EnerSys
Annual Report 2018

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ýAnnual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the fiscal year endedMarch 31, 2018 or¨Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the transition periodfrom to Commission file number: 001-32253 ENERSYS (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 23-3058564(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization) (I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)2366 Bernville RoadReading, Pennsylvania 19605(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 610-208-1991 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registeredCommon Stock, $0.01 par value per share New York Stock ExchangeSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NoneIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ý YES ¨ NOIndicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ¨ YES ý NOIndicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filingrequirements for the past 90 days. ý YES ¨ NOIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data Filerequired to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for suchshorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES ý NO ¨Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (Section 229.405 of this chapter) is not containedherein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III ofthis Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the ExchangeAct. 1Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Emerging growth company ¨ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with anynew or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ¨ YES ý NOState the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates at October 1, 2017: $2,901,470,255 (1) (basedupon its closing transaction price on the New York Stock Exchange on September 29, 2017).(1)For this purpose only, “non-affiliates” excludes directors and executive officers.Common stock outstanding at May 25, 2018: 42,112,206 Shares of Common StockDOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCEPortions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on or about August 2, 2018 are incorporatedby reference in Part III of this Annual Report.2CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTSThe Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Reform Act”) provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by or on behalf ofEnerSys. EnerSys and its representatives may, from time to time, make written or verbal forward-looking statements, including statements contained inEnerSys' filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and its reports to stockholders. Generally, the inclusion of the words “anticipate,”“believe,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “estimate,” “will,” “plans,” or the negative of such terms and similar expressions identify statements that constitute“forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 andthat are intended to come within the safe harbor protection provided by those sections. All statements addressing operating performance, events, ordevelopments that EnerSys expects or anticipates will occur in the future, including statements relating to sales growth, earnings or earnings per sharegrowth, and market share, as well as statements expressing optimism or pessimism about future operating results, are forward-looking statements within themeaning of the Reform Act. The forward-looking statements are and will be based on management’s then-current beliefs and assumptions regarding futureevents and operating performance and on information currently available to management, and are applicable only as of the dates of such statements.Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Although we do not make forward-looking statements unless we believe we have areasonable basis for doing so, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-lookingstatements due to a number of uncertainties and risks, including the risks described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and other unforeseen risks. Youshould not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. These statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, even ifsubsequently made available by us on our website or otherwise, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise these statements to reflect events orcircumstances occurring after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Our actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements for a number of reasons, including the following factors:•general cyclical patterns of the industries in which our customers operate;•the extent to which we cannot control our fixed and variable costs;•the raw materials in our products may experience significant fluctuations in market price and availability;•certain raw materials constitute hazardous materials that may give rise to costly environmental and safety claims;•legislation regarding the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in our products;•risks involved in our operations such as disruption of markets, changes in import and export laws, environmental regulations, currency restrictionsand local currency exchange rate fluctuations;•our ability to maintain relationships with customers, including raising our selling prices to our customers when our product costs increase;•the extent to which we are able to efficiently utilize our global manufacturing facilities and optimize our capacity;•general economic conditions in the markets in which we operate;•competitiveness of the battery markets and other energy solutions for industrial applications throughout the world;•our timely development of competitive new products and product enhancements in a changing environment and the acceptance of such productsand product enhancements by customers;•our ability to adequately protect our proprietary intellectual property, technology and brand names;•litigation and regulatory proceedings to which we might be subject;•our expectations concerning indemnification obligations;•changes in our market share in the geographic business segments where we operate;•our ability to implement our cost reduction initiatives successfully and improve our profitability;•quality problems associated with our products;•our ability to implement business strategies, including our acquisition strategy, manufacturing expansion and restructuring plans;•our acquisition strategy may not be successful in locating advantageous targets;•our ability to successfully integrate any assets, liabilities, customers, systems and management personnel we acquire into our operations and ourability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames;•potential goodwill impairment charges, future impairment charges and fluctuations in the fair values of reporting units or of assets in the eventprojected financial results are not achieved within expected time frames;•our debt and debt service requirements which may restrict our operational and financial flexibility, as well as imposing unfavorable interest andfinancing costs;•our ability to maintain our existing credit facilities or obtain satisfactory new credit facilities;•adverse changes in our short- and long-term debt levels under our credit facilities;3•our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on our variable-rate debt;•our ability to attract and retain qualified management and personnel;•our ability to maintain good relations with labor unions;•credit risk associated with our customers, including risk of insolvency and bankruptcy;•our ability to successfully recover in the event of a disaster affecting our infrastructure;•terrorist acts or acts of war, could cause damage or disruption to our operations, our suppliers, channels to market or customers, or could cause coststo increase, or create political or economic instability; and•the operation, capacity and security of our information systems and infrastructure.This list of factors that may affect future performance is illustrative, but by no means exhaustive. Accordingly, all forward-looking statements should beevaluated with the understanding of their inherent uncertainty.4EnerSysAnnual Report on Form 10-KFor the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2018Index PagePART I Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements3 Item 1.Business6 Item 1A.Risk Factors10 Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments18 Item 2.Properties19 Item 3.Legal Proceedings19 Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures19 PART II Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities20 Item 6.Selected Financial Data23 Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations24 Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk48 Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data51 Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure101 Item 9A.Controls and Procedures101 Item 9B.Other Information101 PART III Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance102 Item 11.Executive Compensation102 Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management Related Stockholder Matters102 Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence102 Item 14.Principal Accounting Fees and Services103 PART IV Item 15.Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules104 Signatures1085Table of ContentsPART I ITEM 1.BUSINESSOverviewEnerSys (the “Company,” “we,” or “us”) is the world’s largest manufacturer, marketer and distributor of industrial batteries. We also manufacture, market anddistribute products such as battery chargers, power equipment, battery accessories, and outdoor cabinet enclosures. Additionally, we provide relatedaftermarket and customer-support services for our products. We market our products globally to over 10,000 customers in more than 100 countries through anetwork of distributors, independent representatives and our internal sales force.We operate and manage our business in three geographic regions of the world—Americas, EMEA and Asia, as described below. Our business is highlydecentralized with manufacturing locations throughout the world. More than half of our manufacturing capacity is located outside of the United States, andapproximately 50% of our net sales were generated outside of the United States. The Company has three reportable business segments based on geographicregions, defined as follows:•Americas, which includes North and South America, with our segment headquarters in Reading, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.;•EMEA, which includes Europe, the Middle East and Africa, with our segment headquarters in Zug, Switzerland; and•Asia, which includes Asia, Australia and Oceania, with our segment headquarters in Singapore.We have two primary product lines: reserve power and motive power products. Net sales classifications by product line are as follows:•Reserve power products are used for backup power for the continuous operation of critical applications in telecommunications systems,uninterruptible power systems, or “UPS” applications for computer and computer-controlled systems, and other specialty power applications,including medical and security systems, premium starting, lighting and ignition applications, in switchgear, electrical control systems used in electricutilities, large-scale energy storage, energy pipelines, in commercial aircraft, satellites, military aircraft, submarines, ships and tactical vehicles.Reserve power products also include thermally managed cabinets and enclosures for electronic equipment and batteries.•Motive power products are used to provide power for electric industrial forklifts used in manufacturing, warehousing and other material handlingapplications, as well as mining equipment, diesel locomotive starting and other rail equipment.Additionally, see Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information on segment reporting.Fiscal Year ReportingIn this Annual Report on Form 10-K, when we refer to our fiscal years, we state “fiscal” and the year, as in “fiscal 2018”, which refers to our fiscal year endedMarch 31, 2018. The Company reports interim financial information for 13-week periods, except for the first quarter, which always begins on April 1, and thefourth quarter, which always ends on March 31. The four quarters in fiscal 2018 ended on July 2, 2017, October 1, 2017, December 31, 2017, and March 31,2018, respectively. The four quarters in fiscal 2017 ended on July 3, 2016, October 2, 2016, January 1, 2017, and March 31, 2017, respectively.HistoryEnerSys and its predecessor companies have been manufacturers of industrial batteries for over 125 years. Morgan Stanley Capital Partners teamed with themanagement of Yuasa, Inc. in late 2000 to acquire from Yuasa Corporation (Japan) its reserve power and motive power battery businesses in North and SouthAmerica. We were incorporated in October 2000 for the purpose of completing the Yuasa, Inc. acquisition. On January 1, 2001, we changed our name fromYuasa, Inc. to EnerSys to reflect our focus on the energy systems nature of our businesses.In 2004, EnerSys completed its initial public offering (the “IPO”) and the Company’s common stock commenced trading on the New York Stock Exchange,under the trading symbol “ENS”.6Table of ContentsKey DevelopmentsThere have been several key stages in the development of our business, which explain to a significant degree our results of operations over the past severalyears.In March 2002, we acquired the reserve power and motive power business of the Energy Storage Group of Invensys plc. (“ESG”). Our successful integration ofESG provided global scale in both the reserve and motive power markets. The ESG acquisition also provided us with a further opportunity to reduce costsand improve operating efficiency.During fiscal years 2003 through 2018, we made twenty-eight acquisitions around the globe. In fiscal 2016, we completed the acquisition of ICS IndustriesPty. Ltd. (ICS), headquartered in Melbourne, Australia. ICS is a leading full line shelter designer and manufacturer with installation and maintenance servicesserving the telecommunications, utilities, datacenter, natural resources and transport industries operating in Australia and serving customers in the AsiaPacific region.Our CustomersWe serve over 10,000 customers in over 100 countries, on a direct basis or through our distributors. We are not overly dependent on any particular endmarket. Our customer base is highly diverse, and no single customer accounts for more than 5% of our revenues.Our reserve power customers consist of both global and regional customers. These customers are in diverse markets including telecom, UPS, electric utilities,security systems, emergency lighting, premium starting, lighting and ignition applications and space satellites. In addition, we sell our aerospace and defenseproducts in numerous countries, including the governments of the U.S., Germany and the U.K. and to major defense and aviation original equipmentmanufacturers (“OEMs”).Our motive power products are sold to a large, diversified customer base. These customers include material handling equipment dealers, OEMs and end usersof such equipment. End users include manufacturers, distributors, warehouse operators, retailers, airports, mine operators and railroads.Distribution and ServicesWe distribute, sell and service reserve and motive power products throughout the world, principally through company-owned sales and service facilities, aswell as through independent manufacturers’ representatives. Our company-owned network allows us to offer high-quality service, including preventativemaintenance programs and customer support. Our warehouses and service locations enable us to respond quickly to customers in the markets we serve. Webelieve that the extensive industry experience of our sales organization results in strong long-term customer relationships.Manufacturing and Raw MaterialsWe manufacture and assemble our products at manufacturing facilities located in the Americas, EMEA and Asia. With a view toward projected demand, westrive to optimize and balance capacity at our battery manufacturing facilities globally, while simultaneously minimizing our product cost. By taking aglobal view of our manufacturing requirements and capacity, we believe we are better able to anticipate potential capacity bottlenecks and equipment andcapital funding needs.The primary raw materials used to manufacture our products include lead, plastics, steel and copper. We purchase lead from a number of leading suppliersthroughout the world. Because lead is traded on the world’s commodity markets and its price fluctuates daily, we periodically enter into hedgingarrangements for a portion of our projected requirements to reduce the volatility of our costs.CompetitionThe industrial battery market is highly competitive both among competitors who manufacture and sell industrial batteries and among customers whopurchase industrial batteries. Our competitors range from development stage companies to large domestic and international corporations. Certain of ourcompetitors produce energy storage products utilizing technologies or chemistries different from our own. We compete primarily on the basis of reputation,product quality, reliability of service, delivery and price. We believe that our products and services are competitively priced.7Table of ContentsAmericasWe believe that we have the largest market share in the Americas industrial battery market. We compete principally with East Penn Manufacturing, ExideTechnologies and New Power in both the reserve and motive products markets; and also C&D Technologies Inc., EaglePicher (GTCR Group), NorthStarBattery, SAFT as well as Chinese producers in the reserve products market.EMEAWe believe that we have the largest market share in the European industrial battery market. Our primary competitors are Exide Technologies, FIAMM,Hoppecke, SAFT as well as Chinese producers in the reserve products market; and Exide Technologies, Eternity, Hoppecke, Midac, Sunlight and TAB in themotive products market.AsiaWe have a small share of the fragmented Asian industrial battery market. We compete principally with GS-Yuasa, Shin-Kobe, Hoppecke and Zibo Torch inthe motive products market; and Amara Raja, China Shoto, Coslight, Exide Industries, Leoch and Narada, in the reserve products market.WarrantiesWarranties for our products vary geographically and by product type and are competitive with other suppliers of these types of products. Generally, ourreserve power product warranties range from one to twenty years and our motive power product warranties range from one to seven years. The length of ourwarranties is varied to reflect regional characteristics and competitive influences. In some cases, our warranty period may include a pro rata period, which istypically based around the design life of the product and the application served. Our warranties generally cover defects in workmanship and materials and arelimited to specific usage parameters.Intellectual PropertyWe have numerous patents and patent licenses in the United States and other jurisdictions but do not consider any one patent to be material to our business.From time to time, we apply for patents on new inventions and designs, but we believe that the growth of our business will depend primarily upon the qualityof our products and our relationships with our customers, rather than the extent of our patent protection.We believe we are leaders in thin plate pure lead technology (“TPPL”). We believe that a significant capital investment would be required by any partydesiring to produce products using TPPL technology for our markets.We own or possess exclusive and non-exclusive licenses and other rights to use a number of trademarks in various jurisdictions. We have obtainedregistrations for many of these trademarks in the United States and other jurisdictions. Our various trademark registrations currently have durations ofapproximately 10 to 20 years, varying by mark and jurisdiction of registration and may be renewable. We endeavor to keep all of our material registrationscurrent. We believe that many such rights and licenses are important to our business by helping to develop strong brand-name recognition in themarketplace.SeasonalityOur business generally does not experience significant quarterly fluctuations in net sales as a result of weather or other trends that can be directly linked toseasonality patterns, but historically our fourth quarter is our best quarter with higher revenues and generally more working days and our second quarter is theweakest due to the summer holiday season in Western Europe and North America.Product and Process DevelopmentOur product and process development efforts are focused on the creation of new stored energy products, and integrated power systems and controls. Weallocate our resources to the following key areas:•the design and development of new products;•optimizing and expanding our existing product offering;8Table of Contents•waste and scrap reduction;•production efficiency and utilization;•capacity expansion without additional facilities; and•quality attribute maximization.EmployeesAt March 31, 2018, we had approximately 9,600 employees. Of these employees, approximately 27% were covered by collective bargaining agreements.Employees covered by collective bargaining agreements that did not exceed twelve months were approximately 6% of the total workforce. The average termof these agreements is two years, with the longest term being three years. We consider our employee relations to be good. We did not experience anysignificant labor unrest or disruption of production during fiscal 2018.Environmental MattersIn the manufacture of our products throughout the world, we process, store, dispose of and otherwise use large amounts of hazardous materials, especially leadand acid. As a result, we are subject to extensive and evolving environmental, health and safety laws and regulations governing, among other things: thegeneration, handling, storage, use, transportation and disposal of hazardous materials; emissions or discharges of hazardous materials into the ground, air orwater; and the health and safety of our employees. In addition, we are required to comply with the regulation issued from the European Union calledRegistration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals or “REACH”. Under the regulation, companies which manufacture or import more thanone ton of a covered chemical substance per year are required to register it in a central database administered by the European Chemicals Agency. Theregistration process requires the submission of information to demonstrate the safety of chemicals as used and could result in significant costs or delay themanufacture or sale of our products in the European Union. Additionally, industry associations and their member companies, including EnerSys, havescheduled meetings with the European Union member countries to advocate for their support of an exemption for lead compounds. Compliance with theselaws and regulations results in ongoing costs. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations, or to obtain or comply with required environmental permits,could result in fines, criminal charges or other sanctions by regulators. From time to time, we have had instances of alleged or actual noncompliance that haveresulted in the imposition of fines, penalties and required corrective actions. Our ongoing compliance with environmental, health and safety laws, regulationsand permits could require us to incur significant expenses, limit our ability to modify or expand our facilities or continue production and require us to installadditional pollution control equipment and make other capital improvements. In addition, private parties, including current or former employees, can bringpersonal injury or other claims against us due to the presence of, or their exposure to, hazardous substances used, stored, transported or disposed of by us orcontained in our products.Sumter, South CarolinaWe currently are responsible for certain environmental obligations at our former battery facility in Sumter, South Carolina, that predate our ownership of thisfacility. This battery facility was closed in 2001 and is separate from our current metal fabrication facility in Sumter. We have a reserve of $1.1 million for thisfacility as of March 31, 2018. Based on current information, we believe this reserve is adequate to satisfy our environmental liabilities at this facility.Environmental and safety certificationsTwenty of our facilities in the Americas, EMEA and Asia are certified to ISO 14001 standards. ISO 14001 is a globally recognized, voluntary program thatfocuses on the implementation, maintenance and continual improvement of an environmental management system and the improvement of environmentalperformance. Eight facilities in EMEA and Asia are certified to OHSAS 18001 standards. OHSAS 18001 is a globally recognized occupational health andsafety management systems standard.Quality SystemsWe utilize a global strategy for quality management systems, policies and procedures, the basis of which is the ISO 9001:2015 standard, which is a worldwiderecognized quality standard. We believe in the principles of this standard and reinforce this by requiring mandatory compliance for all manufacturing, salesand service locations globally that are registered to the ISO 9001 standard. This strategy enables us to provide consistent quality products and services tomeet our customers’ needs.9Table of ContentsAvailable InformationWe file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These filings are available to the public on the Internet atthe SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. You may also read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room, located at 100F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room.Our Internet address is http://www.enersys.com. We make available free of charge on http://www.enersys.com our annual, quarterly and current reports, andamendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practical after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORSThe following risks and uncertainties, as well as others described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, could materially and adversely affect our business, ourresults of operations and financial condition and could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations and projections. Stockholders arecautioned that these and other factors, including those beyond our control, may affect future performance and cause actual results to differ from those whichmay, from time to time, be anticipated. There may be additional risks that are not presently material or known. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” All forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf are qualified by the risks described below.We operate in an extremely competitive industry and are subject to pricing pressures.We compete with a number of major international manufacturers and distributors, as well as a large number of smaller, regional competitors. Due to excesscapacity in some sectors of our industry and consolidation among industrial battery purchasers, we have been subjected to significant pricing pressures. Weanticipate continued competitive pricing pressure as foreign producers are able to employ labor at significantly lower costs than producers in the U.S. andWestern Europe, expand their export capacity and increase their marketing presence in our major Americas and European markets. Several of our competitorshave strong technical, marketing, sales, manufacturing, distribution and other resources, as well as significant name recognition, established positions in themarket and long-standing relationships with OEMs and other customers. In addition, certain of our competitors own lead smelting facilities which, duringperiods of lead cost increases or price volatility, may provide a competitive pricing advantage and reduce their exposure to volatile raw material costs. Ourability to maintain and improve our operating margins has depended, and continues to depend, on our ability to control and reduce our costs. We cannotassure you that we will be able to continue to control our operating expenses, to raise or maintain our prices or increase our unit volume, in order to maintainor improve our operating results.The uncertainty in global economic conditions could negatively affect the Company’s operating results.Our operating results are directly affected by the general global economic conditions of the industries in which our major customer groups operate. Ourbusiness segments are highly dependent on the economic and market conditions in each of the geographic areas in which we operate. Our products areheavily dependent on the end markets that we serve and our operating results will vary by geographic segment, depending on the economic environment inthese markets. Sales of our motive power products, for example, depend significantly on demand for new electric industrial forklift trucks, which in turndepends on end-user demand for additional motive capacity in their distribution and manufacturing facilities. The uncertainty in global economic conditionsvaries by geographic segment, and can result in substantial volatility in global credit markets, particularly in the United States, where we service the vastmajority of our debt. These conditions affect our business by reducing prices that our customers may be able or willing to pay for our products or by reducingthe demand for our products, which could in turn negatively impact our sales and earnings generation and result in a material adverse effect on our business,cash flow, results of operations and financial position.Government reviews, inquiries, investigations, and actions could harm our business or reputation.As we operate in various locations around the world, our operations in certain countries are subject to significant governmental scrutiny and may beadversely impacted by the results of such scrutiny. The regulatory environment with regard to our business is evolving, and officials often exercise broaddiscretion in deciding how to interpret and apply applicable regulations. From time to time, we receive formal and informal inquiries from variousgovernment regulatory authorities, as well as self-regulatory organizations, about our business and compliance with local laws, regulations or standards. Forexample, certain of the Company’s European subsidiaries have received subpoenas and requests for documents and, in some cases, interviews from,10Table of Contentsand have had on-site inspections conducted by the competition authorities of Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands relating to conduct andanticompetitive practices of certain industrial battery participants. The Company settled the Belgian regulatory proceeding in February 2016 byacknowledging certain anticompetitive practices and conduct and agreeing to pay a fine of $2.0 million, which was paid in March 2016. In June 2017, theCompany settled a portion of its previously disclosed proceeding involving the German competition authority relating to conduct involving the Company'smotive power battery business and agreed to pay a fine of $14.8 million, which was paid in July 2017. Also in June 2017, the German competition authorityissued a fining decision related to the Company's reserve power battery business. The Company is appealing this decision, including payment of theproposed fine of $11.4 million. In July 2017, the Company settled the Dutch regulatory proceeding and agreed to pay a fine of $11.2 million, which was paidin August 2017. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had a total reserve balance of $2.3 million in connection with these investigations and related legalmatters. However, the precise scope, timing and time period at issue, as well as the final outcome of the investigations or customer claims, remain uncertainand could be materially adverse to our business. (See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statement).Any determination that our operations or activities, or the activities of our employees, are not in compliance with existing laws, regulations or standardscould result in the imposition of substantial fines, interruptions of business, loss of supplier, vendor, customer or other third-party relationships, terminationof necessary licenses and permits, or similar results, all of which could potentially harm our business and/or reputation. Even if an inquiry does not result inthese types of determinations, regulatory authorities could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a mannermaterially adverse to our business, and it potentially could create negative publicity which could harm our business and/or reputation.Reliance on third party relationships and derivative agreements could adversely affect the Company’s business.We depend on third parties, including suppliers, distributors, lead toll operators, freight forwarders, insurance brokers, commodity brokers, major financialinstitutions and other third party service providers, for key aspects of our business, including the provision of derivative contracts to manage risks of (a)commodity cost volatility, (b) foreign currency exposures and (c) interest rate volatility. Failure of these third parties to meet their contractual, regulatory andother obligations to the Company, or the development of factors that materially disrupt our relationships with these third parties, could expose us to the risksof business disruption, higher commodity and interest costs, unfavorable foreign currency rates and higher expenses, which could have a material adverseeffect on our business.Our operating results could be adversely affected by changes in the cost and availability of raw materials.Lead is our most significant raw material and is used along with significant amounts of plastics, steel, copper and other materials in our manufacturingprocesses. We estimate that raw material costs account for over half of our cost of goods sold. The costs of these raw materials, particularly lead, are volatileand beyond our control. Additionally, availability of the raw materials used to manufacture our products may be limited at times resulting in higher pricesand/or the need to find alternative suppliers. Furthermore, the cost of raw materials may also be influenced by transportation costs. Volatile raw material costscan significantly affect our operating results and make period-to-period comparisons extremely difficult. We cannot assure you that we will be able to eitherhedge the costs or secure the availability of our raw material requirements at a reasonable level or, even with respect to our agreements that adjust pricing to amarket-based index for lead, pass on to our customers the increased costs of our raw materials without affecting demand or that limited availability ofmaterials will not impact our production capabilities. Our inability to raise the price of our products in response to increases in prices of raw materials or tomaintain a proper supply of raw materials could have an adverse effect on our revenue, operating profit and net income.Our operations expose us to litigation, tax, environmental and other legal compliance risks.We are subject to a variety of litigation, tax, environmental, health and safety and other legal compliance risks. These risks include, among other things,possible liability relating to product liability matters, personal injuries, intellectual property rights, contract-related claims, government contracts, taxes,health and safety liabilities, environmental matters and compliance with U.S. and foreign laws, competition laws and laws governing improper businesspractices. We or one of our business units could be charged with wrongdoing as a result of such matters. If convicted or found liable, we could be subject tosignificant fines, penalties, repayments or other damages (in certain cases, treble damages). As a global business, we are subject to complex laws andregulations in the U.S. and other countries in which we operate. Those laws and regulations may be interpreted in different ways. They may also change fromtime to time, as may related interpretations and other guidance. Changes in laws or regulations could result in higher expenses and payments, and uncertaintyrelating to laws or regulations may also affect how we conduct our operations and structure our investments and could limit our ability to enforce our rights.11Table of ContentsIn the area of taxes, changes in tax laws and regulations, as well as changes in related interpretations and other tax guidance could materially impact our taxreceivables and liabilities and our deferred tax assets and tax liabilities. Additionally, in the ordinary course of business, we are subject to examinations byvarious authorities, including tax authorities. In addition to ongoing examinations, there could be additional investigations launched in the future bygovernmental authorities in various jurisdictions and existing investigations could be expanded. The global and diverse nature of our operations means thatthese risks will continue to exist and additional legal proceedings and contingencies will arise from time to time. Our results may be affected by the outcomeof legal proceedings and other contingencies that cannot be predicted with certainty.In the manufacture of our products throughout the world, we process, store, dispose of and otherwise use large amounts of hazardous materials, especially leadand acid. As a result, we are subject to extensive and changing environmental, health and safety laws and regulations governing, among other things: thegeneration, handling, storage, use, transportation and disposal of hazardous materials; remediation of polluted ground or water; emissions or discharges ofhazardous materials into the ground, air or water; and the health and safety of our employees. Compliance with these laws and regulations results in ongoingcosts. Failure to comply with these laws or regulations, or to obtain or comply with required environmental permits, could result in fines, criminal charges orother sanctions by regulators. From time to time we have had instances of alleged or actual noncompliance that have resulted in the imposition of fines,penalties and required corrective actions. Our ongoing compliance with environmental, health and safety laws, regulations and permits could require us toincur significant expenses, limit our ability to modify or expand our facilities or continue production and require us to install additional pollution controlequipment and make other capital improvements. In addition, private parties, including current or former employees, could bring personal injury or otherclaims against us due to the presence of, or exposure to, hazardous substances used, stored or disposed of by us or contained in our products.Certain environmental laws assess liability on owners or operators of real property for the cost of investigation, removal or remediation of hazardoussubstances at their current or former properties or at properties at which they have disposed of hazardous substances. These laws may also assess costs torepair damage to natural resources. We may be responsible for remediating damage to our properties caused by former owners. Soil and groundwatercontamination has occurred at some of our current and former properties and may occur or be discovered at other properties in the future. We are currentlyinvestigating and monitoring soil and groundwater contamination at several of our properties, in most cases as required by regulatory permitting processes.We may be required to conduct these operations at other properties in the future. In addition, we have been and in the future may be liable to contribute to thecleanup of locations owned or operated by other persons to which we or our predecessor companies have sent wastes for disposal, pursuant to federal andother environmental laws. Under these laws, the owner or operator of contaminated properties and companies that generated, disposed of or arranged for thedisposal of wastes sent to a contaminated disposal facility can be held jointly and severally liable for the investigation and cleanup of such properties,regardless of fault. Additionally, our products may become subject to fees and taxes in order to fund cleanup of such properties, including those operated orused by other lead-battery industry participants.Changes in environmental and climate laws or regulations, could lead to new or additional investment in production designs and could increaseenvironmental compliance expenditures. Changes in climate change concerns, or in the regulation of such concerns, including greenhouse gas emissions,could subject us to additional costs and restrictions, including increased energy and raw materials costs. Additionally, we cannot assure you that we havebeen or at all times will be in compliance with environmental laws and regulations or that we will not be required to expend significant funds to comply with,or discharge liabilities arising under, environmental laws, regulations and permits, or that we will not be exposed to material environmental, health or safetylitigation.Also, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws in non-U.S. jurisdictions generally prohibit companies andtheir intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. The FCPA applies to companies,individual directors, officers, employees and agents. Under the FCPA, U.S. companies may be held liable for actions taken by strategic or local partners orrepresentatives. The FCPA also imposes accounting standards and requirements on publicly traded U.S. corporations and their foreign affiliates, which areintended to prevent the diversion of corporate funds to the payment of bribes and other improper payments. Certain of our customer relationships outside ofthe U.S. are with governmental entities and are therefore subject to such anti-bribery laws. Our policies mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws.Despite meaningful measures that we undertake to facilitate lawful conduct, which include training and internal control policies, these measures may notalways prevent reckless or criminal acts by our employees or agents. As a result, we could be subject to criminal and civil penalties, disgorgement, furtherchanges or enhancements to our procedures, policies and controls, personnel changes or other remedial actions. Violations of these laws, or allegations ofsuch violations, could disrupt our operations, involve significant management distraction and result in a material adverse effect on our competitive position,results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.12Table of ContentsThere is also a regulation to improve the transparency and accountability concerning the supply of minerals coming from the conflict zones in and aroundthe Democratic Republic of Congo. U.S. legislation included disclosure requirements regarding the use of conflict minerals mined from the DemocraticRepublic of Congo and adjoining countries and procedures regarding a manufacturer’s efforts to prevent the sourcing of such conflict minerals. In addition,the European Union adopted a EU-wide conflict minerals rule under which most EU importers of tin, tungsten, tantalum, gold and their ores will have toconduct due diligence to ensure the minerals do not originate from conflict zones and do not fund armed conflicts. Large manufacturers also will have todisclose how they plan to monitor their sources to comply with the rules. Compliance with the regulation is required by January 1, 2021. The implementationof these requirements could affect the sourcing and availability of minerals used in the manufacture of our products. As a result, there may only be a limitedpool of suppliers who provide conflict-free metals, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain products in sufficient quantities or at competitiveprices. Future regulations may become more stringent or costly and our compliance costs and potential liabilities could increase, which may harm ourbusiness.We are exposed to exchange rate risks, and our net earnings and financial condition may suffer due to currency translations.We invoice our foreign sales and service transactions in local and foreign currencies and translate net sales using actual exchange rates during the period. Wetranslate our non-U.S. assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars using current exchange rates as of the balance sheet dates. Because a significant portion of ourrevenues and expenses are denominated in foreign currencies, changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies, primarily the euro,British pound, Polish zloty, Chinese renminbi, Mexican peso and Swiss franc may adversely affect our revenue, cost of goods sold and operating margins. Forexample, foreign currency depreciation against the U.S. dollar will reduce the value of our foreign revenues and operating earnings as well as reduce our netinvestment in foreign subsidiaries. Approximately 50% of net sales were generated outside of the United States for the last three fiscal years.Most of the risk of fluctuating foreign currencies is in our EMEA segment, which comprised approximately one-third of our net sales during the last threefiscal years. The euro is the dominant currency in our EMEA operations. In the event that one or more European countries were to replace the euro withanother currency, our sales into such countries, or into Europe generally, would likely be adversely affected until stable exchange rates are established.The translation impact from currency fluctuations on net sales and operating earnings in our Americas and Asia segments are not as significant as our EMEAsegment, as a substantial majority of these net sales and operating earnings are in U.S. dollars or foreign currencies that have been closely correlated to theU.S. dollar.If foreign currencies depreciate against the U.S. dollar, it would make it more expensive for our non-U.S. subsidiaries to purchase certain of our raw materialcommodities that are priced globally in U.S. dollars, while the related revenue will decrease when translated to U.S. dollars. Significant movements in foreignexchange rates can have a material impact on our results of operations and financial condition. We periodically engage in hedging of our foreign currencyexposures, but cannot assure you that we can successfully hedge all of our foreign currency exposures or do so at a reasonable cost.We quantify and monitor our global foreign currency exposures. Our largest foreign currency exposure is from the purchase and conversion of U.S. dollarbased lead costs into local currencies in Europe. Additionally, we have currency exposures from intercompany financing and intercompany and third partytrade transactions. On a selective basis, we enter into foreign currency forward contracts and purchase option contracts to reduce the impact from thevolatility of currency movements; however, we cannot be certain that foreign currency fluctuations will not impact our operations in the future.If we are unable to effectively hedge against currency fluctuations, our operating costs and revenues in our non-U.S. operations may be adversely affected,which would have an adverse effect on our operating profit and net income.13Table of ContentsWe may experience difficulties implementing our new global enterprise resource planning system.We are engaged in a multi-year implementation of a new global enterprise resource planning system (“ERP”). The ERP is designed to efficiently maintain ourfinancial records and provide information important to the operation of our business to our management team. The ERP will continue to require significantinvestment of human and financial resources. In implementing the ERP, we may experience significant delays, increased costs and other difficulties. Anysignificant disruption or deficiency in the design and implementation of the ERP could adversely affect our ability to process orders, ship product, sendinvoices and track payments, fulfill contractual obligations or otherwise operate our business. While we have invested significant resources in planning,project management and training, additional and significant implementation issues may arise. In addition, our efforts to centralize various business processesand functions within our organization in connection with our ERP implementation may disrupt our operations and negatively impact our business, results ofoperations and financial condition.The failure to successfully implement efficiency and cost reduction initiatives, including restructuring activities, could materially adversely affect ourbusiness and results of operations, and we may not realize some or all of the anticipated benefits of those initiatives.From time to time we have implemented efficiency and cost reduction initiatives intended to improve our profitability and to respond to changes impactingour business and industry. These initiatives include relocating manufacturing to lower cost regions, working with our material suppliers to lower costs,product design and manufacturing improvements, personnel reductions and voluntary retirement programs, and strategically planning capital expendituresand development activities. In the past we have recorded net restructuring charges to cover costs associated with our cost reduction initiatives involvingrestructuring. These costs have been primarily composed of employee separation costs, including severance payments, and asset impairments or losses fromdisposal. We also undertake restructuring activities and programs to improve our cost structure in connection with our business acquisitions, which can resultin significant charges, including charges for severance payments to terminated employees and asset impairment charges.We cannot assure you that our efficiency and cost reduction initiatives will be successfully or timely implemented, or that they will materially and positivelyimpact our profitability. Because our initiatives involve changes to many aspects of our business, the associated cost reductions could adversely impactproductivity and sales to an extent we have not anticipated. In addition, our ability to complete our efficiency and cost-savings initiatives and achieve theanticipated benefits within the expected time frame is subject to estimates and assumptions and may vary materially from our expectations, including as aresult of factors that are beyond our control. Furthermore, our efforts to improve the efficiencies of our business operations and improve growth may not besuccessful. Even if we fully execute and implement these activities and they generate the anticipated cost savings, there may be other unforeseeable andunintended consequences that could materially adversely impact our profitability and business, including unintended employee attrition or harm to ourcompetitive position. To the extent that we do not achieve the profitability enhancement or other benefits of our efficiency and cost reduction initiatives thatwe anticipate, our results of operations may be materially adversely effected.Our international operations may be adversely affected by actions taken by foreign governments or other forces or events over which we may have nocontrol.We currently have significant manufacturing and/or distribution facilities outside of the United States, in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria,Canada, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, India, Italy, Malaysia, Mexico, the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”), Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisiaand the United Kingdom. Our global operations are dependent upon products manufactured, purchased and sold in the U.S. and internationally, including incountries with political and economic instability or uncertainty. This includes, for example, the uncertainty related to the United Kingdom’s withdrawal fromthe European Union (commonly known as “Brexit”). Some countries have greater political and economic volatility and greater vulnerability to infrastructureand labor disruptions than others. Our business could be negatively impacted by adverse fluctuations in freight costs, limitations on shipping and receivingcapacity, and other disruptions in the transportation and shipping infrastructure at important geographic points of exit and entry for our products. Operatingin different regions and countries exposes us to a number of risks, including:•multiple and potentially conflicting laws, regulations and policies that are subject to change;•imposition of currency restrictions, restrictions on repatriation of earnings or other restraints imposition of burdensome tariffs or quotas;•changes in trade agreements;•imposition of new or additional trade and economic sanctions laws imposed by the U.S. or foreign governments;•war or terrorist acts; and•political and economic instability or civil unrest that may severely disrupt economic activity in affected countries.14Table of ContentsThe occurrence of one or more of these events may negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.Our failure to introduce new products and product enhancements and broad market acceptance of new technologies introduced by our competitors couldadversely affect our business.Many new energy storage technologies have been introduced over the past several years. For certain important and growing markets, such as aerospace anddefense, lithium-based battery technologies have a large and growing market share. Our ability to achieve significant and sustained penetration of keydeveloping markets, including aerospace and defense, will depend upon our success in developing or acquiring these and other technologies, eitherindependently, through joint ventures or through acquisitions. If we fail to develop or acquire, and manufacture and sell, products that satisfy our customers’demands, or we fail to respond effectively to new product announcements by our competitors by quickly introducing competitive products, then marketacceptance of our products could be reduced and our business could be adversely affected. We cannot assure you that our portfolio of primarily lead-acidproducts will remain competitive with products based on new technologies.We may not be able to adequately protect our proprietary intellectual property and technology.We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret laws, non-disclosure agreements and other confidentiality procedures andcontractual provisions to establish, protect and maintain our proprietary intellectual property and technology and other confidential information. Certain ofthese technologies, especially TPPL technology, are important to our business and are not protected by patents. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietaryintellectual property and technology and other confidential information, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use ourintellectual property and proprietary technologies. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property and technology, we may lose any technologicaladvantage we currently enjoy and may be required to take an impairment charge with respect to the carrying value of such intellectual property or goodwillestablished in connection with the acquisition thereof. In either case, our operating results and net income may be adversely affected.Relocation of our customers’ operations could adversely affect our business.The trend by a number of our North American and Western European customers to move manufacturing operations and expand their businesses in fastergrowing and low labor-cost markets may have an adverse impact on our business. As our customers in traditional manufacturing-based industries seek tomove their manufacturing operations to these locations, there is a risk that these customers will source their energy storage products from competitors locatedin those territories and will cease or reduce the purchase of products from our manufacturing plants. We cannot assure you that we will be able to competeeffectively with manufacturing operations of energy storage products in those territories, whether by establishing or expanding our manufacturing operationsin those lower-cost territories or acquiring existing manufacturers.Quality problems with our products could harm our reputation and erode our competitive position.The success of our business will depend upon the quality of our products and our relationships with customers. In the event that our products fail to meet ourcustomers’ standards, our reputation could be harmed, which would adversely affect our marketing and sales efforts. We cannot assure you that our customerswill not experience quality problems with our products.We offer our products under a variety of brand names, the protection of which is important to our reputation for quality in the consumer marketplace.We rely upon a combination of trademark, licensing and contractual covenants to establish and protect the brand names of our products. We have registeredmany of our trademarks in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and in other countries. In many market segments, our reputation is closely related to ourbrand names. Monitoring unauthorized use of our brand names is difficult, and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent theirunauthorized use, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the U.S. We cannot assure you that ourbrand names will not be misappropriated or utilized without our consent or that such actions will not have a material adverse effect on our reputation and onour results of operations.15Table of ContentsWe may fail to implement our plans to make acquisitions or successfully integrate them into our operations.As part of our business strategy, we have grown, and plan to continue growing, by acquiring other product lines, technologies or facilities that complement orexpand our existing business. There is significant competition for acquisition targets in the industrial battery industry. We may not be able to identifysuitable acquisition candidates or negotiate attractive terms. In addition, we may have difficulty obtaining the financing necessary to complete transactionswe pursue. In that regard, our credit facilities restrict the amount of additional indebtedness that we may incur to finance acquisitions and place otherrestrictions on our ability to make acquisitions. Exceeding any of these restrictions would require the consent of our lenders. We may be unable tosuccessfully integrate any assets, liabilities, customers, systems and management personnel we acquire into our operations and we may not be able to realizerelated revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames. Our failure to execute our acquisition strategy could have a material adverse effecton our business. We cannot assure you that our acquisition strategy will be successful or that we will be able to successfully integrate acquisitions we domake.Any acquisitions that we complete may dilute stockholder ownership interests in EnerSys, may have adverse effects on our financial condition and results ofoperations and may cause unanticipated liabilities.Future acquisitions may involve the issuance of our equity securities as payment, in part or in full, for the businesses or assets acquired. Any future issuancesof equity securities would dilute stockholder ownership interests. In addition, future acquisitions might not increase, and may even decrease, our earnings orearnings per share and the benefits derived by us from an acquisition might not outweigh or might not exceed the dilutive effect of the acquisition. We alsomay incur additional debt or suffer adverse tax and accounting consequences in connection with any future acquisitions.The failure or security breach of critical computer systems could seriously affect our sales and operations.We operate a number of critical computer systems throughout our business that can fail for a variety of reasons. If such a failure were to occur, we may not beable to sufficiently recover from the failure in time to avoid the loss of data or any adverse impact on certain of our operations that are dependent on suchsystems. This could result in lost sales and the inefficient operation of our facilities for the duration of such a failure.In addition, our computer systems are essential for the exchange of information both within the company and in communicating with third parties. Despiteour efforts to protect the integrity of our systems and network as well as sensitive, confidential or personal data or information, our facilities and systems andthose of our third-party service providers may be vulnerable to security breaches, theft, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human errors that couldpotentially lead to the compromising of sensitive, confidential or personal data or information, improper use of our systems, software solutions or networks,unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification or destruction of information, defective products, production downtimes and operational disruptions,which in turn could adversely affect our reputation, competitiveness, and results of operations.Our ability to maintain adequate credit facilities.Our ability to continue our ongoing business operations and fund future growth depends on our ability to maintain adequate credit facilities and to complywith the financial and other covenants in such credit facilities or to secure alternative sources of financing. However, such credit facilities or alternatefinancing may not be available or, if available, may not be on terms favorable to us. If we do not have adequate access to credit, we may be unable torefinance our existing borrowings and credit facilities when they mature and to fund future acquisitions, and this may reduce our flexibility in responding tochanging industry conditions.Our indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.As of March 31, 2018, we had $598.0 million of total consolidated debt (including capital lease obligations). This level of debt could:•increase our vulnerability to adverse general economic and industry conditions, including interest rate fluctuations, because a portion of ourborrowings bear, and will continue to bear, interest at floating rates;•require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to debt service payments, which would reduce the availability of our cashto fund working capital, capital expenditures or other general corporate purposes, including acquisitions;•limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and industry;16Table of Contents•restrict our ability to introduce new products or new technologies or exploit business opportunities;•place us at a disadvantage compared with competitors that have proportionately less debt;•limit our ability to borrow additional funds in the future, if we need them, due to financial and restrictive covenants in our debt agreements; and•have a material adverse effect on us if we fail to comply with the financial and restrictive covenants in our debt agreements.There can be no assurance that we will continue to declare cash dividends at all or in any particular amounts.During fiscal 2018, we announced the declaration of a quarterly cash dividend of $0.175 per share of common stock for quarters ended July 2, 2017, October1, 2017, December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018. On May 16, 2018, we announced a fiscal 2019 first quarter cash dividend of $0.175 per share of commonstock. Future payment of a regular quarterly cash dividend on our common shares will be subject to, among other things, our results of operations, cashbalances and future cash requirements, financial condition, statutory requirements of Delaware law, compliance with the terms of existing and futureindebtedness and credit facilities, and other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant. Our dividend payments may change from time to time, andwe cannot provide assurance that we will continue to declare dividends at all or in any particular amounts. A reduction in or elimination of our dividendpayments could have a negative effect on our share price.We cannot guarantee that our share repurchase program will be fully consummated or that it will enhance long-term stockholder value. Share repurchasescould also increase the volatility of the trading price of our stock and could diminish our cash reserves.Our board of directors has authorized a share repurchase program of up to $100 million of our common stock. Although our board of directors has authorizedthis share repurchase program, the program does not obligate us to repurchase any specific dollar amount or to acquire any specific number of shares. Wecannot guarantee that the program will be fully consummated or that it will enhance long-term stockholder value. The program could affect the trading priceof our stock and increase volatility, and any announcement of a termination of this program may result in a decrease in the trading price of our stock. Inaddition, this program could diminish our cash reserves.We depend on our senior management team and other key employees, and significant attrition within our management team or unsuccessful successionplanning could adversely affect our business.Our success depends in part on our ability to attract, retain and motivate senior management and other key employees. Achieving this objective may bedifficult due to many factors, including fluctuations in global economic and industry conditions, competitors’ hiring practices, cost reduction activities, andthe effectiveness of our compensation programs. Competition for qualified personnel can be very intense. We must continue to recruit, retain and motivatesenior management and other key employees sufficient to maintain our current business and support our future projects. We are vulnerable to attrition amongour current senior management team and other key employees. A loss of any such personnel, or the inability to recruit and retain qualified personnel in thefuture, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if we are unsuccessful in our successionplanning efforts, the continuity of our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.We may have exposure to greater than anticipated tax liabilities.Our income tax obligations are based in part on our corporate operating structure and intercompany arrangements, including the manner in which we operateour business, develop, value, manage, protect, and use our intellectual property and the valuations of our intercompany transactions. We may also be subjectto additional indirect or non-income taxes. The tax laws applicable to our business, including the laws of the United States and other jurisdictions, are subjectto interpretation and certain jurisdictions are aggressively interpreting their laws in new ways in an effort to raise additional tax revenue from multi-nationalcompanies, like us. The taxing authorities of the jurisdictions in which we operate may challenge our methodologies for valuing developed technology orintercompany arrangements, which could increase our worldwide effective tax rate and harm our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.Although we believe that our provision for income taxes is reasonable, the ultimate tax outcome may differ from the amounts recorded in our financialstatements and may materially affect our financial results in the period or periods for which such determination is made. In addition, our future income taxrates could be adversely affected by earnings being lower than anticipated in jurisdictions that have lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated injurisdictions that have higher statutory tax rates, by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, or by changes in tax laws, regulations,or accounting principles.17Table of ContentsChanges in tax laws or tax rulings could materially affect our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.The income and non-income tax regimes we are subject to or operate under are unsettled and may be subject to significant change. Changes in tax laws or taxrulings, or changes in interpretations of existing laws, could materially affect our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. For example,changes to U.S. tax laws enacted in December 2017 had a significant impact on our tax obligations and effective tax rate for the third quarter and full year offiscal 2018. In addition, many countries in Europe, as well as a number of other countries and organizations, have recently proposed or recommendedchanges to existing tax laws or have enacted new laws that could significantly increase our tax obligations in many countries where we do business or requireus to change the manner in which we operate our business. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has been working on a BaseErosion and Profit Shifting Project, and issued in 2015, and is expected to continue to issue, guidelines and proposals that may change various aspects of theexisting framework under which our tax obligations are determined in many of the countries in which we do business. The European Commission hasconducted investigations in multiple countries focusing on whether local country tax rulings or tax legislation provides preferential tax treatment thatviolates European Union state aid rules and concluded that certain countries, including Ireland, have provided illegal state aid in certain cases. Theseinvestigations may result in changes to the tax treatment of our foreign operations. Due to the large and expanding scale of our international businessactivities, many of these types of changes to the taxation of our activities could increase our worldwide effective tax rate and harm our financial position,results of operations, and cash flows.Uncertainties in the interpretation and application of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act could materially affect our tax obligations and effective tax rate. The 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017, and significantly affected U.S. tax law by changing how the U.S. imposesincome tax on multinational corporations. The U.S. Department of Treasury has broad authority to issue regulations and interpretative guidance that maysignificantly impact how we will apply the law and impact our results of operations in the period issued. The Tax Act requires complex computations notpreviously provided in the U.S. tax law. As such, the application of accounting guidance for such items is currently uncertain. Further, compliance with theTax Act and the accounting for such provisions require accumulation of information not previously required or regularly produced. As a result, we haveprovided a provisional estimate on the effect of the Tax Act in our financial statements. As additional regulatory guidance is issued by the applicable taxingauthorities, as accounting treatment is clarified, as we perform additional analysis on the application of the law, and as we refine estimates in calculating theeffect, our final analysis, which will be recorded in the period completed, may be different from our current provisional amounts, which could materiallyaffect our tax obligations and effective tax rate. ITEM 1B.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.18Table of ContentsITEM 2.PROPERTIESThe Company’s worldwide headquarters is located in Reading, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Geographic headquarters for our Americas, EMEA and Asia segments arelocated in Reading, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., Zug, Switzerland and Singapore, respectively. The Company owns approximately 80% of its manufacturingfacilities and distribution centers worldwide. The following sets forth the Company’s principal owned or leased facilities by business segment:Americas: Sylmar, California; Longmont, Colorado; Tampa, Florida; Hays, Kansas; Richmond, Kentucky; Warrensburg, Missouri; Horsham,Pennsylvania; Sumter, South Carolina; Ooltewah, Tennessee and Spokane, Washington in the United States; Monterrey and Tijuana in Mexico; BuenosAires, Argentina and São Paulo, in Brazil.EMEA: Targovishte, Bulgaria; Hostomice, Czech Republic; Arras, France; Hagen and Zwickau in Germany; Bielsko-Biala, Poland; Newport andCulham in the United Kingdom; and Tunis, Tunisia.Asia: Chongqing and Yangzhou in the PRC and Andhra Pradesh in India.We consider our plants and facilities, whether owned or leased, to be in satisfactory condition and adequate to meet the needs of our current businesses andprojected growth. Information as to material lease commitments is included in Note 9 - Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements.ITEM 3.LEGAL PROCEEDINGSFrom time to time, we are involved in litigation incidental to the conduct of our business. See Litigation and Other Legal Matters in Note 18 - Commitments,Contingencies and Litigation to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.19Table of ContentsPART IIITEM 5.MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OFEQUITY SECURITIESMarket InformationThe Company’s common stock has been listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “ENS” since it began trading on July 30, 2004. Prior tothat time, there had been no public market for our common stock. The following table sets forth, on a per share basis for the periods presented, the range ofhigh, low and closing prices of the Company’s common stock. Quarter Ended High Price Low Price Closing Price Dividends DeclaredMarch 31, 2018 $76.73 $62.85 $69.37 $0.175December 31, 2017 71.37 65.47 69.63 0.175October 1, 2017 74.75 61.33 69.17 0.175July 2, 2017 84.74 71.75 72.45 0.175 March 31, 2017 $81.63 $73.98 $78.94 $0.175January 1, 2017 83.70 63.10 78.10 0.175October 2, 2016 73.12 58.35 69.19 0.175July 3, 2016 67.94 52.37 60.66 0.175Holders of RecordAs of May 25, 2018, there were approximately 366 record holders of common stock of the Company. Because many of these shares are held by brokers andother institutions on behalf of stockholders, the Company is unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders.Recent Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, we did not issue any unregistered securities.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated PurchasersThe following table summarizes the number of shares of common stock we purchased from participants in our equity incentive plans as well as repurchases ofcommon stock authorized by the Board of Directors. As provided by the Company’s equity incentive plans, (a) vested options outstanding may be exercisedthrough surrender to the Company of option shares or vested options outstanding under the Company’s equity incentive plans to satisfy the applicableaggregate exercise price (and any withholding tax) required to be paid upon such exercise and (b) the withholding tax requirements related to the vesting andsettlement of equity awards may be satisfied by the surrender of shares of the Company’s common stock.20Table of ContentsPurchases of Equity Securities Period (a)Total numberof shares (orunits)purchased (b)Average pricepaid per share(or unit) (c)Total number ofshares (or units)purchased as part ofpublicly announcedplans or programs (d)Maximum number(or approximatedollar value) of shares(or units) that may bepurchased under theplans or programs(1)(2)January 1, 2018 - January 28, 2018 216,738 $92.28 216,738 $100,000,000January 29, 2018 - February 25, 2018 4,279 71.22 — 100,000,000February 26, 2018 - March 31, 2018 — — — 100,000,000Total 221,017 $91.87 216,738 (1) The Company's Board of Directors has authorized the Company to repurchase up to such number of shares as shall equal the dilutive effects of anyequity based award granted during such fiscal year under the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan and the number of shares exercised through stock optionawards during such fiscal year. These amounted to 4,279 shares, repurchased at an average price of $71.22.(2) On November 8, 2017, the Company announced the establishment of a $100 million stock repurchase authorization, with no expiration date. Theauthorization is in addition to the existing stock repurchase programs.21Table of ContentsSTOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPHThe following graph compares the changes in cumulative total returns on EnerSys’ common stock with the changes in cumulative total returns of the NewYork Stock Exchange Composite Index, a broad equity market index, and the total return on a selected peer group index. The peer group selected is based onthe standard industrial classification codes (“SIC Codes”) established by the U.S. government. The index chosen was “Miscellaneous Electrical Equipmentand Suppliers” and comprises all publicly traded companies having the same three-digit SIC Code (369) as EnerSys.The graph was prepared assuming that $100 was invested in EnerSys’ common stock, the New York Stock Exchange Composite Index and the peer group(duly updated for changes) on March 31, 2013.*$100 invested on March 31, 2013 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.22Table of ContentsITEM 6.SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 (In thousands, except share and per share data)Consolidated Statements of Income: Net sales $2,581,891 $2,367,149 $2,316,249 $2,505,512 $2,474,433Cost of goods sold 1,921,494 1,714,367 1,704,472 1,864,601 1,844,813Inventory adjustment relating to exit activities 3,457 2,157 — — —Gross profit 656,940 650,625 611,777 640,911 629,620Operating expenses 382,077 369,863 352,767 358,381 344,421Restructuring and other exit charges 5,481 7,160 12,978 11,436 27,326Impairment of goodwill — 12,216 31,411 20,371 5,179Impairment of indefinite-lived intangibles and fixedassets — 1,800 4,841 3,575 —Legal proceedings charge / (reversal of legal accrual,net of fees) — 23,725 3,201 (16,233) 58,184Gain on sale of facility — — (3,420) — —Operating earnings 269,382 235,861 209,999 263,381 194,510Interest expense 25,001 22,197 22,343 19,644 17,105Other (income) expense, net 6,055 969 5,719 (5,602) 13,658Earnings before income taxes 238,326 212,695 181,937 249,339 163,747Income tax expense 118,493 54,472 50,113 67,814 16,980Net earnings 119,833 158,223 131,824 181,525 146,767Net earnings (losses) attributable to noncontrollinginterests 239 (1,991) (4,326) 337 (3,561)Net earnings attributable to EnerSys stockholders $119,594 $160,214 $136,150 $181,188 $150,328Net earnings per common share attributable toEnerSys stockholders: Basic $2.81 $3.69 $3.08 $3.97 $3.17Diluted $2.77 $3.64 $2.99 $3.77 $3.02Weighted-average number of common sharesoutstanding: Basic 42,612,036 43,389,333 44,276,713 45,606,317 47,473,690Diluted 43,119,856 44,012,543 45,474,130 48,052,729 49,788,155 Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 (In thousands)Consolidated cash flow data: Net cash provided by operating activities $211,048 $246,030 $307,571 $194,471 $193,621Net cash used in investing activities (72,357) (61,833) (80,923) (59,616) (232,005)Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (166,888) (62,542) (105,729) (59,313) 21,562Other operating data: Capital expenditures 69,832 50,072 55,880 63,625 61,995 As of March 31, 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 (In thousands)Consolidated balance sheet data: Cash and cash equivalents $522,118 $500,329 $397,307 $268,921 $240,103Working capital 1,048,057 951,484 845,068 769,881 719,297Total assets 2,486,925 2,293,029 2,214,488 2,136,555 2,318,959Total debt, including capital leases, excludingdiscount on the Convertible Notes (1) 598,020 606,133 628,631 513,213 319,401Total EnerSys stockholders’ equity 1,195,675 1,103,456 1,013,131 1,038,900 1,246,402(1) Convertible Notes as defined under Liquidity and Capital Resources in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.23Table of ContentsITEM 7.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSThe following discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016,should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements included in Item 8. Financial Statementsand Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations thatinvolve risks and uncertainties, such as our plans, objectives, opinions, expectations, anticipations and intentions and beliefs. Actual results and the timingof events could differ materially from those anticipated in those forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors. See “Cautionary NoteRegarding Forward-Looking Statements,” “Business” and “Risk Factors,” sections elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the followingdiscussion and analysis of results of operations and financial condition, certain financial measures may be considered “non-GAAP financial measures”under the SEC rules. These rules require supplemental explanation and reconciliation, which is provided in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.EnerSys’ management uses the non-GAAP measures, EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA, in its computation of compliance with loan covenants. These measures,as used by EnerSys, adjust net earnings determined in accordance with GAAP for interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, and certain charges orcredits as permitted by our credit agreements, that were recorded during the periods presented.EnerSys’ management uses the non-GAAP measures, "primary working capital" and "primary working capital percentage" (see definition in “Liquidity andCapital Resources” below) along with capital expenditures, in its evaluation of business segment cash flow and financial position performance.These non-GAAP disclosures have limitations as analytical tools, should not be viewed as a substitute for cash flow or operating earnings determined inaccordance with GAAP, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of the Company’s results as reported under GAAP, nor arethey necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies. This supplemental presentation should not beconstrued as an inference that the Company’s future results will be unaffected by similar adjustments to operating earnings determined in accordance withGAAP.OverviewEnerSys (the “Company,” “we,” or “us”) is the world’s largest manufacturer, marketer and distributor of industrial batteries. We also manufacture, market anddistribute products such as battery chargers, power equipment, battery accessories, and outdoor cabinet enclosures. Additionally, we provide relatedaftermarket and customer-support services for our products. We market our products globally to over 10,000 customers in more than 100 countries through anetwork of distributors, independent representatives and our internal sales force.We operate and manage our business in three geographic regions of the world—Americas, EMEA and Asia, as described below. Our business is highlydecentralized with manufacturing locations throughout the world. More than half of our manufacturing capacity is located outside the United States, andapproximately 50% of our net sales were generated outside the United States. The Company has three reportable business segments based on geographicregions, defined as follows:•Americas, which includes North and South America, with our segment headquarters in Reading, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.;•EMEA, which includes Europe, the Middle East and Africa, with our segment headquarters in Zug, Switzerland; and•Asia, which includes Asia, Australia and Oceania, with our segment headquarters in Singapore.We evaluate business segment performance based primarily upon operating earnings exclusive of highlighted items. Highlighted items are those that theCompany deems are not indicative of ongoing operating results, including those charges that the Company incurs as a result of restructuring activities andthose charges and credits that are not directly related to ongoing business segment performance. All corporate and centrally incurred costs are allocated to thebusiness segments based principally on net sales. We evaluate business segment cash flow and financial position performance based primarily upon capitalexpenditures and primary working capital levels (see definition of primary working capital in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below). Although wemonitor the three elements of primary working capital (receivables, inventory and payables), our primary focus is on the total amount due to the significantimpact it has on our cash flow.24Table of ContentsOur management structure, financial reporting systems, and associated internal controls and procedures, are all consistent with our three geographic businesssegments. We report on a March 31 fiscal year-end. Our financial results are largely driven by the following factors:•global economic conditions and general cyclical patterns of the industries in which our customers operate;•changes in our selling prices and, in periods when our product costs increase, our ability to raise our selling prices to pass such cost increases throughto our customers;•the extent to which we are able to efficiently utilize our global manufacturing facilities and optimize our capacity;•the extent to which we can control our fixed and variable costs, including those for our raw materials, manufacturing, distribution and operatingactivities;•changes in our level of debt and changes in the variable interest rates under our credit facilities; and•the size and number of acquisitions and our ability to achieve their intended benefits.We have two primary product lines: reserve power and motive power products. Net sales classifications by product line are as follows:•Reserve power products are used for backup power for the continuous operation of critical applications in telecommunications systems,uninterruptible power systems, or “UPS” applications for computer and computer-controlled systems, and other specialty power applications,including medical and security systems, premium starting, lighting and ignition applications, in switchgear, electrical control systems used in electricutilities, large-scale energy storage, energy pipelines, in commercial aircraft, satellites, military aircraft, submarines, ships and tactical vehicles.Reserve power products also include thermally managed cabinets and enclosures for electronic equipment and batteries.•Motive power products are used to provide power for electric industrial forklifts used in manufacturing, warehousing and other material handlingapplications, as well as mining equipment, diesel locomotive starting and other rail equipment.Current Market ConditionsEconomic ClimateRecent indicators continue to suggest a mixed trend in economic activity among the different geographical regions. North America and EMEA areexperiencing moderate economic growth. Our Asia region continues to grow faster than any other region in which we do business.Volatility of Commodities and Foreign CurrenciesOur most significant commodity and foreign currency exposures are related to lead and the euro, respectively. Historically, volatility of commodity costs andforeign currency exchange rates have caused large swings in our production costs. As the global economic climate changes, we anticipate that ourcommodity costs and foreign currency exposures may continue to fluctuate as they have in the past several years. Over the past year, on a consolidated basis,we have experienced rising commodity costs and a weaker U.S. dollar.Customer PricingOur selling prices rose during the past year to offset the rising cost of commodities. Approximately 30% of our revenue is currently subject to agreements thatadjust pricing to a market-based index for lead. During fiscal 2018, we increased our selling prices in response to increased commodity costs. Liquidity and Capital ResourcesWe believe that our financial position is strong, and we have substantial liquidity with $522 million of available cash and cash equivalents and available andundrawn credit lines of approximately $613 million at March 31, 2018 to cover short-term liquidity requirements and anticipated growth in the foreseeablefuture.In the second quarter of fiscal 2018, we entered into a new credit facility (“2017 Credit Facility”) that comprised a $600 million senior secured revolvingcredit facility (“2017 Revolver”) and a $150 million senior secured term loan (“2017 Term Loan”) with a maturity date of September 30, 2022. We repaid ourthen existing facility (“2011 Credit Facility”), which comprised a $500 million senior secured revolving credit facility (“2011 Revolver”) and a $150 millionsenior secured incremental term25Table of Contentsloan (the “2011 Term Loan”) with the proceeds of the new facility. We believe that the 2017 Credit Facility, which is committed through September 2022 aslong as we comply with its covenants and conditions, provides us with sufficient liquidity to fund acquisitions and stock repurchase programs.Current market conditions related to our liquidity and capital resources are favorable. We believe current conditions remain favorable for the Company tohave continued positive cash flow from operations that, along with available cash and cash equivalents and our undrawn lines of credit, will be sufficient tofund our capital expenditures, acquisitions and other investments for growth.In fiscal 2016, we issued $300 million of 5.00% Senior Notes due 2023 (the “Notes”), the net proceeds used primarily to fund the payment of principal andaccreted interest outstanding on the senior 3.375% convertible notes due 2038 (the “Convertible Notes”) that were settled in fiscal 2016.Subsequent to the extinguishment of the Convertible Notes and the repayment of the 2011 Credit Facility, other than the Notes and the 2017 Credit Facility,we have no other significant amount of long-term debt maturing in the near future.In fiscal 2018, we repurchased $121 million of our common stock through an accelerated share repurchase program (“ASR”) with a major financial institutionand through open market purchases. Share repurchases and a decline in our share price helped offset the dilutive impact of stock awards. There were norepurchases of common stock in fiscal 2017.A substantial majority of the Company’s cash and investments are held by foreign subsidiaries and are considered to be indefinitely reinvested and expectedto be utilized to fund local operating activities, capital expenditure requirements and acquisitions. The Company believes that it has sufficient sources ofdomestic and foreign liquidity.Cost Savings InitiativesCost savings programs remain a continuous element of our business strategy and are directed primarily at further reductions in plant manufacturing (labor andoverhead), raw material costs and our operating expenses (primarily selling, general and administrative). In order to realize cost savings benefits for a majorityof these initiatives, costs are incurred either in the form of capital expenditures, funding the cash obligations of previously recorded restructuring expenses orcurrent period expenses.During fiscal 2016, we announced restructuring programs related to improving operational efficiencies in EMEA and the Americas. These actions werecompleted in fiscal 2017, resulting in the reduction of approximately 240 employees and the closure of our Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A., manufacturing facility.Approximately $3.0 million pre-tax savings have been reflected in the fiscal 2016 results, and an additional pre-tax savings of approximately $6.0 millionhave been reflected in the fiscal 2017 results. Fiscal 2018 results included an additional pre-tax savings of approximately $1.3 million.During fiscal 2017, we announced restructuring programs to improve efficiencies related to our motive power production in EMEA. These actions resulted inthe reduction of approximately 45 employees. Approximately $3.5 million pre-tax savings have been reflected in our fiscal 2018 results.During fiscal 2018, we announced a restructuring program to improve efficiencies of our general operations in the Americas. This action resulted in thereduction of approximately 100 employees and $2.2 million of pre-tax savings in our fiscal 2018 results.In January 2017, we started our Operational Excellence program, referred to as the EnerSys Operating System, or EOS. Currently, EOS engages over 2,700employees world-wide who impact approximately $700 million in cost of production. EOS serves as our Continuous Improvement engine. During fiscal2018, we were able to fund our investment in new product development and digital core with savings of nearly $25 million, which included theaforementioned $7.0 million savings in fiscal 2018 from restructuring programs. We remain on pace with our global deployment of EOS, and constantlyevaluate the return on investment to ensure we achieve our targeted 200 basis point improvement by end of fiscal 2021.26Table of ContentsCritical Accounting Policies and EstimatesOur significant accounting policies are described in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. In preparing our financial statements, managementis required to make estimates and assumptions that, among other things, affect the reported amounts in the Consolidated Financial Statements andaccompanying notes. These estimates and assumptions are most significant where they involve levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account forhighly uncertain matters or matters susceptible to change, and where they can have a material impact on our financial condition and operating performance.We discuss below the more significant estimates and related assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. If actual resultswere to differ materially from the estimates made, the reported results could be materially affected.Revenue RecognitionWe recognize revenue when the earnings process is complete. This occurs when risk and title transfers, collectibility is reasonably assured and pricing is fixedor determinable. Shipment terms to our battery product customers are either shipping point or destination and do not differ significantly between our businesssegments. Accordingly, revenue is recognized when risk and title is transferred to the customer. Amounts invoiced to customers for shipping and handling areclassified as revenue. Taxes on revenue producing transactions are not included in net sales.We recognize revenue from the service of reserve power and motive power products when the respective services are performed.Management believes that the accounting estimates related to revenue recognition are critical accounting estimates because they require reasonableassurance of collection of revenue proceeds and completion of all performance obligations. Also, revenues are recorded net of provisions for sales discountsand returns, which are established at the time of sale. These estimates are based on our past experience.Asset Impairment DeterminationsWe test for the impairment of our goodwill and indefinite-lived trademarks at least annually and whenever events or circumstances occur indicating that apossible impairment has been incurred.We perform our annual goodwill impairment test on the first day of our fourth quarter for each of our reporting units based on the income approach, alsoknown as the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method, which utilizes the present value of future cash flows to estimate fair value. We also use the marketapproach, which utilizes market price data of companies engaged in the same or a similar line of business as that of our company, to estimate fair value. Areconciliation of the two methods is performed to assess the reasonableness of fair value of each of the reporting units.The future cash flows used under the DCF method are derived from estimates of future revenues, operating income, working capital requirements and capitalexpenditures, which in turn reflect specific global, industry and market conditions. The discount rate developed for each of the reporting units is based ondata and factors relevant to the economies in which the business operates and other risks associated with those cash flows, including the potential variabilityin the amount and timing of the cash flows. A terminal growth rate is applied to the final year of the projected period and reflects our estimate of stablegrowth to perpetuity. We then calculate the present value of the respective cash flows for each reporting unit to arrive at the fair value using the incomeapproach and then determine the appropriate weighting between the fair value estimated using the income approach and the fair value estimated using themarket approach. Finally, we compare the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to its respective carrying value in order to determine if the goodwillassigned to each reporting unit is potentially impaired. In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2017-04,“Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Accounting for Goodwill Impairment”, which eliminated Step 2 from the goodwill impairmenttest. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not impaired and no further testing is required. If the fair value of thereporting unit is less than the carrying value, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’sfair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This update is effective for annual orany interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwillimpairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company was able to early adopt ASU 2017-04 in fiscal 2017 and eliminated Step 2from the goodwill impairment test conducted in fiscal 2017.Significant assumptions used include management’s estimates of future growth rates, the amount and timing of future operating cash flows, capitalexpenditures, discount rates, as well as market and industry conditions and relevant comparable company27Table of Contentsmultiples for the market approach. Assumptions utilized are highly judgmental, especially given the role technology plays in driving the demand forproducts in the telecommunications and aerospace markets.The indefinite-lived trademarks are tested for impairment by comparing the carrying value to the fair value based on current revenue projections of therelated operations, under the relief from royalty method. Any excess carrying value over the amount of fair value is recognized as impairment. Anyimpairment would be recognized in full in the reporting period in which it has been identified.With respect to our other long-lived assets other than goodwill and indefinite-lived trademarks, we test for impairment when indicators of impairment arepresent. An asset is considered impaired when the undiscounted estimated net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset are less than its carryingamount. The impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the impaired asset.Litigation and ClaimsFrom time to time, the Company has been or may be a party to various legal actions and investigations including, among others, employment matters,compliance with government regulations, federal and state employment laws, including wage and hour laws, contractual disputes and other matters,including matters arising in the ordinary course of business. These claims may be brought by, among others, governments, customers, suppliers andemployees. Management considers the measurement of litigation reserves as a critical accounting estimate because of the significant uncertainty in somecases relating to the outcome of potential claims or litigation and the difficulty of predicting the likelihood and range of potential liability involved, coupledwith the material impact on our results of operations that could result from litigation or other claims.In determining legal reserves, management considers, among other inputs:•interpretation of contractual rights and obligations;•the status of government regulatory initiatives, interpretations and investigations;•the status of settlement negotiations;•prior experience with similar types of claims;•whether there is available insurance coverage; and•advice of outside counsel.For certain matters, management is able to estimate a range of losses. When a loss is probable, but no amount of loss within a range of outcomes is more likelythan other any other outcome, management will record a liability based on the low end of the estimated range. Additionally, management will evaluatewhether losses in excess of amounts accrued are reasonably possible, and will make disclosure of those matters based on an assessment of the materiality ofthose addition possible losses.Environmental Loss ContingenciesAccruals for environmental loss contingencies (i.e., environmental reserves) are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amountcan reasonably be estimated. Management views the measurement of environmental reserves as a critical accounting estimate because of the considerableuncertainty surrounding estimation, including the need to forecast well into the future. From time to time, we may be involved in legal proceedings underfederal, state and local, as well as international environmental laws in connection with our operations and companies that we have acquired. The estimationof environmental reserves is based on the evaluation of currently available information, prior experience in the remediation of contaminated sites andassumptions with respect to government regulations and enforcement activity, changes in remediation technology and practices, and financial obligationsand creditworthiness of other responsible parties and insurers.WarrantyWe record a warranty reserve for possible claims against our product warranties, which generally run for a period ranging from one to twenty years for ourreserve power batteries and for a period ranging from one to seven years for our motive power batteries. The assessment of the adequacy of the reserveincludes a review of open claims and historical experience.Management believes that the accounting estimate related to the warranty reserve is a critical accounting estimate because the underlying assumptions usedfor the reserve can change from time to time and warranty claims could potentially have a material impact on our results of operations.28Table of ContentsAllowance for Doubtful AccountsWe encounter risks associated with sales and the collection of the associated accounts receivable. We record a provision for accounts receivable that areconsidered to be uncollectible. In order to calculate the appropriate provision, management analyzes the creditworthiness of specific customers and the agingof customer balances. Management also considers general and specific industry economic conditions, industry concentration and contractual rights andobligations.Management believes that the accounting estimate related to the allowance for doubtful accounts is a critical accounting estimate because the underlyingassumptions used for the allowance can change from time to time and uncollectible accounts could potentially have a material impact on our results ofoperations.Retirement PlansWe use certain economic and demographic assumptions in the calculation of the actuarial valuation of liabilities associated with our defined benefit plans.These assumptions include the discount rate, expected long-term rates of return on assets and rates of increase in compensation levels. Changes in theseassumptions can result in changes to the pension expense and recorded liabilities. Management reviews these assumptions at least annually. We useindependent actuaries to assist us in formulating assumptions and making estimates. These assumptions are updated periodically to reflect the actualexperience and expectations on a plan-specific basis, as appropriate. For benefit plans which are funded, we establish strategic asset allocation percentage targets and appropriate benchmarks for significant asset classes with theaim of achieving a prudent balance between return and risk. We set the expected long-term rate of return based on the expected long-term average rates ofreturn to be achieved by the underlying investment portfolios. In establishing this rate, we consider historical and expected returns for the asset classes inwhich the plans are invested, advice from pension consultants and investment advisors, and current economic and capital market conditions. The expectedreturn on plan assets is incorporated into the computation of pension expense. The difference between this expected return and the actual return on planassets is deferred and will affect future net periodic pension costs through subsequent amortization.We believe that the current assumptions used to estimate plan obligations and annual expense are appropriate in the current economic environment.However, if economic conditions change materially, we may change our assumptions, and the resulting change could have a material impact on theConsolidated Statements of Income and on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.Equity-Based CompensationWe recognize compensation cost relating to equity-based payment transactions by using a fair-value measurement method whereby all equity-basedpayments to employees, including grants of restricted stock units, stock options and market condition-based awards are recognized as compensation expensebased on fair value at grant date over the requisite service period of the awards. We determine the fair value of restricted stock units based on the quotedmarket price of our common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, whichuses both historical and current market data to estimate the fair value. The fair value of market condition-based awards is estimated at the date of grant using abinomial lattice model or Monte Carlo Simulation. All models incorporate various assumptions such as the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility,expected dividend yield and expected life of the awards. When estimating the requisite service period of the awards, we consider many related factorsincluding types of awards, employee class, and historical experience. Actual results, and future changes in estimates of the requisite service period may differsubstantially from our current estimates.Income TaxesOur effective tax rate is based on pretax income and statutory tax rates available in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. We account for incometaxes in accordance with applicable guidance on accounting for income taxes, which requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be recognized usingenacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between book and tax bases on recorded assets and liabilities. Accounting guidance also requires thatdeferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance, when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.The recognition and measurement of a tax position is based on management’s best judgment given the facts, circumstances and information available at thereporting date. We evaluate tax positions to determine whether the benefits of tax positions are more likely than not of being sustained upon audit based onthe technical merits of the tax position. For tax positions that are more likely than not of being sustained upon audit, we recognize the largest amount of thebenefit that is greater than 50%29Table of Contentslikely of being realized upon ultimate settlement in the financial statements. For tax positions that are not more likely than not of being sustained upon audit,we do not recognize any portion of the benefit in the financial statements. If the more likely than not threshold is not met in the period for which a taxposition is taken, we may subsequently recognize the benefit of that tax position if the tax matter is effectively settled, the statute of limitations expires, or ifthe more likely than not threshold is met in a subsequent period.We evaluate, on a quarterly basis, our ability to realize deferred tax assets by assessing our valuation allowance and by adjusting the amount of suchallowance, if necessary. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization are our forecast of future taxable income and available tax planning strategiesthat could be implemented to realize the net deferred tax assets.To the extent we prevail in matters for which reserves have been established, or are required to pay amounts in excess of our reserves, our effective tax rate ina given financial statement period could be materially affected.Results of Operations—Fiscal 2018 Compared to Fiscal 2017The following table presents summary Consolidated Statement of Income data for fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, compared to fiscal year ended March 31,2017: Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2017 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions %Net sales $2,581.8 100.0% $2,367.1 100.0 % $214.7 9.1 %Cost of goods sold 1,921.5 74.5 1,714.4 72.4 207.1 12.1Inventory adjustment relating to exitactivities - See Note 19 3.4 0.1 2.1 0.1 1.3 60.3Gross profit 656.9 25.4 650.6 27.5 6.3 1.0Operating expenses 382.1 14.8 369.9 15.6 12.2 3.3Restructuring and other exit charges 5.5 0.2 7.1 0.3 (1.6) (23.5)Impairment of goodwill — — 12.2 0.5 (12.2) NMImpairment of indefinite-livedintangibles — — 1.8 0.1 (1.8) NMLegal proceedings charge — — 23.7 1.0 (23.7) NMOperating earnings 269.3 10.4 235.9 10.0 33.4 14.2Interest expense 25.0 1.0 22.2 1.0 2.8 12.6Other (income) expense, net 6.0 0.2 1.0 — 5.0 NMEarnings before income taxes 238.3 9.2 212.7 9.0 25.6 12.1Income tax expense 118.5 4.6 54.5 2.3 64.0 NMNet earnings 119.8 4.6 158.2 6.7 (38.4) (24.3)Net earnings (losses) attributable tononcontrolling interests 0.2 — (2.0) (0.1) 2.2 NMNet earnings attributable to EnerSysstockholders $119.6 4.6% $160.2 6.8 % $(40.6) (25.4)% NM = not meaningfulOverviewOur sales in fiscal 2018 were $2.6 billion, a 9% increase from prior year's sales. This increase was the result of a 4% increase in pricing, a 3% increase inorganic volume and a 2% increase in foreign currency translation impact.A discussion of specific fiscal 2018 versus fiscal 2017 operating results follows, including an analysis and discussion of the results of our reportablesegments.30Table of ContentsNet SalesSegment sales Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2017 Increase (Decrease) InMillions % NetSales InMillions % NetSales InMillions % Americas $1,429.8 55.4% $1,332.3 56.3% $97.5 7.3%EMEA 849.5 32.9 763.1 32.2 86.4 11.3Asia 302.5 11.7 271.7 11.5 30.8 11.3Total net sales $2,581.8 100.0% $2,367.1 100.0% $214.7 9.1%The Americas segment’s net sales increased by $97.5 million or 7.3% in fiscal 2018, as compared to fiscal 2017, primarily due to a 4% increase in organicvolume and a 3% increase in pricing.The EMEA segment’s net sales increased by $86.4 million or 11.3% in fiscal 2018, as compared to fiscal 2017, primarily due to a 7% increase in currencytranslation impact and a 5% increase in pricing, partially offset by a 1% decrease in organic volume.The Asia segment’s net sales increased by $30.8 million or 11.3% in fiscal 2018, as compared to fiscal 2017, primarily due to a 5% increase in organicvolume, a 4% increase in pricing and a 2% increase in currency translation impact.Product line sales Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2017 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions % Reserve power $1,247.9 48.3% $1,142.2 48.3% $105.7 9.2%Motive power 1,333.9 51.7 1,224.9 51.7 109.0 8.9Total net sales $2,581.8 100.0% $2,367.1 100.0% $214.7 9.1%Sales in our reserve power products increased in fiscal 2018 by $105.7 million or 9.2% compared to the prior year, primarily due to a 4% increase in pricing, a3% increase in organic volume and a 2% increase in currency translation impact.Sales in our motive power products increased in fiscal 2018 by $109.0 million or 8.9% compared to the prior year, primarily due to a 4% increase in pricing, a3% increase in currency translation impact and a 2% increase in organic volume.Gross Profit Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2017 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions % Gross profit $656.9 25.4% $650.6 27.5% $6.3 1.0%Gross profit increased $6.3 million or 1.0% in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017. Gross profit, as a percentage of net sales, decreased 210 basis points infiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017. The decrease in the gross profit margin is primarily due to an increase in commodity costs of approximately $125million, partially offset by increases in organic volume, cost savings and pricing.31Table of ContentsOperating Items Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2017 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions % Operating expenses $382.1 14.8% $369.9 15.6% $12.2 3.3 %Restructuring and other exit charges 5.5 0.2 7.1 0.3 (1.6) (23.5)Impairment of goodwill — — 12.2 0.5 (12.2) NMImpairment of indefinite-livedintangibles — — 1.8 0.1 (1.8) NMLegal proceedings charge — — 23.7 1.0 (23.7) NMNM = not meaningfulOperating ExpensesOperating expenses increased $12.2 million or 3.3% in fiscal 2018 from fiscal 2017 but decreased as a percentage of net sales by 80 basis points. The impactof foreign currency translation resulted in an increase of $6.1 million. Excluding this impact of the foreign currency translation, the increase in dollars wasprimarily due to our investment relating to the development of our digital core and new products, which were partially offset by our cost saving initiatives.The operating expenses in fiscal 2017 included a receipt of $1.9 million of deferred purchase consideration relating to an acquisition made in fiscal 2014. Infiscal 2017, we also recorded a charge of $9.4 million in operating expenses, related to the ERP system implementation in our Americas region, including a$6.3 million write-off of previously capitalized costs during the first quarter of fiscal 2017.Selling expenses, our main component of operating expenses, were 51.5% in fiscal 2018, compared to 53.9% in fiscal 2017.Restructuring and other exit chargesIncluded in our fiscal 2018 operating results is a $5.5 million charge of restructuring and other exit charges, comprising $1.3 million in Americas, $4.0million in EMEA and $0.2 million in Asia. The charges in the Americas primarily relate to improving efficiencies of our general operations, while charges inEMEA relate to restructuring programs to improve efficiencies in our manufacturing, supply chain and general operations. In addition, cost of goods sold alsoinclude a $3.4 million of inventory write-off relating to the closing of our Cleveland, Ohio charger manufacturing facility.Included in our fiscal 2017 operating results is a $7.1 million charge consisting of restructuring and other exit charges, comprising primarily of $5.5 millionin EMEA, $0.9 million in Americas and $0.7 million in Asia. Of the restructuring and other exit charges in EMEA of $5.5 million, $4.3 million ofrestructuring charges related primarily to European manufacturing operations and $1.2 million of other exit charges related to our joint venture in SouthAfrica. In addition, cost of goods sold also includes a $2.1 million inventory adjustment charge relating to the South Africa joint venture, discussed below.Fiscal 2017 - South Africa exit activitiesDuring fiscal 2017, the Company recorded exit charges of $3.3 million related to the South Africa joint venture, consisting of cash charges of $2.6 millionprimarily relating to severance and non-cash charges of $0.7 million. Included in the non-cash charges is a $2.1 million charge relating to the inventoryadjustment which was reported in cost of goods sold, partially offset by a credit of $1.1 million relating to a change in estimate of contract losses and a $0.3million gain on deconsolidation of the joint venture. Weakening of the general economic environment in South Africa, reflecting the limited growth in themining industry, affected the joint venture’s ability to compete effectively in the marketplace and consequently, the Company initiated an exit plan inconsultation with its joint venture partner in the second quarter of fiscal 2017. The joint venture is currently under liquidation resulting in a loss of controland deconsolidation of the joint venture. The impact of the deconsolidation has been reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income.Fiscal 2017 - Impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangiblesIn the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, we conducted step one of the annual goodwill impairment test which indicated that the fair values of two of our reportingunits - Purcell US in the Americas and Purcell EMEA in EMEA operating segment, were less32Table of Contentsthan their respective carrying values. Based on the guidance in ASU 2017-04, which we early adopted, we recognized an impairment charge for the amountby which the carrying amount exceeded the reporting unit’s fair value.We recorded a non-cash charge of $8.6 million and $3.6 million, related to goodwill impairment in the Americas and EMEA operating segments,respectively, and $0.7 million and $1.1 million, related to impairment of indefinite-lived trademarks in the Americas and EMEA operating segments,respectively, in the Consolidated Statements of Income.Purcell was acquired in fiscal 2014 during the height of the 4G telecom build-out. After performing to expectations for the first few quarters, its revenuedeclined as telecom spending in the U.S. curtailed sharply. In fiscal 2016, lower estimated projected revenue and profitability in the near term caused byreduced levels of capital spending by major customers in the telecommunications industry was a key factor contributing to the impairment charges recordedin that year. In fiscal 2017, we transferred the European operations of Purcell to its EMEA operating segment, consistent with our geographical managementapproach. In the U.S., Purcell received significant orders, but at lower margins, resulting in an impairment in 2017. In Europe, Purcell's sales forecasts werereduced as a result of low telecom spending and accordingly recorded an impairment charge as well.Fiscal 2017 - Legal proceedings chargeCertain of our European subsidiaries had received subpoenas and requests for documents and, in some cases, interviews from, and have had on-siteinspections conducted by the competition authorities of Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands relating to conduct and anticompetitive practices of certainindustrial battery participants. We settled the Belgian regulatory proceeding in February 2016 by acknowledging certain anticompetitive practices andconduct and agreeing to pay a fine of $2.0 million, which was paid in March 2016.As of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, the Company had a reserve balance of $2.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively, relating to certain ancillarymatters associated with the Belgian regulatory proceeding. The change in the reserve balance between March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017 was due toforeign currency translation impact.As of January 1, 2017, we had estimated an aggregate range of possible loss associated with the German regulatory proceeding of $17.0 million to $26.0million and reserved $17.0 million. Based on the continued evolution of facts and our interactions with the German competition authority in regard to thismatter, we further refined our estimate for a portion of this proceeding to be $13.5 million as of March 31, 2017. The Company settled a portion of theproceeding relating to conduct involving the Company's motive power battery business and agreed to pay a fine of $14.8 million, which was paid in July2017. Also in June 2017, the German competition authority issued a fining decision related to the Company's reserve power battery business, whichconstitutes the remaining portion of the previously disclosed German proceeding. The Company is appealing this decision, including payment of theproposed fine of $12.3 million, and believes that the reserve power matter does not, based on current facts and circumstances known to management, requirean accrual. The Company is not required to escrow any portion of this fine during the appeal process. As of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, theCompany had a reserve balance of $0 and $13.5 million, respectively, relating to this matter.For the Dutch regulatory proceeding, we reserved $10.2 million as of March 31, 2017. In July 2017, the Company settled the Dutch regulatory proceedingand agreed to pay a fine of $11.2 million, which was paid in August 2017. As of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, the Company had a reserve balance of$0 and $10.2 million, respectively, relating to the Dutch regulatory proceeding.As of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, we had a total reserve balance of $2.3 million and $25.6 million, respectively, in connection with these remaininginvestigations and other related legal matters, included in Accrued Expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The foregoing estimate of losses is basedupon currently available information for these proceedings. However, the precise scope, timing and time period at issue, as well as the final outcome of theinvestigations or customer claims, remain uncertain. Accordingly, the Company’s estimate may change from time to time, and actual losses could vary.33Table of ContentsOperating EarningsOperating earnings by segment were as follows: Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2017 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales(1) InMillions As %Net Sales(1) InMillions % Americas $189.0 13.2 % $191.5 14.4 % $(2.5) (1.3)%EMEA 76.6 9.0 76.2 10.0 0.4 0.3Asia 12.6 4.2 15.1 5.5 (2.5) (15.7)Subtotal 278.2 10.8 282.8 12.0 (4.6) (1.6)Inventory adjustment relating to exit activities- Americas (3.4) (0.2) — — (3.4) NMRestructuring charges - Americas (1.3) (0.1) (0.9) (0.1) (0.4) 39.7Inventory adjustment relating to exit activities- EMEA — — (2.1) (0.3) 2.1 NMRestructuring and other exit charges - EMEA (4.0) (0.5) (5.5) (0.7) 1.5 (26.7)Restructuring charges - Asia (0.2) (0.1) (0.7) (0.3) 0.5 (72.9)Impairment of goodwill and indefinite-livedintangibles - Americas — — (9.3) (0.7) 9.3 NMImpairment of goodwill and indefinite-livedintangibles - EMEA — — (4.7) (0.6) 4.7 NMLegal proceedings charge - EMEA — — (23.7) (3.1) 23.7 NMTotal operating earnings $269.3 10.4 % $235.9 10.0 % $33.4 14.2 % NM = not meaningful(1)The percentages shown for the segments are computed as a percentage of the applicable segment’s net sales.Operating earnings increased $33.4 million or 14.2% in fiscal 2018, compared to fiscal 2017. Operating earnings, as a percentage of net sales, increased 40basis points in fiscal 2018, compared to fiscal 2017. Excluding the impact of highlighted items, operating earnings in fiscal 2018 decreased 120 basis pointsprimarily due to an increase in lead cost partially offset by price recoveries and cost saving initiatives.The Americas segment’s operating earnings, excluding the highlighted items discussed above, decreased $2.5 million or 1.3% in fiscal 2018 compared tofiscal 2017, with the operating margin decreasing 120 basis points to 13.2%. This decrease is primarily due to higher commodity costs partially offset byprice recoveries and cost saving initiatives. Excluding the impact of the $6.3 million write-off of previously capitalized costs relating to the ERP systemimplementation during fiscal 2017, operating earnings of fiscal 2018 decreased by 170 basis points compared to the prior year period.The EMEA segment’s operating earnings, excluding the highlighted items discussed above, increased $0.4 million or 0.3% in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal2017, with the operating margin decreasing 100 basis points to 9.0%. This decrease is primarily due to an increase in lead cost, partially offset by pricerecoveries and cost saving initiatives.Operating earnings in Asia, excluding the highlighted items discussed above, decreased $2.5 million or 15.7% in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017, withthe operating margin decreasing by 130 basis points to 4.2%. This decrease is primarily due to higher commodity costs, partially offset by price recoveries,currency headwinds and a slowdown in telecom spending during the first half of fiscal 2018 in the PRC.Interest Expense Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2017 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions % Interest expense $25.0 1.0% $22.2 1.0% $2.8 12.6%34Table of ContentsInterest expense of $25.0 million in fiscal 2018 (net of interest income of $3.0 million) was $2.8 million higher than the $22.2 million in fiscal 2017 (net ofinterest income of $2.1 million).Our average debt outstanding was $672.8 million in fiscal 2018, compared to our average debt outstanding of $625.4 million in fiscal 2017. Our averagecash interest rate incurred in fiscal 2018 was 3.7% compared to 3.3% in fiscal 2017. The increase in our average debt was primarily to fund treasury sharerepurchase activity.Included in interest expense were non-cash charges related to amortization of deferred financing fees of $1.6 million in fiscal 2018 and $1.4 million in fiscal2017.Other (Income) Expense, Net Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2017 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions % Other (income) expense, net $6.0 0.2% $1.0 —% $5.0 NMNM = not meaningfulOther (income) expense, net was expense of $6.0 million in fiscal 2018 compared to expense of $1.0 million in fiscal 2017 primarily due to foreign currencylosses of $5.5 million in fiscal 2018 compared to foreign currency gains of $0.6 million in fiscal 2017.Earnings Before Income Taxes Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2017 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions % Earnings before income taxes $238.3 9.2% $212.7 9.0% $25.6 12.1%As a result of the factors discussed above, fiscal 2018 earnings before income taxes were $238.3 million, an increase of $25.6 million or 12.1% compared tofiscal 2017.Income Tax Expense Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2017 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions % Income tax expense $118.5 4.6% $54.5 2.3% $64.0 NMEffective tax rate 49.7% 25.6% 24.1% NM = not meaningfulOur effective income tax rate with respect to any period may be volatile based on the mix of income in the tax jurisdictions in which we operate and theamount of our consolidated income before taxes. On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”) was enacted into law. Among the significant changes resulting from the law, the Tax Actreduces the U.S. federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on unrepatriatedcumulative non-U.S. earnings of foreign subsidiaries (“Transition Tax”), and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. In accordance with ASC740, “Income Taxes”, we are required to record the effects of tax law changes in the period enacted. As a result of the rate change in the Tax Act, our blendedU.S. statutory tax rate for fiscal 2018 is 31.55%.As of March 31, 2018, we have not completed our accounting for the tax effects of enactment of the Tax Act; however, in certain cases, as described below,we have made a reasonable estimate of the effects on our existing deferred tax balances and the Transition Tax. Our results for fiscal 2018 contain estimates ofthe impact of the Tax Act as permitted by Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 “SAB 118” issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 22,2017. These amounts are considered provisional and may be affected by future guidance if and when issued.35Table of ContentsAs a result of the Tax Act, fiscal 2018 financial statements include a provisional net tax expense of $83.4 million which is comprised of the following:Foreign tax effects: The Transition Tax is based on our total post-1986 earnings and profits (“E&P”) that we previously deferred from U.S. income taxes. Werecorded a provisional amount for our Transition Tax liability, resulting in an increase in income tax expense of $97.5 million; an increase of $3.5 millionfrom the amount reported in the third quarter of fiscal 2018. The estimated Transition Tax of $97.5 million is recorded under current income tax payable andnon-current income tax payable, at $7.8 million and $89.7 million, respectively, and is payable over eight years. Further, the Transition Tax is based in parton the amount of those earnings held in cash and other specified assets. This amount may change when we finalize both the calculation of post-1986 foreignE&P previously deferred from U.S. federal taxation and the amounts held in cash or other specified assets. No additional income taxes have been provided forany remaining undistributed foreign earnings not subject to the Transition Tax, or any additional outside basis difference inherent in these entities, as theseamounts continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations.Deferred tax assets and liabilities: We remeasured our deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the reduced U.S. federal income tax rate of 21%. However,we are still analyzing certain aspects of the Tax Act and refining our calculations, which could potentially affect the measurement of these balances or giverise to new deferred tax amounts. The provisional amount recorded related to the remeasurement of our deferred tax balance was a tax benefit of $14.1million; a decrease of $0.6 million from the amount reported in the third quarter of fiscal 2018.In all cases, we may adjust these provisional amounts which could potentially affect the measurement and impact on tax expense as we refine our calculationswithin a reasonable period not to exceed one year from the enactment date.The Company’s income tax provision consists of federal, state and foreign income taxes. The effective income tax rate was 49.7% in fiscal 2018 compared tothe fiscal 2017 effective income tax rate of 25.6%. The rate increase in fiscal 2018 as compared to fiscal 2017 is primarily due to the impact of the Tax Act infiscal 2018, partially offset by a decrease due to the reversal of previously recognized deferred tax valuation allowances related to certain of the Company’sforeign subsidiaries in fiscal 2018, decreases due to non-deductible goodwill impairment charges and non-deductible legal proceedings charge relating to theEuropean competition investigation in fiscal 2017, and a decrease due to changes in the mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions. The valuation allowancesreleased are primarily the result of an operational restructuring approved during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018.The fiscal 2018 foreign effective income tax rate on foreign pre-tax income of $163.9 million was 5.2% compared to foreign pre-tax income of $132.3million and effective income tax rate of 13.5% in fiscal 2017. For both fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, the difference in the foreign effective tax rate versus theU.S. statutory rate of 31.55% and 35%, respectively, is primarily attributable to lower tax rates in the foreign countries in which we operate. The rate decreasein fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017 is primarily due to the reversal of previously recognized deferred tax valuation allowances related to certain of theCompany’s foreign subsidiaries in fiscal 2018, decreases due to non-deductible goodwill impairment charges and non-deductible legal proceedings chargerelated to the European competition investigation in fiscal 2017, and changes in the mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions.Income from our Swiss subsidiary comprised a substantial portion of our overall foreign mix of income for both fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017 and is taxed at aneffective income tax rate of approximately 8% and 5%, respectively.36Table of ContentsResults of Operations—Fiscal 2017 Compared to Fiscal 2016The following table presents summary Consolidated Statement of Income data for fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, compared to fiscal year ended March 31,2016: Fiscal 2017 Fiscal 2016 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions %Net sales $2,367.1 100.0 % $2,316.2 100.0 % $50.9 2.2 %Cost of goods sold 1,714.4 72.4 1,704.5 73.6 9.9 0.6Inventory adjustment relating to exitactivities - See Note 19 2.1 0.1 — — 2.1 NMGross profit 650.6 27.5 611.7 26.4 38.9 6.4Operating expenses 369.9 15.6 352.7 15.2 17.2 4.8Restructuring and other exit charges 7.1 0.3 12.9 0.5 (5.8) (44.8)Impairment of goodwill 12.2 0.5 31.5 1.4 (19.3) (61.1)Impairment of indefinite-livedintangibles and fixed assets 1.8 0.1 4.8 0.2 (3.0) (62.8)Legal proceedings charge 23.7 1.0 3.2 0.1 20.5 NMGain on sale of facility — — (3.4) (0.1) 3.4 NMOperating earnings 235.9 10.0 210.0 9.1 25.9 12.3Interest expense 22.2 1.0 22.3 1.0 (0.1) (0.7)Other (income) expense, net 1.0 — 5.7 0.2 (4.7) (83.1)Earnings before income taxes 212.7 9.0 182.0 7.9 30.7 16.9Income tax expense 54.5 2.3 50.1 2.2 4.4 8.7Net earnings 158.2 6.7 131.9 5.7 26.3 20.0Net losses attributable to noncontrollinginterests (2.0) (0.1) (4.3) (0.2) 2.3 (54.0)Net earnings attributable to EnerSysstockholders $160.2 6.8 % $136.2 5.9 % $24.0 17.7 %NM = not meaningfulOverviewOur sales in fiscal 2017 were $2.4 billion, a 2% increase from prior year's sales. This increase was the result of a 2% increase in organic volume and a 1%increase each from pricing and acquisitions, partially offset by a 2% decrease due to foreign currency translation impact.Gross profit margin percentage in fiscal 2017 increased by 110 basis points to 27.5% compared to fiscal 2016, mainly due to favorable product mixcombined with the benefits of restructuring programs in EMEA, along with a modest growth in organic volume and a decrease in warranty costs.A discussion of specific fiscal 2017 versus fiscal 2016 operating results follows, including an analysis and discussion of the results of our reportablesegments.37Table of ContentsNet SalesNet sales by reportable segment were as follows: Fiscal 2017 Fiscal 2016 Increase (Decrease) InMillions % NetSales InMillions % NetSales InMillions % Americas $1,332.3 56.3% $1,276.0 55.1% $56.3 4.4 %EMEA 763.1 32.2 787.4 34.0 (24.3) (3.1)Asia 271.7 11.5 252.8 10.9 18.9 7.5Total net sales $2,367.1 100.0% $2,316.2 100.0% $50.9 2.2 %The Americas segment’s revenue increased by $56.3 million or 4.4% in fiscal 2017, compared to fiscal 2016, primarily due a 4% increase in organic volumeand a 1% increase in acquisitions, partially offset by a 1% decrease in currency translation impact.The EMEA segment’s revenue decreased by $24.3 million or 3.1% in fiscal 2017, compared to fiscal 2016, primarily due to a 4% decrease in currencytranslation impact, partially offset by a 1% increase in organic volume.The Asia segment’s revenue increased by $18.9 million or 7.5% in fiscal 2017, compared to fiscal 2016, primarily due to an increase from acquisitions,pricing and organic volume of approximately 6%, 2% and 2%, respectively, partially offset by a 2% decrease in currency translation impact.Net sales by product line were as follows: Fiscal 2017 Fiscal 2016 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions % Reserve power $1,142.2 48.3% $1,109.2 47.9% $33.0 3.0%Motive power 1,224.9 51.7 1,207.0 52.1 17.9 1.5Total net sales $2,367.1 100.0% $2,316.2 100.0% $50.9 2.2%Sales in our reserve power product line increased in fiscal 2017 by $33.0 million or 3% compared to the prior year, primarily due to an increase fromacquisitions and organic volume of approximately 3% and 2%, respectively, partially offset by a 2% decrease in currency translation impact.Sales in our motive power product line increased in fiscal 2017 by $17.9 million or 1.5% compared to the prior year, primarily due to an increase fromorganic volume and pricing of approximately 2% and 1%, respectively, partially offset by a 2% decrease in currency translation impact.Gross Profit Fiscal 2017 Fiscal 2016 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions % Gross profit $650.6 27.5% $611.7 26.4% $38.9 6.4%Gross profit increased $38.9 million or 6.4% in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016. Gross profit, excluding the effect of foreign currency translation,increased $45.4 million or 7.4% in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016. The 110 basis point improvement in the gross profit margin is primarily due tofavorable product mix combined with the benefits of restructuring programs in EMEA, along with a modest growth in organic volume and a decrease inwarranty costs.38Table of ContentsOperating Items Fiscal 2017 Fiscal 2016 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions % Operating expenses $369.9 15.6% $352.7 15.2 % $17.2 4.8 %Restructuring and other exit charges 7.1 0.3 12.9 0.5 (5.8) (44.8)Impairment of goodwill 12.2 0.5 31.5 1.4 (19.3) (61.1)Impairment of indefinite-livedintangibles and fixed assets 1.8 0.1 4.8 0.2 (3.0) (62.8)Legal proceedings charge 23.7 1.0 3.2 0.1 20.5 NMGain on sale of facility — — (3.4) (0.1) 3.4 NMNM = not meaningfulOperating ExpensesOperating expenses increased $17.2 million or 4.8% in fiscal 2017 from fiscal 2016. Operating expenses, excluding the effect of foreign currency translation,increased $22.2 million or 6.4% in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016. The operating expenses in fiscal 2017 included a receipt of $1.9 million of deferredpurchase consideration relating to an acquisition made in fiscal 2014. The increase in operating expenses as a percentage of sales of 40 basis points in fiscal2017 was primarily due to payroll related expenses, acquisitions and professional fees, partially offset by the aforementioned receipt of deferred purchaseconsideration. In fiscal 2017, we also recorded a charge of $9.4 million in operating expenses, related to the ERP system implementation in our Americasregion, including a $6.3 million write-off of previously capitalized costs during the first quarter of fiscal 2017. We determined that previously capitalizedcosts associated with the implementation should be written off, after reassessing our software design subsequent to encountering difficulty in the roll out atour pilot location. These costs were previously included in the construction in progress balance within property, plant and equipment, net, in theConsolidated Balance Sheet.Restructuring and other exit chargesIncluded in our fiscal 2017 operating results is a $7.1 million charge consisting of restructuring and other exit charges, comprised of $5.5 million in EMEA,$0.9 million in Americas and $0.7 million in Asia. Of the restructuring and exit charges in EMEA of $5.5 million, $4.3 million of restructuring chargesrelated primarily to European manufacturing operations and $1.2 million of exit charges related to our joint venture in South Africa. In addition, cost ofgoods sold also included a $2.1 million inventory adjustment charge relating to the South Africa joint venture.South Africa exit activitiesDuring fiscal 2017, the Company recorded exit charges of $3.3 million related to the South Africa joint venture, consisting of cash charges of $2.6 millionprimarily relating to severance and non-cash charges of $0.7 million. Included in the non-cash charges was a $2.1 million charge relating to the inventoryadjustment which was reported in cost of goods sold, partially offset by a credit of $1.1 million relating to a change in estimate of contract losses and a $0.3million gain on deconsolidation of the joint venture. See the discussion under Results of Operations—Fiscal 2018 Compared to Fiscal 2017 - Fiscal 2017 -South Africa exit activities for more details.Included in fiscal 2016 operating results were restructuring and other exit charges in EMEA of $9.4 million and restructuring charges of $2.1 million and$1.4 million in Americas and Asia, respectively.Impairment of goodwill, indefinite-lived intangibles and fixed assetsIn the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, we conducted step one of the annual goodwill impairment test which indicated that the fair values of two of our reportingunits - Purcell US in the Americas and Purcell EMEA in EMEA operating segment, were less than their respective carrying values. Based on the guidance inASU 2017-04, which we early adopted, we recognized an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeded the reporting unit’s fairvalue.39Table of ContentsWe recorded a non-cash charge of $8.6 million and $3.6 million, related to goodwill impairment in the Americas and EMEA operating segments,respectively, and $0.7 million and $1.1 million, related to impairment of indefinite-lived trademarks in the Americas and EMEA operating segments,respectively, in the Consolidated Statements of Income.See the discussion under Results of Operations—Fiscal 2018 Compared to Fiscal 2017 - Fiscal 2017 - Impairment of goodwill and indefinite-livedintangibles for more details.Legal proceedings charge / (reversal of legal accrual, net of fees)Certain of our European subsidiaries have received subpoenas and requests for documents and, in some cases, interviews from, and have had on-siteinspections conducted by the competition authorities of Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands relating to conduct and anticompetitive practices of certainindustrial battery participants. We settled the Belgian regulatory proceeding in February 2016 by acknowledging certain anticompetitive practices andconduct and agreeing to pay a fine of $2.0 million, which was paid in March 2016. As of March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, we had a reserve balance of$1.8 million and $2.0 million, respectively, relating to certain ancillary matters associated with the Belgian regulatory proceeding. The change in the reservebalance between March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016 was solely due to foreign currency translation impact.As of January 1, 2017, we had estimated an aggregate initial range of possible loss associated with the German regulatory proceeding of $17.0 million to$26.0 million and reserved $17.0 million with respect to the German regulatory proceeding. Based on the continued evolution of facts and our interactionswith the German competition authority in regard to this matter, we further refined our estimate for a portion of this proceeding to be $13.5 million as ofMarch 31, 2017.For the Dutch regulatory proceeding, we reserved $10.2 million as of March 31, 2017.See the discussion under Results of Operations—Fiscal 2018 Compared to Fiscal 2017 - Fiscal 2017 - Legal Proceedings Charge for more details on thisEuropean matter.Included in our fiscal 2016 results was the reversal of a $0.8 million legal accrual in Americas, relating to legal fees, subsequent to the final settlement of theAltergy matter.40Table of ContentsOperating EarningsOperating earnings by segment were as follows: Fiscal 2017 Fiscal 2016 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales(1) InMillions As %Net Sales(1) InMillions % Americas $191.5 14.4 % $182.7 14.3 % $8.8 4.8 %EMEA 76.2 10.0 75.6 9.6 0.6 1.0Asia 15.1 5.5 0.7 0.2 14.4 NMSubtotal 282.8 12.0 259.0 11.2 23.8 9.2Restructuring charges - Americas (0.9) (0.1) (2.1) (0.2) 1.2 (56.7)Inventory adjustment relating to exitactivities - EMEA (2.1) (0.3) — — (2.1) NMRestructuring and other exit charges -EMEA (5.5) (0.7) (9.4) (1.2) 3.9 (42.2)Restructuring charges - Asia (0.7) (0.3) (1.4) (0.6) 0.7 (45.0)Impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles - Americas (9.3) (0.7) (33.0) (2.6) 23.7 (71.7)Impairment of goodwill, indefinite-livedintangibles and fixed assets - EMEA (4.7) (0.6) (3.3) (0.4) (1.4) 43.6Reversal of legal accrual, net of fees -Americas — — 0.8 0.1 (0.8) NMLegal proceedings charge - EMEA (23.7) (3.1) (4.0) (0.5) (19.7) NMGain on sale of facility - Asia — — 3.4 1.4 (3.4) NMTotal operating earnings $235.9 10.0 % $210.0 9.1 % $25.9 12.3 %NM = not meaningful(1)The percentages shown for the segments are computed as a percentage of the applicable segment’s net sales.Fiscal 2017 operating earnings of $235.9 million were $25.9 million higher than in fiscal 2016 and were 10.0% of sales. The 90 basis point improvement inoperating margin was primarily attributable to improved mix, better manufacturing capacity utilization from higher organic volume, benefits from costsaving initiatives and lower warranty costs. Commodity costs remained relatively flat compared to the prior year but were on the rise as we exited the fiscalyear. The lower restructuring and exit charges and impairment charges in fiscal 2017 were largely offset by the legal proceedings charge in EMEA. Alsoincluded in the operating earnings of fiscal 2016 was the $3.4 million gain on sale of our plant in Chaozhou, PRC, recorded in fiscal 2016.The Americas segment’s operating earnings, excluding the highlighted items discussed above, increased $8.8 million or 4.8% in fiscal 2017 compared tofiscal 2016, with the operating margin increasing 10 basis points to 14.4%. This relatively flat operating margin in our Americas segment was primarily dueto higher organic volume, improved product mix in both product lines, combined with lower manufacturing costs, negatively offset by the write-off duringthe first quarter fiscal 2017 of previously capitalized costs of $6.3 million related to the new ERP system.The EMEA segment’s operating earnings, excluding the highlighted items discussed above, increased $0.6 million or 1.0% in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal2016, with the operating margin increasing 40 basis points to10.0%. This increase was primarily on account of improved product mix, manufacturingefficiencies and lower warranty costs combined with benefits from cost reduction programs, partially offset by currency headwinds and weak reserve powertelecom market demand.Operating earnings in Asia, excluding the highlighted items discussed above, increased $14.4 million in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016, with theoperating margin increasing by 530 basis points to 5.5% was primarily due to improved product mix and results from our India operations. Our PRCoperations improved as the transition from our Jiangsu to Yangzhou facilities was completed.41Table of ContentsInterest Expense Fiscal 2017 Fiscal 2016 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions % Interest expense $22.2 1.0% $22.3 1.0% $(0.1) (0.7)%Interest expense of $22.2 million in fiscal 2017 (net of interest income of $2.1 million) was $0.1 million lower than the $22.3 million in fiscal 2016 (net ofinterest income of $1.9 million).Our average debt outstanding was $625.4 million in fiscal 2017, compared to our average debt outstanding (including the average amount of the ConvertibleNotes discount of $0.2 million) of $626.8 million in fiscal 2016. Our average cash interest rate incurred in fiscal 2017 was 3.3% compared to 3.1% in fiscal2016.Included in interest expense were non-cash charges related to amortization of deferred financing fees of $1.4 million in fiscal 2017 and $1.5 million in fiscal2016. Also included in interest expense of fiscal 2016 was non-cash, accreted interest on the Convertible Notes of $1.3 million.Other (Income) Expense, Net Fiscal 2017 Fiscal 2016 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions % Other (income) expense, net $1.0 —% $5.7 0.2% $(4.7) (83.1)%Other (income) expense, net was expense of $1.0 million in fiscal 2017 compared to expense of $5.7 million in fiscal 2016 primarily due to foreign currencygains of $0.6 million in fiscal 2017 compared to foreign currency losses of $5.4 million in fiscal 2016, partially offset by miscellaneous income of $1.2million in fiscal 2016.Earnings Before Income Taxes Fiscal 2017 Fiscal 2016 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions % Earnings before income taxes $212.7 9.0% $182.0 7.9% $30.7 16.9%As a result of the factors discussed above, fiscal 2017 earnings before income taxes were 212.7 million, an increase of $30.7 million or 16.9% compared tofiscal 2016.Income Tax Expense Fiscal 2017 Fiscal 2016 Increase (Decrease) InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions As %Net Sales InMillions % Income tax expense $54.5 2.3% $50.1 2.2% $4.4 8.7%Effective tax rate 25.6% 27.5% (1.9)% Our effective income tax rate with respect to any period may be volatile based on the mix of income in the tax jurisdictions in which we operate and theamount of our consolidated income before taxes. The Company’s income tax provision consists of federal, state and foreign income taxes. The effective income tax rate was 25.6% in fiscal 2017 compared tothe fiscal 2016 effective income tax rate of 27.5%. The rate decrease in fiscal 2017 as compared to fiscal 2016 was primarily due to changes in the mix ofearnings among tax jurisdictions and a decrease in non-deductible goodwill impairment charges as compared to fiscal 2016, partially offset by an increase innon-deductible legal proceedings charge relating to the European competition investigation in fiscal 2017 as compared to fiscal 2016.42Table of ContentsThe fiscal 2017 foreign effective income tax rate on foreign pre-tax income of $132.3 million was 13.5% compared to foreign pre-tax income of $117.7million and effective income tax rate of 16.9% in fiscal 2016. For both fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 the difference in the foreign effective tax rate versus theU.S. statutory rate of 35% was primarily attributable to lower tax rates in the foreign countries in which we operate. The rate decrease in fiscal 2017 comparedto fiscal 2016 was primarily due to changes in the mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions and a decrease in non-deductible goodwill impairment chargescompared to fiscal 2016, partially offset by an increase in non-deductible legal proceedings charge relating to the European competition investigation infiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016.Income from our Swiss subsidiary comprised a substantial portion of our overall foreign mix of income for both fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 and was taxed atan effective income tax rate of approximately 5% and 7%, respectively.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesCash Flow and Financing ActivitiesCash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, were $522.1 million, $500.3 million and $397.3 million, respectively.Cash provided by operating activities for fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, was $211.0 million, $246.0 million and $307.6 million, respectively.During fiscal 2018, cash provided by operating activities was primarily from net earnings of $119.8 million, depreciation and amortization of $54.3 million,stock-based compensation of $19.5 million, non-cash charges relating to write-off of assets of $3.7 million, non-cash interest of $1.6 million and provisionfor doubtful accounts of $0.8 million, partially offset by deferred tax benefit of $20.3 million. Cash provided by earnings as adjusted for non-cash items wasimproved by an increase of $94.0 million in long term liabilities primarily due to the Transition Tax liability and was partially offset by the increase inprimary working capital of $49.0 million, net of currency translation changes, and a decrease in accrued expenses of $26.6 million, comprising primarily oflegal proceedings related payments, payroll related expenses and income taxes. Prepaid and other current assets, comprising of prepaid taxes, also providedan increase of $14.5 million to operating cash.During fiscal 2017, cash provided by operating activities was primarily from net earnings of $158.2 million, depreciation and amortization of $53.9 million,non-cash charges relating to write-off of goodwill and other assets of $20.3 million, stock-based compensation of $19.2 million, provision of doubtfulaccounts of $1.8 million, restructuring and other exit charges of $1.4 million, and non-cash interest of $1.4 million. Cash provided by operating activitieswere partially offset by the increase in primary working capital of $55.5 million, net of currency translation changes. Cash provided by operating activitieswere positively impacted by legal proceedings accrual of $23.7 million and accrued expenses of $9.3 million, comprising primarily of income and othertaxes.During fiscal 2016, cash from operating activities was provided primarily from net earnings of $131.8 million, depreciation and amortization of $56.0million, non-cash charges relating to write-off of goodwill and other assets of $36.3 million, stock-based compensation of $19.6 million, provision ofdoubtful accounts of $4.7 million, restructuring of $3.8 million and non-cash interest of $2.8 million and were partially offset by a gain of $4.3 million onsale of our facility in the PRC. Also contributing to our cash provided from operating activities was the decrease in primary working capital of $55.0 million,net of currency translation changes.As explained in the discussion of our use of “non-GAAP financial measures,” we monitor the level and percentage of primary working capital to sales.Primary working capital for this purpose is trade accounts receivable, plus inventories, minus trade accounts payable and the resulting net amount is dividedby the trailing three-month net sales (annualized) to derive a primary working capital percentage. Primary working capital was $701.6 million (yielding aprimary working capital percentage of 25.7%) at March 31, 2018 and 624.8 million (yielding a primary working capital percentage of 24.9%) at March 31,2017. The primary working capital percentage of 25.7% at March 31, 2018 is 80 basis points higher than that for March 31, 2017, and 140 basis pointshigher than that for March 31, 2016. Primary working capital percentage increased during fiscal 2018 largely due to higher inventory levels. The reason forthe increase in inventory is partially due to rising lead costs and a longer supply chain on selective products.43Table of ContentsPrimary Working Capital and Primary Working Capital percentages at March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are computed as follows:At March 31, TradeReceivables Inventory AccountsPayable PrimaryWorkingCapital QuarterRevenueAnnualized PrimaryWorkingCapital(%) (in millions) 2018 $546.3 $414.2 $(258.9) $701.6 $2,732.2 25.7%2017 486.6 360.7 (222.5) 624.8 2,507.2 24.92016 490.8 331.0 (228.4) 593.4 2,445.9 24.3Cash used in investing activities for fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $72.4 million, $61.8 million and $80.9 million, respectively. Capital expenditures were$69.8 million, $50.1 million and $55.9 million in fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. During fiscal 2018, capital spending focused primarily oncontinuous improvement to our equipment and facilities world-wide and the continuation of a new ERP system implementation for our Americas.During fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, we had minor acquisitions resulting in a cash outflow of $3.0 million, $12.4 million and $35.4 million, respectively.During fiscal 2018, financing activities used cash of $166.9 million. In fiscal 2018, we entered into a new 2017 Credit Facility and borrowed $379.8 millionunder the 2017 Revolver and $150.0 million under the 2017 Term loan. Repayments on the 2017 Revolver during fiscal 2018 were $244.3 million.Borrowings and repayments on the 2011 Revolver during fiscal 2018 were $147.1 million and $312.1 million, respectively, and repayment of the 2011 Termloan was $127.5 million. On August 4, 2017, the outstanding balance on the 2011 Revolver and the 2011 Term Loan of $240.0 million and $123.0 million,respectively, was repaid utilizing the proceeds from the 2017 Credit Facility. We also paid $100.0 million under the ASR agreement, which was settled onJanuary 9, 2018. Treasury stock open market purchases were $21.2 million, payment of cash dividends to our stockholders were $29.7 million, payment oftaxes related to net share settlement of equity awards were $7.5 million and debt issuance costs were $2.7 million. Net borrowings on short-term debt were$0.2 million and proceeds from stock options were $1.0 million.During fiscal 2017, financing activities used cash of $62.5 million primarily due to 2011 Revolver borrowings of $262.0 million and repayments of $267.0million, repayment of our 2011 Term Loan of $15.0 million, payment of cash dividends to our stockholders of $30.4 million, and payment of taxes related tonet share settlement of equity awards of $7.4 million. Net payments on short-term debt were $4.6 million.During fiscal 2016, financing activities used cash of $105.7 million primarily due to 2011 Revolver repayments of $360.8 million, purchase of treasury stockfor $178.2 million, principal payment of $172.3 million to the Convertible Notes holders, payment of cash dividends to our stockholders of $30.9 million,repayment on 2011 Term Loan of $7.5 million and debt issuance costs of $5.0 million relating to the Notes. This was partially offset by revolver borrowingsof $355.8 million and the issuance of $300.0 million of the Notes. Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards, net of option proceeds andrelated tax benefits also resulted in a net outflow of $10.9 million. Net borrowings on short-term debt were $4.2 million.As a result of the above, total cash and cash equivalents increased $21.8 million from $500.3 million at March 31, 2017 to $522.1 million at March 31, 2018.We currently are in compliance with all covenants and conditions under our credit agreements.In addition to cash flows from operating activities, we had available committed and uncommitted credit lines of approximately $613 million at March 31,2018 to cover short-term liquidity requirements. Our 2017 Credit Facility is committed through September 30, 2022, as long as we continue to comply withthe covenants and conditions of the credit facility agreement. We have $463 million in available credit lines under our 2017 Credit Facility at March 31,2018.We believe that our cash flow from operations, available cash and cash equivalents and available borrowing capacity under our credit facilities will besufficient to meet our liquidity needs, including normal levels of capital expenditures, for the foreseeable future; however, there can be no assurance that thiswill be the case.44Table of ContentsOff-Balance Sheet ArrangementsThe Company did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements during any of the periods covered by this report.Contractual Obligations and Commercial CommitmentsAt March 31, 2018, we had certain cash obligations, which are due as follows: Total Less than1 year 2 to 3years 4 to 5years After5 years (in millions)Debt obligations $585.5 $3.8 $22.5 $259.2 $300.0Short-term debt 18.3 18.3 — — —Interest on debt 135.0 25.0 46.3 41.2 22.5Operating leases 105.5 27.9 42.8 22.5 12.3Tax Act - Transition Tax 97.5 7.8 15.6 15.6 58.5Pension benefit payments and profit sharing 39.9 3.0 6.3 7.5 23.1Restructuring 2.9 2.9 — — —Purchase commitments 6.9 6.9 — — —Lead forward contracts 3.9 3.9 — — —Capital lease obligations, including interest 0.1 0.1 — — —Total $995.5 $99.6 $133.5 $346.0 $416.4Due to the uncertainty of future cash outflows, uncertain tax positions have been excluded from the above table.Under our 2017 Credit Facility and other credit arrangements, we had outstanding standby letters of credit of $3.1 million as of March 31, 2018.Credit Facilities and LeverageOur focus on working capital management and cash flow from operations is measured by our ability to reduce debt and reduce our leverage ratios. In thesecond quarter of fiscal 2018, we entered into the 2017 Credit Facility that comprised a $600 million senior secured revolving credit facility (“2017Revolver”) and a $150 million senior secured term loan (“2017 Term Loan”) with a maturity date of September 30, 2022. We repaid our then existing facility(“2011 Credit Facility”), which comprised a $500 million senior secured revolving credit facility (“2011 Revolver”) and a $150 million senior securedincremental term loan (the “2011 Term Loan”) with the proceeds of the new facility.Shown below are the leverage ratios at March 31, 2018 and 2017, in connection with the 2017 Credit Facility and 2011 Credit Facility, respectively.The total net debt, as defined under the 2017 Credit Facility is $234.7 million for fiscal 2018 and is 0.7 times adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP), compared tototal net debt of $463.7 million and 1.4 times adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP), as defined under the 2011 Credit Facility, for fiscal 2017.45Table of ContentsThe following table provides a reconciliation of net earnings to EBITDA (non-GAAP) and adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) for March 31, 2018 and 2017, inconnection with the 2017 Credit Facility and 2011 Credit Facility, respectively: Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2017 (in millions, except ratios)Net earnings as reported $119.8 $158.2Add back: Depreciation and amortization 54.3 53.9Interest expense 25.0 22.2Income tax expense 118.5 54.5EBITDA (non GAAP)(1) $317.6 $288.8Adjustments per credit agreement definitions(2) 23.2 46.8Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) per credit agreement(1) $340.8 $335.6Total net debt(3) $234.7 $463.7Leverage ratios(4): Total net debt/adjusted EBITDA ratio(4) 0.7 X 1.4 X Maximum ratio permitted 3.50 X 3.25 XConsolidated interest coverage ratio(5) 14.5 X 16.1 X Minimum ratio required 3.0 X 4.5 X (1)We have included EBITDA (non-GAAP) and adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) because our lenders use them as key measures of our performance.EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization. EBITDA is not a measure of financialperformance under GAAP and should not be considered an alternative to net earnings or any other measure of performance under GAAP or to cashflows from operating, investing or financing activities as an indicator of cash flows or as a measure of liquidity. Our calculation of EBITDA may bedifferent from the calculations used by other companies, and therefore comparability may be limited. Certain financial covenants in our 2017 and2011 Credit Facility are based on EBITDA, subject to adjustments, which are shown above. Continued availability of credit under our 2017 CreditFacility is critical to our ability to meet our business plans. We believe that an understanding of the key terms of our credit agreement is important toan investor’s understanding of our financial condition and liquidity risks. Failure to comply with our financial covenants, unless waived by ourlenders, would mean we could not borrow any further amounts under our revolving credit facility and would give our lenders the right to demandimmediate repayment of all outstanding revolving credit and term loans. We would be unable to continue our operations at current levels if we lostthe liquidity provided under our credit agreements. Depreciation and amortization in this table excludes the amortization of deferred financing fees,which is included in interest expense.(2)The $23.2 million adjustment to EBITDA in fiscal 2018 primarily related to $19.5 million of non-cash stock compensation and $3.7 million of non-cash restructuring and other exit charges. The $46.8 million adjustment to EBITDA in fiscal 2017 primarily related to $19.2 million of non-cash stockcompensation, $1.4 million of non-cash restructuring and other exit charges and $24.1 million of impairment of goodwill, indefinite-livedintangibles, fixed assets and ERP system related charges, $2.0 million relating to minority partners' share of joint venture losses and $0.1 million ofacquisition expenses.(3)Debt includes capital lease obligations and letters of credit and is net of U.S. cash and cash equivalents and a portion of foreign cash and investments,as defined in the 2017 and 2011 Credit Facility. In fiscal 2018, the amounts deducted in the calculation of net debt were U.S. cash and cashequivalents and foreign cash investments of $372 million, and in fiscal 2017, were $150 million.(4)These ratios are included to show compliance with the leverage ratios set forth in our credit facilities. We show both our current ratios and themaximum ratio permitted or minimum ratio required under our 2017 and 2011 Credit Facility, for fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively.(5)As defined in the 2017 and 2011 Credit Facility, interest expense used in the consolidated interest coverage ratio excludes non-cash interest of $1.6million and $1.4 million for fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively.RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTSSee Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for a description of certain recently issued accountingstandards that were adopted or are pending adoption that could have a significant impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements or the Notes to theConsolidated Financial Statements.46Table of ContentsRelated Party TransactionsNone.Sequential Quarterly InformationFiscal 2018 and 2017 quarterly operating results, and the associated quarterly trends within each of those two fiscal years, are affected by the same economicand business conditions except for income tax expense in the third quarter of fiscal 2018, which included $77.3 million of tax expense as a result of the TaxAct. Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2017 July 2,20171st Qtr. Oct. 1,20172nd Qtr. Dec. 31,20173rd Qtr. March 31,20184th Qtr. July 3,20161st Qtr. Oct. 2,20162nd Qtr. Jan. 1,20173rd Qtr. March 31,20174th Qtr. (in millions, except share and per share amounts)Net sales $622.6 $617.3 $658.9 $683.0 $600.6 $576.0 $563.7 $626.8Cost of goods sold 459.5 457.4 492.0 512.6 434.3 412.1 408.3 459.7Inventory adjustmentrelating to exit activities — — — 3.4 — 2.6 (0.5) —Gross profit 163.1 159.9 166.9 167.0 166.3 161.3 155.9 167.1Operating expenses 92.7 94.1 96.7 98.6 99.0 93.5 85.0 92.4Restructuring and otherexit charges 0.8 1.8 1.8 1.1 1.3 4.9 (1.2) 2.1Impairment of goodwill — — — — — — — 12.2Impairment of indefinite-lived intangibles — — — — — — — 1.8Legal proceedings charge — — — — — — 17.0 6.7Operating earnings 69.6 64.0 68.4 67.3 66.0 62.9 55.1 51.9Interest expense 5.7 6.5 6.5 6.3 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.4Other (income) expense,net 2.9 2.4 (0.6) 1.3 1.3 (0.6) (1.1) 1.4Earnings before incometaxes 61.0 55.1 62.5 59.7 59.0 58.0 50.6 45.1Income tax expense 12.7 11.9 88.3 5.6 14.4 15.2 13.5 11.4Net earnings (loss) 48.3 43.2 (25.8) 54.1 44.6 42.8 37.1 33.7Net earnings (losses)attributable tononcontrolling interests 0.1 — — 0.1 — (2.8) 0.9 (0.1)Net earnings (loss)attributable to EnerSysstockholders $48.2 $43.2 $(25.8) $54.0 $44.6 $45.6 $36.2 $33.8Net earnings (loss) percommon share attributableto EnerSys stockholders: Basic $1.11 $1.01 $(0.61) $1.29 $1.03 $1.05 $0.83 $0.78Diluted $1.09 $1.00 $(0.61) $1.27 $1.02 $1.04 $0.82 $0.76Weighted-average numberof common sharesoutstanding: Basic 43,450,082 42,938,131 42,125,745 41,934,187 43,269,942 43,426,955 43,429,525 43,430,911Diluted 44,163,074 43,327,361 42,125,745 42,441,647 43,829,813 43,949,543 44,049,674 44,221,14347Table of ContentsNet SalesQuarterly net sales by segment were as follows: Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2017 1st Qtr. 2nd Qtr. 3rd Qtr. 4th Qtr. 1st Qtr. 2nd Qtr. 3rd Qtr. 4th Qtr. (in millions)Net sales by segment: Americas $354.6 $341.5 $353.2 $380.5 $329.7 $324.8 $314.0 $363.8EMEA 199.1 197.9 224.9 227.6 197.1 180.6 186.1 199.3Asia 68.9 77.9 80.8 74.9 73.8 70.6 63.6 63.7Total $622.6 $617.3 $658.9 $683.0 $600.6 $576.0 $563.7 $626.8Segment net sales as % oftotal: Americas 56.9% 55.3% 53.6% 55.7% 54.9% 56.4% 55.7% 58.1%EMEA 32.0 32.1 34.1 33.3 32.8 31.4 33.0 31.8Asia 11.1 12.6 12.3 11.0 12.3 12.2 11.3 10.1Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%Quarterly net sales by product line were as follows: Fiscal 2018 Fiscal 2017 1st Qtr. 2nd Qtr. 3rd Qtr. 4th Qtr. 1st Qtr. 2nd Qtr. 3rd Qtr. 4th Qtr. (in millions)Net sales by product line: Reserve power $305.2 $292.2 $327.0 $323.5 $296.0 $277.4 $271.3 $297.5Motive power 317.4 325.1 331.9 359.5 304.6 298.6 292.4 329.3Total $622.6 $617.3 $658.9 $683.0 $600.6 $576.0 $563.7 $626.8Product line net sales as %of total: Reserve power 49.0% 47.3% 49.6% 47.4% 49.3% 48.2% 48.1% 47.5%Motive power 51.0 52.7 50.4 52.6 50.7 51.8 51.9 52.5Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%ITEM 7A.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKMarket RisksOur cash flows and earnings are subject to fluctuations resulting from changes in raw material costs, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. Wemanage our exposure to these market risks through internally established policies and procedures and, when deemed appropriate, through the use ofderivative financial instruments. Our policy does not allow speculation in derivative instruments for profit or execution of derivative instrument contracts forwhich there are no underlying exposures. We do not use financial instruments for trading purposes and are not a party to any leveraged derivatives. Wemonitor our underlying market risk exposures on an ongoing basis and believe that we can modify or adapt our hedging strategies as needed.Counterparty RisksWe have entered into lead forward purchase contracts and foreign exchange forward and purchased option contracts to manage the risk associated with ourexposures to fluctuations resulting from changes in raw material costs and foreign currency48Table of Contentsexchange rates. The Company’s agreements are with creditworthy financial institutions. Those contracts that result in a liability position at March 31, 2018are $4.5 million (pre-tax) and the vast majority of these will settle within one year. Those contracts that result in an asset position at March 31, 2018 are $0.6million (pre-tax). The impact on the Company due to nonperformance by the counterparties has been evaluated and not deemed material.Interest Rate RisksWe are exposed to changes in variable U.S. interest rates on borrowings under our credit agreements, as well as short term borrowings in our foreignsubsidiaries.A 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have increased annual interest expense by approximately $3.0 million on the variable rate portions of ourdebt.Commodity Cost Risks—Lead ContractsWe have a significant risk in our exposure to certain raw materials. Our largest single raw material cost is for lead, for which the cost remains volatile. In orderto hedge against increases in our lead cost, we have entered into forward contracts with financial institutions to fix the price of lead. A vast majority of suchcontracts are for a period not extending beyond one year. We had the following contracts outstanding at the dates shown below:Date $’s Under Contract # Pounds Purchased AverageCost/Pound Approximate % of Lead Requirements (1) (in millions) (in millions) March 31, 2018 $72.2 62.9 $1.15 14%March 31, 2017 46.6 45.0 1.03 8March 31, 2016 21.6 27.4 0.79 6 (1)Based on the fiscal year lead requirements for the periods then ended.We estimate that a 10% increase in our cost of lead would have increased our annual cost of goods sold by approximately $69 million for the fiscal yearended March 31, 2018.Foreign Currency Exchange Rate RisksWe manufacture and assemble our products globally in the Americas, EMEA and Asia. Approximately 50% of our sales and expenses are transacted inforeign currencies. Our sales revenue, production costs, profit margins and competitive position are affected by the strength of the currencies in countrieswhere we manufacture or purchase goods relative to the strength of the currencies in countries where our products are sold. Additionally, as we report ourfinancial statements in U.S. dollars, our financial results are affected by the strength of the currencies in countries where we have operations relative to thestrength of the U.S. dollar. The principal foreign currencies in which we conduct business are the Euro, Swiss franc, British pound, Polish zloty, Chineserenminbi and Mexican peso.We quantify and monitor our global foreign currency exposures. Our largest foreign currency exposure is from the purchase and conversion of U.S. dollarbased lead costs into local currencies in Europe. Additionally, we have currency exposures from intercompany financing and intercompany and third partytrade transactions. On a selective basis, we enter into foreign currency forward contracts and purchase option contracts to reduce the impact from thevolatility of currency movements; however, we cannot be certain that foreign currency fluctuations will not impact our operations in the future.We hedge at any time, approximately 10% - 15% of the nominal amount of our known annual foreign exchange transactional exposures. We primarily enterinto foreign currency exchange contracts to reduce the earnings and cash flow impact of the variation of non-functional currency denominated receivablesand payables. The vast majority of such contracts are for a period not extending beyond one year.Gains and losses resulting from hedging instruments offset the foreign exchange gains or losses on the underlying assets and liabilities being hedged. Thematurities of the forward exchange contracts generally coincide with the settlement dates of the related transactions. Realized and unrealized gains and losseson these contracts are recognized in the same period as gains and losses on the hedged items. We also selectively hedge anticipated transactions that aresubject to foreign exchange exposure,49Table of Contentsprimarily with foreign currency exchange contracts, which are designated as cash flow hedges in accordance with Topic 815 - Derivatives and Hedging.At March 31, 2018 and 2017, we estimate that an unfavorable 10% movement in the exchange rates would have adversely changed our hedge valuations netunrealized gains by approximately $2.1 million and $3.2 million, respectively.50Table of ContentsITEM 8.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATAContentsEnerSysINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS PageReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (on Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule)52Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting)53Audited Consolidated Financial Statements Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2018 and 201754Consolidated Statements of Income for the Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 201655Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 201656Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 201657Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Fiscal Years Ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 201658Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements591. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies592. Acquisitions673. Inventories684. Property, Plant, and Equipment685. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets686. Prepaid and Other Current Assets707. Accrued Expenses708. Debt719. Leases7310. Other Liabilities7311. Fair Value Measurements7412. Derivative Financial Instruments7513. Income Taxes7714. Retirement Plans8115. Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests8616. Stock-Based Compensation8917. Earnings Per Share9218. Commitments, Contingencies and Litigation9219. Restructuring and Other Exit Charges9420. Warranty9621. Other (Income) Expense, Net9622. Business Segments9723. Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)9824. Subsequent Events9951Table of ContentsReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of EnerSysOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of EnerSys (the Company) as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidatedstatements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2018, and therelated notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In ouropinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at March 31, 2018 and 2017, andthe results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2018, in conformity with U.S. generally acceptedaccounting principles.We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company'sinternal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by theCommittee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated May 30, 2018 expressed an unqualifiedopinion thereon.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financialstatements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Companyin accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing proceduresto assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks.Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also includedevaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financialstatements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Ernst & Young LLPWe have served as the Company‘s auditor since 1998.Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaMay 30, 201852Table of ContentsReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of EnerSysOpinion on Internal Control over Financial ReportingWe have audited EnerSys’ internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control-IntegratedFramework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion,EnerSys (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2018, based on the COSOcriteria.We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the 2018 consolidatedfinancial statements of the Company and our report dated May 30, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.Basis for OpinionThe Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness ofinternal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Ourresponsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firmregistered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and theapplicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing andevaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considerednecessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial ReportingA company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reportingand the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal controlover financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairlyreflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permitpreparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are beingmade only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention ortimely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation ofeffectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliancewith the policies or procedures may deteriorate./s/ Ernst & Young LLPPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaMay 30, 201853Table of ContentsEnerSysConsolidated Balance Sheets(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data) March 31, 2018 2017Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $522,118 $500,329Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts (2018–$12,643; 2017–$12,662) 546,325 486,646Inventories 414,234 360,694Prepaid and other current assets 56,910 71,246Total current assets 1,539,587 1,418,915Property, plant, and equipment, net 390,260 348,549Goodwill 352,805 328,657Other intangible assets, net 147,141 153,960Deferred taxes 44,402 31,587Other assets 12,730 11,361Total assets $2,486,925 $2,293,029Liabilities and Equity Current liabilities: Short-term debt $18,341 $18,359Current portion of capital lease obligations 89 69Accounts payable 258,982 222,493Accrued expenses 214,118 226,510Total current liabilities 491,530 467,431Long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs 579,535 587,609Capital lease obligations 55 96Deferred taxes 33,607 45,923Other liabilities 181,087 83,601Total liabilities 1,285,814 1,184,660Commitments and contingencies Equity: Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding at March31, 2018 and at March 31, 2017 — —Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, 135,000,000 shares authorized, 54,595,105 shares issuedand 41,915,000 shares outstanding at March 31, 2018; 54,370,810 shares issued and 43,447,536shares outstanding at March 31, 2017 546 544Additional paid-in capital 477,288 464,092Treasury stock at cost, 12,680,105 shares held as of March 31, 2018 and 10,923,274 shares held as ofMarch 31, 2017 (560,991) (439,800)Retained earnings 1,320,549 1,231,444Accumulated other comprehensive loss (41,717) (152,824)Total EnerSys stockholders’ equity 1,195,675 1,103,456Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests 5,436 4,913Total equity 1,201,111 1,108,369Total liabilities and equity $2,486,925 $2,293,029See accompanying notes.54Table of ContentsEnerSysConsolidated Statements of Income(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data) Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016Net sales $2,581,891 $2,367,149 $2,316,249Cost of goods sold 1,921,494 1,714,367 1,704,472Inventory adjustment relating to exit activities 3,457 2,157 —Gross profit 656,940 650,625 611,777Operating expenses 382,077 369,863 352,767Restructuring and other exit charges 5,481 7,160 12,978Impairment of goodwill — 12,216 31,411Impairment of indefinite-lived intangibles and fixed assets — 1,800 4,841Legal proceedings charge — 23,725 3,201Gain on sale of facility — — (3,420)Operating earnings 269,382 235,861 209,999Interest expense 25,001 22,197 22,343Other (income) expense, net 6,055 969 5,719Earnings before income taxes 238,326 212,695 181,937Income tax expense 118,493 54,472 50,113Net earnings 119,833 158,223 131,824Net earnings (losses) attributable to noncontrolling interests 239 (1,991) (4,326)Net earnings attributable to EnerSys stockholders $119,594 $160,214 $136,150Net earnings per common share attributable to EnerSys stockholders: Basic $2.81 $3.69 $3.08Diluted $2.77 $3.64 $2.99Dividends per common share $0.70 $0.70 $0.70Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding: Basic 42,612,036 43,389,333 44,276,713Diluted 43,119,856 44,012,543 45,474,130See accompanying notes.55Table of ContentsEnerSysConsolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income(In Thousands) Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016Net earnings $119,833 $158,223 $131,824Other comprehensive income (loss): Net unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments, net of tax (5,400) 1,587 483Pension funded status adjustment, net of tax 3,052 (3,694) 1,858Foreign currency translation adjustment 113,739 (53,730) 8,035Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 111,391 (55,837) 10,376Total comprehensive income 231,224 102,386 142,200Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 523 (2,353) (5,576)Comprehensive income attributable to EnerSys stockholders $230,701 $104,739 $147,776 See accompanying notes.56Table of ContentsEnerSysConsolidated Statements of Changes in Equity(In Thousands) PreferredStock CommonStock AdditionalPaid-inCapital TreasuryStock RetainedEarnings AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncome (Loss) TotalEnerSysStockholders’Equity Non-redeemableNon-ControllingInterests TotalEquityBalance at March 31, 2015 $— $537 $525,967 $(376,005) $997,376 $(108,975) $1,038,900 $5,540 $1,044,440Stock-based compensation — — 19,603 — — — 19,603 — 19,603Shares issued under equity awards (taxes paid related to net sharesettlement of equity awards), net — 4 (15,209) — — — (15,205) — (15,205)Tax benefit from stock options — — 4,291 — — — 4,291 — 4,291Purchase of common stock — — — (178,244) — — (178,244) — (178,244)Reissuance of treasury stock to Convertible Notes holders — — — 114,449 — — 114,449 — 114,449Adjustment to equity on debt extinguishment — — (84,140) — — — (84,140) — (84,140)Debt conversion feature — — 1,330 — — — 1,330 — 1,330Other — — (477) — — — (477) — (477)Net earnings (excludes $4,272 of losses attributable to redeemablenoncontrolling interests) — — — — 136,150 — 136,150 (54) 136,096Dividends ($0.70 per common share) — — 732 — (31,612) — (30,880) — (30,880)Redemption value adjustment attributable to redeemablenoncontrolling interests — — — — (4,272) — (4,272) — (4,272)Other comprehensive income: Pension funded status adjustment (net of tax expense of $587) — — — — — 1,858 1,858 — 1,858Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments (net of tax expenseof $277) — — — — — 483 483 — 483Foreign currency translation adjustment (excludes ($1,068) related toredeemable noncontrolling interests) — — — — — 9,285 9,285 (182) 9,103Balance at March 31, 2016 $— $541 $452,097 $(439,800) $1,097,642 $(97,349) $1,013,131 $5,304 $1,018,435Stock-based compensation — — 19,185 — — — 19,185 — 19,185Shares issued under equity awards (taxes paid related to net sharesettlement of equity awards), net — 3 (7,447) — — — (7,444) — (7,444)Other — — (480) — — — (480) — (480)Net earnings (excludes $2,021 of losses attributable to redeemablenoncontrolling interests) — — — — 160,214 — 160,214 30 160,244Dividends ($0.70 per common share) — — 737 — (31,137) — (30,400) — (30,400)Redemption value adjustment attributable to redeemablenoncontrolling interests — — — — 4,725 — 4,725 — 4,725Other comprehensive income: Pension funded status adjustment (net of tax expense of $142) — — — — — (3,694) (3,694) — (3,694)Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments (net of tax expenseof $929) — — — — — 1,587 1,587 — 1,587Foreign currency translation adjustment (excludes $59 related toredeemable noncontrolling interests) — — — — — (53,368) (53,368) (421) (53,789)Balance at March 31, 2017 $— $544 $464,092 $(439,800) $1,231,444 $(152,824) $1,103,456 $4,913 $1,108,369Stock-based compensation — — 19,453 — — — 19,453 — 19,453Shares issued under equity awards (taxes paid related to net sharesettlement of equity awards), net — 2 (6,533) — — — (6,531) — (6,531)Purchase of common stock — — — (121,191) — — (121,191) — (121,191)Other — — (402) — (137) — (539) — (539)Net earnings — — — — 119,594 — 119,594 239 119,833Dividends ($0.70 per common share) — — 678 — (30,352) — (29,674) — (29,674)Other comprehensive income: Pension funded status adjustment (net of tax benefit of $808) — — — — — 3,052 3,052 — 3,052Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments (net of tax benefitof $2,071) — — — — — (5,400) (5,400) — (5,400)Foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — — 113,455 113,455 284 113,739Balance at March 31, 2018 $— $546 $477,288 $(560,991) $1,320,549 $(41,717) $1,195,675 $5,436 $1,201,111See accompanying notes.57Table of ContentsEnerSysConsolidated Statements of Cash Flows(In Thousands) Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016Cash flows from operating activities Net earnings $119,833 $158,223 $131,824Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 54,317 53,945 55,994Write-off of assets relating to restructuring and other exit charges 3,736 1,435 3,800Non-cash write-off of property, plant and equipment — 6,300 —Impairment of goodwill — 12,216 31,411Impairment of indefinite-lived intangibles and fixed assets — 1,800 4,841Derivatives not designated in hedging relationships: Net (gains) losses (180) 471 409Cash proceeds (settlements) 43 (1,225) 648Provision for doubtful accounts 822 1,794 4,749Deferred income taxes (20,313) 1,455 (753)Legal proceedings accrual / (reversal of legal accrual, net of fees) — 23,725 (799)Non-cash interest expense 1,603 1,388 2,794Stock-based compensation 19,453 19,185 19,603Loss (gain) on sale of facility — — (4,348)Gain on disposal of fixed assets 116 (7) (114)Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions: Accounts receivable (32,242) (13,535) 31,142Inventories (38,075) (42,792) 11,667Prepaid and other current assets 14,470 3,721 4,751Other assets (1,150) 2,034 (331)Accounts payable 21,266 845 12,178Accrued expenses (26,614) 9,333 (4,739)Other liabilities 93,963 5,719 2,844Net cash provided by operating activities 211,048 246,030 307,571Cash flows from investing activities Capital expenditures (69,832) (50,072) (55,880)Purchase of businesses, net of cash acquired (2,988) (12,392) (35,439)Proceeds from sale of facility — — 9,179Proceeds from disposal of property, plant, and equipment 463 631 1,217Net cash used in investing activities (72,357) (61,833) (80,923)Cash flows from financing activities Net increase (decrease) in short-term debt 214 (4,600) 4,233Proceeds from 2017 Revolver borrowings 379,750 — —Proceeds from 2011 Revolver borrowings 147,050 262,000 355,800Repayments of 2017 Revolver borrowings (244,250) — —Repayments of 2011 Revolver borrowings (312,050) (267,000) (360,800)Proceeds from 2017 Term Loan 150,000 — —Proceeds from Notes — — 300,000Repayments of 2011 Term Loan (127,500) (15,000) (7,500)Repayments of Convertible Notes — — (172,266)Debt issuance costs (2,677) — (5,031)Capital lease obligations and other (29) (98) (127)Proceeds from the issuance of common stock 958 3 4Payment of taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards (7,489) (7,447) (15,209)Excess tax benefits from exercise of stock options and vesting of equity awards — — 4,291Purchase of treasury stock (121,191) — (178,244)Dividends paid to stockholders (29,674) (30,400) (30,880)Net cash used by financing activities (166,888) (62,542) (105,729)Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 49,986 (18,633) 7,467Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 21,789 103,022 128,386Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 500,329 397,307 268,921Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $522,118 $500,329 $397,307See accompanying notes.58Table of ContentsNotes to Consolidated Financial StatementsMarch 31, 2018(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)1. Summary of Significant Accounting PoliciesDescription of BusinessEnerSys (the “Company”) and its predecessor companies have been manufacturers of industrial batteries for over 125 years. EnerSys is a global leader instored energy solutions for industrial applications. The Company manufactures, markets and distributes industrial batteries and related products such aschargers, outdoor cabinet enclosures, power equipment and battery accessories, and provides related after-market and customer-support services for itsproducts.Principles of ConsolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries and any partially owned subsidiaries that theCompany has the ability to control. Control generally equates to ownership percentage, whereby investments that are more than 50% owned are generallyconsolidated, investments in affiliates of 50% or less but greater than 20% are generally accounted for using the equity method, and investments in affiliatesof 20% or less are accounted for using the cost method. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.The Company, in previous years, consolidated certain subsidiaries in which the noncontrolling interest party had within its control the right to require theCompany to redeem all or a portion of its interest in the subsidiary. The redeemable noncontrolling interests were reported at their estimated redemptionvalue, and the amount presented in temporary equity was not less than the initial amount reported in temporary equity. Any adjustment to the redemptionvalue impacted retained earnings but did not impact net income or comprehensive income. In fiscal 2017, the Company deconsolidated its joint venture inSouth Africa and the impact of this deconsolidation was reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income. As a result, the Company has no redeemablenoncontrolling interest on its Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2018 and 2017.Foreign Currency TranslationResults of foreign operations of subsidiaries, whose functional currency is the local currency, are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange ratesduring the periods. The assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates as of the balance sheet dates. Gains or losses resulting fromtranslating the foreign currency financial statements are accumulated as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) inEnerSys’ stockholders’ equity and noncontrolling interests.Transaction gains and losses resulting from exchange rate changes on transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of theapplicable subsidiary are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income, within “Other (income) expense, net”, in the year in which the change occurs.Revenue RecognitionThe Company recognizes revenue when the earnings process is complete. This occurs when risk and title transfers to the customer, collectibility is reasonablyassured and pricing is fixed or determinable. Shipment terms are either shipping point or destination and do not differ significantly between the Company’sreporting segments. Amounts invoiced to customers for shipping and handling are classified as revenue. Taxes on revenue producing transactions are notincluded in net sales.The Company recognizes revenue from the service of its products when the respective services are performed.Accruals are made at the time of sale for sales returns and other allowances based on the Company’s historical experience.Freight ExpenseCosts incurred by the Company for outbound freight costs to customers, inbound and transfer freight are classified in cost of goods sold.59Table of ContentsWarrantiesThe Company’s products are warranted for a period ranging from one to twenty years for reserve power batteries and for a period ranging from one to sevenyears for motive power batteries. The Company provides for estimated product warranty expenses when the related products are sold. The assessment of theadequacy of the reserve includes a review of open claims and historical experience.Cash and Cash EquivalentsCash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased.Concentration of Credit RiskFinancial instruments that subject the Company to potential concentration of credit risk consist principally of short-term cash investments and trade accountsreceivable. The Company invests its cash with various financial institutions and in various investment instruments limiting the amount of credit exposure toany one financial institution or entity. The Company has bank deposits that exceed federally insured limits. In addition, certain cash investments may bemade in U.S. and foreign government bonds, or other highly rated investments guaranteed by the U.S. or foreign governments. Concentration of credit riskwith respect to trade receivables is limited by a large, diversified customer base and its geographic dispersion. The Company performs ongoing creditevaluations of its customers’ financial condition and requires collateral, such as letters of credit, in certain circumstances.Accounts ReceivableThe Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of customers to make required payments. Theallowance is based on management’s estimate of uncollectible accounts, analysis of historical data and trends, as well as reviews of all relevant factorsconcerning the financial capability of its customers. Accounts receivable are considered to be past due based on when payments are received compared to thecustomer’s credit terms. Accounts are written off when management determines the account is uncollectible.InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The cost of inventory consists of material,labor, and associated overhead.Property, Plant, and EquipmentProperty, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost and include expenditures that substantially increase the useful lives of the assets. Depreciation isprovided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows: 10 to 33 years for buildings and improvements and 3 to 15years for machinery and equipment.Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Interest on capital projects is capitalized during the construction period.Business CombinationsThe purchase price of an acquired company is allocated between tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the acquired businessbased on their estimated fair values, with the residual of the purchase price recorded as goodwill. The results of operations of the acquired business areincluded in the Company’s operating results from the date of acquisition.Goodwill and Other Intangible AssetsGoodwill and indefinite-lived trademarks are tested for impairment at least annually and whenever events or circumstances occur indicating that a possibleimpairment may have been incurred. Goodwill is tested for impairment by determining the fair value of the Company’s reporting units. These estimated fairvalues are based on financial projections, certain cash flow measures, and market capitalization.60Table of ContentsThe Company estimates the fair value of its reporting units using a weighting of fair values derived from both the income approach and the market approach.Under the income approach, the Company calculates the fair value of a reporting unit based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. Cash flowprojections are based on management's estimates of revenue growth rates and operating margins, taking into consideration industry and market conditions.The discount rate used is based on the weighted-average cost of capital adjusted for the relevant risk associated with business-specific characteristics and theuncertainty related to the business's ability to execute on the projected cash flows. The market approach estimates fair value based on market multiples ofrevenue and earnings derived from comparable publicly-traded companies with similar operating and investment characteristics as the reporting unit. Theweighting of the fair value derived from the market approach ranges from 0% to 50% depending on the level of comparability of these publicly-tradedcompanies to the reporting unit.In order to assess the reasonableness of the calculated fair values of its reporting units, the Company also compares the sum of the reporting units' fair valuesto its market capitalization and calculates an implied control premium (the excess of the sum of the reporting units' fair values over the market capitalization).The Company evaluates the control premium by comparing it to control premiums of recent comparable market transactions.In fiscal 2016, in accordance with the existing guidance under ASC 350, the Company conducted the goodwill impairment test using the two-step process. Inthe first step, the Company compared the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carryingvalue, goodwill was not impaired and no further testing was required. If the fair value of the reporting unit was less than the carrying value, the Companyperformed the second step of the impairment test to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. In the second step, the reporting unit's fair value wasallocated to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, including any unrecognized intangible assets, in a hypothetical analysis that calculated theimplied fair value of goodwill in the same manner as if the reporting unit was being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of thereporting unit's goodwill was less than the carrying value, the difference was recorded as an impairment loss.In fiscal 2017, the Company early adopted ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Accounting for GoodwillImpairment”, which simplified the measurement of goodwill impairment by removing the second step of the goodwill impairment test that requires ahypothetical purchase price allocation.Beginning fiscal 2017, the annual or interim goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount.If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not impaired and no further testing is required. If the fair value of the reportingunit is less than the carrying value, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value;however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.The indefinite-lived trademarks are tested for impairment by comparing the carrying value to the fair value based on current revenue projections of therelated trademarks, under the relief from royalty method. Any excess carrying value over the amount of fair value is recognized as impairment. Anyimpairment would be recognized in full in the reporting period in which it has been identified.Finite-lived assets such as customer relationships, patents, and non-compete agreements are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated usefullives, generally over periods ranging from 3 to 20 years. The Company reviews the carrying values of these assets for possible impairment whenever events orchanges in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable based on undiscounted estimated cash flows expected to resultfrom its use and eventual disposition. The Company continually evaluates the reasonableness of the useful lives of these assets.Impairment of Long-Lived AssetsThe Company reviews the carrying values of its long-lived assets to be held and used for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstancesindicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable, based on undiscounted estimated cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposition.The factors considered by the Company in performing this assessment include current operating results, trends and other economic factors. In assessing therecoverability of the carrying value of a long-lived asset, the Company must make assumptions regarding future cash flows and other factors. If theseestimates or the related assumptions change in the future, the Company may be required to record an impairment loss for these assets.61Table of ContentsEnvironmental ExpendituresThe Company records a loss and establishes a reserve for environmental remediation liabilities when it is probable that an asset has been impaired or aliability exists and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. Reasonable estimates involve judgments made by management after consideringa broad range of information including notifications, demands or settlements that have been received from a regulatory authority or private party, estimatesperformed by independent engineering companies and outside counsel, available facts, existing and proposed technology, the identification of otherpotentially responsible parties, their ability to contribute and prior experience. These judgments are reviewed quarterly as more information is received andthe amounts reserved are updated as necessary. However, the reserves may materially differ from ultimate actual liabilities if the loss contingency is difficultto estimate or if management’s judgments turn out to be inaccurate. If management believes no best estimate exists, the minimum probable loss is accrued.Derivative Financial InstrumentsThe Company utilizes derivative instruments to mitigate volatility related to interest rates, lead prices and foreign currency exposures. The Company doesnot hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The Company recognizes derivatives as either assets or liabilities in theaccompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and measures those instruments at fair value. Changes in the fair value of those instruments are reported in AOCIif they qualify for hedge accounting or in earnings if they do not qualify for hedge accounting. Derivatives qualify for hedge accounting if they aredesignated as hedge instruments and if the hedge is highly effective in achieving offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of the asset or liabilityhedged. Effectiveness is measured on a regular basis using statistical analysis and by comparing the overall changes in the expected cash flows on the leadand foreign currency forward contracts with the changes in the expected all-in cash outflow required for the lead and foreign currency purchases. Thisanalysis is performed on the initial purchases quarterly that cover the quantities hedged. Accordingly, gains and losses from changes in derivative fair valueof effective hedges are deferred and reported in AOCI until the underlying transaction affects earnings.The Company has commodity, foreign exchange and interest rate hedging authorization from the Board of Directors and has established a hedging and riskmanagement program that includes the management of market and counterparty risk. Key risk control activities designed to ensure compliance with the riskmanagement program include, but are not limited to, credit review and approval, validation of transactions and market prices, verification of risk andtransaction limits, portfolio stress tests, sensitivity analyses and frequent portfolio reporting, including open positions, determinations of fair value and otherrisk management metrics.Market risk is the potential loss the Company and its subsidiaries may incur as a result of price changes associated with a particular financial or commodityinstrument. The Company utilizes forward contracts, options, and swaps as part of its risk management strategies, to minimize unanticipated fluctuations inearnings caused by changes in commodity prices, interest rates and/or foreign currency exchange rates. All derivatives are recognized on the balance sheet attheir fair value, unless they qualify for the Normal Purchase Normal Sale exemption.Credit risk is the potential loss the Company may incur due to the counterparty’s non-performance. The Company is exposed to credit risk from interest rate,foreign currency and commodity derivatives with financial institutions. The Company has credit policies to manage their credit risk, including the use of anestablished credit approval process, monitoring of the counterparty positions and the use of master netting agreements.The Company has elected to offset net derivative positions under master netting arrangements. The Company does not have any positions involving cashcollateral (payables or receivables) under a master netting arrangement as of March 31, 2018 and 2017.The Company does not have any credit-related contingent features associated with its derivative instruments.62Table of ContentsFair Value of Financial InstrumentsThe Company groups its recurring, non-recurring and disclosure-only fair value measurements into the following levels when making fair value measurementdisclosures:Level 1 Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in an active market, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in marketsthat are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable and market-corroborated inputs which are derived principally from orcorroborated by observable market data. Level 3 Inputs are derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or value drivers are unobservable.Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at themeasurement date (an exit price). The Company and its subsidiaries use, as appropriate, a market approach (generally, data from market transactions), anincome approach (generally, present value techniques and option-pricing models), and / or a cost approach (generally, replacement cost) to measure the fairvalue of an asset or liability. These valuation approaches incorporate inputs such as observable, independent market data and / or unobservable data thatmanagement believes are predicated on the assumptions market participants would use to price an asset or liability. These inputs may incorporate, asapplicable, certain risks such as nonperformance risk, which includes credit risk.Lead contracts, foreign currency contracts and interest rate contracts generally use an income approach to measure the fair value of these contracts, utilizingreadily observable inputs, such as forward interest rates (e.g., London Interbank Offered Rate—“LIBOR”), forward foreign currency exchange rates (e.g., GBPand euro) and commodity prices (e.g., London Metals Exchange), as well as inputs that may not be observable, such as credit valuation adjustments. Whenobservable inputs are used to measure all or most of the value of a contract, the contract is classified as Level 2. Over-the-counter (OTC) contracts are valuedusing quotes obtained from an exchange, binding and non-binding broker quotes. Furthermore, the Company obtains independent quotes from the market tovalidate the forward price curves. OTC contracts include forwards, swaps and options. To the extent possible, fair value measurements utilize various inputsthat include quoted prices for similar contracts or market-corroborated inputs.When unobservable inputs are significant to the fair value measurement, the asset or liability is classified as Level 3. Additionally, Level 2 fair valuemeasurements include adjustments for credit risk based on the Company’s own creditworthiness (for net liabilities) and its counterparties’ creditworthiness(for net assets). The Company assumes that observable market prices include sufficient adjustments for liquidity and modeling risks. The Company did nothave any fair value measurements that transferred between Level 2 and Level 3 as well as Level 1 and Level 2.Income TaxesThe Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability approach, which requires deferred tax assets and liabilities be recognized using enactedtax rates to measure the effect of temporary differences between book and tax bases on recorded assets and liabilities. Valuation allowances are recorded toreduce deferred tax assets, if it is more likely than not some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The need to establish valuationallowances against deferred tax assets is assessed quarterly. The primary factors used to assess the likelihood of realization are expected reversals of taxabletemporary timing differences, forecasts of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the net deferredtax assets.On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”) was enacted into law. Among the significant changes resulting from the law, the Tax Actreduces the U.S. federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on unrepatriatedcumulative non-U.S. earnings of foreign subsidiaries (“Transition Tax”), and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. In accordance with ASC740, “Income Taxes,” the Company is required to record the effects of tax law changes in the period enacted. The 21% rate was effective at the beginning ofthe Company's fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, and resulted in the Company using a blended rate for the annual period. The results for fiscal 2018 containestimates of the impact of the Tax Act in regard to deferred tax balances and the Transition Tax as permitted by Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 “SAB 118”issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 22, 2017. These amounts are considered provisional and may be affected by futureguidance if and when issued.63Table of ContentsThe Company recognizes tax related interest and penalties in income tax expense in its Consolidated Statement of Income.With respect to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, the Company evaluates tax positions to determine whether the benefits of tax positions are morelikely than not of being sustained upon audit based on the technical merits of the tax position. For tax positions that are more likely than not of beingsustained upon audit, the Company recognizes the largest amount of the benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement.For tax positions that are not more likely than not of being sustained upon audit, the Company does not recognize any portion of the benefit. If the morelikely than not threshold is not met in the period for which a tax position is taken, the Company may subsequently recognize the benefit of that tax positionif the tax matter is effectively settled, the statute of limitations expires, or if the more likely than not threshold is met in a subsequent period.No additional income taxes have been provided for any remaining undistributed foreign earnings not subject tothe Transition Tax, or any additional outside basis difference inherent in these entities, as these amounts continue to beindefinitely reinvested in foreign operations.Deferred Financing FeesDebt issuance costs that are incurred by the Company in connection with the issuance of debt are deferred and amortized to interest expense over the life ofthe underlying indebtedness, adjusted to reflect any early repayments and are shown as a deduction from long-term debt.Stock-Based Compensation PlansThe Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for the award of an equity instrument based on the grant-date fair value of theaward, with such cost recognized over the applicable vesting period.Market condition-based awardsThe Company grants two types of market condition-based awards - market share units and performance market share units.The fair value of the market share units is estimated at the date of grant using a binomial lattice model with the following assumptions: a risk-free interestrate, dividend yield, time to maturity and expected volatility. These units cliff vest on the third anniversary of the date of grant and are settled in commonstock on the first anniversary of the vesting date. Market share units are converted into between zero and two shares of common stock for each unit granted atthe end of a three-year performance cycle. The conversion ratio is calculated by dividing the average closing share price of the Company’s common stockduring the ninety calendar days immediately preceding the vesting date by the average closing share price of the Company’s common stock during theninety calendar days immediately preceding the grant date, with the resulting quotient capped at two. This quotient is then multiplied by the number ofmarket share units granted to yield the number of shares of common stock to be delivered on the vesting date.The fair value of the performance market share units is estimated at the date of grant using a Monte Carlo Simulation. A participant may earn between 0% to200% of the number of performance market share units granted, based on the total shareholder return (“TSR”) of the Company's common stock over a three-year period. The awards will cliff vest on the third anniversary of the date of grant and are settled in common stock on the first anniversary of the vesting date.The TSR is calculated by dividing the sixty or ninety calendar day average price at end of the period (as applicable) and the reinvested dividends thereon bysuch sixty or ninety calendar day average price at start of the period. The maximum number of awards earned is capped at 200% of the target award.Additionally, no payout will be awarded in the event that the TSR at the vesting date reflects less than a 25% return from the average price at the grant date.Performance market share units are similar to the market share units except that the targets are more difficult to achieve and may be tied to the TSR of adefined peer group.The Company recognizes compensation expense using the straight-line method over the life of the market share units and performance market share unitsexcept for those issued to certain retirement-eligible participants, which are expensed on an accelerated basis. The Company estimates forfeitures rather thanrecognizing them when they occur.64Table of ContentsRestricted Stock UnitsThe fair value of restricted stock units is based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. These awards generally vest,and are settled in common stock, at 25% per year, over a four year period from the date of grant. The Company recognizes compensation expense using thestraight-line method over the life of the restricted stock units.Stock OptionsThe fair value of the options granted is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model utilizing assumptions based on historicaldata and current market data. The assumptions include expected term of the options, risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, and dividend yield. Theexpected term represents the expected amount of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding, based on historical and forecasted exercisebehavior. The risk-free rate is based on the rate at the grant date of zero-coupon U.S. Treasury Notes with a term equal to the expected term of the option.Expected volatility is estimated using historical volatility rates based on historical weekly price changes over a term equal to the expected term of theoptions. The Company’s dividend yield is based on historical data. The Company recognizes compensation expense using the straight-line method over thevesting period of the options except for those issued to certain retirement-eligible participants, which are expensed on an accelerated basis.Earnings Per ShareBasic earnings per common share (“EPS”) are computed by dividing net earnings attributable to EnerSys stockholders by the weighted-average number ofcommon shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that would occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stockwere exercised or converted into common stock. At March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company had outstanding stock options, restricted stock units,market share units and performance market share units, which could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future. The Convertible Notes (asdefined in Note 8), prior to their extinguishment on July 17, 2015, had a dilutive impact on the EPS for fiscal 2016.Segment ReportingA segment for reporting purposes is based on the financial performance measures that are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker to assesssegment performance and to make decisions about a public entity’s allocation of resources. Based on this guidance, the Company reports its segment resultsbased upon the three geographical regions of operations.•Americas, which includes North and South America, with segment headquarters in Reading, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,•EMEA, which includes Europe, the Middle East and Africa, with segment headquarters in Zug, Switzerland, and•Asia, which includes Asia, Australia and Oceania, with segment headquarters in Singapore.Recently Issued Accounting PronouncementsIn May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”providing guidance on revenue from contracts with customers that will supersede most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specificguidance. The underlying principle is that an entity will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount that theentity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In July 2015, the FASB voted to delay the effective date for interim and annualreporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permissible one year earlier. The standard permits the use of either the modifiedretrospective or full retrospective transition methods. In the first half of fiscal 2018, the Company completed an impact assessment of the potential changesfrom adopting ASU 2014-09. The impact assessment included a review of customer arrangements across all of its global business units and an in-depthanalysis of its global revenue processes and accounting policies to identify potential areas where change may be needed to comply with this guidance. TheCompany has assembled an implementation work team to assess and document the accounting conclusions for the adoption of ASU 2014-09.The Company adopted the ASU on April 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective transition method. The Company has concluded that the adoption of theASU will not have a material impact on its accounting for revenue in the consolidated financial statements. The ASU requires the recognition of allowancesfor estimated sales returns on a gross versus net basis in the Consolidated Statements of Income and presenting the right of return asset and associated refundliability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets separately, which differs from current practice. In addition, the disclosures in the notes to its consolidatedfinancial statements related to revenue recognition will be expanded under the new standards to include the methods the Company uses to recognizerevenue, assets and liabilities relating to contracts with its customers, the nature of its65Table of Contentsperformance obligations and the manner by which it determines and allocates transaction prices to the performance obligations, and the significantjudgments inherent in its revenue recognition policies. The Company also anticipates implementing enhancements to its internal controls to support itsability to sustain compliance with the standard after adoption.In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”, which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation anddisclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e. lessees and lessors). This update requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as eitherfinance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. Thisclassification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of thelease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of theirclassification. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-typeleases, direct financing leases and operating leases. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, using a modifiedretrospective approach, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact that the adoption will have on itsconsolidated financial statements.In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, “Income Taxes (Topic 740)”: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory. ASU 2016-16requires that an entity recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of assets other than inventory when the transfer occurs. This update iseffective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. TheCompany early adopted the standard on a modified retrospective basis during the first quarter of fiscal 2018 through a cumulative-effect adjustment directlyto retained earnings of $137, as of the beginning of the period of adoption.In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715)”, which requires an entity to report the service costcomponent of pension and other postretirement benefit costs in the same line item as other compensation costs. The other components of net (benefit) costwill be required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations. Thisstandard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company does notexpect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)”: Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities,which amends and simplifies existing guidance in order to allow companies to more accurately present the economic effects of risk management activities inthe financial statements. The guidance eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and generally requires the entirechange in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item. The guidance is effective for fiscalyears beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period or fiscal year beforethe effective date. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact that the adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements.In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220)”: Reclassification of Certain TaxEffects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to retainedearnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act. The amount of the reclassification is calculated based on the effect of the change in the U.S.federal corporate income tax rate on the gross deferred tax amounts at the date of the enactment of the Tax Act related to items that remained in accumulatedother comprehensive income (loss) at that time. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periodswithin those years and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact that the adoption will have on its consolidatedfinancial statements.Use of EstimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to makeestimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from thoseestimates.ReclassificationsThe Company reclassified, $12,216 and $31,411 for fiscal year 2017 and 2016, respectively, relating to the impairment of goodwill, in the incomestatements, cash flow statements and footnotes, to separately present the aggregate amount of goodwill impairment losses consistent with ASC 350-20-45.Such reclassifications had no effect on reported net earnings attributable to EnerSys stockholders, total assets, stockholders' equity, or operating cash flows.66Table of Contents2. AcquisitionsThere were no significant acquisitions in fiscal 2018 and 2017.In fiscal 2016, the Company completed the acquisition of ICS Industries Pty. Ltd. (ICS), headquartered in Melbourne, Australia, for $34,496, net of cashacquired. ICS is a leading full line shelter designer and manufacturer with installation and maintenance services serving the telecommunications, utilities,datacenter, natural resources and transport industries operating in Australia and serving customers in the Asia Pacific region. The Company acquired tangibleand intangible assets, in connection with the acquisition, including trademarks, technology, customer relationships, non-competition agreements andgoodwill. Based on the final valuation, trademarks were valued at $1,322, technology at $1,399, customer relationships at $10,211, non-competitionagreements at $142 and goodwill was recorded at $13,898. The useful lives of technology were estimated at 10 years, customer relationships were estimatedat 11 years and non-competition agreements ranged from 2-5 years. Trademarks were considered to be indefinite-lived assets. There was no tax deductiblegoodwill associated with this acquisition.The results of the acquisitions have been included in the Company’s results of operations from the dates of their respective acquisitions. Pro forma earningsand earnings per share computations have not been presented as these acquisitions are not considered significant.67Table of Contents3. Inventories March 31, 2018 2017Raw materials $92,216 $85,604Work-in-process 136,068 107,177Finished goods 185,950 167,913Total $414,234 $360,6944. Property, Plant, and EquipmentProperty, plant, and equipment consist of: March 31, 2018 2017Land, buildings, and improvements $273,506 $251,030Machinery and equipment 657,262 582,105Construction in progress 49,900 33,418 980,668 866,553Less accumulated depreciation (590,408) (518,004)Total $390,260 $348,549Depreciation expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 totaled $45,874, $45,388, and $47,686, respectively. Interest capitalized inconnection with major capital expenditures amounted to $1,082, $817, and $1,526 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.5. Goodwill and Other Intangible AssetsOther Intangible AssetsInformation regarding the Company’s other intangible assets are as follows: March 31, 2018 2017 GrossAmount AccumulatedAmortization NetAmount GrossAmount AccumulatedAmortization NetAmountIndefinite-lived intangible assets: Trademarks $97,444 $(953) $96,491 $96,849 $(953) $95,896Finite-lived intangible assets: Customer relationships 66,973 (31,500) 35,473 66,187 (24,936) 41,251Non-compete 2,852 (2,759) 93 2,846 (2,701) 145Technology 22,769 (8,872) 13,897 22,549 (7,168) 15,381Trademarks 2,003 (1,151) 852 2,003 (1,066) 937Licenses 1,491 (1,156) 335 1,474 (1,124) 350Total $193,532 $(46,391) $147,141 $191,908 $(37,948) $153,960The Company’s amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets was $8,443, $8,557, and $8,308, for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and2016, respectively. The expected amortization expense based on the finite-lived intangible assets as of March 31, 2018, is $8,405 in fiscal 2019, $8,262 infiscal 2020, $8,005 in fiscal 2021, $7,922 in fiscal 2022 and $5,670 in fiscal 2023.68Table of ContentsGoodwillThe changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment are as follows: Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 Americas EMEA Asia TotalBalance at beginning of year $146,982 $138,813 $42,862 $328,657Goodwill acquired during the year 3,670 — — 3,670Foreign currency translation adjustment 603 17,012 2,863 20,478Balance at end of year $151,255 $155,825 $45,725 $352,805 Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 Americas EMEA Asia TotalBalance at beginning of year $166,197 $141,392 $45,958 $353,547Reorganization of reporting structure (11,628) 11,628 — —Goodwill acquired during the year, including purchase accountingadjustments 1,962 — (840) 1,122Goodwill impairment charge (8,646) (3,570) — (12,216)Foreign currency translation adjustment (903) (10,637) (2,256) (13,796)Balance at end of year $146,982 $138,813 $42,862 $328,657A reconciliation of goodwill and accumulated goodwill impairment losses, by reportable segment, is as follows: March 31, 2018 Americas EMEA Asia TotalGross carrying value $209,100 $161,978 $50,904 $421,982Accumulated goodwill impairment charges (57,845) (6,153) (5,179) (69,177)Net book value $151,255 $155,825 $45,725 $352,805 March 31, 2017 Americas EMEA Asia TotalGross carrying value $204,827 $144,966 $48,041 $397,834Accumulated goodwill impairment charges (57,845) (6,153) (5,179) (69,177)Net book value $146,982 $138,813 $42,862 $328,657Impairment of goodwill, indefinite-lived intangibles and fixed assetsIn fiscal 2017, the Company early adopted ASU 2017-04, which eliminated Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, theCompany conducted step one of the annual goodwill impairment test which indicated that the fair values of two of its reporting units - Purcell US in theAmericas operating segment and Purcell EMEA in the EMEA operating segment - were less than their respective carrying values. Based on the guidance inASU 2017-04, the Company recognized an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeded the reporting unit’s fair value andrecorded a non-cash charge of $8,646 and $3,570, related to goodwill impairment in the Americas and EMEA operating segments, respectively, and $700 and$1,100 related to impairment of indefinite-lived trademarks in the Americas and EMEA operating segments, respectively.Purcell was acquired in fiscal 2014 during the height of the 4G telecom build-out. After performing to expectations for the first few quarters, its revenuedeclined as telecom spending in the U.S. curtailed sharply. In fiscal 2016, lower estimated projected revenue and profitability caused by reduced levels ofcapital spending by major customers in the telecommunications industry was a key factor contributing to the impairment charges recorded in that year. Infiscal 2017, the company transferred the European operations of Purcell to its EMEA operating segment, consistent with its geographical managementapproach. In the U.S., Purcell received significant orders, but at lower margins, resulting in an impairment in 2017. In Europe, Purcell's sales69Table of Contentsforecasts were reduced in fiscal 2017, as a result of low telecom spending and accordingly recorded an impairment charge as well.In fiscal 2016, the Company recorded a non-cash charge of $29,579 and $1,832, related to goodwill impairment in the Americas and EMEA operatingsegments, respectively, $3,420 related to impairment of indefinite-lived trademarks in the Americas and $1,421 related to impairment of fixed assets in theEMEA operating segment.The Company estimated tax-deductible goodwill to be approximately $18,147 and $19,857 as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.6. Prepaid and Other Current AssetsPrepaid and other current assets consist of the following: March 31, 2018 2017Prepaid non-income taxes $22,583 $22,268Prepaid income taxes 8,921 22,540Non-trade receivables 4,087 4,318Other 21,319 22,120Total $56,910 $71,2467. Accrued ExpensesAccrued expenses consist of the following: March 31, 2018 2017Payroll and benefits $50,053 $56,295Accrued selling expenses 34,831 34,561Warranty 22,637 20,595Income taxes payable 19,696 13,708Freight 15,810 14,583VAT and other non-income taxes 13,155 11,380Deferred income 9,387 10,661Tax Act - Transition Tax 7,800 —Interest 6,762 6,315Restructuring 2,909 2,812Legal proceedings 2,326 25,551Pension 1,657 1,222Other 27,095 28,827Total $214,118 $226,51070Table of Contents8. DebtThe following summarizes the Company’s long-term debt: As of March 31, 2018 2017 Principal Unamortized IssuanceCosts Principal Unamortized IssuanceCosts5.00% Senior Notes due 2023 $300,000 $3,122 $300,000 $3,7462017 Credit Facility, due 2022 285,500 2,843 — —2011 Credit Facility, due 2018 — — 292,500 1,145 $585,500 $5,965 $592,500 $4,891Less: Unamortized issuance costs 5,965 4,891 Less: Current portion — — Long-term debt, net of unamortized issuance costs $579,535 $587,609 5.00% Senior NotesThe Company's $300,000 5.00% Senior Notes due 2023 (the “Notes”) bear interest at a rate of 5.00% per annum. Interest is payable semiannually in arrearson April 30 and October 30 of each year, commencing on October 30, 2015. The Notes will mature on April 30, 2023, unless earlier redeemed or repurchasedin full. The Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the Company. The Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed (the “Guarantees”),jointly and severally, by certain of its subsidiaries that are guarantors (the “Guarantors”) under the 2011 Credit Facility and its successor, the 2017 CreditFacility. The Guarantees are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the Guarantors. The net proceeds from the sale of the Notes in fiscal 2016, wereused primarily to repay and retire in full the principal amount of the Company’s senior 3.375% convertible notes (the “Convertible Notes”), as discussedbelow, as well as fund the accelerated share repurchase program discussed in Note 15.2017 Credit FacilityOn August 4, 2017, the Company entered into a new credit facility (“2017 Credit Facility”). The 2017 Credit Facility matures on September 30, 2022 andcomprises a $600,000 senior secured revolving credit facility (“2017 Revolver”) and a $150,000 senior secured term loan (“2017 Term Loan”). TheCompany's previous credit facility (“2011 Credit Facility”) comprised a $500,000 senior secured revolving credit facility (“2011 Revolver”) and a $150,000senior secured incremental term loan (the “2011 Term Loan”) with a maturity date of September 30, 2018. On August 4, 2017, the outstanding balance on the2011 Revolver and the 2011 Term Loan of $240,000 and $123,750, respectively, was repaid utilizing borrowings from the 2017 Credit Facility.As of March 31, 2018, the Company had $135,500 outstanding on the 2017 Revolver and $150,000 under the 2017 Term Loan.The quarterly installments payable on the 2017 Term Loan are $1,875 beginning December 31, 2018, $2,813 beginning December 31, 2019 and $3,750beginning December 31, 2020 with a final payment of $105,000 on September 30, 2022. The 2017 Credit Facility may be increased by an aggregate amountof $325,000 in revolving commitments and /or one or more new tranches of term loans, under certain conditions. Both the 2017 Revolver and the 2017 TermLoan bear interest, at the Company's option, at a rate per annum equal to either (i) LIBOR plus between 1.25% and 2.00% (currently 1.25% and based on theCompany's consolidated net leverage ratio) or (ii) the Base Rate (which equals, for any day a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the highest of (a) the FederalFunds Effective Rate plus 0.50%, (b) Bank of America “Prime Rate” and (c) the Eurocurrency Base Rate plus 1%; provided that, if the Base Rate shall be lessthan zero, such rate shall be deemed zero). Obligations under the 2017 Credit Facility are secured by substantially all of the Company’s existing and futureacquired assets, including substantially all of the capital stock of the Company’s United States subsidiaries that are guarantors under the 2017 Credit Facilityand 65% of the capital stock of certain of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries that are owned by the Company’s United States subsidiaries.The current portion of the 2017 Term Loan of $3,750 is classified as long-term debt as the Company expects to refinance the future quarterly payments withrevolver borrowings under its 2017 Credit Facility.71Table of Contents2011 Credit FacilityAs discussed under the 2017 Credit Facility, the 2011 Credit Facility was repaid in full on August 4, 2017. There were no prepayment penalties on loansunder the 2011 Credit Facility. Both the revolving loan and the Term Loan under the 2011 Credit Facility bore interest, at the Company's option, at a rate perannum equal to either (i) LIBOR plus between 1.25% and 1.75% (1.25% at March 31, 2017, and based on the Company's consolidated net leverage ratio) or(ii) the Base Rate (which is the highest of (a) the Bank of America prime rate, and (b) the Federal Funds Effective Rate) plus between 0.25% and 0.75% (basedon the Company’s consolidated net leverage ratio).Senior Unsecured 3.375% Convertible NotesThe Company's 3.375% Convertible Notes, with an original face value of $172,500, were issued when the Company’s stock price was trading at $30.19 pershare. On May 7, 2015, the Company filed a notice of redemption for all of the Convertible Notes with a redemption date of June 8, 2015 at a price equal to$1,000.66 per $1,000 original principal amount of Convertible Notes, which is equal to 100% of the accreted principal amount of the Convertible Notesbeing repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest. Holders were permitted to convert their Convertible Notes at their option on or before June 5, 2015.Ninety-nine percent of the Convertible Notes holders exercised their conversion rights on or before June 5, 2015, pursuant to which, on July 17, 2015, theCompany paid $172,388, in aggregate, towards the principal balance including accreted interest, cash equivalent of fractional shares issued towardsconversion premium and settled the conversion premium by issuing, in the aggregate, 1,889,431 shares of the Company's common stock from its treasuryshares, thereby resulting in the extinguishment of all of the Convertible Notes as of that date. There was no impact to the income statement from theextinguishment as the fair value of the total settlement consideration transferred and allocated to the liability component approximated the carrying value ofthe Convertible Notes. The remaining consideration allocated to the equity component resulted in an adjustment to equity of $84,140. The amount of interest cost recognized for the amortization of the discount on the liability component of the Convertible Notes was $1,330 for the fiscal yearended March 31, 2016.Interest Rates on Long Term DebtThe weighted average interest rate on the long term debt at March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, was 3.7% and 3.3%, respectively.Interest PaidThe Company paid in cash, $23,527, $20,781 and $15,176, net of interest received, for interest during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016,respectively.CovenantsThe Company’s financing agreements contain various covenants, which, absent prepayment in full of the indebtedness and other obligations, or the receiptof waivers, would limit the Company’s ability to conduct certain specified business transactions including incurring debt, mergers, consolidations or similartransactions, buying or selling assets out of the ordinary course of business, engaging in sale and leaseback transactions, paying dividends and certain otheractions. The Company is in compliance with all such covenants.Short-Term DebtAs of March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had $18,341 and $18,359, respectively, of short-term borrowings from banks. The weighted-average interestrate on these borrowings was approximately 7% for both fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.Letters of CreditAs of March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had $3,074 and $2,189, respectively, of standby letters of credit.72Table of ContentsDebt Issuance CostsIn connection with the new 2017 Credit Facility, the Company incurred $2,677 in debt issuance costs and wrote off $301 of unamortized debt issuance costsrelated to the 2011 Credit Facility. Amortization expense, relating to debt issuance costs, included in interest expense was $1,302, $1,388, and $1,464 for thefiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization, totaled $5,965 and $4,891 as ofMarch 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.Available Lines of CreditAs of March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had available and undrawn, under all its lines of credit, $613,234 and $475,947, respectively, including$150,459 and $142,872, respectively, of uncommitted lines of credit as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017.9. LeasesThe Company’s future minimum lease payments under operating leases that have noncancelable terms in excess of one year as of March 31, 2018 are asfollows: 2019 $27,9242020 23,7902021 19,0182022 14,1552023 8,280Thereafter 12,321Total minimum lease payments $105,488Rental expense was $38,146, $35,991, and $34,590 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Certain operating leaseagreements contain renewal or purchase options and /or escalation clauses.10. Other LiabilitiesOther liabilities consist of the following: March 31, 2018 2017Tax Act - Transition Tax $89,700 $—Pension 44,404 42,930Warranty 27,965 25,521Deferred income 7,094 4,929Liability for uncertain tax benefits 1,684 1,562Other 10,240 8,659Total $181,087 $83,60173Table of Contents11. Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsRecurring Fair Value MeasurementsThe following tables represent the financial assets and (liabilities) measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017 andthe basis for that measurement: Total Fair ValueMeasurementMarch 31, 2018 Quoted Price inActive Marketsfor IdenticalAssets(Level 1) SignificantOtherObservableInputs(Level 2) SignificantUnobservableInputs(Level 3)Lead forward contracts $(3,877) $— $(3,877) $—Foreign currency forward contracts 22 — 22 —Total derivatives $(3,855) $— $(3,855) $— Total Fair ValueMeasurementMarch 31, 2017 Quoted Price inActive Marketsfor IdenticalAssets(Level 1) SignificantOtherObservableInputs(Level 2) SignificantUnobservableInputs(Level 3)Lead forward contracts $1,163 $— $1,163 $—Foreign currency forward contracts (313) — (313) —Total derivatives $850 $— $850 $—The fair values of lead forward contracts are calculated using observable prices for lead as quoted on the London Metal Exchange (“LME”) and, therefore,were classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy as described in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.The fair values for foreign currency forward contracts are based upon current quoted market prices and are classified as Level 2 based on the nature of theunderlying market in which these derivatives are traded.Financial InstrumentsThe fair values of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents approximate carrying value due to their short maturities and are classified as Level 1.The fair value of the Company’s short-term debt and borrowings under the new 2017 Credit Facility and the previous 2011 Credit Facility (each as defined inNote 8), approximate their respective carrying value, as they are variable rate debt and the terms are comparable to market terms as of the balance sheet datesand are classified as Level 2.The Company's Notes, with an original face value of $300,000, were issued in April 2015. The fair value of these Notes represent the trading values basedupon quoted market prices and are classified as Level 2. The Notes were trading at approximately 102% and 101% of face value on March 31, 2018 andMarch 31, 2017, respectively.74Table of ContentsThe carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s derivatives and Notes at March 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: March 31, 2018 March 31, 2017 CarryingAmount Fair Value CarryingAmount Fair Value Financial assets: Derivatives(1) $22 $22 $1,163 $1,163 Financial liabilities: Notes (2) 300,000 304,500 300,000 303,000 Derivatives(1) $3,877 $3,877 $313 $313 (1)Represents lead and foreign currency forward contracts (see Note 12 for asset and liability positions of the lead and foreign currency forward contractsat March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017).(2)The fair value amount of the Notes at March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017 represents the trading value of the instruments.Non-recurring fair value measurementsIn connection with the annual impairment testing conducted as of January 2, 2017 for fiscal 2017, indefinite-lived trademarks associated with Purcell US andPurcell EMEA were recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at $4,300 and $3,900, respectively, and the remeasurement resulted in an impairmentcharge of $700 and $1,100, respectively. In determining the fair value of these assets, the Company used royalty rates ranging between 1.3% - 2.5% based oncomparable market rates, and used discount rates ranging between 15.0% - 17.0%. The inputs used to measure the fair value of other intangible assets were largely unobservable and accordingly were also classified as Level 3. The fair valueof trademarks, is based on an estimate of the royalties saved that would have been paid to a third party had the Company not owned the trademark. The fairvalue of other indefinite-lived intangibles was estimated using the income approach, based on cash flow projections of revenue growth rates, taking intoconsideration industry and market conditions.12. Derivative Financial InstrumentsThe Company utilizes derivative instruments to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices and foreign exchange rates, under establishedprocedures and controls. The Company does not enter into derivative contracts for speculative purposes. The Company’s agreements are with creditworthyfinancial institutions and the Company anticipates performance by counterparties to these contracts and therefore no material loss is expected.Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging RelationshipsLead Forward ContractsThe Company enters into lead forward contracts to fix the price for a portion of its lead purchases. Management considers the lead forward contracts to beeffective against changes in the cash flows of the underlying lead purchases. The vast majority of such contracts are for a period not extending beyond oneyear. At March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company has hedged the price to purchase notional amounts of approximately 62.9 million pounds and 45.0 millionpounds of lead, respectively, for a total purchase price of $72,207 and $46,550, respectively.Foreign Currency Forward ContractsThe Company uses foreign currency forward contracts and options to hedge a portion of the Company’s foreign currency exposures for lead, as well as otherforeign currency exposures so that gains and losses on these contracts offset changes in the underlying foreign currency denominated exposures. The vastmajority of such contracts are for a period not extending beyond one year. As of March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had entered into a total of $54,164and $30,751, respectively, of such contracts.In the coming twelve months, the Company anticipates that $4,369 of net pretax loss relating to lead and foreign currency forward contracts will bereclassified from AOCI as part of cost of goods sold. This amount represents the current net75Table of Contentsunrealized impact of hedging lead and foreign exchange rates, which will change as market rates change in the future, and will ultimately be realized in theConsolidated Statements of Income as an offset to the corresponding actual changes in lead costs to be realized in connection with the variable lead cost andforeign exchange rates being hedged.Derivatives not Designated in Hedging RelationshipsForeign Currency Forward ContractsThe Company also enters into foreign currency forward contracts to economically hedge foreign currency fluctuations on intercompany loans and foreigncurrency denominated receivables and payables. These are not designated as hedging instruments and changes in fair value of these instruments are recordeddirectly in the Consolidated Statements of Income. As of March 31, 2018 and 2017, the notional amount of these contracts was $28,486 and $13,560,respectively.Presented below in tabular form is information on the location and amounts of derivative fair values in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and derivative gainsand losses in the Consolidated Statements of Income:Fair Value of Derivative InstrumentsMarch 31, 2018 and 2017 Derivatives and Hedging Activities Designated as CashFlow Hedges Derivatives and Hedging Activities Not Designated asHedging Instruments March 31, 2018 March 31, 2017 March 31, 2018 March 31, 2017Prepaid and other current assets Lead forward contracts $— $1,163 $— $—Foreign currency forward contracts 209 11 — —Total assets $209 $1,174 $— $—Accrued expenses Lead forward contracts $3,877 $— $— $—Foreign currency forward contracts — — 187 324Total liabilities $3,877 $— $187 $324The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Statements of IncomeFor the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges Pretax Gain (Loss)Recognized in AOCI onDerivative (EffectivePortion) Location of Gain(Loss) ReclassifiedfromAOCI into Income(Effective Portion) Pretax Gain (Loss)Reclassified from AOCI intoIncome (Effective Portion)Lead forward contracts $(805) Cost of goods sold $5,860Foreign currency forward contracts (3,524) Cost of goods sold (2,718)Total $(4,329) $3,142 Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging InstrumentsLocation of Gain (Loss)Recognized in Incomeon DerivativePretax Gain (Loss)Foreign currency forward contractsOther (income) expense, net$180Total $180 76Table of ContentsThe Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Statements of IncomeFor the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges Pretax Gain (Loss)Recognized in AOCI onDerivative (Effective Portion) Location of Gain(Loss) ReclassifiedfromAOCI into Income(Effective Portion) Pretax Gain (Loss)Reclassified from AOCI intoIncome (Effective Portion)Lead forward contracts $7,907 Cost of goods sold $5,803Foreign currency forward contracts 845 Cost of goods sold 433Total $8,752 $6,236 Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging InstrumentsLocation of Gain (Loss)Recognized in Incomeon DerivativePretax Gain (Loss)Foreign currency forward contractsOther (income) expense, net$(471)Total $(471) The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Statements of IncomeFor the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016 Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges Pretax Gain (Loss)Recognized in AOCI onDerivative (EffectivePortion) Location of Gain(Loss) ReclassifiedfromAOCI into Income(Effective Portion) Pretax Gain (Loss)Reclassified from AOCI intoIncome (Effective Portion)Lead forward contracts $(3,361) Cost of goods sold $(11,085)Foreign currency forward contracts (3,023) Cost of goods sold 3,941Total $(6,384) $(7,144) Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging InstrumentsLocation of Gain (Loss)Recognized in Incomeon DerivativePretax Gain (Loss)Foreign currency forward contractsOther (income) expense, net$(409)Total $(409)13. Income Taxes Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016Current income tax expense Current: Federal $115,315 $30,362 $29,082State 3,461 4,855 4,750Foreign 20,030 17,800 17,034Total current income tax expense 138,806 53,017 50,866Deferred income tax expense (benefit) Federal (9,551) 857 (3,706)State 789 590 124Foreign (11,551) 8 2,829Total deferred income tax expense (benefit) (20,313) 1,455 (753)Total income tax expense $118,493 $54,472 $50,11377Table of ContentsEarnings before income taxes consists of the following: Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016United States $74,440 $80,436 $64,235Foreign 163,886 132,259 117,702Earnings before income taxes $238,326 $212,695 $181,937Income taxes paid by the Company for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $28,044, $45,332 and $44,625, respectively.U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”) was enacted into law. Among the significant changes resulting from the law, the Tax Actreduces the U.S. federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on unrepatriatedcumulative non-U.S. earnings of foreign subsidiaries, and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. In accordance with ASC 740, “IncomeTaxes,” the Company is required to record the effects of tax law changes in the period enacted. As a result of the rate change in the Tax Act, the Company’sblended U.S. statutory tax rate for fiscal 2018 is 31.55%.As of March 31, 2018, the Company has not completed its accounting for the tax effects of enactment of the Tax Act; however, in certain cases, as describedbelow, the Company has made a reasonable estimate of the effects on existing deferred tax balances and the Transition Tax. The results for fiscal 2018contain estimates of the impact of the Tax Act as permitted by Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 “SAB 118” issued by the Securities and Exchange Commissionon December 22, 2017. These amounts are considered provisional and may be affected by future guidance, if and when issued.As a result of the Tax Act, the fiscal 2018 financial statements include a provisional net tax expense of $83,400 which is comprised of the following:Foreign tax effects: The Transition Tax is based on the Company's total post-1986 earnings and profits (“E&P”) that were previously deferred from U.S.income taxes. The Company recorded a provisional amount for the Transition Tax liability, resulting in an increase in income tax expense of $97,500; anincrease of $3,500 from the amount reported in the third quarter of fiscal 2018. The estimated Transition Tax of $97,500 is recorded under current income taxpayable and non-current income tax payable, at $7,800 and $89,700, respectively, and is payable over eight years. Further, the Transition Tax is based in parton the amount of those earnings held in cash and other specified assets. This amount may change when the Company finalizes both the calculation of post-1986 foreign E&P previously deferred from U.S. federal taxation and the amounts held in cash or other specified assets.Deferred tax assets and liabilities: The Company remeasured its deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the reduced U.S. federal income tax rate of 21%.However, the Company is still analyzing certain aspects of the Tax Act and refining its calculations, which could potentially affect the measurement of thesebalances or give rise to new deferred tax amounts. The provisional amount recorded related to the remeasurement of the Company's deferred tax balance was atax benefit of $14,100; a decrease of $606 from the amount reported in the third quarter of fiscal 2018.In all cases, the Company may adjust these provisional amounts which could potentially affect the measurement and impact on tax expense as the Companyrefines its calculations within a reasonable period not to exceed one year from the enactment date.78Table of ContentsThe following table sets forth the tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities: March 31, 2018 2017Deferred tax assets: Accounts receivable $1,790 $2,419Inventories 3,660 6,521Net operating loss carryforwards 50,928 46,178Accrued expenses 21,274 29,783Other assets 16,832 20,282Gross deferred tax assets 94,484 105,183Less valuation allowance (15,255) (27,053)Total deferred tax assets 79,229 78,130Deferred tax liabilities: Property, plant and equipment 21,045 24,319Other intangible assets 46,058 67,388Other liabilities 1,331 759Total deferred tax liabilities 68,434 92,466Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) $10,795 $(14,336)The Company has approximately $1,617 in United States federal net operating loss carryforwards, all of which are limited by Section 382 of the InternalRevenue Code, with expirations between 2023 and 2027. The Company has approximately $161,929 of foreign net operating loss carryforwards, of which$115,420 may be carried forward indefinitely and $46,509 expire between fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2034. In addition, the Company also has approximately$33,246 of state net operating loss carryforwards with expirations between fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2038.As of March 31, 2018 and 2017, the federal valuation allowance was $630 and $1,050, respectively. The decrease is due to the Tax Act rate change. As ofMarch 31, 2018 and 2017, the valuation allowance associated with the state tax jurisdictions was $895 and $705, respectively. As of March 31, 2018 and2017, the valuation allowance associated with certain foreign tax jurisdictions was $13,730 and $25,298, respectively. Of the net decrease of $11,568,$9,049 was recorded as a decrease to tax expense. The $9,049 net decrease to tax expense includes a decrease of $11,954 due to the reversal of previouslyrecognized deferred tax valuation allowances related to certain of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries, and an increase of $2,905 primarily related to netoperating loss carryforwards generated in the current year that the Company believes are not more likely than not to be realized. The remaining net decreaseof $2,519 is primarily related to foreign currency translation adjustments and an offset to adjustments to foreign net operating losses for which a fullvaluation allowance was recorded.79Table of ContentsA reconciliation of income taxes at the statutory rate (31.55% for fiscal 2018 and 35% for fiscal 2017 and 2016) to the income tax provision is as follows: Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016United States statutory income tax expense $75,196 $74,444 $63,678Increase (decrease) resulting from: Impact of Tax Act 83,400 — —State income taxes, net of federal effect 3,146 3,677 3,282Nondeductible expenses, domestic manufacturing deduction and other 1,078 1,993 (1,407)Legal proceedings charge - European Competition Investigations - See Note18 — 7,873 668Goodwill impairment - See Note 5 — 3,812 6,475Effect of foreign operations (35,048) (39,377) (28,845)Valuation allowance (9,279) 2,050 6,262Income tax expense $118,493 $54,472 $50,113The effective income tax rates for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were 49.7%, 25.6% and 27.5%, respectively. The effective incometax rate with respect to any period may be volatile based on the mix of income in the tax jurisdictions in which the Company operates and the amount of itsconsolidated income before taxes. The increase in the effective income tax rate in fiscal 2018 is primarily due to the Tax Act.In fiscal 2018, the foreign effective income tax rate on foreign pre-tax income of $163,886 was 5.2%. In fiscal 2017, the foreign effective income tax rate onforeign pre-tax income of $132,259 was 13.5% and in fiscal 2016, the foreign effective income tax rate on foreign pre-tax income of $117,702 was16.9%. The rate decrease in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017 is primarily due to the reversal of previously recognized deferred tax valuation allowancesrelated to certain of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries in fiscal 2018, decreases due to non-deductible goodwill impairment charges and non-deductiblelegal proceedings charge related to the European competition investigation in fiscal 2017, and changes in the mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions. Therate decrease in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016 is primarily due to changes in the mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions and a decrease in non-deductible goodwill impairment charges compared to fiscal 2016, partially offset by an increase in non-deductible legal proceedings charge relating to theEuropean competition investigation in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016.Income from the Company's Swiss subsidiary comprised a substantial portion of its overall foreign mix of income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018,2017 and 2016 and was taxed at approximately 8%, 5% and 7%, respectively.The Company has approximately $1,126,000 and $960,000 of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries for fiscal years 2018 and 2017, respectively. Noadditional income taxes have been provided for any remaining undistributed foreign earnings not subject to the Transition Tax, or any additional outsidebasis difference inherent in these entities, as these amounts continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations.80Table of ContentsUncertain Tax PositionsThe following table summarizes activity of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits: Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016Balance at beginning of year $1,450 $2,375 $4,112Increases related to current year tax positions 397 252 422Increases related to prior year tax positions 11 31 470Decreases related to prior tax positions due to foreign currency translation — (352) —Decreases related to prior year tax positions settled (1) (678) (2,315)Lapse of statute of limitations (289) (178) (314)Balance at end of year $1,568 $1,450 $2,375All of the balance of unrecognized tax benefits at March 31, 2018, if recognized, would be included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Incomeand have a favorable impact on both the Company’s net earnings and effective tax rate.The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various states and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, theCompany is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015.While the net effect on total unrecognized tax benefits cannot be reasonably estimated, approximately $480 is expected to reverse in fiscal 2019 due toexpiration of various statute of limitations.The Company recognizes tax related interest and penalties in income tax expense in its Consolidated Statements of Income. As of March 31, 2018 and 2017,the Company had an accrual of $116 and $112, respectively, for interest and penalties.14. Retirement PlansDefined Benefit PlansThe Company sponsors several retirement and pension plans covering eligible salaried and hourly employees. The Company uses a measurement date ofMarch 31 for its pension plans.Net periodic pension cost for fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, includes the following components: United States Plans International Plans Fiscal year ended March 31, Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016Service cost $— $371 $482 $1,025 $871 $820Interest cost 658 664 682 1,795 1,848 1,904Expected return on plan assets (496) (816) (855) (2,264) (1,875) (2,247)Amortization and deferral 303 453 481 1,468 978 1,249Curtailment loss — — 313 — — —Net periodic benefit cost $465 $672 $1,103 $2,024 $1,822 $1,72681Table of ContentsThe following table sets forth a reconciliation of the related benefit obligation, plan assets, and accrued benefit costs related to the pension benefits providedby the Company for those employees covered by defined benefit plans: United States Plans International Plans March 31, March 31, 2018 2017 2018 2017Change in projected benefit obligation Benefit obligation at the beginning of the period $16,682 $17,649 $74,478 $69,134Service cost — 371 1,025 871Interest cost 658 664 1,795 1,848Benefits paid, inclusive of plan expenses (1,037) (1,057) (2,153) (1,982)Plan curtailments and settlements — — (52) (17)Actuarial (gains) losses 410 (945) (2,705) 11,863Foreign currency translation adjustment — — 9,645 (7,239)Benefit obligation at the end of the period $16,713 $16,682 $82,033 $74,478Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at the beginning of the period $12,731 $11,839 $34,323 $32,314Actual return on plan assets 1,731 1,455 688 6,669Employer contributions 503 494 1,865 1,640Benefits paid, inclusive of plan expenses (1,037) (1,057) (2,153) (1,982)Plan curtailments and settlements — — (52) (17)Foreign currency translation adjustment — — 4,086 (4,301)Fair value of plan assets at the end of the period $13,928 $12,731 $38,757 $34,323Funded status deficit $(2,785) $(3,951) $(43,276) $(40,155) March 31, 2018 2017Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of: Noncurrent assets $— $46Accrued expenses (1,657) (1,222)Other liabilities (44,404) (42,930) $(46,061) $(44,106)82Table of ContentsThe following table represents pension components (before tax) and related changes (before tax) recognized in AOCI for the Company’s pension plans for theyears ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016: Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016Amounts recorded in AOCI before taxes: Prior service cost $(385) $(377) $(445)Net loss (27,762) (28,475) (26,628)Net amount recognized $(28,147) $(28,852) $(27,073) Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016Changes in plan assets and benefit obligations: New prior service cost $— $— $—Net loss (gain) arising during the year (1,953) 5,485 (988)Effect of exchange rates on amounts included in AOCI 3,019 (2,275) 142Amounts recognized as a component of net periodic benefit costs: Amortization of prior service cost (46) (42) (382)Amortization or settlement recognition of net loss (1,725) (1,389) (1,661)Total recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss $(705) $1,779 $(2,889)The amounts included in AOCI as of March 31, 2018 that are expected to be recognized as components of net periodic pension cost (before tax) during thenext twelve months are as follows: Prior service cost$(48)Net loss(1,483)Net amount expected to be recognized$(1,531) The accumulated benefit obligation related to all defined benefit pension plans and information related to unfunded and underfunded defined benefitpension plans at the end of each year are as follows: United States Plans International Plans March 31, March 31, 2018 2017 2018 2017All defined benefit plans: Accumulated benefit obligation $16,713 $16,682 $77,724 $70,801Unfunded defined benefit plans: Projected benefit obligation $— $— $33,124 $28,623Accumulated benefit obligation — — 31,270 27,220Defined benefit plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of the fair value ofplan assets: Projected benefit obligation $16,713 $16,682 $82,033 $73,920Fair value of plan assets 13,928 12,731 38,757 33,719Defined benefit plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of the fair valueof plan assets: Projected benefit obligation $16,713 $16,682 $81,253 $73,920Accumulated benefit obligation 16,713 16,682 77,021 70,281Fair value of plan assets 13,928 12,731 37,986 33,71983Table of ContentsAssumptionsSignificant assumptions used to determine the net periodic benefit cost for the U.S. and International plans were as follows: United States Plans International Plans Fiscal year ended March 31, Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016Discount rate 4.1% 3.9% 3.8% 1.5-3.5% 1.8-3.7% 1.25-3.4%Expected return on plan assets 6.8 7.0 7.0 3.6-6.3 3.3-6.5 3.2-6.5Rate of compensation increase N/A N/A N/A 1.5-4.0 1.5-4.0 1.5-3.75N/A = not applicableSignificant assumptions used to determine the projected benefit obligations for the U.S. and International plans were as follows: United States Plans International Plans March 31, March 31, 2018 2017 2018 2017Discount rate 3.9% 4.1% 1.4-3.3% 1.5-3.5%Rate of compensation increase N/A N/A 1.8-4.0 1.5-4.0 N/A = not applicableThe United States plans do not include compensation in the formula for determining the pension benefit as it is based solely on years of service.The expected long-term rate of return for the Company’s pension plan assets is based upon the target asset allocation and is determined using forwardlooking assumptions in the context of historical returns and volatilities for each asset class, as well as correlations among asset classes. The Companyevaluates the rate of return assumptions for each of its plans on an annual basis.Pension Plan Investment StrategyThe Company’s investment policy emphasizes a balanced approach to investing in securities of high quality and ready marketability. Investment flexibilityis encouraged so as not to exclude opportunities available through a diversified investment strategy.Equity investments are maintained within a target range of 40% - 75% of the total portfolio market value for the U.S. plans and with a target of approximately65% for international plans. Investments in debt securities include issues of various maturities, and the average quality rating of bonds should be investmentgrade with a minimum quality rating of “B” at the time of purchase.The Company periodically reviews the asset allocation of its portfolio. The proportion committed to equities, debt securities and cash and cash equivalents isa function of the values available in each category and risk considerations. The plan’s overall return will be compared to and is expected to meet or exceedestablished benchmark funds and returns over a three to five year period.The objectives of the Company’s investment strategies are: (a) the achievement of a reasonable long-term rate of total return consistent with an emphasis onpreservation of capital and purchasing power, (b) stability of annual returns through a portfolio that reflects a conservative mix of risk versus return, and(c) reflective of the Company’s willingness to forgo significantly above-average rewards in order to minimize above-average risks. These objectives may notbe met each year but should be attained over a reasonable period of time.84Table of ContentsThe following table represents the Company's pension plan investments measured at fair value as of March 31, 2018 and 2017 and the basis for thatmeasurement: March 31, 2018 United States Plans International Plans Total FairValueMeasurement Quoted PriceIn ActiveMarketsfor IdenticalAssets(Level 1) SignificantOtherObservableInputs(Level 2) SignificantUnobservableInputs(Level 3) Total FairValueMeasurement Quoted PriceIn ActiveMarketsfor IdenticalAssets(Level 1) SignificantOtherObservableInputs(Level 2) SignificantUnobservableInputs(Level 3)Asset category: Cash and cashequivalents $891 $891 $— $— $49 $49 $— $—Equity securities US(a) 9,864 9,864 — — — — — —International(b) — — — — 25,768 — 25,768 —Fixed income(c) 3,173 3,173 — — 12,940 — 12,940 —Total $13,928 $13,928 $— $— $38,757 $49 $38,708 $— March 31, 2017 United States Plans International Plans Total FairValueMeasurement Quoted PriceIn ActiveMarketsfor IdenticalAssets(Level 1) SignificantOtherObservableInputs(Level 2) SignificantUnobservableInputs(Level 3) TotalFair ValueMeasurement Quoted PriceIn ActiveMarketsfor IdenticalAssets(Level 1) SignificantOtherObservableInputs(Level 2) SignificantUnobservableInputs(Level 3)Asset category: Cash and cashequivalents $305 $305 $— $— $88 $88 $— $—Equity securities US(a) 8,363 8,363 — — — — — —International(b) 1,050 1,050 — — 22,727 — 22,727 —Fixed income(c) 3,013 3,013 — — 11,508 — 11,508 —Total $12,731 $12,731 $— $— $34,323 $88 $34,235 $—The fair values presented above were determined based on valuation techniques to measure fair value as discussed in Note 1. (a)US equities include companies that are well diversified by industry sector and equity style (i.e., growth and value strategies). Active and passivemanagement strategies are employed. Investments are primarily in large capitalization stocks and, to a lesser extent, mid- and small-cap stocks.(b)International equities are invested in companies that are traded on exchanges outside the U.S. and are well diversified by industry sector, country andequity style. Active and passive strategies are employed. The vast majority of the investments are made in companies in developed markets with asmall percentage in emerging markets.(c)Fixed income consists primarily of investment grade bonds from diversified industries.The Company expects to make cash contributions of approximately $2,590 to its pension plans in fiscal 2018.Estimated future benefit payments under the Company’s pension plans are as follows: 2019$3,03520202,88120213,43020223,51520233,952Years 2024-202823,06685Table of ContentsDefined Contribution PlanThe Company maintains defined contribution plans primarily in the U.S. and U.K. Eligible employees can contribute a portion of their pre-tax and/or after-tax income in accordance with plan guidelines and the Company will make contributions based on the employees’ eligible pay and /or will match apercentage of the employee contributions up to certain limits. Matching contributions charged to expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017and 2016 were $8,931, $7,447 and $6,730, respectively.15. Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling InterestsPreferred Stock and Common StockThe Company’s certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of up to 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Preferred Stock”).At March 31, 2018 and 2017, no shares of Preferred Stock were issued or outstanding. The Board of Directors of the Company has the authority to specify theterms of any Preferred Stock at the time of issuance.The following summarizes the change in the number of shares of common stock outstanding during fiscal years ended March 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018,respectively: Shares outstanding as of March 31, 201544,068,588Purchase of treasury stock(3,216,654)Shares issued from treasury stock to settle conversion premium on Convertible Notes1,889,431Shares issued under equity-based compensation plans, net of equity awards surrendered for option price and taxes448,137Shares outstanding as of March 31, 201643,189,502Shares issued under equity-based compensation plans, net of equity awards surrendered for option price and taxes258,034Shares outstanding as of March 31, 201743,447,536Purchase of treasury stock(1,756,831)Shares issued under equity-based compensation plans, net of equity awards surrendered for option price and taxes224,295Shares outstanding as of March 31, 201841,915,000Treasury StockIn fiscal 2018, the Company purchased 1,756,831 shares of its common stock for $121,191. Of the shares purchased, 1,495,714 were acquired through anaccelerated share repurchase program (“ASR”) for a total cash investment of $100,000 at an average price of $66.86. There were no repurchases of commonstock during fiscal 2017. In fiscal 2016, the Company purchased 3,216,654 shares of its common stock for $178,244. Of the shares purchased in fiscal 2016,2,961,444 were acquired through an ASR for a total cash investment of $166,392 at an average price of $56.19. At March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Companyheld 12,680,105 and 10,923,274 shares as treasury stock, respectively.Treasury Stock ReissuanceIn fiscal 2016, the Company settled the conversion premium on the Convertible Notes by issuing 1,889,431 shares from its treasury stock. The reissuance wasrecorded on a last-in, first-out method, and the difference between the repurchase cost and the fair value at reissuance was recorded as an adjustment tostockholders' equity.86Table of ContentsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”)The components of AOCI, net of tax, are as follows: BeginningBalance BeforeReclassifications Amount Reclassifiedfrom AOCI EndingBalanceMarch 31, 2018 Pension funded status adjustment $(25,555) $1,692 $1,360 $(22,503)Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments 1,975 (2,868) (2,532) (3,425)Foreign currency translation adjustment (129,244) 113,455 — (15,789)Accumulated other comprehensive loss $(152,824) $112,279 $(1,172) $(41,717)March 31, 2017 Pension funded status adjustment $(21,861) $(4,659) $965 $(25,555)Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments 388 5,523 (3,936) 1,975Foreign currency translation adjustment (75,876) (53,368) — (129,244)Accumulated other comprehensive loss $(97,349) $(52,504) $(2,971) $(152,824)March 31, 2016 Pension funded status adjustment $(23,719) $298 $1,560 $(21,861)Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments (95) (4,027) 4,510 388Foreign currency translation adjustment (85,161) 9,285 — (75,876)Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income $(108,975) $5,556 $6,070 $(97,349)The following table presents reclassifications from AOCI during the twelve months ended March 31, 2018:Components of AOCI Amounts Reclassified from AOCI Location of (Gain) Loss Recognized on Income StatementDerivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships: Net unrealized gain on derivative instruments $(3,142) Cost of goods soldTax expense 610 Net unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net of tax $(2,532) Defined benefit pension costs: Prior service costs and deferrals $1,771 Net periodic benefit cost, included in cost of goods soldand operating expenses - See Note 14Tax benefit (411) Net periodic benefit cost, net of tax $1,360 87Table of ContentsThe following table presents reclassifications from AOCI during the twelve months ended March 31, 2017:Components of AOCI Amounts Reclassified from AOCI Location of (Gain) Loss Recognized on Income StatementDerivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships: Net unrealized gain on derivative instruments $(6,236) Cost of goods soldTax expense 2,300 Net unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net of tax $(3,936) Defined benefit pension costs: Prior service costs and deferrals $1,431 Net periodic benefit cost, included in cost of goods soldand operating expenses - See Note 14Tax benefit (466) Net periodic benefit cost, net of tax $965 The following table presents reclassifications from AOCI during the twelve months ended March 31, 2016:Components of AOCI Amounts Reclassified fromAOCI Location of (Gain) Loss Recognized on Income StatementDerivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships: Net unrealized loss on derivative instruments $7,144 Cost of goods soldTax benefit (2,634) Net unrealized loss on derivative instruments, net of tax $4,510 Defined benefit pension costs: Prior service costs and deferrals $2,043 Net periodic benefit cost, included in cost of goods soldand operating expenses - See Note 14Tax benefit (483) Net periodic benefit cost, net of tax $1,560 Redeemable Noncontrolling InterestsThe following demonstrates the change in redeemable noncontrolling interests during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively: Balance as of March 31, 2015$6,956Net losses attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests(4,272)Redemption value adjustment4,272Other109Foreign currency translation adjustment(1,068)Balance as of March 31, 2016$5,997Net losses attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests(2,021)Deconsolidation of joint venture(4,035)Foreign currency translation adjustment59Balance as of March 31, 2017$—88Table of ContentsIn fiscal 2017, the Company deconsolidated its joint venture in South Africa and the impact of this deconsolidation was reflected in the ConsolidatedStatements of Income. As a result, the Company has no redeemable noncontrolling interest on its Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2018 and2017.16. Stock-Based CompensationAs of March 31, 2018, the Company maintains the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (“2017 EIP”). The 2017 EIP reserved 4,173,554 shares of common stock forthe grant of various classes of nonqualified stock options, restricted stock units, market share units and other forms of equity-based compensation. Sharessubject to any awards that expire without being exercised or that are forfeited or settled in cash shall again be available for future grants of awards under the2017 EIP. Shares subject to stock option or stock appreciation right awards, that have been retained by the Company in payment or satisfaction of theexercise price and any applicable tax withholding obligation of such awards, shall not be available for future grant under the 2017 EIP.As of March 31, 2018, 3,916,468 shares are available for future grants. The Company’s management equity incentive plans are intended to provide anincentive to employees and non-employee directors of the Company to remain in the service of the Company and to increase their interest in the success ofthe Company in order to promote the long-term interests of the Company. The plans seek to promote the highest level of performance by providing aneconomic interest in the long-term performance of the Company. The Company settles employee share-based compensation awards with newly issued shares.Stock OptionsDuring fiscal 2018, the Company granted to management and other key employees 169,703 non-qualified options that vest ratably over 3 years from the dateof grant. Options granted prior to fiscal 2018, as well as the options granted in fiscal 2018 expire 10 years from the date of grant.The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense relating to stock options of $2,741, with a related tax benefit of $700 for fiscal 2018, stock-based compensation expense of $1,705 with a related tax benefit of $457 for fiscal 2017 and stock-based compensation of $1,419 with a related tax benefit of$477 for fiscal 2016.For purposes of determining the fair value of stock options granted, the Company used a Black-Scholes Model with the following assumptions: 2018 20172016Risk-free interest rate 2.08% 1.41%1.79%Dividend yield 0.84% 1.22%1.02%Expected life (years) 6 66Volatility 29.18% 30.4%32.75%89Table of ContentsThe following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity in the years indicated: Number ofOptions Weighted-AverageRemainingContractTerm (Years) Weighted-AverageExercisePrice AggregateIntrinsicValueOptions outstanding as of March 31, 2015 102,817 7.0 $55.86 $1,291Granted 127,966 68.40 —Exercised (11,986) 14.64 639Expired (8,500) 13.76 437Options outstanding as of March 31, 2016 210,297 8.5 $67.54 $218Granted 242,068 57.60 —Exercised (263) 18.25 12Expired (434) 18.25 15Options outstanding as of March 31, 2017 451,668 8.4 $62.29 $7,520Granted 169,703 83.14 —Exercised (62,197) 63.44 1,132Forfeited (11,495) 70.22 75Expired (2,089) 18.25 137Options outstanding as of March 31, 2018 545,590 8.0 $68.65 $2,679Options exercisable as of March 31, 2018 183,347 7.2 $65.11 $806Options vested and expected to vest, as of March 31, 2018 537,237 8.0 $68.56 $2,644The following table summarizes information regarding stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2018: Range of Exercise Prices Number ofOptions Weighted-AverageRemainingContractual Life (Years) Weighted-AverageExercise Price$55.00-$60.00 218,405 8.1 $57.60$65.01-$70.00 163,160 6.8 $68.86$80.01-$83.14 164,025 9.1 $83.14 545,590 8.0 $68.65 Restricted Stock Units and Market Share UnitsIn fiscal 2018, the Company granted to non-employee directors 33,408 deferred restricted stock units at the fair value of $46.24 per restricted stock unit at thedate of grant. In fiscal 2017, such grants amounted to 25,708 restricted stock units at the fair value of $69.97 per restricted stock unit at the date of grant andin fiscal 2016, such grants amounted to 28,970 restricted stock units at the fair value of $55.32 per restricted stock unit at the date of grant. The awards vestimmediately upon the date of grant and are settled in shares of common stock six months after termination of service as a director.In fiscal 2018, the Company also granted to non-employee directors, 1,345 restricted stock units and in fiscal 2017 and 2016, granted 1,239 and 565restricted stock units, respectively, at fair values of $73.39, $65.88 and $62.62, for fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, under the deferred compensationplan.In fiscal 2018, the Company granted to management and other key employees 161,229 restricted stock units at the fair value of $83.14 per restricted stockunit and 60,187 performance market share units at a weighted average fair value of $105.74 per unit at the date of grant.90Table of ContentsIn fiscal 2017, the Company granted to management and other key employees 237,358 restricted stock units at the fair value of $57.60 per restricted stockunit and 83,720 performance market share units at a weighted average fair value of $70.79 per market share unit at the date of grant.In fiscal 2016, the Company granted to management and other key employees 120,287 restricted stock units at a fair value of $68.40 per restricted stock unitand 212,635 market share units at a weighted average fair value of $59.94 per market share unit at the date of grant.For purposes of determining the fair value of performance market share units granted in fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, and market share units in fiscal 2016, theCompany used a Monte Carlo Simulation with the following assumptions: 2018 2017 2016Risk-free interest rate 1.57% 0.94% 1.00%Dividend yield —% —% —%Expected life (years) 3 3 3Volatility 27.49% 31.74% 25.52%A summary of the changes in restricted stock units, performance market share units and market share units awarded to employees and directors that wereoutstanding under the Company’s equity compensation plans during fiscal 2018 is presented below: Restricted Stock Units (RSU) Performance Market Share Units and Market ShareUnits (MSU) Number ofRSU Weighted-AverageGrant DateFair Value Number ofMSU Weighted-AverageGrant DateFair ValueNon-vested awards as of March 31, 2017 600,275 $51.96 449,141 $65.41Granted 195,982 74.78 60,187 105.74Stock dividend 6,203 56.99 3,451 70.19Performance factor — — 13 83.92Vested (151,458) 60.36 (142,426) 70.21Canceled (17,251) 68.77 (20,430) 69.10Non-vested awards as of March 31, 2018 633,751 $56.60 349,936 $70.22The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense relating to restricted stock units and market share units of $16,712, with a related tax benefit of$3,325 for fiscal 2018, $17,480, with a related tax benefit of $4,210 for fiscal 2017 and $18,184, with a related tax benefit of $4,446 for fiscal 2016.All Award PlansAs of March 31, 2018, unrecognized compensation expense associated with the non-vested equity awards outstanding was $35,772 and is expected to berecognized over a weighted-average period of 22 months.91Table of Contents17. Earnings Per ShareThe following table sets forth the reconciliation from basic to diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and the calculations of netearnings per common share attributable to EnerSys stockholders. Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016Net earnings attributable to EnerSys stockholders $119,594 $160,214 $136,150Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding: Basic 42,612,036 43,389,333 44,276,713Dilutive effect of: Common shares from exercise and lapse of equity awards, net of shares assumedreacquired 507,820 623,210 644,036Convertible Notes — — 553,381Diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding 43,119,856 44,012,543 45,474,130Basic earnings per common share attributable to EnerSys stockholders $2.81 $3.69 $3.08Diluted earnings per common share attributable to EnerSys stockholders $2.77 $3.64 $2.99Anti-dilutive equity awards not included in diluted weighted-average commonshares 59,482 1,295 —In fiscal 2016, the Company paid $172,388, in aggregate, towards the principal balance of the Convertible Notes, including accreted interest, cash equivalentof fractional shares issued towards conversion premium and settled the conversion premium by issuing, in the aggregate, 1,889,431 shares of its commonstock, which were included in the diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the period prior to the extinguishment.18. Commitments, Contingencies and LitigationLitigation and Other Legal MattersIn the ordinary course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries are routinely defendants in or parties to pending and threatened legal actions andproceedings, including actions brought on behalf of various classes of claimants. These actions and proceedings are generally based on alleged violations ofenvironmental, anticompetition, employment, contract and other laws. In some of these actions and proceedings, claims for substantial monetary damages areasserted against the Company and its subsidiaries. In the ordinary course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries are also subject to regulatory andgovernmental examinations, information gathering requests, inquiries, investigations, and threatened legal actions and proceedings. In connection withformal and informal inquiries by federal, state, local and foreign agencies, the Company and its subsidiaries receive numerous requests, subpoenas and ordersfor documents, testimony and information in connection with various aspects of their activities.European Competition InvestigationsCertain of the Company’s European subsidiaries had received subpoenas and requests for documents and, in some cases, interviews from, and have had on-site inspections conducted by the competition authorities of Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands relating to conduct and anticompetitive practices ofcertain industrial battery participants.The Company settled the Belgian regulatory proceeding in February 2016 by acknowledging certain anticompetitive practices and conduct and agreeing topay a fine of $1,962, which was paid in March 2016. As of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, the Company had a reserve balance of $2,326 and $1,830,respectively, relating to certain ancillary matters associated with the Belgian regulatory proceeding. The change in the reserve balance between March 31,2018 and March 31, 2017 was due to foreign currency translation impact.In June 2017, the Company settled a portion of its previously disclosed proceeding involving the German competition authority relating to conductinvolving the Company's motive power battery business and agreed to pay a fine of $14,811, which was paid92Table of Contentsin July 2017. As of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, the Company had a reserve balance of $0 and $13,463, respectively, relating to this matter. Also inJune 2017, the German competition authority issued a fining decision related to the Company's reserve power battery business, which constitutes theremaining portion of the previously disclosed German proceeding. The Company is appealing this decision, including payment of the proposed fine of$12,322, and believes that the reserve power matter does not, based on current facts and circumstances known to management, require an accrual. TheCompany is not required to escrow any portion of this fine during the appeal process.In July 2017, the Company settled the Dutch regulatory proceeding and agreed to pay a fine of $11,229, which was paid in August 2017. As of March 31,2018 and March 31, 2017, the Company had a reserve balance of $0 and $10,258, respectively, relating to the Dutch regulatory proceeding.As of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, the Company had a total reserve balance of $2,326 and $25,551, respectively, in connection with theseinvestigations and other related legal matters, included in accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The foregoing estimate of losses is basedupon currently available information for these proceedings. However, the precise scope, timing and time period at issue, as well as the final outcome of theinvestigations or customer claims, remain uncertain. Accordingly, the Company’s estimate may change from time to time, and actual losses could vary.Environmental IssuesAs a result of its operations, the Company is subject to various federal, state and local, as well as international environmental laws and regulations and isexposed to the costs and risks of registering, handling, processing, storing, transporting, and disposing of hazardous substances, especially lead and acid. TheCompany’s operations are also subject to federal, state, local and international occupational safety and health regulations, including laws and regulationsrelating to exposure to lead in the workplace.The Company is responsible for certain cleanup obligations at the former Yuasa battery facility in Sumter, South Carolina that predates its ownership of thisfacility. This manufacturing facility was closed in 2001 and the Company established a reserve for this facility which was $1,109 and $1,123 as of March 31,2018 and 2017, respectively. Based on current information, the Company’s management believes this reserve is adequate to satisfy the Company’senvironmental liabilities at this facility. This facility is separate from the Company’s current metal fabrication facility in Sumter.Collective BargainingAt March 31, 2018, the Company had approximately 9,600 employees. Of these employees, approximately 27% were covered by collective bargainingagreements. Employees covered by collective bargaining agreements that did not exceed twelve months were approximately 6% of the total workforce. Theaverage term of these agreements is 2 years, with the longest term being 3 years. The Company considers its employee relations to be good and did notexperience any significant labor unrest or disruption of production during fiscal 2018.Lead and Foreign Currency Forward ContractsTo stabilize its lead costs and reduce volatility from currency movements, the Company enters into contracts with financial institutions. The vast majority ofsuch contracts are for a period not extending beyond one year. Please refer to Note 12 - Derivative Financial Instruments for more details.OtherThe Company has various purchase and capital commitments incidental to the ordinary conduct of business. In the aggregate, such commitments are not atprices in excess of current market.93Table of Contents19. Restructuring and Other Exit ChargesRestructuring PlansDuring fiscal 2013, the Company announced a restructuring related to improving the efficiency of its manufacturing operations in EMEA. This program wascompleted during the third quarter of fiscal 2016. Total charges for this program were $6,895, primarily for cash expenses of $5,496 for employee severance-related payments of approximately 140 employees and non-cash expenses of $1,399 associated with the write-off of certain fixed assets and inventory. TheCompany incurred $5,207 of costs against the accrual through fiscal 2015, and incurred $271 in costs against the accrual during fiscal 2016.During fiscal 2014, the Company announced further restructuring programs to improve the efficiency of its manufacturing, sales and engineering operationsin EMEA including the restructuring of its manufacturing operations in Bulgaria. The restructuring of the Bulgaria operations was announced during thethird quarter of fiscal 2014 and consisted of the transfer of motive power and a portion of reserve power battery manufacturing to the Company's facilities inWestern Europe. This program was completed during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016. Total charges for this program were $22,930 primarily for cashexpenses of $11,996 for employee severance-related payments of approximately 500 employees and other charges and non-cash expenses of $10,934associated with the write-off of certain fixed assets and inventory. The Company recorded restructuring charges of $22,115 through fiscal 2015, consisting ofnon-cash charges of $10,934 and cash charges of $11,181 and recorded an additional $1,229 in cash charges and a favorable accrual adjustment of $414during fiscal 2016. The Company incurred $9,737 of costs against the accrual through fiscal 2015, and incurred $2,068 in costs against the accrual duringfiscal 2016.During the third quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company announced a restructuring related to its manufacturing facility located in Jiangdu, the People’s Republicof China (“PRC”), pursuant to which the Company completed the transfer of the manufacturing at that location to its other facilities in PRC, as part of theclosure of the Jiangdu facility in the first quarter of fiscal 2016. This program was completed during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016. Total charges for thisprogram were $5,291 primarily for cash expenses of $4,893 for employee severance-related payments of approximately 300 employees and other charges andnon-cash expenses of $398. The Company recorded cash restructuring charges of $3,870 during fiscal 2015 and recorded an additional $1,023 in cashcharges and $398 in non-cash charges during fiscal 2016. The Company incurred $1,874 of costs against the accrual through fiscal 2015, and incurred$2,970 in costs against the accrual during fiscal 2016.During fiscal 2015, the Company announced a restructuring primarily related to a portion of its sales and engineering organizations in Europe to improveefficiencies. This program was completed during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016. Total charges for this program were $804 for cash expenses for employeeseverance-related payments of approximately 15 employees. The Company recorded cash restructuring charges of $450 during fiscal 2015 and recorded anadditional $354 during fiscal 2016. The Company incurred $193 of costs against the accrual through fiscal 2015, and incurred $698 in costs against theaccrual during fiscal 2016.During the first quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company completed a restructuring related to a reduction of two executives associated with one of Americas’recent acquisitions to improve efficiencies. The Company recorded total severance-related charges of $570, all of which was paid during the first quarter offiscal 2016, primarily per the terms of a pre-existing employee agreement.During fiscal 2016, the Company announced restructurings to improve efficiencies primarily related to its motive power assembly and distribution center inItaly and its sales and administration organizations in EMEA. In addition, the Company announced a further restructuring related to its manufacturingoperations in Europe. The program was completed during the third quarter of fiscal 2018. Total charges for this program were $6,568, primarily for cashexpenses of $6,161 for employee severance payments of approximately 130 employees and other charges of $407. In fiscal 2016, 2017 and 2018, theCompany recorded restructuring charges of $5,232, $1,251 and $85, respectively. In fiscal 2016, 2017 and 2018 the Company incurred costs against theaccrual of $2,993, $3,037 and $499, respectively.During fiscal 2016, the Company announced a restructuring related to improving the efficiency of its manufacturing operations in the Americas. Theprogram, which was completed during the first quarter of fiscal 2017, consisted of closing its Cleveland, Ohio charger manufacturing facility and the transferof charger production to other Americas manufacturing facilities. The total charges for all actions associated with this program amounted to $2,379, primarilyfrom cash charges for employee severance-related payments and other charges of $1,043, along with a pension curtailment charge of $313 and non-cashcharges related to the accelerated depreciation of fixed assets of $1,023. The program resulted in the reduction of approximately 100 employees at itsCleveland facility. In fiscal 2016, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $1,488 including a pension curtailment charge of $313 and non-cashcharges of $305 and recorded an additional $174 in cash charges and $718 in non-cash charges94Table of Contentsduring the first quarter of fiscal 2017. The Company incurred $119 in costs against the accrual in fiscal 2016 and incurred an additional $924 against theaccrual during the first quarter of fiscal 2017.During fiscal 2017, the Company announced restructuring programs to improve efficiencies primarily related to its motive power production in EMEA. TheCompany estimates that the total charges for these actions will amount to approximately $4,700, primarily from cash charges for employee severance-relatedpayments and other charges. The Company estimates that these actions will result in the reduction of approximately 45 employees upon completion. Duringfiscal 2017, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $3,104 and an additional $1,610 during fiscal 2018. The Company incurred $749 in costs againstthe accrual in fiscal 2017 and an additional $2,403 during fiscal 2018. As of March 31, 2018, the reserve balance associated with these actions is $1,790. TheCompany does not expect to be committed to additional restructuring charges related to this action, which is expected to be completed in fiscal 2019.During fiscal 2017, the Company announced restructurings primarily to complete the transfer of equipment and clean-up of its manufacturing facility locatedin Jiangdu, the People’s Republic of China, which stopped production during the first quarter of fiscal 2016. This program was completed during the fourthquarter of fiscal 2018. The total cash charges for these actions amounted to $991. During fiscal 2017, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $779and an additional $212 during fiscal 2018. The Company incurred $648 in costs against the accrual in fiscal 2017 and an additional $341 during fiscal 2018.During fiscal 2018, the Company announced restructuring programs to improve efficiencies primarily related to supply chain, manufacturing and generaloperations in EMEA. The Company estimates that the total charges for these actions will amount to approximately $7,400, primarily from cash charges foremployee severance-related payments and other charges. The Company estimates that these actions will result in the reduction of approximately 85employees upon completion. During fiscal 2018, the Company recorded non-cash restructuring charges of $69 and cash charges of $2,260 and incurred$1,350 in costs against the accrual. As of March 31, 2018, the reserve balance associated with these actions is $911. The Company expects to be committedto an additional $5,100 in restructuring charges related to this action, which it expects to complete in fiscal 2020.During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company completed the sale of its Cleveland, Ohio facility and recorded a non-cash loss on the sale of thebuilding of $210 and other cash charges of $75. The Cleveland facility ceased charger production in fiscal 2017.During fiscal 2018, the Company announced a restructuring program to improve efficiencies of its general operations in the Americas. The Companyestimates that the total charges for these actions will amount to approximately $1,000, from cash charges for employee severance-related payments toapproximately 60 salaried employees. During fiscal 2018, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $960 and incurred $755 in costs against theaccrual. As of March 31, 2018, the reserve balance associated with this action is $208. The Company expects to complete this action in fiscal 2019.A roll-forward of the restructuring reserve is as follows: EmployeeSeverance Other TotalBalance at March 31, 2015 $2,966 $854 $3,820Accrued 8,859 419 9,278Accrual adjustments — (414) (414)Costs incurred (8,817) (872) (9,689)Foreign currency impact and other (44) 38 (6)Balance at March 31, 2016 $2,964 $25 $2,989Accrued 4,566 742 5,308Costs incurred (4,754) (604) (5,358)Foreign currency impact and other (108) (19) (127)Balance at March 31, 2017 $2,668 $144 $2,812Accrued 4,757 445 5,202Costs incurred (4,849) (574) (5,423)Foreign currency impact and other 317 1 318Balance at March 31, 2018 $2,893 $16 $2,90995Table of ContentsOther Exit ChargesDuring fiscal 2018, the Company wrote off $3,457 of inventories, relating to the closing of its Cleveland, Ohio charger manufacturing facility, which isreported in cost of goods sold.During fiscal 2017, the Company recorded exit charges of $3,292 related to the South Africa joint venture, consisting of cash charges of $2,575 primarilyrelating to severance and non-cash charges of $717. Included in the non-cash charges are $2,157 relating to the inventory adjustment which is reported incost of goods sold, partially offset by a credit of $1,099 relating to a change in estimate of contract losses and a $341 gain on deconsolidation of the jointventure. Weakening of the general economic environment in South Africa, reflecting the limited growth in the mining industry, affected the joint venture’sability to compete effectively in the marketplace and consequently, the Company initiated an exit plan in consultation with its joint venture partner in thesecond quarter of fiscal 2017. The joint venture is currently under liquidation, which resulted in a loss of control and deconsolidation of the joint venture.The impact of the deconsolidation has been reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income and was deemed not material.During fiscal 2016, the Company recorded exit charges of $3,098 related to certain operations in Europe.20. WarrantyThe Company provides for estimated product warranty expenses when the related products are sold, with related liabilities included within accrued expensesand other liabilities. As warranty estimates are forecasts that are based on the best available information, primarily historical claims experience, claims costsmay ultimately differ from amounts provided. An analysis of changes in the liability for product warranties is as follows: Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016Balance at beginning of year $46,116 $48,422 $39,810Current year provisions 21,706 17,852 19,735Costs incurred (18,820) (15,945) (13,998)Foreign currency translation adjustment 1,600 (4,213) 2,875Balance at end of year $50,602 $46,116 $48,42221. Other (Income) Expense, NetOther (income) expense, net consists of the following: Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016Foreign exchange transaction losses (gains) $5,499 $(662) $5,425Other 556 1,631 294Total $6,055 $969 $5,71996Table of Contents22. Business SegmentsSummarized financial information related to the Company’s reportable segments at March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 and for each of the fiscal years thenended is shown below. Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016Net sales by segment to unaffiliated customers Americas $1,429,888 $1,332,353 $1,276,027EMEA 849,420 763,013 787,402Asia 302,583 271,783 252,820Total net sales $2,581,891 $2,367,149 $2,316,249Net sales by product line Reserve power $1,247,900 $1,142,327 $1,109,154Motive power 1,333,991 1,224,822 1,207,095Total net sales $2,581,891 $2,367,149 $2,316,249Intersegment sales Americas $29,513 $26,039 $32,984EMEA 133,164 93,150 78,812Asia 23,375 22,584 23,590Total intersegment sales(1) $186,052 $141,773 $135,386Operating earnings Americas $189,001 $191,500 $182,774EMEA 76,672 76,425 75,666Asia 12,647 14,994 570Inventory adjustment relating to exit activities—Americas (3,457) — —Inventory adjustment relating to exit activities—EMEA — (2,157) —Restructuring charges—Americas (1,246) (892) (2,058)Restructuring and other exit charges—EMEA (4,023) (5,487) (9,501)Restructuring charges—Asia (212) (781) (1,419)Impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles—Americas — (9,346) (32,999)Impairment of goodwill, indefinite-lived intangibles and fixed assets—EMEA — (4,670) (3,253)Reversal of legal accrual, net of fees—Americas — — 799Legal proceedings charge—EMEA — (23,725) (4,000)Gain on sale of facility—Asia — — 3,420Total operating earnings(2) $269,382 $235,861 $209,999Property, plant and equipment, net Americas $210,998 $190,169 $177,720EMEA 118,263 100,042 112,839Asia 60,999 58,338 66,850Total $390,260 $348,549 $357,409Capital Expenditures Americas $46,905 $34,809 $39,127EMEA 18,392 13,733 12,625Asia 4,535 1,530 4,128Total $69,832 $50,072 $55,880Depreciation and Amortization Americas $30,421 $30,204 $31,070EMEA 16,198 15,693 16,337Asia 7,698 8,048 8,587Total $54,317 $53,945 $55,994 (1)Intersegment sales are presented on a cost-plus basis which takes into consideration the effect of transfer prices between legal entities.97Table of Contents(2)The Company does not allocate interest expense or other (income) expense, net, to the reportable segments.The Company markets its products and services in over 100 countries. Sales are attributed to countries based on the location of sales order approval andacceptance. Sales to customers in the United States were 49.2%, 50.0% and 51.0% for fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.Property, plant and equipment, net, attributable to the United States as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, were $176,144 and $156,828, respectively. No singlecountry, outside the United States, accounted for more than 5% of the consolidated net sales or net property, plant and equipment and, therefore, was deemednot material for separate disclosure.23. Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)The Company reports interim financial information for 13-week periods, except for the first quarter, which always begins on April 1, and the fourth quarter,which always ends on March 31. The four quarters in fiscal 2018 ended on July 2, 2017, October 1, 2017, December 31, 2017, and March 31, 2018,respectively. The four quarters in fiscal 2017 ended on July 3, 2016, October 2, 2016, January 1, 2017, and March 31, 2017, respectively. 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter Fiscal YearFiscal year ended March 31, 2018 Net sales $622,625 $617,289 $658,935 $683,042 $2,581,891Gross profit 163,097 159,874 166,965 167,004 656,940Operating earnings(1)(3) 69,611 63,990 68,440 67,341 269,382Net earnings (loss)(8) 48,322 43,151 (25,779) 54,139 119,833Net earnings (loss) attributable to EnerSysstockholders 48,201 43,222 (25,847) 54,018 119,594Net earnings (loss) per common shareattributable to EnerSys stockholders—basic $1.11 $1.01 $(0.61) $1.29 $2.81Net earnings (loss) per common shareattributable to EnerSys stockholders—diluted $1.09 $1.00 $(0.61) $1.27 $2.77Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 Net sales $600,603 $576,048 $563,697 $626,801 $2,367,149Gross profit 166,334 161,295 155,884 167,112 650,625Operating earnings(2)(4)(5)(6)(7) 66,032 62,909 55,023 51,897 235,861Net earnings 44,619 42,793 37,095 33,716 158,223Net earnings attributable to EnerSysstockholders 44,573 45,636 36,235 33,770 160,214Net earnings per common share attributable toEnerSys stockholders—basic $1.03 $1.05 $0.83 $0.78 $3.69Net earnings per common share attributable toEnerSys stockholders—diluted $1.02 $1.04 $0.82 $0.76 $3.64 (1)Included in Operating earnings were inventory adjustment relating to exit activities of $3,457 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018.(2)Included in Operating earnings were inventory adjustment relating to exit activities of $2,659 and $(502) in the second and third quarters of fiscal2017, respectively.(3)Included in Operating earnings were restructuring and other exit charges of $833, $1,776, $1,808 and $1,064 for the first, second, third and fourthquarters of fiscal 2018, respectively.(4)Included in Operating earnings were restructuring and other exit charges of $1,297, $4,893, $(1,153) and $2,123 for the first, second, third and fourthquarters of fiscal 2017, respectively.(5)Included in Operating earnings for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 was a charge relating to the impairment of goodwill for $12,216.(6)Included in Operating earnings for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 was a charge relating to the impairment of indefinite-lived intangibles for $1,800.98Table of Contents(7)Included in Operating earnings were legal proceedings charge of $17,000 and $6,725 for the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2017, respectively.(8)Included in net earnings (loss) was tax expense of $77,347 and $4,106 for the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2018, respectively, on account of theTax Act.24. Subsequent EventsOn May 16, 2018, the Company announced the payment of a quarterly cash dividend of $0.175 per share of common stock to be paid on June 29, 2018, tostockholders of record as of June 15, 2018.99Table of ContentsSCHEDULE IIEnerSysValuation and Qualifying Accounts(In Thousands)Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Balance at Beginning of Period Additions Charged to Expense Write-Offs netof recoveries Other(1) Balance at End of PeriodAllowance for doubtful accounts: Fiscal year ended March 31, 2016 $7,562 $4,749 $(649) $(269) $11,393Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 11,393 1,794 (173) (352) 12,662Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 12,662 822 (1,400) 559 12,643Tax Valuation Allowance Balance at Beginning of Period Additions Charged to Expense ValuationAllowanceReversal Other(1) (2) Balance at End of PeriodDeferred tax asset—valuation allowance: Fiscal year ended March 31, 2016 $20,063 $6,670 $(361) $(956) $25,416Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 25,416 4,305 (2,255) (413) 27,053Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 27,053 4,853 (14,132) (2,519) 15,255(1)Primarily the impact of currency changes.(2)In fiscal 2018, “Other” also included an offset to adjustments to foreign net operating losses for which a full valuation allowance was recorded.100Table of ContentsITEM 9.CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURENone.ITEM 9A.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief FinancialOfficer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) underthe Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, theCompany’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls andprocedures are effective.(b) Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term isdefined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year to which this report relates that have materiallyaffected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.The report called for by Item 308(a) of Regulation S-K is included herein as “Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.”Management Report on Internal Control over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. With the participation of the ChiefExecutive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reportingbased on the framework and criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of theTreadway Commission (2013 framework).Based on this evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of March 31, 2018.The attestation report called for by Item 308(b) of Registration S-K is included herein as “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm,” whichappears in Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. /s/ David M. Shaffer /s/ Michael J. SchmidtleinDavid M. ShafferChief Executive Officer Michael J. SchmidtleinChief Financial OfficerITEM 9B.OTHER INFORMATIONNot applicable.101Table of ContentsPART IIIITEM 10.DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCEThe information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the sections entitled “Board of Directors,” “Executive Officers,” “Section 16(a)Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” “Corporate Governance—Independence of Directors,” “Corporate Governance—Process for Selection ofDirector Nominee Candidates,” “Audit Committee Report,” and “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Employment of Related Parties” of theCompany’s definitive proxy statement for its 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) to be filed no later than 120 days after the fiscalyear end.We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our officers, directors and employees (including our Chief Executive Officer,Chief Financial Officer, and Corporate Controller) and have posted the Code on our website at www.enersys.com, and a copy is available in print to anystockholder who requires a copy. If we waive any provision of the Code applicable to any director, our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, andCorporate Controller, such waiver will be promptly disclosed to the Company’s stockholders through the Company’s website.ITEM 11.EXECUTIVE COMPENSATIONThe information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the sections entitled “Corporate Governance—Compensation Committee” and“Executive Compensation” of the Proxy Statement”) to be filed no later than 120 days after the fiscal year end.ITEM 12.SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERSThe information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the section entitled “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners andManagement” of the Proxy Statement to be filed no later than 120 days after the fiscal year end. Equity Compensation Plan InformationPlan Category Number ofsecurities to beissued uponexercise ofoutstandingoptions,warrantsand rights(a) Weighted-averageexercise price ofoutstanding options,warrants and rights(b) Number ofsecuritiesremaining availablefor future issuanceunder equitycompensation plans(excludingsecurities reflectedin column (a))(c)Equity compensation plans approved by security holders 1,877,814 (1) $68.56 (2) 3,916,468Equity compensation plans not approved by securityholders — — —Total 1,877,814 $68.56 3,916,468 (1)Assumes a 200% payout of market share units and performance market share units.(2)Awards of restricted stock units, market share units, performance market share units and deferred stock units and stock units held in both the EnerSysVoluntary Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors and the EnerSys Voluntary Deferred Compensation Plan for Executives were notincluded in calculating the weighted-average exercise price as they will be settled in shares of common stock for no consideration.ITEM 13.CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCEThe information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the sections entitled “Corporate Governance,” and “Certain Relationships andRelated Transactions” of the Proxy Statement to be filed no later than 120 days after the fiscal year end.102Table of ContentsITEM 14.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICESThe information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the section entitled “Audit Committee Report” of the Proxy Statement to be filed nolater than 120 days after the fiscal year end.103Table of ContentsPART IVITEM 15.EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Report:(1) Consolidated Financial StatementsSee Index to Consolidated Financial Statements.(2) Financial Statement ScheduleThe following consolidated financial statement schedule should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements (see Item 8. “FinancialStatements and Supplementary Data:”): Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts.All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is contained in the consolidated financial statements or notesthereto.(b) The following documents are filed herewith as exhibits: Exhibit Number Description of Exhibit3.1 Fifth Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Amendment No. 3 to EnerSys"’ RegistrationStatement on Form S-1 (File No. 001-32253) filed on February 6, 2013). 3.2 Third Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibits 3.1 to EnerSys’ Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-32253) filed on August 3, 2016). 4.1 Indenture, dated as of April 23, 2015, among EnerSys, the Guarantors party thereto and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to EnerSys’ Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 00-32253) filed on April 23, 2015). 4.2 First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 23, 2015, among EnerSys, the Guarantors party thereto and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., asTrustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to EnerSys’ Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 00-32253) filed on April 23, 2015). 4.3 Form of 5.00% Senior Note due 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to EnerSys’ Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 00-32253) filed on April 23, 2015). 10.1 Credit Agreement, dated as of August 4, 2017, among EnerSys, certain other borrowers and guarantors identified therein, Bank ofAmerica, N.A., as administrative agent, swing line lender and Letters of Credit issuer, and other lenders party thereto (incorporatedherein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of EnerSys’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 2, 2017 (File No. 001-32253)filed with the SEC on August 9, 2017). 10.2 Stock Subscription Agreement, dated March 22, 2002, among EnerSys Holdings Inc., Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Capital Partners IV,L.P., Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Capital Investors IV, L.P., MSDW IV 892 Investors, L.P., Morgan Stanley Global Emerging MarketsPrivate Investment Fund, L.P. and Morgan Stanley Global Emerging Markets Private Investors, L.P. (incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.27 to Amendment No. 3 to EnerSys’ Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-115553) filed on July 13, 2004). 10.3 Employment Offer Letter, dated October 20, 2014, of EnerSys Delaware Inc. to David M. Shaffer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit10.5 to EnerSys' Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 28, 2014 (File No. 001-32253) filed on November 5,2014). 10.4 EnerSys 2013 Management Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to EnerSys’ Definitive Proxy Statement onSchedule 14A (File No. 001-32253) filed on June 27, 2013). 10.5 Second Amended and Restated EnerSys 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to EnerSys’ DefinitiveProxy Statement on Schedule 14A (File No. 001-32253) filed on June 23, 2016).104Table of ContentsExhibit Number Description of Exhibit 10.6 EnerSys Voluntary Deferred Compensation Plan for Executives as amended August 5, 2010, and May 26, 2011 (incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.23 to EnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 31, 2011). 10.7 Form of Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to Amendment No. 3 to EnerSys’ RegistrationStatement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-115553) filed on July 13, 2004). 10.8 Form of Market Share Restricted Stock Unit Agreement – Employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to EnerSys’ AnnualReport on Form 10-K (File No. 001-32253) filed on June 1, 2010). 10.9 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement – Employees – 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 toEnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 31, 2011). 10.10 Form of Market Share Restricted Stock Unit Agreement – Employees – 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.32 to EnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 31, 2011). 10.11 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement – Employees and Senior Executives – 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by referenceto Exhibit 10.33 to EnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 31, 2011). 10.12 Form of Deferred Stock Unit Agreement – Non-Employee Directors – 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit10.35 to EnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 31, 2011). 10.13 Form of Severance Agreement, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to EnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 28, 2013). 10.14 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement – Employees – 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 toEnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2013 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 28, 2013). 10.15 Form of Market Share Restricted Stock Unit Agreement – Employees – 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.40 to EnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2013 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 28,2013). 10.16 Form of Stock Option Agreement - Employees - 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to EnerSys’Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2014 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 28, 2014). 10.17 Form of Stock Option Agreement - Senior Executives - 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 toEnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2014 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 28, 2014). 10.18 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement - Employees - 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 toEnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2014 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 28, 2014). 10.19 Form of Market Share Unit Agreement - Employees - 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 toEnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2014 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 28, 2014). 10.20 Form of Market Share Unit Agreement - Senior Executives - 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 toEnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2014 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 28, 2014). 105Table of ContentsExhibit Number Description of Exhibit10.20 Form of Indemnification Agreement - Directors and Officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to EnerSys’ Annual Report onForm 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2016 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 28, 2014). 10.21 Form of Indemnification Agreement - Directors and Officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to EnerSys’ Annual Report onForm 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2017 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 30, 2017). 10.22 Form of Stock Option Agreement - Employees - 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to EnerSys’Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2015 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 27, 2015). 10.23 Form of Stock Option Agreement - Executives - 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 to EnerSys’Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2015 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 27, 2015). 10.24 Form of Stock Option Agreement - Senior Executives - 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44 toEnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2015 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 27, 2015). 10.25 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement - Employees - 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.45 toEnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2015 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 27, 2015). 10.26 Form of Market Share Unit Agreement - Employees - 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.46 toEnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2015 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 27, 2015). 10.27 Form of Market Share Unit Agreement - Executives - 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.47 toEnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2015 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 27, 2015). 10.28 Form of Market Share Unit Agreement - Senior Executives - 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.48 toEnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2015 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 27, 2015). 10.29 Form of Market Share Unit Agreement - Senior Executives - 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 toEnerSys’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 27, 2015 (File No. 001-32253) filed on November 2, 2015). 10.30 Form of Stock Option Agreement - Senior Executives - 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 toEnerSys’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 27, 2015 (File No. 001-32253) filed on November 2, 2015). 10.31 Form of Stock Option Agreement - Employees - 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.46 to EnerSys’Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2016 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 31, 2016). 10.32 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement - Employees - 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.47 toEnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2016 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 31, 2016). 10.33 Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement - Employees - 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.48 toEnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2016 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 31, 2016). 10.34 Employment Agreement, dated December 21, 2015, between EH Europe GmbH and Holger P. Aschke (incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.49 to EnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2016 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 31,2016). 106Table of ContentsExhibit Number Description of Exhibit10.35 Employment Agreement, dated April 1, 2016, between EnerSys Reserve Power Pte Ltd. and Myles Jones (incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.41 to EnerSys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2017 (File No. 001-32253) filed on May 30,2017). 10.36 Form of letter agreement, dated June 7, 2017, between EnerSys and David M. Shaffer (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1of EnerSys’ Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-32253) filed with the SEC on June 12, 2017). 10.37 Form of letter agreement, dated June 7, 2017, between EnerSys and an executive officer (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit10.1 of EnerSys’ Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-32253) filed with the SEC on June 12, 2017). 10.38 Form of Deferred Stock Unit Agreement - Non-Employee Directors - 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference toExhibit 10.5 of EnerSys’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 2, 2017 (File No. 001-32253) filed with the SEC onAugust 9, 2017). 10.39 EnerSys 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to EnerSys’ Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule14A (File No. 001-32253) filed on June 19, 2017). 11.1 Statement regarding Computation of Per Share Earnings.* 12.1 Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges (filed herewith). 21.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant (filed herewith). 23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP (filed herewith). 31.1 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filedherewith). 31.2 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filedherewith). 32.1 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant toSection 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith). 101.INS XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embeddedwithin the inline XBRL document. 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Document 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Document 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Document *Information required to be presented in Exhibit 11 is provided in Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 of thisAnnual Report on Form 10-K.107Table of ContentsSIGNATURESPursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on itsbehalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. ENERSYS By /s/ DAVID M. SHAFFERMay 30, 2018 David M. ShafferChief Executive OfficerPOWER OF ATTORNEYKNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose name appears below hereby appoints David M. Shaffer and Michael J. Schmidtleinand each of them, as his true and lawful agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his, place or stead, in any and all capacities,to execute any and all amendments to the within annual report, and to file the same, together with all exhibits thereto, with the Securities and ExchangeCommission, granting unto each said attorney-in-fact and agent, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite andnecessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all thateach said attorney-in-fact and agent may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this annual report has been signed below by the following persons in thecapacities and on the dates indicated:Name Title Date /s/ DAVID M. SHAFFER Chief Executive Officer May 30, 2018David M. Shaffer /s/ MICHAEL J. SCHMIDTLEIN Chief Financial Officer May 30, 2018Michael J. Schmidtlein /s/ KERRY M. KANE Vice President and Corporate Controller (PrincipalAccounting Officer) May 30, 2018Kerry M. Kane /s/ HWAN-YOON F. CHUNG Director May 30, 2018Hwan-yoon F. Chung /s/ NELDA J. CONNORS Director May 30, 2018Nelda J. Connors /s/ HOWARD I. HOFFEN Director May 30, 2018Howard I. Hoffen /s/ ARTHUR T. KATSAROS Director May 30, 2018Arthur T. Katsaros /s/ JOHN F. LEHMAN Director May 30, 2018John F. Lehman /s/ GENERAL ROBERT MAGNUS, USMC (RETIRED) Director May 30, 2018General Robert Magnus, USMC (Retired) /s/ DENNIS S. MARLO Director May 30, 2018Dennis S. Marlo /s/ PAUL J. TUFANO Director May 30, 2018Paul J. Tufano /s/ RONALD P. VARGO Director May 30, 2018Ronald P. Vargo 108Exhibit 12.1RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGESEnerSysComputation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed ChargesThe following table sets forth the ratio of earnings to fixed charges of the Company for the five fiscal years ended March 31, 2018: Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 (dollars in thousands)Earnings: Income before provision for income taxes $238,326 $181,937 $249,339 $163,747 $230,233Plus: fixed charges 38,798 35,399 33,624 29,792 29,977 Total $277,124 $217,336 $282,963 $193,539 $260,210 Fixed charges: Interest expense including capitalized interest $26,083 $23,869 $21,633 $18,151 $18,947Interest within rental expense 12,715 11,530 11,991 11,641 11,030 Total $38,798 $35,399 $33,624 $29,792 $29,977 Ratio of earnings to fixed charges 7.14 6.14 8.42 6.50 8.68NOTE: These ratios include EnerSys and its consolidated subsidiaries. The ratio of earnings to fixed charges was computed by dividing earnings by fixedcharges for the periods indicated, where “earnings” consist of (1) earnings from operations before income taxes plus (2) fixed charges, and “fixed charges”consist of (a) interest, whether expensed or capitalized, on all indebtedness, including non-cash interest accreted on Convertible Notes of $1,330, $8,283,$7,614, $7,001 and $6,436, respectively, for fiscal 2016 through fiscal 2013, (b) amortization of premiums, discounts and capitalized expenses related toindebtedness, and (c) portion of operating lease rental expense considered to be representative of the interest factor. Interest related to uncertain tax positionsis included in the tax provision in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income and is excluded from the computation of fixed charges.Exhibit 21.1ENERSYSSubsidiariesEnerSystem Argentina S.A. ArgentinaEnerSys Australia Pty Ltd. AustraliaICS Industries Pty Ltd AustraliaICS Sheet Metal Pty Ltd. AustraliaInternational Communication Shelters Australasia Pty Ltd. AustraliaLancord Pty Ltd. AustraliaLenmic Pty Ltd. AustraliaNational Infrastructure Pty Ltd. AustraliaNational Infrastructure Services Pty Ltd. AustraliaPowercom (NSW) Pty Ltd. AustraliaEnerSys GmbH AustriaEnerSys SPRL BelgiumEnerSystem do Brazil Ltda. BrazilEnerSys Participacoes Ltda. BrazilIndustrial Battery Holding Ltda. BrazilEnerSys AD (99.8%) * BulgariaEnerSys Canada Inc. CanadaEnerSys Cayman Euro L.P. Cayman IslandsEnerSys Cayman Holdings L.P. Cayman IslandsEnerSys Cayman Inc. Cayman IslandsEnerSys Cayman L.P. Cayman IslandsYCI, Inc. Cayman IslandsEnerSystem Chile Ltda. ChileEnerSys (Chaozhou) Huada Batteries Company Limited ChinaEnerSys (China) Huada Batteries Company Limited ChinaEnerSys (Chongqing) Huada Batteries Company Limited ChinaEnerSys (Jiangsu) Huada Batteries Company Limited (94.7%) * ChinaEnerSys (Yangzhou) Huada Batteries Co. Ltd. ChinaShenzhen Huada Power Supply Mechanical & Electrical Co. Ltd. ChinaEnerSys, s.r.o. Czech RepublicEnerSys A/S DenmarkEnerSys Europe Oy FinlandEnerSys SARL FranceGAZ GmbH GermanyHawker GmbH GermanyEnerSys AE GreeceEnerSys Asia Limited Hong KongEnerSys Hungária Kft. HungaryEnerSys Battery Private Limited IndiaEnerSys India Batteries Private Ltd. IndiaEnerSys S.r.l. ItalyEnerSys Holdings (Luxembourg) Sarl LuxembourgEnerSys Luxembourg Finance Sarl LuxembourgDCPM Engineering Sdn Bhd MalaysiaEnerSys Malaysia Sdn Bhd MalaysiaMIB Energy Sdn Bhd MalaysiaUTS Holdings Sdn Bhd MalaysiaUTS Technology (JB) Sdn Bhd MalaysiaUTS Technology (PG) Sdn Bhd MalaysiaEnerSys de Mexico, S de R.L. de CV MexicoEnerSys de Mexico II, S de R.L. de CV MexicoPowersonic, S de R.L. de CV MexicoYecoltd, S. de R.L. de CV MexicoENAS Industrial Batteries Morocco Sarl MoroccoEnerSys AS NorwayEnerSys sp. z o.o. PolandPowersafe Acumuladores Industrialis Unipessoal, Lda. PortugalEnerSys CJSC RussiaBattery Power International Pte Ltd. SingaporeEnerSys Reserve Power Pte. Ltd. SingaporeIE Technologies Pte Ltd. SingaporeEnerSys, s.r.o. Slovak RepublicAcumuladores Industriales EnerSys SA SpainEnerSys AB SwedenPurcell Systems International AB SwedenEH Batterien AG SwitzerlandEH Europe GmbH SwitzerlandEnerSys BV The NetherlandsEnerSys Assad Sarl (51%) * TunisiaEnersys Akü Sanaya Dis Ticaret Limited Sirketi TurkeyEnerSys LLC UkraineABSL Power Solutions Ltd. United KingdomEnerSys Holdings UK Ltd. United KingdomEnerSys Ltd. United KingdomABSL Power Solutions Inc. DelawareEnerSys Advanced Systems Inc. DelawareEnerSys Capital Inc. DelawareEnerSys Delaware Inc. DelawareEnerSys Delaware LLC I DelawareEnerSys Delaware LLC II DelawareEnerSys Delaware LLC III DelawareEnerSys Delaware LLC IV DelawareEnerSys Energy Products Inc. DelawareEnerSys European Holding Co. DelawareEnerSys Mexico Holdings LLC DelawareEnerSys Mexico Management LLC DelawareEsfinco, Inc. DelawareEsrmco, Inc. DelawareHawker Powersource, Inc. DelawareHawker Power Systems, Inc. DelawarePurcell Systems, Inc. DelawareQuallion LLC DelawareNew Pacifico Realty, Inc. Nevada*These entities are majority-owned by EnerSys with the remaining interests held by third parties.Exhibit 23.1Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmWe consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:(1)Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-219838) pertaining to the EnerSys 2017 Equity Incentive Plan,(2)Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-168717) pertaining to the EnerSys 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, and(3) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-120660) pertaining to the EnerSys Employee Stock Purchase Plan;of our reports dated May 30, 2018, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of EnerSys and the effectiveness of internal controlover financial reporting of EnerSys included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of EnerSys for the year ended March 31, 2018./s/ Ernst & Young LLPPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaMay 30, 2018EXHIBIT 31.1CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERPURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934I, David M. Shaffer, certify that:1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of EnerSys;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by thisreport;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respectsthe financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under oursupervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us byothers within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements forexternal purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s mostrecent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonablylikely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, tothe registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting, which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internalcontrol over financial reporting. ENERSYS By /s/ David M. Shaffer David M. Shaffer Chief Executive OfficerDate: May 30, 2018EXHIBIT 31.2CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICERPURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934I, Michael J. Schmidtlein, certify that:1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of EnerSys;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by thisreport;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respectsthe financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under oursupervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us byothers within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements forexternal purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s mostrecent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonablylikely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, tothe registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting, which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internalcontrol over financial reporting. ENERSYS By /s/ Michael J. Schmidtlein Michael J. Schmidtlein Chief Financial OfficerDate: May 30, 2018EXHIBIT 32.1CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERAND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICERPURSUANT TO18. U.S.C. SECTION 1350,AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002I certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Annual Report of EnerSys onForm 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934and that information contained in such Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of EnerSys. ENERSYS By /s/ David M. Shaffer David M. Shaffer Chief Executive Officer By /s/ Michael J. Schmidtlein Michael J. Schmidtlein Chief Financial OfficerDate: May 30, 2018

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