate market for the Company’s Class B Common Stock.  The 
range of high and low prices for the Company’s Class A Common Stock, as reported by NASDAQ, are summarized in the following table. 

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2013             

High     

Low

Per Share Dividend Declared

First Quarter (commencing August 1, 2012 - October 31, 2012)

$ 13.00

$ 11.60

Second Quarter (commencing November 1, 2012 - January 31, 2013)

Third Quarter (commencing February 1, 2013 - April 30, 2013)

Fourth Quarter (commencing May 1, 2013 - July 31, 2013)

13.36

14.42

13.00

10.70

11.75

10.05

—

$ 0.24

—

$ 0.24

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2012

High     

Low

Per Share Dividend Declared

First Quarter (commencing August 1, 2011 - October 29, 2011)

$ 17.65

$ 14.95

Second Quarter (commencing October 30, 2011 - January 31, 2012)

Third Quarter (commencing February 1, 2012 - April 30, 2012)

Fourth Quarter (commencing May 1, 2012 - July 31, 2012)

17.50

17.00

15.19

15.64

14.60

11.26

—

$ 0.24

—

$ 0.24

As of October 31, 2013, 2,646,110 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock were outstanding and there were 375 holders of record 
of the Company’s Class A Common Stock.  We estimate that the Company has a significantly greater number of Class A Common Stock 
shareholders because a substantial number of the Company’s shares are held in street name. 

37

Frank B. Silvestro 

Chairman of the Board

Gerald A. Strobel, P.E.

Ronald L. Frank 

Gerald A. Strobel, P.E. 

Chief Executive Officer,  
Executive Vice President

Frank B. Silvestro 

Executive Vice President

Kevin S. Neumaier, P.E. 

President

Ronald L. Frank 

Executive Vice President, Secretary

Laurence M. Brickman, Ph.D. 

Senior Vice President

Kevin Donovan 

Senior Vice President

Gerard A. Gallagher, III 
Senior Vice President

CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS
Buffalo Corporate Center
368 Pleasant View Drive
Lancaster, NY 14086-1397
TEL: 1 (716) 684-8060
FAX: 1 (716) 684-0844
E-MAIL: jmye@ene.com
WEB: www.ene.com

STOCK TRANSFER AGENT
American Stock Transfer & Trust Co.
40 Wall Street
New York, NY 10005
TEL: 1 (212) 936-5100

BOARD OF DIRECTORS  
as of October 31, 2013

Gerard A. Gallagher, Jr.  

Retired Company Officer 

Michael C. Gross 

Insurance Broker and 

  NYS Tax Auditor 

CORPORATE OFFICERS

Fred J. McKosky, P.E. 

Senior Vice President  

Cheryl A. Karpowicz, AICP    
Senior Vice President

Nancy Aungst 

Vice President

Timothy J. Grady, P.E. 
Vice President

Robert J. King 

Vice President

H. John Mye, P.E. 

Vice President, Treasurer 
and Chief Financial Officer

EXCHANGE LISTING
NASDAQ® Global Market
Ticker Symbol: EEI

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED 
ACCOUNTING FIRM
Schneider Downs & Co., Inc.
One PPG Place 
Suite 1700 
Pittsburgh, PA 15222

LEGAL COUNSEL
Gross, Shuman, Brizdle & Gilfillan, P.C.
465 Main Street, Suite 600
Buffalo, NY 14203

SUBSIDIARIES

Ross M. Cellino 
  Attorney

Timothy Butler

Retired Bank Executive

Richard Rudy, P.G., C.P.G. 

Vice President

George A. Rusk, Esq. 
Vice President

Carmine A. Tronolone 

Vice President

George W. Welsh 
Vice President

Colleen C. Mullaney-Westfall, Esq. 

Assistant Secretary

Peter Sorci

Controller

FORM 10-K
EnE’s Annual Report including financial 
statements is for the general information 
of the Company’s shareholders. It is 
not intended to be used in connection 
with any sale or purchase of securities. 
Shareholders may obtain from the 
Company without charge a copy of its 
Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with 
the Securities and Exchange Commission, 
including financial schedules, by sending 
a written request to: 
  Mr. H. John Mye, Chief Financial Officer 

Ecology and Environment, Inc.
368 Pleasant View Drive
Lancaster, NY 14086-1397

Ecology & Environment Engineering, Inc.

Gustavson Associates, LLC

Inactive Subsidiaries:

ecology and environment do brasil Ltda. (Brazil)

Ecology and Environment International  
Services, Inc. (EEIS) 

ECSI, LLC

Lowham-Walsh Engineering & Environment 
Services, LLC 

Canada, Germany, Mexico, Venezuela, 

Saudi Arabia, Cayman Islands, Tianjin 

Servicios Ambientales Walsh, S.A. (Ecuador)

Walsh Environmental Scientist & Engineers, LLC

China, YiYi China

E.E.I.S. (SARL) (Morocco)

Walsh Peru, S.A. (Peru)

Gestión Ambiental Consultores S.A. (Chile)

ecology and
environment, inc.
Global Environmental Specialists

www.ene.com

E & E has printed on 100% recycled paper since 1971.  The paper used for this annual report is 100% recycled, 100% post consumer waste, 
processed chlorine free, manufactured using biogas energy, printed with soy-based inks, and certified by FSC.