Sovracop20F_Eni_2013 4/15/14 10:58 AM Pagina 1
Investor Relations
Piazza Ezio Vanoni, 1 - 20097 San Donato Milanese (Milan)
Tel. +39-0252051651 - Fax +39-0252031929
e-mail: investor.relations@eni.com
eni spa
Headquarters: Rome, Piazzale Enrico Mattei, 1
Capital stock as of December 31, 2012:
€4,005,358,876 fully paid
Tax identification number: 00484960588
Branches:
San Donato Milanese (Milan) - Via Emilia, 1
San Donato Milanese (Milan) - Piazza Ezio Vanoni, 1
Internet home page: eni.com
Rome office telephone: +39-0659821
Toll-free number: 800940924
e-mail: segreteriasocietaria.azionisti@eni.com
ADRs/Depositary
BNY Mellon Shareowner Services
PO Box 358516
Pittsburgh, PA 15252-8516
shrrelations@bnymellon.com
Contacts:
- Institutional Investors/Broker Desk:
UK: Mark Lewis - Tel. +44 (0) 20 7964 6089;
mark.lewis@bnymellon.com
USA: Ravi Davis - Tel. +1 212 815 4245;
ravi.davis@bnymellon.com
Hong Kong: Joe Oakenfold - Tel. +852 2840 9717;
joe.oakenfold@bnymellon.com
- Retail Investors:
Domestic Toll Free – Tel. 1-866-433-0354
International Callers – Tel. +1.201.680.6825
Cover: Inarea - Rome - Italy
Layout and supervision: Studio Joly Srl - Rome - Italy
Printing: Ugo Quintily SpA - Rome - Italy
eni.com
A
n
n
u
a
l
R
e
p
o
r
t
o
n
F
o
r
m
2
0
-
F
2
0
1
3
A n n u a l Re p o r t o n Fo r m 2 0 - F 2 0 1 3
Sovracop20F_Eni_2013 4/15/14 10:58 AM Pagina 1
Investor Relations
Piazza Ezio Vanoni, 1 - 20097 San Donato Milanese (Milan)
Tel. +39-0252051651 - Fax +39-0252031929
e-mail: investor.relations@eni.com
eni spa
Headquarters: Rome, Piazzale Enrico Mattei, 1
Capital stock as of December 31, 2012:
€4,005,358,876 fully paid
Tax identification number: 00484960588
Branches:
San Donato Milanese (Milan) - Via Emilia, 1
San Donato Milanese (Milan) - Piazza Ezio Vanoni, 1
Internet home page: eni.com
Rome office telephone: +39-0659821
Toll-free number: 800940924
e-mail: segreteriasocietaria.azionisti@eni.com
ADRs/Depositary
BNY Mellon Shareowner Services
PO Box 358516
Pittsburgh, PA 15252-8516
shrrelations@bnymellon.com
Contacts:
- Institutional Investors/Broker Desk:
UK: Mark Lewis - Tel. +44 (0) 20 7964 6089;
mark.lewis@bnymellon.com
USA: Ravi Davis - Tel. +1 212 815 4245;
ravi.davis@bnymellon.com
Hong Kong: Joe Oakenfold - Tel. +852 2840 9717;
joe.oakenfold@bnymellon.com
- Retail Investors:
Domestic Toll Free – Tel. 1-866-433-0354
International Callers – Tel. +1.201.680.6825
Cover: Inarea - Rome - Italy
Layout and supervision: Studio Joly Srl - Rome - Italy
Printing: Ugo Quintily SpA - Rome - Italy
eni.com
A
n
n
u
a
l
R
e
p
o
r
t
o
n
F
o
r
m
2
0
-
F
2
0
1
3
A n n u a l Re p o r t o n Fo r m 2 0 - F 2 0 1 3
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
—————————
Form 20-F
(Mark One)
REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) or (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from
to
OR
OR
SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of event requiring this shell company report
Commission file number: 1-14090
—————————
Eni SpA
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Republic of Italy
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
1, piazzale Enrico Mattei - 00144 Roma - Italy
(Address of principal executive offices)
Massimo Mondazzi
Eni SpA
1, piazza Ezio Vanoni
20097 San Donato Milanese (Milano) - Italy
Tel +39 02 52041730 - Fax +39 02 52041765
(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
—————————
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.
Title of each class
Name of each exchange on which registered
Shares
American Depositary Shares
(Which represent the right to receive two Shares)
New York Stock Exchange*
New York Stock Exchange
* Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares,
pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
Ordinary shares
3,634,185,330
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes
(cid:1)
No
(cid:2)
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934.
Note - Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their
obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90
days.
Yes
(cid:2)
No
(cid:1)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant have submitted electronically and posted on their corporate Web sites, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be
submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to submit and post such files).
Yes
(cid:1)
No
(cid:2)
Yes
(cid:1)
No
(cid:2)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large
accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer (cid:1) Accelerated filer (cid:2) Non-accelerated filer (cid:2)
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP (cid:2)
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (cid:1)
Other (cid:2)
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Item 17 (cid:2)
Item 18 (cid:2)
Yes
(cid:2)
No
(cid:1)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certain defined terms .............................................................................................................................................................................
Presentation of financial and other information ...................................................................................................................................
Statements regarding competitive position ..........................................................................................................................................
Glossary ..................................................................................................................................................................................................
Abbreviations and conversion table ......................................................................................................................................................
PART I
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 4A.
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
12A.
12B.
12C.
12D.
PART II
Item 13.
Item 14.
Item 15.
Item 16.
16A.
16B.
16C.
16D.
16E.
16F.
16G.
16H.
PART III
Item 17.
Item 18.
Item 19.
IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS .................................................
OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE .....................................................................................
KEY INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................................
Selected Financial Information ................................................................................................................................
Selected Operating Information ..............................................................................................................................
Exchange Rates ........................................................................................................................................................
Risk factors ...............................................................................................................................................................
INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY ................................................................................................................
History and development of the Company .............................................................................................................
BUSINESS OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................
Exploration & Production ........................................................................................................................................
Gas & Power .............................................................................................................................................................
Refining & Marketing ..............................................................................................................................................
Engineering & Construction ....................................................................................................................................
Chemicals ..................................................................................................................................................................
Corporate and Other activities .................................................................................................................................
Research and development ......................................................................................................................................
Insurance ...................................................................................................................................................................
Environmental matters .............................................................................................................................................
Regulation of Eni’s businesses ................................................................................................................................
Property, plant and equipment .................................................................................................................................
Organizational structure ...........................................................................................................................................
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS .................................................................................................................
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS .......................................................................
Executive summary ..................................................................................................................................................
Critical accounting estimates ...................................................................................................................................
2011-2013 Group results of operations ...................................................................................................................
Liquidity and capital resources ................................................................................................................................
Recent developments ...............................................................................................................................................
Management’s expectations of operations ..............................................................................................................
DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES ........................................................................
Directors and Senior Management ..........................................................................................................................
Compensation ...........................................................................................................................................................
Board practices .........................................................................................................................................................
Employees .................................................................................................................................................................
Share ownership .......................................................................................................................................................
MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS ......................................................
Major Shareholders ..................................................................................................................................................
Related party transactions ........................................................................................................................................
FINANCIAL INFORMATION ..............................................................................................................................
Consolidated Statements and other financial information .....................................................................................
Significant changes ..................................................................................................................................................
THE OFFER AND THE LISTING .........................................................................................................................
Offer and listing details ............................................................................................................................................
Markets .....................................................................................................................................................................
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ...........................................................................................................................
Memorandum and Articles of Association .............................................................................................................
Material contracts .....................................................................................................................................................
Exchange controls ....................................................................................................................................................
Taxation ....................................................................................................................................................................
Documents on display ..............................................................................................................................................
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK ...................................
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES ....................................................
Debt securities ..........................................................................................................................................................
Warrants and rights ..................................................................................................................................................
Other securities .........................................................................................................................................................
American Depositary Shares ...................................................................................................................................
DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES ..............................................................
MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS
AND USE OF PROCEEDS .....................................................................................................................................
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES .......................................................................................................................
Board of Statutory Auditors financial expert .........................................................................................................
Code of Ethics ..........................................................................................................................................................
Principal accountant fees and services ....................................................................................................................
Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees ............................................................................
Purchases of equity securities by the issuer and affiliated purchasers ..................................................................
Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant .......................................................................................................
Significant differences in Corporate Governance practices as per Section 303A.11
of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual .................................................................................
Mine safety disclosure .............................................................................................................................................
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS .................................................................................................................................
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS .................................................................................................................................
EXHIBITS ................................................................................................................................................................
i
Page
ii
ii
ii
iii
vi
1
1
1
1
4
5
6
29
29
33
33
62
70
77
80
82
83
85
85
92
97
98
98
99
99
102
105
119
125
125
135
135
141
153
160
163
164
164
164
165
165
166
167
167
168
170
170
176
176
177
181
182
185
185
185
185
185
187
187
187
188
188
188
189
189
190
190
193
194
194
194
Certain disclosures contained herein including, without limitation, information appearing in “Item 4 –
Information on the Company”, and in particular “Item 4 – Exploration & Production”, “Item 5 – Operating and
Financial Review and Prospects” and “Item 11 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk”
contain forward-looking statements regarding future events and the future results of Eni that are based on current
expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about the industries in which Eni operates and the beliefs and
assumptions of the management of Eni. Eni may also make forward-looking statements in other written materials,
including other documents filed with or furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In
addition, Eni’s senior management may make forward-looking statements orally to analysts, investors,
representatives of the media and others. In particular, among other statements, certain statements with regard to
management objectives, trends in results of operations, margins, costs, return on capital, risk management and
competition are forward looking in nature. Words such as ‘expects’, ‘anticipates’, ‘targets’, ‘goals’, ‘projects’,
‘intends’, ‘plans’, ‘believes’, ‘seeks’, ‘estimates’, variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to
identify such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are only predictions and are subject to
risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict because they relate to events and depend on
circumstances that will occur in the future. Therefore, Eni’s actual results may differ materially and adversely from
those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such
differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in this Annual Report on Form 20-F under the section
entitled “Risk factors” and elsewhere. Any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of Eni speak only as of
the date they are made. Eni does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect any changes in Eni’s
expectations with regard thereto or any changes in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement
is based. The reader should, however, consult any further disclosures Eni may make in documents it files with the
SEC.
CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS
In this Form 20-F, the terms “Eni”, the “Group”, or the “Company” refer to the parent company Eni SpA and
its consolidated subsidiaries and, unless the context otherwise requires, their respective predecessor companies.
All references to “Italy” or the “State” are references to the Republic of Italy, all references to the “Government” are
references to the government of the Republic of Italy. For definitions of certain oil and gas terms used herein and
certain conversions, see “Glossary” and “Conversion Table”.
PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION
The Consolidated Financial Statements of Eni, included in this Annual Report, have been prepared in
accordance with IFRS issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).
Unless otherwise indicated, any reference herein to “Consolidated Financial Statements” is to the Consolidated
Financial Statements of Eni (including the Notes thereto) included herein.
Unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, references herein to “dollars”, “$”, “U.S. dollars”
and “US$” are to the currency of the United States, and references to “euro” and “! ” are to the currency of the
European Monetary Union.
Unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, references herein to “Division” and “segment” are
to Eni’s business activities: Exploration & Production, Gas & Power, Refining & Marketing, Engineering
& Construction, Chemicals and Other activities.
References to Versalis or Chemicals are to Eni’s chemical activities engaged through its fully-owned subsidiary
Versalis and Versalis’ controlled entities.
STATEMENTS REGARDING COMPETITIVE POSITION
Statements made in “Item 4 – Information on the Company” referring to Eni’s competitive position are based
on the Company’s belief, and in some cases rely on a range of sources, including investment analysts’ reports,
independent market studies and Eni’s internal assessment of market share based on publicly available information
about the financial results and performance of market participants. Market share estimates contained in this
document are based on management estimates unless otherwise indicated.
ii
A glossary of oil and gas terms is available on Eni’s web page at the address eni.com. Below is a selection of
the most frequently used terms.
GLOSSARY
Financial terms
Leverage
Net borrowings
A non-GAAP measure of the Company’s financial condition, calculated as the ratio
between net borrowings and shareholders’ equity, including minority interest. For a
discussion of management’s view of the usefulness of this measure and its
reconciliation with the most directly comparable GAAP measure which in the case of
the Company refers to IFRS, see “Item 5 – Financial Condition”.
Eni evaluates its financial condition by reference to “net borrowings”, which is a non-
GAAP measure. Eni calculates net borrowings as total finance debt less: cash, cash
equivalents and certain very liquid investments not related to operations, including
among others non-operating financing receivables and securities not related to
operations. Non-operating financing receivables consist of amounts due to Eni’s
financing subsidiaries from banks and other financing institutions and amounts due to
other subsidiaries from banks for investing purposes and deposits in escrow. Securities
not related to operations consist primarily of government and corporate securities. For a
discussion of management’s view of the usefulness of this measure and its
reconciliation with the most directly comparable GAAP measure which in the case of
the Company refers to IFRS, see “Item 5 – Financial condition”.
TSR
(Total Shareholder Return)
Management uses this measure to asses the total return of the Eni’s shares. It is
calculated on a yearly basis, keeping account of changes in prices (beginning and end
of year) and dividends distributed and reinvested at the ex-dividend date.
Business terms
AEEG (Authority for
Electricity and Gas)
The Regulatory Authority for Electricity and Gas is the Italian independent body which
regulates, controls and monitors the electricity and gas sectors and markets in Italy. The
Authority’s role and purpose is to protect the interests of users and consumers, promote
competition and ensure efficient, cost-effective and profitable nationwide services with
satisfactory quality levels.
Associated gas
Associated gas is a natural gas found in contact with or dissolved in crude oil in the
reservoir. It can be further categorized as Gas-Cap Gas or Solution Gas.
Average reserve life index Ratio between the amount of reserves at the end of the year and total production for the
year.
Barrel/BBL
BOE
Concession contracts
Condensates
Volume unit corresponding to 159 liters. A barrel of oil corresponds to about 0.137
metric tons.
Barrel of Oil Equivalent. It is used as a standard unit measure for oil and natural gas.
The latter is converted from standard cubic meters into barrels of oil equivalent using a
certain coefficient (see “Conversion Table”).
Contracts currently applied mainly in Western countries regulating relationships
between states and oil companies with regards to hydrocarbon exploration and
production. The company holding the mining concession has an exclusive on
exploration, development and production activities and for this reason it acquires a
right to hydrocarbons extracted against the payment of royalties on production and
taxes on oil revenues to the state.
Condensates is a mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in the gaseous phase at original
reservoir temperature and pressure, but that, when produced, is in the liquid phase at
surface pressure and temperature.
Consob
The National Commission for listed companies and the stock exchange of Italy.
Contingent resources
Conversion capacity
Contingent resources are those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to
be potentially recoverable from known accumulations, but the applied project(s) are not
yet considered mature enough for commercial development due to one or more
contingencies.
Maximum amount of feedstock that can be processed in certain dedicated facilities of a
refinery to obtain finished products. Conversion facilities include catalytic crackers,
hydrocrackers, visbreaking units, and coking units.
iii
Conversion index
Deep waters
Development
Ratio of capacity of conversion facilities to primary distillation capacity. The higher the
ratio, the higher is the capacity of a refinery to obtain high value products from the
heavy residue of primary distillation.
Waters deeper than 200 meters.
Drilling and other post-exploration activities aimed at the production of oil and gas.
Enhanced recovery
Techniques used to increase or stretch over time the production of wells.
EPC
EPCI
Exploration
FPSO
FSO
Infilling wells
LNG
LPG
Margin
Mineral Potential
Mineral Storage
Engineering, Procurement and Construction.
Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Installation.
Oil and natural gas exploration that includes land surveys, geological and geophysical
studies, seismic data gathering and analysis and well drilling.
Floating Production Storage and Offloading System.
Floating Storage and Offloading System.
Infilling wells are wells drilled in a producing area in order to improve the recovery of
hydrocarbons from the field and to maintain and/or increase production levels.
Liquefied Natural Gas obtained through the cooling of natural gas to minus 160 °C at
normal pressure. The gas is liquefied to allow transportation from the place of
extraction to the sites at which it is transformed back into its natural gaseous state and
consumed. One tonne of LNG corresponds to 1,400 cubic meters of gas.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas, a mix of light petroleum fractions, gaseous at normal
pressure and easily liquefied at room temperature through limited compression.
The difference between the average selling price and direct acquisition cost of a
finished product or raw material excluding other production costs (e.g. refining margin,
margin on distribution of natural gas and petroleum products or margin of
petrochemical products). Margin trends reflect the trading environment and are, to a
certain extent, a gauge of industry profitability.
(Potentially recoverable hydrocarbon volumes) Estimated recoverable volumes which
cannot be defined as reserves due to a number of reasons, such as the temporary lack of
viable markets, a possible commercial recovery dependent on the development of new
technologies, or for their location in accumulations yet to be developed or where
evaluation of known accumulations is still at an early stage.
According to Legislative Decree No. 164/2000, these are volumes required for
allowing optimal operation of natural gas fields in Italy for technical and economic
reasons. The purpose is to ensure production flexibility as required by long-term
purchase contracts as well as to cover technical risks associated with production.
Modulation Storage
According to Legislative Decree No. 164/2000, these are volumes required for meeting
hourly, daily and seasonal swings in demand.
Natural gas liquids (NGL) Liquid or liquefied hydrocarbons recovered from natural gas through separation
equipment or natural gas treatment plants. Propane, normal-butane and isobutane,
isopentane and pentane plus, that were previously defined as natural gasoline, are
natural gas liquids.
Network Code
Over/Under lifting
Possible reserves
Probable reserves
A code containing norms and regulations for access to, management and operation of
natural gas pipelines.
Agreements stipulated between partners which regulate the right of each to its share in
the production for a set period of time. Amounts lifted by a partner different from the
agreed amounts determine temporary Over/Under lifting situations.
Possible reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than
probable reserves.
Probable reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than
proved reserves but which, together with proved reserves, are as likely as not to be
recovered.
Primary balanced refining
capacity
Maximum amount of feedstock that can be processed in a refinery to obtain finished
products measured in BBL/d.
Production Sharing
Agreement (PSA)
Contract in use in African, Middle Eastern, Far Eastern and Latin American countries,
among others, regulating relationships between states and oil companies with regard to
the exploration and production of hydrocarbons. The mineral right is awarded to the
national oil company jointly with the foreign oil company that has an exclusive right to
iv
perform exploration, development and production activities and can enter into agreements
with other local or international entities. In this type of contract the national oil company
assigns to the international contractor the task of performing exploration and production
with the contractor’s equipment and financial resources. Exploration risks are borne by
the contractor and production is divided into two portions: “cost oil” is used to recover
costs borne by the contractor and “profit oil” is divided between the contractor and the
national company according to variable schemes and represents the profit deriving from
exploration and production. Further terms and conditions of these contracts may vary
from country to country.
Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of
geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be
economically producible, from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under
existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations, prior to
the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence
indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or
probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons
must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence
the project within a reasonable time. Existing economic conditions include prices and
costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. The price
shall be the average price during the 12-month period prior to the ending date of the
period covered by the report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of the
first-day-of-the-month price for each month within such period, unless prices are defined
by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future conditions.
Reserves are classified as either developed and undeveloped. Proved developed oil and
gas reserves are reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with
existing equipment and operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment
is relatively minor compared to the cost of a new well, and through installed extraction
equipment and infrastructure operational at the time of the reserves estimate if the
extraction is by means not involving a well. Proved undeveloped oil and gas reserves are
reserves of any category that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled
acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for
recompletion.
Reserves are estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances
anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of
development projects to known accumulations. In addition, there must exist, or there
must be a reasonable expectation that there will exist, the legal right to produce or a
revenue interest in the production, installed means of delivering oil and gas or related
substances to market, and all permits and financing required to implement the project.
Proved reserves
Reserves
Reserve life index
Ratio between the amount of proved reserves at the end of the year and total production
for the year.
Reserve replacement ratio Measure of the reserves produced replaced by proved reserves. Indicates the company’s
ability to add new reserves through exploration and purchase of property. A rate higher
than 100% indicates that more reserves were added than produced in the period. The
ratio should be averaged on a three-year period in order to reduce the distortion
deriving from the purchase of proved property, the revision of previous estimates,
enhanced recovery, improvement in recovery rates and changes in the amount of
reserves – in PSAs – due to changes in international oil prices.
Ship-or-pay
Strategic Storage
Take-or-pay
Upstream/Downstream
Clause included in natural gas transportation contracts according to which the customer
is requested to pay for the transportation of gas whether or not the gas is actually
transported.
According to Legislative Decree No. 164/2000, these are volumes required for
covering lack or reduction of supplies from extra-European sources or crises in the
natural gas system.
Clause included in natural gas supply contracts according to which the purchaser is
bound to pay the contractual price or a fraction of such price for a minimum quantity of
gas set in the contract whether or not the gas is collected by the purchaser. The
purchaser has the option of collecting the gas paid for and not delivered at a price equal
to the residual fraction of the price set in the contract in subsequent contract years.
The term upstream refers to all hydrocarbon exploration and production activities. The
term downstream includes all activities inherent to the oil and gas sector that are
downstream of exploration and production activities.
v
ABBREVIATIONS
mmCF
BCF
mmCM
BCM
BOE
KBOE
=
=
=
=
=
=
million cubic feet
billion cubic feet
million cubic meters
billion cubic meters
barrel of oil equivalent
thousand barrel of oil equivalent
mmBOE =
million barrel of oil equivalent
BBOE
BBL
KBBL
=
=
=
billion barrel of oil equivalent
barrels
thousand barrels
mmBBL =
million barrels
BBBL
=
billion barrels
ktonnes
= thousand tonnes
mmtonnes = million tonnes
MW
GWh
TWh
/d
/y
E&P
G&P
R&M
E&C
= megawatt
= gigawatthour
= terawatthour
= per day
= per year
= the Exploration & Production segment
= the Gas & Power segment
= the Refining & Marketing segment
= the Engineering & Construction
segment
1 acre
1 barrel
1 BOE
CONVERSION TABLE
= 0.405 hectares
= 42 U.S. gallons
= 1 barrel of crude oil
= 5,492 cubic feet of natural gas
1 barrel of crude oil per day
= approximately 50 tonnes
of crude oil per year
1 cubic meter of natural gas
= 35.3147 cubic feet of natural gas
1 cubic meter of natural gas
= approximately 0.00643 barrels
1 kilometer
1 short ton
1 long ton
1 tonne
of oil equivalent
= approximately 0.62 miles
= 0.907 tonnes
= 1.016 tonnes
= 1 metric ton
1 tonne of crude oil
= 1 metric ton of crude oil
= 2,000 pounds
= 2,240 pounds
= 1,000 kilograms
= approximately 2,205 pounds
= approximately 7.3 barrels of crude oil
(assuming an API gravity of 34 degrees)
vi
Item 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS
NOT APPLICABLE
PART I
Item 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
NOT APPLICABLE
Item 3. KEY INFORMATION
Selected Financial Information
The Consolidated Financial Statements of Eni have been prepared in accordance with International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The tables below present
Eni selected historical financial data prepared in accordance with IFRS as of and for the years ended December 31,
2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. Financial information for 2012 has been restated to reflect the adoption of
amendments to IAS 19 “Employee Benefits” and the adoption of IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Statements” and
IFRS 11 “Joint Arrangements”. Prior year data have not been restated. For further information see “Item 18 – note 4 –
Financial statements and changes in accounting policies – of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”.
The selected historical financial data presented herein are derived from Eni’s Consolidated Financial Statements
included in Item 18.
All such data should be read in connection with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes thereto
included in Item 18.
1
CONSOLIDATED PROFIT STATEMENT DATA
Net sales from continuing operations .................................................
Operating profit by segment from continuing operations
Exploration & Production ..............................................................
Gas & Power ..................................................................................
Refining & Marketing ....................................................................
Chemicals .......................................................................................
Engineering & Construction ..........................................................
Other activities ...............................................................................
Corporate and financial companies ...............................................
Impact of unrealized intragroup profit elimination
and other consolidation adjustments (1) ..............................................
Operating profit from continuing operations .....................................
Net profit attributable to Eni from continuing operations .................
Net profit (loss) attributable to Eni from discontinued operations ...
Net profit attributable to Eni ...............................................................
Data per ordinary share (! ) (2)
Operating profit:
- basic ....................................................................................................
- diluted .................................................................................................
Net profit attributable to Eni basic and diluted
from continuing operations .................................................................
Net profit attributable to Eni basic and diluted
from discontinued operations ..............................................................
Net profit attributable to Eni basic and diluted ..................................
Data per ADR ($) (2) (3)
Operating profit:
- basic ....................................................................................................
- diluted .................................................................................................
Net profit attributable to Eni basic and diluted
from continuing operations .................................................................
Net profit attributable to Eni basic and diluted
from discontinued operations ..............................................................
Net profit attributable to Eni basic and diluted ..................................
________
Year ended December 31,
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
((cid:1) million except data per share and per ADR)
81,932 96,617 107,690 127,109 114,697
9,120 13,866 15,887 18,470 14,868
(2,967)
(326)
1,914
(1,492)
(273)
(102)
(725)
(424)
(675)
(98)
1,422
881
(337)
(427)
(436)
(399)
(319)
(420)
(3,125)
(1,264)
(681)
1,453
(300)
(341)
896
149
(86)
1,302
(1,384)
(361)
1,513
1,100
1,263
996
11,795 15,482 16,803 15,208
4,200
3,590
7,790
6,902
(42)
6,860
4,488
(121)
4,367
6,252
66
6,318
38
8,888
5,160
5,160
3.26
3.26
4.27
4.27
4.64
4.64
4.20
4.20
2.45
2.45
1.24
1.72
1.90
1.16
1.42
(0.03)
1.21
0.02
1.74
(0.01)
1.89
0.99
2.15
1.42
9.08
9.08
11.33
11.33
12.92
12.92
10.79
10.79
6.51
6.51
3.45
4.56
5.32
2.98
3.77
(0.08)
3.36
0.05
4.62
(0.03)
5.26
2.54
5.53
3.77
(1)
(2)
(3)
This item pertains to intragroup sales of commodities and capital goods recorded in the assets of the purchasing business segment as of the end of the reporting
period.
Euro per share or U.S. dollars per American Depositary Receipt (ADR), as the case may be. One ADR represents two Eni shares. The dividend amount for 2013 is
based on the proposal of Eni’s management which is submitted to approval at the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting scheduled on May 8, 2014.
Eni’s Financial Statements are stated in euro. The translations of certain euro amounts into U.S. dollars are included solely for the convenience of the reader. The
convenient translations should not be construed as representations that the amounts in euro have been, could have been, or could in the future be, converted into
U.S. dollars at this or any other rate of exchange. Data per ADR, with the exception of dividends, were translated at the EUR/US$ average exchange rate as
recorded by in the Federal Reserve Board official statistics for each year presented (see the table on page 5). Dividends per ADR for the years 2009 through 2012
were translated into U.S. dollars for each year presented using the Noon Buying Rate on payment dates, as recorded on the payment date of the interim dividend
and of the balance to the full-year dividend, respectively.
The dividend for 2013 based on the management’s proposal to the General Shareholders’ Meeting and subject to approval was translated as per the portion related
to the interim dividend (! 1.10 per ADR) at the Noon Buying Rate recorded on the payment date on September 23, 2013, while the balance of ! 1.10 per ADR was
translated at the Noon Buying Rate as recorded on December 31, 2013. The balance dividend for 2013 once the full-year dividend is approved by the Annual
General Shareholders’ Meeting is payable on May 22, 2014 to holders of Eni shares, being the ex-dividend date May 19, while ADRs holders will be paid on June
6, 2014.
2
As of December 31,
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
((cid:1) million except data per share and per ADR)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA
Total assets ........................................................................................... 117,529 131,860 142,945 140,192 138,341
24,800 27,783 29,597 24,192 25,560
Short-term and long-term debt ............................................................
4,005
4,005
Capital stock issued .............................................................................
Minority interest ...................................................................................
2,839
4,921
46,073 51,206 55,472 59,060 58,210
Shareholders’ equity - Eni share .........................................................
Capital expenditures from continuing operations ..............................
12,216 12,450 11,909 12,805 12,800
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding
(fully diluted - shares million) ............................................................
Dividend per share (! ) (1)
......................................................................
(1) (2) ..................................................................
Dividend per ADR ($)
3,623
1.10
3.00
3,623
1.04
2.73
3,623
1.08
2.82
3,622
1.00
2.64
3,622
1.00
2.91
4,005
3,978
4,005
3,357
4,005
4,522
________
(1)
(2)
Euro per share or U.S. dollars per American Depositary Receipt (ADR), as the case may be. One ADR represents two Eni shares. The dividend amount for 2013 is
based on the proposal of Eni’s management which is submitted to approval at the Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting scheduled on May 8, 2014.
Eni’s financial statements are stated in euro. The translations of certain euro amounts into U.S. dollars are included solely for the convenience of the reader. The
convenient translations should not be construed as representations that the amounts in euro have been, could have been, or could in the future be, converted into
U.S. dollars at this or any other rate of exchange. Data per ADR, with the exception of dividends, were translated at the EUR/US$ average exchange rate as
recorded by in the Federal Reserve Board official statistics for each year presented (see the table on page 5). Dividends per ADR for the years 2009 through 2012
were translated into U.S. dollars for each year presented using the Noon Buying Rate on payment dates, as recorded on the payment date of the interim dividend
and of the balance to the full-year dividend, respectively.
The dividend for 2013 based on the management’s proposal to the General Shareholders’ Meeting and subject to approval was translated as per the portion related
to the interim dividend (! 1.10 per ADR) at the Noon Buying Rate recorded on the payment date on September 23, 2013, while the balance of ! 1.10 per ADR was
translated at the Noon Buying Rate as recorded on December 31, 2013. The balance dividend for 2013 once the full-year dividend is approved by the Annual
General Shareholders’ Meeting is payable on May 22, 2014 to holders of Eni shares, being the ex-dividend date May 19, while ADRs holders will be paid on June
6, 2014.
3
Selected Operating Information
The tables below set forth selected operating information with respect to Eni’s proved reserves, developed and
undeveloped, of crude oil (including condensates and natural gas liquids) and natural gas, as well as other data as of and
for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013.
Proved reserves of liquids of consolidated subsidiaries
at period end (mmBBL) ..........................................................................
of which developed................................................................................
Proved reserves of liquids of equity-accounted entities
at period end (mmBBL) ..........................................................................
of which developed................................................................................
Proved reserves of natural gas of consolidated subsidiaries
at period end (BCF) (1) ...........................................................................
of which developed................................................................................
Proved reserves of natural gas of equity-accounted entities
at period end (BCF) ................................................................................
of which developed................................................................................
Proved reserves of hydrocarbons of consolidated subsidiaries
at period end (mmBOE) (1) ......................................................................
of which developed ...............................................................................
Proved reserves of hydrocarbons of equity-accounted entities
at period end (mmBOE) ..........................................................................
of which developed ...............................................................................
(2) .................................
Average daily production of liquids (KBBL/d)
Average daily production of natural gas
available for sale (mmCF/d) (2) ...............................................................
Average daily production of hydrocarbons
available for sale (KBOE/d) (2) ...............................................................
Hydrocarbon production sold (mmBOE) ...............................................
Oil and gas production costs per BOE (3) ............................................
Profit per barrel of oil equivalent (4) ....................................................
________
Year ended December 31,
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
3,377
2,001
3,415
1,951
3,134
1,850
3,084
1,762
3,079
1,831
86
34
208
52
300
45
266
44
148
35
16,262 16,198 15,582 14,190 14,442
8,542
11,650 10,965 10,363
8,965
1,588
234
1,684
246
4,700
53
6,767
424
3,726
34
6,209
4,030
6,332
3,926
5,940
3,716
5,667
3,394
5,708
3,387
362
74
1,007
511
96
997
1,146
54
845
1,499
122
882
827
40
833
4,074
4,222
3,763
4,118
3,868
1,716
622.8
7.41
8.14
1,757
638.0
8.89
11.91
1,523
548.5
10.86
16.98
1,631
598.7
10.82
15.95
1,537
555.3
12.19
15.46
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Includes approximately 769, 767 and 767 BCF of natural gas held in storage in Italy as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively.
Referred to Eni’s subsidiaries and its equity-accounted entities. Natural gas production volumes exclude gas consumed in operations (300, 318, 321, 383 and 451
mmCF/d in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively).
Expressed in U.S. dollars. Consists of production costs of consolidated subsidiaries (costs incurred to operate and maintain wells and field equipment including also
royalties) prepared in accordance with IFRS divided by production on an available-for-sale basis, expressed in barrels of oil equivalent. See the unaudited
supplemental oil and gas information in “Item 18 – Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”.
Expressed in U.S. dollars. Results of operations from oil and gas producing activities of consolidated subsidiaries, divided by actual sold production, in each case
prepared in accordance with IFRS to meet ongoing U.S. reporting obligations under Topic 932. See the unaudited supplemental oil and gas information in “Item 18
– Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for a calculation of results of operations from oil and gas producing activities.
4
Selected Operating Information continued
Sales of natural gas to third parties (1)..................................................
Natural gas consumed by Eni (1) ..........................................................
Sales of natural gas of affiliates (Eni’s share) (1) ................................
Total sales and own consumption of natural gas
of the Gas & Power segment (1)............................................................
E&P natural gas sales in Europe and in the Gulf of Mexico (1)..........
Worldwide natural gas sales (1) ............................................................
Electricity sold (2) ..................................................................................
Refinery throughputs (3) ........................................................................
Balanced capacity of wholly-owned refineries (4)...............................
Retail sales (in Italy and rest of Europe) (3) .........................................
Number of service stations at period end
(in Italy and rest of Europe) .................................................................
Average throughput per service station
(in Italy and rest of Europe) (5) .............................................................
Chemical production (3) ........................................................................
Engineering & Construction order backlog at period end (6) .............
Employees at period end (units) (7) .......................................................
________
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Expressed in BCM.
Expressed in TWh.
Expressed in mmtonnes.
Expressed in KBBL/d.
Expressed in thousand liters per day.
Expressed in ! million.
Relating to continuing operations for all periods presented.
Year ended December 31,
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
83.79
5.81
7.95
97.55
6.17
103.72
33.96
34.55
554
12.02
75.81
6.19
9.41
91.41
5.65
97.06
39.54
34.80
564
11.73
77.84
6.21
9.85
93.90
2.86
96.76
40.28
31.96
574
11.37
77.87
6.43
8.29
92.59
2.73
95.32
42.58
30.01
574
10.87
77.67
5.93
6.96
90.56
2.61
93.17
35.05
27.38
574
9.69
5,986
6,167
6,287
6,384
6,386
2,353
7.22
2,477
6.52
1,828
5.82
18,730 20,505 20,417 19,739 17,514
71,461 73,768 72,574 77,838 82,289
2,206
6.25
2,064
6.09
Exchange Rates
The following tables set forth, for the periods indicated, certain information regarding the Noon Buying Rate in
U.S. dollars per euro, rounded to the second decimal (Source: The Federal Reserve Board).
High
Low
Average (1)
(U.S. dollars per (cid:1))
At
period
end
Year ended December 31,
2009 .......................................................................................................................
2010 .......................................................................................................................
2011 .......................................................................................................................
2012 .......................................................................................................................
2013 .......................................................................................................................
1.51
1.46
1.49
1.35
1.38
1.25
1.19
1.29
1.21
1.28
1.39
1.33
1.39
1.29
1.33
1.44
1.34
1.29
1.32
1.38
________
(1)
Average of the Noon Buying Rates for the last business day of each month in the period.
5
High
Low
At
period
end
(U.S. dollars per (cid:1))
October 2013 ..........................................................................................................................
November 2013 ......................................................................................................................
December 2013 ......................................................................................................................
January 2014 ..........................................................................................................................
February 2014 ........................................................................................................................
March 2014 ............................................................................................................................
1.38
1.36
1.38
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.35
1.34
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.37
1.36
1.36
1.38
1.35
1.38
1.38
Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the euro and the dollar affect the dollar equivalent of the euro price of
the Shares on the Telematico and the dollar price of the ADRs on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Exchange
rate fluctuations also affect the dollar amounts received by owners of ADRs upon conversion by the Depository of cash
dividends paid in euro on the underlying Shares. The Noon Buying Rate on April 4, 2014 was $1.3704 per ! 1.00.
Risk factors
Competition
There is strong competition worldwide, both within the oil industry and with other industries, to supply energy to
the industrial, commercial and residential energy markets
Eni faces strong competition in each of its business segments.
In the current uncertain financial and economic environment, Eni expects that prices of energy commodities, in
particular oil and gas, will be very volatile, with average prices and margins influenced by changes in the global supply
and demand for energy as well as in the market dynamics. This is likely to increase competition in all of Eni’s
businesses, which may impact costs and margins.
•
•
In the Exploration & Production segment Eni faces competition from both international oil companies and
state-owned oil companies for obtaining exploration and development rights, and developing and applying
new technologies to maximize hydrocarbon recovery. Furthermore, Eni may face a competitive disadvantage
because of its relatively smaller size compared to other international oil companies, particularly when bidding
for large scale or capital intensive projects, and may be exposed to industry-wide cost increases to a greater
extent compared to its larger competitors given its potentially smaller market power with respect to suppliers.
If, as a result of those competitive pressures, Eni fails to obtain new exploration and development acreage, to
apply and develop new technologies, and to control cost, its growth prospects and future results of operations
and cash flows may be adversely affected.
In the Gas & Power segment, Eni faces strong competition from gas and energy players to sell gas and
electricity to the industrial segment and the retail market both in Italy and across Europe. Competition has
been fuelled by ongoing weak trends in demand due to the downturn and macroeconomic uncertainties,
oversupplied markets and inter-fuel competition due to the rising use of coal in firing power plants and a
growth in renewable sources of energy (such as photovoltaic and solar) which have materially impacted the
use of gas in the production of electricity and consequently, gas sales to the thermoelectric industry. These
market imbalances are owed to the fact that in past years, European operators committed to purchase large
amounts of gas under long-term supply contracts, with take-or-pay clauses from the main producing countries
bordering Europe (namely Russia and Algeria). These operators built large upgrades at existing pipelines and
new infrastructures along several European routes to expand gas import capacity to the Continent. They did
this based on certain long-term projections about gas demand growth. Due to the economic and financial
crisis and inter-fuel competition, those projected increases in gas demand failed to materialize resulting in a
situation of oversupply and pricing pressure. The "shale-gas revolution" in the United States was another
fundamental trend that added to the oversupply condition in the European marketplace. The discovery and
development of large deposits of shale gas in the United States have progressively reduced the country’s
dependence on LNG imports to zero. As a result of this, upstream producers were forced to redirect large
LNG supplies to markets elsewhere in the world, including Europe. Large gas availability on the marketplace
in Europe fuelled by take-or-pay contracts and worldwide LNG streams has driven the development of very
liquid continental hubs to trade spot gas. Shortly spot prices at continental hubs have become the main
benchmarks to which selling prices are indexed in supplies to large industrial customers and thermoelectric
utilities. The profitability of gas operators was negatively impacted by falling sales prices at those hubs, where
prices have been pressured by intense competition among gas operators in the face of weak demand,
oversupplies and the constraint to dispose of minimum annual volumes of gas to be purchased under long-tem
6
•
•
•
supply contracts. These negative trends were exacerbated by the fact that spot prices have ceased to track the
oil prices to which Eni’s long-term supply contracts are linked, resulting in a decoupling between trends in
prices and in costs. Due to those fundamental shifts in market dynamics and a current demand downturn, the
Company’s Gas & Power segment incurred operating losses in each of the latest three years (! 2,967 million,
! 3,125 million and ! 326 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively). Our gas marketing business’ outlook
will remain weak for the foreseeable future as management believes that the ongoing negative trends of poor
demand, continuing competition and oversupply have become structural headwinds. These developments may
adversely affect the Company’s future results of operations and cash flows in its gas business, also taking into
account the Company’s contractual obligations to collect minimum annual volumes of gas (pursuant to its
long-term gas supply contracts with take-or-pay clauses) and the Company’s efforts to re-negotiate new
pricing terms of such contracts, which better track market prices compared to the original oil-linked
indexation. See the sector-specific risk section below.
Eni is also facing competition from large, well-established European utilities and other international oil and
gas companies in growing its market share and acquiring or retaining customers. A number of large
customers, particularly electricity producers and large industrial buyers have entered the wholesale market of
gas by directly purchasing gas from producers or sourcing it at the continental spot markets adding further
pressures on the economics of gas operators, including Eni. Management believes that this trend will continue
in the future. At the same time, a number of national gas producers belonging to countries with large gas
reserves have started to sell natural gas directly to final customers, entering in direct competition with players
like Eni which resell gas purchased from producing countries to final customers. These developments may
increase the level of competition and reduce Eni’s expected operating profit and cash flows in the gas
business. Further, gas prices in the residential market have historically been established by independent,
governmental authorities in Italy and elsewhere in Europe. The indexation mechanisms used by those
authorities have generally tracked a basket of petroleum products, mirroring the oil-indexed purchase prices
of gas resellers like Eni, thus enabling resellers to pass a large part of cost increases of the raw material on to
final customers in the retail market. In recent years, the Italian Authority has introduced a number of
adjustments to the oil-linked formula to take into account the public goal of containing the impact of energy
inflation on households and other public services (such as hospitals and schools). Finally, following
enactment in Italy of a new regulatory regime which became effective October 1, 2013, management expects
that the Company’s selling margins in the residential segment are likely to come under pressure due to the
implementation of a less favorable indexation mechanism of the raw material cost in supplies to such
customers than in the past. This new mechanism establishes that the cost of the raw material be indexed to
market benchmarks recorded at spot markets, and replaces the previous oil-linked mechanism which mirrored
a basket of long-term supply contracts. The Company expects that similar measures will be introduced by
other market regulators in European countries where Eni sells gas to residential customers (see sector-specific
risk factors below). Management believes these developments will negatively impact future results of
operations and cash flow.
In its Gas & Power segment, Eni is vertically integrated in the production of electricity via its gas-fired power
plants which currently use the combined-cycle technology. In the electricity business, Eni competes with
other producers and traders from Italy or outside Italy who sell electricity in the Italian market. Going
forward, the Company expects continuing competition due to the projections of weak economic growth in
Italy and Europe over the foreseeable future, also causing outside players to place excess production on the
Italian market. The economics of the gas-fired electricity business have dramatically changed over the latest
few years due to ongoing competitive trends. Spot prices of electricity in the wholesale market across Europe
have decreased due to excess supplies driven by the growing production of electricity from renewable
sources, which also benefit from governmental subsides, and a recovery in the production of coal-fired
electricity generation which has been helped by a substantial reduction in the price of this fuel on the back of
a massive oversupply of coal which occurred on a global scale. As a result of falling electricity prices,
margins on the production of gas-fired electricity went into negative territory. We believe that the profitability
outlook in this business will remain weak in the foreseeable future. Due to the projections of negative future
cash flows, Eni decided to recognize an impairment charge of its power plants in the amount of approximately
! 1 billion in the 2013 consolidated accounts.
In the retail marketing of refined products both in Italy and outside Italy, Eni competes with oil companies
and non-oil operators (such as supermarket chains and other commercial operators) to obtain concessions to
establish and operate service stations. Eni’s service stations compete primarily on the basis of pricing,
services and availability of non-petroleum products. In Italy, the latest administrative measures in this field
have aimed to enhance the level of competition in the retail market of fuels, for example by easing the
commercial ties between independent and other non-oil operators of service stations and oil companies,
enlarging options to build and operate fully-automated service stations, and opening up the merchandising of
various kinds of goods and services at service stations. These developments have boosted the level of
competition in the marketplace adding further pressure on selling prices and reducing opportunities of
increasing the market share in Italy. We expect that competitive pressures will continue in the foreseeable
future due to anticipated weak trends in the domestic demand for fuels, oversupplies of refined products due
to existing excess refining capacity in Europe and growing competition of products streams coming from
Russia, the Middle East, East Asia and the United States. Finally, Eni’s margins on refined products have
been affected by production cost disadvantages due to unfavorable geographic location and lack of scale of
7
Eni’s refineries, and narrowing price differentials between the Brent benchmark and heavy crude qualities.
This latter trend has reflected ongoing reduced supplies of heavy crudes in the Mediterranean Area, reversing
the pattern observed historically whereby heavy crude qualities traded at a discount against the Brent
benchmark due to their relatively smaller yield of valuable products. This negative trend has particularly hit
Eni’s profitability of complex cycles which depends on the availability of cheaper crude qualities than the
Brent crude in order to remunerate the higher operating costs of complex plants. This segment reported losses
at the operating level in each of the latest three years (! 1,492 million, ! 1,264 million and ! 273 million in
2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively) driven by the structural headwinds in the industry described above. Based
on those trends we believe that the profitability outlook in our Refining & Marketing segment will remain
negative over the foreseeable future.
In the Chemical segment, Eni faces strong competition from well-established international players and
state-owned petrochemical companies, particularly in the most commoditized market segments such as the
production of basic petrochemical products and plastics. Many of those competitors based in the Far East and
Middle East are able to benefit from cost advantages due to larger scale, looser environmental regulations,
availability of cheaper feedstock, and more favorable location and proximity to end-markets. Excess capacity
and sluggish economic growth may exacerbate competitive pressures. Furthermore, Eni expects that
petrochemical producers based in the United States will regain market share in the future, leveraging on a
competitive cost structure due to the increasing availability of cheap feedstock deriving from the production
of domestic shale gas. The Company expects continuing margin pressures in the foreseeable future as a result
of those trends. This segment reported operating losses in each of the latest three years (! 725 million, ! 681
million and ! 424 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively) including significant amounts of asset
impairment losses, driven by the structural headwinds in the industry described above.
Competition in the oilfield services, construction and engineering industries is primarily based on technical
expertise, quality and number of services and availability of technologically advanced facilities (for example,
vessels for offshore construction). Lower oil prices could result in lower margins and lower demand for oil
services. In 2013, a soft demand environment, intense competition among oilfield service providers coupled
with Company-specific issues at certain projects drove a substantial reversal in the profitability of Eni’s
Engineering & Construction business segment which reported an operating loss of ! 98 million for the full
year 2013. The Company’s failure or inability to respond effectively to competition could adversely impact
the Company’s growth prospects, future results of operations and cash flows.
•
•
Safety, security, environmental and other operational risks
The Group engages in the exploration and production of oil and natural gas, processing, transportation, and
refining of crude oil, transport of natural gas, storage and distribution of petroleum products, production of base
chemicals, plastics and elastomers. By their nature the Group’s operations expose Eni to a wide range of significant
health, safety, security and environmental risks. The magnitude of these risks is influenced by the geographic range,
operational diversity and technical complexity of our activities. Eni’s future results from operations and liquidity
depend on its ability to identify and mitigate the risks and hazards inherent to operating in those industries.
In exploration and production, Eni faces natural hazards and other operational risks including those relating to the
physical characteristics of oil and natural gas fields. These include the risks of eruptions of crude oil or of natural gas,
discovery of hydrocarbon pockets with abnormal pressure, crumbling of well openings, leaks that can harm the
environment and the security of our personnel and risks of blowout, fire or explosion. Accidents at a single well can
lead to loss of life, damage or destruction to property, environmental damage and consequently potential economic
losses that could have a material and adverse effect on the business, results of operation, liquidity, reputation and
prospects of the Group.
Eni’s activities in the Refining & Marketing and Chemical segments also entail health, safety and environmental
risks related to the overall life cycle of the products manufactured, and to raw materials used in the manufacturing
process, such as oil-based feedstock, catalysts, additives and monomer feedstock. These risks can arise from the
intrinsic characteristics of the products involved (flammability, toxicity, or long-term environmental impacts such as
greenhouse gas emissions and risks of various forms of pollution and contamination of the soil and the groundwater),
their use, emissions and discharges resulting from their manufacturing process, and from recycling or disposing of
materials and wastes at the end of their useful life.
As for transportation activities related to all Eni’s segments of operations, the type of risk depends not only on the
hazardous nature of the products transported, but also on the transportation methods used (mainly pipelines, maritime,
river-maritime, rail, road, gas distribution networks), the volumes involved and the sensitivity of the regions through
which the transport passes (quality of infrastructure, population density, environmental considerations). All modes of
transportation of hydrocarbons are particularly susceptible to a loss of containment of hydrocarbons and other
hazardous materials, and, given the high volumes involved, could present a significant risk to people and the
environment.
8
The Company invests significant resources in order to upgrade the methods and systems for safeguarding the
safety and health of employees, contractors and communities, and the environment; to prevent risks; to comply with
applicable laws and policies; and to respond to and learn from unexpected incidents. Eni seeks to minimize these
operational risks by carefully designing and building facilities, including wells, industrial complexes, plants and
equipment, pipelines, storage sites and distribution networks, and managing its operations in a safe, compliant and
reliable manner. Failure to manage these risks could effectively result in unexpected incidents, including releases or oil
spills, blowouts, fire, mechanical failures and other incidents resulting in personal injury, loss of life, environmental
damage, legal liabilities and/or damage claims, destruction of crude oil or natural gas wells as well as damage to
equipment and other property, all of which could lead to a disruption in operations. Eni’s operations are often conducted
in difficult and/or environmentally sensitive locations such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Caspian Sea and the Arctic, in
which the consequences of any incident could be greater than in other locations. Eni also faces risks once production is
discontinued, because our activities require environmental site remediation.
Furthermore, in certain situations where Eni is not the operator, the Company may have limited influence and
control over third parties, which may limit our ability to manage and control such risks. The Company maintains
insurance to protect itself against the risk of damage to Company property and/or business interruption to the
Company’s main refining and petrochemical sites. In addition, the Company also maintains worldwide third-party
liability insurance coverage for all of its subsidiaries. Management believes that its insurance coverage is in line with
industry practice and sufficient to cover normal risks in its operations. However, the Company is not insured against all
potential risks. In the event of a major environmental disaster, for example, Eni’s liability may exceed the maximum
coverage provided by its third-party liability insurance. The loss Eni could suffer in the event of such disaster would
depend on all the facts and circumstances of the event and would be subject to a whole range of uncertainties, including
legal uncertainty as to the scope of liability for consequential damages, which may include economic damage not
directly connected to the disaster.
The occurrence of the above mentioned events could have a material adverse impact on the Group business,
competitive position, cash flow, results of operations, liquidity, future growth prospects, shareholders’ return and
damage the Group reputation.
The Company cannot guarantee that it will not suffer any uninsured loss and there can be no guarantee, particularly
in the case of a major environmental disaster or industrial accident, that such loss would not have a material adverse
effect on the Company.
Risks associated with the exploration and production of oil and natural gas
The exploration and production of oil and natural gas require high levels of capital expenditures and are subject to
natural hazards and other uncertainties, including those relating to the physical characteristics of oil and gas fields. A
description of the main risks facing the Company’s business in the exploration and production of oil and gas is provided
below.
(i) Eni’s oil and natural gas offshore operations are particularly exposed to health, safety, security and
environmental risks
Eni has material operations relating to the exploration and production of hydrocarbons located offshore. In 2013,
approximately 55% of our total oil and gas production for the year derived from offshore fields, mainly in Egypt, Libya,
Norway, Italy, Angola, Congo, the Gulf of Mexico, United Kingdom and Nigeria. Offshore operations in the oil and gas
industry are inherently riskier than onshore activities. As the Macondo accident in the Gulf of Mexico has shown, the
potential impacts of offshore accidents and spills to health, safety, security and the environment can be catastrophic due
to the objective difficulties in handling hydrocarbons containment and other factors. Further, offshore operations are
subject to marine perils, including severe storms and other adverse weather conditions and vessel collisions, as well as
interruptions or termination by governmental authorities based on safety, environmental and other considerations.
Failure to manage these risks could result in injury or loss of life, damage to property, environmental damage, and could
result in regulatory action, legal liability, loss of revenues and damage to our reputation and could have a material
adverse effect on our operations or financial condition.
(ii) Exploratory drilling efforts may be unsuccessful
Exploration drilling for oil and gas involves numerous risks including the risk of dry holes or failure to find
commercial quantities of hydrocarbons. The costs of drilling, completing and operating wells have margins of
uncertainty, and drilling operations may be unsuccessful as a result of a variety of factors, including geological play
9
failure, unexpected drilling conditions, pressure or heterogeneities in formations, equipment failures, blowouts and
other forms of accidents, and shortages or delays in the delivery of equipment. The Company also engages in
exploration drilling activities offshore and also in deep and ultra-deep waters, in remote areas, in environmentally-
sensitive locations (such as the Barents Sea). In these locations we generally experience more challenging conditions
and incur higher exploration costs than onshore. Failure to discover commercial quantities of oil and natural gas could
have an adverse impact on Eni’s future growth prospects, results of operations and liquidity. Because Eni plans to make
investments in executing high-profile and high-risk exploration projects, it is likely that Eni will incur exploration and
dry hole expenses in future years. These high-profile and high-risk projects generally involve sizeable plays located in
deep and ultra-deep waters or at higher depths where operations are more challenging and costly than in other areas.
Furthermore, deep and ultra-deep water operations may require significant time before commercial production of
discovered reserves can commence, increasing both the operational and financial risks associated with these activities.
The Company plans to conduct exploration projects offshore West Africa (Angola, Nigeria, Congo and Gabon), East
Africa (Mozambique and Kenya), South-East Asia (Indonesia, Vietnam and other locations), Australia, the Barents Sea,
the Black Sea and the Mediterranean (Cyprus). In 2013, the Company spent approximately ! 1.9 billion to conduct
exploration projects and it plans to spend approximately ! 1.4 billion on average in the next four-year plan on
exploration activities. Unsuccessful exploration activities and failure to discover additional commercial reserves could
reduce future production of oil and natural gas which is highly dependent on the rate of success of exploratory activity.
(iii) Development projects bear significant operational risks which may adversely affect actual returns
Eni is executing several development projects to produce and market hydrocarbon reserves. Certain projects target
the development of reserves in high-risk areas, particularly offshore and in remote and hostile environments or
environmentally sensitive locations. Eni’s future results of operations and liquidity depend heavily on its ability to
implement, develop and operate major projects as planned. Key factors that may affect the economics of these projects
include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
the outcome of negotiations with co-venturers, governments and state-owned companies, suppliers, customers
or others, including, for example, Eni’s ability to negotiate favorable long-term contracts to market gas
reserves;
the development of reliable spot markets that may be necessary to support the development of particular
production projects, or commercial arrangements for pipelines and related equipment to transport and market
hydrocarbons;
timely issuance of permits and licenses by government agencies;
the Company’s relative size compared to its main competitors which may prevent it from participating in
large-scale projects or affect its ability to reap benefits associated with economies of scale, for example by
obtaining more favorable contractual terms by suppliers of equipment and services;
the ability to carefully carry out front-end design engineering at any development projects so as to prevent the
occurrence of technical inconvenience during the execution phase;
delays in manufacturing and delivery of critical equipment, or shortages in the availability of such equipment,
causing cost overruns and delays;
risks associated with the use of new technologies and the inability to develop advanced technologies to
maximize the recoverability rate of hydrocarbons or gain access to previously inaccessible reservoirs;
poor performance in project execution on the part of international contractors who are awarded project
construction activities generally based on the EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) - turn key
contractual scheme. We believe this kind of risk may be due to lack of contractual flexibility, poor quality of
front-end design engineering and commissioning delays;
changes in operating conditions and cost overruns. In recent years, the industry has been impacted by
escalating costs of certain critical productive factors including specialized workforce, procurement costs and
costs for leasing third-party equipment or purchase services such as drilling rigs as a result of industry-wide
cost inflation, bottlenecks and other constraints in the worldwide production capacity available to build
critical equipment and facilities and growing complexity and scale of projects, including environmental and
safety costs. Furthermore, there has been an evolution in the location of our projects, as Eni has been
discovering increasingly important volumes of reserves in remote and harsh locations or environmentally
sensitive locations (i.e. the Barents Sea, Alaska, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caspian Sea) where Eni is
experiencing significantly higher operating costs and environmental, safety and other costs than in other
locations. The Company expects that costs in its upstream operations will continue to rise in the foreseeable
future;
the actual performance of the reservoir and natural field decline; and
the ability and time necessary to build suitable transport infrastructures to export production to final markets.
Poor project execution, inadequate front-end engineering, delays in the achievement of critical events and
production start-up, and differences between scheduled and actual timing, as well as cost overruns may adversely affect
the economic returns of our development projects. Failure to successfully deliver major projects could negatively
impact results of operations, cash flow and the achievement of short-term targets of production growth. Finally,
development and marketing of hydrocarbons reserves typically require several years after a discovery is made. This is
10
because a development project involves an array of complex and lengthy activities, including appraising a discovery in
order to evaluate its commercial potential, sanctioning a development project and building and commissioning related
facilities. As a consequence, rates of return for such long-lead-time projects are exposed to the volatility of oil and gas
prices and costs which may be substantially different from the prices and costs assumed when the investment decision
was actually made, leading to lower rates of return. In addition, projects executed with partners and co-venturers reduce
the ability of the Company to manage risks and costs, and Eni could have limited influence over and control of the
operations, behaviors and performance of its partners. Furthermore, Eni may not have full operation control of the joint
ventures in which it participates and may have exposure to counterparty credit risk and disruption of operation and
strategic objectives due to the nature of its relationships.
We have experienced a few delays at a number of development projects located mainly in Algeria, the United
Kingdom, Angola and Norway. Those delays were attributable to execution issues and delivery of critical equipment
reflecting capacity constraints. These events have impacted the timing profile of our planned production growth in the
short term.
In case the Company is unable to develop and operate major projects as planned, particularly if the Company fails
to accomplish budgeted costs and time schedules, it could incur significant impairment charges associated with reduced
future cash flows of those projects on capitalized costs.
(iv) Inability to replace oil and natural gas reserves could adversely impact results of operations and financial
condition
Eni’s results of operations and financial condition are substantially dependent on its ability to develop and sell oil
and natural gas. Unless the Company is able to replace produced oil and natural gas, its reserves will decline. In
addition to being a function of production, revisions and new discoveries, the Company’s reserve replacement is also
affected by the entitlement mechanism in its Production Sharing Agreements (PSAs) and similar contractual schemes.
In accordance with such contracts, Eni is entitled to a portion of a field’s reserves, the sale of which is intended to cover
expenditures incurred by the Company to develop and operate the field. The higher the reference prices for Brent crude
oil used to estimate Eni’s proved reserves, the lower the number of barrels necessary to recover the same amount of
expenditures. Future oil and gas production is dependent on the Company’s ability to access new reserves through new
discoveries, application of improved techniques, success in development activity, negotiation with countries and other
owners of known reserves and acquisitions. In a number of reserve-rich countries, national oil companies control a large
portion of oil and gas reserves that remain to be developed. To the extent that national oil companies decide to develop
those reserves without the participation of international oil companies or if the Company fails to establish partnership
with national oil companies, Eni’s ability to access or develop additional reserves will be limited.
An inability to replace produced reserves by finding, acquiring and developing additional reserves could adversely
impact future production levels and growth prospects. If Eni is unsuccessful, it may not meet its long-term targets of
production growth and reserve replacement, and Eni’s future total proved reserves and production will decline,
negatively affecting Eni’s future results of operations and financial condition.
(v) Changes in crude oil and natural gas prices may adversely affect Eni’s results of operations
The exploration and production of oil and gas is a commodity business with a history of price volatility. The single
largest variable that affects the Company’s results of operations and financial condition is crude oil prices. Lower crude
oil prices have an adverse impact on Eni’s results of operations and cash flows. Eni generally does not hedge exposure
of the future expected cash flows of the Group reserves to movements in crude oil price. As a consequence, Eni’s
profitability depends heavily on crude oil and natural gas prices. Crude oil and natural gas prices are subject to
international supply and demand and other factors that are beyond Eni’s control, including among other things:
(i)
the control on production exerted by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) member
countries which control a significant portion of the world’s supply of oil and can exercise substantial
influence on price levels;
(ii) global geopolitical and economic developments, including sanctions imposed on certain oil-producing
countries on the basis of resolutions of the United Nations or bilateral sanctions or disruptions due to local
instability. We believe that crude oil prices were supported in 2013 by a number of interruptions in the output
flows that occurred in countries like Libya, Nigeria and Syria due to local issues driven by political and social
instability;
(iii) global and regional dynamics of demand and supply of oil and gas. We believes that global oil demand will
grow at a moderate pace in the foreseeable future due to sluggish economic activity in Europe and other
macroeconomic uncertainties, and more efficient use of fuels and energy in OECD countries;
(iv) prices and availability of alternative sources of energy. Eni believes that gas demand in Europe has been
significantly impacted by a shift to the use of coal in firing power plants due to cost advantages compared to
11
gas, as well as the rising contribution of renewable energies in satisfying energy requirements. Eni expects
those trends to continue in the future;
(v) governmental and intergovernmental regulations, including the implementation of national or international
laws or regulations intended to limit greenhouse gas emissions, which could impact the prices of
hydrocarbons; and
(vi) success in developing and applying new technology.
All these factors can affect the global balance between demand and supply for oil and prices of oil.
We estimate that movements in oil prices impact our results with respect to approximately 50% of our current
production. Of the remaining portion, 35% is derived from production sharing contracts and is substantially unaffected
by crude oil price movements which instead impact the Company’s volume entitlements (see paragraph “Inability to
replace oil and natural gas reserves could adversely impact results of operations and financial condition” above). We
expect that the Company results of operations from 2014 onwards will reflect our decision late in 2013 to fully exploit
the benefits of the natural hedging occurring between our Exploration & Production and Gas & Power segments. We
estimate that going forward the exposure to changes in crude oil prices of approximately 8-10% of our production will
be offset by equal and opposite changes to the procurement costs of gas in our long-term supply contracts which, based
on the existing agreements, index the cost of gas to crude oil prices. In previous reporting periods we entered into
commodity derivatives to protect margins on gas sales in our Gas & Power business from exposure to crude oil changes
due to the progressive de-coupling that has occurred between the selling prices which have been indexed to spot prices
and the procurement oil-linked costs of gas, resulting in a growing exposure of the Gas & Power segment to crude oil
price movements. Late in 2013, we discontinued this hedging policy with a view to exploiting the natural hedge
provided by our equity production of crude oil. We expect that the operating results of the Gas & Power segment will
be more volatile as long as the gas purchase costs remain indexed the oil prices; at the same time the Group results as a
whole will be less exposed to crude oil prices movements than in past reporting periods. See the risk factors “Exposure
to financial risks” below.
Lower oil and gas prices over prolonged periods may also adversely affect Eni’s results of operations and cash
flows by: (i) reducing rates of return of development projects either planned or being implemented, leading the
Company to reschedule, postpone or cancel development projects, or accept a lower rate of return on such projects;
(ii) reducing the Group’s liquidity, entailing lower resources to fund expansion projects, further dampening the
Company’s ability to grow future production and revenues; and (iii) triggering a review of future recoverability of the
Company’s carrying amounts of oil and gas properties, which could lead to the recognition of significant impairment
charges.
(vi) Eni expects that tightening regulation in oil and gas activities following the Macondo accident will lead to
rising compliance costs and other restrictions
The production of oil and natural gas is highly regulated and is subject to conditions imposed by governments
throughout the world in matters such as the award of exploration and production interests, the imposition of specific
drilling and other work obligations, income taxes and taxes on production, environmental protection measures, control
over the development and abandonment of fields and installations, and restrictions on production. Following the
Macondo accident in the Gulf of Mexico, Eni expects that governments throughout the world will implement stricter
regulation on environmental protection, risk prevention and other forms of restrictions to drilling and other well
operations. These new regulations and legislation, as well as evolving practices, could increase the cost of compliance
and may also require changes to our drilling operations and exploration and development plans and may lead to higher
royalties and taxes.
(vii) Uncertainties in estimates of oil and natural gas reserves
Several uncertainties are inherent in estimating quantities of proved reserves and in projecting future rates of
production and timing of development expenditures. The accuracy of proved reserve estimates depends on a number of
factors, assumptions and variables, among which the most important are the following:
•
•
•
•
•
the quality of available geological, technical and economic data and their interpretation and judgment;
projections regarding future rates of production and costs and timing of development expenditures;
changes in the prevailing tax rules, other government regulations and contractual conditions;
results of drilling, testing and the actual production performance of Eni’s reservoirs after the date of the
estimates which may drive substantial upward or downward revisions; and
changes in oil and natural gas prices which could affect the quantities of Eni’s proved reserves since the
estimates of reserves are based on prices and costs existing as of the date when these estimates are made.
Lower oil prices or the projections of higher operating and development costs may impair the ability of the
Company to economically produce reserves leading to downward reserve revisions.
12
In particular the reserve estimates are subject to revisions as prices fluctuate due to the cost recovery mechanism
under the Company’s production sharing agreements and similar contractual schemes.
Many of these factors, assumptions and variables involved in estimating proved reserves are subject to change over
time therefore impacting the estimates of oil and natural gas reserves. Accordingly, the estimated reserves reported as of
the end of the period covered by this filing could be significantly different from the quantities of oil and natural gas that
will ultimately be recovered. Any downward revision in Eni’s estimated quantities of proved reserves would indicate
lower future production volumes, which could adversely impact Eni’s results of operations and financial condition.
(viii) Oil and gas activity may be subject to increasingly high levels of income taxes
The oil and gas industry is subject to the payment of royalties and income taxes which tend to be higher than those
payable in many other commercial activities. In addition, in recent years, Eni has experienced adverse changes in the
tax regimes applicable to oil and gas operations in a number of countries where the Company conducts its upstream
operations. As a result of these trends, management estimates that the tax rate applicable to the Company’s oil and gas
operations is materially higher than the Italian statutory tax rate for corporate profit which currently stands at 38%.
The tax rate of the Company’s Exploration & Production segment for the fiscal year 2013 was approximately 60%.
Management believes that the marginal tax rate in the oil and gas industry tends to increase in correlation with
higher oil prices which could make it more difficult for Eni to translate higher oil prices into increased net profit.
However, the Company does not expect that the marginal tax rate will decrease in response to falling oil prices. Adverse
changes in the tax rate applicable to the Group profit before income taxes in its oil and gas operations would have a
negative impact on Eni’s future results of operations and cash flows.
In the current uncertain financial and economic environment, governments are facing greater pressure on public
finances, which may increase their motivation to intervene in the fiscal framework for the oil and gas industry,
including the risk of increased taxation, nationalization and expropriations.
Eni’s results depend on its ability to identify and mitigate the above mentioned risks and hazards which are
inherent to Eni’s operation.
Political considerations
A substantial portion of Eni’s oil and gas reserves and gas supplies are located in countries which are politically,
socially and economically less stable than OECD countries. Therefore Eni is exposed to risks of material disruptions to
its operations in those less stable countries. As of December 31, 2013, approximately 78% of Eni’s proved hydrocarbon
reserves were located in such countries and 62% of Eni’s supplies of natural gas came from countries outside OECD
countries.
Adverse political, social and economic developments in any of those less stable countries may negatively affect
Eni’s ability to continue operating in an economic way, either temporarily or permanently, and Eni’s ability to access
oil and gas reserves. In particular, Eni faces risks in connection with the following issues:
(i)
lack of well-established and reliable legal systems and uncertainties surrounding enforcement of contractual
rights;
(ii) unfavorable developments in laws, regulations and contractual arrangements leading, for example, to
expropriations or forced divestitures of assets and unilateral cancellation or modification of contractual terms.
Eni is facing increasing competition from state-owned oil companies who are partnering Eni in a number of
oil and gas projects and properties in the host countries where Eni conducts its upstream operations. These
state-owned oil companies can change contractual terms and other conditions of oil and gas projects in order
to obtain a larger profit share from a given project, thereby reducing Eni’s profit share. Furthermore, as of
December 31, 2013, receivables for ! 575 million relating to cost recovery under certain petroleum contracts
in a non-OECD country were the subject of an arbitration proceeding;
(iii) restrictions on exploration, production, imports and exports;
(iv) tax or royalty increases (including retroactive claims); and
(v) civil and social unrest, internal conflicts and other forms of political instability, sabotages, strikes, acts of
violence and incidents. These risks could result in disruptions in the economic activity, loss of output, plant
closure, project delays, the loss of our personnel or assets, cause us to evacuate our personnel from certain
countries, cause us to increase spending on security worldwide, disrupt financial and commercial markets,
including the supply of and pricing for oil and natural gas, and generate greater political and economic
instability in some of the geographic areas in which we operate. Areas where we operate that have significant
risk include, but are not limited to: the Middle East, Libya, Egypt, Algeria, Nigeria, Angola, Indonesia,
Kazakhstan, Russia, and Venezuela. In addition, any possible reprisals as a consequence of military or other
13
action, such as acts of terrorism in the United States or elsewhere, could have a material adverse effect on our
business, consolidated results of operations, and consolidated financial condition. In 2013, our expected
production levels in Nigeria, Libya and Algeria were negatively impacted by continuing social unrest,
protests, strikes, acts of sabotage and theft which forced us to disrupt or reduce our producing activities with
an estimated cumulative loss of output of 110 KBOE/d for the year, negatively affecting our results of
operations and cash flow. In 2013, our production in Libya was 219 KBOE/d, down by 13% from 2012; in
Nigeria it was 120 KBOE/d, down by 19% from 2012. Looking forward, we expect those risks will continue
to affect our operations in those countries and we do not plan for any significant recovery in our production
plateau in both countries over the next couple of years. For more information about the status of our
operations in Libya see the paragraph below.
While the occurrence of those events is unpredictable, it is likely that the occurrence of such events could cause
Eni to incur material production losses or facility disruptions, and thus adversely impact Eni’s results of operations and
cash flow.
Risks associated with continuing political instability in North Africa and the Middle East
As at the end of 2013, approximately 28% of the Company’s proved oil and gas reserves were located in North
Africa and the Middle East. In 2011, several North African and Middle Eastern oil producing countries experienced an
extreme level of political instability that resulted in changes in governments, unrest and violence and consequential
economic disruptions.
The instability of the socio-political framework in those countries still represents an area of concern involving risks
and uncertainties for the foreseeable future; particularly in Libya in 2013, Eni’s production performance was negatively
impacted due to force majeure events reflecting ongoing instability in the socio-political context of the Country. It is
worth mentioning that in Libya Eni is currently engaged in the recovery of the full production plateau at its producing
assets in the Country, following the internal conflict of 2011 that forced the Company to shut down almost all its
producing facilities including gas exports for a period of about 8 months with a material impact on production volumes
and operating results of that year. Due to the complexity of the transition period, which the Country is currently
undergoing, Eni is still in the process of restoring the full production plateau. For the full year 2013 Eni’s facilities in
Libya produced the level of 219 KBOE/d, which is lower than the pre-crisis production plateau of approximately 270
KBOE/d attained in 2010.
In Egypt the internal situation seems to be still complex and in 2013, a new wave of political unrest and civil
clashes occurred, jeopardizing the economic activities in the Country. However, the Company has not experienced any
disruption at its producing activities in the Country to date.
The Company believes that the political outlook in North Africa and the Middle East remains an area of risk for
the Company’s operations, results and strategic development.
Risks associated with our presence in sanction targets
Eni is currently conducting certain residual oil and gas operations in Iran. The legislation and other regulations in
the United States and the European Union that target Iran and persons who have certain dealings with Iran may lead to
the imposition of sanctions on any persons doing business in Iran or with Iranian counterparties, unless specific
authorizations, exceptions and assurances apply, as it is currently the case for Eni.
United States measures towards Iran
The United States enacted the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (ISA), which required the President of the United States
to impose sanctions against any entity that is determined to have engaged in certain activities, including investment in
Iran’s petroleum sector. The ISA was amended in July 2010 by the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability and
Divestment Act of 2010 (CISADA) which sanctions activities that either: (i) facilitate the maintenance or expansion of
Iran’s domestic production of refined petroleum products, or (ii) contribute to the enhancement of Iran’s ability to
import refined petroleum products.
CISADA expanded the list of sanctions available to the President of the United States while at the same time
providing that an investigation need not be initiated, and may be terminated once began, if the President certifies in
writing to the U.S. Congress that the person whose activities in Iran were the basis for the investigation is no longer
14
engaging in those activities or has taken significant steps toward stopping the activities, and that the President has
received reliable assurances that the person will not knowingly engage in any sanctionable activity in the future.
It should be noted that after passage of CISADA, Eni engaged in discussions with officials of the U.S. State
Department, which administers the ISA, regarding Eni’s activities in Iran. On September 30, 2010, the U.S. State
Department announced that the U.S. Government, pursuant to a provision of the ISA added by CISADA that allows it
to avoid making a determination of sanctionability under the ISA with respect to any party that provides certain
assurances, would not make such a determination with respect to Eni based on Eni’s commitment to end its investments
in Iran’s energy sector and not to undertake new energy-related activity. The U.S. State Department further indicated at
that time that, as long as Eni acts in accordance with these commitments, it will not be regarded as a company of
concern for its past Iran-related activities.
The United States maintains however a broad and comprehensive economic sanctions targeting Iran that are
administrated by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC sanctions). These sanctions
generally restrict the dealings of U.S. citizens and persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. In addition,
Eni is aware of initiatives by certain U.S. states and U.S. institutional investors, such as pension funds, to adopt or
consider adopting laws, regulations or policies requiring divestment from, or reporting of interests in, companies that do
business with countries designated as states sponsoring terrorism. CISADA specifically authorized certain state and
local Iran-related divestment initiatives. If Eni’s operations in Iran are determined to fall within the scope of divestment
laws or policies, sales resulting from such divestment laws and policies, if significant, could have an adverse effect on
the value of Eni’s shares. Even if Eni’s activities in and with respect to Iran do not expose it to sanctions or divestment,
companies with investments in the oil and gas sectors in Iran may suffer reputational harm as a result of increased
international scrutiny.
Between the end of 2011 and 2013, the United States adopted new measures designed to intensify the scope of
U.S. sanctions against Iran, in particular related to the Iran’s energy and financial sectors.
Such restrictive measures are: the Executive Orders 13590 of November 21, 2011 and 13622 of July 31, 2012, the
Iran Threat Reduction and Syrian Human Rights Acts of August 10, 2012 (ITRSHRA), which expanded the
ISA/CISADA scope by increasing from three to five the minimum number of sanctions to be imposed in case of
violations of the energy sector restrictions; the National Defense Authorization Acts - 2012, related to transactions with
the Iranian Central Bank and transactions for the acquisition of Iranian crude oil and the National Defense
Authorization Acts - 2013, which, inter alia, adds the shipbuilding sector to those areas subject to sanctions. A waiver
was granted to Italy and other EU Member States in March 2012, in September 2013 and lastly renewed in March 2014
for a further 180-day period.
While Eni has no formal assurances that the U.S. State Department’s 2010 determination of non-sanctionability
under the ISA would similarly extend to sanctions under the measures issued in 2011, 2012 and 2013, during this
period, Eni has continued to inform the U.S. State Department of its Iran-related activities. Eni does not believe that its
activities in Iran (the completion of existing contracts which were notified to the U.S. Administration when the Special
Rule was applied) are sanctionable under such more recent measures described above.
European Union restrictive measures towards Iran
On July 26, 2010, the European Union adopted restrictive measures regarding Iran (referred to as the “EU
measures”). Among other things, the supply of equipment and technology is prohibited in the following sectors of the
oil and gas industry in Iran: refining, liquefied natural gas, exploration and production. The prohibition extends to
technical assistance, training and financing and financial assistance in connection with such items. Transactions arising
from contracts signed before the sanctions entered into force are allowed.
On March 23, 2012, the Council of the European Union enacted a regulation, repealing the measures adopted on
July 26, 2010, prohibiting the import, transport and purchase of Iranian crude oil and petroleum products. The rules
allow for the performance of contracts, entered into force before January 23, 2012, whereby the supply of Iranian crude
oil and petroleum products is intended to reimburse outstanding receivables due to entities under the jurisdiction of EU
Member States.
In 2012, the Council of the European Union adopted other restrictive measures against Iran including among
others: prohibition of the transactions between the European Union and Iranian banks and financial institutions, unless
an authorization is granted in advance by the relevant Member State, an embargo on the supply to Iran and use in Iran
of key equipment or technology which could be used in the sectors of the oil, natural gas and petrochemical industries,
starting from April 15, 2013.
Furthermore, the new measures designate new Iranian entities as subject to the asset freeze, including the Iranian
oil and gas industry companies (the National Iranian Oil Co and its subsidiary operating companies).
15
The European measures provide for a waiver of certain prohibitions (i.e. embargo on oil and gas key technologies,
prohibition to supply of vessels for the purpose of transporting Iranian oil, asset freeze of the National Iranian Co and its
subsidiaries) in order to perform obligations under contracts entered into before January 23, 2012, which provide for the
supply of Iranian crude oil and petroleum products as a reimbursement of outstanding receivables due to entities under
the jurisdictions of EU Member States by Iranian counterparties. According to these waivers, Eni received from the
competent European Member States’ Authorities the relevant authorizations in order to carry out its upstream and oil
import activities.
Eni has been operating in Iran for several years under four service contracts (South Pars, Darquain, Dorood and
Balal, these latter two projects being operated by another international oil company) entered into with the National
Iranian Oil Co (NIOC) between 1999 and 2001, and no other exploration and development contracts have been entered
into since then. Under such service contracts, Eni has carried out development operations in respect of certain oilfields,
and is entitled to recovery of expenditures made, as well as a service fee. All projects mentioned above have been
completed or substantially completed; the Darquain project, is in the process of final commissioning and is being
handed over to the NIOC. Eni is providing services in advance of the hand-over of the oilfield to NIOC and retains
certain technical assistance and service obligations, and an obligation to provide, upon request, spare parts and supplies
for field maintenance and operations. In 2013, Eni incurred $2 million to provide such activities and services and does
not expect to incur further operating costs in this respect since the relevant obligations are going to expire.
Eni’s projects in Iran are currently in the cost recovery phase. Therefore, Eni has ceased making any further
investment in the Country and is not planning to make additional capital expenditures in Iran in future years. In 2013,
Eni’s production in Iran averaged 4 KBOE/d, representing less than 1% of the Eni Group’s total production for the year.
Eni’s entitlement in 2013 represented approximately 3% of the overall production from the oil and gas fields that Eni
has developed in Iran. Eni believes that the results from its Iranian activities are immaterial to the Group’s results of
operations and cash flow.
The Company’s Refining & Marketing segment has historically purchased amounts of Iranian crude oil under term
contracts and on a spot basis. Eni purchased 976 ktonnes and 498 ktonnes in 2011, and 2012, respectively. Eni paid
NIOC $742 million in 2011 and $396 million in 2012. In June 2012, as a consequence of the European restrictive
measures Eni ceased to buy Iranian crude oil. In accordance with the European Union sanctions regime, Eni has been
authorized by the competent European Authorities to import only volumes necessary to collect outstanding receivables
towards Iranian counterparties.
Eni has no involvement in Iran’s refined petroleum sector and does not export refined petroleum to Iran.
Finally, Eni’s Chemical segment licensed a number of technologies in Iran in past years, relating to
plastics/elastomers and relevant raw materials, but it never supplied equipment or materials for plant construction. By
April 2013, Eni had suspended all contracts to comply with EU restrictions.
Eni will continue to monitor closely legislative and other developments in the United States and the European
Union in order to determine whether its remaining interests in Iran could subject Eni to application of either current or
future sanctions under the OFAC sanctions, the ISA, the EU measures or otherwise. If any of its activities in and with
respect to Iran are found to be in violation of any Iran-related sanctions, and sanctions are imposed on Eni, it could have
an adverse effect on Eni’s business, plans to raise financing, sales and reputation.
In previous years Eni has had marginal commercial transactions with Syria
Our contacts with Syria have regarded mainly the purchase of limited amounts of Syrian-originated crude oil and
certain preliminary activities under a contract awarded to our partially-owned subsidiary Saipem SpA as described
below. All such activities have ceased since 2012.
In 2011, our Refining & Marketing business purchased 243 ktonnes of crude oil from Syrian Petrol Co which we
understand to be an affiliate of the Syrian Government. We paid $175 million for those transactions. Those amounts
represented less than 1% of total volumes of crude oil purchased by this business segment for the year, which were
equal to 31.4 mmtonnes, and the amount paid to Syrian Petrol Co represented significantly less than 1% of our
consolidated purchases of goods and raw materials for the year (! 61 billion). In 2011, we also purchased 165 ktonnes of
crude oil for a purchase cost of $123 million from certain international traders who, according to bills of loading and
shipping documentation available to us, we believe purchased that crude oil from Syrian companies.
In addition, in 2011, we sold 127 ktonnes of refined products, mainly gasoline, to a Syrian company amounting to
$114 million. Those amounts represented significantly less than 1% of our sales volumes of refined products and
consolidated net revenues for the year (45 mmtonnes and ! 108 billion, respectively). In 2011, we also sold limited
amounts of refined products (61 ktonnes for a consideration of $61 million), mainly gasoline, to certain international
traders who, according to bills of loading and shipping documentation available to us, then resold the products to Syrian
16
companies. Finally, in 2011, we executed two time charter contracts for our vessels with international oil companies
which involved Syrian ports.
In 2012, we suspended any crude-related operations and sale of refined products with Syria and no further
purchases of crude oil from Syrian counterparties or sale of refined products to Syria have been made in 2012, in 2013
and up to date.
In 2011, our partially-owned subsidiary Saipem SpA carried out limited activities relating to the procurement of
goods and preliminary arrangements with suppliers as part of a contract awarded in 2010 by Dijla Petroleum Co, which
is an affiliate of the Syrian National Oil Co. This contract is a lump sum, turn-key contract to build a central processing
facility with a daily capacity of 50,000 barrels of liquids at the Khurbet East oil field, for approximately ! 100 million.
No activities have been executed in situ and the contract has then been suspended indefinitely due to security issues.
Other than as described above, Eni is not currently investing in the Country, and it has no contractual arrangements
in place to invest in the Country.
We continue to believe that our operations in Syria have historically been and continue to be immaterial to our
Group’s consolidated revenues, operating profit, cash flow and assets.
Situation in Russia and Ukraine
Eni is closely monitoring developments of the situation in Ukraine and Crimea and any related regulations and/or
economic sanctions that could be adopted by the authorities. It is possible that wider sanctions covering the Russian
energy, banking and/or finance industries may be implemented. Among other activities, Eni: is part of a strategic
cooperation agreement for exploration activities in the Russian sections of the Barents and Black Sea; holds a 50%
interest in the Blue Stream pipeline (which links the Russian and Turkish coasts). Further sanctions imposed on Russia
from the international community, such as, for example, enacting restrictions on purchases of Russian gas or restricting
dealings with Russian counterparties could adversely impact Eni’s results of operations and cash flow.
Cyclicality of the petrochemical industry
The petrochemical industry is subject to fluctuations in demand in response to macroeconomic cycles, leading to
volatile results of operations and cash flow. It is a highly competitive industry due to lack of entry barriers, product
commoditization and excess capacity, which may exacerbate the impact of any demand downturns on the results
reported by our Chemical business. Eni’s chemical operations have been facing increasing competition from Asian
companies and the petrochemical arm of national oil companies based in the Middle East which can leverage on
long-term competitive advantages in terms of lower operating costs and cheaper feedstock costs. In particular, Eni’s
competitors based in the Middle East are benefiting from the large availability of gas-based feedstock which provides a
cost advantage compared to the oil-based feedstock used at Eni’s operations. Management also expects that U.S.-based
petrochemical companies will regain competitiveness in the medium-term leveraging on the large domestic availability
of raw materials which can be extracted from shale gas.
Eni’s chemical operations are located mainly in Italy and Western Europe where the expenses to comply with
environmental, safety and security rules may be higher than in most Asian countries due to an established regulatory
framework and public environmental sensitivity. Additionally, Eni’s petrochemical operations lack sufficient scale and
competitiveness at a number of sites due in part to geographic location and other structural weaknesses. Due to poor
industry fundamentals, intense competitive pressures, high feedstock costs, coupled with company-specific issues, Eni’s
chemical operations incurred losses at the operating level in each of the latest three years (! 725 million, ! 681 million
and ! 424 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively). Management expects that in the foreseeable future results and
cash flow at our chemical business could be adversely affected by a weak economic outlook in Italy and Europe.
Furthermore, rising costs of oil-based feedstock represent a risk to the profitability of the Company’s petrochemical
operations as it may be difficult to preserve product margins due to the high level of competition in the industry and the
commoditized nature of many of Eni’s products.
17
Risks in the Company Gas & Power business
(i) Risks associated with the trading environment and competition in the industry
2013 marked the third consecutive year of operating losses at our Gas & Power segment which was driven by a
prolonged demand downturn, strong competitive pressures and gas oversupplies. The Company expects those structural
headwinds to continue to adversely impact results of operations and liquidity for the foreseeable future.
The Company’s gas marketing business reported operating losses and negative cash flow in each of the latest three
years driven by changed competitive dynamics in the European gas sector on the back of a prolonged demand
downturn. Gas demand has been severely hit by the economic slowdown in Europe and, more importantly, a steep fall
of gas consumption in the thermoelectric sector. The latter trend was affected by an ongoing expansion of renewable
sources of electricity which have benefited from governmental subsides across Europe, whilst coal has displaced gas on
a large scale in firing power plants due to cost advantages and lowering rates for obtaining emission allowances in
Europe due to the downturn. Coal prices have seen a dramatic fall in recent years due to a massive glut of coal on a
global scale. In the face of weak demand, supplies on the European marketplace have continued to increase due to a
number of factors. First of all, before the beginning of the downturn gas wholesaler operators in Europe grossly
overestimated the projected growth rates in demand and committed to purchase large amounts of gas under long-tem
supply contracts with producing countries also bearing the volume risk as a result of the take-or-pay clause of those
contracts. They also built large pipeline upgrade to import gas to Europe. Secondly, several LNG projects came on
stream, which improved the liquidity of spot markets. Finally, the fact that the United States has reduced their
dependence on LNG imports due to large increases in the domestic production of shale gas. This latter development has
further added to global LNG supplies. These trends have driven the expansion of very liquid continental hubs where
spot prices have become the prevailing benchmark of sale contracts, particularly in the industrial and thermoelectric
segments. Spot prices have been on a downtrend over the last few years reflecting oversupplies and weak demand. This
trend has hit the profitability of European gas marketing operators, including Eni. Particularly, our results of operations
for 2013 were adversely impacted by a faster than anticipated alignment between continental benchmarks and spot
prices at Italian hubs leading to sharply lower price realizations in the Italian wholesale market. In addition trends in
sales prices have not been reflected in the procurement costs of gas supplies as European gas operators procure their gas
supplies under long-term contracts with producing countries whereby the cost of gas is generally indexed to the price of
crude oil and other derivatives which have diverged from trends in gas spot prices. Therefore wholesale margins on gas
were squeezed due to this decoupling which has occurred between spot prices and the oil-linked costs of purchased gas.
Adding to the pressure, reduced sales opportunities due to weak demand forced operators to compete even more
aggressively on pricing to limit the financial risks associated with the take-or-pay clause provided by the long-term
supply contracts. On their part, large clients adopted opportunistic supply patterns, in order to take advantage of the
large availability of spot gas. Finally governmental administrations in several European countries have started to review
the indexation mechanism of supply tariffs in the retail sector in order to make residential customers benefit from the
ongoing trend in gas spot markets. In Italy, administrative bodies have already enacted effective October 1, 2013 a new
indexation mechanism of the cost of the raw material in pricing formulas of the safeguarded retail market whereby the
cost of gas in currently indexed to spot prices thus replacing the previous oil-linked indexation. This development will
reduce our margins in the residential sector. See “Regulation of the natural gas market in Italy” below.
We forecast that market conditions will remain unfavorable in the gas sector in Italy and Europe for the
foreseeable future due to the structural headwinds described above, volatile commodity prices and lack of visibility. We
anticipate a number of risk factors to the profitability outlook of the Company’s gas marketing business over the next
two to three years. Those include weak demand growth due to a projected slow recovery in the Euro-zone and
macroeconomic uncertainties, declining thermoelectric consumption due to inter-fuel competition, continuing
oversupplies and strong competition. Eni believes that those trends will negatively impact the gas marketing business
future results of operations and cash flows by reducing gas selling prices and margins, also considering Eni’s
obligations under its take-or-pay supply contracts (see below).
The Company is seeking to improve its cost competitiveness by renegotiating more favorable contractual terms
with our long-term suppliers. If we fail to achieve this, our profitability could be adversely affected
The Company’s long-term supply contracts provide clauses whereby the parties are entitled to renegotiate pricing
terms and other contractual conditions from time to time to reflect a changed market environment. The Company is
currently seeking to renegotiate better terms and pricing of our long-term supply contracts to align its cost structure to
prices prevailing in the marketplace in order to preserve the profitability of its gas operations and to reduce the annual
minim take of its contracts dictated by the take-or-pay clause in order to be more flexible in the current weak demand
environment. If Eni fails to obtain the planned benefits, future results and cash flow could be adversely affected.
Furthermore, management believes that the results of the Gas & Power segment will become more volatile and
unpredictable in future years as contractual renegotiations take time to define, possibly leading to large one-off price
adjustments recorded in the reporting period when the new terms are agreed upon. In addition, in case the parties fail to
arrange renewed contractual terms, both of them may seek an arbitration ruling, which would increase the uncertainty
18
regarding the final outcome of the renegotiation process. A number of clients, to whom Eni supply on long-term basis,
have already requested, and may request in the future, price revisions and other contractual changes.
The Company expects that current imbalances between demand and supply in the European gas market will persist
for sometime
Gas demand fell significantly in 2013, down by 7% and 1% in Italy and Europe respectively, driven by the
economic downturn and sharply lower gas consumption in the thermoelectric sector. While there are signs that demand
may have finally bottomed by end of 2013, there is still little visibility on the evolution of gas demand due to the risks
and uncertainties associated with a number of ongoing trends:
•
•
•
•
uncertainties and volatility in the macroeconomic cycle; particularly the anticipated slow recovery of the
economic activity in Europe will weigh on the prospects of any sustainable rebound in gas demand;
EU policies intended on one hand to reduce greenhouse gas emissions which should negatively impact the
consumption of coal in producing electricity to advantage of gas; on the other hand continuing subsides to
promote the development of renewable energy sources might jeopardize a recovery in gas-fired thermoelectric
production which management still consider to be potentially the main engine of growth in gas demand;
concrete developments following the announcement made by certain national governments in Europe to shut
down nuclear plants; and
growing adoption of consumption patterns and life-styles characterized by wider sensitivity to energy
efficiency.
Against these ongoing trends, management has revised downward its estimates for gas demand: an almost flat
demand environment in Italy and Europe has been assumed up to 2017 compared to previous years’ assumptions made
in the industrial plan 2013-2016 of a growth rate of 1.7-1.8%. It is worth mentioning that the projected levels of
European gas demand in 2017 are significantly lower than the pre-crisis levels registered in 2008 as a result of weak
fundamentals.
The projected moderate dynamics in demand might not be enough to balance the current situation of oversupply in
the marketplace over the next two to three years according to management’s estimates. Gas supplies have been built up
in recent years as new, large investments to upgrade import pipelines to Europe have come online from Russia and
Algeria and gas wholesalers have contracted important volume of supplies under long-tem arrangement in past years,
forecasting certain trends in demand which actually failed to materialize. Furthermore, in the near future management
expects the start-up of new infrastructures in various European entry points which will add large amounts of new import
capacity over the next few years. Those include a new line of the North Stream pipeline connecting Russia to Germany
through the Baltic Sea, as well as new LNG facilities. In Italy, the gas offered will increase moderately in the future as a
new LNG plant is expected to start operations in Livorno with a 4 BCM treatment capacity and effects are in place of
Law Decree No. 130/2010 about storage capacity which is expected to increase by 4 BCM by 2015. Those negatives
will be partially tempered by a declining availability of LNG on a worldwide scale which has been absorbed by growing
energy requirements from East Asian economies. In addition Europe’s internal production is maturing. However, in the
long-term management expects the start-up of an array of LNG projects which are expected to contribute significantly
to global LNG supplies, as well as an increasing willingness as part of the United States to support the development of
gas exports from the domestic production. Overall we expect a well supplied global gas market in the long term.
These trends represent risks to the Company’s future results of operations and cash flows in its gas business.
Current, negative trends in gas demands and supplies may impair the Company’s ability to fulfill its minimum
collection obligations in connection with its take-or-pay, long-term gas supply contracts
In order to secure long-term access to gas availability, particularly with a view of supplying the Italian gas market
and anticipating certain trends in gas demand which actually failed to materialize, Eni has signed a number of long-term
gas supply contracts with national operators of key producing countries that supply the European gas markets. These
contracts have been ensuring approximately 80 BCM of gas availability from 2010 (including the Distrigas portfolio of
supplies and excluding Eni’s other subsidiaries and affiliates) with an average residual life of approximately 14 years
and a pricing mechanism that indexes the cost of gas to the price of crude oil and its products (gasoil, fuel oil, etc.).
These contracts include take-or-pay clauses whereby the Company is required to collect minimum, preset volumes of
gas in each year of the contractual term or, in case of failure, to pay the whole price, or a fraction of that price, up to the
minimum contractual quantity. The take-or-pay clause entitles the Company to collect pre-paid volumes of gas in later
years during the period of contract execution. Amounts of cash prepayments and time schedules for collecting pre-paid
gas vary from contract to contract. Generally, cash prepayments are calculated on the basis of the energy prices current
in the year when the Company is scheduled to purchase the gas, with the balance due in the year when the gas is
actually purchased. Amounts of prepayments range from 10 to 100% of the full price.
19
The right to collect pre-paid gas expires within a ten-year term in some contracts or remains in place until contract
expiration in other arrangements. In addition, the right to collect the pre-paid gas can be exercised in future years
provided that the Company has fulfilled its minimum take obligation in a given year and within the limit of the
maximum annual quantity. In this case, Eni will pay the residual price calculating it as the percentage that complements
100%, based on the arithmetical average of monthly base prices current in the year of the collection. Similar
considerations apply to ship-or-pay contractual obligations.
Management believes that the current market outlook pointing to weak gas demand growth and large gas
availability, the possible evolution of sector-specific regulation, as well as strong competitive pressures in the
marketplace represent risk factors to the Company’s ability to fulfill its minimum take obligations associated with its
long-term supply contracts.
Since the beginning of the downturn in the European gas market late in 2009, Eni has incurred the take-or-pay
clause as the Company collected lower volumes than its minimum take obligations in each of those years accumulating
deferred costs amounting to ! 1.9 billion and has paid the relevant cash advances.
Considering ongoing market trends and the Company’s outlook for its sales volumes which are anticipated to
remain flat or to decrease slightly in 2014 and in subsequent years, management believes that the Company’s ability to
fulfill its minimum take obligations under current take-or-pay contracts might be at risk. In order to reduce the financial
risk the Company may decide to dispose of its gas availability deriving from its minimum take obligations by selling
that gas at lower prices thus negatively impacting the results of operations.
In addition to the financial risk, failure to collect the contractual minimum amounts exposes the Company to a
price risk, because the purchase price Eni will ultimately be required to pay is based on future energy prices which may
be higher than the energy prices prevailing when the take-or-pay obligation arose. In addition, Eni is subject to the risk
of not being able to dispose of pre-paid volumes should the total addressable market be smaller than the Company’s gas
availability in the relevant period. Furthermore, the deferred costs recognized in the balance sheet is stated at the
purchase cost or the net realizable value, whichever is lower, thus exposing the Company to losses in case gas prices
continue to fall. Finally, the Company expects to incur financing costs considering the cash advances already paid to its
suppliers.
As a result of those risks, the Company’s selling margins, results of operations and cash flow may be negatively
affected.
(ii) Risks associated with sector-specific regulations in Italy
Risks associated with the regulatory powers entrusted to the Italian Authority for Electricity and Gas in the matter
of pricing to residential customers
The Authority for Electricity and Gas (the AEEG) is entrusted with certain powers in the matter of natural gas
pricing. Specifically, the AEEG holds a general surveillance power on pricing in the natural gas market in Italy and the
power to establish selling tariffs for the supply of natural gas to residential and commercial users consuming less than
50,000 CM/y (as provided for by Resolution ARG/gas No. 64/2009) taking into account the public goal of containing
the inflationary pressure due to rising energy costs. Accordingly, decisions of the AEEG on these matters may limit the
ability of Eni to pass an increase in the cost of the raw material onto final consumers of natural gas. Historically, the
indexation mechanism set by the AEEG essentially provided that the cost of the raw material in the pricing formula to
the residential sector was indexed to crude oil prices. This allowed Eni to maintain profitable operations in the retail
market since selling prices mirrored supply costs.
However, following a wave of governmental measures intended to spur competition in the domestic markets, the
AEEG with Resolution No. 196 effective October 1, 2013, reformulated the pricing mechanism of gas supplies to retail
customers by introducing a full indexation of the raw material cost component of the tariff to spot prices. The new tariff
regime intends to partially offset the negative impact to be born by wholesalers by introducing certain tariff
components, applicable for the next two thermal years, in order to provide a gradual transition from oil-linked prices to
spot market determined prices, to cover the costs of the transition to the new supply formula and to favor an effective
renegotiation of long-term contracts for importing gas. Management believes that this development is likely to
negatively affect the profitability of the Company’s sales in the residential market in Italy because it is expected that
trends in spot prices will be less favorable than the oil-linked cost of gas supplies to the Group, thus limiting the ability
to pass cost increases to clients. This is likely to adversely affect the Company’s future results and cash flow.
20
Antitrust and competition law
The Group’s activities are subject to antitrust and competition laws and regulations in many countries of
operations, especially in Europe. It is possible that the Group may incur significant loss provisions in future years
relating to ongoing antitrust proceedings or new proceedings that may possibly arise. The Group is particularly exposed
to this risk in its natural gas, refining and marketing and petrochemical activities due to the fact that Eni is the
incumbent operator in those markets in Italy and a large European player. Furthermore, based on the findings of
antitrust proceedings, plaintiffs could seek payment to compensate for any alleged damages as a result of antitrust
business practices on part of Eni. Both these risks could adversely affect the Group’s future results of operations and
cash flows.
Environmental, health and safety regulations
Eni has incurred in the past and expects to incur significant operating expenses and expenditures in relation to
compliance with applicable environmental, health and safety regulations in future years
Eni is subject to numerous EU, international, national, regional and local environmental, health and safety laws
and regulations concerning its oil and gas operations, products and other activities. Generally, these laws and
regulations require the acquisition of a permit before drilling for hydrocarbons may commence, restrict the types,
quantities and concentration of various substances that can be released into the environment in connection with
exploration, drilling and production activities, as well as refining, petrochemical and other Group’s operations, limit or
prohibit drilling activities in certain protected areas, require to remove and dismantle drilling platforms and other
equipment and well plug-in once oil and gas operations have terminated, provide for measures to be taken to protect the
safety of the workplace and health of communities involved by the Company’s activities, and impose criminal or civil
liabilities for polluting the environment or harming employees’ or communities’ health and safety resulting from oil,
natural gas, refining, petrochemical and other Group’s operations.
These laws and regulations also regulate emissions of substances and pollutants, handling of hazardous materials
and discharges to surface and subsurface of water resulting from the operation of oil and natural gas extraction and
processing plants, petrochemical plants, refineries, service stations, vessels, oil carriers, pipeline systems and other
facilities owned by Eni. In addition, Eni’s operations are subject to laws and regulations relating to the production,
handling, transportation, storage, disposal and treatment of waste materials.
Breach of environmental, health and safety laws expose the Company’s employees to criminal and civil liability
and the Company to the incurrence of liabilities associated with compensation for environmental, health or safety
damage as well as damage to its reputation. Additionally, in the case of violation of certain rules regarding the
safeguard of the environment and safety in the workplace, the Company can be liable for negligent or willful conduct
on part of its employees as per Law Decree No. 231/2001.
Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations have a substantial impact on Eni’s operations. Management
expects that the Group will continue to incur significant amounts of operating expenses and expenditures to comply
with laws and regulations addressing the safeguard of the environment, safety on the workplace, health of employees,
contractors and communities involved by the Company operations, including:
•
•
•
•
costs to prevent, control, eliminate or reduce certain types of air and water emissions and handle waste and
other hazardous materials, including the costs incurred in connection with government action to address
climate change;
remedial and clean-up measures related to environmental contamination or accidents at various sites,
including those owned by third parties (see discussion below);
damage compensation claimed by individuals and entities, including local, regional or state administrations,
caused by our activities or accidents; and
costs in connection with the decommissioning and removal of drilling platforms and other facilities, and well
plugging.
Furthermore, in the countries where Eni operates or expects to operate in the near future, new laws and regulations,
the imposition of tougher license requirements, increasingly strict enforcement or new interpretations of existing laws
and regulations or the discovery of previously unknown contamination may also cause us to incur material costs
resulting from actions taken to comply with such laws and regulations, including:
• modifying operations;
•
•
•
installing pollution control equipment;
implementing additional safety measures; and
performing site clean-ups.
21
As a further result of any new laws and regulations or other factors, Eni may also have to curtail, modify or cease
certain operations or implement temporary shutdowns of facilities, which could diminish our productivity and
materially and adversely impact our results of operations, including profits.
Security threats require continuous assessment and response measures. Acts of terrorism against our plants and
offices, pipelines, transportation or computer systems could severely disrupt businesses and operations and could cause
harm to people.
Existing or future laws, regulations, treaties or international agreements related to greenhouse gases and climate
change could have a negative impact on our business and may result in additional compliance obligations with respect
to the release, capture, and use of carbon dioxide that could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity,
consolidated results of operations, and consolidated financial condition.
Changes in environmental requirements related to greenhouse gases and climate change may negatively impact
demand for oil and natural gas exploration and production may decline as a result of environmental requirements
(including land use policies responsive to environmental concerns). State, national, and international governments and
agencies have been evaluating climate-related legislation and other regulatory initiatives that would restrict emissions of
greenhouse gases in areas in which we conduct business. Because our business depends on the global demand for oil
and natural gas, existing or future laws, regulations, treaties, or international agreements related to greenhouse gases
and climate change, including incentives to conserve energy or use alternative energy sources, could have a negative
impact on our business if such laws, regulations, treaties, or international agreements reduce the worldwide demand for
oil and natural gas. Likewise, such restrictions may result in additional compliance obligations with respect to the
release, capture, sequestration, and use of carbon dioxide that could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity,
consolidated results of operations, and consolidated financial condition.
Eni has incurred in the past and may incur in the future material environmental liabilities in connection with the
environmental impact of its past and present industrial activities. Also plaintiffs may seek to obtain compensation
for damage resulting from events of contamination and pollution
Risks of environmental, health and safety incidences and liabilities are inherent in many of Eni’s operations and
products. Notwithstanding management’s belief that Eni adopts high operational standards to ensure the safety of its
operations and the protection of the environment and the health of people and employees, it is possible that incidents
like blowouts, oil spills, contaminations and similar events could occur that would result in damage to the environment,
employees and communities. The occurrence of any such events could have a material adverse impact on the Group
business, competitive position, cash flow, results of operations, liquidity, future growth prospects, shareholders’ return
and damage to the Group reputation.
We are exposed to claims under environmental requirements and, from time to time, such claims have been made
against us. In Italy, environmental requirements and regulations typically impose strict liability. Strict liability means
that in some situations we could be exposed to liability for clean-up and remediation costs, natural resource damages,
and other damages as a result of our conduct that was lawful at the time it occurred or the conduct of prior operators or
other third parties.
We are periodically notified of potential liabilities at Italian sites. These potential liabilities may arise from both
historical Eni’s operations and the historical operations of companies that we have acquired, including a number of
industrial sites that the Company disposed of, liquidated, closed or shut down in prior years where Group products have
been produced, processed, stored, distributed or sold, such as chemical plants, mineral-metallurgic plants, refineries and
other facilities. At those industrial locations Eni has commenced a number of initiatives to restore and clean-up
proprietary or concession areas that were allegedly contaminated and polluted by the Group’s industrial activities.
Notwithstanding the Group’s claims that it cannot be held liable for such past contaminations (as permitted by
applicable regulations in case of declaration rendered by a guiltless owner i.e. as a result of our conduct that was lawful
at the time it occurred) several public administrations have been acting against Eni to claim both the environmental
damages, as well as measures to perform additional clean-up and remediation projects in a number of civil and
administrative proceedings. We also could be subject to third-party claims, including punitive damages, with respect to
environmental matters for which we have been named as a potentially responsible party. Our exposure at these sites
may be materially impacted by unforeseen adverse developments both in the final remediation costs and with respect to
the final allocation among the various parties involved at the sites.
22
We expect remedial and clean-up activities at our sites to continue the foreseeable future impacting Eni’s liquidity.
As of December 31, 2013, the Group has accrued risk provisions to cope with all existing environmental liabilities
whereby both a legal or constructive obligation to perform a clean-up or other remedial actions is in place and the
associated costs can be reasonably estimated. The accrued amounts represent the management’s best estimates of the
Company’s liability.
Management believes that it is possible that in the future Eni may incur significant environmental expenses and
liabilities in addition to the amounts already accrued due to: (i) the likelihood of as yet unknown contamination; (ii) the
results of ongoing surveys or surveys to be carried out on the environmental status of certain of Eni’s industrial sites as
required by the applicable regulations on contaminated sites; (iii) unfavorable developments in ongoing litigation on the
environmental status of certain of the Company’s site where a number of public administrations and the Italian Ministry
of the Environment act as plaintiffs; (iv) the possibility that new litigation might arise; (v) the probability that new and
stricter environmental laws might be implemented; and (vi) the circumstance that the extent and cost of environmental
restoration and remediation programs are often inherently difficult to estimate leading to underestimation of the future
costs of remediation and restoration.
As a result of those risks, liability for damages arising as a result of environmental laws could be substantial and
could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, consolidated results of operations, and consolidated financial
condition.
Risks related to legal proceedings and compliance with anti-corruption legislation
Eni is the defendant in a number of civil actions and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of
business. In addition to existing provisions accrued as of December 31, 2013 to account for ongoing proceedings, it is
possible that in future years Eni may incur significant losses in addition to the amounts already accrued in connection
with pending legal proceedings due to: (i) uncertainty regarding the final outcome of each proceeding; (ii) the
occurrence of new developments that management could not take into consideration when evaluating the likely outcome
of each proceeding in order to accrue the risk provisions as of the date of the latest financial statements; (iii) the
emergence of new evidence and information; and (iv) underestimation of probable future losses due to the circumstance
that they are often inherently difficult to estimate.
Certain legal proceedings where Eni or its subsidiaries are parties involve the alleged breach of anti-corruptions
laws and regulations and ethical misconduct. Ethical misconduct and non-compliance with applicable laws and
regulations, including non-compliance with anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws, by Eni, its partners, agents or others
that act on the Group’s behalf, could expose Eni and its employees to criminal and civil penalties and could be
damaging to Eni’s reputation and shareholder value.
Risks related to changes in the price of oil, natural gas, refined products and chemicals
Operating results in Eni’s Exploration & Production, Refining & Marketing and Chemical segments are affected
by changes in the price of crude oil and by the impacts of movements in crude oil price on margins of refined and
petrochemical products.
Eni’s results of operations are affected by changes in international oil prices
Overall, lower oil prices have a net adverse impact on Eni’s results of operations. The effect of lower oil prices on
Eni’s average realizations for produced oil is generally immediate. Furthermore, Eni’s average realizations for produced
oil differ from the price of Brent crude marker primarily due to the circumstance that Eni’s production list, which also
includes heavy crude qualities, has a lower American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity compared with Brent crude
(when processed the latter allows for higher yields of valuable products compared to heavy crude qualities, hence
higher market price).
The favorable impact of higher oil prices on Eni’s results of operations may be offset in part by opposite trends in
margins for Eni’s downstream businesses
The impact of changes in crude oil prices on Eni’s downstream businesses, including the Gas & Power, the
Refining & Marketing and the Chemical businesses, depends upon the speed at which the prices of gas and products
adjust to reflect movements in oil prices.
23
In the Gas & Power segment, increases in oil price represent a risk to the profitability of the Company sales as gas
supplies are mainly indexed to the cost of oil and certain refined products, while selling prices are mainly benchmarked
to gas spot prices quoted at continental hubs. In the current trading environment, spot prices at those hubs have ceased
to track the oil prices to which Eni’s long-term supply contracts are indexed.
In addition, the AEEG and other European regulatory authorities may limit the ability of the Company to pass cost
increases linked to higher oil prices onto selling prices in supplies to residential customers and small businesses as spot
prices are progressively replacing oil prices in the indexation mechanism of the raw material cost in selling formulas to
those customers. See the paragraph “Risks in the Company’s gas business” above for more information.
In the Refining & Marketing and Chemical businesses a time lag exists between movements in oil prices and in
prices of finished products.
Eni’s results of operations are affected by changes in European refining margins
Results of operations of Eni’s Refining & Marketing segment are substantially affected by changes in European
refining margins which reflect changes in relative prices of crude oil and refined products. The prices of refined
products depend on global and regional supply and demand balances, inventory levels, refinery operations,
import/export balances and weather. Furthermore, Eni’s realized margins are also affected by relative price movements
of heavy or sour crude qualities versus light or sweet crude qualities, taking into account the ability of Eni’s refineries to
process complex crudes that represent a cost advantage when market prices of heavy crudes are relatively cheaper than
the marker Brent price.
In each of the latest three fiscal years, Eni’s refining margins were largely unprofitable as the high cost of oil was
only partially transferred to final prices of fuels pressured by weak demand, high worldwide and regional inventory
levels and excess refining capacity particularly in the Mediterranean Area. Furthermore, the profitability of complex
cycles was impaired due to shrinking price differentials between heavy crudes versus light ones. Management does not
expect any significant recovery in industry fundamentals over the short to medium term. The sector as a whole will
continue to suffer from weak demand and excess capacity, while the cost of oil feedstock may continue to rise and price
differentials may remain compressed.
In this context, management expects that the Company’s refining margins will remain at unprofitable levels in
2014 and possibly beyond.
Eni’s results of operations are affected by changes in petrochemical margins
Eni’s margins on petrochemical products are affected by trends in demand for petrochemical products and
movements in crude oil prices to which purchase costs of petroleum-based feedstock are indexed. Given the
commoditized nature of Eni petrochemical products, it is difficult for the Company to transfer higher purchase costs for
oil-based feedstock to selling prices to customers. In each of the latest three fiscal years, Eni’s petrochemical business
reported operating losses due to unprofitable margins on basic petrochemical products, mainly the margin on cracker,
reflecting high oil-based feedstock costs and as demand for petrochemical commodities plunged due to the economic
downturn. A weak demand outlook and rising oil-based feedstock costs are expected to continue to adversely affect
Eni’s results of operations and liquidity in this business segment in 2014 and possibly beyond.
Risks from acquisitions
Eni constantly monitors the oil and gas market in search of opportunities to acquire individual assets or companies
in order to achieve its growth targets or complement its asset portfolio. Acquisitions entail an execution risk – a
significant risk, among other matters, that the acquirer will not be able to effectively integrate the purchased assets so as
to achieve expected synergies. In addition, acquisitions entail a financial risk – the risk of not being able to recover the
purchase costs of acquired assets, in case a prolonged decline in the market prices of oil and natural gas occurs. Eni may
also incur unanticipated costs or assume unexpected liabilities and losses in connection with companies or assets it
acquires. If the integration and financial risks connected to acquisitions materialize, Eni’s financial performance and
shareholders’ returns may be adversely affected.
24
Risks deriving from Eni’s exposure to weather conditions
Significant changes in weather conditions in Italy and in the rest of Europe from year to year may affect demand
for natural gas and some refined products. In colder years, demand for such products is higher. Accordingly, the results
of operations of the Gas & Power segment and, to a lesser extent, the Refining & Marketing segment, as well as the
comparability of results over different periods may be affected by such changes in weather conditions. In general, the
effects of climate change could result in less stable weather patterns, resulting in more severe storms and other weather
conditions that could interfere with Eni’s operations and damage our facilities. Furthermore, our operations, particularly
offshore production of oil and natural gas, are exposed to extreme weather phenomena that can result in material
disruption to our operations and consequent loss or damage of properties and facilities.
Eni’s crisis management systems may be ineffective and we may be the target of cyber attacks
Eni has developed contingency plans to continue or recover operations following a disruption or incident. An
inability to restore or replace critical capacity to an agreed level within an agreed time frame could prolong the impact
of any disruption and could severely affect business and operations. Likewise, Eni has crisis management plans and
capability to deal with emergencies at every level of its operations. If Eni does not respond or is not seen to respond in
an appropriate manner to either an external or internal crisis, its business and operations could be severely disrupted.
Exposure to financial risk
Eni’s business activities are inherently exposed to financial risk. This includes exposure to market risk, including
commodity price risk, interest rate risk and foreign currency risk, as well as liquidity risk, and credit risk.
Eni’s primary source of exposure to financial risk is the volatility in commodity prices. Generally, the Group does
not hedge its strategic exposure to the commodity risk associated with its plans to find and develop oil and gas reserves,
volume of gas purchased under its long-term gas purchase contracts which are not covered by contracted sales, its
refining margins and other activities. The Group’s risk management objectives in addressing commodity risk are to
optimize the risk profile of its commercial activities by effectively managing economic margins and safeguarding the
value of Eni assets. To achieve this, Eni engages in risk management activities seeking both to hedge Group’s
exposures and to profit from short-term market opportunities and trading. The Group’s risk management has evolved
particularly in response to the deep changes occurred in the competitive landscape of the gas marketing business, gas
volatile margins and development of liquid gas spot markets.
Eni is engaged in substantial trading and commercial activities in the physical markets. Eni also uses financial
instruments such as futures, options, over the counter (OTC) forward contracts, market swaps and contracts for
differences related to crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas and electricity in order to manage the commodity risk
exposure. Eni also uses financial instruments to manage foreign exchange and interest rate risk.
The Group’s approach to risk management includes identifying, evaluating and managing the financial risk using a
top-down approach whereby the Board of Directors is responsible for establishing the Group risk management strategy
and setting the maximum tolerable amounts of risk exposure. The Group’s Chief Executive Officer is responsible for
implementing the Group risk management strategy, while the Group’s Chief Financial Officer is in charge of defining
policies and tools to manage the Group’s exposure to financial risk, as well as monitoring and reporting activities.
Various Group committees are in charge of defining internal criteria, guidelines and targets of risk management
activities consistent with the strategy and limits defined at Eni’s top level, to be used by the Group’s business units,
including monitoring and controlling activities. Although Eni believes it has established sound risk management
procedures, trading activities involve elements of forecasting and Eni is exposed to the risks of market movements, of
incurring significant losses if prices develop contrary to management expectations and of default of counterparties.
Commodity risk
Commodity risk is the risk associated with fluctuations in the price of commodities which may impact the Group’s
results of operations and cash flow. Exposure to commodity risk is both of a strategic and commercial nature.
Generally, the Group does not hedge its strategic exposure to commodity risk. On the other hand, the Group actively
manages its exposure to commercial risk which arises when a contractual sale of a commodity has occurred or it is
highly probable that it will occur and the Group aims to lock in the associated commercial margin.
The Group’s risk management policies have evolved particularly in response to the deep changes occurred in the
competitive landscape of the gas marketing business, volatile gas margins and development of liquid markets to trade
25
spot gas. These policies also contemplate the use of derivative contracts for speculative purposes whereby Eni is
seeking to profit from opportunities available in the gas market based, among other things, on its expectations regarding
future prices.
As part of those trading activities, the Company is implementing strategies of asset-backed trading in order to
maximize the economic value of the flexibilities associated with its assets. Management believes that the price risks
related to asset-backed trading activities are mitigated by the natural hedge granted by the assets’ availability.
These derivative contracts entered into for trading purposes may lead to gains as well as losses, which, in each
case, may be significant. Those derivatives are accounted for through profit and loss, resulting in higher volatility in
Eni’s earnings.
Exchange rate risk
Movements in the exchange rate of the euro against the U.S. dollar can have a material impact on Eni’s results of
operations. Prices of oil, natural gas and refined products generally are denominated in, or linked to, U.S. dollars, while
a significant portion of Eni’s expenses are denominated in euros. Similarly, prices of Eni’s petrochemical products are
generally denominated in, or linked to, the euro, whereas expenses in the Chemical segment are denominated both in
euros and U.S. dollars. Accordingly, a depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the euro generally has an adverse impact
on Eni’s results of operations and liquidity because it reduces booked revenues by an amount greater than the decrease
in U.S. dollar-denominated expenses and may also result in significant translation adjustments that impact Eni’s
shareholders’ equity. The Exploration & Production segment is particularly affected by movements in the U.S. dollar
versus the euro exchange rates as the U.S. dollar is the functional currency of a large part of its foreign subsidiaries and
therefore movements in the U.S. dollar versus the euro exchange rate affect year-on-year comparability of results of
operations. In 2013, the Exploration & Production results of operations were adversely affected by an appreciation of
3.3% of the euro against the U.S. dollar determining a lower booked operating profit when translating the dollar –
denominated profit of Eni’s upstream subsidiaries into the Group presentation currency which is the euro.
Susceptibility to variations in sovereign rating risk
Eni’s credit ratings are potentially exposed to risk in reductions of sovereign credit rating of Italy. On the basis of
the methodologies used by Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s, a potential downgrade of Italy’s credit rating may have a
potential knock-on effect on the credit rating of Italian issuers such as Eni and make it more likely that the credit rating
of the Notes or other debt instruments issued by the Company could be downgraded.
Interest rate risk
Interest on Eni’s debt is primarily indexed at a spread to benchmark rates such as the Europe Interbank Offered
Rate, “Euribor”, and the London Interbank Offered Rate, “Libor”. As a consequence, movements in interest rates can
have a material impact on Eni’s finance expense in respect to its debt. Additionally, spreads offered to the Company
may rise in connection with variations in sovereign rating risks or company rating risks, as well as the general
conditions of capital markets.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that suitable sources of funding for the Group may not be available, or the Group is unable
to sell its assets on the marketplace in order to meet short-term financial requirements and to settle obligations. Such a
situation would negatively impact the Group results of operations and cash flows as it would result in Eni incurring
higher borrowing expenses to meet its obligations or, under the worst conditions, the inability of Eni to continue as a
going concern. European and global financial markets are currently subject to volatility amid concerns over the
European sovereign debt crisis and weak macroeconomic growth, particularly in the Euro-zone. If there are extended
periods of constraints in the financial markets, or if Eni is unable to access the financial markets (including cases where
this is due to our financial position or market sentiment as to our prospects) at a time when cash flows from our
business operations may be under pressure, our ability to maintain our long-term investment program may be impacted
with a consequent effect on our growth rate, and may impact shareholder returns, including dividends or share price.
26
Credit risk
Credit risk is the potential exposure of the Group to losses in case counterparties fail to perform or pay due
amounts. Credit risks arise from both commercial partners and financial ones. In the last couple of years, the Group has
experienced a higher than normal level of counterparty failure due to the severity of the economic and financial
downturn and has recorded a significant increase in the amount of trade receivables due at the balance sheet date. In
Eni’s 2013 Consolidated Financial Statements, Eni accrued an allowance against doubtful accounts amounting to ! 384
million, mainly relating to the Gas & Power business. Management believes that this business is particularly exposed to
credit risks due to its large and diversified customer base which include a large number of medium and small sized
businesses and retail customers who have been particularly impacted by the financial and economic downturn.
However, trade receivable amounts due at the balance sheet date have also increased in relation to supplies of the Group
products to state-owned companies, public administrations and other governmental agencies in Italy and abroad also in
the Exploration & Production segment. We believe that the credit risk represents an issue to the Company which will
require management focus and commitment going forward.
Critical accounting estimates
The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect
the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses reported in the financial statements, as well as amounts included in the
notes thereto, including discussion and disclosure of contingent liabilities. Estimates made are based on complex or
subjective judgments and past experience and other assumptions deemed reasonable in consideration of the information
available at the time. The accounting policies and areas that require the most significant judgments and estimates to be
used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements are in relation to the accounting for oil and natural gas
activities, specifically the determination of proved and proved developed reserves, impairment of fixed assets,
intangible assets and goodwill, asset retirement obligations, business combinations, pensions and other post-retirement
benefits, recognition of environmental liabilities and other risk provisions, and recognition of revenues in the oilfield
services construction and engineering businesses. Although management believes these estimates to represent the best
outcome of the estimation process, actual results could differ from such estimates, due to, among other things, the
following factors: uncertainty, lack or limited availability of information, availability of new informative elements,
variations in economic conditions such as prices, costs, other significant factors including evolution in technologies,
industrial practices and standards (e.g. removal technologies) and the final outcome of legal, environmental or
regulatory proceedings.
Digital infrastructure is an important part of maintaining our operations, and a breach of our digital security
could result in serious damage to business operations, personal injury, damage to assets, harm to the environment,
breaches of regulations, litigation, legal liabilities and reparation costs
The reliability and security of our digital infrastructure is critical to maintaining the availability of our business
applications, including the reliable operation of technology in our various business operations and the collection and
processing of financial and operational data, as well as the confidentiality of certain third-party information. If our
systems for protecting our digital security prove not to be sufficient, either due to intentional actions such as cyber
attacks or due to negligence, we could be adversely affected by, among other things, loss or damage of intellectual
property, proprietary information, or customer data, having our business operations interrupted, and increased costs to
prevent, respond to, or mitigate potential risks to our digital infrastructure; also, in some circumstances, failures to
protect digital infrastructure could result in injury to people, damage to assets, harm to the environment, breaches of
regulations, litigation, legal liabilities and reparation costs.
The Company’s auditors, like all other independent registered public accounting firms operating in Italy, are not
permitted to be subject to inspection by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, and accordingly,
investors may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection
The independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit reports included in our annual reports filed
with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the U.S. SEC), as auditor of companies that are traded publicly in
the United States and firms registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, is required
by the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB to assess its compliance with U.S. SEC
rules and PCAOB professional standards.
Because our auditor is a registered public accounting firm in Italy, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB is currently
unable under Italian law to conduct inspections pending the mutual agreement between the PCAOB and the Italian
Authorities, our auditor, like all other independent registered public accounting firms in Italy, is currently not inspected
by the PCAOB. Inspections of audit firms that the PCAOB has conducted where allowed have identified deficiencies in
27
those firms’ audit procedures and quality control procedures, which may be addressed as part of the inspection process
to improve future audit quality. The lack of PCAOB inspections in Italy prevents the PCAOB from regularly evaluating
our auditor’s audits and quality control procedures. As a result, the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of
auditors in Italy may deprive investors of the benefits of PCAOB inspections.
28
Item 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
History and development of the Company
Eni SpA with its consolidated subsidiaries engages in the oil and gas exploration and production, marketing of gas
and LNG, refining and marketing of petroleum products, power generation, production and marketing of petrochemical
products, commodity trading and oilfield services and engineering industries. Eni has operations in 85 countries and
83,887 employees as of December 31, 2013.
Eni, the former Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi, a public law agency, established by Law No. 136 of February 10,
1953, was transformed into a joint stock company by Law Decree No. 333 published in the Official Gazette of the
Republic of Italy No. 162 of July 11, 1992 (converted into law on August 8, 1992, by Law No. 359, published in the
Official Gazette of the Republic of Italy No. 190 of August 13, 1992). The Shareholders’ Meeting of August 7, 1992
resolved that the company be called Eni SpA. Eni is registered at the Companies Register of Rome, register tax
identification number 00484960588, R.E.A. Rome No. 756453. Eni is expected to remain in existence until December
31, 2100; its duration can however be extended by resolution of the shareholders.
Eni’s registered head office is located at Piazzale Enrico Mattei 1, Rome, Italy (telephone number: +39-0659821).
Eni branches are located in:
San Donato Milanese (Milan), Via Emilia, 1; and
San Donato Milanese (Milan), Piazza Ezio Vanoni, 1.
•
•
Internet address: eni.com
The name of the agent of Eni in the United States is Stefano Lucchini, 485 Madison Avenue, New York, NY
10002.
Eni’s principal segments of operations are described below.
Eni’s Exploration & Production segment engages in oil and natural gas exploration and field development and
production, as well as LNG operations in 42 countries, including Italy, Libya, Egypt, Norway, the United Kingdom,
Angola, Congo, Nigeria, the United States, Kazakhstan, Russia, Algeria, Australia, Venezuela, Iraq and Mozambique.
In 2013, Eni average daily production amounted to 1,537 KBOE/d on an available-for-sale basis. As of December 31,
2013, Eni’s total proved reserves amounted to 6,535 mmBOE; proved reserves of subsidiaries totaled 5,708 mmBOE;
Eni’s share of reserves of equity-accounted entities was 827 mmBOE. In 2013, Eni’s Exploration & Production
segment reported net sales from operations (including inter-segment sales) of ! 31,264 million and operating profit of
! 14,868 million.
Eni’s Gas & Power segment engages in supply, trading and marketing of gas and electricity, international gas
transport activities, and LNG supply and marketing. This segment also includes the activity of electricity generation that
is ancillary to the marketing of electricity. In 2013, Eni’s worldwide sales of natural gas amounted to 93.17 BCM. Sales
in Italy amounted to 35.86 BCM, while sales in European markets were 47.35 BCM that included 4.67 BCM of gas sold
to certain importers to Italy. Eni produces power at a number of operated sites in Italy with a total installed capacity of
5.3 GW as of December 31, 2013. In 2013, sales of power totaled 35.05 TWh. In 2013, Eni’s Gas & Power segment
reported net sales from operations (including inter-segment sales) of ! 32,212 million and operating loss of ! 2,967
million.
Eni’s Refining & Marketing segment engages in crude oil supply and refining and marketing of petroleum
products at retail and wholesale markets mainly in Italy and in the rest of Europe. In 2013, processed volumes of crude
oil and other feedstock amounted to 27.38 mmtonnes and sales of refined products were 43.49 mmtonnes, of which
23.34 mmtonnes in Italy. Retail sales of refined products at Eni’s service stations amounted to 9.69 mmtonnes in Italy
and in the rest of Europe. In 2013, Eni’s retail market share in Italy through its “Eni” and “Agip” branded network of
service stations was 27.5%. In 2013, Eni’s Refining & Marketing segment reported net sales from operations (including
inter-segment sales) of ! 57,238 million and operating loss of ! 1,492 million.
Eni also engages in commodity risk management and asset-backed trading activities. Through the trading
department of the parent company and its wholly-owned subsidiary Eni Trading & Shipping SpA, the Group engages in
derivative activities targeting the full spectrum of energy commodities on both the physical and financial trading
venues. The objective of this activity is both to hedge part of the Group exposure to the commodity risk and to optimize
commercial margins by entering speculative derivative transactions. Eni Trading & Shipping SpA and its subsidiaries
also provide Group companies with crude oil and products supply, trading and shipping services. The results of the
activity of commodity risk management and other services are reported within the Gas & Power segment with regard to
the results on commodity risk management activities relating to gas and electricity; while the portion of results which
pertains to oil and products trading derivatives and supply and shipping services are reported within the Refining
& Marketing segment.
29
Eni’s chemical activities include production of olefins and aromatics, basic intermediate products, polyethylene,
polystyrenes, and elastomers. Eni’s chemical operations are concentrated in Italy and Western Europe. In 2013, Eni sold
3.79 mmtonnes of chemical products. In 2013, Eni’s Chemical segment reported net sales from operations (including
inter-segment sales) of ! 5,859 million and operating loss of ! 725 million.
Eni engages in oilfield services, construction and engineering activities through its partially-owned subsidiary
Saipem and Saipem’s controlled entities (Eni’s interest being 42.91%). Saipem provides a full range of engineering,
drilling and construction services to the oil and gas industry and downstream refining and petrochemical sectors, mainly
in the field of performing large EPC contracts offshore and onshore for the construction and installation of fixed
platforms, sub-sea pipe laying and floating production systems and onshore industrial complexes. In 2013, Eni’s
Engineering & Construction segment reported net sales from operations (including intragroup sales) of ! 11,598 million
and operating loss of ! 98 million.
A list of Eni’s subsidiaries is included as an exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
Strategy
Our strategy is to grow our oil and gas production business, which is characterized by improving returns and to
restructure our less profitable Europe-based businesses in the marketing of gas and in the production and marketing of
refined products and chemical products in order to increase the cash flows deriving from our businesses. Our planning
assumptions do not contemplate any improvement in the fundamentals of the European industries of gas, refining and
petrochemicals which will continue to be adversely affected by weak demand, overcapacity and oversupplies, strong
competition and other cost disadvantages. As a part of our strategy, we are also planning to restore the profitability of
our listed subsidiary Saipem, which in 2013 was impacted by activity downturn and extraordinary contract losses. We
expected that the planned improvements in the cash flows generated by operating activities coupled with the
continuation of our ongoing disposal program will enable us to increase cash disbursements to shareholders by means of
a progressive dividend policy and under certain conditions, through share repurchase programs. See “Item 5 –
Management’s expectations of operations”.
•
•
In the Exploration & Production segment we plan to grow profitably oil and gas production and to fully
replace produced reserves thanks to a continuing focus on exploration activities and execution. Exploration
will remain one of the main drivers of our long-term growth and cost position and we expect continuing
exploration success at competitive costs. In the next four years, we intend to boost returns by starting up
production in new projects with higher net profit per BOE than our current average, provided that we are able
to deliver on time and on budget. To this end we plan to carefully select our investment projects by better
phasing our long-plateau projects, to retain strong control and coordination of certain critical project activities
such as engineering, construction and commissioning and finally to increase the share of operated production
in our portfolio. Project operatorship enables us to better schedule and control project execution, expenditures
and timely achievement of project milestones. In addition, we plan to seek cost efficiencies through greater
deployment of proprietary technologies designed to maximize the rate of hydrocarbon recovery from
reservoirs, the reduction of drilling costs and ongoing operational improvement. This strategy will be
underpinned by continuing risk mitigation as we are exposed to political risks and operational risks relating to
increasingly high complexity of our projects and environmental challenges. See “Item 3 – Risk factors – Risks
associated with the exploration and production of oil and natural gas”;
In the Gas & Power segment we are seeking to restore profitability and improve cash flows against the
backdrop of structural headwinds in the European gas sector where we do not expect significant improvement
in the trading environment due to continued weak demand, strong competition and oversupplies which will
affect sale prices and margins. Our turnaround strategy will be driven by the renegotiation of our entire
portfolio of long-term supply contracts in order to align our cost position to prevailing market conditions and
to mitigate the take-or-pay risk to our liquidity as we manage through the downturn. The return to profitability
will be helped by focusing on value-added segments, developing LNG sales in international markets and
optimizing margins by means of our trading activities. Finally, we will speed up our restructuring efforts by
streamlining operations, rationalizing logistics and cutting general, administrative and other fixed expenses;
• Our priority in the Refining & Marketing segment is to restore profitability against the backdrop of weak
industry fundamentals and an unfavorable trading environment. We plan to further reduce and restructure
refining capacity and to implement a number of efficiency and cost reduction initiatives, energy saving and
optimization of plant operations, in order to drive margin expansions. Management plans to improve plant
flexibility and process integration, to make selective capital projects for upgrading refinery complexity and
the safety and reliability of our assets. In the marketing business in Italy we plan to enhance profitability by
closing down marginal outlets and continuing upgrading our modern and most efficient service stations, also
improving service quality and client retention and non-oil profit contribution taking into account a weak
outlook for fuel consumption. Outside Italy, Eni plans to grow selectively in target European markets and
divest marginal assets;
30
• Our Engineering & Construction segment is expected to return to profitability after a challenging 2013 which
was severely hit by worsening trading environment, as well as customer relationship and management issues.
In 2013, management undertook business reorganization, refocused the operations and implemented a more
selective marketing strategy. The outlook for 2014 is uncertain as an expected return to profitability depends
on the speed at which new orders are acquired and the effective execution of contracts underway.
Management believes that the business remains well positioned to restore revenue and profitability growth in
the medium term leveraging on our technologically-advanced assets and our skills in engineering and project
management and execution of large and complex oil and gas developments; and
In the Chemical segment, we plan to recover profitability by progressively reducing the exposure to loss
making commodity chemicals while at the same time developing innovative and niche productions. We intend
to grow the green chemistry business leveraging on current projects to establish joint ventures with operators
in the bio-technologies industry. We believe that bio-technologies can be profitably used in the production of
innovative chemical products replacing the mature oil-based technologies. We also plan to expand our
elastomers and other niche productions internationally to seek to capture opportunities for growth and returns
in the fast-growing Asian markets leveraging our technologies and know-how in those fields.
•
In executing this strategy, management intends to pursue integration opportunities among segments and within
each segment to strongly focus on efficiency improvement through technology upgrading, cost efficiencies, commercial
and supply optimization and continuing process streamlining across all segments. Over the next four years, Eni plans to
execute capital expenditure for ! 54 billion to support continuing organic growth in its segments, in particular in the
Exploration & Production which will absorb 83% of planned expenditures. In this amount are included funds to finance
joint venture projects and associates.
For the full year 2014, management expects a capital budget in line with 2013 (in 2013 capital expenditure
amounted to ! 12.8 billion, while expenditures incurred in joint venture initiatives and other investments amounted to
! 0.32 billion).
Eni plans to focus on preserving a balanced and well-established financial structure. Management seeks to
maintain the ratio of net borrowings to total equity within a target range of 0.1-0.3 under the assumption of a Brent price
scenario of 104 $/BBL in 2014 which will progressively decline in the subsequent years to our long-term case of 90
$/BBL from 2017 onwards and other trading assumptions, as well as the commitments of funding capital expenditure
plans and implementing the Company’s progressive dividend policy and share repurchases (see “Item 5 – Operating and
financial review and prospects – Management’s expectations of operations” and “Item 3 – Risk factors”).
For fiscal year 2013, management plans to distribute a dividend of ! 1.10 per share subject to approval from the
General Shareholders’ Meeting scheduled on May 8, 2014; the 2013 dividend represents a 2% increase from the
previous year.
Further details on each business segment strategy are discussed throughout this item. For a description of risks and
uncertainties associated with the Company’s outlook, and the capital expenditure program see “Item 5 – Operating and
financial review and prospects – Management’s expectations of operations”.
In the next four-year period, Eni plans to make expenditures dedicated to technological research and innovation
activities amounting to ! 1.1 billion. Management believes that technological developments may secure long-term
competitive advantages to the Company. For more information on Research and development activity see page 83.
Significant business and portfolio developments
The significant business and portfolio developments that occurred in 2013 and to date in 2014 were the following:
• On July 26, 2013, Eni finalized the sale of a 28.57% interest in Eni East Africa (EEA) to China National
Petroleum Corp (CNPC). EEA retains a 70% interest in the Area 4 mineral property, located offshore of
Mozambique where we made a large gas discovery that we are currently appraising. CNPC has acquired,
through its equity investment in EEA, a 20% interest in Area 4, while Eni retains operatorship and a 50%
interest through the remaining stake in the investee. The total consideration for the sale was equal to ! 3,386
million, with a gain recorded in profit and loss account (! 3,359 million, ! 2,994 million net of tax charges).
• On January 15, 2014, Eni sold to certain Gazprom subsidiaries its 60% interest in Artic Russia which is the
parent company with a 49% stake of Severenergia, which holds four licenses for the exploration and
production of hydrocarbons in the Region of Yamal Nenets (Siberia), including in particular the on-stream
field of Samburgskoye, Eni’s first development in the Russian upstream. The cash consideration for the
disposal amounted to ! 2.16 billion ($2,940 million). Eni’s interest in Artic Russia was classified as an asset
held-for-sale and measured at fair value, after joint control was lost over the investee following the
satisfaction, before year end, of all conditions precedent to the Sale and Purchase Agreement signed with
31
Gazprom in November 2013. This resulted in a revaluation gain of ! 1,682 million recorded to profit and loss.
The consideration for the disposal was received in January 2014.
• On March 31, 2014, Eni and Statoil have signed final agreement on the revision of the long-term gas supply
contract currently in force between the two parties. The revision is reflecting changed fundamentals in the gas
sector and will determine a positive effect in 2014 profit. The final agreement, which follows the Heads of
Agreement signed on February 27, 2014, implies the end of the arbitration proceedings previously initiated by
Eni.
• On March 28, 2014, through an accelerated book-building procedure aimed at institutional investors, Eni sold
approximately 7% of the share capital of Galp Energia SGPS SA at the price of ! 12.10 per share, for a total
consideration of ! 702.4 million. Following this transaction, Eni retains a 9% interest in Galp, of which 8%
underlying the approximately ! 1,028 million exchangeable bond due on November 30, 2015.
• On November 5, 2013, Eni signed an agreement with the American company Quicksilver to conduct
exploration and development activities in an area with unconventional oil reservoirs (shale oil), onshore the
United States. Eni is expected to acquire a 50% interest in the Leon Valley area (West Texas). The work plan
provides for the drilling of up to five exploration wells, aiming at determining the hydrocarbon potential of
the area and the subsequent development plan. Eni will invest up to $52 million, for the completion of the
project’s exploration activities. The agreement also establishes that Eni will obtain 50% of another area
located in the Leon Valley, without additional costs.
• On September 11, 2013, following the completion, test and delivery of all infrastructures, the first oil from the
giant Kashagan field was produced. From October 2013 production has been halted due to a technical issue
that occurred to the pipeline transporting acid gas from offshore to onshore facilities, without any impact on
the environment and local communities. Recovery activities are ongoing. Management believes that from
2015 field production will recover to the originally expected level and the field contribution to Eni’s
production profile for the year 2014 has been prudently assumed to be marginal.
The exploration campaign carried out in 2013 in the operated Area 4 offshore the Rovuma Basin in
Mozambique resulted in the appraisal of the Mamba and Coral discoveries and a new prospect in the Southern
section of Area 4, where in September 2013 Eni made the Agulha discovery. Management estimates that Area
4 may contain significant amounts of gas resources. Agulha was drilled in 2,492 meters of water and reached
a total depth of 6,203 meters. In 2014, Eni will continue appraisal activities, particularly regarding the new
exploration prospect, where the drilling of two to three additional wells is planned.
•
• On June 21, 2013, Eni and Rosneft signed a strategic cooperation agreement for exploration activities in the
Russian section of the Barents Sea (Fedynsky and Central Barents licenses) where seismic surveys have been
started, and in the Black Sea (Western Chernomorsky license).
In 2013, Eni’s chemical subsidiary Versalis progressed in the process of expansion in the growing Southeast
Asian markets, by establishing a joint venture with the South Korean company Lotte Chemical and by signing
a shareholder agreement with Malaysian company Petronas. The agreements cover the production and
marketing of polymers and elastomers in the Asian markets.
•
In addition, Eni closed the following transactions:
•
In September 2013, Eni acquired the Ngolo exploration Block, which is part of the Cuvette Basin. Eni will
operate an exploration joint venture that will be established with the Congolese state company Société
Nationale des Pétroles du Congo (SNPC). Exploration activities will take place over a period of 10 years.
Management believes that the Cuvette Basin is one of the new themes of frontier exploration in Africa.
In 2013, Eni was awarded the operatorship of the PL 717, PL 712 and PL 716 licenses, with an interest of
40%, as well as an interest of 65% in the PL 697 license and the interest of 30% in the PL 696 and 714
licenses.
In April 2013, Eni was awarded an exploration license (Production Sharing Contract) covering an area of 662
square kilometers in the Timor Sea, within the Joint Petroleum Development Area (JPDA), which is
administered by both Australia and Timor Leste. The PSC foresees the commitment to drill two exploration
wells during the first two years and options for other two wells.
In January 2013, Eni signed exploration and production sharing contracts with the relevant authorities of the
Republic of Cyprus, for Blocks 2, 3 and 9 located in the Cypriot deep offshore portion of the Levantine Basin
over an area of around 12,530 square kilometers, thus marking Eni’s entry into the Country.
Eni was awarded a deepwater exploration block (Block 9) in the EGAS 2012 international bidding round,
located in the Eastern Mediterranean offshore Egypt.
•
•
•
•
In 2013, capital expenditures of continuing operations amounted to ! 12,800 million, of which 89% related to
Exploration & Production, Gas & Power and Refining & Marketing segments, and primarily related to: (i) development
of oil and gas reserves (! 8,580 million) deployed mainly in Norway, the United States, Angola, Congo, Italy, Nigeria,
Kazakhstan, Egypt and the United Kingdom, and exploration projects (! 1,669 million) carried out mainly in
Mozambique, Norway, Congo, Togo, Nigeria, the United States and Angola; (ii) upgrading of the fleet used in the
Engineering & Construction segment (! 902 million); (iii) refining, supply and logistics in Italy and outside Italy (! 462
million) with projects designed to improve the conversion rate and flexibility of refineries, in particular at the
Sannazzaro refinery, as well as the upgrade of the refined product retail network in Italy and in the rest of Europe (! 210
million); and (iv) initiatives to improve flexibility of the combined-cycle power plants (! 119 million). There were no
significant acquisitions in the year.
32
In 2012, capital expenditures of continuing operations amounted to ! 12,805 million, of which 89% related to
Exploration & Production, Gas & Power and Refining & Marketing segments, and primarily related to: (i) development
of oil and gas reserves (! 8,304 million) deployed mainly in Norway, the United States, Congo, Italy, Kazakhstan,
Angola and Algeria, and exploration projects (! 1,850 million) carried out mainly in Mozambique, Liberia, Ghana,
Indonesia, Nigeria, Angola and Australia; (ii) upgrading of the fleet used in the Engineering & Construction segment
(! 1,011 million); (iii) refining, supply and logistics with projects designed to improve the conversion rate and flexibility
of refineries (! 639 million), in particular at the Sannazzaro refinery, as well as upgrading and rebranding of the refined
product retail network (! 259 million); and (iv) initiatives to improve flexibility of the combined-cycle power plants
(! 123 million). There were no significant acquisitions in the year.
In 2011, capital expenditures of continuing operations amounted to ! 11,909 million, of which 88% related to
Exploration & Production, Gas & Power and Refining & Marketing segments, and primarily regarded: (i) the
development of oil and gas reserves (! 7,357 million) deployed mainly in Norway, Kazakhstan, Algeria, the United
States, Congo and Egypt, and exploration projects (! 1,210 million) carried out mainly in Australia, Angola,
Mozambique, Indonesia, Ghana, Egypt, Nigeria and Norway; (ii) the upgrading of the fleet used in the Engineering
& Construction segment (! 1,090 million); and (iii) projects aimed at improving the conversion capacity and flexibility
of refineries, and at building and upgrading service stations in Italy and outside Italy (totaling ! 629 million). There were
no significant acquisitions in the year.
Exploration & Production
BUSINESS OVERVIEW
Eni’s Exploration & Production segment engages in oil and natural gas exploration and field development and
production, as well as LNG operations, in 42 countries, including Italy, Libya, Egypt, Norway, the United Kingdom,
Angola, Congo, Nigeria, the United States, Kazakhstan, Russia, Algeria, Australia, Venezuela, Iraq and Mozambique.
In 2013, Eni average daily production amounted to 1,537 KBOE/d on an available-for-sale basis. As of December 31,
2013, Eni’s total proved reserves amounted to 6,535 mmBOE; proved reserves of subsidiaries totaled 5,708 mmBOE;
Eni’s share of reserves of equity-accounted entities stood to 827 mmBOE.
Eni’s strategy in its Exploration & Production operations is to pursue profitable production growth by developing
its portfolio of projects underway and the exploration discoveries which the Company is currently appraising and by
optimizing its producing fields. We plan to achieve a production growth rate of 3% on average in the next 2014-2017
four-year period, based on an expectation of a gradual decrease in oil prices from 104 $/BBL in 2014 to 90 $/BBL in
2017 and certain other trading environment assumptions including an indication of Eni’s production volume sensitivity
to oil prices which are disclosed under “Item 5 – Management’s expectations of operations”. Following disruptions in
Libya and Nigeria which were affected by geopolitical factors throughout 2013, management prudently assumed the
contribution of these important countries to Eni’s production growth profile to be marginal up to 2015.
Management plans to achieve the target production growth by continuing development activities and new project
start-ups in the main areas of operations including, Sub-Saharan Africa, Venezuela, Barents Sea, Kazakhstan and the
Far East, leveraging Eni’s vast knowledge of reservoirs and geological basins, as well as technical and producing
synergies. We plan to start 26 new large fields over the next four years which will contribute an estimated 500 KBOE/d
of new production by 2017; about 70% of these new projects have already been sanctioned and the management plans
to sanction almost all by the end of 2014.
Management plans to maximize the production recovery rate at our current fields by counteracting natural field
depletion and reducing facilities downtime. This will require intense development activities of work-over and infilling.
We expect that continuing technological innovation and competence build-up will drive increasing rates of reserve
recovery.
Management plans to invest ! 38 billion to develop reserves over the next four years. An important share of these
expenditures will be allocated to certain development projects which will support the Company’s long-term production
plateau, particularly we plan to start developing the recent gas discovery offshore Mozambique and to progress large
and complex projects in Congo, Indonesia, Venezuela, Nigeria, Norway and Kazakhstan which will support our
long-term growth. We are also planning to maintain a prevailing share of projects regulated by production sharing
agreement in our portfolio; this will shorten the cost recovery in an environment of high crude oil prices.
Exploration projects will attract some ! 5.6 billion to appraise the latest discoveries made by the Company, to
explore new plays and to support continuing reserve replacement over the next four years. 60% of investments will be
in lower risk environments such as proven and near field areas.
33
The most important amounts of exploration expenses will be incurred in Angola, Congo, the United States,
Nigeria, Egypt, Norway and Indonesia; important resources will be dedicated to explore new areas, including Kenya,
Vietnam, Cyprus, the Russian sections of the Barents Sea and the Black Sea and the pre-salt layers offshore West
Africa. Management plans to achieve a balance between exploration projects in conventional fields versus projects in
high risk/high reward basins.
Management intends to implement a number of initiatives to support profitability in its upstream operations by
exercising tight control on project time schedules and costs and reducing the time span which is necessary to develop
and market reserves. We acknowledge that our results of operations and production levels for the year have been
adversely impacted by delays and cost overruns at a number of projects. We plan to mitigate those risks in the future by:
(i) in-sourcing critical engineering and project management activities also redeploying to other areas key competences
which will be freed with the start-up of certain strategic projects and increase direct control and governance on
construction and commissioning activities; and (ii) signing framework agreements with major suppliers, using
standardized specifications to speed up pre-award process for critical equipment and plants, increasing focus on supply
chain programming to optimize order flows. Based on these initiatives we believe that almost all of our projects which
we are currently developing over the next four-year plan will be completed on time and on cost schedule.
We expect that costs to develop and operate fields will increase in the next years due to sector-specific inflation,
and growing complexity of new projects. We plan to counteract those cost increases by leveraging on cost efficiencies
associated with: (i) increasing the scale of our operations as we concentrate our resources on larger fields than in the
past where we plan to achieve economies of scale; (ii) expanding projects where we serve as operator. We believe
operatorship will enable the Company to exercise better cost control, effectively manage reservoir and production
operations, and deploy our safety standards and procedures to minimize risks; and (iii) applying our technologies which
we believe can reduce drilling and completion costs.
We plan to mitigate the operational risk relating to drilling activities by applying Eni’s rigorous procedures
throughout the engineering and execution stages, by leveraging on proprietary drilling technologies, excellent skills and
know-how, increased control of operations and by deploying technologies which we believe to be able to reduce
blowout risks and to enable the Company to respond quickly and effectively in case of emergencies.
Eni will pursue further growth options by developing unconventional plays, gas-to-LNG projects and integrated
gas projects. Finally, we intend to optimize our portfolio of development properties by focusing on areas where our
presence is well established, and divesting non-strategic or marginal assets.
For the year 2014, management plans to spend over ! 11 billion in reserves development and exploration projects.
Disclosure of reserves
Overview
The Company has adopted comprehensive classification criteria for the estimate of proved, proved developed and
proved undeveloped oil and gas reserves in accordance with applicable U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
regulations, as provided for in Regulation S-X, Rule 4-10. Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of liquids
(including condensates and natural gas liquids) and natural gas which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data,
can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a given date forward, from known
reservoirs, under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations prior to the time at
which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain.
Oil and natural gas prices used in the estimate of proved reserves are obtained from the official survey published
by Platt’s Marketwire, except when their calculation derives from existing contractual conditions. Prices are calculated
as the unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within the 12-month period
prior to the end of the reporting period. Prices include consideration of changes in existing prices provided only by
contractual arrangements.
Engineering estimates of the Company’s oil and gas reserves are inherently uncertain. Although authoritative
guidelines exist regarding engineering criteria that have to be met before estimated oil and gas reserves can be
designated as “proved”, the accuracy of any reserves estimate is a function of the quality of available data and
engineering and geological interpretation and evaluation. Consequently, the estimated proved reserves of oil and natural
gas may be subject to future revision and upward and downward revisions may be made to the initial booking of
reserves due to analysis of new information.
Proved reserves to which Eni is entitled under concession contracts are determined by applying Eni’s share of
production to total proved reserves of the contractual area, in respect of the duration of the relevant mineral right.
34
Proved reserves to which Eni is entitled under production sharing agreements are calculated so that the sale of
production entitlements should cover expenses incurred by the Group to develop a field (cost oil) and recognize the
profit oil set contractually (profit oil). A similar scheme applies to buy-back and service contracts.
Reserves governance
Eni retains rigorous control over the process of booking proved reserves, through a centralized model of reserves
governance. The Reserves Department of the Exploration & Production Division is entrusted with the task of:
(i) ensuring the periodic certification process of proved reserves; (ii) continuously updating the Company’s guidelines
on reserves evaluation and classification and the internal procedures; and (iii) providing training of staff involved in the
process of reserves estimation.
Company guidelines have been reviewed by DeGolyer and MacNaughton (D&M), an independent petroleum
engineering company, which has stated that those guidelines comply with the U.S. SEC rules1. D&M has also stated
that the Company guidelines provide reasonable interpretation of facts and circumstances in line with generally
accepted practices in the industry whenever U.S. SEC rules may be less precise. When participating in exploration and
production activities operated by other entities, Eni estimates its share of proved reserves on the basis of the above
guidelines.
The process for estimating reserves, as described in the internal procedure, involves the following roles and
responsibilities: (i) the Business Unit Managers (geographic units) and Local Reserves Evaluators (LRE) are in charge
with estimating and classifying gross reserves including assessing production profiles, capital expenditure, operating
expenses and costs related to asset retirement obligations; (ii) the Petroleum Engineering Department at the head office
verifies the production profiles of such properties where significant changes have occurred; (iii) Geographic Area
Managers verify the commercial conditions and the progress of the projects; (iv) the Planning and Control Department
provides the economic evaluation of reserves; and (v) the Reserves Department, through the Division Reserves
Evaluators (DRE), provides independent reviews of fairness and correctness of classifications carried out by the above
mentioned units and aggregates worldwide reserves data.
The head of the Reserves Department attended the “Politecnico di Torino” and received a Master of Science
degree in Mining Engineering in 1985. She has more than 25 years of experience in the oil and gas industry and more
than 15 years of experience in evaluating reserves.
Staff involved in the reserves evaluation process fulfils the professional qualifications requested and maintains the
highest level of independence, objectivity and confidentiality in accordance with professional ethics. Reserves
Evaluators qualifications comply with international standards defined by the Society of Petroleum Engineers.
Reserves independent evaluation
Since 1991, Eni has requested qualified independent oil engineering companies to carry out an independent
evaluation2 of part of its proved reserves on a rotational basis. The description of qualifications of the persons primarily
responsible for the reserves audit is included in the third-party audit report3. In the preparation of their reports,
independent evaluators rely upon information furnished by Eni, without independent verification, with respect to
property interests, production, current costs of operations and development, sales agreements, prices and other factual
information and data that were accepted as represented by the independent evaluators. These data, equally used by Eni
in its internal process, include logs, directional surveys, core and Pressure Volume Temperature (PVT) analysis, maps,
oil/gas/water production/injection data of wells, reservoir studies, technical analysis relevant to field performance,
development plans, future capital and operating costs.
In order to calculate the economic value of Eni’s equity reserves, actual prices applicable to hydrocarbon sales,
price adjustments required by applicable contractual arrangements and other pertinent information are provided by Eni
to third-party evaluators. In 2013, Ryder Scott Company and DeGolyer and MacNaughton provided an independent
evaluation of approximately 30% of Eni’s total proved reserves at December 31, 20134, confirming, as in previous
years, the reasonableness of Eni internal evaluation5.
In the 2011-2013 three-year period, 92% of Eni total proved reserves were subject to an independent evaluation.
As at December 31, 2013, the main Eni properties not subjected to independent evaluation in the last three years were
M’Boundi (Congo) and Elgin Franklin (United Kingdom).
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
See “Item 19 – Exhibits” in the Annual Report on Form 20-F 2009.
From 1991 to 2002, DeGolyer and MacNaughton; from 2003, also Ryder Scott.
See “Item 19 – Exhibits”.
Includes Eni’s share of proved reserves of equity-accounted entities.
See “Item 19 – Exhibits”.
35
Summary of proved oil and gas reserves
The tables below provide a summary of proved oil and gas reserves of the Group companies and its
equity-accounted entities by geographic area for the three years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. Net proved
reserves are set out in more detail under the heading “Supplemental oil and gas information” on page F-129.
HYDROCARBONS
(mmBOE)
Consolidated subsidiaries
Year ended Dec. 31, 2011 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2012 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2013 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Equity-accounted entities
Year ended Dec. 31, 2011 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2012 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2013 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Consolidated subsidiaries
and equity-accounted entities
Year ended Dec. 31, 2011 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2012 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2013 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Italy
Rest
of Europe
North Africa
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Kazakhstan Rest of Asia Americas
Australia
and Oceania
Total
reserves
707
540
167
524
406
118
499
408
91
707
540
167
524
406
118
499
408
91
630
374
256
591
349
242
557
343
214
630
374
256
591
349
242
557
343
214
2,031
1,175
856
1,915
1,080
835
1,783
1,003
780
21
19
2
20
20
19
19
2,052
1,194
858
1,935
1,100
835
1,802
1,022
780
1,021
742
279
1,048
716
332
1,155
701
454
83
4
79
81
81
75
75
1,104
746
358
1,129
716
413
1,230
701
529
950
482
468
1,041
458
583
1,035
566
469
950
482
468
1,041
458
583
1,035
566
469
230
129
101
184
108
76
263
90
173
656
5
651
668
82
586
7
3
4
886
134
752
852
190
662
270
93
177
238
162
76
236
170
66
240
153
87
386
26
360
730
20
710
726
18
708
624
188
436
966
190
776
966
171
795
133
112
21
128
107
21
176
123
53
133
112
21
128
107
21
176
123
53
5,940
3,716
2,224
5,667
3,394
2,273
5,708
3,387
2,321
1,146
54
1,092
1,499
122
1,377
827
40
787
7,086
3,770
3,316
7,166
3,516
3,650
6,535
3,427
3,108
36
LIQUIDS
(mmBBL)
Consolidated subsidiaries
Year ended Dec. 31, 2011 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2012 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2013 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Equity-accounted entities
Year ended Dec. 31, 2011 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2012 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2013 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Consolidated subsidiaries
and equity-accounted entities
Year ended Dec. 31, 2011 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2012 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2013 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Italy
Rest
of Europe
North Africa
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Kazakhstan Rest of Asia Americas
Australia
and Oceania
Total
reserves
259
184
75
227
165
62
220
177
43
259
184
75
227
165
62
220
177
43
372
195
177
351
180
171
330
179
151
372
195
177
351
180
171
330
179
151
917
622
295
904
584
320
830
561
269
17
16
1
17
17
16
16
934
638
296
921
601
320
846
577
269
670
483
187
672
456
216
723
465
258
22
4
18
16
16
15
15
692
487
205
688
456
232
738
465
273
653
215
438
670
203
467
679
295
384
653
215
438
670
203
467
679
295
384
106
34
72
82
41
41
128
38
90
110
110
114
8
106
1
1
216
34
182
196
49
147
129
38
91
132
92
40
154
109
45
147
96
51
151
25
126
119
19
100
116
19
97
283
117
166
273
128
145
263
115
148
25
25
24
24
22
20
2
25
25
24
24
22
20
2
3,134
1,850
1,284
3,084
1,762
1,322
3,079
1,831
1,248
300
45
255
266
44
222
148
35
113
3,434
1,895
1,539
3,350
1,806
1,544
3,227
1,866
1,361
37
NATURAL GAS
(BCF)
Consolidated subsidiaries
Year ended Dec. 31, 2011 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2012 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2013 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Equity-accounted entities
Year ended Dec. 31, 2011 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2012 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2013 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Consolidated subsidiaries
and equity-accounted entities
Year ended Dec. 31, 2011 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2012 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Year ended Dec. 31, 2013 .......................
Developed ..................................................
Undeveloped ..............................................
Italy
Rest
of Europe
North Africa
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Kazakhstan Rest of Asia Americas
Australia
and Oceania
Total
reserves
2,491
1,977
514
1,633
1,325
308
1,532
1,266
266
1,425
995
430
1,317
925
392
1,247
904
343
2
2
2,491
1,977
514
1,633
1,325
308
1,532
1,266
266
1,427
995
432
1,317
925
392
1,247
904
343
6,190
3,070
3,120
5,558
2,720
2,838
5,231
2,432
2,799
20
17
3
16
16
15
15
6,210
3,087
3,123
5,574
2,736
2,838
5,246
2,447
2,799
1,949
1,437
512
2,061
1,429
632
2,374
1,295
1,079
338
4
334
353
353
330
330
2,287
1,441
846
2,414
1,429
985
2,704
1,295
1,409
1,648
1,480
168
2,038
1,401
637
1,957
1,488
469
1,648
1,480
168
2,038
1,401
637
1,957
1,488
469
685
528
157
562
372
190
744
286
458
3,033
24
3,009
3,043
402
2,641
28
14
14
3,718
552
3,166
3,605
774
2,831
772
300
472
590
385
205
449
334
115
509
310
199
1,307
8
1,299
3,355
6
3,349
3,353
5
3,348
1,897
393
1,504
3,804
340
3,464
3,862
315
3,547
604
491
113
572
459
113
848
561
287
604
491
113
572
459
113
848
561
287
15,582
10,363
5,219
14,190
8,965
5,225
14,442
8,542
5,900
4,700
53
4,647
6,767
424
6,343
3,726
34
3,692
20,282
10,416
9,866
20,957
9,389
11,568
18,168
8,576
9,592
Volumes of oil and natural gas applicable to long-term supply agreements with foreign governments in mineral
assets where Eni is operator totaled 536 mmBOE as of December 31, 2013 (648 and 647 mmBOE as of December 31,
2012 and 2011, respectively). Said volumes are not included in reserves volumes shown in the table herein.
Subsidiaries
Equity-accounted entities
2011
2012
2013
2011
2012
2013
(mmBOE)
Additions to proved reserves ........................
Purchases of minerals-in-place ....................
Sales of minerals-in-place ............................
Production for the year .................................
183
2
(9)
(568)
549
(212)
(610)
621
4
(13)
(571)
644
404
(9)
(38)
(13)
(652)
(20)
Subsidiaries and
equity-accounted entities
2011
2012
(%)
2013
Proved reserves replacement
ratio of subsidiaries
and equity-accounted entities, all sources ...
142
113
(7)
Eni’s proved reserves as of December 31, 2013 totaled 6,535 mmBOE (liquids 3,227 mmBBL; natural gas 18,168
BCF). Eni’s proved reserves reported a decrease of 631 mmBOE, or 8.8%, from December 31, 2012. All sources
additions to proved reserves were negative in 2013 due to the divestment of our equity stake in the joint venture
Severenergia which owns and operates gas fields in Siberia, Russia. This disposal reduced our proved reserves by 652
mmBOE (for further information see “Eni’s share of equity-accounted entities”). Excluding sales of mineral-in-place,
38
additions to proved reserves booked in 2013 were 621 mmBOE, all relating to Eni’s subsidiaries. Other proved property
divestments were made in the United Kingdom (13 mmBOE). Acquisitions referred to interests in assets located in
Egypt (4 mmBOE).
Price effects were negligible, leading to an upward revision of 14 mmBOE, due to a lowered Brent price used in
the reserve estimation process down to $108 per barrel in 2013 compared to $111 per barrel in 2012.
The methods (or technologies) used in the Eni’s proved reserves assessment in 2013 depend on stage of
development, quality and completeness of data, and production history availability. The methods include volumetric
estimates, analogies, reservoir modeling, decline curve analysis or a combination of such methods. The data considered
for these analyses are obtained from a combination of reliable technologies that produce consistent and repeatable
results including well or field measurements (i.e. logs, core samples, pressure information, fluid samples, production
test data and performance data) and indirect measurements (i.e. seismic data). However for each reservoir assessment
the most suitable combination of technologies and methods is applied providing a high degree of confidence in
establishing reliable reserves estimates.
The all sources reserves replacement ratio achieved by Eni’s subsidiaries and equity-accounted entities was
negative in 2013 (113% in 2012 and 142% in 2011) and it was influenced by the assets disposal in Russia. Excluding
the portfolio activities the organic reserves replacement ratio was 105% (153% in 2012 and 143% in 2011). The all
sources reserves replacement ratio was calculated by dividing additions to proved reserves including sales and
purchases of mineral-in-place by total production, each as derived from the tables of changes in proved reserves
prepared in accordance with FASB Extractive Activities - Oil & Gas (Topic 932) (see the supplemental oil and gas
information in “Item 18 – Consolidated Financial Statements”). The reserves replacement ratio is a measure used by
management to assess the extent to which produced reserves in the year are replaced by booked reserves total additions.
Management considers the reserve replacement ratio to be an important indicator of the Company’s ability to sustain its
growth perspectives. However, this ratio measures past performances and is not an indicator of future production
because the ultimate recovery of reserves is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. These include the risks
associated with the successful completion of large-scale projects, including addressing ongoing regulatory issues and
completion of infrastructures, as well as changes in oil and gas prices, political risks and geological and environmental
risks. Specifically, in recent years Eni’s reserves replacement ratio has been affected by the impact of changes in
hydrocarbon prices on reserves entitlements in the Company’s production sharing agreements and similar contractual
schemes. In accordance with such contracts, Eni is entitled to a portion of field reserves, the sale of which should cover
expenditures incurred by the Company to develop and operate the field. The higher the hydrocarbons reference prices
used to determine year-end amounts of Eni’s proved reserves, the lower the number of barrels necessary to cover the
same amount of expenditures. See “Item 3 – Risks associated with exploration and production of oil and natural gas –
(vii) Uncertainties in estimates of oil and natural gas reserves”.
The average reserves life index of Eni’s proved reserves was 11.1 years as of December 31, 2013 which included
reserves of both subsidiaries and equity-accounted entities.
Eni’s subsidiaries
Eni’s subsidiaries added 621 mmBOE of proved oil and gas reserves in 2013. This comprised 299 mmBBL of
liquids and 1,773 BCF of natural gas. Additions to proved reserves derived from: (i) revisions of previous estimates
were 508 mmBOE mainly reported in Congo, Iraq, Australia and Nigeria; (ii) extensions, discoveries and others were
108 mmBOE, with major increases booked in Angola, Indonesia and the United States; and (iii) improved recovery
were 5 mmBOE mainly reported in Nigeria.
Eni’s share of equity-accounted entities
Eni’s share of equity-accounted entities reported the divestment of Eni’s 60% interest in Artic Russia to certain
Gazprom companies. Artic Russia is the parent company with a 49% stake of Severenergia, which holds four licenses
for the exploration and production of hydrocarbons in the Region of Yamal Nenets (Siberia). On January 15, 2014, the
consideration for the disposal equal to ! 2.16 billion ($2,940 million) was cashed in.
Proved undeveloped reserves
Proved undeveloped reserves as of December 31, 2013 totaled 3,108 mmBOE. At year end, proved undeveloped
reserves of liquids amounted to 1,361 mmBBL, mainly concentrated in Africa and Kazakhstan. Proved undeveloped
39
reserves of natural gas amounted to 9,592 BCF, mainly located in Africa and Venezuela. Proved undeveloped reserves
of consolidated subsidiaries amounted to 1,248 mmBBL of liquids and 5,900 BCF of natural gas.
In 2013, total proved undeveloped reserves decreased by 542 mmBOE mainly due to disposal in Russia as well as
due to upwards and downwards revisions mainly related to contractual and technical revisions.
During 2013, Eni converted 337 mmBOE of proved undeveloped reserves to proved developed reserves due to
development activities, production start-ups and revisions. The main reclassifications to proved developed reserves
related to the following fields/projects: Kashagan (Kazakhstan), CAFC-MLE and Block 208 (Algeria), Jasmine (United
Kingdom) and Zubair (Iraq).
In 2013, capital expenditures amounted to approximately ! 2 billion and was made to progress the development of
proved undeveloped reserves.
Reserves that remain proved undeveloped for five or more years are a result of several factors that affect the timing
of the projects development and execution, such as the complex nature of the development project in adverse and
remote locations, physical limitations of infrastructures or plant capacity and contractual limitations that establish
production levels. The Company estimates that approximately 0.8 BBOE of proved undeveloped reserves have
remained undeveloped for five years or more with respect to the balance sheet date, mainly related to: (i) the Kashagan
project in Kazakhstan for approximately 0.4 BBOE which will be progressively reclassified to proved developed as a
result of hooking-up new producing wells which are currently being drilled and plant capacity expansion as part of the
completion of the sanctioned Phase 1 of the global development plan of the Kashagan field (the so-called Experimental
Program); (ii) some Libyan gas fields (0.3 BBOE) where development completion and production start-up are planned
according to the delivery obligations set forth in a long-term gas supply agreement currently in force. In order to secure
fulfillment of the contractual delivery quantities, Eni will implement phased production start-up from the relevant fields,
which are expected to be put in production over the next several years; and (iii) other minor projects where development
activities are progressing. (See also our discussion under the “Risk factors” section about risks associated with oil and
gas development projects on page 9).
Eni remains strongly committed to put these projects into production over the next few years. The length of the
development period is a function of a range of external factors, such as for example the type of development, the
location and physical operating environment of the field or the absence of infrastructure, considering that the majority
of our projects are infrastructure-driven, and not a function of internal factors, such as an insufficient devotion of
resources by Eni or a diminished commitment on the part of Eni to complete the project.
Delivery commitments
Eni sells crude oil and natural gas from its producing operations under a variety of contractual obligations. Some of
these contracts, mostly relating to natural gas, specify the delivery of fixed and determinable quantities.
Eni is contractually committed under existing contracts or agreements to deliver in the next three years mainly
natural gas to third parties for a total of approximately 348 mmBOE from producing assets located mainly in Algeria,
Australia, Egypt, Libya, Nigeria and Norway.
The sales contracts contain a mix of fixed and variable pricing formulas that are generally referenced to the market
price for crude oil, natural gas or other petroleum products.
Management believes it can satisfy these contracts from quantities available from production of the Company’s
proved developed reserves and supplies from third parties based on existing contracts. Production will account for
approximately 75% of delivery commitments.
Eni has met all contractual delivery commitments as of December 31, 2013.
Oil and gas production, production prices and production costs
The matters regarding future production, additions to reserves and related production costs and estimated
reserves discussed below and elsewhere herein are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that
could cause the actual results to differ materially from those in such forward-looking statements. Such risks and
uncertainties relating to future production and additions to reserves include political developments affecting the award
of exploration or production interests or world supply and prices for oil and natural gas, or changes in the underlying
economics of certain of Eni’s important hydrocarbons projects. Such risks and uncertainties relating to future
production costs include delays or unexpected costs incurred in Eni’s production operations.
40
In 2013, oil and natural gas production available for sale averaged 1,537 KBOE/d (1,631 KBOE/d in 2012)
declined by 5.8% from 2012, reflecting significant force majeure events in particular in Libya, Nigeria and Algeria,
which considerably impacted the production level and the disposals made in the first half of 2012, while it was partially
helped by the performance of the Elgin-Franklin field (Eni’s interest 21.87%) in the United Kingdom, operated by
another oil major, which was off line in 2012 due to a gas leak. The contribution of the new fields start-ups and
continuing production ramp-ups mainly in Algeria and Egypt partly offset the effects of planned facility downtimes and
technical problems, in the North Sea and in the Gulf of Mexico respectively, as well as mature field declines.
Liquids production (833 KBBL/d) decreased by 49 KBBL/d, or 5.6% from the previous year, driven mainly by
lower production in Libya and Nigeria, planned and extraordinary downtimes and mature field declines. These
negatives were partly offset by new field start-ups and production ramp-ups mainly in: (i) Algeria, following the
start-up of the MLE-CAFC (Eni’s interest 75%) and the El Merk (Eni’s interest 12.25%) projects; (ii) Egypt, following
the ramp-up of Meleiha Area (Eni’s interest 76%); and (iii) Iraq, due to increased production at the Zubair field (Eni’s
interest 41.6%).
Natural gas production (3,868 mmCF/d) decreased by 250 mmCF/d, or 6.1%. The lower production in Nigeria,
planned and extraordinary downtimes and mature field declines were partially offset by the contribution of new field
start-ups and ramp-ups of the year, mainly in Algeria and the United Kingdom following the start-up of Jasmine field
(Eni’s interest 33%).
Oil and gas production sold amounted to 555.3 mmBOE. The 35.7 mmBOE difference over production (591
mmBOE) reflected mainly volumes of natural gas consumed in operations (30 mmBOE). Approximately 60% of liquids
production sold (299.5 mmBBL) was destined to Eni’s Refining & Marketing Division (of which 25% was processed in
Eni’s refineries). About 27% of natural gas production sold (1,405 BCF) was destined to Eni’s Gas & Power Division.
The tables below provide Eni subsidiaries and its equity-accounted entities’ production, by final product sold of
liquids and natural gas by geographical area of each of the last three fiscal years.
LIQUIDS PRODUCTION
(KBBL/d)
2011
2012
2013
Eni consolidated
subsidiaries
Eni share
of equity-
accounted entities
Eni consolidated
subsidiaries
Eni share
of equity-
accounted entities
Eni consolidated
subsidiaries
Eni share
of equity-
accounted entities
Italy ..................................................
Rest of Europe .................................
North Africa ....................................
Sub-Saharan Africa .........................
Kazakhstan ......................................
Rest of Asia .....................................
Americas ..........................................
Australia and Oceania .....................
64
120
204
275
64
33
55
11
826
63
95
267
245
61
41
72
18
862
5
3
1
10
19
71
77
248
242
61
43
61
10
813
4
2
3
11
20
4
6
10
20
NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION AVAILABLE FOR SALE (a)
(mmCF/d)
2011
2012
2013
Eni consolidated
subsidiaries
Eni share
of equity-
accounted entities
Eni consolidated
subsidiaries
Eni share
of equity-
accounted entities
Eni consolidated
subsidiaries
Eni share
of equity-
accounted entities
Italy ..................................................
Rest of Europe .................................
North Africa ....................................
Sub-Saharan Africa .........................
Kazakhstan ......................................
Rest of Asia .....................................
Americas ..........................................
Australia and Oceania .....................
________
648
498
1,165
422
212
378
323
93
3,739
667
421
1,589
444
202
355
273
96
4,047
4
20
24
593
395
1,510
349
195
322
234
105
3,703
3
68
71
4
7
154
165
(a)
It excludes production volumes of natural gas consumed in operations. Said volumes were 451, 383 and 321 mmCF/d in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
41
Volumes of oil and natural gas purchased under long-term supply contracts with foreign governments or similar
entities in properties where Eni acts as producer totaled 67 KBOE/d, 78 KBOE/d and 28 KBOE/d in 2013, 2012 and
2011, respectively.
The tables below provide Eni subsidiaries and its equity-accounted entities’ average sales prices per unit of liquids
and natural gas by geographical area for each of the last three fiscal years. Also Eni subsidiaries and its
equity-accounted entities’ average production cost per unit of production are provided. The average production cost
does not include any ad valorem or severance taxes.
AVERAGE SALES PRICES AND PRODUCTION COST PER UNIT OF PRODUCTION
Italy
Rest
of Europe
North Africa
Sub-Saharan
Africa
Kazakhstan
Rest of Asia Americas
Australia
and Oceania
Total
($)
2011
Consolidated subsidiaries
Oil and condensates, per BBL ...................
Natural gas, per KCF .................................
Average production cost, per BOE ...........
Equity-accounted entities
Oil and condensates, per BBL ...................
Natural gas, per KCF .................................
Average production cost, per BOE ...........
2012
Consolidated subsidiaries
Oil and condensates, per BBL ...................
Natural gas, per KCF .................................
Average production cost, per BOE ...........
Equity-accounted entities
Oil and condensates, per BBL ...................
Natural gas, per KCF .................................
Average production cost, per BOE ...........
2013
Consolidated subsidiaries
Oil and condensates, per BBL ...................
Natural gas, per KCF .................................
Average production cost, per BOE ...........
Equity-accounted entities
Oil and condensates, per BBL ...................
Natural gas, per KCF .................................
Average production cost, per BOE ...........
Development activities
101.20
11.56
11.17
97.56
9.72
10.31
97.18
10.65
26.91
97.63
5.95
5.96
17.98
5.39
10.82
100.52
10.68
11.60
100.67
10.13
13.43
103.63
8.13
6.28
93.11
11.64
30.10
17.93
4.91
10.35
110.09
1.97
18.32
108.92
11.43
108.34
2.16
18.65
112.28
10.60
98.50
11.65
14.58
98.97
10.62
17.49
100.42
7.96
6.72
105.13
2.16
19.60
99.37
0.64
7.23
17.96
6.29
11.87
98.68
0.57
6.37
101.09
5.27
8.28
101.15
4.02
12.38
98.05
7.38
12.14
102.47
6.44
10.86
74.98
15.68
7.68
93.03
46.77
84.78
13.89
26.76
102.25
0.67
6.73
103.44
5.94
8.37
85.94
2.90
10.46
93.45
46.01
85.27
3.37
12.08
93.32
50.57
102.06
7.73
13.23
103.06
7.14
10.82
77.94
6.16
20.21
98.72
7.80
18.17
100.20
7.41
12.19
64.92
4.00
16.68
40.36
6.17
4.37
99.69
5.83
9.32
33.87
3.49
3.48
In 2013, a total of 463 development wells were drilled (187.2 of which represented Eni’s share) as compared to
351 development wells drilled in 2012 (163.6 of which represented Eni’s share) and 407 development wells drilled in
2011 (186.1 of which represented Eni’s share). The drilling of 130 wells (45 of which represented Eni’s share) is
currently underway.
42
The table below summarizes the number of the Company’s net interest in productive and dry development wells
completed in each of the past three years and the status of the Company’s development wells in the process of being
drilled as of December 31, 2013. A dry well is one found to be incapable of producing either oil or gas in sufficient
quantities to justify completion as an oil or gas well.
DEVELOPMENT WELL ACTIVITY
Net wells completed
Wells in progress
at Dec. 31,
2011
2012
2013
2013
(units)
Italy ......................................................................
Rest of Europe .....................................................
North Africa ........................................................
Sub-Saharan Africa .............................................
Kazakhstan ..........................................................
Rest of Asia .........................................................
Americas ..............................................................
Australia and Oceania .........................................
Total including equity-accounted entities .....
Productive
25.3
3.3
55.9
28.2
1.3
39.2
27.6
0.4
181.2
Exploration activities
Dry
Productive
18.0
2.9
46.0
27.4
1.4
41.2
23.1
0.3
1.1
1.0
2.5
Dry
1.0
0.6
1.6
0.3
0.1
Productive
7.4
6.3
61.6
26.3
0.3
61.7
13.8
Dry
Gross
Net
1.0
3.3
1.2
4.3
3.0
31.0
20.0
20.0
17.0
26.0
12.0
1.0
130.0
3.0
5.9
11.3
5.1
3.1
11.4
4.8
0.4
45.0
4.9
160.0
3.6
177.4
9.8
In 2013, a total of 53 new exploratory wells were drilled (27.8 of which represented Eni’s share), as compared to
60 exploratory wells drilled in 2012 (34.1 of which represented Eni’s share) and 56 exploratory wells drilled in 2011
(28 of which represented Eni’s share).
The overall commercial success rate was 36.9% (38.5% net to Eni) as compared to 40% (40.8% net to Eni) and
42% (38.6% net to Eni) in 2012 and 2011, respectively.
The following table summarizes the Company’s net interests in productive and dry exploratory wells completed in
each of the last three fiscal years and the number of exploratory wells in the process of being drilled and evaluated as of
December 31, 2013. A dry well is one found to be incapable of producing either oil or gas in sufficient quantities to
justify completion as an oil or gas well.
EXPLORATORY WELL ACTIVITY
Net wells completed
Wells in progress
at Dec. 31,(1)
2011
2012
2013
2013
(units)
Italy ......................................................................
Rest of Europe .....................................................
North Africa ........................................................
Sub-Saharan Africa .............................................
Kazakhstan ..........................................................
Rest of Asia .........................................................
Americas ..............................................................
Australia and Oceania .........................................
Total including equity-accounted entities ......
Productive
Dry
Productive
1.0
1.0
6.3
4.5
0.7
3.4
2.6
7.6
0.5
1.4
15.7
13.3
Dry
Productive
Dry
Gross
Net
1.0
11.3
5.1
0.8
0.6
0.1
0.4
19.3
4.9
3.2
4.3
0.2
12.6
3.4
5.4
6.6
0.4
2.7
1.2
0.5
20.2
5.0
17.0
14.0
60.0
6.0
21.0
4.0
2.0
129.0
3.4
6.2
9.8
24.3
1.1
8.2
1.2
0.8
55.0
0.3
6.2
0.6
0.2
2.5
9.8
___________________
(1)
Includes temporary suspended wells pending further evaluation.
Oil and gas properties, operations and acreage
As of December 31, 2013, Eni’s mineral right portfolio consisted of 976 exclusive or shared rights for exploration
and development in 42 countries on five continents for a total acreage of 276,256 square kilometers net to Eni of which
developed acreage of 41,538 square kilometers and undeveloped acreage of 234,718 square kilometers.
In 2013, changes in total net acreage mainly derived from: (i) new leases mainly in Cyprus, Kenya, Greenland,
Norway, Russia and Vietnam for a total acreage of approximately 48,000 square kilometers; (ii) the total relinquishment
of licenses mainly in Angola, China, Congo, Egypt, Poland, Russia, Timor Leste, the United States and the United
43
Kingdom, covering an acreage of approximately 15,000 square kilometers; and (iii) partial relinquishment or interest
reduction in Congo, Indonesia, Mozambique and Timor Leste for approximately 6,000 square kilometers.
The table below provides certain information about the Company’s oil and gas properties. It provides the total
gross and net developed and undeveloped oil and natural gas acreage in which the Group and its equity-accounted
entities had interest as of December 31, 2013. A gross acreage is one in which Eni owns a working interest.
December 31, 2012
December 31, 2013
Total net acreage (a)
Number
of interests
Gross
developed
acreage (a) (b)
Gross
undeveloped
acreage (a)
Total gross
acreage (a)
Net
developed
acreage (a) (b)
Net
undeveloped
acreage (a)
Total net
acreage (a)
EUROPE..................................................
Italy...........................................................
Rest of Europe ........................................
Cyprus ......................................................
Croatia ......................................................
Norway .....................................................
Poland ......................................................
Ukraine .....................................................
United Kingdom ......................................
Other countries ........................................
AFRICA...................................................
North Africa ...........................................
Algeria ......................................................
Egypt ........................................................
Libya ........................................................
Tunisia ......................................................
Sub-Saharan Africa ..............................
Angola ......................................................
Congo .......................................................
Democratic Republic of Congo ..............
Gabon .......................................................
Ghana .......................................................
Kenya .......................................................
Liberia ......................................................
Mozambique ............................................
Nigeria ......................................................
Togo .........................................................
Other countries ........................................
ASIA ........................................................
Kazakhstan..............................................
Rest of Asia .............................................
China ........................................................
India .........................................................
Indonesia ..................................................
Iran ...........................................................
Iraq ...........................................................
Pakistan ....................................................
Russia .......................................................
Timor Leste ..............................................
Turkmenistan ...........................................
Vietnam ....................................................
Other countries ........................................
AMERICAS ...........................................
Ecuador ....................................................
Greenland .................................................
Trinidad & Tobago ..................................
United States ............................................
Venezuela ................................................
Other countries ........................................
AUSTRALIA AND OCEANIA ...........
Australia ...................................................
Other countries ........................................
Total .........................................................
________
27,423
17,556
9,867
987
2,676
1,968
1,941
914
1,381
142,796
21,390
1,232
4,590
13,294
2,274
121,406
6,079
5,035
263
7,615
1,885
35,724
2,036
9,069
7,646
6,192
39,862
58,042
869
57,173
10,495
6,208
19,734
820
352
10,533
1,469
4,118
200
3,244
9,075
1,985
66
4,632
1,066
1,326
13,834
13,796
38
251,170
264
151
113
3
2
57
2
12
34
3
280
116
42
53
10
11
164
71
28
1
6
2
4
3
1
41
2
5
70
6
64
8
11
13
4
1
18
3
1
1
3
1
348
1
1
1
331
6
8
14
14
16,170
10,663
5,507
1,975
2,264
50
1,218
66,341
32,560
3,223
4,926
17,947
6,464
33,781
6,498
1,835
25,448
19,013
2,391
16,622
76
206
3,220
1,456
1,074
10,390
200
4,809
1,985
382
1,640
802
1,140
1,140
40,753
10,815
29,938
12,523
9,302
969
3,840
223
3,081
185,574
14,334
187
5,460
8,687
171,240
14,991
2,890
478
7,615
4,676
46,410
7,365
10,207
10,838
6,192
59,578
168,024
2,542
165,482
5,130
16,546
25,779
17,731
62,592
1,538
21,566
14,600
15,268
2,630
5,089
2,002
5,547
22,436
22,436
56,923
21,478
35,445
12,523
1,975
11,566
969
3,890
1,441
3,081
251,915
46,894
3,410
10,386
26,634
6,464
205,021
21,489
4,725
478
7,615
4,676
46,410
7,365
10,207
36,286
6,192
59,578
187,037
4,933
182,104
5,206
16,752
28,999
1,456
1,074
28,121
62,592
1,538
200
21,566
14,600
20,077
1,985
2,630
382
6,729
2,804
5,547
23,576
23,576
10,907
8,948
1,959
987
346
30
596
20,131
14,150
1,148
1,778
8,950
2,274
5,981
802
1,017
4,162
6,650
442
6,208
19
109
1,218
820
446
3,396
200
3,141
1,985
66
822
268
709
709
6,262
31
1,887
4,344
26,111
8,334
17,777
10,018
3,433
969
1,911
42
1,404
37,018
17,282
19,736
10,018
987
3,779
969
1,941
638
1,404
116,965 137,096
20,412
1,179
3,665
13,294
2,274
110,703 116,684
4,443
3,125
263
7,615
1,664
38,930
1,841
5,103
7,646
6,192
39,862
79,314
869
78,445
5,149
6,167
19,209
820
446
10,335
20,862
1,230
200
10,783
3,244
9,206
1,985
920
66
3,843
1,066
1,326
13,622
13,622
3,641
2,108
263
7,615
1,664
38,930
1,841
5,103
3,484
6,192
39,862
72,664
427
72,237
5,130
6,058
17,991
3,021
798
1,326
12,913
12,913
6,939
20,862
1,230
10,783
3,244
6,065
920
976
107,473
432,055
539,528
41,538
234,718 276,256
(a)
(b)
Square kilometers.
Developed acreage refers to those leases in which at least a portion of the area is in production or encompasses proved developed reserves.
44
The table below provides the number of gross and net productive oil and natural gas wells in which the Group
companies and its equity-accounted entities had an interest as of December 31, 2013. A gross well is a well in which
Eni owns a working interest. The number of gross wells is the total number of wells in which Eni owns a whole or
fractional working interest. The number of net wells is the sum of the whole or fractional working interests in a gross
well. One or more completions in the same bore hole are counted as one well. Productive wells are producing wells and
wells capable of production. The total number of oil and natural gas productive wells is 8,697 (3,424.4 of which
represent Eni’s share).
Productive oil and gas wells at Dec. 31, 2013 (a)
(units)
Italy ...............................................................................................
Rest of Europe ..............................................................................
North Africa .................................................................................
Sub-Saharan Africa ......................................................................
Kazakhstan ...................................................................................
Rest of Asia ..................................................................................
Americas .......................................................................................
Australia and Oceania ..................................................................
Total including equity-accounted entities ..............................
________
(a)
Multiple completion wells included above: approximately 2,162 (761.2 net to Eni).
Oil wells
Natural gas wells
Gross
Net
Gross
Net
240.0
415.0
1,590.0
2,908.0
104.0
644.0
191.0
7.0
6,099.0
194.1
60.8
820.4
585.9
29.7
417.3
105.4
3.8
2,217.4
615.0
182.0
199.0
339.0
897.0
352.0
14.0
2,598.0
531.5
90.2
85.8
25.5
341.6
129.1
3.3
1,207.0
Eni’s principal oil and gas properties are described below. In the discussion that follows, references to hydrocarbon
production are intended to represent hydrocarbon production available for sale.
Italy
Eni has been operating in Italy since 1926. In 2013, Eni’s oil and gas production amounted to 179 KBOE/d. Eni’s
activities in Italy are deployed in the Adriatic and Ionian Sea, the Central Southern Apennines, mainland and offshore
Sicily and the Po Valley. Eni’s exploration and development activities in Italy are regulated by concession contracts (67
operated onshore and 72 operated offshore).
The Adriatic and Ionian Sea represents Eni’s main production area, accounting for 49% of Eni’s domestic
production in 2013. Main operated fields are Barbara, Annamaria, Angela-Angelina, Porto Garibaldi, Cervia, Bonaccia,
Luna and Hera Lacinia.
45
Eni is the operator of the Val d’Agri concession (Eni’s interest 60.77%) in the Basilicata Region in Southern Italy.
Production from the Monte Alpi, Monte Enoc and Cerro Falcone fields is fed by 29 production wells and is treated by
the Viggiano oil center. In 2013, the Val d’Agri
concession produced 34% of Eni’s production in Italy.
Eni operates 12 production concessions onshore and
2 offshore Sicily. The main fields are Gela, Ragusa,
Tresauro, Giaurone, Fiumetto and Prezioso, which in
2013 accounted for approximately 10% of Eni’s
production in Italy.
The development activity for the year was focused
on maintenance and optimization of producing fields and
existing facilities.
In the Val d’Agri concession the development plan
is ongoing as agreed with the Basilicata Region in 1998:
(i) the construction of a new gas treatment unit
progressed, aiming at improving the environmental
performance of the treatment unit and achieving a
production capacity of 104 KBBL/d; and (ii) start-up of
Alli 2 producing well.
Other main development activities concerned the
maintenance and production optimization at the fields
located in the Adriatic offshore and onshore area in
Sicily as well as the upgrading of compression and
hydrocarbon
the production
platform of the Barbara field.
treatment facilities at
46
In the medium term, management expects a stable production driven by continuing ramp-up at the Val d’Agri
fields, new field projects and production optimization activities offsetting mature field declines.
Rest of Europe
Eni’s operations in the Rest of Europe are conducted mainly in Croatia, Norway and the United Kingdom. In 2013,
the Rest of Europe accounted for 10% of Eni’s total worldwide production of oil and natural gas.
Croatia. Eni has been present in Croatia since 1996. In 2013, Eni’s production of natural gas averaged 41
mmCF/d. Activities are deployed in the Adriatic Sea near the city of Pula.
Exploration and production activities in Croatia are regulated by PSAs.
The main producing gas fields are Annamaria, Ivana, Ika & Ida, Ana, Vesna, Irina, Marica and Katarina and are
operated by Eni through a 50/50 joint operating company with the Croatian oil company INA.
Cyprus. In January 2013, Exploration and Production Sharing Contracts (EPSC) were signed with the Republic of
Cyprus, for Blocks 2, 3 and 9 located in the Cypriot deep offshore portion of the Levantine Basin. The new acreage
encompasses an area of around 12,530 square kilometers, and marks the entry of Eni in the Country. Eni was awarded
the three blocks whilst leading the consortium with an 80% interest.
Norway. Eni has been operating in Norway since 1965. Eni’s activities are performed in the Norwegian Sea, in the
Norwegian section of the North Sea and in the Barents Sea. Eni’s production in Norway amounted to 103 KBOE/d in
2013.
Exploration and production activities in Norway are regulated by Production Licenses (PL). According to a PL, the
holder is entitled to perform seismic surveys and drilling and production activities for a given number of years with
possible extensions.
Eni currently holds interests in 10 production areas in the Norwegian Sea. The principal producing fields are
Åsgard (Eni’s interest 14.82%), Kristin (Eni’s interest 8.25%), Heidrun (Eni’s interest 5.17%), Mikkel (Eni’s interest
14.9%), Tyrihans (Eni’s interest 6.2%), Marulk (Eni operator with a 20% interest) and Morvin (Eni’s interest 30%)
which in 2013 accounted for 79% of Eni’s production in Norway. The Skuld field (Eni’s interest 11.5%) started up with
a production of approximately 30 KBOE/d (approximately 4 KBOE/d net to Eni).
47
Eni holds interests in 5 production licenses in the Norwegian section of the North Sea. The main producing field is
Ekofisk (Eni’s interest 12.39%) in PL 018, which in 2013 produced approximately 22 KBOE/d net to Eni and
accounted for 21% of Eni’s production in Norway. The license expires in 2028, and negotiations are ongoing to grant an
extension. Activities were performed during the year to maintain and optimize the production rate by means of drilling
of infilling wells, upgrading of existing facilities and optimization of water injection. The development of the South
Area was completed in the year.
Eni is currently performing exploration and development activities in the Barents Sea. Operations have been
focused on developing the Goliat discovery made in 2000 at a water depth of 370 meters in PL 229 (Eni operator with a
65% interest). The license expires in 2042. The project is progressing; the production start-up is expected by the end of
2014 with a production of 56 KBBL/d net to Eni in 2015.
During the year, Eni was awarded the operatorship and a 40% interest in the PL 717, PL 712, PL 716 and PL 697
(Eni’s interest 65%) exploration licenses, as well as a 30% stake in the PL 696 and 714 licenses in the Barents Sea.
Exploration activities yielded positive results in the: (i) PL 532 license (Eni’s interest 30%) with the oil and gas
Skavl discovery, in addition to the recent oil and gas discoveries of Skrugard and Havis. The total recoverable resources
are estimated at over 500 million barrels at 100% and are planned to be put in production by means of fast-track
synergic development; and (ii) PL 479 license (Eni’s interest 19.6%) with the Smørbukk near field gas discovery that
will leverage on the synergies with the existing production facilities.
United Kingdom. Eni has been present in the United Kingdom since 1964. Eni’s activities are carried out in the
British section of the North Sea, the Irish Sea and Atlantic Ocean. In 2013, Eni’s net production of oil and gas averaged
39 KBOE/d.
Exploration and production activities in the United Kingdom are regulated by concession contracts.
Within its strategy of portfolio optimization, Eni finalized the disposal of 19 development/production fields and 11
exploration licenses.
Eni currently holds interests in 5 production areas of which the Hewett Area is operated by Eni with an 89.3%
interest. The other fields are Elgin/Franklin (Eni’s interest 21.87%), West Franklin (Eni’s interest 21.87%), Liverpool
Bay (Eni’s interest 53.9%; 100% after acquisition of the remaining share in 2014), J Block Area (Eni’s interest 33%)
and MacCulloch (Eni’s interest 40%), which in 2013
accounted for 80% of Eni’s production in the United
Kingdom.
Production started at the oil and gas Jasmine field
(Eni’s interest 33%), with the installation activities and
linkage to productive and treatment facilities. A peak of
approximately 117 KBBL/d (39 KBBL/d net to Eni) is
expected in 2014.
Other development activities concerned the West
Franklin field with the construction and installation of
production platform and linkage to nearby treatment
facilities. Start-up is expected at the end of 2014.
North Africa
Eni’s operations in North Africa are conducted in
Algeria, Egypt, Libya and Tunisia. In 2013, North Africa
accounted for 34% of Eni’s total worldwide production of
oil and natural gas.
Algeria. Eni has been present in Algeria since 1981. In
2013, Eni’s oil and gas production averaged 81 KBOE/d.
Operated and participated activities are located in the
Bir Rebaa area in the South-Eastern Desert: (i) Blocks
403a/d (Eni’s interest 100%); (ii) Block Rom North (Eni’s
interest 35%); (iii) Blocks 401a/402a (Eni’s interest 55%);
(iv) Blocks 403 (Eni’s interest 50%) and 404 (Eni’s interest
12.25%, non-operated); (v) Blocks 208 (Eni’s interest
12.25%, non-operated) and 405b (Eni’s interest 75%); and
48
(vi) Block 212 (Eni’s interest 22.38%) with discoveries
already made.
Exploration and production activities in Algeria are
sharing agreements and
regulated by production
concession contracts.
Production in Block 403a/d and Rom North comes
mainly from the HBN and Rom and satellite fields and
represented approximately 18% of Eni’s production in
Algeria in 2013.
Production in Blocks 401a/402a comes mainly from
the ROD/SFNE and satellite fields and accounted for
approximately 20% of Eni’s production in Algeria in
2013.
The main fields in Block 403 are BRN, BRW and
BRSW which accounted for approximately 14% of Eni’s
production in Algeria in 2013.
The main fields in Block 404 are HBN and HBNS
and satellites which accounted for approximately 30% of
Eni’s production in Algeria in 2013.
In 2013, production started at the MLE-CAFC
project in Block 405b. The natural gas treatment plant has
a production and export capacity of 320 mmCF/d of gas,
15 KBBL/d of oil and condensates and 12 KBBL/d of
LPG. Four export pipelines link it to the national grid
system. In the year MLE-CAFC fields accounted for
approximately 14% of Eni’s production in Algeria. The
integrated project MLE-CAFC targets a production
plateau of approximately 33 KBOE/d net to Eni by 2017.
In Block 208, the El Merk field started up with the
construction of a gas treatment plant for approximately
600 mmCF/d, two oil trains for 65 KBBL/d each and
three export pipelines linked to the local network. The El
Merk field accounted approximately 4% of Eni’s
production in Algeria in 2013. Production peak of 18
KBOE/d net to Eni is expected in 2015.
Egypt. Eni has been present in Egypt since 1954. In
2013, Eni’s share of production in this Country amounted
to 215 KBOE/d and accounted for 14% of Eni’s total
annual hydrocarbon production. Eni’s main producing
liquid fields are located in the Gulf of Suez, primarily the
Belayim field (Eni’s interest 100%), and in the Western
Desert mainly the Meleiha (Eni’s interest 76%) and the
Ras Qattara (Eni’s interest 75%) concessions. Gas
production mainly comes
the operated or
participated concession of North Port Said (Eni’s interest
100%), El Temsah (Eni’s interest 50%), Baltim (Eni’s
interest 50%) and Ras el Barr (Eni’s interest 50%, non
operated), located offshore the Nile Delta. In 2013,
production from these large concessions accounted for
approximately 94% of Eni’s production in Egypt.
from
Exploration and production activities in Egypt are
regulated by production sharing agreements.
Development activities concerned: (i) infilling activities at the Belayim, Denise (Eni’s interest 50%), Tuna (Eni’s
interest 50%) fields and the Western Desert Area to optimize the mineral potential recovery factor; (ii) completion of
49
the drilling activities at the Seth field (Eni’s interest 50%); and (iii) development program of the DEKA field (Eni’s
interest 50%) and the Emry Deep discovery (Eni’s interest 76%).
In 2013, Eni was awarded the operatorship and a 100% interest in an exploration block in deep waters in the
Eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Exploration activities yielded positive results in the:
(i) Meleiha development lease with three near field oil and
gas discoveries and the Rosa North-1X oil discovery,
where the drilling activities are underway. Development
activities plan to leverage on the existing production
facilities; and (ii) two near field oil discoveries in the
Belayim concession.
Libya. Eni started operations in Libya in 1959.
the Country. It
Throughout the course of 2013, Eni’s production
performance in Libya was negatively impacted due to
force majeure events reflecting ongoing instability in the
socio-political context of
is worth
mentioning that Eni is currently engaged in the recovery
of the full production plateau at its producing assets in the
Country, following the internal conflict of 2011 that
forced the Company to shut down almost all its producing
facilities including gas exports for a period of about 8
months with a material impact on production volumes and
operating results of that year. Due to the complexity of the
transition period which
is currently
undergoing, Eni is still in the process of restoring the full
production plateau at its Libyan fields. For the full year
2013 Eni’s facilities in Libya produced a level of 219
KBOE/d, which is lower than the pre-crisis production
plateau of approximately 270 KBOE/d attained in 2010.
For further information on this matter, see “Item 3 – Risk
factors”.
the Country
Production activity is carried out in the Mediterranean Sea near Tripoli and in the Libyan Desert Area and includes
six contract areas. Onshore contract areas are: (i) Area A consisting in the former concession 82 (Eni’s interest 50%);
(ii) Area B, former concessions 100 (Bu Attifel field) and the NC 125 Block (Eni’s interest 50%); (iii) Area E with El
Feel (Elephant) field (Eni’s interest 33.3%); and (iv) Area F with Block 118 (Eni’s interest 50%). Offshore contract
areas are: (i) Area C with the Bouri oil field (Eni’s interest 50%); and (ii) Area D with Blocks NC 41 and NC 169
(onshore) that feed the Western Libyan Gas Project (Eni’s interest 50%).
In the exploration phase, Eni is operator of four onshore blocks in the Kufra area (186/1, 2, 3 & 4) and in the
onshore contract Areas A, B and offshore Area D.
Exploration and production activities in Libya are regulated by six Exploration and Production Sharing
Agreements (EPSA). The licenses of Eni’s assets in Libya expire in 2042 and 2047 for oil and gas properties,
respectively.
Tunisia. Eni has been present in Tunisia since 1961. In 2013, Eni’s production amounted to 13 KBOE/d. Eni’s
activities are located mainly in the Southern Desert Areas and in the Mediterranean offshore facing Hammamet.
Exploration and production in this Country are regulated by concessions.
Production mainly comes from operated Maamoura and Baraka offshore Blocks (Eni’s interest 49%) and the
Adam (Eni operator with a 25% interest), Oued Zar (Eni operator with a 50% interest), Djebel Grouz (Eni operator with
a 50% interest), MLD (Eni’s interest 50%) and El Borma (Eni’s interest 50%) onshore blocks.
Production optimization represents the main activity currently performed in the above listed concessions to
mitigate the natural field production decline.
Sub-Saharan Africa
Eni’s operations in Sub-Saharan Africa are conducted mainly in Angola, Congo, Mozambique and Nigeria. In
2013, Sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 20% of Eni’s total worldwide production of oil and natural gas.
50
Angola. Eni has been present in Angola since 1980. In
2013, Eni’s production averaged 80 KBOE/d. Eni’s
activities are concentrated in the conventional and deep
offshore.
The main producing blocks with Eni’s participation
are: (i) Block 0 in Cabinda (Eni’s interest 9.8%) North of
the Angolan coast; (ii) Development Areas in the former
Block 3 (Eni’s interest 12%) in the offshore of the Congo
Basin; (iii) Development Areas in the Block 14 (Eni’s
interest 20%) in the deep offshore west of Block 0;
(iv) Development Areas in the former Block 15 (Eni’s
interest 20%) in the deep offshore of the Congo Basin; and
(v) Block 15/06 (Eni operator with a 35% interest) with
ongoing development activities.
Eni
retains
interests
in other non producing
concessions, particularly the Lianzi Development Area
(Block 14K/A IMI Unit Area - Eni’s interest 10%), Block
35/11 (Eni operator with a 30% interest) and in Block
3/05-A (Eni’s interest 12%), onshore Cabinda North (Eni’s
interest 15%) and the Open Areas of Block 2 awarded to the
Gas Project (Eni’s interest 20%).
Exploration and production activities in Angola are
regulated by concessions and PSAs.
In 2013, the East Hub project was sanctioned in the
Block 15/06. The development program includes the
drilling of submarine wells that were linked to an FPSO
with a capacity of 80 KBOE/d. Peak production of 55
KBOE/d is expected in 2017. Development activities
progressed at the West Hub project, with start-up expected
at the end of 2014.
In the Block 0, the development activities of the Mafumeira field included the installation of production and
treatment platforms and underwater linkage. Start-up is expected by the end of 2015. In the Block 14 KA/IMI, the
development activities progressed at the Lianzi field by means of the linkage to the existing production facilities. The
second phase of Kizomba satellites in the Development Area of former Block 15 progressed as planned activities. The
project provides to put into production three additional discoveries that will be linked to the existing FPSO. Start-up is
expected at the end of 2015.
Eni holds a 13.6% interest in the Angola LNG Ltd (A-LNG) consortium responsible for the construction of an
LNG plant with a processing capacity of approximately 1.1 BCF/d of natural gas, producing 5.2 mmtonnes/y of LNG
and over 50 KBBL/d of condensates and LPG. It envisages the development of 10,594 BCF of gas in 30 years. The
LNG plant started up and delivered its first cargo in June 2013.
In addition, Eni is part of the Gas Project, a second gas consortium with the Angolan National Company and other
partners that will explore further potential gas discoveries to support the feasibility of a second LNG train or other
marketing projects to monetize gas and associated liquids.
Exploration activities yielded positive results in the Block 15/06 with the oil Vandumbu 1 discovery.
In the medium term, management expects to increase Eni’s production to approximately 116 KBBL/d reflecting
additions from ongoing development projects.
Congo. Eni has been present in Congo since 1968. In 2013, production averaged 107 KBOE/d net to Eni. Eni’s
activities are concentrated in the conventional and deep offshore facing Pointe-Noire and onshore.
Eni’s main operated oil producing interests in Congo are the Zatchi (Eni’s interest 65%), Loango (Eni’s interest
50%), Ikalou (Eni’s interest 100%), Djambala, Foukanda and Mwafi (Eni’s interest 35%), Kitina (Eni’s interest 65%),
Awa Paloukou (Eni’s interest 90%), M’Boundi (Eni’s interest 83%), Kouakouala (Eni’s interest 75%), Zingali and
Loufika (Eni’s interest 85%) fields.
Other relevant producing areas are a 35% interest in the Pointe-Noire Grand Fond, PEX and Likouala permits.
51
In the exploration phase, Eni also holds interests in
the Marine XII offshore permit (Eni operator with a 65%
interest).
In 2013, Eni acquired the operatorship of Ngolo
exploration block, which is part of the Cuvette Basin, in
the joint venture with the Congolese state company
Société Nationale des Pétroles du Congo (SNPC).
Exploration activities will take place over a period of 10
years.
During the year, Eni redefined with the relevant
authorities the extension of Madingo, Marine VI and
Marine VII exploration permits, with the aligning of
expiring date within the period 2034-2039, the dilution of
Eni’s stake and an acquisition interest in new high
potential area. The approval of the relevant authorities is
in progress.
Exploration and production activities in Congo are
regulated by production sharing agreements.
Activities on the M’Boundi field moved forward
with the application of Eni advanced recovery techniques
and a design to monetize associated gas. Gas is sold under
long-term contracts to power plants in the area including
the CEC - Centrale Electrique du Congo (Eni’s interest
20%) with a 300 MW generation capacity. These
facilities will also receive in the future gas from the
offshore discoveries of the Marine XII permit. In 2013,
M’Boundi contractual supplies were approximately 106
mmCF/d (approximately 17 KBOE/d net to Eni).
Development program progressed at the Litchendjili
sanctioned project in the Block Marine XII. The project
provides for the installation of a production platform, the construction of transport facilities and of an onshore treatment
plant. The start-up is expected by the end of 2015, with a production plateau of approximately 12 KBOE/d net to Eni.
Production will also feed the CEC power station.
Exploration activities yielded positive results in the offshore Block Marine XII with the oil and gas discovery and
the appraisal of the Nené Marine field and with the appraisal of gas and condensates Litchendjili discovery.
In the medium term, management expects to increase Eni’s production in Congo, with a level of 113 KBOE/d in
2017.
Ghana. Eni has been present in Ghana since 2009 and currently is the operator of the Offshore Cape Three Points
(Eni’s interest 47.22%) and Offshore Keta Contract Area (Eni’s interest 35%) exploration permits.
Exploration activities yielded positive results with the Sankofa East-2A appraisal well, in the Offshore Cape Three
Points license. The appraisal program of the oil and gas discoveries was concluded in mid 2013 and negotiations with
the local authorities started to move to the Development phase. The start-up of the project is expected by the end of
2016.
Mozambique. Eni has been present in Mozambique since 2006, following the acquisition of the Area 4 Block
located in the offshore Rovuma Basin. The exploration period expires in 2015, and a 30-year duration is awarded in
respect of any approved Development and Production Area.
In 2011, Eni made the important gas discovery of Mamba.
On July 26, 2013, Eni concluded the sale of a 28.57% interest in Eni East Africa (EEA) to China National
Petroleum Corp (CNPC). EEA retains a 70% interest in the Area 4 mineral property, located offshore of Mozambique.
CNPC indirectly acquires, through its equity investment in Eni East Africa, a 20% interest in Area 4, while Eni retains
operatorship and a 50% interest through the remaining stake. The total consideration was equal to ! 3,386 million, with a
gain of equivalent amount recorded in profit and loss (! 3,359 million, ! 2,994 million net of tax charges).
52
The exploration campaign of the year regarded the appraisal of the Mamba and Coral discoveries and a new
prospect in the Southern section of Area 4, where in September 2013 Eni made the Agulha discovery. Based on ongoing
studies management considers that this exploration area contains a large amount of gas resources.
Nigeria. Eni has been present in Nigeria since 1962. In 2013, Eni’s oil and gas production averaged 120 KBOE/d
located mainly onshore and offshore the Niger Delta.
In the development/production phase Eni operates onshore Oil Mining Leases (OML) 60, 61, 62 and 63 (Eni’s
interest 20%); and offshore OML 125 (Eni’s interest 85%) and OPL 245 (Eni’s interest 50%), holding interests in OML
118 (Eni’s interest 12.5%) and in OML 119 and 116 Service Contracts. As partners of SPDC JV, the largest joint
venture in the Country, Eni also holds a 5% interest in 22 onshore blocks and a 12.86% interest in 5 conventional
offshore blocks.
In the exploration phase Eni operates offshore OML 134 (Eni’s interest 85%), OPL 2009 (Eni’s interest 49%); and
onshore OPL 282 (Eni’s interest 90%) and OPL 135 (Eni’s interest 48%). Eni also holds a 12.5% interest in OML 135.
Exploration and production activities in Nigeria are regulated mainly by production sharing agreements and
concession contracts as well as service contracts, in two blocks, where Eni acts as contractor for state-owned company.
In the OML 125 Block, the Abo - Phase 3 project was started up, with production of approximately 5 KBOE/d net
to Eni.
Main activities progressed to support gas production to feed the Bonny liquefaction plant in the OML 28 Block
(Eni’s interest 5%), within the integrated oil and natural gas project in the Gbaran-Ubie Area, the drilling campaign was
completed. The development plan provides for the construction of a Central Processing Facility (CPF) with a treatment
capacity of approximately 1 BCF/d of gas and 120 KBBL/d of liquids. Further development phases are planned to put
in production the residual mineral potential in the area.
Other activity during the year concerned: (i) the Forkados-Yokri field (Eni’s interest 5%). The project includes the
drilling of 24 producing wells, the upgrading of existing flowstations and the construction of transport facilities; and
53
(ii) Bonga NW field in the OML 118 Block. The activities include the drilling and completion of producing and
infilling wells.
Eni holds a 10.4% interest in the Nigeria LNG Ltd which runs the Bonny liquefaction plant, located in the Eastern
Niger Delta. The plant has a design treatment capacity of approximately 1,236 BCF/y of feed gas corresponding to a
production of 22 mmtonnes/y of LNG on six trains. The seventh unit is being engineered as it is in the planning phase.
When fully operational, total capacity will amount to approximately 30 mmtonnes/y of LNG, corresponding to a
feedstock of approximately 1,624 BCF/y. Natural gas supplies to the plant are provided under gas supply agreements
with a 20-year term from the SPDC joint venture (Eni’s interest 5%) and the NAOC JV, the latter operating the OMLs
60, 61, 62 and 63 Blocks with an overall amount of 2,825 mmCF/d (268 mmCF/d net to Eni corresponding to
approximately 49 KBOE/d). LNG production is sold under long-term contracts and exported to European and American
markets by the Bonny Gas Transport fleet, wholly owned by Nigeria LNG Co.
Eni holds a 17% interest in Brass LNG Ltd Co for the construction of a natural gas liquefaction plant to be built
near the existing Brass terminal, 100 kilometers west of Bonny. This plant is expected to start with a production
capacity of 10 mmtonnes/y of LNG corresponding to 590 BCF/y (approximately 45 net to Eni) of feed gas on two trains
for twenty years. Supply to this plant will derive from the collection of associated gas from nearby producing fields and
from the development of gas reserves in the onshore OMLs 60 and 61.
In the medium term, management expects to increase Eni’s production in Nigeria to approximately 160 KBOE/d,
reflecting the development of gas reserves.
Kazakhstan
Eni has been present in Kazakhstan since 1992. Eni is co-operator of the Karachaganak field and partner in the
North Caspian Sea Production Sharing Agreement (NCSPSA). In 2013, Eni’s operations in Kazakhstan accounted for
6% of its total worldwide production of oil and natural gas.
Kashagan. Eni holds a 16.81% working interest in the North Caspian Sea Production Sharing Agreement. The
NCSPSA defines terms and conditions for the exploration and development of the Kashagan field which was
discovered in the Northern section of the contractual area in the year 2000 over an undeveloped area extending for
4,600 square kilometers. Management believes this field contains a large amount of hydrocarbon resources which will
eventually be developed in phases. The NCSPSA will expire at the end of 2041.
The participating interest in the NCSPSA has been redefined, effective as of January 1, 2008, in line with an
agreement signed in October 2008 with Kazakh Authorities which proportionally diluted the participating interest of the
international companies by transferring a 10% stake in the project to the Kazakh national oil company, KazMunaiGas.
In addition to Eni, the partners of the Consortium are the Kazakh national oil company, KazMunaiGas, with a
participating interest of 16.88%, the international oil companies Total, Shell and ExxonMobil, each with a participating
interest currently of 16.81%, CNCP with 8.33%, and Inpex with 7.56%.
The exploration and development activities of the Kashagan field and the other discoveries made in the contractual
area are executed through an operating model which entails an increased role of the Kazakh partner and defines the
international parties’ responsibilities in executing the subsequent development phases of the project once they are
sanctioned. The North Caspian Operating Co (NCOC) BV, participated by the seven partners of the consortium has
taken over the operatorship of the project. Subsequently development, drilling and production activities have been
delegated by NCOC BV to the main partners of the Consortium: Eni has retained the responsibility for the development
of Phase 1 of the project (the so-called “Experimental Program”) and, when sanctioned, the onshore part of Phase 2.
On May 23, 2012, the Consortium partners and the Authority of the Republic of Kazakhstan signed an agreement
to amend the sanctioned development plan at the Experimental Program of the Kashagan field (Amendment 4) which
included an update to the project schedule, a revision of investment estimates and a settlement agreement of all pending
claims relating to recoverable costs and other tax matters. The amendment also included a commercial framework to
supply a share of the natural gas produced from Kashagan to the domestic market and an agreement whereby the
international partners of the Consortium shall finance the share of project cost to be borne by the Kazakh KMG partner,
in excess to the amounts sanctioned in the original budget costs (Amendment 3).
On September 11, 2013, following the completion, test and delivery of all infrastructures, the first oil from the
giant Kashagan field was produced.
From October 2013, production has been halted due to a technical issue that occurred to the pipeline transporting
acid gas from offshore to onshore facilities, without any impact on the environment and local communities. Recovery
activities are ongoing. Management believes that from 2015 field production will recover to the originally expected
level and the field contribution to Eni’s production profile for the year 2014 has been prudently assumed to be marginal.
54
The Phase 1 (Experimental Program) is targeting an initial production capacity of 150 KBBL/d; when the second
treatment train and compression facilities for gas re-injection will be completed and put online enabling to increase the
production capacity up to 370 KBBL/d. The partners are planning to further increase available production capacity up
to 450 KBBL/d by installing additional gas compression capacity for re-injection in the reservoir. The partners
submitted the scheme of this additional phase to the relevant Kazakh Authorities.
In 2013, Eni submitted the development program of the Western section of the nearby Kalamkas discovery to the
authorities. Sanction is expected in 2014 to start up with the FEED phase.
Management believes that significant capital expenditures will be required in case the partners of the venture
would sanction a second development phase and possibly other additional phases. Eni will fund those investments in
proportion to its participating interest of 16.81%. However, taking into account that future development expenditures
will be incurred over a long time horizon and subsequent to the production start-up, management does not expect any
material impact on the Company’s liquidity or its ability to fund these capital expenditures. In addition to the
expenditures for developing the field, further capital expenditures will be required to build the infrastructures needed for
exporting the production to international markets.
As of December 31, 2013, Eni’s proved reserves booked for the Kashagan field amounted to 565 mmBOE, barely
unchanged from 2012.
As of December 31, 2012, Eni’s proved reserves booked at the Kashagan field amounted to 568 mmBOE,
recording an increase compared to 2011 reflecting the settlement agreement signed with Kazakh Authority whereby Eni
will be able to produce and market volumes of natural gas from Kashagan.
As of December 31, 2011, Eni’s proved reserves booked for the Kashagan field amounted to 449 mmBOE,
recording a decrease of 120 mmBOE compared to 2010 mainly due to a higher Brent marker price and downward
revisions.
As of December 31, 2013, the aggregate costs incurred by Eni for the Kashagan project capitalized in the financial
statements amounted to $8.2 billion (! 5.9 billion at the EUR/USD exchange rate of December 31, 2013). This
capitalized amount included: (i) $6.1 billion relating to expenditure incurred by Eni for the development of the oilfield;
and (ii) $2.1 billion relating primarily to accrue finance charges and expenditures for the acquisition of interests in the
North Caspian Sea PSA Consortium from exiting partners upon exercise of pre-emption rights in previous years.
As of December 31, 2012, the aggregate costs incurred by Eni for the Kashagan project capitalized in the financial
statements amounted to $7.5 billion (! 5.7 billion at the EUR/USD exchange rate of December 31, 2012). This
capitalized amount included: (i) $5.7 billion relating to
expenditure incurred by Eni for the development of the
oilfield; and (ii) $1.8 billion relating primarily to accrue
finance charges and expenditures for the acquisition of
interests in the North Caspian Sea PSA Consortium from
exiting partners upon exercise of pre-emption rights in
previous years.
Karachaganak. Located onshore in West Kazakhstan,
Karachaganak is a liquid and gas field. Operations are
conducted by
the Karachaganak Petroleum Operating
consortium (KPO) and are regulated by a PSA lasting 40
years, until 2037. Eni and British Gas are co-operators of the
venture. On June 28, 2012, the international Contracting
Companies of the Final Production Sharing Agreement of
the giant Karachaganak gas-condensate field and
the
Republic of Kazakhstan closed a settlement agreement of all
pending claims relating to the recovery of costs incurred to
develop the field and certain tax matters. Eni’s interest in the
Karachaganak project is 29.25%.
In 2013, production of the Karachaganak field averaged
250 KBBL/d of liquids (61 net to Eni) and 865 mmCF/d of
natural gas (195 net to Eni). This field is developed by
producing liquids from the deeper layers of the reservoir and
layers.
re-injecting
Approximately 90% of liquid production are stabilized at
the Karachaganak Processing Complex (KPC) with a
capacity of approximately 250 KBBL/d and exported to
Western markets through the Caspian Pipeline Consortium
the associated gas
the higher
in
55
(Eni’s interest 2%) and the Atyrau-Samara pipeline. The remaining volumes of non-stabilized liquid production and
associated raw gas not re-injected in the reservoir are marketed at the Russian terminal in Orenburg.
The expansion project of the Karachaganak field is currently under study. The project is aimed for a further
developing gas and condensates reserves by means of the installation, in stages, of gas treatment plants and re-injection
facilities to support liquids production plateau and increase gas sales. The development plan is currently in the phase of
technical and marketing discussion to be presented to the relevant authorities, with FEED expected in 2014.
As of December 31, 2013, Eni’s proved reserves booked for the Karachaganak field amounted to 470 mmBOE,
barely unchanged from 2012.
As of December 31, 2012, Eni’s proved reserves booked for the Karachaganak field amounted to 473 mmBOE,
reporting a slightly decrease from 2011 deriving mainly from the divestment of Eni’s stake in the project, partly offset
by upwards revisions.
As of December 31, 2011, Eni’s proved reserves booked for the Karachaganak field amounted to 500 mmBOE
based on a 32.5% working interest, corresponding to the pre-divestment share. The 57 mmBOE decrease derives from
the price effect and production of the year in part compensated for upwards revisions.
Rest of Asia
In 2013, Eni’s operations in the rest of Asia accounted for 9% of its total worldwide production of oil and natural
gas.
China. Eni has been present in China since 1984 with activities located in the South China Sea. In 2013, Eni’s
production amounted to 7 KBOE/d.
Exploration and production activities in China are regulated by production sharing agreements.
In March 2013, Eni and CNPC signed a joint study agreement for the development of shale gas resources in the
Rongchangbei Block which covers an area of approximately 2,000 square kilometers, located in the Sichuan Basin.
In 2013, hydrocarbons were produced from the
offshore Blocks 16/08 and 16/19 through eight platforms
connected to an FPSO. Natural gas production from the
HZ21-1 field was delivered through a sealine to the Zhuhai
Terminal and sold to the Chinese National Oil Co CNOOC.
Oil was mainly produced from the HZ25-4 field (Eni’s
interest 49%). Activity was operated by the CACT-
Operating Group (Eni’s interest 16.33%). In December
2013, the Block 16/08 PSC is expired.
India. Eni has been present in India since 2005 and its
activities are located in the offshore Cauvery Basin near the
South-Eastern coast. In 2013, Eni’s production amounted to
1 KBOE/d.
Production mainly comes from the PY-1 gas field
which is operated by Eni’s subsidiary Hindustan Oil
Exploration Co Ltd (Eni’s interest 47.18%). Gas production
is sold to the National oil company.
Indonesia. Eni has been present in Indonesia since
2001. In 2013, Eni’s production mainly composed of gas,
amounted to 13 KBOE/d. Activities are concentrated in the
Eastern offshore and onshore of East Kalimantan, offshore
Sumatra, and offshore and onshore of West Timor and
West Papua; in total, Eni holds interests in 13 blocks.
Exploration and production activities in Indonesia are
regulated by PSAs.
Development activities progressed at the operated
Jangkrik (Eni’s interest 55%) and Jau (Eni’s interest 85%)
offshore fields. The Jangkrik project includes linkage of
production wells to a Floating Production Unit for gas and
56
condensate treatment and the construction of a transportation facility to the Bontang liquefaction plant. Start-up is
expected in 2017 with a production peak of 80 KBOE/d (42 KBOE/d net to Eni) in 2018. The Jau project provides for
the drilling of production wells and the linkage to onshore plants via pipeline. Start-up is expected in 2017.
Development activities are underway at the Indonesia Deepwater Development project (Eni’s interest 20%),
located in the East Kalimantan, to ensure gas supplies to the Bontang plant. The project initially provides for the linkage
of the Bangka field to existing facilities, with start-up expected in 2016. Then the project also provides for the
integrated development of the first Hub including the Gendalo, Gandang, Maha fields and the second Hub of the Gehem
field. Start-up is expected in 2018.
Iran. Eni has been operating in Iran for several years under four Service Contracts (South Pars, Darquain, Dorood
and Balal, these latter two projects being operated by another international oil company) entered into with the National
Iranian Oil Co (NIOC) between 1999 and 2001, and no
other exploration and development contracts have been
entered into since then. All above mentioned projects
have been completed or substantially completed; the last
one, the Darquain project, is being handed over to NIOC.
Operatorship had already been transferred to a NIOC
affiliate in 2010. When the final hand over of operations
will be completed, Eni’s involvements will essentially
consist of being reimbursed for its past investments. In
2013, Eni’s contractual reimbursements were equivalent
to a production of 4 KBOE/d, lower than 1% of the
Group’s worldwide production. Eni does not believe that
its activities in Iran have a material impact on the
Group’s results. See “Item 3 – Risk factors – Political
considerations – Iran” for a full discussion of risks
involved by our presence in Iran.
Iraq. Eni has been present in Iraq since 2009. Eni,
leading a consortium of partners including international
companies and the national oil company Missan Oil,
holds 41.6% interests in Zubair oilfield.
Development and production activities in Iraq are
regulated by Technical Service Contract. This
an oil entitlement
contractual
mechanism and associated risk profile similar to those
applicable in production sharing contracts.
term establishes
In July 2013, Eni signed with the national oil
company South Oil Co and the Iraqi Ministry of Oil an
amendment to the Technical Service Contract for the
development of the Zubair oilfield. The agreement
includes a new target plateau at 850 KBBL/d and
extends an expiring date of service contract for an
additional five years, until 2035.
In 2013, production of the Zubair field averaged
306 KBBL/d (22 KBBL/d net to Eni).
Pakistan. Eni has been present in Pakistan since
2000. In 2013, Eni’s production mainly composed of
gas amounted to 50 KBOE/d.
57
Exploration and production activities in Pakistan are regulated by concessions (onshore) and PSAs (offshore).
Eni’s main permits in the Country are Bhit/Bhadra (Eni operator with a 40% interest), Sawan (Eni’s interest
23.68%) and Zamzama (Eni’s interest 17.75%), which in 2013 accounted for 75% of Eni’s production in Pakistan.
Exploration activities yielded positive results with the onshore gas discovery of Lundali 1 in the Sukhpur
concession (Eni operator with a 45% interest) and with the gas discovery of Bhadra North-2.
Russia. Eni sold to Llc Yamal Development (joint
venture of JSC Novatek and JSC Gazprom Neft) its 60%
interest in Artic Russia. Artic Russia owns a 49% stake of
Severenergia, which holds four licenses for the exploration
and production of hydrocarbons in the Region of Yamal
Nenets (Siberia), among which in particular the on-stream
field of Samburgskoye, Eni’s first development in the
Russian upstream, with a production of 29 KBOE/d in
2013. The consideration for the disposal, equal to ! 2.16
billion ($2,940 million), was cashed in on January 15,
2014.
In June 2013, Eni and Rosneft signed the completion
deed relating to the agreements for the joint development
of exploration activities in the Russian Barents Sea
(Fedynsky and Central Barents licenses, Eni’s interest
33.33%) and in the Black Sea (Western Chernomorsky
license, Eni’s interest 33.33%).
started
Turkmenistan. Eni
in
Turkmenistan with the purchase of the British company
Burren Energy plc in 2008. Activities are focused in the
Western part of the Country. In 2013, Eni’s production
averaged 9 KBOE/d.
activities
its
Exploration and production activities in Turkmenistan
are regulated by PSAs.
Eni is operator of the Nebit Dag producing Block
(with a 100% interest). Production derives mainly from the
Burun oilfield. Oil production is shipped to the Turkmenbashi refinery plant. Eni receives, by means of a swap with the
Turkmen Authorities, an equivalent amount of oil at the Okarem terminal, close to the South coast of the Caspian Sea.
Eni’s entitlement is sold FOB. Associated natural gas is used for own consumption and gas lift system. The remaining
amount is delivered to Turkmenneft, via national grid.
Vietnam. Eni has been present in Vietnam since June 2012 actually with the operatorship of three exploration
Blocks 105-110/04, 114 and 120 (Eni’s interest 50%), located offshore Vietnam, in the Song Hong and Phu Khanh
Area.
In January 2013, Eni and the Vietnamese national oil company PetroVietnam signed a Memorandum of
Understanding for the development of business opportunities in Vietnam and abroad.
In February 2013, Eni signed an agreement with PetroVietnam, for the joint evaluation of unconventional
resources in the Country.
Americas
In 2013, Eni’s operations in Americas area accounted for 7% of its total worldwide production of oil and natural
gas.
Ecuador. Eni has been present in Ecuador since 1988. Operations are performed in Block 10 (Eni’s interest 100%)
located in the Oriente Basin, in the Amazon forest. In 2013, Eni’s production averaged 13 KBBL/d.
Exploration and production activities in Ecuador are regulated by a service contract, due to expire in 2023.
Production deriving solely from the Villano field is processed by means of a Central Production Facility and
transported via a pipeline network to the Pacific coast.
58
Trinidad and Tobago. Eni has been present in Trinidad and Tobago since 1970. In 2013, Eni’s production
averaged 59 mmCF/d and its activity is concentrated offshore North of Trinidad.
Exploration and production activities in Trinidad and Tobago are regulated by PSAs.
Production is provided by the Chaconia, Ixora, Hibiscus, Ponsettia, Bougainvillea and Heliconia gas fields in the
North Coast Marine Area 1 Block (Eni’s interest 17.3%). Production is supported by two fixed platforms linked to the
Hibiscus processing facility. Natural gas is used to feed trains 2, 3 and 4 of the Atlantic LNG liquefaction plant on
Trinidad’s coast and sold under long-term contracts. LNG production is mainly sold in the United States. Additional
cargoes are sent to alternative destinations on a spot basis.
United States. Eni has been present in the United States since 1968. Activities are performed in the conventional
and deep offshore in the Gulf of Mexico, onshore and offshore in Alaska, and more recently in Texas onshore.
In 2013, Eni’s oil and gas production mainly derived from the Gulf of Mexico with an average of 80 KBOE/d.
Exploration and production activities in the United States are regulated by concessions.
Eni holds interests in 228 exploration and production blocks in the Gulf of Mexico of which 139 are operated by
Eni.
The main fields operated by Eni are Allegheny, Appaloosa and Morpeth (Eni’s interest 100%), Longhorn-Leo,
Devils Towers and Triton (Eni’s interest 75%) as well as Pegasus (Eni’s interest 58%). Eni also holds interests in the
Medusa (Eni’s interest 25%), Europa (Eni’s interest 32%) and Thunder Hawk (Eni’s interest 25%) fields.
In order to achieve the highest security standards of operations, Eni entered the HWCG Consortium of Gulf of
Mexico operators. The HWGC provides resources, coordination and performs certain activities associated with
underwater containment of erupting wells, evacuation of hydrocarbon on the sea surface, storage and transport to the
coastline. For further information on this matter see “Item 3 – Risk factors”.
59
In March 2013, Eni was the highest bidder in five offshore exploration blocks located in the Mississippi Canyon
and Desoto Canyon areas within the Central Gulf of Mexico Lease Sale 227. Relevant authorities approved the bid of
one of five blocks.
In November 2013, Eni signed an agreement with the American company Quicksilver, for explorating and
developing an area with unconventional oil reservoirs (shale oil), onshore the United States. Eni is expected to acquire a
50% interest in the Leon Valley area (West Texas). The work plan provides for the drilling of up to five exploration
wells, aiming at determining the hydrocarbon potential of the area and the subsequent development plan. Eni will invest
up to $52 million, for the completion of the project’s exploration activities. The agreement also establishes that Eni will
obtain 50% of another area located in the Leon Valley, without additional costs.
Phase 1 of the development plan was sanctioned at the Heidelberg field (Eni’s interest 12.5%) in the deep offshore
of the Gulf of Mexico. The project provides for the drilling of 5 producing wells and the installation of a producing
platform. Start-up is expected at the end of 2016 with a production of approximately 9 KBOE/d net to Eni.
Development activities in the Gulf of Mexico mainly concerned: (i) drilling and completion activities at the
Hadrian South (Eni’s interest 30%), Lucius/Hadrian North (Eni’s interest 5.4%) and St. Malo (Eni’s interest 1.25%)
fields; (ii) infilling activities at the producing operated Appaloosa (Eni’s interest 100%), Longhorn (Eni’s interest 75%),
Pegasus (Eni’s interest 58%) fields and at the non-operated Front Runner field (Eni’s interest 37.5%); and
(iii) maintenance of the pipeline linking to the Corral production platform.
Eni holds interests in 102 exploration and development blocks in Alaska, with interests ranging from 10 to 100%
and for 49 of these blocks, Eni is the operator.
The main fields are Nikaitchuq (Eni operator with a 100% interest) and Oooguruk (Eni’s interest 30%) with an
overall production of approximately 12 KBBL/d net to Eni in 2013.
Development activities mainly concerned drilling activities at the Nikaitchuq and Oooguruk fields.
Venezuela. Eni has been present in Venezuela since 1998. In 2013, Eni’s production averaged 10 KBBL/d.
Activity is concentrated in the Gulf of Venezuela, in the Gulfo de Paria and onshore in the Orinoco Oil Belt.
Exploration and production of oilfields are regulated by the terms of the so-called Empresa Mixta. Under the new
legal framework, only a company incorporated under the law of Venezuela is entitled to conduct petroleum operations.
A stake of at least 60% in the capital of such company is held by an affiliate of the Venezuela state oil company,
PDVSA, preferably Corporación Venezuelana de Petróleo (CVP).
In March 2013, production (accelerated early production) started up at the Junin 5 field (Eni’s interest 40%),
located in the Orinoco oil belt and containing 35 BBBL of certified heavy oil in place. Early production of the first
phase is expected to reach a plateau of 75 KBBL/d by the end of 2015, targeting a long-term production plateau of 240
KBBL/d. The project provides for the construction of a refinery with a capacity of approximately 350 KBBL/d. Eni
agreed to finance part of PDVSA’s development costs for the early production phase and engineering activity of
refinery plant up to $1.74 billion. Drilling activities and installation of the transport and treatment facilities are ongoing.
The sanctioned development plan progressed at the Perla gas discovery, located in the Cardon IV Block (Eni’s
interest 50%), in the Gulf of Venezuela. PDVSA exercised its 35% back-in right. Eni will retain the 32.5% joint
controlled interest in the company, at the execution of the transfer stake. The early production phase includes the
utilization of the existing discovery/appraisal wells and the installation of production platforms linked by pipelines to
the onshore treatment plant. Target production of approximately 450 mmCF/d is expected in 2015. The development
program will continue with the drilling of additional wells and the upgrading of treatment facilities to reach a
production plateau of approximately 1,200 mmCF/d.
Eni also holds a stake in the Corocoro field (Eni’s interest 26%), in the Gulfo de Paria, with a production of 37
KBOE/d in 2013.
Eni is also participating with a 19.5% interest in the Gulfo de Paria Centrale offshore oil exploration block, where
the Punta Sur oil discovery is located and with a 40% interest in Punta Pescador and Gulfo de Paria Ovest.
Australia and Oceania
Eni’s operations in Australia and Oceania area are conducted mainly in Australia. In 2013, the area of Australia
and Oceania accounted for 2% of Eni’s total worldwide production of oil and natural gas.
Australia. Eni has been present in Australia since 2001. In 2013, Eni’s production of oil and natural gas averaged
29 KBOE/d. Activities are focused on conventional and deep offshore fields.
60
Exploration and production activities in Australia are regulated by concession agreements, whereas in the
cooperation zone between Timor Leste and Australia (Joint Petroleum Development Area - JPDA) they are regulated by
PSAs.
The main production blocks in which Eni holds interests are WA-33-L (Eni’s interest 100%), JPDA 03-13 (Eni’s
interest 10.99%) and JPDA 06-105 (Eni operator with a 40% interest). In the appraisal and development phase Eni
holds interests in NT/P68 (Eni’s interest 50%) and NT/P48 (Eni’s interest 32.5%). In addition, Eni holds interest in 7
exploration licenses, of which 1 in the JPDA.
Exploration activities yielded positive results in the NT/P48 permit located in the Timor Sea, with the Evans Shoal
North-1 discovery.
Capital expenditures
See “Item 5 – Liquidity and capital resources – Capital expenditures by segment”.
Disclosure pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act
The Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (ITRA) created a new subsection (r) in Section 13
of the Exchange Act which requires a reporting issuer to provide disclosure if the issuer or any of its affiliates engaged
in certain enumerated activities relating to Iran, including activities involving the Government of Iran. Disclosure
responsive to this requirement is presented under “Item 3 – Political considerations – Risks associated with our presence
in sanction targets” and below in this section.
In accordance with our general business principles and Code of Ethics, Eni seeks to comply with all applicable
international trade laws including applicable sanctions and embargoes.
The activities referred to below have been conducted outside the U.S. by non-U.S. Eni subsidiaries. For purposes
of the disclosure below, amounts have been converted into U.S. dollars at the average or spot exchange rate, as
appropriate. We do not believe that any of the transactions or activities listed below violated U.S. sanctions also
considering the waiver that we were granted by relevant U.S. Authorities, including the U.S. Department of State, in
relation to certain Iran-related activities. For more information please refer to “Item 3 – Risk factors – Political
considerations – Risks associated with our presence in sanction targets”.
As described in more detail under “Item 3 – Risk factors – Political considerations – Risks associated with our
presence in sanction targets”, in 2013, Eni carried out support activities and services in respect of certain oil fields in
Iran pursuant to certain legacy Service Contracts. Eni’s operating expenses pursuant to those contracts in 2013
amounted to approximately $2 million. In addition, in connection with its remaining Iranian operations, in 2013 Eni
paid approximately $4 million for social security, withholding tax, corporate tax and rental tax.
In 2013, Eni’s production in Iran averaged 4 KBOE/d, representing less than 1% of the Eni’s total production for
the year. We booked revenues of $130 million in 2013 in connection with our share of equity production and we
reported a net profit of $26 million at our Iranian operations. As of the balance sheet date Eni had outstanding trade
receivables amounting to $323 million towards Iranian oil national companies which were recorded in connection with
revenues recognized in 2013 and in previous reporting periods. In 2013, we collected cash payments for a total of $74
million. Those revenues and trade receivables related to the recovery of the costs incurred by Eni in its performance of
petroleum projects, mainly pertaining to the ongoing Darquain project as disclosed under “Item 3 – Risk factors –
Political considerations – Risks associated with our presence in sanction targets”. We had no payables towards Iranian
national oil companies as of the balance sheet date. We had a payable amounting to $27 million relating to health and
social security insurance due to the Iranian Social Security Organization, which will be settled upon termination of our
oil projects.
Eni Exploration & Production projects in Iran are currently in the cost recovery phase. Therefore, Eni has ceased
making any further investment in the country and is not planning to make additional capital expenditures in Iran in
future years.
61
Gas & Power
Eni’s Gas & Power segment engages in supply, trading and marketing of gas and electricity, international
transport, and LNG supply and marketing. This segment also includes the activities of electricity generation. In 2013,
Eni’s worldwide sales of natural gas amounted to 93.17 BCM, including 2.61 BCM of gas sales made directly by Eni’s
Exploration & Production segment. Sales in Italy amounted to 35.86 BCM, while sales in European markets were 47.35
BCM that included 4.67 BCM of gas sold to certain importers to Italy.
In 2012, following the divestment of a significant interest in Snam, Eni lost control on activities related to the
transport, re-gasification, storage and distribution of natural gas in Italy.
Marketing of natural gas
The outlook in the European gas sector remains challenging as the current economic downturn will weigh on the
prospects of a solid recovery in gas demand, while we expect strong competitive pressure fuelled by a supply overhang.
Management expects that continuing margin pressures will erode the business’s profitability in 2014 and beyond,
particularly in the Italian market. A weaker-than-anticipated demand growth over the foreseeable future and rising
competitive pressures fuelled by ongoing oversupplies in the European market will reduce sales opportunities and
trigger pricing competition also fuelled by rigidities at long-term supply contracts with take-or-pay clauses. In fact, we
expect that minimum collection obligations in connection with take-or-pay, long-term gas supply contracts and the
necessity to minimize the associated financial exposure will force gas operators to compete more aggressively on
pricing in consideration of lower selling opportunities, with negative effects on selling prices and profitability. Unit
margins are expected to remain under pressure due to depressed spot prices at continental hubs which have become the
contractual benchmark in selling formulas in all of our markets of operations. In addition, as long as the cost of gas
supplies to the Group remains indexed to oil prices, the Company will be exposed to the risk of rising oil prices. In
Italy, we expect that gas margins will continue on a downward trends following the sharp contraction registered in 2013
due to falling spot prices. We expect that a number of negative catalysts will continue to affect on gas selling prices in
Italy including weak demand, an ongoing shift to index selling prices to hub benchmarks at large client segments,
competitive pressure which will be fuelled by the current level of minimum take volumes at Italian operators which are
well above market dimension, and finally the new measures that have been enacted by the Italian market regulator to
cut gas tariffs to residential customers by changing the oil-linked indexation mechanism of the raw material to a new
hub-base indexation. See also the other risk factors described in Item 3. These drivers will substantially reduce spot
prices in the Italian market and negatively impact the profitability at our Italian operations. Against this scenario the
Company set the following priorities: preserve the operating cash flow during the worst phase of the downturn which is
expected to continue well in 2014 and recover the profitability in subsequent years leveraging contract renegotiations, a
renewed focus on those market segment where we expect to be profitable such as in LNG international sales and a
number of measures to streamline our operations, rationalize logistics, improve efficiency and cut costs. The main
driver to recover profitability in the Company’s gas marketing business is the renegotiation of pricing and other
conditions of our supply contracts. In fact, take-or-pay supply contracts include revisions clauses providing for the
periodic renegotiation of key economic terms and other conditions based on ongoing changes in the gas market. As of
December 31, 2013, management has succeeded in renegotiating about 85% of the Company’s long-term portfolio and
achieved a reduction in the purchase costs and an improvement in contractual flexibility targeting to mitigate the
take-or-pay risk. However, management believes that the Company needs to achieve a new round of renegotiation in
order to fully align its purchase costs to the current markets conditions. Early in 2014, we signed a Memorandum of
Understanding with one of our suppliers which we believe to be an important step towards our objective. We believe
that when our supply costs will be aligned to the spot benchmarks quoted in European gas hubs the Company will be
able to return to profitability. The Company intends to boost sales to business clients, including utilities, large industrial
accounts and medium and small enterprises, leveraging the Company’s multiple presence across various markets and
expertise in delivering innovative and tailor-made offering structures to best suit customers’ needs by providing
complex pricing formulas with flexibility on volumes and different ways to manage pricing. The other leg of the
Company’s marketing effort will address retail customers across Europe targeting to enhance the ongoing strong
customer base. The drivers to achieve this will be a strategy of customer retention centered on brand identity, a
distinctive offer and competitive cost to serve; a wide range of sale channels and continuing innovation in processes,
promotion and customer care and post-sale assistance. The international expansion in the LNG business is expected to
continue by boosting the Company’s presence in the more lucrative Far East markets. Finally we plan to achieve costs
reduction by streamlining our operations, rationalizing the logistic activities and improving efficiency in selling and
general departments. Based on the above outlined trends and industrial actions, management believes that profitability
in the Company’s gas marketing business will gradually recover along the plan period, albeit the visibility into future
results of operations is constrained by the ongoing volatility in marketing margins. Our profitability outlook factors in
the expected benefits of ongoing renegotiations at the Company long-term supply contracts, as well as the other risk
factors described in Item 3. For a description of uncertainties and risks associated with this strategy see “Item 3 – Risk
factors” and “Item 5 – Operating and financial review and prospects”.
62
The matters regarding future natural gas demand and sales target discussed in this section and elsewhere herein
are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause the actual results to differ
materially from those in such forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties relating to future natural gas
demand include changes in underlying economic factors, changes in regulation, population growth or shrinkage,
changes in the relative mix of demand for natural gas and its principal competing fuels, and unexpected developments
in the markets for natural gas and its principal competing fuels.
Demand and supply outlook
In 2013, gas demand in Europe continued to fall across Europe (down by 6% in Italy and by 1% on average in
most of the European markets) due to declining consumption in all market segments on the back of the economic
downturn. The power generation segment recorded the steepest fall, hit by an ongoing expansion in the use of
renewable sources and a shift to coal as feedstock for power plants due to cost advantages. Due to the severity of the
contraction in European gas demand and ongoing uncertainties in the macroeconomic outlook, management has revised
down its projections of gas demand over the medium to long term to factor in a number of trends:
•
•
•
•
uncertainties and volatility in the current macroeconomic cycle;
growing adoption of consumption patterns and life-styles characterized by wider sensitivity to energy
efficiency;
EU policies intended to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promoting renewable energy sources,
following prescriptions set by the Climate Change and Renewable Energy package (the so-called PEE
20-20-20). The package includes a commitment to reduce GHG emissions by 20% by 2020 compared to
emission levels recorded in 1990 (the target being 30% if an international agreement is reached), as well as
improved energy efficiency within the EU Member States of 20% by 2020 and a 20% renewable energy target
by 2020. Furthermore, the Energy Roadmap to 2050 set a target of reducing the level of carbon emissions
made in 1990 by 80 to 95%; and
uncertainties about the role of natural gas-fired electricity production.
Management now expects EU demand to remain stable around current levels till 2017 at about 488 BCM, and gas
demand in Italy to remain at the current level of 70-72 BCM. These targets are well below the level of gas consumption
registered in 2008 by approximately 50 and 15 BCM, respectively, which reflects the real demand destruction that has
occurred throughout the downturn.
There might be favorable developments which could support a demand recovery. For example, ongoing changes in
the energy policies of the Euro-zone and other important countries like Japan and Taiwan, also as a result of the nuclear
accident at the Fukushima plant in Japan, could accelerate a recovery in gas consumption. In addition, the fiscal policies
of the EU Member States could affect the composition of the energy mix through the introduction of penalties on the
use of the most inefficient and pollutant sources in energy production. Examples of these trends are a proposed
European directive to enact a carbon tax to be levied on those sectors which do not participate in the ETS mechanism as
well as a proposal to enact certain fiscal adjustments to put a floor to the price of carbon dioxide emissions in the United
Kingdom. On the supply-side, gas availability will remain abundant as large investments to upgrade import pipelines to
Europe have come online from Russia and Algeria. These include the Medgaz pipeline connecting Algeria to the
Iberian Peninsula, the North Stream pipeline connecting Russia to Germany through the Baltic Sea as well as new LNG
facilities. Further 27 BCM of new supplies will be secured by a second line of the North Stream in the next future and
new storage capacity will come online. In Italy, the gas offer will grow moderately in the next future as a new LNG
plant is expected to start operations at Livorno with a 4 BCM treatment capacity and effects are in force of Law Decree
No. 130/2010 concerning storage capacity (see below) which is expected to increase by 4 BCM by 2015. Large
availability of LNG on a worldwide scale has found an outlet at the European continental hubs driving the development
of very liquid spot gas markets driven by the ramp-up of important upstream projects which added an estimated 65
BCM of liquefaction capacity in the 2008-2010 period. Adding to the supply overhang, the discovery and development
of large deposits of shale gas (“the shale gas revolution”) in the United States has progressively reduced the Country’s
dependence on LNG imports. In addition, U.S. Authorities have been releasing authorizations to re-convert idle LNG
re-gasification terminals located along the Gulf of Mexico coastline into liquefaction terminals to improve the export
capacity of gas of the country. Finally we expect that a number of large new upstream projects will fuel new streams of
global LNG supplies beyond the plan period. As a result of those drivers, we expect that current market imbalances in
Europe will continue over the foreseeable future.
Supply of natural gas
In 2013, Eni’s consolidated subsidiaries supplied 85.67 BCM of natural gas, representing a decrease of 1.02 BCM,
or 0.8% from 2012. Gas volumes supplied outside Italy (78.52 BCM from consolidated companies), imported in Italy or
sold outside Italy, represented approximately 92% of total supplies, substantially in line with 2012 (down 0.62 BCM, or
0.8%) due to higher volumes purchased in Russia (up 9.76 BCM) and the Netherlands (up 1.09 BCM), entirely offset by
63
lower volumes purchased in particular in Algeria (down 5.14 BCM), Norway (down 2.97 BCM) and Libya (down 0.77
BCM). Supplies in Italy (7.15 BCM) slightly decreased from 2012 due to the decline of mature fields. In 2013, main
gas volumes from equity production derived from: (i) Italian gas fields (6.1 BCM); (ii) Libyan fields (1.7 BCM);
(iii) certain Eni fields located in the British and Norwegian sections of the North Sea (1.5 BCM); (iv) the United States
(1.2 BCM); and (v) other European areas (Croatia with 0.4 BCM). Considering also direct sales of the Exploration
& Production Division and LNG supplied from the Bonny liquefaction plant in Nigeria, supplied gas volumes from
equity production were approximately 16 BCM representing 17% of total volumes available for sale.
The table below sets forth Eni’s purchases of natural gas by source for the periods indicated.
Natural gas supply
Italy ........................................................................................................................................
Outside Italy .........................................................................................................................
Russia ......................................................................................................................................
Algeria (including LNG) ........................................................................................................
Libya .......................................................................................................................................
the Netherlands ......................................................................................................................
Norway ....................................................................................................................................
the United Kingdom ...............................................................................................................
Hungary ..................................................................................................................................
Qatar (LNG) ...........................................................................................................................
Other supplies of natural gas ................................................................................................
Other supplies of LNG ...........................................................................................................
Total supplies of subsidiaries .............................................................................................
Withdrawals from (input to) storage .....................................................................................
Network losses, measurement differences and other changes ............................................
Volumes available for sale of Eni’s subsidiaries .............................................................
Volumes available for sale of Eni’s affiliates ...................................................................
E&P volumes ........................................................................................................................
2011
2012
2013
7.22
76.05
21.00
13.94
2.32
11.02
12.30
3.57
0.61
2.90
6.16
2.23
83.27
1.79
(0.21)
84.85
9.05
2.86
(BCM)
7.55
79.14
19.83
14.45
6.55
11.97
12.13
3.20
0.61
2.88
5.43
2.09
86.69
(1.35)
(0.28)
85.06
7.53
2.73
7.15
78.52
29.59
9.31
5.78
13.06
9.16
3.04
0.48
2.89
3.63
1.58
85.67
(0.58)
(0.31)
84.78
5.78
2.61
Total volumes available for sale ........................................................................................
96.76
95.32
93.17
In order to secure long-term access to gas availability, particularly with a view to supplying the Italian gas market,
Eni has signed a number of long-term gas supply contracts with key producing countries that supply the European gas
markets. These contracts have been ensuring approximately 80 BCM of gas availability from 2010 (including the
Distrigas portfolio of supplies and excluding Eni’s other subsidiaries and affiliates) with a residual life of approximately
14 years and a pricing mechanism that indexed to the cost of gas to the price of crude oil and its derivatives (gasoil, fuel
oil, etc.). These contracts provide take-or-pay clauses whereby the Company is required to collect minimum
pre-determined volumes of gas in each year of the contractual term or, in case of failure, to pay the whole price, or a
fraction of that price, applied to uncollected volumes up to the minimum contractual quantity. The take-or-pay clause
entitles the Company to collect pre-paid volumes of gas in later years during the period of contract execution. In the
current industry downturn, the Company has failed to collect the annual minimum quantities of gas provided by the
contractual take-or-pay clause, being forced to pre-pay the underlying gas volumes. Management believes that the weak
industry outlook weighed down by declining demand and large gas availability on the marketplace, the possible
evolution of sector-specific regulation and strong competitive pressures represent risk factors to the Company’s ability
to fulfill its minimum take obligations associated with its long-term supply contracts in the foreseeable future. For
further discussion about our risks associated with take-or-pay contracts see “Item 3” and “Item 5 – Management’s
expectations of operations”.
Sales of natural gas
In 2013, Eni’s gas sales were 93.17 BCM, down by 2.3% from 2012. When excluding the effect of the divestment
of Galp, gas sales were broadly in line with the previous year. Eni’s sales in the domestic market increased by 1.08
BCM driven by higher spot sales and by higher sales to importers in Italy (up 1.94 BCM). This positive trend was more
than offset by lower volumes marketed in the main European markets (down 5.61 BCM, particularly in Benelux, the
Iberian Peninsula and the United Kingdom) due to declining gas demand and competitive pressure. Higher sales outside
Europe (up 0.56 BCM) were driven by increasing LNG sales in the Far East, particularly in Japan and Korea.
Exploration & Production sales in Northern Europe and in the United States (2.61 BCM) declined by 0.12 BCM due to
lower sales in the United States.
64
The tables below set forth Eni’s sales of natural gas by principal market for the periods indicated.
Natural gas sales by entities
2011
2012
2013
Total sales of subsidiaries ...................................................................................................
Italy (including own consumption) .......................................................................................
Rest of Europe ........................................................................................................................
Outside Europe ......................................................................................................................
Total sales of Eni’s affiliates (Eni’s share) ........................................................................
Italy .........................................................................................................................................
Rest of Europe ........................................................................................................................
Outside Europe ......................................................................................................................
Total sales of G&P ..............................................................................................................
E&P in Europe and in the Gulf of Mexico (a) .......................................................................
Worldwide gas sales .............................................................................................................
84.05
34.60
44.84
4.61
9.85
0.08
8.14
1.63
93.90
2.86
96.76
_______
(BCM)
84.30
34.66
44.57
5.07
8.29
0.12
6.45
1.72
92.59
2.73
95.32
83.60
35.76
42.30
5.54
6.96
0.10
5.05
1.81
90.56
2.61
93.17
(a)
Exploration & Production sales include volumes marketed by the Exploration & Production Division in Europe (2.29, 2.06 and 2.08 BCM in 2011, 2012 and 2013,
respectively) and in the Gulf of Mexico (0.57, 0.67 and 0.53 BCM in 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively).
Natural gas sales by market
2011
2012
2013
ITALY ....................................................................................................................................
Wholesalers ............................................................................................................................
Italian gas exchange and spot markets .................................................................................
Industries ................................................................................................................................
Medium-sized enterprises and services ................................................................................
Power generation ...................................................................................................................
Residential ..............................................................................................................................
Own consumption ..................................................................................................................
INTERNATIONAL SALES ...............................................................................................
Rest of Europe ......................................................................................................................
Importers in Italy ....................................................................................................................
European markets ...................................................................................................................
Iberian Peninsula ...................................................................................................................
Germany-Austria ....................................................................................................................
Benelux ...................................................................................................................................
Hungary ..................................................................................................................................
United Kingdom/Northern Europe .......................................................................................
Turkey .....................................................................................................................................
France .....................................................................................................................................
Other .......................................................................................................................................
Extra European markets ....................................................................................................
E&P in Europe and in the Gulf of Mexico .......................................................................
WORLDWIDE GAS SALES .............................................................................................
34.68
5.16
5.24
7.21
0.88
4.31
5.67
6.21
62.08
52.98
3.24
49.74
7.48
6.47
13.84
2.24
4.21
6.86
7.01
1.63
6.24
2.86
96.76
(BCM)
34.78
4.65
7.52
6.93
0.81
2.55
5.89
6.43
60.54
51.02
2.73
48.29
6.29
7.78
10.31
2.02
4.75
7.22
8.36
1.56
6.79
2.73
95.32
35.86
4.58
10.68
6.07
1.12
2.11
5.37
5.93
57.31
47.35
4.67
42.68
4.90
8.31
8.68
1.84
3.51
6.73
7.73
0.98
7.35
2.61
93.17
European markets
A review of Eni’s presence in the key European markets is presented below.
Benelux. Eni holds a leadership position in the Benelux Countries (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg)
granted by a direct presence, the integration with Distrigas’ operations, the presence in the retail and middle market and
its significant exposure to spot markets in Western Europe. In 2013, sales in Benelux were mainly directed to industrial
companies, power generation and wholesalers and amounted to 8.68 BCM (10.31 BCM in 2012), down by 1.63 BCM,
or 15.8%, due to lower demand and rising competitive pressure. In 2012, Eni launched its brand in the business and
retail gas and power market in Belgium. The Eni brand replaced that of local operators acquired in the past few years
with the aim of consolidating its leadership in the market.
France. Eni sells natural gas to industrial clients, wholesalers and power generation as well as to the segments of
retail and middle market. Eni is present in the French market through its direct commercial activities and through its
subsidiary. Management plans to expand sales in France over the plan period growing volumes supplied to the business
65
segments and increasing retail customers. In 2013, sales in France amounted to 7.73 BCM (8.36 BCM in 2012), a
decrease of 0.63 BCM, or 7.5%, from a year ago. In 2013, Eni launched its brand in France, replacing those of the local
operators acquired in the past few years with the aim of becoming one of the major retail operators in the Country.
Germany-Austria. Eni is present in the natural gas market through a direct marketing structure which sold in 2013
approximately 6.34 BCM in Germany and 0.25 BCM in Austria through its associate GVS (Gasversorgung
Süddeutschland GmbH - Eni 50%) which sold approximately 5.24 BCM in 2013 (2.62 BCM being Eni’s share).
Management plans to drive growth in direct sales leveraging on the quality of its commercial offer, a projected
expansion in its business customer base and the enhancement of direct presence on the market. In 2013, total sales in
the Germany-Austria market amounted to 8.31 BCM, an increase of 0.53 BCM, or 6.8%, from a year ago.
Spain. Eni operates in the Spanish gas market through a direct marketing structure that markets its portfolio of
LNG and through Unión Fenosa Gas (UFG) (Eni’s interest 50%) which mainly supplies natural gas to industrial clients,
wholesalers and power generation utilities. In addition, Eni sells gas transported via the Medgaz pipeline. In 2013, UFG
gas sales in Europe amounted to 4.58 BCM (2.29 BCM Eni’s share). UFG holds an 80% interest in the Damietta
liquefaction plant, on the Egyptian coast (see below), and a 7.36% interest in a liquefaction plant in Oman. In addition,
it holds interests in the Sagunto (Valencia) and El Ferrol (Galicia) re-gasification plants (42.5% and 18.9%,
respectively). In 2013, Eni sales in Spain amounted to 4.9 BCM, decreasing from a year ago. Following the divestment
of Galp, we no more sell gas in the Portuguese market (1.39 BCM in 2012).
Turkey. Eni sells gas supplied from Russia and transported via the Blue Stream pipeline. In 2013, sales amounted
to 6.73 BCM, a decrease of 0.49 BCM, or 6.8% from a year ago.
United Kingdom. Eni through its subsidiary ETS markets in the United Kingdom the equity gas produced at Eni’s
fields in the North Sea and operates in the main continental natural gas hubs (NBP, Zeebrugge, TTF). In 2013, sales
amounted to 3.51 BCM, an increase of 26.1% from a year ago.
Deborah Gas Storage Project in the Hewett Area, United Kingdom
The Deborah Gas Storage Project (DGSP) is a gas storage development to ensure gas supplies during the seasonal
swings in demand. The project involves the Deborah reservoir (located in UKCS Block 48/30a) which will be
connected to the National Transmission System at Bacton, via the Company’s existing production terminal. Gas Storage
License has been granted by the Department of Energy & Climate Change (DECC) while the North Norfolk District
Council (NNDC) has approved the Deborah Project planning application subject to certain conditions. Appraisal works
on the Deborah reservoir have also progressed, including the drilling and completion of an appraisal well and the related
tests. Ongoing work with the relevant United Kingdom ministers and regulatory departments have continued in order to
promote the continued role of natural gas within the United Kingdom energy mix and support the economic case for the
DGSP with the aim of securing a stable revenue stream to the project thus enabling the entrance of new investors. At
the end of 2012 the United Kingdom Department of Energy and Climate Change published its Gas Generation Strategy.
It has then started an analysis of the costs and benefits of an intervention to support Gas Storage investments in the
United Kingdom which could support the Eni project. However, government legislation is not expected to come into
force until 2014, Eni therefore is targeting a possible FID in 2014-2015.
The LNG business
Eni operates in all phases of the LNG business: gas feeding, liquefaction, shipping, re-gasification and sale through
operated activities or interests in joint ventures and associates. Eni’s presence in the business is tied to the Company’s
plans to develop its large gas reserve base in Africa and elsewhere in the world. The LNG business has not been
impacted by the economic downturn and oversupply affecting the European gas market, as well as by structural
modifications in the U.S. market. LNG flexibility allowed to adapt the business model to the new scenario and to
increase the value of the commodity entering in new markets.
Eni’s main assets and projects in the LNG business are described below.
Qatar. Eni increased its development opportunities in the LNG business with access to new supply sources mainly
from Qatar, under a 20-year agreement with RasGas (owned by Qatar Petroleum with a 70% interest and ExxonMobil
with a 30% interest) and the Zeebrugge LNG terminal on the Western coast of Belgium.
Egypt. Eni, through its interest in Unión Fenosa Gas, owns a 40% interest in the Damietta liquefaction plant with a
capacity of approximately 5 mmtonnes/y of LNG which equates to a feedstock of 7.56 BCM/y in natural gas out of
which the Gas & Power segment interest is up to 2.2 BCM/y to be marketed in Europe.
66
Spain. Eni through Unión Fenosa Gas holds a 21.25% interest in the Sagunto re-gasification plant, near Valencia,
with a capacity of 8.8 BCM/y and a LNG storage capacity of 450,000 CM which will be increased to 600,000 CM after
the ongoing construction of a fourth tank. At present, Eni’s re-gasification capacity entitlement amounts to 1.9 BCM/y
of gas. Eni through Unión Fenosa Gas also holds a 9.45% interest in the El Ferrol re-gasification plant, located in
Galicia, with a treatment capacity of approximately 3.6 BCM/y, of which 0.34 BCM/y being Eni’s capacity
entitlements. The LNG storage capacity of the plant is 300,000 CM in two tanks.
United States
Cameron. The Cameron LNG terminal is located on the coastline of Louisiana. The facility where Eni owns a
capacity entitlement to treat LNG was completed in 2009. Considering current oversupply conditions in the U.S. gas
market, the partners of the project are planning for converting the Cameron facility into a liquefaction plant to export
LNG. The relevant U.S. Authorities have so far granted the authorization to export while they are still evaluating the
reconversion project. Eni has accrued in 2013 the expected costs of the unused re-gasification plant.
Pascagoula. This project is part of an upstream development project related to the construction of an LNG plant in
Angola designed to produce 5.2 mmtonnes of LNG (approximately 7.3 BCM/y) destined to the North American market
in order to monetize part of the Company’s gas reserves. As part of the downstream leg of the project, Eni signed a
20-year contract with Gulf LNG to buy 5.8 BCM/y of the re-gasification capacity of the plant under construction near
Pascagoula in Mississippi. The re-gasification facility is in operation from the last quarter of 2012. Eni USA Gas
Marketing Llc also signed a 20-year contract to purchase approximately 0.9 BCM/y of re-gasified gas downstream the
terminal owned by Angola Supply Services, a company whose partners also own Angola LNG. In 2012, the partners
and local authorities reached an agreement for the sale of LNG on Asian and European markets due to the changed gas
demand outlook in the U.S. market.
LNG sales
2011
2012
2013
(BCM)
G&P sales ..............................................................................................................................
11.8
10.5
Rest of Europe ........................................................................................................................
Extra European markets ........................................................................................................
E&P sales ...............................................................................................................................
Liquefaction plants:
- Soyo (Angola) ......................................................................................................................
- Bontang (Indonesia) ............................................................................................................
- Point Fortin (Trinidad & Tobago) ......................................................................................
- Bonny (Nigeria) ...................................................................................................................
- Darwin (Australia) ...............................................................................................................
9.8
2.0
3.9
0.6
0.4
2.5
0.4
7.6
2.9
4.1
0.6
0.5
2.7
0.3
8.4
4.6
3.8
4.0
0.1
0.5
0.6
2.4
0.4
15.7
14.6
12.4
Electricity sales and power generation
Electricity sales
As part of its marketing activities in Italy, Eni engages in selling electricity on the Italian market principally on the
open market, at industrial sites and on the Italian exchange for electricity. Supplies of electricity include both own
production volumes through gas-fired, combined-cycle facilities and purchases on the open market. This activity has
been developed in order to capture further value along the gas value-chain leveraging on the Company’s large gas
availability. In addition, with the aim of developing and retaining valuable customers in the residential space and middle
to large industrial users, the Company has been developing a commercial offer that provides the combined supply of
gas, power and fuels. In 2013, power sales (35.05 TWh) were directed to the free market (82%), the Italian power
exchange (6%), industrial sites (9%) and others (3%). Compared with 2012, electricity sales were down by 17.7%, due
to lower volumes traded on the Italian power exchange and declining sales to wholesales, partly offset by higher sales to
retail customers.
67
Power availability
2011
2012
2013
Power generation sold ...........................................................................................................
Trading of electricity (a) .........................................................................................................
25.23
15.05
(TWh)
25.67
16.91
23.03
12.02
Power sales by market
Free market (a) .........................................................................................................................
Italian exchange for electricity ..............................................................................................
Industrial plants ......................................................................................................................
Other (a) ...................................................................................................................................
40.28
42.58
35.05
27.25
8.67
3.23
1.13
31.84
6.10
3.30
1.34
28.73
1.96
3.31
1.05
40.28
42.58
35.05
_______
(a)
Include positive and negative imbalances.
Power generation
Eni’s main power generation plants are located in Ferrera Erbognone, Ravenna, Livorno, Taranto, Mantova,
Brindisi, Ferrara and in various photovoltaic parks. In 2013, power production was 23.03 TWh, down 2.64 TWh, or
10.3% from 2012. As of December 31, 2013, installed operational capacity was 5.3 GW (5.3 GW as of December 31,
2012). Electricity trading declined (down 4.89 TWh, or 28.9%) due to lower purchases related performer on the market.
By 2015, Eni expects to complete its plans for capacity expansion targeting an installed capacity of 5.4 GW. In the
medium term, Eni intends to consolidate operations at its power generation plants and to enhance the flexibility of
assets in order to better meet market needs. Furthermore Eni intends to develop the production from renewable sources
focusing on photovoltaic power plants, and on the Company’s “Green Chemistry” project for the remediation of the
Porto Torres site, where it will be also build a bio-mass power plant. Development activities are currently underway at
the Bolgiano (Eni 100%) plant. Supplies of natural gas are expected to amount to approximately 6 BCM/y from Eni’s
diversified supply portfolio. New installed generation capacity uses the combined-cycle gas-fired technology (CCGT)
and produces electricity combined with heat (cogeneration) used to feed industrial processes and district heating
networks, ensuring a high level of efficiency and low environmental impact. In particular, management estimates that
for a given amount of energy (electricity and heat) produced, using the CCGT technology instead of conventional
power generation technology, the emission of carbon dioxide reduces by approximately 5 mmtonnes, on an energy
production of 26.5 TWh. The electricity produced in cogeneration does not require the purchase of green certificates.
According the regulations currently in force, are required to supply certain percentages of energy derived from
renewable sources calculated as a function of the energy produced from fossil-fuel or, alternatively, to purchase green
certificates (which grant exemptions to the obligation to supply in proportionate amounts energy derived from
fossil-fuel and renewable sources). The Legislative Decree No. 28/2011 provides for a gradual reduction down to zero,
in 2015, of the share of fossil-fuel derived electricity that producers are entitled to offset by the purchase of green
certificates. Eni and other cogeneration producers are currently involved in a legal proceeding against the Italian
state-owned company promoting and supporting renewable energy resources (GSE - Gestore Servizi Elettrici), which is
in charge of controlling the compliance of obligation, in relation to way of assessing energy produced in cogeneration.
In particular, the GSE alleges that that producers are not allowed to assess the amount of electricity produced from
cogeneration as energy derived from renewable sources, according to the AEEG’s Decision No. 42/02; therefore GSE
maintains that producers have to buy a greater amount of green certificates to maintain their production levels.
However, with a further administrative decision, the electricity produced from cogeneration has been considered
eligible to be awarded with “white certificates”, in proportion to primary energy saving granted to the system. Power
plants built before 2007 will be entitled to gain white certificates in a measure equivalent to 30% of the amount awarded
to a new project. In spite of these incentives, we believe that in the next four years our expenses to comply with
environmental regulation will increase as a result of stricter rules that will apply to the award of emission allowances in
the EU emission trading mechanism, causing the Company to increase its purchases of allowance on the free market.
68
The main assets of Eni power generation activities in Italy are provided in the table below.
Site
Brindisi .....................................................................................................
Ferrera Erbognone ...................................................................................
Livorno .....................................................................................................
Mantova ....................................................................................................
Ravenna ....................................................................................................
Taranto ......................................................................................................
Ferrara .......................................................................................................
Bolgiano ...................................................................................................
Photovoltaic parks ....................................................................................
_______
(a)
Capacity available after completion of dismantling of obsolete plants.
Total installed
capacity
in 2013 (a)
(MW)
Technology
Fuel
1,321
1,030
CCGT
CCGT
199 Power station
836
CCGT
CCGT
972
75 Power station
841
CCGT
30 Power station
4 Power station
gas
gas/syngas
gas/fuel oil
gas
gas
gas/fuel oil
gas
gas
photovoltaic
energy
5,308
Power generation
2011
2012
2013
Purchases
Natural gas ............................................................................................................... (mmCM)
(ktoe)
Other fuels ................................................................................................................
- of which steam cracking........................................................................................
Production
23.03
Electricity .................................................................................................................
Steam ........................................................................................................................ (ktonnes) 14,401 12,603 10,099
5.3
Installed generation capacity ...............................................................................
5,206
462
98
5,008
528
99
4,635
449
25.23
25.67
(TWh)
(GW)
5.3
5.3
International transport
Eni has transport rights on a large European network of integrated infrastructures for transporting natural gas,
which links key consumption markets with the main producing areas (Russia, Algeria, Libya and the North Sea). Eni
pays annual fixed amounts to lease the transport capacity from pipeline owners under ship-or-pay contracts which are
similar to take-or-pay contracts.
Eni also retains ownership interests in certain pipeline companies which run and operate the facility by leasing the
relevant capacity to both shareholders and third-party shippers. The main assets of Eni transport activities are provided
in the table below.
International transport infrastructure
Route
Lines
Total length
Diameter
Transport
capacity (1)
Transit
capacity (2)
Compression
stations
TTPC (Oued Saf Saf-Cap Bon)
TMPC
(Cap Bon-Mazara del Vallo)
GreenStream (Mellitah-Gela)
Blue Stream
(Beregovaya-Samsun)
_______
(units)
2 lines of km 370
5 lines of km 155
1 line of km 520
2 lines of km 387
(km)
(inch)
(BCM/y)
(BCM/y)
(No.)
740
775
520
774
48
20/26
32
24
34.0
33.5
8.0
16.0
33.2
33.5
8.0
16.0
5
1
1
(1)
(2)
Includes both transit capacity and volumes of natural gas destined to local markets and withdrawn at various points along the pipeline.
The maximum volume of natural gas which is input at various entry points along the pipeline and transported to the next pipeline.
69
International transport activities
The TTPC pipeline, 740-kilometer long, is made up of two lines that are each 370-kilometer long with a transport
capacity of 34.0 BCM/y and five compression stations. This pipeline transports natural gas from Algeria across Tunisia
from Oued Saf Saf at the Algerian border to Cap Bon on the Mediterranean coast where it links with the TMPC
pipeline.
The TMPC pipeline for the import of Algerian gas is 775-kilometer long and consists of five lines that are each
155-kilometer long with a transport capacity of 33.5 BCM/y. It crosses the underwater Sicily Channel from Cap Bon to
Mazara del Vallo in Sicily, the point of entry into the Italian natural gas transport system.
The GreenStream pipeline, jointly-owned with the Libyan National Oil Co, started operations in October 2004 for
the import of Libyan gas produced at Eni operated fields Bahr Essalam and Wafa. It is 520-kilometer long with a
transport capacity of 8 BCM/y and crosses underwater in the Mediterranean Sea from Mellitah on the Libyan coast to
Gela in Sicily, the point of entry into the Italian natural gas transport system.
Eni holds a 50% interest in the Blue Stream underwater pipeline (water depth greater than 2,150 meters) linking
the Russian coast to the Turkish coast of the Black Sea. This pipeline is 774-kilometer long on two lines and has
transport capacity of 16 BCM/y. It is part of a joint venture to sell gas produced in Russia on the Turkish market.
The South Stream project
Eni and Gazprom are jointly assessing the technical and economic feasibility of a project to build a new import
route to Europe to market gas produced in Russia (the so-called South Stream project). The South Stream pipeline will
provide transport capacity of 63 BCM/y and is expected to be composed by two sections: (i) an offshore section
crossing the Black Sea from the Russian coast at Anapa (in the same Southern Russian area of Beregovaya, the starting
point of the Blue Stream pipeline) to the Bulgarian coast at Varna; and (ii) an onshore section crossing Bulgaria for
which two options are currently being evaluated: one pointing North-West and another one pointing South-West. Eni is
involved only in the offshore section of the project. In September 2011, Eni and Gazprom in the context of their
strategic partnership signed a series of agreements in areas of common interest including the development of the
offshore section of the South Stream project through the definition of terms for the participation to the project of gas
operators Wintershall and EDF, each with a 15% stake; Gazprom and Eni hold 50% and 20% interests, respectively. On
November 14, 2012, in accordance with the shareholders agreement the partners confirmed that South Stream project
will proceed according to the agreed schedule aiming at transporting the first gas through the Black Sea by the end of
2015. Pursuant to the shareholder agreement, the minority shareholders including Eni have the right to divest from the
project in case certain future conditions are not satisfied. In 2014, the procurement process was started up. The
construction of the first line, the shore crossings and associated facilities for all the pipelines has been assigned to
Saipem.
Capital expenditures
See “Item 5 – Liquidity and capital resources – Capital expenditures by segment”.
Refining & Marketing
Eni’s Refining & Marketing segment engages in the supply of crude oil, refining and marketing of refined
products, trading and shipping of crude oil and refined products primarily in Italy and in Central-Eastern Europe. In
Italy, Eni is the largest refining and marketing operator in terms of capacity and market share. The Company’s
operations are fully integrated through refining, supply, trading, logistics and marketing so as to maximize cost
efficiencies and effectiveness of operations.
The outlook in the Refining & Marketing segment remains depressed as management does not expect any
significant improvement in the trading environment over the next four years of the industrial plan and as excess
capacity, weak demand and continuing competitive pressure from product streams coming from Russia, Asia and
ultimately the U.S. continue to hurt our profitability. The ongoing economic downturn is anticipated to weigh on the
recovery of demand for fuels, while high costs of the crude oil feedstock and energy utilities will continue squeezing
refining margins. On the supply side, it is unlikely that ongoing capacity rationalization will help absorb product
surpluses on the short term. Finally we expect that our refining margins at complex cycles will continue to suffer from
70
ongoing narrowing differential between the benchmark Brent and the heavy qualities of crude oil supplied by our
operations due to reduced supplies of heavy crudes in the Mediterranean Area from Russia and other countries. Also
retail and wholesale marketing activities of refined products will be affected by sluggish demand and product
oversupply that is expected to trigger pricing competition. See “Item 3 – Risk factors” and “Regulation” below.
Due to the challenging market environment and industry downturn, we plan to implement all available levers to
improve operations efficiency and profitability. The main planned initiatives in our refining operations are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
to reduce refining capacity by closing marginal lines of operations and through the full conversion of the
Venice refinery into a facility which will be able to process bio-fuels;
to pursue better integration of refineries and logistic assets and seek synergies with the Exploration
& Production segment to monetize equity crudes and proprietary technologies;
to maximize refinery flexibility and conversion to extract value from heavy crudes;
to achieve energy efficiency initiatives;
to rationalize logistic costs and implement other cost-saving measures involving maintenance, labor and other
fixed plant expenses;
to strictly select capital expenditures; and
to boost margins leveraging on risk management activities.
In the marketing activity, we plan to preserve our profitability by:
•
preserving our marketing margins at our Italian outlets by rationalizing and divesting marginal service stations
and continuously upgrading our best plants and developing new revenues streams from non oil activities and
other services to the driver;
preserving our customer base by effective marketing actions, fidelity cards, cross initiatives with other
operators (food distributors, telecoms etc.), rolling out our “eni” brand and service excellence;
boosting margins by increasing the number of fully-automated outlets; and
selectively growing our market share in European markets and divesting from marginal areas.
•
•
•
In the 2014-2017 period, we plan to make capital expenditures amounting to ! 2.5 billion carefully selecting capital
projects. Management plans to make expenditures to convert the Venice plant into a bio-refinery, continuous refinery
upgrade as well as to improve plant efficiency and reliability. Retail activities will attract some 25% of the planned
expenditure which will be mainly directed to upgrade and modernize our service stations in Italy and in selected
European countries, and to complete the network rebranding.
Based on the planned initiatives, management expects Eni’s refining and marketing operations to break-even in the
next four-year period assuming a constant trading environment.
The matters regarding future plans discussed in this section and elsewhere herein are forward-looking statements
that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those in such forward
looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include difficulties in obtaining approvals from relevant Antitrust
Authorities and developments in the relevant market.
Supply
In 2013, a total of 65.96 mmtonnes of crude were purchased by the Refining & Marketing segment (62.21
mmtonnes in 2012), of which 26.15 mmtonnes from Eni’s Exploration & Production segment, 25.27 mmtonnes on the
spot market and 14.54 mmtonnes were purchased under long-term supply contracts with producing countries.
Approximately 26% of crude purchased in 2013 came from Russia, 19% from West Africa, 14% from the North Sea,
12% from North Africa, 6% from the Middle East, 6% from Italy and 17% from other areas. In 2013, some 43.96
mmtonnes of crude purchased were marketed (up 7.40 mmtonnes from 2012, or 20.2%). In addition, 5.31 mmtonnes of
intermediate products were purchased (4.53 mmtonnes in 2012) to be used as feedstock in conversion plants and 17.79
mmtonnes of refined products (20.52 mmtonnes in 2012) were purchased to be sold on markets outside Italy (13.73
mmtonnes) and on the domestic market (4.06 mmtonnes) as a complement to available production.
Refining
In 2013, Eni’s refining system had total refinery capacity (balanced with conversion capacity) of approximately
39.3 mmtonnes (equal to 787 KBBL/d) and a conversion index of 62%. Conversion index is a measure of refinery
complexity. The higher the index, the wider the spectrum of crude qualities and feedstock that a refinery is able to
process thus enabling it to benefit from the cost economies which the Company generally expects to achieve as certain
qualities of crude (particularly the heavy ones) may trade at discount with reference to the light crude Brent benchmark.
Eni’s five 100% owned refineries have balanced capacity of 28.7 mmtonnes (equal to 574 KBBL/d), with a 68%
conversion index. In 2013, Eni’s refineries throughputs in Italy and outside Italy was 27.38 mmtonnes.
71
The table below sets forth certain statistics regarding Eni’s refineries as of December 31, 2013.
Refining system in 2013
Ownership
share
(%)
Distillation
capacity
(total)
(KBBL/d)
Distillation
capacity
(Eni’s share)
(KBBL/d)
Primary
balanced
refining
capacity (1)
(Eni’s share)
(KBBL/d)
Conversion
index (2)
(%)
Fluid
catalytic
cracking -
FCC (3)
(KBBL/d)
Residue
conversion
(KBBL/d)
Go-Finer/
Mild Hydro-
cracking
(KBBL/d)
Mild Hydro-
cracking/
Hydro-
cracking
(KBBL/d)
Visbreaking/
thermal
cracking
(KBBL/d)
Coking
(KBBL/d)
Distillation
capacity
utilization
rate
(Eni’s share)
(%)
Balanced
refining
capacity
utilization
rate
(Eni’s share)
(%)
Wholly-owned
refineries
Italy
Sannazzaro
Gela
Taranto
Livorno
Porto Marghera
Partially-owned
refineries (4)
Italy
Milazzo
Germany
Vohburg/Neustadt
(Bayernoil)
Schwedt
Czech Republic
Kralupy and
Litvinov
Total refineries
________
100
100
100
100
100
50
20
8.33
32.4
685
223
129
120
106
107
874
248
215
231
180
1,559
685
223
129
120
106
107
245
124
43
19
59
930
574
190
100
120
84
80
213
100
41
19
53
787
68
73
142
72
11
20
47
60
36
42
30
62
69
34
35
167
45
49
49
24
236
37
37
35
13
22
25
25
46
46
66
51
15
99
32
43
89
29
38
22
27
27
60
37
24
165
116
46
61
74
22
65
73
44
79
77
92
95
78
72
66
87
29
65
92
37
84
83
92
94
78
71
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Actual production capacity: Venice conversion in “Green Refinery”, Gela with only a production line working.
Stated in fluid catalytic cracking equivalent/topping (% by weight), based on 100% of balanced primary distillation capacity.
Conversion plant where vacuum feedstock undergoes cracking at high pressure and moderate temperature thus producing mostly high quality gasoline. This kind of
plant guarantees high operating flexibility to the refinery.
Capacity of conversion plant is 100%.
Italy
Eni’s refining system in Italy is composed of five wholly-owned refineries and a 50% share in the Milazzo refinery
in Sicily. Eni’s refineries in Italy operate and plan in order to maximize asset value according to the markets and the
integration with Eni’s other activities.
Sannazzaro refinery has balanced refining capacity of 190 KBBL/d and a conversion index of 72.8%.
Management believes that this site is one of the most efficient refineries in Europe. Located in the Po Valley, it mainly
supplies markets in North-Western Italy and Switzerland. The high flexibility and conversion capacity of this refinery
allows it to process a wide range of feedstock. From a logistical standpoint this refinery is located along the route of the
Central Europe pipeline, which links the Genoa terminal with French speaking Switzerland. This refinery contains two
primary distillation plants and relevant facilities, including three desulphurization units. Conversion is obtained through
a fluid catalytic cracker (FCC), two hydrocrackers (HdC), the last unit entered into operations in June 2009, which
enable middle distillate conversion and a visbreaking thermal conversion unit with a gasification facility loaded with
heavy residue from visbreaking unit (tar) to produce syn-gas to feed the nearby EniPower power plant at Ferrera
Erbognone. In 2013, the Eni Slurry Technology (EST) project was started up. The conversion plant with a 23 KBBL/d
capacity is aimed to process extra heavy crude with high sulphur content increasing middle distillates and reducing fuel
oil. Therefore, Eni is developing conversion technology of Slurry Dual Catalyst (an evolution of EST), based on a
combination of two nano-catalysts, could lead to a relevant breakthrough in the EST process, increasing its productivity
and improving product quality, reducing expenditure and operating costs.
A further project is the proprietary process for hydrogen production, Hydrogen SCT-CPO (Short Contact
Time-Catalytic Partial Oxidation) and the design is nearly over. This reforming technology transforms gaseous and
liquid hydrocarbons (also derived from bio-mass) into synthetic gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) at competitive
costs.
Taranto refinery has balanced refining capacity of 120 KBBL/d and a conversion index of 72%. This refinery
process most of oil produced in Eni’s Val d’Agri fields carried to Taranto through the Monte Alpi pipeline (in 2013 a
total of 2.87 mmtonnes of this oil were processed). It principally produces fuels for automotive use and residential
heating purposes for the Southern Italian markets.
The complexity is achieved through a Residue Hydroconversion Unit (RHU) - Hydrocracking process and a “Two
Stage” Visbreaking-Thermal Cracking unit.
Gela refinery has balanced refining capacity of 100 KBBL/d and a conversion index of 142%. Located on the
Southern coast of Sicily, it is integrated with upstream operations processing heavy crude produced from Eni’s nearby
offshore and onshore fields. Its high conversion level is ensured by an FCC unit with go-finer for feedstock upgrading
and two coking plants enabling conversion of heavy residues topping or vacuum residues. In order to achieve full
compliance with the tightest environmental standards, in the power station there is SNOx plant to remove sulphur
72
dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulates from flue gases. An underway refurbishment of the Gela power plant,
substantially renewing pet-coke boilers, will increase profitability maximizing synergies from refining and power
generation.
In 2013, started the restructuring plan to recover the economic viability of the refinery, maximizing the production
of diesel providing the closure of gasoline (FFC and ancillary) and polyethylene production cycles and the conversion
of gofiner in Hydrocracking.
Livorno refinery, with balanced refining capacity of 84 KBBL/d and a conversion index of 11%, manufactures
mainly gasoline, fuel oil for bunkering and lubricant bases. Besides its primary distillation plants, this refinery contains
two lubricant manufacturing lines. Its infrastructures including highways, railways and pipeline connecting the site with
the local harbor and with the Florence storage sites through two pipelines optimizing intake, handling and distribution
of products.
Porto Marghera refinery, with balanced refining capacity of 80 KBBL/d and a conversion index of 20%, supplies
mainly markets in North-Eastern Italy and Austria. Besides its primary distillation plants, this refinery contains a two
stage thermal conversion plant (visbreaking/thermal cracking) to increase yields of valuable products.
Eni will turn the refinery into a “bio-refinery” based on proprietary technology for the production of bio-diesel
based on its Ecofining technology. The conversion to a Green Refinery has started in September 2013 and bio-fuel
production start-up is expected in 2014. The plant will be associated with a logistics center.
Milazzo refinery, participated on equal share by Eni and Kuwait Petroleum Italy, with balanced refining capacity
of 100 KBBL/d and conversion index of 60%, is located on the Northern coast of Sicily. Besides two primary
distillation plants, refinery has a fluid catalytic cracker unit (FCC), a hydrocracker (HdC), and one unit of residue
treatment (LC-Finer).
Outside Italy
In Germany, Eni’s share in the Schwedt refinery is 8.3% and 20% in Bayernoil, an integrated industrial hub that
includes Vohburg and Neustadt refineries. Eni’s refining capacity in Germany is approximately 60 KBBL/d mainly to
supply Eni’s distribution network in Bavaria and Eastern Germany. In Czech Republic, Eni’s share in Ceská Rafinérská
is 32.4%, that includes two refineries, Kralupy and Litvinov. Eni’s refining capacity amounts to about 53 KBBL/d to
supply Eastern Europe.
73
Table below sets forth Eni’s products availability figures for the periods indicated.
Availability of refined products
ITALY
Refinery throughputs
At wholly-owned refineries ..................................................................................................
Less input on account of third parties ..................................................................................
At affiliated refineries ...........................................................................................................
Refinery throughputs on own account ............................................................................
Consumption and losses .......................................................................................................
Products available for sale .................................................................................................
Purchases of refined products and change in inventories ...................................................
Products transferred to operations outside Italy ..................................................................
Consumption for power generation .....................................................................................
Sales of products .................................................................................................................
OUTSIDE ITALY
Refinery throughputs on own account ............................................................................
Consumption and losses .......................................................................................................
Products available for sale .................................................................................................
Purchases of finished products and change in inventories .................................................
Products transferred from Italian operations .......................................................................
Sales of products .................................................................................................................
Refinery throughputs on own account ............................................................................
of which: refinery throughputs of equity crude on own account .......................................
Total sales of refined products ..........................................................................................
Crude oil sales ......................................................................................................................
2011
2012
2013
(mmtonnes)
22.75
(0.49)
4.74
27.00
(1.55)
25.45
3.22
(1.77)
(0.89)
26.01
4.96
(0.23)
4.73
12.51
1.77
19.01
31.96
6.54
45.02
32.10
20.84
(0.47)
4.52
24.89
(1.34)
23.55
3.35
(2.36)
(0.75)
23.79
5.12
(0.23)
4.89
17.29
2.36
24.54
30.01
6.39
48.33
36.56
18.99
(0.57)
4.14
22.56
(1.23)
21.33
4.42
(1.85)
(0.55)
23.35
4.82
(0.22)
4.60
13.69
1.85
20.14
27.38
5.93
43.49
43.96
TOTAL SALES ...................................................................................................................
77.12
84.89
87.45
In 2013, refinery throughputs were 27.38 mmtonnes, decreasing by 2.63 mmtonnes, or 8.8% versus 2012.
Processed volumes in Italy decreased by 9.4% compared to 2012, due to the planned shutdown of the Venice refinery
following the Green Refinery project and in all the remaining plants due to a downsizing of productive assets in relation
to declining refining margins. Outside Italy, Eni’s refining throughputs decreased by 5.9% (down approximately 302
ktonnes) mainly reflecting the shutdown at the Kralupy refinery in the Czech Republic for maintenance and lower
throughputs in order to mitigate the negative impact of lower refining margins.
Wholly-owned refineries throughputs were 18.99 mmtonnes, down by 1.85 mmtonnes (or 8.9%) from 2012
determining a refinery utilization rate of 66%, declining by six percentage points from 2012, reflecting the unfavorable
scenario. Approximately 23.7% of processed crude was supplied by Eni’s Exploration & Production segment,
representing a 0.9 percentage points increase from 2012 (22.8%).
Eni’s Exploration & Production segment supplied approximately 23.7% of crudes, up 0.9% versus 2012.
Logistics
Eni is a primary operator in storage and transport of petroleum products in Italy with its logistical integrated
infrastructure consisting of 18 directly managed storage sites and a network of petroleum product pipelines for products
sale and storage of LPG and crude. Located in the Vado Ligure-Genova (Petrolig), Arquata Scrivia (Sigemi), Venice
(Petroven), Ravenna (Petra) and Trieste (DCT) sites, they reduce logistic costs, and increase efficiency.
Eni’s logistic model is based on a hub structure covering five main areas. These hubs monitor and centralize
products flows in order to lower collection and delivery costs. Eni holds five partnerships with major Italian operators.
Eni operates in oil and refined products transport: (i) by sea through spot and long-term contracts of tanker ships;
and (ii) through an owned pipeline network extending approximately 1,462-kilometer long.
Secondary distribution to retail and wholesale markets is carried out through outsourcing to little tanker owners
and represent leading market positions in their own geographical area.
74
Marketing
Eni markets a wide range of refined petroleum products, primarily in Italy, through an extensive operated network
of service stations, franchises and other distribution systems.
The table below sets forth Eni’s sales of refined products by distribution channel for the periods indicated.
Oil products sales in Italy and outside Italy
Italy
Retail ......................................................................................................................................
Wholesale ..............................................................................................................................
Petrochemicals ......................................................................................................................
Other sales .............................................................................................................................
Total ......................................................................................................................................
Outside Italy
Retail ......................................................................................................................................
Wholesale ..............................................................................................................................
Other sales .............................................................................................................................
Total ......................................................................................................................................
2011
2012
2013
(mmtonnes)
8.36
9.36
17.72
1.71
6.58
26.01
3.01
4.27
7.28
11.73
19.01
7.83
8.62
16.45
1.26
6.08
23.79
3.04
4.38
7.42
17.12
24.54
6.64
8.37
15.01
1.32
7.01
23.34
3.05
4.66
7.71
12.44
20.15
TOTAL SALES ....................................................................................................................
45.02
48.33
43.49
In 2013, sales volumes of refined products (43.49 mmtonnes) decreased by 4.84 mmtonnes from 2012, down 10%,
due mainly to lower volumes sold to oil companies and traders outside Italy.
Retail sales in Italy
In 2013, retail sales in Italy of 6.64 mmtonnes decreased by approximately 1.19 mmtonnes, down 15.2%, from
2012 driven by lower consumption of gasoil and gasoline, in particular in highway service stations related to the decline
in freight transportation. Average gasoline and gasoil throughput (1,657 kliters) decreased by approximately 318 kliters
from 2012. Eni’s retail market share for 2013 was 27.5%, down 3.7 percentage points from 2012.
At December 31, 2013, Eni’s retail network in Italy consisted of 4,762 service stations, 18 less than at December
31, 2012 (4,780 service stations), resulting from the negative balance of the closing of service stations with low
throughput (51 units), the release of one motorway concession, partially offset by the positive contribution of
acquisitions/releases of lease concessions (34 units).
In 2013, even sales of premium fuels (fuels of the “Eni Blu+” line with high performance and lower environmental
impact) were affected by the decline in domestic consumption and high price levels and were lower than the previous
year. In particular, sales of Eni BluDiesel+ amounted to approximately 231 mmtonnes (approximately 278 mmliters)
with a decline of approximately 61 ktonnes from 2012 and represented 5.3% of volumes of gasoil marketed by Eni’s
retail network. At December 31, 2013, service stations marketing BluDiesel+ totaled 3,909 units (4,123 at year-end
2012) covering approximately 82% of Eni’s network. Retail sales of BluSuper+ amounted to 30 ktonnes (approximately
41 mmliters), decreasing by 4 ktonnes from 2012, and covered 1.6% of gasoline sales on Eni’s retail network (broadly
in line with previous year). As of December 31, 2013, service stations marketing BluSuper+ totaled 2,171 units (2,505
at December 31, 2012), covering approximately 46% of Eni’s network.
In 2013, Eni continued the development of innovative and bio-fuels with proprietary additives and detergents that
provide better gasoline and gasoil with a “keep clean” component.
Retail sales in the rest of Europe
Eni’s strategy in the rest of Europe is focused on selectively growing its market share, particularly in Germany and
Austria leveraging on the synergies ensured by the proximity of these markets to Eni’s production and logistic facilities
and to divest from the marginal area with weak growth prospects.
75
In 2013, retail sales of refined products marketed in the rest of Europe (3.05 mmtonnes) were basically stable (up
0.3%). Volume additions in Germany and Austria were almost completely offset by lower sales in the Czech Republic
and Hungary.
At December 31, 2013, Eni’s retail network in the Rest of Europe consisted of 1,624 service stations, an increase
of 20 units from December 31, 2012 (1,604 service stations). The network evolution was as follows: (i) the closing of
25 low throughput service stations mainly in France; (ii) the positive balance of acquisitions/releases of lease
concessions (26 units) in particular in Germany and Austria; (iii) the purchase of 18 service stations, in particular in
France and Germany; and (iv) the opening of one new outlet. Average throughput (2,322 kliters) was in line with 2012
(2,319 kliters).
The key markets of Eni’s presence are: Austria with a 11.9% market share, Hungary with 11.7%, Czech Republic
with 9.8%, Slovakia with 9.7%, Switzerland with 7.3% and Germany with a 3.2% on national base. These market
shares were calculated by Eni based on public data on national consumption and Eni’s sales volumes. Non-oil activities
in the rest of Europe are present in 1,085 service stations (Eni owned network), of which 326 are in Germany, 209 in
Austria and 130 in France, with a virtually complete of owned stations.
Other businesses
Wholesale
Eni markets gasoline and other fuels on the wholesale market in Italy, including diesel fuel for automotive use and
for heating purposes, for agricultural vehicles and for vessels and fuel oil. Major customers are resellers, agricultural
users, manufacturing industries, public utilities and transports, as well as final users (transporters, condominiums,
farmers, fishers, etc.). Eni provides its customers with its expertise in the area of fuels with a wide range of products
that cover all market requirements. Along with traditional products provided with the high quality Eni standard, there is
also an innovative low environmental impact line, which includes AdvanceDiesel especially targeted for heavy duty
public and private transports. Customer care and product distribution is supported by a widespread commercial and
logistical organization presence all over Italy articulated in local marketing offices and a network of agents and
concessionaires.
In 2013, sales volumes on wholesale markets in Italy (8.37 mmtonnes) declined by approximately 253 ktonnes,
down 2.9%, mainly due to lower sales of bunkering and bitumen reflecting a decline in demand, mostly completely
offset by higher volumes sold of fuel oil and minor products. Average market share in 2013 was 28.8% (29.5% in
2012). Supplies of feedstock to the petrochemical industry (1.32 mmtonnes) slightly increased from 2012 (up 62
ktonnes) due to higher feedstock supplies. Wholesale sales in the Rest of Europe of approximately 4.23 mmtonnes
increased by 6.8% from 2012 due to higher sales in Slovenia and France. Sales declined in Austria. Other sales (19.45
mmtonnes) decreased by 3.75 mmtonnes, or 16.2%, mainly due to lower sales to other oil companies.
Eni also markets jet fuel directly or through local partners at 45 airports, of which 26 are in Italy. In 2013, these
sales amounted to 2.0 mmtonnes (of which 1.6 mmtonnes are in Italy). Eni is also active in the international market of
bunkering, marketing marine fuel mainly in 106 ports, of which 72 are in Italy. In 2013, marine fuel sales were 1.33
mmtonnes (1.23 mmtonnes in Italy).
LPG
In Italy, Eni is leader in LPG production, marketing and sale with 619 ktonnes sold for heating and automotive use
equal to a 20.8% market share. An additional 257 ktonnes of LPG were marketed through other channels mainly to oil
companies and traders. LPG activities in Italy are supported by direct production, availability from 5 bottling plants and
3 owned storage sites, in addition to products imported at coastal storage sites located in Livorno, Naples and Ravenna.
Outside Italy, LPG sales in 2013 amounted to 510 ktonnes of which 398 ktonnes in Ecuador where LPG market
share is around 37.8%.
Lubricants
Eni operates six (owned and co-owned) blending plants, in Italy, Europe, North and South America and the Far
East. With a wide range of products composed of over 650 different blends Eni masters international state of art
know-how for the formulation of products for vehicles (engine oil, special fluids and transmission oils) and industries
(lubricants for hydraulic systems, industrial machinery and metal processing). In Italy, Eni is leader in the manufacture
76
and sale of lubricant bases. Base oils are manufactured primarily at Eni’s refinery in Livorno. Eni also owns one facility
for the production of additives and solvents in Robassomero. In 2013, retail and wholesale sales in Italy amounted to 94
ktonnes with a 23.6% market share. Eni also sold approximately 3 ktonnes of special products (white oils, transformer
oil and anti-freeze fluids). Outside Italy sales amounted to approximately 170 ktonnes, of these about 40% were
registered in Europe.
Oxygenates
Eni, through its subsidiary Ecofuel (100% Eni’s share), sells approximately 1 mmtonnes/y of oxygenates, mainly
ethers (approximately 2.7% of world demand) and methanol (approximately 0.6% of world demand). About 72% of
oxygenates are produced in Eni’s plants in Italy (Ravenna), in Venezuela (in joint venture with Pequiven) and Saudi
Arabia (in joint venture with Sabic) and the remaining 28% is bought and resold. Eni distributes bio-ETBE in the Italian
market in compliance with the new legislation indicating minimum content of bio-fuels. Bio-ETBE like MTBE is an
octane booster gained a relevant position in the formulation of gasoline in European Union, because it is produced from
ethanol from agricultural crops and qualified as bio-component in European directive on bio-fuels.
From January 1, 2012, the compulsory content of bio-fuels increases to 4.5% (4% in 2011) and through Bio-ETBE
and bio-diesel (of 1st and 2nd generation) blending into fossil fuels Eni covered the compliance within 109.6% in 2012.
Eni plans to cover compliance through Bio-ETBE, FAME, green diesel from Porto Marghera site, and direct
blending of ethanol in gasoline in particular in some extents of Sannazzaro refinery inland.
Capital expenditures
See “Item 5 – Liquidity and capital resources – Capital expenditures by segment”.
Engineering & Construction
Eni engages in engineering, construction and drilling both offshore and onshore for the oil&gas industry through
Saipem, a subsidiary listed on the Italian Stock Exchange (Eni’s interest is 42.91%), and Saipem’s controlled entities.
Saipem boasts a strong competitive position in the market for services to the oil industry, particularly in executing large,
complex EPC contracts for the construction of offshore and onshore facilities and systems to develop hydrocarbons
reserves as well as LNG, refining and petrochemical plants, pipeline laying and offshore and onshore drilling services.
The Company owes its market position to technological and operational skills which we believe are acknowledged in
the marketplace due to its capabilities to operate in frontier areas and complex ecosystems, efficiently and effectively
managing large projects, engineering competencies and availability of technologically-advanced vessels and rigs which
have been upgraded in recent years through a large capital expenditure plan.
Our Engineering & Construction segment is expected to return to profitability in 2014 after a challenging 2013
which was severely hit by customer relationship and management issues. In 2013, management undertook business
reorganization, refocused the operations and implemented a more selective marketing strategy. The outlook for 2014 is
uncertain as an expected return to profitability depends on the speed at which new orders are acquired and the effective
execution of contracts underway.
However management believes that medium to long-term prospects of the business remains sound.
Management expects to preserve Saipem’s competitive position in the medium term, leveraging on its business
model which is underpinned by an established competitive position in frontier areas, which are traditionally less
exposed to the cyclical nature of this market. In particular, Saipem plans to implement the following strategic
guidelines: (i) to maximize efficiency in all business areas at the same time maintaining top execution and security
standards, preserve competitive supply costs, optimize the utilization rate of the fleet, increase structure flexibility in
order to mitigate the effects of negative business cycles as well as develop and promote a company culture that will
permit identification and management of risks and business opportunities; (ii) to continue focusing on the more
complex and difficult projects in the strategic segments of deepwater, FPSO, heavy crude and LNG (offshore and
onshore, for the gas monetization) upgrading; (iii) to promote local content in terms of employment of local contractors
and assets in strategic countries where large projects are carried out supporting the development of delocalized logistic
hubs and construction yards when requested by clients in order to achieve a long-term consolidation of its market
position in those countries; (iv) to leverage on the capacity to execute internally more phases of large projects on an
77
EPC and EPCI basis, pursuing better control of costs and terms of execution adapting with flexibility to clients’ needs,
thus expanding the Company’s value proposition; and (v) to complete the expansion and revamping program of its
construction and drilling fleet in consideration of the future needs of the oil&gas industry, in order to confirm the
Company’s leading position in the segment of complex projects with high profitability.
Saipem expects to invest approximately ! 2.8 billion over the next four years to complete the upgrading program of
its fleet of vessels and rigs, further expanding the operational features, the dimension and the geographical reach of its
fleet, as well as to support the activities related to the execution of projects in portfolio and the acquisition of new
orders.
Orders acquired amounted to ! 10,653 million as of December 31, 2013 (! 13,391 million as of December 31,
2012), of these projects to be carried out outside Italy represented 94%, while orders from Eni companies amounted to
14% of the total. Order backlog amounted to ! 17,514 million at December 31, 2013 (! 19,739 million at December 31,
2012), of these projects to be carried out outside Italy represented 96%, while orders from Eni companies amounted to
13% of the total.
2011
2012
2013
Orders acquired ........................................................................................
Offshore Engineering & Construction .......................................................
Onshore Engineering & Construction .......................................................
Offshore Drilling .........................................................................................
Onshore Drilling .........................................................................................
Originated by Eni companies .....................................................................
To be carried out outside Italy ...................................................................
Order backlog and breakdown by business .........................................
Offshore Engineering & Construction .......................................................
Onshore Engineering & Construction .......................................................
Offshore Drilling .........................................................................................
Onshore Drilling .........................................................................................
Originated by Eni companies .....................................................................
To be carried out outside Italy ...................................................................
(! million)
(%)
(%)
(! million)
(%)
(%)
6,131
5,006
780
588
7
91
12,505 13,391 10,653
5,777
7,477
2,566
3,972
1,401
1,025
909
917
14
5
94
96
20,417 19,739 17,514
8,447
8,721
4,436
6,701
3,390
3,238
1,241
1,079
13
13
96
91
6,600
9,604
3,301
912
14
91
Offshore Engineering & Construction
Saipem is well positioned in the market of large, complex projects for the development of offshore hydrocarbon
fields leveraging on its technical and operational skills, supported by a technologically-advanced fleet, the ability to
operate in complex environments, and engineering and project management capabilities acquired on the marketplace
over recent years. Saipem intends to consolidate its market share strengthening its EPCI oriented business model and
leveraging on its satisfactory long-term relationships with the major oil companies and National Oil Companies
(NOCs). Higher levels of efficiency and flexibility are expected to be achieved by reaching the technological excellence
and the highest economies of scale in its engineering hubs employing local resources in contexts where this represents a
competitive advantage, integrating in its own business model the direct management of construction process through the
creation of a large construction yard in South-East Asia and revamping/upgrading its construction fleet. Following the
completion of assets expansion program (fleet and yards) which has been carried out in the last years, 2014-2017
Saipem Investment Plan envisages a slowdown. Excluding the new construction yard in Brazil to be completed in 2014,
capital expenditures will be mainly related to fleet maintenance/substitutions, major upgrades on offshore fleet
(including investments to cope with HSE high standards), equipment for the execution of awarded/expected projects
(“project specific”) and investments in strategic areas (“local content”).
Saipem’s offshore construction fleet is made up by 35 vessels and a large number of robotized vehicles able to
perform advanced sub-sea operations. Its major vessels are: (i) the Saipem 7000 semi-submersible dynamic positioned
vessel, with 14 ktonnes of lift capacity, capable to lay pipelines using the J-lay technique to the maximum depth of
3,000 meters; (ii) the Field Development Ship 2 for the development of underwater fields in dynamically positioned
vessel utilized for the development of deep-water fields, capable of launching pipes with a maximum diameter of 36
inches in J-lay mode with a holding capacity of up to 2,000 tonnes. Also capable of operating in S-lay mode with a
lifting capacity of up to 1,000 tonnes; (iii) the Castoro Sei semi-submersible vessel, capable of laying pipes in waters up
to 1,000 meters deep; (iv) the Saipem 3000 self-propelled dynamically positioned derrick crane ship, capable of laying
flexible pipes and umbilicals in deep waters and of lifting structures weighing up to 2,200 tonnes; and (v) the Castorone
self-propelled, dynamically positioned pipe-laying vessel operating in S-lay mode with a 120-meter long S-lay stern
ramp composed of 3 articulated and adjustable stinger sections for shallow and deep-water operation, holding capacity
of up to 750 tonnes (expandable to 1,000 tonnes), pipes size up to 60 inches, onboard fabrication facilities for triple on
double joints and large pipe storage capacity in cargo holds.
78
The most significant orders awarded in 2013 in Offshore Engineering & Construction were: (i) EPCI contract on
behalf of Total Upstream Nigeria Ltd, for the development of the Egina field in Nigeria that includes engineering,
procurement, fabrication, installation and pre-commissioning of subsea pipelines for oil and gas production and gas
export, flexible jumpers and umbilicals; (ii) contract on behalf of Burullus Gas Co for the development of the West
Delta Deep Marine - Phase IXa project, about 90 kilometers off the Mediterranean coast of Egypt. The project is aimed
to the installation of subsea facilities (in water depths up to 850 meters) in the West Delta Deep Marine Concession,
where Saipem had already successfully performed some previous phases of subsea field development; and (iii) EPCI
contract on behalf of ExxonMobil pertaining to the engineering, procurement, fabrication and installation of subsea
pipelines of production and water injection, rigid jumpers and other related subsea structures as part of Kizomba
Satellites Phase 2 project, undertaken in the Angolan offshore.
As part of the Trunkline and Production Flowlines project committed by the North Caspian Sea Production
Sharing Agreement Consortium in Kazakhstan (in which Eni retains an interest of 16.81%), which provided the
engineering, laying and commissioning of pipelines and other facilities, following leakages that were detected in a
section of the onshore pipelines, Saipem was requested by the clients to address the issue under the guarantee. Saipem,
presuming not to be obliged to perform those works, has invited the client to investigate other possible causes of the
issue identified. At present, no dispute is underway between Saipem and the Consortium.
Onshore Engineering & Construction
In the Onshore Engineering & Construction business, Saipem is one of the largest operators on turnkey contract
base at a worldwide level in the oil&gas segment, especially through the acquisition of Snamprogetti. Saipem operates
in the construction of plants for hydrocarbon production (extraction, separation, stabilization, collection of
hydrocarbons, water injection) and treatment (removal and recovery of sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide, fractioning
of gaseous liquids, recovery of condensates) and in the installation of large onshore transport systems (pipelines,
compression stations, terminals). Saipem preserves its own competitiveness through its technology excellence granted
by its engineering hubs, its distinctive know-how in the construction of projects in the high-tech market of LNG and the
management of large parts of engineering activities in cost efficient areas. In the medium term, underpinning upward
trends in the oil service market, Saipem will be focused on taking advantage of the opportunities arising from the
market in the plant and pipeline segments leveraging on its solid competitive position in the realization of complex
projects in the strategic areas of Middle-East, Caspian Sea, Northern and Western Africa and Russia.
The most significant orders awarded in 2013 in Onshore Engineering & Construction were: (i) the EPC contract on
behalf of Dangote Fertilizer for the realization of a new ammonia and urea production complex to be realized in Edo
State, Nigeria. The contract encompasses the construction of two twin production streams and related utilities and
off-site facilities; (ii) the EPC contract on behalf of Star Refinery AS, for the realization of Socar Refinery in Turkey,
encompassing the engineering, procurement and construction of a refinery and three crude refinery jetties, to be built in
the area adjacent to the Petkim Petrochemical facility; and (iii) the EPC contract for Eni related to the improvements to
the storage infrastructure for crude oil of Tempa Rossa field, in Italy.
Offshore Drilling
Saipem is the only engineering and construction contractor that provides also offshore and onshore drilling
services to oil companies. In the Offshore Drilling segment Saipem mainly operates in West Africa, the North Sea,
Mediterranean Sea and the Middle East and boasts significant market positions in the most complex segments of deep
and ultra-deep offshore, leveraging on the outstanding technical features of its drilling platforms and vessels, capable of
drilling exploration and development wells at a maximum depth of 9,200 meters. In parallel, investments are ongoing to
renew and to keep up the production capacity of other fleet equipment (upgrade equipment to the characteristics of
projects or to clients’ needs and purchase of support equipment).
Saipem’s Offshore Drilling fleet consists of 17 vessels fully equipped for its primary operations and some drilling
plants installed on board of fixed offshore platforms. Its major vessels are: the Saipem 12000 and Saipem 10000,
designed to explore and develop hydrocarbon reservoirs operating in excess of 3,600 and 3,000 meter water depth,
respectively in full dynamic positioning. Other relevant vessels are Scarabeo 8 and 9, sixth generation semi-submersible
rigs able to operate at depths of 3,000 and 3,600 meters of water, respectively. Average utilization of drilling vessels in
2013 stood at 100% (100% in 2012).
The most significant orders awarded in 2013 in Offshore drilling were: (i) five-year contract extension with Eni for
the charter of the drillship Saipem 10000 starting from the third quarter of 2014 for worldwide drilling activity
operations; (ii) one-year contract extension on behalf of IEOC, for the utilization of the semi-submersible Scarabeo 4 in
79
Egypt; and (iii) two-year contract extension on behalf of Eni for the charter of the Saipem TAD for drilling activity
offshore Congo.
Onshore Drilling
Saipem operates in this area as a main contractor for the major international oil companies and NOCs executing its
activity mainly in South America, Saudi Arabia, North Africa and, at a lower extent, in Europe. In this area Saipem can
leverage its knowledge of the market, long-term relations with customers and synergies and integration with other
business areas. Saipem boasts a solid track record in remote areas (in particular in the Caspian Sea), leveraging on its
own operational skills and its ability to operate in complex environments.
Average utilization of rigs in 2013 stood at 96% (97.2% in 2012). The 96 rigs (in addition to 1 rigs under
completion) owned by Saipem at year end were located as follows: 28 in Venezuela, 20 in Saudi Arabia, 19 in Peru, 7
in Colombia, 5 in Kazakhstan, 4 in Bolivia, 3 in Ecuador, 2 in Algeria, 2 in Chile, 1 in Congo, 1 in Italy, 1 in Ukraine, 1
in Mauritania, 1 in Turkey and 1 in Morocco and Saipem also used rigs owned by third parties (6 in Peru, 3 in
Kazakhstan, 1 in Ecuador and 1 in Congo), as well as rigs owned by the joint company Saipar.
The most significant orders awarded in 2013 in Onshore drilling were: (i) a contract on behalf of Saudi Aramco for
the lease of 15 facilities for a term ranging from three to five years in Saudi Arabia; and (ii) the contracts for 8 facilities
to be employed in South America, Saudi Arabia, Kazakhstan, Algeria, Mauritania and Italy for periods ranging from 2
months to two years.
Capital expenditures
See “Item 5 – Liquidity and capital resources – Capital expenditures by segment”.
Chemicals
Eni operates in the businesses of olefins and aromatics, basic and intermediate products, polystyrene, elastomers
and polyethylene. Its major production sites are located in Italy and Western Europe. These are predominantly oil-based
businesses with a history of losses and poor growth prospects. In fact, we face structural headwinds in our legacy basic
petrochemical and plastic businesses due to the commoditized nature of our products, low entry barriers, lack of scale,
exposure to the volatility in the costs of oil-based feedstock, cyclicality in demand, and strong competitive pressures
from operators with lower cost structure especially from the Middle and Far East, Asia and other weaknesses. Eni’s
profitability in the petrochemical businesses is particularly sensitive to movements in product margins that are mainly
affected by changes in oil-based feedstock costs and the speed at which product prices adjust to higher oil prices. See
“Item 3 – Risk factors”.
In 2013, the Chemical segment continued to report operating losses which reflected the prolonged demand
weakness due to the economic downturn in Europe and margin pressure due to competition and high crude oil costs.
Management does not expect any improvements in trading environment for the foreseeable future as demand weakness
due to macroeconomic uncertainties, competition from Far East and Middle East producers and high crude oil costs will
affect future results of operations and cash flow.
Against this backdrop, management is seeking to turn around the Company’s chemical operations in order to
reduce its exposure to loss-making lines of business in basic petrochemicals and plastics by further restructuring and
closing unprofitable plants and units and other efficiency initiatives. To reshape our product portfolio we are also
refocusing our efforts and resources on niche segments where we expect to have competitive advantages driven by
proprietary technologies and on the business of green chemicals where we expect to capture opportunities for growth
and profitability. Management believes that the planned initiative to turn around the business will be able by the end of
the plan period to offset structural headwinds in our legacy basic petrochemical and plastic businesses as we expect to
break even by the end of the plan period, assuming no improvement in the scenario.
As part of our turn around strategy, we intend to grow the green chemistry business leveraging on the initiatives
underway. The most important is the restructuring of the Porto Torres plant where we have shut down the production of
basic petrochemicals and we are progressing the construction of new facilities for the production of green chemicals
which are products with an elevated bio-degradability rate and/or produced from raw materials obtained from renewable
sources. Other initiatives include the restructuring of the loss-making Porto Marghera cracking unit where Eni expects
80
to invest ! 200 million focused on the optimization and reorganization of cracker utilities, with significant energy
savings, and on the new initiative of green chemistry. An innovative green chemistry project will be launched at Porto
Marghera in partnership with the U.S. company Elevance Renewable Science Inc, whereby the two partners will jointly
develop world-scale plants based on a new technology for the production of bio-chemical intermediates and vegetable
oils for sectors with high added value applications such as detergents, bio-lubricants and chemicals for the oil industry.
The project will take advantage of existing infrastructures.
Eni also intends to grow the production and sales of elastomers and other niche products where we believe we
retain a competitive advantage due to our proprietary technologies. As part of this plan, we have recently signed
strategic alliances with industrial operators in Malaysia and South Korea to build and operate plants for the production
of elastomers which will destined to the growing East Asian consumer markets. To better differentiate our elastomers
and to reduce the production costs in 2013, we signed strategic partnerships with U.S. operators Genomatica and Yulex
in order to jointly develop and license new technologies for the manufacturing on an industrial scale of elastomers
based on renewable feedstock and other vegetable, non-food stuff.
The Company will also continue to leverage on efficiency actions to reduce operating costs and on the
rationalization program of our plants in order to improve yields and efficiency, restructuring unprofitable sites, in
particular cutting the Company’s ethylene and polyethylene capacity.
Management plans to make selective capital expenditures amounting to approximately ! 1.9 billion over the next
four year. The main investment will target the conversion of the Porto Torres unit in Sardinia, Italy, into an innovative
bio-based chemical complex to produce bio-plastics and other bio-based chemical products, and the Porto Marghera
project. In addition, the Company plans to develop the elastomers businesses by contributing to the agreed joint
ventures projects in East Asia, upgrade and revamp the Company’s cracking units as well as complying with all
applicable regulations on environment, health and safety issues.
In 2013, sales of chemical products (3,785 ktonnes) decreased by 168 ktonnes from 2012 (down by 4.3%) against
of backdrop of weakness demand reflecting the current economic downturn in the main reference markets. The steepest
decline was registered in elastomers (down by 9.7%) and in intermediates (down by 4.2%). Lower reduction was
reported in polyethylene (down by 3%) and in styrenes (down by 2.9%).
Chemical production (5,817 ktonnes) decreased by 273 ktonnes from 2012, or 4.5%. This was mainly due to a
decrease in elastomers (down by 11%). Lower decreases were registered in styrenes (down by 2.8%), in polyethylene
(down by 6%) and in intermediates (down by 3.7%). The main decreases in production were registered at the Priolo
plant (down by 8.4%) due to the planned standstill of olefin cracking plant and the definitive shutdown of Ragusa
polyethylene plant (down by 12.5%) due to lower volumes of polyethylene. These reductions were partly offset by
higher production at Sarroch (up by 11.6%), which in 2012 was impacted by the standstill for the planned upkeeping as
well as higher levels of benzene and xiloli production.
Outside Italy, production decreased at the Dunkerque site (down by 5.3%) driven by the weakness of polyethylene
market as well as planned standstill in the second half of the year. Nominal capacity of plants declined from the
previous year due to the shutdown of Ragusa plant, while the average plant utilization rate, calculated on nominal
capacity, was 65.3% (66.7% in 2012).
The table below sets forth Eni’s main chemical products availability for the periods indicated.
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
(ktonnes)
Intermediates ..........................................................................................................................
Polymers .................................................................................................................................
3,624
2,621
3,595
2,495
3,462
2,355
Total production ...................................................................................................................
6,245
6,090
5,817
Consumption and losses .......................................................................................................
Purchases and change in inventories ....................................................................................
(2,631)
426
4,040
(2,545)
408
3,953
(2,394)
362
3,785
81
The table below sets forth Eni’s main petrochemical products revenues for the periods indicated.
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
((cid:1) million)
Intermediates ..........................................................................................................................
Polymers .................................................................................................................................
Other revenues .......................................................................................................................
2,987
3,299
205
3,050
3,188
180
2,709
2,933
217
Total revenues ......................................................................................................................
6,491
6,418
5,859
Intermediates
Intermediates revenues (! 2,709 million) decreased by ! 341 million from 2012 (down by 11.2%) reflecting
decreased volumes sold (down by 4.2%) and average unit prices (down by 1.9%), with different trends in each business:
in the olefins sales volumes of ethylene decreased (down by 4%) due to the planned standstill at the Priolo plant and
lower consumption, with prices slightly decreasing compared to previous year, while butadiene volumes reported a
sharp decrease (down by 38%) driven by the weakness of elastomers market and the reduced average prices by 23%
reflecting the consumption crisis. In aromatics, benzene sales volumes registered a decline of 7.4%, while xylene
volumes increased by 7.5%, with average prices in line with 2012. Revenues from derivatives declined mainly due to
lower volumes of phenol/derivatives (down by 3.6%) due to lower availability of product following planned downtime
at the Mantova plant, partly offset by 1.4% increase in average sale prices.
Intermediates production (3,462 ktonnes) registered a decrease from the last year (down by 133 ktonnes, or 3.7%)
due to reductions in olefins (down by 5.7%) and in derivatives (down by 2.4%) driven by lower utilization of Priolo
cracking plant and lower production of butadiene (down by 10.3%) affected by the planned facility downtimes at the
Brindisi and Ravenna plants.
These reductions were partly offset by higher aromatics production (up by 3% compared to the previous year) due
to higher xylene production.
Polymers
Polymers revenues (! 2,933 million) decreased by ! 255 million from 2012, or by 8%, due to average unit prices
decreasing by 19% and lower elastomers sale volumes (down by 9.7%) due to the significant decrease in demand from
the tire and automotive industry.
This negative performance was partly offset by higher average prices of styrene (up by 7.5%) and polyethylene (up
by 1%) mainly registered in the last part of 2013.
Polymer production (2,356 ktonnes) decreased by 140 ktonnes from 2012 (down by 5.6%), due mainly to a decline
in production at the Ravenna plant and at English sites (Hythe and Grangemouth).
Capital expenditures
See “Item 5 – Liquidity and capital resources – Capital expenditures by segment”.
Corporate and Other activities
These activities include the following businesses:
•
the “Other activities” segment comprises results of operations of Eni’s subsidiary Syndial which runs minor
petrochemical activities and reclamation and decommissioning activities pertaining to certain businesses
which Eni exited, divested or shut down in past years; and
the “Corporate and financial companies” segment comprises results of operations of Eni’s headquarters and
certain Eni subsidiaries engaged in treasury, finance and other general and business support services. Eni’s
•
82
headquarters is a department of the parent company Eni SpA and performs Group strategic planning, human
resources management, finance, administration, information technology, legal affairs, international affairs and
corporate research and development functions. Through Eni’s subsidiaries Eni Adfin SpA, Eni Finance
International SA, Banque Eni SA, Eni International BV, Eni Finance USA Inc and Eni Insurance Ltd, Eni
carries out cash management activities lending, factoring, leasing, financing Eni’s projects around the world
and insurance activities, principally on an intercompany basis. EniServizi, Eni Corporate University, AGI and
other minor subsidiaries are engaged in providing Group companies with diversified services (mainly services
including training, business support, real estate and general purposes services to Group companies).
Management does not consider Eni’s activities in these areas to be material to its overall operations.
Seasonality
Eni’s results of operations reflect the seasonality in demand for natural gas and certain refined products used in
residential space heating, the demand for which is typically highest in the first quarter of the year, which includes the
coldest months and lowest in the third quarter, which includes the warmest months. Moreover, year-to-year
comparability of results of operations is affected by weather conditions affecting demand for gas and other refined
products in residential space heating. In colder years that are characterized by lower temperatures than historical
average temperatures, demand for gas and products is typically higher than normal consumption patterns, and vice
versa.
Research and development
Technological research and development (R&D) and continuous innovation represent key success factors in
implementing Eni’s business strategies as they support our long-term competitive performance.
The Company believes that the oil&gas industry will continue to face several challenges which are far to be
solved:
•
•
•
•
uncertainty about oil&gas prices and demand;
limited access to new hydrocarbon resources, with increasing role of “difficult” oil&gas basins;
attention to a more efficient exploitation of renewable sources for energy production; and
last but not the least, safety of operations as a crucial point for business success.
In order to address the above challenges, Eni will strongly pursue the following technological targets in the next
future:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
increasing the capability to exploit deepwater fields (deeper than 3,000 m) as well as arctic and
unconventional assets;
scale up of innovative technologies aimed at increasing operational safety, with particular respect to the
upstream sector;
assessing the impact of innovative small-scale LNG technologies on gas consumption increase both in the
industrial and commercial sectors;
enhancing technological developments for the efficient use of energy in mid and retail markets
(co-generation, energy storage, smart metering and integration with renewable energy sources);
scale up of proprietary technologies in downstream oil (e.g. T-Sand, Zero Waste);
defining the best technological solutions for the conversion of 2nd generation bio-mass into bio-diesel at
Venice refinery;
development of innovative technologies for the efficient conversion of bio-mass into polymers, elastomers
and other renewable chemical products; and
development of innovative environmental technologies for in situ bio-remediation.
In 2013, Eni filed 59 patent applications (74 in 2012), 36 of these coming from Eni’s segments and Eni Corporate,
9 from Versalis and 14 from Saipem.
In 2013, Eni’s overall expenditure in R&D amounted to ! 197 million which were almost entirely expensed as
incurred (! 211 million in 2012 and ! 190 million in 2011).
In February 2013, the agreement between Eni and MIT was renewed for 4 years and a total amount of at least $20
million.
At December 31, 2013, a total of 986 persons were employed in research and development activities.
83
Below, we describe the main results achieved in the development and application of innovative technologies in
2013.
Exploration & Production
- e-rabbit™. The proprietary computation code based on genetic algorithms is able to address operational
interferences in complex production systems. The implementation of this code at Val d’Agri field in Italy allowed to
increase the hydrocarbon production by 2%.
- extreme-lean profile (x-lpTM). The proprietary drilling technology allows a faster rock penetration as well as the
reduction of drilling debris by 50% and of cement for well-casing by 30%. This technology was applied in 2013 for the
construction of seven wells on the EPC-4 island in Kazakhstan.
- eni-Depth Velocity Analysis (e-dva™). The discovery of the gas field “Mamba” in Mozambique leveraged on the
implementation of the new proprietary workflow which combines the study of anisotropy with data processing and the
analysis of seismic signal amplitude.
Gas & Power
- Eni Kassandra Meteo Forecast (e-kmTM). Since 2009, Eni has been developing a short long-term proprietary
meteorological forecast system in collaboration with Epson Meteo, which can be used for managing energy resources
and improving the power generation process. This system for forecasting temperatures trend on global and regional
scale, from 1 to 90 days, provides an innovative solution towards statistical systems. In 2013, the system was further
developed to expand the geographical coverage in Europe (Italy, Belgium, Germany and France), and it was used by all
EniPower’s power plants for their thermo-electric production.
- Eni Vibroacoustic Pipeline Monitoring System (e-vpms™). The Eni proprietary technology allows a continuous
detection of third-party intrusions and leaks in fluid-filled pipelines (gas, water, crude oil and refinery products
pipeline) by a remote control station. In 2013, the technology was successfully implemented also in Eni’s Exploration
& Production and Refining & Marketing contexts.
Refining & Marketing
- Eni Slurry Technology (EST). In 2013, the first EST industrial plant began to operate at Eni’s Sannazzaro de’
Burgondi refinery. The R&D activities supported the optimization of input selection and output production. Eni also
evaluated the possibility to license out the technology to other oil companies interested into EST implementation at their
own refineries or into the enhancement of heavy oil reserves. At the same time, the development of the proprietary
Slurry Dual-Catalyst technology continued for the selection of two combined catalysts able to improve EST
performance, in terms of product quality and cost reduction.
- T-Sand. In 2013, Eni carried on the development of this innovative catalytic system for hydrotreating/
dearomatization which allows the production of high quality gasoil, with low poly-aromatic content and particulate
emissions. The technology industrial test run will take place at Gela refinery in the first half of 2014.
- Zero Waste. The technology is based on a thermal process for the treatment of industrial oily and biological
residues generated by the petroleum industry production activities. The process was validated on a pilot scale plant. The
main environmental benefits obtained are: (i) a reduction of the waste to be disposed higher than 90%; and (ii) a
production of a syngas capable both to thermally self-support the process and (in case of surplus with respect to the
self-sustaining) to recover hydrocarbons from the sludge. The first prototype based on this technology, with a capacity
of 2 tonnes/h, is under construction at Eni’s Gela refinery.
Versalis
- Joint venture with Genomatica for the conversion of renewable bio-mass into butadiene. In April 2013, Versalis
and Genomatica signed a joint-venture agreement for the development of a proprietary technology for the conversion of
non-food bio-mass into butadiene. The new joint venture will hold exclusive rights on the use of the technology in
Europe, Asia and Africa. The future licensees, including Versalis, will be responsible for the capital expenditure needed
to build up proprietary plants, operation management, use and sales of produced butadiene.
84
- Agreement with Pirelli for joint R&D activities on the use of natural rubber from guayule for tires production. In
March 2013, Versalis and Pirelli signed an important Memorandum of Understanding aimed at starting a joint research
project lasting three years during which Versalis will provide innovative kinds of rubbers produced from guayule. These
rubbers will be tested by Pirelli targeting tires production.
Eni Corporate
- Conversion of bio-mass into bio-diesel. In 2013, Eni Corporate and Refining & Marketing Division started a
collaboration to implement the proprietary technology for bio-mass conversion into 2nd generation bio-fuels at Venice
bio-refinery.
- Environment. Eni is about to complete the construction of its “technology laboratory” leveraging on in-house
tools and know-how for a better definition of the remediation plan of contaminated sites, in order to increase the value
added by Syndial’s activities.
Insurance
In order to control the insurance costs incurred by each of Eni’s business units, the Company constantly assesses
its risk exposure in both Italian and foreign activities. The Company has established a captive subsidiary, Eni Insurance
Ltd, in order to efficiently manage transactions with mutual entities and third parties providing insurance policies.
Internal insurance risk managers work in close contact with business units in order to assess potential underlying
business and other types of risks and possible financial impacts on the Group results of operations and liquidity. This
process allows Eni to accept risks in consideration of results of technical and risk mitigation standards and practices, to
define the appropriate level of risk retention and, finally, the amount of risk to be transferred to the market.
Eni enters into insurance arrangements through its shareholding in the Oil Insurance Ltd (OIL) and with other
insurance partners in order to limit possible economic impacts associated with damages to both third parties and the
environment occurring in case of both onshore and offshore accidents. The main part of this insurance portfolio is
related to operating risks associated with oil&gas operations which are insured making use of insurance policies
provided by the OIL, a mutual insurance and re-insurance company that provides its members a broad coverage of
insurance services tailored to the specific requirements of oil and energy companies. In addition, Eni makes recourse to
insurance companies who we believe are established in the marketplace. Insured liabilities vary depending on the nature
and type of circumstances; however underlying amounts represent significant shares of the plafond granted by insuring
companies. In particular, in the case of oil spills and other environmental damage, current insurance policies cover costs
of cleaning-up and remediating polluted sites, damage to third parties and containment of physical damage up to $1.1
billion for offshore events and $1.5 billion for onshore plants (refineries). These are complemented by insurance
policies that cover owners, operators and renters of vessels with the following maximum amounts: $1 billion for the
fleet owned by the subsidiary LNG Shipping in the Gas & Power segment and FPSOs used by the Exploration
& Production segment for developing offshore fields; $500 million for time charters.
Management believes that the level of insurance maintained by Eni is generally appropriate for the risks of its
businesses. However considering the limited capacity of the insurance market, we believe that Eni could be exposed to
material uninsured losses in case of catastrophic incidents, like the one occurred in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 which
could have a material impact on our results and liquidity. See “Item 3 – Risk factors – Risk associated with the
exploration & production of oil and natural gas”.
Environmental matters
Environmental regulation
Eni is subject to numerous EU, international, national, regional and local environmental, health and safety laws
and regulations concerning its oil and gas operations, products and other activities, including legislation that implements
international conventions or protocols. In particular, these laws and regulations require the acquisition of a permit
before drilling for hydrocarbons may commence, restrict the types, quantities and concentration of various substances
that can be released into the environment in connection with exploration, drilling and production activities, limit or
prohibit drilling activities on certain protected areas, provide for measures to be taken to protect the safety of the
workplace and health of communities affected by the Company’s activities, and impose criminal or civil liabilities for
pollution resulting from oil, natural gas, refining and petrochemical operations. These laws and regulations may also
restrict emissions and discharges to surface and subsurface water resulting from the operation of natural gas processing
plants, petrochemical plants, refineries, pipeline systems and other facilities that Eni owns. In addition, Eni’s operations
85
are subject to laws and regulations relating to the production, handling, transportation, storage, disposal and treatment
of waste materials. Environmental laws and regulations have a substantial impact on Eni’s operations. Some risk of
environmental costs and liabilities is inherent in certain operations and products of Eni, and there can be no assurance
that material costs and liabilities will not be incurred. See “Item 3 – Risk factors”.
We believe that the Company will continue incurring significant amounts of expenses to comply with pending
regulations in the matter of environmental, health and safety protection and safeguard, particularly to achieve any
mandatory or voluntary reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere and cope with climate
change.
A brief description of major environmental, health and safety laws impacting Eni’s activities located in Italy and
European Union is outlined below.
Italy
The Italian Environmental Code approved by Legislative Decree No. 152 of April 3, 2006, sets up the basic rules
for environmental protection regulating: the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIAs), the Integrated Prevention and
Pollution Control (IPPC), procedures for Strategic Environment Assessment, soil and water protection, air pollution and
reduction of emissions, waste management and remediation of contaminated sites, environmental liability and
sustainable development. Particularly, the Environmental Code requires that reclamation and remediation activities be
performed on the basis of a site-specific risk-based approach to determine objectives of reclamation and remediation
projects, cost-effective analysis to evaluate remediation solutions, and criteria for waste classification. In 2012, the
application of the Integrated Environmental permit under IPPC regulation was extended to all off-shore Italian
platforms.
Legislative Decree No. 231 of June 8, 2001, as amended by Legislative Decree No. 121 of July 7, 2011, which
provides for monetary sanctions for legal entities in cases of criminal offences concerning the environment. This decree
introduced into Italian law the liability of legal entities in relation to the crimes committed by employees against the
environment. Particularly, the Italian legislator broadened the scope of corporations’ liabilities for the crimes committed
by employees to include crimes relating the illicit discharge of industrial waste water, violations in reporting, record
keeping and other omitted evidence in the matter of waste, unauthorized waste management, illegal trafficking of waste,
as well as crimes relating the application in Italy of the Convention on International Trade in animal and plant species
threatened with extinction, violations of measures intended to protect stratospheric ozone and the environment and
pollution caused by ships.
Decree No. 155/2010 adopted in the Italian law the European prescriptions on ambient air quality, established by
the Directive No. 2008/50/EC. Its main innovation is the definition of monitoring criteria and emission limits for fine
particulate substances (PM 2.5), to be achieved by January 1, 2015. On February 12, 2013, Legislative Decree
No. 250/2012 amending Legislative Decree No. 155/2010 transposing Directive No. 250/2008/EC on air quality entered
in force. The changes introduced by the new decree were necessary to overcome some critical points appeared in the
first phase of application of the new discipline and to better regulate the relations with local governments and to better
define the role of the Institute for Environmental Protection and Research.
Italy has regulated the Emission Trading System by Legislative Decree No. 30 of March 13, 2013, transposing
requirements of Directive No. 2009/29/EC (amending Directive No. 2003/87/EC to extend the Community trading
system of CO2 emission). The cited Decree replaces the former Decree No. 216/2006.
Decree No. 101/2013, Article 11, reviewed the legislative framework on SISTRI, an automated tracking system of
hazardous waste, which aims at real time monitoring of the routes of wastes and at prosecuting any unlawful act in
waste management: according to Decree No. 101/2013, SISTRI entered into force partially on October 1, 2013. The
period until December 31, 2014 will be experimental, since the previous obligations shall remain mandatory, while the
sanctions for SISTRI shall be applied only from January 1, 2015. An important revision of the SISTRI regulations
should take place by 2014.
Legislative Decree No. 81/2008 concerned the protection of health and safety in the workplace and was designed
to regulate the work environments, equipments and individual protection devices, physical agents (noise, mechanical
vibrations, electromagnetic fields, optical radiations, etc.), dangerous substances (chemical agents, carcinogenic
substances, etc.), biological agents and explosive atmosphere, the system of signs, video terminals. Eni worked on the
implementation of the general framework regulations on health and safety concerning prevention and protection of
workers at national and European level to be applied to all kinds of workers and employees.
Italian local authorities are appealing more often to Health Impact Assessment (HIA) and are integrating this
procedure with Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Impact Assessment (SIA). During 2012, a strong
correlation has been observed between health issues and environmental aspects. In fact, various HIA, SIA and EIA
86
methodologies are being developed as a unique regulation (e.g. “Cervellera Law” in Puglia Region). In August 2013,
has been published in the official journal, April 24, 2013 Decree establishing the methodological criteria for preparing
the reports of health damage assessment (VDS) in implementation of Decree ILVA (Law Decree No. 207/2012
converted Law No. 231/2012). Eni is involved in an internal multidisciplinary project on health and environmental
assessment of plants impacts.
The complexity and scale of situations and contexts where Eni is operating requires the adoption of business
processes, guidelines and principles for improving its performance in health and prevention. To this end Eni upholds:
•
•
•
•
•
clear policies;
an ethical code;
endorsement of international conventions and principles;
guidelines and procedures; and
sharing of knowledge.
European Union
On June 21, 2012, the Commission adopted two Regulations on monitoring and reporting of GHG emissions and
on verification and accreditation of verifiers under the EU Emissions Trading System. Both Regulations form part of
the set of implementing rules for the third trading period of the EU ETS and entered in force in January 2013.
On July 20, 2012, Regulation EU No. 530/2012 on the accelerated phasing-in of double-hull or equivalent design
requirements for single-hull oil tankers entered in force. The new Regulation prohibits the transport to or from EU ports
of heavy grades of oil in single-hull oil tankers as decided by the Marpol Convention 73/78.
On March 12, 2014, the European parliament gave its final approval on a new EIA Directive (Environmental
Impact Assessment). The scope of the new directive is to facilitate the assessment of potential impacts, without
weakening existing environmental safeguards and to reinforce the decision-making process and improve current levels
of environmental protection. Moreover a new document updates EIA with emerging challenges in areas like resource
efficiency, climate change, bio-diversity and disaster prevention that will be reflected in the assessment process. The
new directive should be soon formally approved on the Council of the European Ministers and published in the Official
Journal.
On December 20, 2013, the European parliament, Commission and the technical committee have achieved a
compromised agreement on the text for the new EIA Directive. The new text intends to facilitate the assessment of
potential impacts, without weakening existing environmental safeguards and to reinforce the decision-making process
and improve current levels of environmental protection. Moreover, a new document updates EIA with emerging
challenges in areas like resource efficiency, climate change, bio-diversity and disaster prevention that will be reflected
in the assessment process. In particular, a revised directive introduces in the list of made subject to EIA exploration and
hydraulic fracturing extraction activities for non-conventional hydrocarbons (shale gas and oil, ‘tight gas’, ‘coal bed
methane’), regardless of the amount extracted. The compromise agreement means that the text now will be formally
approved by the European Parliament by May 2014.
On December 18, 2013, European Commission has adopted a Clean Air Policy Package for Europe that updates
existing legislation and further reduces harmful emissions from industry, traffic, energy plants and agriculture, with a
view to reducing their impact on human health and the environment. The package introduces measures to ensure that
existing targets are met in the short term, and new air quality objectives for the period up to 2030. The package also
includes support measures to help cut air pollution, with a focus on improving air quality in cities, supporting research
and innovation, and promoting international cooperation. In addition, the new EU air policy proposes to revise National
Emission Ceilings Directive with stricter national emission ceilings for the six main pollutants and a proposal for new
Directive to reduce pollution from medium-sized combustion installations, such as energy plants for street blocks or
large buildings, and small industry installations.
On December 18, 2013, European Parliament and Council have achieved an agreement on a draft regulation on
fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases). The agreed regulation will allow to reduce F-gas emissions by two-thirds of
today’s levels by 2030. It establishes rules regarding containment, use, recovery and destruction of those gases. In
addition, the new law imposes conditions on the placing on the market of products and equipment containing or relying
upon F-gases, whilst setting out quantitative limits for the placing on the market of hydrofluorocarbons (HFC).
On September 13, 2013, has entered in force a new directive on monitoring priority substances in water (directive
2013/39/EU). According to the new directive, twelve new substances were added to the list of the priority substances,
and there will be stricter standards for seven substances already on the list.
In January 2014, the European Commission published Recommendation of minimum requirements on shale gas to
ensure that proper environmental and climate safeguards are in place for “fracking”. The Recommendation should help
87
all Member States wishing to use this practice address health and environmental risks and improve transparency for
citizens.
On January 1, 2013, as required by the Directive No. 2009/29/EC, started the third period of EU-ETS (2013-2020).
On March 27, 2013, the European Commission adopted the Green Paper on 2030 framework for climate and
energy policies “COM(2013) 169” with the aim of starting the debate about the long-term policy perspectives of
Europe. On the same day a public consultation was launched and has been run until July 2, 2013.
On June 28, 2013, the European Commission set out a strategy for progressively integrating maritime emissions
into the EU’s policy for reducing its domestic GHG emissions “COM(2013) 479 final”. At the same time the
Commission put forward a legislative proposal “COM(2013) 480 final” to establish an EU system for Monitoring,
Reporting and Verifying (MRV) emissions from large ships using EU ports. The Commission proposes that the MRV
system apply to shipping activities carried out from January 1, 2018. To become law, the proposal requires approval by
the European Parliament and Council.
On September 5, 2013, the European Commission adopted two Decision related to the third phase functioning of
EU-ETS: Decision No. 2013/447/EU, that set out the Standard Capacity Utilization Factors per each product benchmark
listed Annex I to Decision No. 2011/278/EU, and Decision No. 2013/448/EU, that introduce the values of Cross
Sectoral Correction Factor (CSCF) for each year of the third period EU-ETS. The CSCF is a coefficient aimed to
decrease the amount of free industrial allocation in order to maintain the total amount of free quotas above a predefined
cap (so-called industrial cap).
On January 22, 2014, following the stakeholders’ responses to the public consultation on Green Paper, the
European Commission adopted the White Paper on a policy framework for climate and energy “COM(2014) 15” in the
period from 2020 to 2030. The current proposal contains a GHG domestic reduction target of -40% versus 1990 level,
an objective of increasing the share of renewable energy to at least 27% of the EU’s energy consumption by 2030 and
qualitative targets on energy efficiency. In the same package the European Commission proposes also to establish from
2021 a so-called Market Stability Reserve “COM(2014) 20” on the Emission Trading Scheme, to address the surplus
that has built up in recent years.
On January 25, 2014, in the context of Emission Trading Scheme, was adopted the Regulation No. 176/2014, that
postpone the auctioning of 900 million allowances until 2019-2020. In 2014, the total European auction volume will be
reduced by 400 million allowances, in 2015 by 300 million, and in 2016 by 200 million. This short-term measure is
aimed at rebalancing the supply and the demand of the European carbon market. This measure was made possible after
the amendment of the ETS Directive approved in December 2013 (Decision No. 1359/2013/EU), which clarifies that
the timing of allowances auctions may be changed to ensure the orderly functioning of the carbon market.
On December 4, 2012, the European Union Directive No. 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency entered in force; it
establishes a common framework of measures for the promotion of energy efficiency within the Union in order to
ensure the achievement of the EU’s 20-20-20 headline target on energy efficiency. New measures include a legal
definition and quantification of the EU energy efficiency target. The Member States are obliged to set an indicative
national energy efficiency target, to establish an obligation for large enterprises to carry out an energy audit at least
every four years. The Directive gives also indications to improve efficiency in power generation.
The Directive is a game-changer for energy distributors or all retail energy sales companies, which are now
required to achieve 1.5% energy savings every year among their final clients. Most of provisions of the Directive will
have to be implemented by the EU Member States by June 5, 2014.
On June 1, 2007, the REACH regulation of the European Union (EC No. 1907/2006 of December 18, 2006)
entered into force. REACH stands for Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals and was
adopted to improve the protection of human health, safety and the environment from the risks that can be posed by
chemicals, while enhancing the competitiveness of the EU chemical industry. It also promotes alternative methods for
the assessment of hazardous substances in order to reduce the number of tests on animals. REACH places the burden of
proof on companies. To comply with the regulation, companies must identify and manage the risks linked to the
substances they manufacture and market in the EU. They have to demonstrate to European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
how the substance can be safely used and they must communicate the risk management measures to the users. If the
risks cannot be managed, authorities can restrict the use of substances in different ways. Over time, the hazardous
substances should be substituted with less dangerous ones. The deadline of REACH registration depends on the tonnage
band of a substance and the classification of a substance; next and last deadline is 2018. Eni recognizes the importance
of the Regulation REACH (CE) 1907/2006, the general principles of which are already an intrinsic part of the
Company’s commitment to sustainability and are an integral part of the culture and history of the Company. The
compliance with the REACH requirements and the involvement of all the interested parties in the Company are
coordinated and supervised by the HSEQ function. In particular, Eni is involved in the registration of substances and
compounds to ECHA that regards a complex series of information about the characteristics of such substances and their
88
uses and in another fundamental aspects that concerns the exchange of information between producers and importers, as
well as the users of chemical substances (“downstream users”).
The CLP Regulation (Classification, Labeling and Packaging) entered into force in January 2009 (Regulation EC
No. 1272/2008 on the classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures), and the method of classifying
and labeling chemicals introduced is based on the United Nations’ Globally Harmonized System. The Regulation will
replace two previous pieces of legislation, the Dangerous Substances Directive and the Dangerous Preparations
Directive. There is a transition period until 2015. The CLP Regulation ensures that the hazards presented by chemicals
are clearly communicated to workers and consumers in the European Union through classification and labeling of
chemicals. Before placing chemicals on the market, the industry must establish the potential risks to human health and
the environment of such substances and mixtures, classifying them in line with the identified hazards. The hazardous
chemicals also have to be labeled according to a standardized system so that workers and consumers know about their
effects before they handle them.
On December 17, 2010, the Directive No. 2010/75/EC on industrial emissions (IED) was published in the Official
Journal of the European Union No. 334. The objective of the new Directive is to avoid or to minimize polluting
emissions in the atmosphere, water and soil, as well as waste from industrial and agricultural installations, and to
achieve a high level of environmental and health protection. The Directive brings together the IPPC Directive (Directive
No. 2008/1/EC) and six other sector-specific Directives (Large Combustion Plants, VOC – Volatile Organic
Compounds – emissions, incineration of waste and titanium industry). The Directive contains special provisions for the
combustion plants with thermal input below 50 MW. Any industrial installation which carries out the activities listed in
Annex I must meet certain obligations, as preventive measures taken against pollution, minimum emission values, apply
the Best Available Techniques (BAT), monitoring rules and permit and reporting conditions. The Article 14 of the new
Directive defines the permit necessary measures (as emission limit values for polluting substances, rules guaranteeing
protecting of soil, water and air, suitable emission monitoring measures, waste monitoring and management measures,
communication of monitoring results to the competent national authorities, requirements concerning the maintenance
and surveillance of soil and groundwater, measures relating to exceptional circumstances as leaks, malfunctions,
momentary or definitive stoppages, etc.). The Directive defines more restricting emission limits to be observed by the
end of 2012, although includes some derogation, as the Transitional National Plan (TNP) and the option Opt-Out for
those installations that are going to shut down their operations by 2023. On February 28, 2011, the European IPPC
Bureau (EIPPCB) started the review process of the Reference Documents on Best Available Techniques for Large
Combustion Plants “BREF-LCP” and in 2012 the consultation process was completed. On February 10, 2012, the
Commission approved an implementing Decision No. 2012/119/EU laying down rules concerning guidance on the
collection of data and on the drawing up of BAT reference documents and on their quality assurance referred to in
Directive No. 2010/75/EU. Also in February 2012, the Commission implementing decision laying down rules
concerning the transitional national plans referred to in Directive No. 2010/75/EU was published. Moreover in 2012, the
EIPPCB published the Draft 2 Refining Bref and related BAT conclusion, which will be completed by the end of 2013
with the BAT conclusion. The Member States have to transpose the IED Directive into national legislation by
December 2012. The Italian Government will adopt the IED directive into the Legislative Decree No. 152/2006
“Environment Regulation”.
Following the incident at the Macondo well in the Gulf of Mexico the U.S. Government and other governments
have adopted more stringent regulations targeting safety and reliable oil and gas operations in the United States and
elsewhere, particularly relating to environmental and health and safety protection controls and oversight of drilling
operations, as well as access to new drilling areas. Italian Authorities as well have passed legislation with Law Decree
No. 128 on June 29, 2010 that introduces certain restrictions to activities for exploring and producing hydrocarbons,
that have been confirmed and further geographically limited by the successive Law Decree No. 134 of August 7, 2012
and by the Ministerial Decree of September 4, 2013.
Also the European institutions have increased their activities in the area of environmental protection in the field of
hydrocarbon extraction.
At European level on June 12, 2013, the Directive No. 2013/30/EU has been issued with the purpose to replace the
existing National Legislations and uniform the legislative approach at European level. The main elements of the EU
directive are the following:
•
•
The Directive introduces licensing rules for effective prevention of and response to a major accident. The
licensing authority in Member States will have to make sure that only operators with proven technical and
financial capacities are allowed to explore and produce oil and gas in EU waters. Public participation is
expected before exploratory drilling starts in previously un-drilled areas.
Independent national competent authorities, responsible for the safety of installations, will verify the
provisions for safety, environmental protection, and emergency preparedness of rigs and platforms and the
operations conducted on them. Enforcement actions and penalties will be implemented if companies do not
respect the minimum standards.
• Obligatory emergency planning calls for companies to prepare reports on major hazards, containing an
individual risk assessment and risk-control measures, and an emergency response plan before exploration or
production begins. These plans will need to be submitted to national authorities.
89
•
•
•
Technical solutions presented by the operator need to be verified independently prior to and periodically after
the installation is taken into operation.
Companies will publish on their websites information about standards of performance of the industry and the
activities of the national competent authorities. The confidentiality of whistle-blowers will be protected.
Operators will be requested to submit reports of incidents overseas to enable key safety lessons to be studied.
Companies will prepare emergency response plans based on their rig or platform risk assessments and keep
resources at hand to be able to put them into operation when necessary. EU Member States will likewise take
full account of these plans when they compile national emergency plans. The plans will be periodically tested
by the industry and national authorities.
• Oil and gas companies will be fully liable for environmental damage caused to the protected marine species
and natural habitats. For damage to waters, the geographical zone will be extended to cover all EU waters
including the exclusive economic zone (about 370 km from the coast) and the continental shelf, where the
coastal Member States exercise jurisdiction. For water damage, the present EU legal framework for
environmental liability is restricted to territorial waters (about 22 km offshore).
• Offshore inspectors from Member States will work together to ensure effective sharing of best practices and
•
contribute to developing and improving safety standards.
The EU Commission will work with its international partners to promote the implementation of the highest
safety standards across the world. Operators working in the EU will be expected to demonstrate they apply the
same accident-prevention policies overseas as they apply in their EU operations.
Adoption of stricter regulation both at national and European or international level and the expected evolution in
industrial practices would trigger cost increases to comply with new HSE standards. Eni exploration and development
plans to produce hydrocarbons reserves and drilling programs could also be affected by changing HSE regulations and
industrial practices. Lastly, the Company expects that production royalties and income taxes in the oil&gas industry will
likely increase in future years.
Moreover, in order to achieve the highest safety standards of our operations in the Gulf of Mexico, Eni entered into
a consortium led by Helix that worked at the containment of the oil spill at the Macondo well. The Helix Fast Response
System performs certain activities associated with underwater containment of erupting wells, evacuation of
hydrocarbon on the sea surface, storage and transport to the coastline.
As to major accidents, the Seveso III (Directive No. 2012/18/EU) was adopted on July 4, 2012 and entered into
force on August 13, 2012. Member States have to transpose and implement the Directive by June 1, 2015.
The main changes in comparison to the previous Seveso Directive are:
•
technical updates to take into account the changes in EU chemical classification, mainly regarding the 2008
European CLP Regulation of substances and mixtures;
expanded public information about risks resulting from Company activities;
•
• modified rules in participation by the public in land-use planning projects related to Seveso plants; and
•
stricter standards for inspections of Seveso establishments.
Eni is starting the initial activities aimed at guaranteeing the compliance of its own industrial sites.
HSE activity for the year 2013
Eni is committed to continuously improve its model for managing health, safety and environment issues across all
its businesses in order to minimize risks associated with its industrial activities, ensure reliability of its industrial
operations and comply with all applicable rules and regulations.
In 2013, Eni’s business units continued to obtain certifications of their management systems, industrial
installations and operating units according to the most stringent international standards. The total number of
certifications achieved was 350 (340 in 2012), of which 112 certifications according to the ISO 14001 standard, 10
registrations according to the EMAS regulation (EMAS is the Environmental Management and Audit Scheme
recognized by the European Union), 8 certifications according to the ISO 50001 standard (certification for an energy
management system) and 109 according to the OHSAS 18001 standard (Occupational Health and Safety management
Systems - requirements).
In 2013, Eni total HSE expenses (including cross-cutting issues such as HSE management systems implementation
and certification, etc.) amounted to ! 1,423 million, down by 4.2% from 2012.
Environment. In 2013, Eni incurred total expenditures amounting to ! 711.5 million for the protection of the
environment (with a reduction of 4.3% with respect to 2012). Current environmental expenses amounted to ! 468.1
million, in line with the 2012 figure, and mainly related to costs incurred with respect to remediation and reclamation
activities, carried out mainly in Italy. Capitalized environmental expenditure decreased by 11.6% and mainly related to
90
energy efficiency and climate change (particularly flaring down), air protection and spill prevention. Eni expects to
continue incurring amount of capital environmental expenditures and current expenses in line with or above 2013 levels
in future years.
Safety. Eni is committed to safeguard the safety of our employees and contractors as well as of all people living in
the areas where our activities are conducted and our assets located. In 2013, the new legislation didn’t have significant
impact on the procedures already in place for safety in the workplace.
The improvement and dissemination of safety awareness through all levels of the Company’s organization
continued in 2013. This is one of the foundations of Eni’s safety strategy, through a large communication campaign,
launched in 2012, with the target of improving the conduct of employees/workers in the specific field of safety in the
workplace. The campaign, will span over three years involving progressively the enterprise top management, the
managers of operating sites and all the Eni’s employees. Moreover, in 2013, Eni has continued its safety roadshow
initiative, a series of meetings of the Company’s top management with the industrial sites personnel (employees and
contractors), dedicated to the sharing of the Company’s safety targets and commitment, focusing also on the HSE
aspects of the new process of qualification of vendors. In 2013, Eni has conceived an initiative aimed at issuing work
permits in electronic form for standardizing and improving the related risk assessment process. The initiative will
consist of implementing by 2014 the project on three pilot sites, with a gradual extension of the project to the other Eni
sites in the course of the following years.
Results of efforts to achieve a better safety in all activities has brought an improvement of Eni workforce lost time
injury frequency rate to 0.35 and of the severity rate to 0.014, decreasing by 28.7% and by 31.4% from 2012,
respectively. The total recordable injury rate (1.04) decreased by 10.4% compared to 2012.
As to emergency preparedness, Eni has joint the Oil Spill Response Joint Industry Project (OSR-JIP) launched in
December 2011 by International Association of Oil&Gas Producers (OGP) and International Petroleum Industry
Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA). This JIP will execute, over a three-year period, the outstanding
recommendations from the report produced by the Global Industry Response Group (GIRG) set up after the Macondo
accident. The existence of a JIP makes it easier for national administrations, intergovernmental organizations and
willing third parties to participate in the studies and therefore to build their confidence in the results of the
commissioned investigations and research. The OSR-JIP carries out specific projects dealing with exercise planning, in
situ burning, dispersants advocacy-subsea, efficacy-post spill monitoring, upstream risk assessment and response
capability, etc.
Costs incurred in 2013 to support the safety levels of operations and to comply with applicable rules and
regulations were ! 408.8 million, up by 10.2% from 2012. Eni expects to continue incurring amounts of expenses for
safety which will be in line with 2013 levels in future years.
Health. Eni’s activities for protecting health aim at the continuous improvement of work conditions. We believe
that we achieved a good performance in this area due to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
plant and facility efficiency and reliability;
promotion and dissemination of knowledge, adoption of best practices and operating management systems
based on advanced criteria of protection of health and internal and external environment;
certification programs of management systems for production sites and operating units;
identified indicators in order to monitor exposure to chemical and physical agents;
strong engagement in health protection for workers operating outside Italy also with the support of
international health centers capable of guaranteeing a prompt and adequate response to any emergency;
identification of an effective organization of health centers, in Italy and abroad; and
training programs for medics and paramedics.
To protect the health and safety of its employees, Eni relies on a network of 413 health care centers located in its
main operating areas. A set of international agreements with the best local and international health centers ensures
efficient services and timely responses to emergencies.
Eni is engaged to the elaboration of HIA and relative standards to be applied to all new projects of evaluation of
working exposure to environment, in Italy and abroad. The main aim of HIA is to avoid any negative impacts and
maximize any positive impacts of the project on the host community and it is usually carried out as part of/or in
conjunction with the Environmental and a Social Impact Assessment process. Its results are used to develop appropriate
mitigation measures and an improvement plan with the host community.
In 2013, Eni incurred a total expense of ! 51.1 million, up by 6.1% from 2012, to protect the health of its
employees. Eni expects to continue incurring amounts of expenses for health which will be in line or above with 2013
levels in future years.
91
Managing GHG emissions
In 2013, the II commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol started. The UN negotiations on Climate Change are
going ahead in order to achieve a global agreement for the post 2020 regime at the 21st Conference of the Parties
(COP21) that will be held in Paris in 2015. In this context the European Union has started a debate on the shaping of its
Climate and Energy Policy in the long term (up to 2030). The debate shall be concluded by 2015 in order to present the
outcomes at COP21 in Paris. As a major European energy company Eni is involved in the process.
To ensure comprehensive, transparent and accurate reporting for GHG emissions, Eni introduced in 2005 its own
Protocol for accounting and reporting greenhouse gas emissions (GHG Accounting and Reporting Protocol), which is
an essential requirement for emission certification. Indeed, accurate reporting supports the strategic management of
risks and opportunities related to greenhouse gases, the definition of objectives and the assessment of progress. Eni
GHG Protocol has been updated in 2012 to be in compliance with the new Monitoring and Reporting European
Guideline (European Regulation No. 601/2012) and with the best practices reference document (American Petroleum
Industry Compendium - August 2009). For safer and more accurate management of GHG emissions and with a view to
support effective reporting, Eni provided all its business units with a dedicated database, in order to gather and report
GHG emissions according to the Protocol and to ensure completeness, accuracy, transparency and consistency of GHG
accounting as required by certification needs. In order to improve the Eni accounting and reporting process, in 2013 Eni
provided independent verification of its 2012 equivalent CO2 emissions data, as submitted to the Carbon Disclosure
Project, and obtained the verification statement in accordance with ISO 14063-3.
Eni believes that in order to mitigate its impacts on climate change and reduce the risks related to climate
regulations evolution it is important in the short term to diminish the carbon intensity of its operations and promote the
use of low emission energy sources such as natural gas. Since a decade Eni has been identifying projects aimed at
energy saving and emission reductions from its plants: in Africa many projects have been implemented in order to
economically exploit gas associated with the production of liquids and reduce gas flaring.
Italy is subject to the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) that was established by Directive No.
2003/87/EC. Effective from January 1, 2005, EU-ETS is the largest carbon market in the world for exchanging
emission allowances targeting industrial installations with high carbon dioxide emissions. The EU-ETS Directive states
that any operator, who produces GHG emissions in excess of the amounts allowed on the base of national allocation
plan, is required to acquire allowances on the market to cover the excess emissions or to pay a penalty. The excess
emissions penalty for the period 2013-2020 amounts to ! 100 for each tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent produced in
excess of the allowances acquired on the market. The payment of the penalty shall not release the operator from the
obligation to surrender an amount of allowances equal to those excess emissions when surrendering allowances in
relation to the following calendar year. On January 1, 2013 the third phase (2013-2020) of EU-ETS has started. In this
period the main instrument for allowances allocation is represented by sales auctioning and no more by the historical
emissions. During this phase no more free allowances will be given to power plants (exception on few particular cases).
Conversely, for all the other industrial sectors, the free allocation has been determined with the adoption of European
benchmarks linked to the carbon intensity of each industrial process.
Currently Eni participates in the ETS scheme with 38 plants in Italy and 4 outside Italy, which collectively
represent more than 40% of all GHG emissions generated by Eni’s plants worldwide. In the period 2013-2020 Eni was
entitled to allowances equal to 69 mmtonnes of carbon dioxide. Due to stricter allocation rules in the third phase
(2013-2020) of the Emissions Trading Scheme, Eni is been receiving a lower amount of free allowances in comparison
with the second phase (2008-2012). As a consequence, in the next four-year period (2014-2017), Eni shall buy on the
market an amount of allowances to cover GHG emissions of its industrial plants. The majority of the deficit (about
80%) is concentrated in the power sector.
Regulation of Eni’s businesses
Overview
The matters regarding the effects of recent or proposed changes in Italian legislation and regulations or EU
directives discussed below and elsewhere herein are forward-looking statements and involve risks and uncertainties
that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those in such forward-looking statements. Such risks and
uncertainties include the precise manner of the interpretation or implementation of such legal and regulatory changes
or proposals, which may be affected by political and other developments.
92
Regulation of exploration and production activities
Eni’s exploration and production activities are conducted in many countries and are therefore subject to a broad
range of legislation and regulations. These cover virtually all aspects of exploration and production activities, including
matters such as license acquisition, production rates, royalties, pricing, environmental protection, export, taxes and
foreign exchange. The terms and conditions of the leases, licenses and contracts under which these oil and gas interests
are held vary from country to country. These leases, licenses and contracts are generally granted by or entered into with
a government entity or state company and are sometimes entered into with private property owners. These arrangements
usually take the form of licenses or production sharing agreements. See “Regulation of the Italian hydrocarbons
industry” and “Environmental matters” for a description of the specific aspects of the Italian regulation and of
environmental regulation concerning Eni’s exploration and production activities. Licenses (or concessions) give the
holder the right to explore for and exploit a commercial discovery. Under a license, the holder bears the risk of
exploration, development and production activities and provides the financing for these operations. In principle, the
license holder is entitled to all production minus any royalties that are payable in-kind. A license holder is generally
required to pay production taxes or royalties, which may be in cash or in-kind. Both exploration and production licenses
are generally for a specified period of time (except for production licenses in the United States which remain in effect
until production ceases). The term of Eni’s licenses and the extent to which these licenses may be renewed vary by area.
In production sharing agreements, entitlements to production volumes are defined on the basis of contractual
agreements drawn up with state oil companies which hold the concessions. Such contractual agreements regulate the
recovery of costs incurred for the exploration, development and operating activities (cost oil) and give entitlement to a
portion of the production volumes exceeding volumes destined to cover costs incurred (profit oil). A similar scheme to
PSA applies to Service and “Buy-Back” contracts. In general, Eni is required to pay income tax on income generated
from production activities (whether under a license or PSA). The taxes imposed upon oil and gas production profits and
activities may be substantially higher than those imposed on other businesses.
Regulation of the Italian hydrocarbons industry
The matters regarding the effects of recent or proposed changes in Italian legislation and regulations or EU
directives discussed below and elsewhere herein are forward-looking statements and involve risks and uncertainties
that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those in such forward-looking statements. Such risks and
uncertainties include the precise manner of the interpretation or implementation of such legal and regulatory changes
or proposals, which may be affected by political and other developments.
Exploration & Production
The Italian hydrocarbons industry is regulated by a combination of constitutional provisions, statutes,
governmental decrees and other regulations that have been enacted and modified from time to time, including
legislation enacted to implement EU requirements (collectively, the “Hydrocarbons Laws”).
Exploration permits and production concessions. Pursuant to the Hydrocarbons Laws, all hydrocarbons existing in
their natural condition in strata in Italy or beneath its territorial waters (including its continental shelf) are the property
of the State. Exploration activities require an exploration permit, while production activities require an exploiting
concession, in each case granted by the Minister of Economic Development through exploration permits. The initial
duration of an exploration permit is six years, with the possibility of obtaining two three-year extensions and an
additional one-year extension to complete activities underway. Upon each of the three-year extensions, 25% of the area
under exploration must be relinquished to the State (only for initial acreages larger than 300 square kilometers). The
initial duration of a production concession is 20 years, with the possibility of obtaining a ten-year extension and
additional five-year extensions until the field depletes.
Royalties. The Hydrocarbons Laws require the payment of royalties for hydrocarbon production. As per
Legislative Decree No. 625 of November 25, 1996, subsequent modifications and integrations and Law Decree No. 83
of June 22, 2012, royalties are equal to 10% for gas and oil productions onshore, to 10% for gas and 7% for oil offshore,
with fixed amount of exemption. Only in the Autonomous Region of Sicily, following the Regional Law No. 9 of May
15, 2013, royalties are equal to 20% for oil and gas, with no exemptions).
93
Gas & Power
Natural gas market in Italy
Legislative Decree No. 130 of August 13, 2010 containing measures for increasing competition in the natural gas
market and transferring the ensuing benefits to final customers according to Article 30, lines 6 and 7, of Law
No. 99 of July 23, 2009
In 2011, Legislative Decree No. 130 of August 13, 2010 titled “New measures to improve competitiveness in the
natural gas market and to ensure the transfer of economic benefits to final customers” became effective. This new
regulation replaced the previous system of gas antitrust thresholds defined by Legislative Decree No. 164 of May 23,
2000 by introducing a 40% ceiling to the wholesale market share of each Italian gas operator who inputs gas into the
Italian backbone network. In the frame of Legislative Decree No. 130/2010 Eni has committed itself to build new
storage capacity for 4 BCM within five years from the enactment of the Decree; as a consequence the cap provided by
the Legislative Decree No. 130/2010 to its market share in Italy rises from 40% to 55%. In the case of violations of the
mandatory threshold, Eni is obliged to execute gas release measures at regulated prices up to 4 BCM over a two-year
period following the ascertainment of the breach. Access to the new storage capacity is reserved to industrial customers
and their consortium (3 BCM, already allocated) and to gas-fired power plants (1 BCM). Furthermore, the Decree
establishes that upon request, industrial customers are granted, for the new storage capacity which is not yet available:
•
from April 2012 a “virtual storage service”, which consists of the possibility to deliver gas during the summer
to a “virtual storage operator” at an European hub – TTF, Zeebrugge or PSV – and to collect equivalent gas
quantities during the winter at the Italian PSV, paying for the service a fee equivalent to the cost of storage
plus transmission costs, if any. Therefore, industrial operators benefit from the price differentials due to the
seasonal swings of gas demand.
Law Decree of December 23, 2013 converted to Law on February 21, 2014 allows industrial operators to renounce
definitively to the conferred storage capacity under construction and provides electricity producers an option for further
allotment of storage capacity within April/May 2014. Eni will be only obliged to build the storage capacity which
corresponds to the quantities confirmed or requested under the above mentioned provisions. This obligation should not
include additional costs for the natural gas system.
By January 2014 and for a three-year period, the Decree also establishes that any operator running natural gas in
the transportation network and with a wholesale market share higher than 10% is obliged to offer, on the natural gas
future market managed by an Italian independent authority, a volume of natural gas corresponding to 5% of the annual
imported volumes. The obligation should be combined contextually by a buy request, on the same market, of the same
quantity of gas offered and with a spread between bid and ask prices lower than an amount to be defined by the Minister
of Economic Development, based on a proposal of the Italian Regulator AEEG. This body also defines the modes for
the fulfillment of the above mentioned obligation.
Eni’s management is monitoring this issue with a view of assessing any possible financial or economic impact
associated with the enacted measures and their evolution. Management also believes that this new gas regulation will
increase competition in the wholesale natural gas market in Italy leading to further margin pressures.
Law Decree No. 1 of January 24, 2012 for new liberalization measures in Italy
Law Decree No. 1 enacted by the Italian Government on January 24, 2012, the so-called Liberalization Decree was
converted to Law No. 20 on March 24, 2012.
This Law aimed to:
•
•
enhance competitiveness in gas tariffs to residential customers and in the distribution of refined products. The
AEEG, in charge with setting pricing mechanisms for supplies to users starting from the second quarter of
2012, updated the indexation mechanism by increasing the weight of spot prices in the indexation of the
supply costs of gas. In particular, spot prices have represented a share of 3% and 4% of the cost of gas in the
second and third quarter 2012, respectively, and 5% in the period October 2012-March 2013, with the
remaining part indexed to the supply cost provided by a panel of oil-linked long-term contracts;
reduce the cost of natural gas for industrial customers by giving them direct access to storage capacity. This
will be possible with a redefinition of the binding modulation for residential customers in case of rigid winter
conditions and by freeing up a percentage of strategic storage volumes. For this purpose, the Ministry of
Economic Development enacted a Law Decree on February 15, 2013, introducing changes to the criteria of
assignment of storage capacity in application of Article 14 of Law Decree No. 1, 2012 setting forth that:
-
the storage capacity that would be available as a result of new mechanisms for determining the volumes
of strategic storage, as well as new modalities of calculation of obligation limitations based on the
criteria issued by the Ministry of the Economic Development, are assigned, for a space determined by the
Ministry itself, for the offer to industrial sector, integrated transportation services through International
pipelines and re-gasification, including natural gas storage, allowing the supplies of natural gas from
94
abroad, in accordance with security criteria requested, as well as by re-gasification companies, as a
guaranty for the respect of re-gasification programs of their customers when non predictable events
occur; and
is determined part of the space of modulation storage devoted to the needs of “vulnerable events”, to be
assigned, for the needs of the clients themselves, with procedure of competitive bid, and the part of the
same space of storage modulation to be assigned with ongoing allocation procedures.
-
Based on the principles described above, at the beginning of 2013, the Minister of Economic Development and the
Italian Authority for Electricity and Gas introduced new criteria for the allocation of gas storage capacities for the
thermal year 2013-2014. In particular, the Decree on gas storage capacity allocation rules that, from the period April 1,
2013 to March 31, 2014, 4.2 BCM of storage is to be allocated through auction, of which 2.5 BCM is reserved to
domestic users and 1.7 BCM for other users, including those without domestic consumers in their portfolios. A further
4.2 BCM of storage capacity reserved to domestic users would still be allocated through the current system, which
assigns pro-rata storage volumes to operators based on the size of the market they cover.
Negotiation platform for gas trading
In compliance with the provisions of Law No. 99 of July 23, 2009, on March 18, 2010, the Ministry of Economic
Development published a Decree that implements a trading platform for natural gas from May 10, 2010 aimed at
increasing competition and flexibility on wholesale markets. Management and organization of this platform are
entrusted to an independent operator, the Gestore dei Mercati Energetici (GME), an Italian agency. On this platform are
traded also volumes of gas corresponding to the legal obligations on part of Italian importers and producers as per Law
Decree No. 7/2007. Under these provisions, importers were expected to supply given amounts of gas (from 5% to 10%
of total gas import) to the virtual exchange in order to receive permission to import, as well as volumes corresponding
to royalties due by owners of mineral rights to the Italian State (and to Basilicata and Calabria Regions). Eni has
complied with those requirements by supplying the set volumes of its imported natural gas in each thermal year
following the law enactment. Operators, including non-importers, are allowed to trade additional gas volumes over the
compulsory amounts on the platform according to the supply rules determined by the AEEG. Since December 2010, the
GME is also trader’s counterparty in transactions on the spot market for natural gas (divided into day-ahead market and
intraday market). We believe that these measures have increased the level of liquidity in the Italian spot market of gas.
Natural gas prices
Following the liberalization of the natural gas sector introduced in 2000 by Decree No. 164, prices of natural gas in
the wholesale market which includes industrial and power generation customers are freely negotiated. However the
AEEG holds a power of surveillance on this matter (see below) under Law No. 481/1995 (establishing the AEEG) and
Legislative Decree No. 164/2000. Furthermore, the AEEG has been entrusted by the Presidential Decree dated October
31, 2002 with the power of regulating natural gas prices to residential and commercial customers, also with a view of
containing inflationary pressure deriving from increasing energy costs. Consistently with those provisions, companies
which engage in selling natural gas through local networks are currently required to offer to those customers the
regulated tariffs set by AEEG beside their own price proposals.
An important regulatory development has occurred in the first half of 2013. This relates to the implementation of a
new tariff regime for Italian residential clients who are entitled to be safeguarded in accordance with current
regulations. Clients who are eligible to the tariff mechanism set by the AEEG are residential clients who did not opt for
choosing a supplier at the opening of the market (including those who consume less than 200,000 CM/y and residential
buildings) and also include all customers consuming less than 50,000 CM/y and certain public services (for example
hospitals and other social security facilities). With resolution No. 196 effective from October 1, 2013, the AEEG
reformulated the pricing mechanism of gas supplies to those customers by providing a full indexation of the raw
material cost component of the tariff to spot prices versus the previous regime that provided a mix between an oil-based
indexation and spot prices. The new tariff regime intends to partially offset the negative impact to be born by
wholesalers by introducing a pricing component intended to cover the risks and costs of the supplies to wholesalers.
Furthermore, it has been provided a stability mechanism whereby a wholesaler part of a long-term, take-or-pay gas
supply contract may opt for being reimbursed of the negative difference between the oil-linked costs of gas supplies and
spot prices in the next two thermal years following the new regime implementation. Conversely, in case spot prices fall
below the oil-linked cost of gas supplies in the following two thermal years, the same wholesaler is obliged to refund
customers of the difference. This stability mechanism needs a further regulatory act to be implemented by the AEEG.
The new tariff regime has substantially reduced the tariff components intended to cover storage and transportation costs.
Finally, it also introduced a pricing component intended to remunerate certain marketing costs incurred by retail
operators, including administrative and retention costs, losses incurred due to customer default and a return on capital
employed.
95
Similarly other regulatory authorities in European countries where Eni is present are planning to issue a regulation
aimed at introducing a hub component in the pricing formulas related to retail clients as well as measures to boost
liquidity and competitiveness in the gas market.
Refining and marketing of petroleum products
Refining. The regulations introduced with Law No. 9/1991 and No. 239/2004 (Article 1, paragraphs 56, 57 and 58)
significantly changed the norms introduced in the 1930’s that required that any refining activity be handled under a
concession from the State. Today an authorization is required to set up new processing and storage plants and for any
change in the capacity of mineral processing plants, while all other changes that do not affect capacity can be freely
implemented. Another simplification measure has been introduced by Law Decree No. 5/2012 that defined mineral oil
processing and storage plants as “strategic settlements” that need authorization from the State, in agreement with the
relevant Region, and imposes a single process of authorization that must be closed within 180 days. Management
expects no material delays in obtaining relevant concessions for the upgrading of the Sannazzaro and Taranto refineries
as planned in the medium term.
Marketing. Following the enactment of the above mentioned Law Decree No. 1 of January 24, 2012, certain
measures are expected to be introduced in order to increase levels of competition in the retail marketing of fuels. The
rules regulating relations between oil companies and managers of service stations have been changed introducing the
difference between principal and non-principal of a service station. Starting from June 30, 2012 principals will be
allowed to supply freely up to 50% of their requirements. In such case the distributing company will have the option to
renegotiate terms and conditions of supplies and brand name use. As for non-principals, the law allows the parties to
renegotiate terms and conditions at the expiration of existing contracts and new contractual forms can be introduced in
addition to the only one allowed so far, i.e. exclusive supply. The law also provides for an expansion of non-oil sales.
Eni expects developments on this issue to further increase pressure on selling margins in the retail marketing of fuels
and to reduce opportunities of increasing Eni’s market share in Italy.
Service stations. Legislative Decree No. 32 of February 11, 1998, as amended by Legislative Decree No. 346 of
September 8, 1999 and Law Decree No. 383 of October 29, 1999, as converted in Law No. 496 of December 28, 1999,
significantly changed Italian regulation of service stations. Legislative Decree No. 32 replaces the system of
concessions granted by the Ministry of Industry, regional and local authorities with an authorization granted by City
authorities while the Legislative Decree No. 112 of March 31, 1998 still confirms the system of such concessions for
the construction and operation of service stations on highways and confers the power to grant to Regions.
From 2000 onwards, a number of administrative measures have been enacted in Italy with the goal of modernizing
and making more efficient the Italian network. A Ministerial Decree of October 31, 2001 established the criteria for the
closing down of incompatible stations, the renewal of the network, the opening up of new stations and the regulations of
the operations of service stations on matters such as automation, working hours and non-oil activities. Law Decree
No. 98/2011 converted into Law No. 111/2011, contains new guidelines for improving market efficiency and service
quality and increasing competition. Among other things it provides that within July 6, 2012 all service stations must be
provided with self-service equipment and that Regions will update their regulations in order to allow the sale of non-oil
products in all service stations. Law Decree No. 1/2012 also allowed the installation of fully-automated service stations
with prepayment, but only outside City areas. Law No. 133 of August 6, 2008, by intervening in competition
provisions, removes some national and regional regulations which might prejudice the liberty of establishment and
introduces new provisions particularly concerning the elimination of restrictions concerning distances between service
stations, the obligation to undertake non-oil activities and the liberalization of opening hours. Management believes that
those measures have supported competition in the Italian retail market.
Petroleum product prices. Petroleum product prices were completely deregulated in May 1994 and are now freely
established by operators. Oil and gas companies periodically report their recommended prices to the Ministry of
Productive Activities; such recommendations are considered by service station operators in establishing retail prices for
petroleum products.
Compulsory stocks. According to Legislative Decree of December 31, 2012, No. 249 enacting Directive
No. 2009/119/EC (which regulates the obligation of Member States to keep a minimum amount of stocks of crude oil
and/or petroleum products) compulsory stocks, must be at least equal to the quantities required by 90 days of
consumption of net import, including 10% deduction for minimum operational requirements. Decree No. 249/2012
states that compulsory stocks are determined each year by a decree of the Minister of Economic Development based on
domestic consumption data of the previous year, defining also the amounts to be held by each oil company.
The Legislative Decree No. 249/2012 sets forth in particular: (a) that a high level of oil security of supply through
a reliable mechanism to assure the physical access to oil emergency and specific stocks shall be kept; and (b) the
institution of a Central Stockholding Entity under the control of the Ministry of Economic Development that should be
in charge of: (i) the purchase, holding, sell and transportation of specific stocks of products; (ii) the stocktaking; (iii) the
96
statistics on emergency, specific and commercial stocks; and, eventually (iv) the storage and transportation service of
emergency and commercial stocks in favor of sellers of petroleum products not vertically integrated in the oil chain.
As of December 31, 2013, Eni owned 6.3 mmtonnes of oil products inventories, of which 4.7 mmtonnes as
“compulsory stocks”, 1.4 mmtonnes related to operating inventories in refineries and deposits (including 0.2 mmtonnes
of oil products contained in facilities and pipelines) and 0.2 mmtonnes related to specialty products. Eni’s compulsory
feedstock (23%), fuel oil (6%) and other products (4%) and they were located throughout the Italian territory both in
refineries (74%) and in storage sites (26%).
Competition
Like all Italian companies, Eni is subject to Italian and EU competition rules. EU competition rules are set forth in
Articles 101 and 102 of the Lisbon Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union entered into force on December 1,
2009 (“Article 101” and “Article 102”, respectively being the result of the new denomination of former Articles 81 and
82 of the Treaty of Rome as amended by the Treaty of Amsterdam dated October 2, 1997 and entered into force on May
1, 1999) and EU Merger Control Regulation No. 139 of 2004 (EU Regulation 139). Article 101 prohibits collusion
among competitors that may affect trade among Member States and that has the object or effect of restricting
competition within the EU. Article 102 prohibits any abuse of a dominant position within a substantial part of the EU
that may affect trade among Member States. EU Regulation 139 sets certain turnover limits for cross-border
transactions, above which enforcement authority rests with the European Commission and below which enforcement is
carried out by national competition authorities, such as the Antitrust Authority in the case of Italy. On May 1, 2004, a
new regulation of the European Council came into force (No. 1/2003) which substitutes Regulation No. 17/1962 on the
implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty. In order to simplify the
procedures required of undertakings in case of conducts that potentially fall within the scope of Article 101 and 102 of
the Treaty, the new regulation substitutes the obligation to inform the Commission with a self assessment by the
undertakings that such conducts does not infringe the Treaty. In addition, the burden of proving an infringement of
Article 101(1) or of Article 102 of the Treaty shall rest on the party or the authority alleging the infringement. The
undertaking or association of undertakings claiming the benefit of Article 101(3) of the Treaty shall bear the burden of
proving that the conditions of that paragraph are fulfilled. The regulation defines the functions of authorities
guaranteeing competition in Member States and the powers of the Commission and of national courts. The competition
Authorities of the Member States shall have the power to apply Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty in individual cases.
For this purpose, acting on their own initiative or on a complaint, they may take the following decisions:
•
•
•
•
requiring that an infringement be brought to an end;
ordering interim measures;
accepting commitments; and
imposing fines, periodic penalty payments or any other penalty provided for in their national law.
National courts shall have the power to apply Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty. Where the Commission, acting
on a complaint or on its own initiative, finds that there is an infringement of Article 101 or of Article 102 of the Treaty,
it may: (i) require the undertakings and associations of undertakings concerned to bring such infringement to an end;
(ii) order interim measures; (iii) make commitments offered by undertakings to meet the concerns expressed to them by
the Commission binding on the undertakings; and (iv) find that Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty are not applicable to
an agreement for reasons of Community public interest. Eni is also subject to the competition rules established by the
Agreement on the European Economic Area (the “EEA Agreement”), which are analogous to the competition rules of
the Lisbon Treaty (ex Treaty of Rome) and apply to competition in the European Economic Area (which consists of the
EU and Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein). These competition rules are enforced by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Area Surveillance Authority. In addition, Eni’s activities are subject to Law No. 287 of
October 10, 1990 (the “Italian Antitrust Law”). In accordance with the EU competition rules, the Italian Antitrust Law
prohibits collusion among competitors that restricts competition within Italy and prohibits any abuse of a dominant
position within the Italian market or a significant part thereof. However, the Italian Antitrust Authority may exempt for
a limited period agreements among companies that otherwise would be prohibited by the Italian Antitrust Law if such
agreements have the effect of improving market conditions and ultimately result in a benefit for consumers.
Property, plant and equipment
Eni has freehold and leasehold interests in real estate in numerous countries throughout the world. Management
believes that certain individual petroleum properties are of major significance to Eni as a whole. Management regards
an individual petroleum property as material to the Group in case it contains 10% or more of the Company’ worldwide
proved oil and gas reserves and management is committed to invest material amounts of expenditures in developing it
in the future. See “Exploration & Production” above for a description of Eni’s both material and other properties and
reserves and sources of crude oil and natural gas.
97
Organizational structure
Eni SpA is the parent company of the Eni Group. As of December 31, 2013, there were 252 fully-consolidated
subsidiaries and 148 associates, joint ventures and joint operations that were accounted for under the equity or cost
method or in accordance to Eni’s share of revenues, costs and assets of the joint operations calculated based on Eni’s
working interest. For a list of subsidiaries of the Company, see “Exhibit 8. List of Eni’s fully-consolidated subsidiaries
for year 2013”.
Item 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
98
Item 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
This section is the Company’s analysis of its financial performance and of significant trends that may affect its
future performance. It should be read in conjunction with the Key Information presented in Item 3 and the Consolidated
Financial Statements and related Notes thereto included in Item 18. The Consolidated Financial Statements are
prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the IASB.
This section contains forward-looking statements which are subject to risks and uncertainties. For a list of
important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking
statements, see the cautionary statement concerning forward-looking statements on page ii.
Executive summary
Eni reported net profit from continuing operations (net of minority interest) of ! 5,160 million for the year ended
December 31, 2013, representing an increase of 22.9% from 2012. That amount represented net profit from continuing
operations attributable to Eni’s shareholders. The increase was driven by large gains recorded on the divestment of
certain assets, which more than offset a significant reduction in the underlying performance recorded by all of Eni’s
business segments.
The Group’s operating profit from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2013, amounted to
! 8,888 million, down 41.6% from 2012. All of Eni’s business segments reported lower results. The Exploration
& Production segment was impacted by extraordinary disruptions to its producing activities related to geopolitical
factors mainly in Libya and Nigeria as well as the appreciation of the euro against the U.S. dollar, with an overall
reduction in operating profit of ! 3,602 million, down by 19.5% from 2012. The Gas & Power, Refining & Marketing
and the Chemical businesses were hit by a continued deterioration in selling prices and margins due to the economic
downturn and structural headwinds in the trading environment reflecting plunging demand for energy commodities,
excess supplies/overcapacity and competitive pressure. Finally Saipem reported sharply lower operating results due to
large losses on contracts. Additionally, the reduced profitability outlook in those businesses led management to
recognize significant amounts of asset impairments in the region of ! 2.4 billion to align the book values of goodwill and
other intangible assets in the gas business, electricity generation plants and refineries to their lower values-in-use.
However, asset impairments were lower than the approximately ! 4 billion amount that was recorded in 2012.
Eni’s lowered operating profit was partly offset by the recognition of gains in the range of ! 6 billion which were
recorded with respect to the sale of Eni’s 28.57% interest in Eni East Africa, which is the operator of Area 4 in
Mozambique, to China National Petroleum Corp (! 3,359 million) and Eni’s interest in Artic Russia (! 1,682 million)
which was classified as an asset held for sale and measured at fair value, after joint control was lost over the investee
following the satisfaction, before year end, of all conditions precedent to the Sale and Purchase Agreement signed with
certain Gazprom companies in November 2013. The consideration for the disposal was received in January 2014. In
2012, Eni recorded investment gains in the range of ! 2 billion relating to its Galp shareholding reflecting the divestment
of part of Eni’s interest in the investee, the revaluation at fair market value of the residual stake and other transactions.
Finally, income taxes decreased by ! 2,674 million driven by lower taxes currently payable recorded by the
Exploration & Production segment reflecting lower taxable profit.
99
The table below sets forth for the reported periods details of certain, identified gains and charges included in net
profit attributable to Eni’s shareholders from continuing operations. These gains and charges mainly related to asset
impairments, risk and other provisions, write downs of deferred tax assets, capital and revaluation gains on investments
and other tangible assets, as well as inventory holding gains or losses.
Eni Group
Profit (loss) on stock .............................................................................................
Environmental provisions .....................................................................................
Impairment losses .................................................................................................
Net gains on disposal of assets .............................................................................
Risk provisions.......................................................................................................
Provision for redundancy incentives ...................................................................
Fair value gains/losses on commodity derivatives .............................................
Other charges/gains net ........................................................................................
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
1,113
(176)
(1,031)
57
(88)
(203)
(15)
(169)
((cid:1) million)
17
(63)
(3,978)
548
(945)
(64)
1
(271)
(716)
(205)
(2,400)
187
(334)
(270)
(315)
96
Net (charges) gains in operating profit ............................................................
(512)
(4,755)
(3,957)
Capital and revaluation gains related to Galp .....................................................
Capital gain on the sale of 28.57% of Eni East Africa .......................................
Fair-value revaluation of Artic Russia .................................................................
Other capital gains/write downs on investments ................................................
Write downs of deferred tax assets/recognition of deferred tax liabilities ........
Tax effects on the above listed items ...................................................................
Other .....................................................................................................................
2,011
(108)
(803)
848
(123)
98
3,359
1,682
(1,444)
888
101
879
(552)
151
(2)
Net (charges) gains in net profit .......................................................................
(36)
(2,930)
727
In evaluating the Company’s underlying performance, management also considers a measure of profits that
excludes the above listed gains and charges. On that basis, 2013 net profit would have decreased by ! 727 million and
the comparative 2012 result would have improved by ! 2,930 million and as such 2013 performance would have been
worse than the previous year by 37.8%.
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations amounted to ! 11,026 million for the year
ended December 31, 2013 and proceeds from divestments amounted to ! 6,360 million. Those cash inflows funded cash
outflows relating to capital expenditures totaling ! 12,800 million and investments (! 317 million), as well as dividend
payments amounting to ! 4,199 million (of which ! 1,993 million relating to the 2013 interim dividend, ! 1,956 million to
the balance of the dividend for fiscal year 2012 to Eni’s shareholders and the remaining part related to other dividend
payments mainly relating Saipem).
Disposals of assets primarily related to the divestment of a 28.57% interest in Eni East Africa for ! 3,386 million,
the sale of an 11.69% interest in Snam to institutional investors (! 1,459 million) and of an 8.19% interest in Galp for
! 830 million.
As of December 31, 2013, net borrowings amounted to ! 14,963 million, a decrease of ! 106 million from
December 31, 2012.
In 2013, oil and natural gas production available for sale averaged 1,537 KBOE/d, down by 5.8% from 2012. The
decline was mainly caused by the extraordinary disruptions which impacted production performance in Libya, Nigeria
and Algeria.
Worldwide gas sales in 2013 amounted to 93.17 BCM, a decrease of 2.15 BCM from 2012, or 2.3%, reflecting an
ongoing demand downturn, competitive pressure and oversupply. Natural gas sales in Italy increased by 1.08 BCM
from 2012, while lower volumes were recorded in a number of European markets (down by 5.61 BCM, or 11.6%) such
as Benelux, the Iberian Peninsula and the United Kingdom. Sales increased in Germany-Austria, and in the LNG
business in overseas markets.
In 2013, capital expenditures of continuing operations amounted to ! 12,800 million (! 12,805 million in 2012) and
mainly related to:
•
•
oil and gas development activities (! 8,580 million) deployed mainly in Norway, the United States, Angola,
Congo, Italy, Nigeria, Kazakhstan, Egypt and the United Kingdom;
exploration projects (! 1,669 million) of which 98% was spent outside Italy, primarily in Mozambique,
Norway, Congo, Togo, Nigeria, the United States and Angola;
100
•
•
upgrading the fleet used in the Engineering & Construction segment (! 902 million); and
refining, supply and logistics in Italy and outside Italy (! 462 million) with projects designed to improve the
conversion rate and flexibility of refineries, in particular at the Sannazzaro refinery, as well as the upgrade of
the refined product retail network in Italy and in the rest of Europe (! 210 million).
During the 2014-2017 four-year period, Eni expects to invest approximately ! 54 billion in capital expenditures and
exploration projects to implement its growth strategy, based on the assumptions discussed below under “Management’s
expectation of operations”.
Trading environment
2011
2012
2013
Average price of Brent dated crude oil in U.S. dollars (1).................................................... 111.27 111.58 108.66
Average price of Brent dated crude oil in euro (2) ................................................................
81.82
Average EUR/USD exchange rate (3)....................................................................................
1.328
Average European refining margin in U.S. dollars (4)..........................................................
2.64
Euribor - three month euro rate % (3) ....................................................................................
0.2
86.83
1.285
4.83
0.6
79.94
1.392
2.06
1.4
________
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Price per barrel. Source: Platt’s Oilgram.
Price per barrel. Source: Eni’s calculations based on Platt’s Oilgram data for Brent prices and the EUR/USD exchange rate reported by the European Central Bank
(ECB).
Source: ECB.
Price per barrel. FOB Mediterranean Brent dated crude oil. Source: Eni calculations based on Platt’s Oilgram data.
When the term margin is used in the following discussion, it refers to the difference between the average selling
price and reflect the trading environment and are, to a certain extent, a gauge of industry profitability.
Eni’s results of operations and the year-to-year comparability of its financial results are affected by a number of
external factors which exist in the industry environment, including changes in oil, natural gas and refined products
prices, industry-wide movements in refining and petrochemical margins and fluctuations in exchange rates and interest
rates. Changes in weather conditions from year to year can influence demand for natural gas and some petroleum
products, thus affecting results of operations of the natural gas business and, to a lesser extent, of the refining and
marketing business. See “Item 3 – Risk factors”.
In 2013, Eni’s results were achieved in a trading environment characterized by lower oil and gas realizations in
dollar terms due to a slightly declining Brent price, down by 2.6% from 2012. Refining margins in the Mediterranean
area fell to unprecedented levels, down to less than one dollar per barrel (down by 45.3% from 2012) due to structural
headwinds in the industry driven by overcapacity, lower demand and increasing competition from imported refined
product streams. Furthermore, Eni’s results in the Refining & Marketing Division were affected by narrowing
differentials between the heavy crudes processed by Eni’s refineries and the marker Brent which reflected the lower
availability of the former in the Mediterranean Area. The European gas market was characterized by a weak demand,
strong competitive pressures and oversupplies. Price competition among operators has been stiff exacerbated by
minimum take obligations provided by long-term purchase contracts of gas and reduced sale opportunities. Spot prices
in Europe recovered somewhat from the depressed levels recorded in 2012 and increased by 12.2% year on year;
however this was not reflected in gas margins because of higher oil-linked supply costs. Instead, spot prices recorded in
Italy fell sharply as they fully aligned to spot prices at continental hubs also eroding a positive differential held in
previous years due to logistic disadvantages. This trend drove down Eni’s realizations on gas sales in Italy which were
sharply lower due to a rapid shift in the indexation of selling prices to spot benchmarks in short term contracts. The
decline in spot prices was also transferred to the Company long-term sale contracts. Eni’s results were also impacted by
sharply lower margins in the production and sale of electricity due to oversupply and increasing competition from more
competitive sources. Results of 2013 were affected by the appreciation of the euro against the dollar (up by 3.3% over
the year).
101
Key consolidated financial data
2011
2012
2013
((cid:1) million)
Net sales from operations from continuing operations ....................................................... 107,690 127,109 114,697
8,888
Operating profit from continuing operations ...................................................................... 16,803 15,208
4,200
Net profit attributable to Eni from continuing operations ..................................................
5,160
3,590
Net profit attributable to Eni from discontinued operations ..............................................
Net profit attributable to Eni ................................................................................................
5,160
7,790
Net cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations .................................... 13,763 12,552 11,026
Capital expenditures - continuing operations ...................................................................... 11,909 12,805 12,800
Acquisitions of investments and businesses ........................................................................
317
Shareholders’ equity including non-controlling interest at year end ................................. 60,393 62,417 61,049
Net borrowings at year end .................................................................................................. 28,032 15,069 14,963
Net profit attributable to Eni basic and diluted
from continuing operations ............................................................................
(! per share)
Net profit attributable to Eni basic and diluted from discontinued operations ..................
Net profit attributable to Eni basic and diluted ....................................................................
Dividend per share ..........................................................................................
(! per share)
Ratio of net borrowings to total shareholders’ equity
including non-controlling interest (leverage) (1) ....................................................................
1.90
(0.01)
1.89
1.04
1.16
0.99
2.15
1.08
6,902
(42)
6,860
1.42
1.10
0.25
0.24
0.46
1.42
569
360
________
(1)
For a discussion of the usefulness of and a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures with the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures see
“Liquidity and capital resources – Financial conditions” below.
Critical accounting estimates
The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect
the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses reported in the financial statements, as well as amounts included in the
notes thereto, including discussion and disclosure of contingent liabilities. Estimates made are based on complex or
subjective judgments and past experience of other assumptions deemed reasonable in consideration of the information
available at the time. The accounting policies and areas that require the most significant judgments and estimates to be
used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements are in relation to the accounting for oil and natural gas
activities, specifically in the determination of proved and proved developed reserves, impairment of fixed assets,
intangible assets and goodwill, asset retirement obligations, business combinations, pensions and other post-retirement
benefits, recognition of environmental liabilities and recognition of revenues in the oilfield services construction and
engineering businesses. Although the Company uses its best estimates and judgments, actual results could differ from
the estimates and assumptions used. A summary of significant estimates follows.
Oil and gas activities
Engineering estimates of the Company’s oil and gas reserves are inherently uncertain. Proved reserves are the
estimated volumes of crude oil, natural gas and gas condensates, liquids and associated substances which geological and
engineering data demonstrate that can be economically producible with reasonable certainty from known reservoirs
under existing economic conditions and operating methods. Although there are authoritative guidelines regarding the
engineering and geological criteria that must be met before estimated oil and gas reserves can be designated as
“proved”, the accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the quality of available data, engineering and geological
interpretation and judgment. Field reserves will only be categorized as proved when all the criteria for attribution of
proved status have been met. At this stage, all booked reserves are classified as proved undeveloped. Volumes are
subsequently reclassified from proved undeveloped to proved developed as a consequence of development activity. The
first proved developed bookings occur at the point of first oil or gas production. Major development projects typically
take one to four years from the time of initial booking to the start of production. Eni reassesses its estimate of proved
reserves periodically. The estimated proved reserves of oil and natural gas may be subject to future revision and upward
and downward revision may be made to the initial booking of reserves due to production, reservoir performance,
commercial factors, acquisition and divestment activity and additional reservoir development activity. In particular,
changes in oil and natural gas prices could impact the amount of Eni’s proved reserves in regards to the initial estimate
and, in the case of production sharing agreements and buy-back contracts, the share of production and reserves to which
Eni is entitled. Accordingly, the estimated reserves could be materially different from the quantities of oil and natural as
that ultimately will be recovered. Oil and natural gas reserves have a direct impact on certain amounts reported in the
102
Consolidated Financial Statements. Estimated proved reserves are used in determining depreciation and depletion
expenses and impairment expense. Depreciation and depletion rates on oil and gas assets using the UOP basis are
determined from the ratio between the amount of hydrocarbons extracted in the quarter and proved developed reserves
existing at the end of the quarter increased by the amounts extracted during the quarter. Assuming all other variables are
held constant, an increase in estimated proved developed reserves for each field decreases depreciation and depletion
expense. Conversely, a decrease in estimated proved developed reserves increases depreciation and depletion expense.
In addition, estimated proved reserves are used to calculate future cash flows from oil and gas properties, which are
used to assess any impairment loss. The larger is the volume of estimated reserves, the lower is the likelihood of asset
impairment.
Impairment of assets
Assets are impaired when there are events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying values of the
assets are not recoverable. Such impairment indicators include changes in the Group’s business plans, changes in
commodity prices leading to unprofitable performance, a reduced utilization of the plants and, for oil and gas properties,
significant downward revisions of estimated proved reserve quantities or significant increase of the estimated
development costs. Determination as to whether and how much an asset is impaired involves management estimates on
highly uncertain and complex matters such as future commodity prices, the effects of inflation and technology
improvements on operating expenses, production profiles and the outlook for global or regional market supply and
demand conditions for crude oil, natural gas, commodity chemical and refined products. Similar remarks are valid for
the physical recoverability of assets recognized in the balance sheet (deferred costs; see also “Item 18 – note 3 – Current
assets – of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements) related to natural gas volumes not collected under
long-term purchase contracts with take-or-pay clauses as well as for the recoverability of deferred tax assets. The
amount of an impairment loss is determined by comparing the book value of an asset with its recoverable amount. The
recoverable amount is the greater of fair value net of disposal cost or the value-in-use. The estimated value-in-use is
based on the present values of expected future cash flows net of disposal costs. The expected future cash flows used for
impairment analyses are based on judgmental assessments of future production volumes, prices and costs, considering
available information at the date of review and are discounted by using a rate which considers the risks specific to the
asset. For oil and natural gas properties, the expected future cash flows are estimated principally based on developed
and non-developed proved reserves including, among other elements, production taxes and the costs to be incurred for
the reserves yet to be developed. Oil, natural gas and petroleum product prices (and prices from products which are
derived there from) used to quantify the expected future cash flows are estimated based on forward prices prevailing in
the marketplace for the first four years and management’s long-term planning assumptions thereafter. The estimate of
the future amount of production is based on assumptions related to the commodity future prices, lifting and
development costs, field decline rates, market demand and other factors. The discount rate reflects the current market
valuation of the time value of money and of the specific risks of the asset not reflected in the estimate of the future cash
flows. Goodwill and other intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortization. The Company
tests for impairment such assets at the cash generating unit level on an annual basis and whenever there is an indication
that they may be impaired. In particular, goodwill impairment is based on the lowest level (cash generating unit) to
which goodwill can be allocated on a reasonable and consistent basis. A cash generating unit is the smallest aggregate
on which the Company, directly or indirectly, evaluates the return on the capital expenditure. If the recoverable amount
of a cash generating unit is lower than the carrying amount, goodwill attributed to that cash generating unit is impaired
up to that difference; if the carrying amount of goodwill is lower than the amount of the impairment loss, the assets of
the cash generating unit are impaired pro-rata on the basis of their carrying amount for the residual difference.
Asset retirement obligations
Obligations to remove tangible equipment and restore land or seabed require significant estimates in calculating
the amount of the obligation and determining the amount required to be recorded presently in the Consolidated
Financial Statements. Estimating future asset retirement obligations is complex. It requires management to make
estimates and judgments with respect to removal obligations that will come to term many years into the future and
contracts and regulations are often unclear as to what constitutes removal. In addition, the ultimate financial impact of
environmental laws and regulations is not always clearly known as asset removal technologies and costs constantly
evolve in the countries where Eni operates, as do political, environmental, safety and public expectations. The
subjectivity of these estimates is also increased by the accounting method used that requires entities to record the fair
value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period when it is incurred (typically, at the time the asset is
installed at the production location). When provisions are initially recognized, the related fixed assets are increased by
an equal corresponding amount. Then, the carrying amount of provisions is adjusted to reflect the passage of time and
any change in the estimates following the modification of future cash flows and discount rates adopted. The discount
rate used to determine the provision is based on managerial judgments.
103
Business combinations
Accounting for business combinations requires the allocation of the purchase price to the identifiable assets and
liabilities of the acquired business at their fair values. Any positive residual difference is recognized as “Goodwill”.
Any negative residual difference is recognized in the profit and loss account. Management uses all available
information to make these fair value measurements and, for major business combinations, engages independent external
advisors.
Environmental liabilities
As other oil and gas companies, Eni is subject to numerous EU, national, regional and local environmental laws
and regulations concerning its oil and gas operations, production and other activities. They include legislations that
implement international conventions or protocols. Environmental costs are recognized when it becomes probable that a
liability will be incurred and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Management, considering
the actions already taken, insurance policies obtained to cover environmental risks and provision for risks accrued, does
not expect any material adverse effect on Eni’s consolidated results of operations and financial position as a result of
such laws and regulations. However, there can be no assurance that there will not be a material adverse impact on Eni’s
consolidated results of operations and financial position due to: (i) the possibility of an unknown contamination; (ii) the
results of the ongoing surveys and other possible effects of statements required by applicable laws; (iii) the possible
effects of future environmental legislations and rules; (iv) the effects of possible technological changes relating to future
remediation; and (v) the possibility of litigation and the difficulty of determining Eni’s liability, if any, against other
potentially responsible parties with respect to such litigations and the possible reimbursements.
Provisions for employee benefits
Defined benefit plans are evaluated with reference to uncertain events and based upon actuarial assumptions
including among others discount rates, expected rates of salary increases, medical cost trends, estimated retirement
dates and mortality rates. The significant assumptions used to account for defined benefit plans are determined as
follows: (i) discount and inflation rates reflect the rates at which benefits could be effectively settled, taking into
account the duration of the obligation. Indicators used in selecting the discount rate include market yields on high
quality corporate bonds (or, in the absence of a deep market of these bonds, on the market yields on government bonds).
The inflation rates reflect market conditions observed country by country; (ii) the future salary levels of the individual
employees are determined including an estimate of future changes attributed to general price levels (consistent with
inflation rate assumptions), productivity, seniority and promotion; (iii) healthcare cost trend assumptions reflect an
estimate of the actual future changes in the cost of the healthcare related benefits provided to the plan participants and
are based on past and current healthcare cost trends including healthcare inflation, changes in healthcare utilization and
changes in health status of the participants; and (iv) demographic assumptions such as mortality, disability and turnover
reflect the best estimate of these future events for individual employees involved. Differences in the amount of the net
defined benefit liability (asset), deriving from the remeasurements comprising, among others, changes in the current
actuarial assumptions, differences in the previous actuarial assumptions and what has actually occurred and differences
in the return on plan assets excluding amounts included in net interest, usually occur. Remeasurements are recognized
within statement of comprehensive income for defined benefit plans and within profit and loss account for long-term
plans.
Provisions for contingencies
In addition to environmental liabilities, asset retirement obligation and employee benefits, Eni recognizes
provisions primarily related to litigations and tax issues. The estimate of these provisions is based on managerial
judgments.
Revenue recognition
Revenue recognition in the Engineering & Construction segment is based on the stage of completion of a contract
as measured on the cost-to-cost basis applied to contractual revenues. Use of the stage of completion method requires
estimates of future gross profit on a contract-by-contract basis. The future gross profit represents the profit remaining
after deducting costs attributable to the contract from revenues provided for in the contract. The estimate of future gross
profit is based on a complex estimation process that includes identification of risks related to the geographical region
where the activity is carried out, market conditions in that region and any assessment that is necessary to estimate with
sufficient precision the total future costs, as well as the expected timetable to the end of the contract. Additional
104
revenues, derived from a change in the scope of work, are included in the total amount of revenues when it is probable
that the customer will approve the variation and the related amount. Claims deriving from additional costs incurred for
reasons attributable to the customer are included in the total amount of revenues when it is probable that the
counterparty will accept them.
Revenues from the sale of electricity and gas to retail customers include allocations for the supplies, occurred
between the date of the last meters reading and the year end, not yet billed. These estimates are based on the difference
between the volumes allocated by the grid managers and the billed volumes, as well as on other factors, considered by
the management, which can impact on them.
2011-2013 Group results of operations
Overview of the profit and loss account for three years ended December 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013
The table below sets forth a summary of Eni’s profit and loss account for the periods indicated. All line items
included in the table below are derived from the Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in accordance with IFRS.
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
((cid:1) million)
Net sales from operations .....................................................................................
Other income and revenues (1) ..............................................................................
107,690
926
127,109
1,548
114,697
1,387
Total revenues .......................................................................................................
Operating expenses ...............................................................................................
Other operating (expense) income .......................................................................
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairments .....................................
108,616
(83,199)
171
(8,785)
128,657
(99,674)
(158)
(13,617)
116,084
(95,304)
(71)
(11,821)
OPERATING PROFIT ......................................................................................
Finance income (expense) ....................................................................................
Income (expense) from investments ....................................................................
16,803
(1,146)
2,123
15,208
(1,371)
2,789
8,888
(1,009)
6,085
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAXES ............................................................
Income taxes ..........................................................................................................
17,780
(9,903)
16,626
(11,679)
13,964
(9,005)
Net profit - continuing operations ....................................................................
Net profit - discontinued operations ................................................................
Net profit ..............................................................................................................
Attributable to:
Eni’s shareholders: ................................................................................................
- continuing operations .........................................................................................
- discontinued operations ......................................................................................
Non-controlling interest: ......................................................................................
- continuing operations .........................................................................................
- discontinued operations ......................................................................................
7,877
(74)
7,803
6,860
6,902
(42)
943
975
(32)
4,947
3,732
8,679
7,790
4,200
3,590
889
747
142
4,959
4,959
5,160
5,160
(201)
(201)
_______
(1)
Includes, among other things, contract penalties, income from contract cancellations, gains on disposal of mineral rights and other fixed assets, compensation for
damages and indemnities and other income.
The table below sets forth certain income statement items as a percentage of net sales from operations for the
periods indicated.
Operating expenses ...............................................................................................
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairments .....................................
OPERATING PROFIT.......................................................................................
105
Year ended December 31,
2011
77.3
8.2
15.6
2012
(%)
78.4
10.7
12.0
2013
83.1
10.3
7.7
2013 compared to 2012. Net profit attributable to Eni’s shareholders from continuing operations in 2013 was
! 5,160 million, an increase of ! 960 million from 2012, or 22.9%. This increase was driven by:
(i)
the recognition of gains on the divestment of an interest in the Mozambique exploration project and on the
fair-value revaluation of Eni’s stake in the Artic Russia joint venture (an overall gain of approximately ! 6
billion); and
(ii) lower income taxes (down ! 2,674 million compared to 2012 full year) currently payable by subsidiaries in the
Exploration & Production segment operating outside Italy due to lower taxable profit.
These increases were partly offset by:
(i) a lowered operating performance (down by ! 6,320 million, or 41.6% from 2012) which was mainly reported
by the Exploration & Production segment reflecting lower production sold impacted by geopolitical issues, as
well as by the Engineering & Construction segment due to a worsening trading environment as well as
customer relationship and management issues that began to emerge late in 2012 and fully materialize in the
first half of 2013 resulting in a significant revision of margin estimates at certain large contracts for the
construction of onshore industrial complexes. Also the Refining & Marketing and Chemical segments
reported larger operating losses due to a demand downturn, competitive pressure driven by overcapacity and
oversupplies and unprofitable unit margins. The Gas & Power segment reported slightly better results in spite
of a continuing deterioration in the trading environment which can be explained by lower impairment losses;
and
(ii) the lower operating performance was also affected by the recognition of inventory holding losses in particular
in the Gas & Power, Refining & Marketing and Chemical segments (down ! 733 million from a year ago).
Further information on inventory holding gains and losses is provided on page 114.
2012 compared to 2011. Net profit attributable to Eni’s shareholders from continuing operations in 2012 was
! 4,200 million, a decrease of ! 2,702 million from 2011, or 39.2%. This decrease was driven by:
(i) a lower operating performance (down by ! 1,595 million, or 9.5% from 2011) which was mainly reported by
the Gas & Power, Refining & Marketing and Chemical segments due to a downturn in demand, competitive
pressure and unprofitable unit margins. Results also reflected higher impairments of property, plant and
equipment and intangible assets, mostly in the gas marketing and refining businesses due to a reduced
profitability outlook on the back of the ongoing European downturn. The negative factors were partly offset
by better results reported by the Exploration & Production segment (up by 16.3%);
(ii) the lower operating performance was also affected by the recognition of lower inventory holding gains in
particular in the Refining & Marketing and, to a minor extent, Gas & Power segments (down ! 1,096 million
from a year ago). Further information on inventory holding gains and losses is provided on page 114; and
(iii) higher income taxes (up ! 1,776 million compared to 2011 full year) currently payable by subsidiaries in the
Exploration & Production segment operating outside Italy due to higher taxable profit. The Company also
recognized a write down of ! 1,030 million to reflect a lower likelihood that certain deferred tax assets of
Italian subsidiaries can be recovered in future periods due to an expected reduction in taxable income
generated in Italy, and as Eni has lost the availability of Snam taxable profit against which Italian tax assets
can be utilized following the deconsolidation of Snam.
These decreases were partly offset by higher profits reported from equity-accounted and cost-accounted entities
and financial assets, mainly reflecting the recording of gains on disposal and revaluation of interests relating to the
divestment of part of Eni’s interest in Galp (an overall gain of approximately ! 2 billion). These gains were partly offset
by the fact that in 2011 Eni benefited from gains recorded on the divestment of Eni’s interests in international gas
pipelines (! 1,044 million).
Discontinued operations
In accordance with IFRS 5, 2012 results of the Italian regulated businesses managed by Snam were reported as
discontinued operations until loss of control on the entity which occurred in October 2012, as part of a transaction to
divest a 30% interest less one share in Snam to an Italian entity, Cassa Depositi e Prestiti. The divestment took place in
accordance with Article 15 of Law Decree No. 1 of January 24, 2012, enacted into Law No. 27 of March 24, 2012
which mandated the ownership unbundling of Snam. Prior year data have been modified accordingly.
In accordance with the guidelines of IFRS 5, assets and liabilities, results of operations and cash flow of the
discontinued operations were reported separately from the Group’s continuing operations, including gains on the
disposal and the revaluation of the residual interest.
106
The table below sets forth net profit from discontinued operations for the periods indicated.
Net profit - discontinued operations ................................................................
attributable to:
- Eni .......................................................................................................................
- non-controlling interest ......................................................................................
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
((cid:1) million)
(74)
3,732
(42)
(32)
3,590
142
In 2012, discontinued operations earned net profit of ! 3,732 million which mainly comprised the capital gain on
the divestment of a 30% interest less one share in Snam to Cassa Depositi e Prestiti for ! 2,019 million and a revaluation
gain of ! 1,451 million on the residual interest; both gains were subject to a limited tax under current Italian tax rules.
Profit earned by discontinued operations in previous reporting periods reflected the fact that Snam and its
subsidiaries derived a large part of their revenues from intercompany transactions which profit margins were eliminated
upon consolidation. As a result, the underlying profit or loss earned by the discontinued operations represented only
profit or loss earned by the Group on transactions with third parties.
Year-on-year comparability of results from continuing operations in 2013 was affected by the fact that in 2012
Snam margins on intragroup transactions relating to the supply of gas transport and other services have been eliminated
upon consolidation, while in 2013 those transactions were accounted as third-party transactions, thus affecting the
Group operating costs and profits.
Analysis of the line items of the profit and loss account of continuing operations
a) Total revenues
Eni’s revenues from continuing operations were ! 116,084 million, ! 128,657 million and ! 108,616 million for the
year ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Total revenues consist of net sales from operations and
other income and revenues. Eni’s net sales from operations from continuing operations amounted to ! 114,697 million,
! 127,109 million and ! 107,690 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and its
other income and revenues totaled ! 1,387 million, ! 1,548 million and ! 926 million, respectively, in these periods.
107
Net sales from operations from continuing operations
The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, the net sales from operations from continuing operations
generated by each of Eni’s business segments including intragroup sales, together with consolidated net sales from
operations.
Exploration & Production ....................................................................................
Gas & Power (1) .....................................................................................................
Refining & Marketing ..........................................................................................
Chemicals ..............................................................................................................
Engineering & Construction .................................................................................
Other activities ......................................................................................................
Corporate and financial companies ......................................................................
Impact of unrealized intragroup profit elimination (2) .........................................
Consolidation adjustments (3) ................................................................................
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
29,121
33,093
51,219
6,491
11,834
85
1,365
(54)
(25,464)
((cid:1) million)
35,874
36,198
62,531
6,418
12,799
119
1,369
(75)
(28,124)
31,264
32,212
57,238
5,859
11,598
80
1,453
18
(25,025)
NET SALES FROM OPERATIONS................................................................
107,690
127,109
114,697
________
(1)
(2)
(3)
Following the deconsolidation of Snam in 2012, the Gas & Power segment only includes the results of the Marketing and the International transport activities for
all periods presented.
This item mainly pertains to intragroup sales of commodities and capital assets recorded at period end in the assets of the purchasing business segment.
Intragroup sales are included in net sales from operations in order to give a more meaningful indication as to the volume of the activities to which sales from
operations by segment may be related. The most substantial intragroup sales are recorded by the Exploration & Production segment. See “Item 18 – note 35 –
Guarantees, commitments and risks – of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for a breakdown of intragroup sales by segment for the reported
years.
2013 compared to 2012. Eni’s net sales from operations (revenues) from continuing operations for 2013 (! 114,697
million) decreased by ! 12,412 million from 2012 (or down 9.8%) primarily reflecting lower realizations on oil,
products and natural gas in dollar terms, the negative impact of the appreciation of the euro against the U.S. dollar,
lower volumes in all business segments and a slowdown in the Engineering & Construction business activity.
Revenues generated by the Exploration & Production segment (! 31,264 million) decreased by ! 4,610 million (or
down 12.9%) due to lower oil and gas realizations in dollar terms (down by 2.1%), the appreciation of the euro against
the U.S. dollar and the extraordinary disruptions in Libya and Nigeria, which negatively impacted revenues by
approximately the same amounts.
Revenues generated by the Gas & Power segment (! 32,212 million) decreased by ! 3,986 million (or down 11.0%)
due to a continued deterioration in selling prices reflecting a weak gas demand and increasing competitive pressure.
Particularly, spot prices at Italian hubs have aligned very rapidly to continental hubs, thus driving a large fall in Eni’s
average realizations as spot prices have become the main indexation benchmark of selling prices in short-term supplies
to large Italian customers. Revenues were also impacted by the price revisions that were agreed with the Company’s
Italian long-term buyers whereby contractual prices were aligned to spot prices. Finally, the segment recorded lower
sales volumes to European target markets.
Revenues generated by the Refining & Marketing segment (! 57,238 million) decreased by ! 5,293 million (or
down 8.5%) mainly reflecting lower volumes of refined products (down 4.84 mmtonnes, or 10%, from 2012) and the
negative impact of the currency.
Revenues generated by the Chemical segment (! 5,859 million) decreased by ! 559 million (down 8.7%) from 2012
mainly due to a decline in volumes sold (down by 4.2%) against the backdrop of continuing weak commodity demand,
which was impacted by the economic downturn, and declining average sales prices (down by 3.2%).
Revenues generated by the Engineering & Construction segment (! 11,598 million) decreased by ! 1,201 million, or
9.4%, as a result of a decline in business activities in the segments of Onshore E&C and Offshore E&C.
2012 compared to 2011. Eni’s net sales from operations (revenues) from continuing operations for 2012 (! 127,109
million) increased by ! 19,419 million from 2011 (or up 18.0%) primarily reflecting higher realizations on oil, products
and natural gas in dollar terms and the positive impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the euro.
108
Revenues generated by the Exploration & Production segment (! 35,874 million) increased by ! 6,753 million (or
up 23.2%) due to higher volumes of production sold following a production recovery in Libya, higher realizations in
dollar terms (oil up 0.5%; natural gas up 9.9%), as well as currency translation effects.
Revenues generated by the Gas & Power segment (! 36,198 million) increased by ! 3,105 million (or up 9.4%) due
to trends in energy parameters which are reflected in gas prices to the retail segment mainly in Italy where retail prices
are linked to the price of oil and certain refined products with certain time lags. Also a slight recovery in spot prices
recorded at European continental hubs benefited revenues in this segment.
Revenues generated by the Refining & Marketing segment (! 62,531 million) increased by ! 11,312 million (or up
22.1%) mainly reflecting higher average selling prices of refined products and the positive impact of the appreciation of
the U.S. dollar against the euro, as well as higher sales volumes (up 3.31 mmtonnes, or 7.4%).
Revenues generated by the Chemical segment (! 6,418 million) decreased by ! 73 million (or down 1.1%) from
2011 mainly due to a decline in volumes sold (down 2.1%) reflecting continuing weakness in commodity demand,
which was partly offset by slightly better average sale prices.
Revenues generated by the Engineering & Construction segment (! 12,799 million) increased by ! 965 million, or
8.2%, as a result of increased activities in the Engineering & Construction business, mainly in the Middle and Far East.
b) Operating expenses
The table below sets forth the components of Eni’s operating expenses for the periods indicated.
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
((cid:1) million)
Purchases, services and other ...............................................................................
Payroll and related costs .......................................................................................
78,795
4,404
95,034
4,640
90,003
5,301
Operating expenses .............................................................................................
83,199
99,674
95,304
2013 compared to 2012. Operating expenses from continuing operations for the year (! 95,304 million) decreased
by ! 4,370 million from 2012, down 4.4%, primarily reflecting lower supply costs of raw materials due to the
appreciation of the euro against the U.S. dollar as the Company purchases of gas, refinery and chemical feedstock are
indexed to U.S. dollar-denominated prices of crude oil and products, as well as the benefits of the renegotiations of
long-term gas supply contracts, some of which were retroactive to previous reporting periods.
Purchases, services and other costs included environmental and onerous contracts risk provisions, net of reversal of
unused provisions, amounting to ! 539 million, a large part of which related to the expected losses of an onerous
contract in a re-gasification project (for more information see “Item 18 – note 35 – Guarantees, commitments and risks
– of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”). The reduction reflected also the circumstance that in 2012 a
risk provision amounting to ! 945 million was incurred in connection with price revisions at long-term gas purchase
contracts relating to gas volumes purchased in previous reporting periods, including the provision relating to the
settlement of an arbitration proceeding with GasTerra.
Payroll and related costs (! 5,301 million) increased by ! 661 million, or 14.2%, from 2012 due to a higher average
number of employees outside Italy particularly in the Engineering & Construction segment and higher provision for
redundancy incentives (! 270 million), which included Eni’s cost for 2013-2014 redundancy, pursuant to the provisions
of Law No. 223/1991.
2012 compared to 2011. Operating expenses from continuing operations for the year (! 99,674 million) increased
by ! 16,475 million from 2011, up 19.8%, primarily reflecting higher supply costs of purchased gas, and refinery and
chemical feedstock reflecting trends in the oil environment and the appreciation of the dollar against the euro.
Purchases, services and other costs included risk provisions amounting to ! 945 million incurred in connection with
price revisions at long-term gas purchase contracts relating to gas volumes purchased in previous reporting periods,
including the provision relating to the settlement of an arbitration proceeding with GasTerra (for detailed information
see “Item 4 – Gas & Power”), as well as environmental and other risk provisions. The unfavorable ruling in
109
the arbitration proceeding with GasTerra also impacted the cost of gas volumes purchased in the year, as well as the
cost that the Company expects to incur in future reporting periods unless Eni is successful in renegotiating pricing
terms.
Payroll and related costs (! 4,640 million) increased by ! 236 million, or 5.4%, from 2011 due to a higher average
number of employees outside Italy (following higher activity levels in the Engineering & Construction and Exploration
& Production segments) and higher unit labor cost outside Italy and the appreciation of the dollar against the euro.
These increases were partly offset by a reduction in the average number of employees in Italy and a lower provision for
redundancy incentives.
c) Depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairments
The table below sets forth a breakdown of depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairments by business
segment for the periods indicated.
Exploration & Production (1) ................................................................................
Gas & Power (2) .....................................................................................................
Refining & Marketing ..........................................................................................
Chemicals ..............................................................................................................
Engineering & Construction .................................................................................
Other activities ......................................................................................................
Corporate and financial companies ......................................................................
Impact of unrealized intragroup profit elimination (3) .........................................
Total depreciation, depletion and amortization .............................................
Impairments ...........................................................................................................
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
((cid:1) million)
6,251
413
351
90
596
2
75
(23)
7,755
1,030
7,985
480
366
90
683
1
65
(25)
9,645
3,972
7,810
413
345
95
721
1
61
(25)
9,421
2,400
8,785
13,617
11,821
________
(1)
(2)
(3)
Exploration expenditures of ! 1,736 million, ! 1,835 million and ! 1,165 million are included in these amounts and related to the years 2013, 2012 and 2011,
respectively.
Following the deconsolidation of Snam in 2012, the Gas & Power segment only includes the results of the Marketing and the International Transport activities for
all periods presented.
This item concerned mainly intragroup sales of goods and capital, recorded at period end in the assets of the purchasing business segment.
2013 compared to 2012. In 2013, depreciation, depletion and amortization charges (! 9,421 million) decreased by
! 224 million from 2012, or 2.3%, mainly in the Exploration & Production segment (! 175 million) reflecting lower
production volumes mainly in Libya and Nigeria and the appreciation of the euro against the U.S. dollar which reduced
the reported amounts of the Company subsidiaries which use the U.S. dollar as functional currency. The increase
recorded in the Engineering & Construction segment (up ! 38 million, or 5.6%) was due to new vessels and rigs which
were brought into operations.
In 2013, impairments charges of ! 2,400 million mainly related to the Gas & Power and the Refining & Marketing
segments. In the Gas & Power segment, goodwill and other intangible assets allocated to the gas marketing activity in
Europe were impaired for ! 480 million which completely wrote down the carrying amounts of goodwill and other
intangibles which were recognized upon the Distrigas acquisition in 2008. Power generation plants were impaired for
! 919 million and refineries for ! 633 million. Those impairments losses were driven by a reduced profitability outlook
which was impacted by structural headwinds in the gas and petroleum products industries due to weak demand
prospects, excess supplies and overcapacity and continued competitive pressure which have resulted in the projections
of lower values-in-use than the carrying amounts of the impaired assets. Other impairment losses were incurred at a
number of oil&gas properties in the Exploration & Production segment (! 19 million, net of reversal of previous
impairment losses) reflecting mainly downward reserve revisions, as well as marginal lines of business in the Chemical
segment (! 44 million) due to lack of profitability perspectives.
2012 compared to 2011. In 2012, depreciation, depletion and amortization charges (! 9,645 million) increased by
! 1,890 million from 2011, or 24.4%, mainly in the Exploration & Production segment (up ! 1,734 million) reflecting
higher output levels in Libya, following an ongoing recovery in activities, rising capitalized expenses incurred in
connection with ongoing exploration activities, the start-up of new fields and the appreciation of the U.S. dollar
110
against the euro (up 7.7%). The increase recorded in the Engineering & Construction segment (up ! 87 million, or
14.6%) was due to new vessels and rigs which were brought into operations.
In 2012, impairments charges of ! 3,972 million mainly related to goodwill and other intangible assets in the gas
marketing activity (! 2,443 million) and impairment losses of refining plants (! 843 million). In performing the
impairment review, management assumed a reduced profitability outlook in those businesses driven by a deteriorating
European macroeconomic environment, volatility in commodity prices and margins, and rising competitive pressures.
Other impairment losses were incurred at a number of proved and unproved properties in the Exploration & Production
segment (! 547 million) reflecting downward reserves revisions, price changes and revised profitability outlook mainly
at certain oil and gas assets in the United States, a gas asset in India and an oil asset in Turkmenistan, as well as
marginal lines of business in the Chemical segment (! 112 million) due to lack of profitability prospects.
d) Operating profit by segment
The table below sets forth Eni’s operating profit from continuing operations by business segment for the periods
indicated.
Exploration & Production ....................................................................................
Gas & Power (1) .....................................................................................................
Refining & Marketing ..........................................................................................
Chemicals ..............................................................................................................
Engineering & Construction .................................................................................
Other activities ......................................................................................................
Corporate and financial companies ......................................................................
Impact of unrealized intragroup profit elimination .............................................
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
15,887
(326)
(273)
(424)
1,422
(427)
(319)
1,263
((cid:1) million)
18,470
(3,125)
(1,264)
(681)
1,453
(300)
(341)
996
14,868
(2,967)
(1,492)
(725)
(98)
(337)
(399)
38
Operating profit ..................................................................................................
16,803
15,208
8,888
________
(1)
Following the deconsolidation of Snam in 2012, the Gas & Power segment only include the results of the Marketing and the International Transport activities for
all periods presented.
The table below sets forth operating profit from continuing operations for each of Eni’s business segments as a
percentage of each segment’s net sales from operations from continuing operations (including intragroup sales) for the
periods presented.
Exploration & Production ....................................................................................
Gas & Power .........................................................................................................
Refining & Marketing ..........................................................................................
Chemicals ..............................................................................................................
Engineering & Construction .................................................................................
Other activities ......................................................................................................
Corporate and financial companies ......................................................................
Year ended December 31,
2011
54.6
(1.0)
(0.5)
(6.5)
12.0
(23.4)
2012
(%)
51.5
(8.6)
(2.0)
(10.6)
11.4
(252.1)
(24.9)
2013
47.6
(9.2)
(2.6)
(12.4)
(0.8)
(421.3)
(27.5)
Group ....................................................................................................................
15.6
12.0
7.7
Exploration & Production. Operating profit in 2013 amounted to ! 14,868 million, down by ! 3,602 million from
2012, or 19.5%. The decline was principally due to lower volumes of sold production which was impacted by
extraordinary disruptions mainly in Libya and Nigeria. Also results reported by non-euro subsidiaries were impacted by
the appreciation of the euro against the U.S. dollar in the conversion of dollar-denominated results of operations
(approximately ! 560 million), as well as lower oil and gas realizations in dollar terms (down by 2.1%, on average).
111
In 2013, the Company’s liquids and gas realizations decreased on average by 2.1% in dollar terms, driven by a
decline in international oil prices for market benchmarks (Brent crude price decreased by 2.6%). Eni’s average oil
realizations decreased on average by 3.1%. Eni’s average gas realizations increased by 1.9%.
Operating profit in 2012 amounted to ! 18,470 million, up ! 2,583 million from 2011, or 16.3%, due to an ongoing
recovery in Libyan activities which came almost to a halt in 2011. In fact the 2011 production performance was
negatively impacted by disruptions in the Company’s output from Libyan fields due to the internal conflict that
occurred in 2011 and the consequent declaration of force majeure on the execution of the petroleum contracts in
Country throughout the duration of the internal crisis.
The 2012 result of the Exploration & Production segment also benefited from the appreciation of the U.S. dollar
over the euro for an estimated amount of approximately ! 1,100 million. These positives were partly offset by higher
exploration costs incurred due to increased activities, as well as higher operating costs and depreciation charges in
connection with new field start-ups/ramp-ups.
In 2012, the Company’s liquids and gas realizations increased on average by 1.6% in dollar terms, driven by oil
prices for market benchmarks (Brent crude price increased by 0.3%). Eni’s average oil realizations increased on average
by 0.5%. Eni’s average gas realizations increased by 9.9%, due to time lags in oil-linked pricing formulas which were
recorded in certain geographic areas, whereas gas spot prices declined in other areas, mainly in the U.S. market.
The operating profit of Exploration & Production segment included the following gains and charges:
Impairment losses .................................................................................................
Risk provisions ......................................................................................................
Net gains on disposal of assets .............................................................................
Provision for redundancy incentives ...................................................................
Fair value gains/losses on commodity derivatives .............................................
Other ......................................................................................................................
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
((cid:1) million)
(550)
(7)
542
(6)
(1)
(54)
(76)
(190)
63
(44)
(1)
(18)
(190)
(19)
(7)
283
(52)
2
16
223
In reviewing the performance of the Company’s business segments, management generally excludes the gains and
losses listed above in order to assess the underlying industrial trends and obtain a better comparison of base business
performance across reporting periods.
Gas & Power. In 2013, the Gas & Power segment reported an operating loss of ! 2,967 million, which reflected
impairment losses of ! 1,685 million and unprofitable gas selling margins for the remaining amount, particularly in the
Italian market. The Gas & Power operating loss improved by ! 158 million from 2012, when this segment reported an
operating loss of ! 3,125 million. The 2012 loss was restated by a positive ! 94 million amount due to the adoption in
2013 of the new accounting standard IFRS 11 whereby Eni recognizes, on a line-by-line basis in the Consolidated
Financial Statements, its share of the assets, liabilities and expenses of joint operations incurred jointly with the other
partners, along with the Group’s income from the sale of its share of the output and any liabilities and expenses that the
Group has incurred in relation to the joint operation. See “Item 18 – note 2 – Principles of consolidation – of the Notes
to the Consolidated Financial Statements”. Prior year data have not been restated.
This business has been negatively affected by structural headwinds in the European gas sector in the latest three
fiscal years due to continued deterioration in demand, gas oversupplies and unabated competitive pressure which have
impacted selling margins. The modest improvement recorded in 2013 compared to 2012 was due to the recognition of
lower asset impairments. These losses were mainly incurred by the Marketing business. The International Transport
business operating profit declined by ! 144 million from 2012, or 43.4%.
The loss recorded by the Marketing business in 2013 was driven by a demand downturn and escalating competitive
pressures fuelled by oversupplies in the marketplace, the effects of which were exacerbated by minimum collection
obligations provided by long-term supply contracts, which impacted our operations both in Italy and outside Italy.
Based on these trends, Eni’s gas business in Italy was impacted by plummeting prices realized on short-term selling
contracts to large Italian clients because those prices were benchmarked to Italian spot prices which swiftly aligned to
continental hubs determining negative margins in comparison with oil-linked supply costs. The decline in spot prices
was transferred to long-term selling contracts to certain Italian buyers, whereby Eni had those buyers agreed to revise
the contractual price of the suppliers to align to spot prices. Furthermore, Eni’s results were impacted by sharply lower
margins in the production and sale of gas-fired electricity due to oversupply and increasing competition from more
112
competitive sources such as coal-fired electricity and renewables. The reduced profitability outlook in this business due
to changed underlying fundamentals also resulted in the write down of power plants (! 919 million); in addition
goodwill and other intangibles which were recognized as part of certain business combinations in the gas marketing
business were impaired due to a reduced profitability outlook. These negative trends were partly offset by the positive
effects of price revisions at certain long-term gas suppliers, some of which were retroactive to the previous reporting
period.
In 2012, the Gas & Power segment reported an operating loss of ! 3,125 million, materially down from 2011, when
this segment reported an operating loss of ! 326 million. Those sharply higher losses were mainly incurred by the
Marketing business, while the International Transport business remained profitable albeit reporting a lower profit
compared to 2011 due to the divestment of Eni’s interests in the entities engaged in the transport of gas from Northern
Europe and Russia which was completed in 2011.
The negative performance in the Marketing business was driven by a demand downturn and escalating competitive
pressures fuelled by oversupplies in the marketplace which impacted our operations both in Italy and outside Italy. The
reduced profitability outlook in this business due to changed underlying fundamentals also resulted in the write down of
goodwill and other intangibles which were recognized as part of certain business combinations, among which Distrigas
in 2008 and other minor European gas marketing companies in later years (Altergaz in France). Operating profit was
also impacted by the negative effects of price revisions at certain long-term gas suppliers and customers; this was also
due to the settlement of a number of arbitration proceedings, including settlement of an arbitration proceeding with
GasTerra.
However, excluding impairment losses and the risk provisions accrued in connection with the above mentioned
arbitration proceedings involving price revisions for gas volumes purchased in previous reporting periods, the Gas
Marketing business underlying results improved compared to 2011. Those trends benefited from the renegotiation of
better economic terms for certain supply contracts, including the recognition of better supply costs retroactive to the
beginning of 2011, and an ongoing recovery in Libyan supplies which improved the average costs of gas supplies to the
Company compared to the 2011 performance.
The table below sets forth the breakdown of operating profit (loss) by businesses in the Gas & Power segment:
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
((cid:1) million)
Marketing ..............................................................................................................
International transport ...........................................................................................
(710)
384
(3,457)
332
(3,155)
188
Operating profit of the Gas & Power segment ...............................................
(326)
(3,125)
(2,967)
The operating profit of the Gas & Power segment included the following gains and charges:
Profit (loss) on stock .............................................................................................
Environmental provisions .....................................................................................
Impairment losses .................................................................................................
Net gains on disposal of assets .............................................................................
Risk provisions ......................................................................................................
Provision for redundancy incentives ...................................................................
Fair value gains/losses on commodity derivatives .............................................
Other ......................................................................................................................
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
((cid:1) million)
(163)
2
(2,443)
3
(831)
(5)
(138)
166
(154)
(77)
(34)
(45)
(17)
(191)
1
(1,685)
(1)
(292)
(10)
(314)
(23)
(161)
(3,575)
(2,515)
In reviewing the performance of the Company’s business segments, management generally excludes the gains and
losses listed above in order to assess the underlying industrial trends and obtain a better comparison of base business
performance across reporting periods. We note unprecedented amounts of impairment losses which were recorded
both in 2013 and 2012 with ! 1,685 million and ! 2,443 million, respectively. Those impairment losses were recorded at
the Company’s cash generating unit European market impacting goodwill and other intangibles which were
113
recognized upon prior-years business combinations and power generation plants. The driver of those losses were a
reduced profitability outlook in the business due to continuing demand weakness, strong competitive pressures and
ongoing oversupplies which are expected to hurt the Company’s prices and selling margins for the foreseeable future.
For further information see “Item 18 – notes 15 “Property, plant and equipment” and 17 “Intangible assets” – of the
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”. Risk provisions presented in the table above mainly related to the
expected future losses related to an onerous contract for a LNG re-gasification project due to the fact that the Company
and its partner discontinued the project, while in 2012 they related to price revisions on the renegotiation of certain
long-term supply contracts which contractual time span for price revisions expired in previous periods and within limits
of volumes purchased in prior reporting periods, also due to the settlement of arbitration proceedings.
Refining & Marketing. In 2013, the Refining & Marketing segment reported an operating loss of ! 1,492 million,
down by ! 228 million, or 18%, from 2012 when a loss of ! 1,264 million was incurred. The 2012 loss was restated by a
positive ! 32 million amount due to the adoption in 2013 of the new accounting standard IFRS 11 whereby Eni
recognizes, on a line-by-line basis in the Consolidated Financial Statements, its share of the assets, liabilities and
expenses of joint operations incurred jointly with the other partners, along with the group’s income from the sale of its
share of the output and any liabilities and expenses that the group has incurred in relation to the joint operation. See
“Item 18 – note 2 – Principles of consolidation – of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”. Prior year data
have not been restated.
2013 marked the third consecutive year of losses at this business. This negative trend reflected structural
weaknesses in the European refining industry which was negatively impacted by falling demand, overcapacity and
increasing competition from streams of refined products coming from Russia, Asia and the United States. There were
also company-specific issues; particularly the Company was impacted by reduced flows of heavy crudes in the
Mediterranean Area which squeezed price differentials between the heavy qualities supplied by Eni’s operations and the
Brent market benchmark resulting in sharply lower margins in complex cycles.
In 2013, this negative scenario was partly counteracted by efficiency initiatives, in particular those aimed at
reducing energy and operating costs and optimizing refinery utilization rates by reducing the throughput of less
competitive plants. Marketing results registered a decline compared to the previous year, due to lower consumption in
the retail market. The 2013 operating loss in the Refining & Marketing segment was also affected by material
impairment losses (down by ! 633 million) which were recorded at refining plants due to management’s business
outlook that points to continuing weak fundamentals and unprofitable margins resulting in the projection of lower future
cash flows than the assets carrying amounts. Furthermore, the segment reported an inventory holding loss (stock loss)
from 2012, down to ! 221 million from a gain of ! 29 million.
Inventory holding gains or losses represent the difference between the cost of sales of the volumes sold during the
period calculated using the cost of supplies incurred during the same period and the cost of sales calculated using the
weighted average cost method. Under the weighted average cost method, which we use for IFRS reporting, the cost of
inventory charged to the income statement is based on its historic cost of purchase, or manufacture, rather than its
replacement cost. In volatile energy markets, this can have a significant distorting effect on reported income. The
amounts disclosed represent the difference between the charge (to the income statement) for inventory on a weighted
average cost method basis (after adjusting for any related movements in net realizable value provisions) and the charge
that would have arisen if an average cost of supplies was used for the period. For this purpose, the average cost of
supplies during the period is principally calculated on a quarterly or monthly basis by dividing the total cost of
inventory acquired in the period by the number of barrels acquired. The amounts disclosed are not separately reflected
in the financial statements as a gain or loss. No adjustment is made in respect of the cost of inventories held as part of a
trading position and certain other temporary inventory positions.
In 2012, the Refining & Marketing segment reported an operating loss of ! 1,264 million, down by ! 991 million,
compared to a loss of ! 273 million in 2011. The loss was driven by unprofitable refining margins due to an ongoing
demand downturn for refined products, particularly in Italy, and excess capacity which prevented product prices from
fully absorbing high supply costs of oil-based feedstock and oil-linked plant utilities. The 2012 operating loss in the
Refining & Marketing segment was also affected by material impairment losses (down by ! 846 million) which were
recorded at refining plants due to management’s business outlook that points to continuing weak fundamentals and
unprofitable margins resulting in the projection of lower future cash flows. Furthermore, the segment reported a much
lower inventory holding gain (stock profit) from 2011, down to ! 29 million from ! 907 million. However, excluding
asset impairments and a negative change in the inventory holding gain, the segment underlying results of operations
improved compared to 2011. That trend reflected a slightly more favorable refining scenario as the benchmark margin
on 2012 Brent crude rose by 2.77 $/BBL from 2011 and as management continued to focus on achieving efficiency
gains, optimization measures and reduced refinery downtime. The Marketing activity reported lower results, due to
lower retail and wholesale demand for gasoline and gasoil, and other products impacted by the economic downturn and
high competitive pressure. Results were also affected by increased expenses associated with certain marketing
initiatives including a special discount on prices at the pump during the summer week-ends in Italy.
114
The operating profit of the Refining & Marketing segment included the following gains and charges:
Profit (loss) on stock .............................................................................................
Environmental provisions .....................................................................................
Impairment losses .................................................................................................
Net gains on disposal of assets .............................................................................
Risk provisions ......................................................................................................
Provision for redundancy incentives ...................................................................
Fair value gains/losses on commodity derivatives .............................................
Other ......................................................................................................................
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
((cid:1) million)
907
(34)
(488)
(10)
(8)
(81)
3
(27)
29
(40)
(846)
(5)
(49)
(19)
(53)
(221)
(93)
(633)
9
(91)
(5)
(3)
262
(983)
(1,037)
In reviewing the performance of the Company’s business segments, management generally excludes the gains and
losses listed above in order to assess the underlying industrial trends and obtain a better comparison of base business
performance across reporting periods. We note that losses listed above include material impairment losses of refining
plants due to the management’s business outlook that points to continuing weak fundamentals and unprofitable margins
resulting in the projection of lower future cash flows. Furthermore, we regard the inventory holding gain as lacking
correlation to the underlying business performance which we track by matching revenues with current costs of supplies.
Chemicals. In 2013, the Chemical segment reported a slight deterioration in the operating loss, down by ! 44
million, or 6.5%, compared to 2012 (from a loss of ! 681 million in 2012 to a loss of ! 725 million in 2013). This
negative performance was driven by falling commodity demand due to the economic downturn and increasing
competition from Asian producers which impacted product margins and sales volumes which remained at depressed
levels. Sales volumes decreased by 4.3%. Furthermore, the segment reported a much higher inventory holding loss
(stock loss) from 2012, down to ! 213 million from ! 63 million.
In 2012, the Chemical segment incurred a larger operating loss, down by ! 257 million, or 60.6%, compared to
2011 (from a loss of ! 424 million in 2011 to a loss of ! 681 million in 2012). This negative performance was driven by
falling commodity demand due to the economic downturn and unprofitable product margins of oil-based commodities
which were squeezed by high crude oil costs, as signaled by a negative benchmark margin of cracking. Sales volumes
decreased by 2.1%.
Profit (loss) on stock .............................................................................................
Settlement/payments on Antitrust and other authorities proceedings ...............
Environmental provisions .....................................................................................
Impairment losses .................................................................................................
Risk provisions ......................................................................................................
Net gains on disposal of assets .............................................................................
Provision for redundancy incentives ...................................................................
Fair value gains/losses on commodity derivatives .............................................
Other ......................................................................................................................
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
((cid:1) million)
(63)
(213)
(112)
(18)
(1)
(14)
(1)
(61)
(44)
(4)
(23)
1
40
(10)
(1)
(160)
(17)
(3)
(151)
(209)
(344)
In reviewing the performance of the Company’s business segments, management generally excludes the gains and
losses listed above in order to assess the underlying industrial trends and obtain a better comparison of base business
performance across reporting periods.
Engineering & Construction. In 2013, the Engineering & Construction segment registered sharply lower results
recording an operating loss of ! 98 million compared to operating profit of ! 1,453 million recorded in 2012 (down
! 1,551 million). This result reflected a worsening trading environment, as well as customer relationship and
management issues that began to emerge late in 2012 and fully materialize in the first half of 2013, resulting in a
sharply lower revision of margin estimates at certain large contracts for the construction of onshore industrial
115
complexes, as well as a slowdown in order acquisitions in Onshore and Offshore Engineering & Construction
businesses.
Operating profit in 2012 amounted to ! 1,453 million, substantially in line with the previous year result (up ! 31
million, or 2.2% compared to 2011). This result reflected higher revenues and better margins on the works executed,
mainly in the third quarter of 2012, in the Engineering & Construction business unit, in the Middle and Far East, as well
as in Offshore Drilling, where the Scarabeo 8 and Scarabeo 9 activity compensated the negative impact of the upgrade
shutdown of the semi-submersible platforms Scarabeo 3 and Scarabeo 6. However, from the second half of 2012,
business trends commenced to reverse due to reduced activity and a slowdown in new orders acquisitions mainly in the
Onshore E&C and Offshore E&C businesses, leading the Company to negatively revise the profitability outlook for
2013.
The operating profit of Engineering & Construction segment included the following gains and charges:
Impairment losses .................................................................................................
Net gains on disposal of assets .............................................................................
Provision for redundancy incentives ...................................................................
Fair value gains/losses on commodity derivatives .............................................
Other ......................................................................................................................
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
((cid:1) million)
(25)
(3)
(7)
3
(35)
(4)
(10)
28
(107)
(2)
1
109
(21)
(32)
1
Other activities. This reporting segment includes the results of operations of Eni’s subsidiary Syndial which runs
minor petrochemical activities and reclamation and decommissioning activities pertaining to certain businesses which
Eni exited, divested or liquidated in past years.
This subsidiary reported operating losses of ! 337 million for 2013, ! 300 million for 2012 and ! 427 million for
2011. The magnitude of losses was mainly influenced by the recognition of risk provisions mainly related to
environmental issues and litigation whose breakdown is provided below. See “Item 4 – Environmental regulation” for
further details.
Loss provisions on Antitrust and other authorities proceedings ........................
Environmental provisions .....................................................................................
Impairment losses .................................................................................................
Net gains on disposal of assets .............................................................................
Risk provisions ......................................................................................................
Provision for redundancy incentives ...................................................................
Other ......................................................................................................................
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
((cid:1) million)
(59)
(141)
(4)
7
(9)
(8)
13
(201)
(25)
(2)
12
(35)
(2)
(26)
(78)
(52)
(19)
3
(31)
(20)
(8)
(127)
In addition to the above listed charges, losses for the reporting periods presented derived from a marginal line of
business that the Company is planning to shut down.
Corporate and financial companies. These activities are mainly cost centers which comprise corporate activities
and central treasury departments and financial and other subsidiaries that provide a range of financial and business
support services to Group companies, including financing of Eni’s projects worldwide, information technology, legal
affairs, corporate secretary, employee selection, training and retention, real estate and other general purpose services.
The aggregate Corporate and financial companies reported an operating loss of ! 399 million for 2013, representing
an increase of ! 58 million, compared to the loss recorded in 2012 (! 341 million), mainly reflecting the recognition of
other risk provisions which were partly offset by the implementation of cost efficiency measures.
116
The aggregate Corporate and financial companies reported an operating loss of ! 341 million for 2012, representing
an increase of ! 22 million, compared to the loss recorded in 2011 (! 319 million), mainly reflecting the recognition of
other risk provisions.
e) Net finance expense
The table below sets forth a breakdown of Eni’s net financial expense for the periods indicated:
Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments ..................................................
Exchange differences, net .....................................................................................
Net income from financial activities held for trading .........................................
Interest income ......................................................................................................
Finance expense on short and long-term debt .....................................................
Finance expense due to the passage of time ........................................................
Other finance income and expense, net ...............................................................
Finance expense capitalized .................................................................................
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
((cid:1) million)
(112)
(111)
(252)
131
22
(922)
(235)
100
(1,258)
112
28
(986)
(308)
(134)
(1,521)
150
(92)
37
4
43
(923)
(240)
(8)
(1,179)
170
(1,146)
(1,371)
(1,009)
2013 compared to 2012. In 2013, net finance expense was ! 1,009 million, down by ! 362 million compared to
2012 reflecting lower finance expense on borrowings (down ! 63 million) due to lower market interests and lower losses
recognized in fair value evaluation of certain derivative instruments on interest rates (! 92 million loss in 2013 compared
to ! 252 million loss in 2012) which did not meet the formal criteria to be designated as hedges under IFRS. Negative
exchange differences net (down ! 94 million) were partly offset by lower losses on exchange rate derivatives (up ! 160
million). Other finance expense decreased by ! 126 million from 2012 mainly due to the fact that the 2012 results
reflected finance charges accrued on amounts due to certain gas suppliers following the definition of contractual price
revisions.
2012 compared to 2011. In 2012, net finance expense was ! 1,371 million, up by ! 225 million compared to 2011
due to negative estimate revisions of certain discounted provisions due to a changed interest rate environment recorded
in the line item “Finance expense due to the passage of time” (down by ! 73 million), higher finance charges (down by
! 64 million) and other finance expense (down by ! 234 million) reflecting finance charges accrued on amounts due to
certain gas suppliers following the definition of contractual price revisions. The higher balance of gains and losses due
to exchange differences (up by ! 242 million) was partly offset by losses on exchange rate derivatives recognized
through profit as lacking the formal criteria for hedge accounting. Finally, a loss of ! 26 million was recognized on the
fair value evaluation of a call option embedded in a convertible bond whose underlying shares were represented by a
stake in Galp equaling to 8% of the share capital of the investee. This loss was matched by a market fair value gain
through profit which was recorded on the Galp shares underlying the convertible bond and reported in the line item
“Income on investments”.
f) Net income from investments
2013 compared to 2012. Net income from investments in 2013 was a net gain of ! 6,085 million and mainly related
to: (i) gains on disposal of assets, in particular the gain recorded on the sale of a 28.57% interest in Eni East Africa,
which is the operator of Area 4 in Mozambique, to China National Petroleum Corp (! 3,359 million), and the fair-value
revaluation of Eni’s interest in Artic Russia (! 1,682 million) due to the fact that joint control was lost over the investee
following the satisfaction, before year end, of all conditions precedent to the Sale and Purchase Agreement signed with
Gazprom in November 2013. The consideration for the disposal was received in January 2014; (ii) Eni’s share of profit
of entities accounted for under the equity-accounting method (! 222 million), mainly in the Exploration & Production
and Gas & Power segments; and (iii) dividends received from entities accounted for at cost (! 400 million), relating to
Nigeria LNG Ltd (! 224 million), Snam SpA (! 72 million) and Galp Energia SGPS SA (! 43 million). These gains are
further explained in “Item 18 – note 18 – Investments – of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”.
2012 compared to 2011. Net income from investments in 2012 was a net gain of ! 2,789 million and mainly
related to: (i) Eni’s share of profit of entities accounted for under the equity-accounting method (! 186 million)
117
mainly in the Gas & Power segment; (ii) dividends received by entities accounted for at cost (! 431 million); (iii) gains
on disposal of assets (! 349 million) mainly relating to the divestment of a 9% interest in Galp (! 311 million) in two
trances (a 5% interest sold to Amorim BV and a 4% sold to institutional investors through an accelerated book-building
procedure in November 2012); and (iv) other net income (! 1,823 million) which reflected revaluation gains recorded on
the Company’s interest in Galp. Those gains are further explained in “Item 18 – note 18 – Investments – of the Notes to
the Consolidated Financial Statements”.
g) Taxes
2013 compared to 2012. In 2013, income taxes amounted to ! 9,005 million, down by ! 2,674 million compared to
2012, or 22.9%, mainly reflecting lower income taxes currently payable by subsidiaries in the Exploration & Production
segment operating outside Italy due to a declining taxable profit. The Company recognized a write down of ! 954
million of deferred tax assets to reflect a lower likelihood that certain deferred tax assets of Italian subsidiaries can be
recovered in future periods due to an expected reduction in taxable income generated in Italy.
The Group’s consolidated tax rate decreased to 64.5% in 2013 compared to 70.2% in 2012, down 5.7 percentage
points. This was mainly due to the recognition of gains which were non-taxable items for tax purposes or subject to a
rate lower than the Group statutory tax rate. These gains were mainly recorded on the sale of a 28.57% interest in Eni
East Africa SpA and the fair-value revaluation of Eni’s interest in Artic Russia. The reported tax rate of 64.5% was
higher than the Group statutory tax rate of 43%, which corresponds to the Italian tax rate for corporation profit, due to
the fact the Group profit before taxation was mainly earned by the Group foreign subsidiaries in the Exploration and
Production segment which are taxed at rates that are much higher than the Italian statutory tax rate.
Management also estimated the tax rate at approximately 66% excluding certain items such as divestment gains
and asset impairments and other risk provisions. We expect that, absent any gains on divestment and other charges
which we do not plan for, the Group tax rate in 2014 will be mainly in line with the underlying tax rate of 2013 as
management forecasts that a large part of the Group taxable profit will be earned by the Exploration & Production
segment. Looking forward, management believes that the Group tax rate might come a bit lower due to a projected
increase in taxable profit reported by foreign subsidiaries in the Exploration & Production segment with a
lower-than-average tax rate reflecting production start-ups and a progressive recovery in the profitability of the other
Group business segments which tax rate is in line with the Italian statutory tax rate.
2012 compared to 2011. In 2012, income taxes amounted to ! 11,679 million, up by ! 1,776 million compared to
2011, or 17.9%, mainly reflecting higher income taxes currently payable by subsidiaries in the Exploration
& Production segment operating outside Italy due to higher taxable profit and a write down of ! 1,030 million which
was recorded at deferred tax assets of Italian subsidiaries.
The Group’s consolidated tax rate increased compared to 2011, up from 55.7% to 70.2% (up 14.5 percentage
points). This increase was due to:
(i) a write down of ! 1,030 million which was recognized to reflect a lower likelihood that certain deferred tax
assets of Italian subsidiaries can be recovered in future periods due to an expected reduction in taxable income
generated in Italy, and as Eni has lost the availability of Snam taxable profit against which Italian tax assets
can be utilized following the deconsolidation of Snam;
(ii) a shift from profit earned by associates to increased taxable income reported by the Exploration & Production
segment, subject to higher tax rates; and
(iii) the significant amount of non-deductible charges (mainly the goodwill impairment of the European market
cash generating unit).
These negatives were partly offset by the non-taxable gains which were recorded on the Galp interest and the fact
that based on the accounting provided by IFRS 5, the Group taxable income from continuing operations benefited from
Snam’s margins on intercompany transactions which are deprived of any tax impact.
h) Non-controlling interest
2013 compared to 2012. Net loss pertaining to non-controlling interest was ! 201 million and concerned primarily
Saipem SpA (! 190 million).
2012 compared to 2011. Net profit pertaining to non-controlling interest was ! 889 million and concerned primarily
Saipem SpA (! 627 million).
118
Liquidity and capital resources
Eni’s cash requirements for working capital, dividends to shareholders, capital expenditures and acquisitions over
the past three years were financed primarily by a combination of funds generated from operations, borrowings and
divestments of non-strategic assets. The Group continually monitors the balance between cash flow from operating
activities and net expenditures targeting a sound and well-balanced financing structure.
The following table summarizes the Group cash flows and the principal components of Eni’s change in cash and
cash equivalent for the periods indicated.
Net profit - continuing operations ....................................................................
Adjustments to reconcile net profit to net cash provided
by operating activities:
- amortization and depreciation charges, impairment losses
and other non-monetary items ...........................................................................
- net gains on disposal of assets ...........................................................................
- dividends, interest, taxes and other changes .....................................................
Changes in working capital related to operations ...............................................
Dividends received, taxes paid, interest (paid) received during the period ......
Net cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations .............
Net cash provided by operating activities - discontinued operations ................
Net cash provided by operating activities .......................................................
Capital expenditures - continuing operations ................................................
Capital expenditures - discontinued operations ..................................................
Capital expenditures ...........................................................................................
Investments and purchases of consolidated subsidiaries and businesses ..........
Disposals ................................................................................................................
Other cash flow related to investing activities (*) ................................................
Changes in short and long-term finance debt ......................................................
Dividends paid and changes in non-controlling interests and reserves .............
Effect of changes in consolidation and exchange differences ...........................
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
((cid:1) million)
7,877
4,947
4,959
8,606
(1,176)
9,918
(1,696)
(9,766)
13,763
619
14,382
(11,909)
(1,529)
(13,438)
(360)
1,912
668
1,104
(4,327)
10
11,501
(875)
11,962
(3,281)
(11,702)
12,552
15
12,567
(12,805)
(756)
(13,561)
(569)
6,025
(272)
5,814
(3,743)
(16)
9,723
(3,770)
9,174
456
(9,516)
11,026
11,026
(12,800)
(12,800)
(317)
6,360
(4,224)
1,715
(4,225)
(40)
Change in cash and cash equivalent for the year ...........................................
(49)
6,245
(2,505)
Cash and cash equivalent at the beginning of the year (1) ...................................
Cash and cash equivalent at year end ..................................................................
1,549
1,500
1,691
7,936
7,936
5,431
_______
(1)
(*)
The 2012 opening balance was restated in accordance with IFRS 10 and IFRS 11.
Net cash used in investing activities included investments in certain financial assets (mainly bank deposits) to absorb temporary surpluses of cash or as part of our
ordinary management of financing activities. Due to their nature and the circumstance that they are very liquid, these financial assets are netted against finance debt
in determining net borrowings. In addition, from 2013 the Company has been maintaining a cash reserve made by very liquid investments (mainly sovereign and
corporate securities which management has selected based on their creditworthiness) by investing part of the proceeds from the disposition plan which has been
made in 2012 and 2013 and the proceeds from the reimbursement of certain financing receivables towards the former subsidiary Snam which was divested at the
end of 2012. These investments are held-for-trading financial assets. For more information on their composition see “Item 18 – note 8 – Financial assets held for
trading – of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”. For the definition of net borrowings, see “Financial Condition” below. Cash flows of such
investments were as follows:
(! million)
2011
2012
2013
Financing investments:
- securities .....................................................................................................................................
- financing receivables .................................................................................................................
Disposal of financing investments:
- securities .....................................................................................................................................
- financing receivables .................................................................................................................
Net cash flows from financing activities .................................................................................
(21)
(26)
(47)
71
17
88
41
(1,172)
(1,172)
6
1,087
1,093
(79)
(5,029)
(105)
(5,134)
28
1,125
1,153
(3,981)
119
The table below sets forth the principal components of Eni’s change in net borrowings (1) for the periods indicated.
Net cash provided by operating activities .......................................................
Capital expenditures .............................................................................................
Acquisitions of investments and businesses ........................................................
Disposals ................................................................................................................
Other cash flow related to capital expenditures, investments and divestments
Net borrowings (1) of acquired companies ...........................................................
Net borrowings (1) of divested companies ...........................................................
Exchange differences on net borrowings and other changes .............................
Dividends paid and changes in minority interest and reserves ..........................
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
14,382
(13,438)
(360)
1,912
627
(192)
(517)
(4,327)
((cid:1) million)
12,567
(13,561)
(569)
6,025
(193)
(2)
12,446
(345)
(3,743)
11,026
(12,800)
(317)
6,360
(243)
(21)
(23)
349
(4,225)
Change in net borrowings (1) ..............................................................................
(1,913)
12,625
106
Net borrowings (1) (2) at the beginning of the year ...............................................
Net borrowings (1) at year end ...............................................................................
________
26,119
28,032
27,694
15,069
15,069
14,963
(1)
(2)
Net borrowings is a non-GAAP financial measure. For a discussion of the usefulness of net borrowings and its reconciliation with the most directly comparable
GAAP financial measures see “Financial Condition” below.
The 2012 opening balance was restated in accordance with IFRS 10 and IFRS 11.
Analysis of certain components of Eni’s change in net borrowings
In 2013, adjustments to reconcile net profit from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities
from continuing operations mainly related to non-monetary charges and gains, which primarily regarded depreciation,
depletion, amortization and impairment charges of tangible and intangible assets (! 11,821 million) net of the fair value
revaluation of Eni’s interest in Artic Russia amounting to ! 1,682 million and other changes. Adjustments to net profit
also included gains on disposals (! 3,770 million) mainly relating to the Mozambique transaction, income taxes (! 9,005
million) and interest expenses (! 711 million) net of the dividends and interest income accrued in the year as opposed to
amounts actually paid.
In 2012, adjustments to reconcile net profit from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities
from continuing operations mainly related to non-monetary charges and gains, which primarily regarded depreciation,
depletion, amortization and impairment charges of tangible and intangible assets (! 13,617 million). Adjustments to net
profit from continuing operations also included gains on disposals (! 875 million), while the difference between accrued
amounts of income taxes, interest expenses and other items as opposed to amounts actually disbursed was immaterial.
a) Changes in working capital related to operations
In 2013, changes in working capital generated cash flows amounting to a positive ! 456 million as a result of:
(i) decreasing gas and petroleum products inventories (a positive ! 350 million) as a result of destocking oil and
products inventories, the effect of which were partly offset by higher contract work in progress in the Engineering
& Construction segment albeit of a lower magnitude than in 2012; and (ii) a positive balance of other current assets and
liabilities (up by ! 723 million) which mainly reflected a net positive inflow in the Gas & Power segment due to the
collection of pre-paid volumes of gas under take-or-pay contracts and the collection of receivables from supplied
long-term customers which were partly offset by payments made to long term, gas suppliers for the lower volumes of
gas collected in 2012 with respect to minimum take obligations. Also the Engineering & Construction segment
benefited from cash inflows from contract advances; the effects of which were partly offset by net cash absorbed by the
balance between trade receivables and payables (down by ! 676 million) due to a deteriorated credit environment,
particularly in the Gas & Power segment, which caused a slowdown in the collection of trading receivables; and
increased exposure to joint venture partners in the Exploration & Production segment in the execution of capital
projects and due to under-lifting with respect to the Company’s own share of production.
In 2012, changes in working capital absorbed cash flows amounting to a negative ! 3,281 million as a result of:
(i) increasing inventories (up ! 1,402 million) mainly related to higher contract work in progress in the Engineering
& Construction segment; (ii) an increased balance between trade payables and receivables (up by ! 1,147 million)
120
also resulting from a higher volume of trade receivables which were mainly recorded in the Gas & Power segment; and
(iii) cash prepayments amounting to approximately ! 500 million made to the Company’s gas suppliers which were
recorded on the take-or-pay position accrued in 2012 including payment of outstanding receivables at the beginning of
the year. For further details on that asset see “Item 18 – Note 21 – Other non-current receivables – of the Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements”.
b) Investing activities
Exploration & Production ....................................................................................
Gas & Power .........................................................................................................
Refining & Marketing ..........................................................................................
Chemicals ..............................................................................................................
Engineering & Construction .................................................................................
Other activities ......................................................................................................
Corporate and financial companies ......................................................................
Impact of unrealized intragroup profit elimination .............................................
Capital expenditures - continuing operations ................................................
Capital expenditures - discontinued operations ..................................................
Capital expenditures ...........................................................................................
Acquisition of investments and businesses ......................................................
Year ended December 31,
2011
2012
2013
9,435
192
866
216
1,090
10
128
(28)
11,909
1,529
13,438
360
((cid:1) million)
10,307
213
898
172
1,011
14
152
38
12,805
756
13,561
569
10,475
229
672
314
902
21
190
(3)
12,800
12,800
317
13,798
14,130
13,117
Disposals ...............................................................................................................
(1,912)
(6,025)
(6,360)
Capital expenditures totaled ! 12,800 million and ! 13,561 million, respectively in 2013 and in 2012.
For a discussion of capital expenditures by business segment and a description of year-on-year changes see below
“Capital expenditures by segment”.
Acquisition of investments and businesses totaled ! 317 million in 2013 and ! 569 million in 2012.
In 2013, disposals amounted to ! 6,360 million and mainly related to: (i) the divestment of a 28.57% interest in Eni
East Africa, currently retaining an interest of 70% in the Area 4 mineral property in Mozambique to China National
Petroleum Corp (! 3,386 million), (ii) the divestment of the 11.69% interest in the share capital of Snam (! 1,459
million), (iii) the sale of a 8.19% interest in the share capital of Galp (! 830 million); and (iv) other non-strategic assets
in the Exploration & Production segment.
In 2012, disposals amounted to ! 6,025 million and mainly related to: the divestment of 30% interest less one share
in Snam to Cassa Depositi e Prestiti (! 3,517 million), two trances of the interest in Galp for an overall amount of ! 963
million (a 5% interest sold to Amorim BV and a 4% sold through an accelerated book-building procedure), a 10%
interest in the Karachaganak field (! 500 million), a 1.43% interest in the Gassled JV, a network of gas pipelines and
terminals for natural gas transportation (! 130 million) and other non-strategic assets in the Exploration & Production
segment (! 565 million). The proceeds on the divestment of an interest of 5% in Snam before loss of control to
institutional investors (! 612 million) were recognized as an equity transaction.
c) Dividends paid and changes in non-controlling interests and reserves
In 2013, dividends paid and changes in non-controlling interests and reserves (! 4,225 million) mainly related to:
(i) cash dividends to Eni shareholders (! 3,949 million, which ! 1,993 million relating to 2013 interim dividend and
! 1,956 million to the balance dividend for fiscal year 2012 to Eni’s shareholders); and (ii) the distribution of dividends
to non-controlling interests by Saipem SpA (! 170 million) and other consolidated subsidiaries (! 80 million).
121
In 2012, dividends paid and changes in non-controlling interests and reserves (! 3,743 million) mainly related to:
(i) cash dividends to Eni shareholders (! 3,840 million, which ! 1,956 million relating to 2012 interim dividend and
! 1,884 million to the balance dividend for fiscal year 2011 to Eni’s shareholders); and (ii) the distribution of dividends
to non-controlling interests by Snam SpA and Saipem SpA (! 486 million) and other consolidated subsidiaries (! 50
million). Those outflows were partly absorbed by an equity transaction involving 5% of the share capital of Snam which
was divested to third-party investors before loss of control for ! 612 million.
Financial condition
Management assesses the Group capital structure and capital condition by tracking net borrowings, which is a
non-GAAP financial measure. Eni calculates net borrowings as total finance debt (short-term and long-term debt)
derived from its Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in accordance with IFRS less: cash, cash equivalents and
certain highly liquid investments not related to operations including, among others, non-operating financing receivables
and securities not related to operations. From 2013 the Company has been maintaining a cash reserve comprised of very
liquid investments (mainly sovereign and corporate securities which management has selected based on their
creditworthiness) by investing part of the proceeds from the disposition plan carried out in 2012 and 2013 and the
proceeds from the reimbursement of certain financing receivables towards the former subsidiary Snam which was
divested at the end of 2012. Those securities amounted to ! 5,037 million as of end of 2013 and were accounted as
mark-to-market financial instruments. For further information see “Item 18 – note 8 – Financial assets held for trading –
of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”. Non-operating financing receivables consist mainly of deposits
with banks and other financing institutions and deposits in escrow.
Management believes that net borrowings is a useful measure of Eni’s financial condition as it provides insight
about the soundness of Eni’s capital structure and the ways in which Eni’s operating assets are financed. In addition,
management utilizes the ratio of net borrowings to total shareholders’ equity including non-controlling interest
(leverage) to assess Eni’s capital structure, to analyze whether the ratio between finance debt and shareholders’ equity is
well balanced according to industry standards and to track management’s short-term and medium-term targets.
Management continuously monitors trends in net borrowings and trends in leverage in order to optimize the use of
internally-generated funds versus funds from third parties. The measure calculated in accordance with IFRS that is most
directly comparable to net borrowings is total debt (short-term and long-term debt). The most directly comparable
measure, derived from IFRS reported amounts, to leverage is the ratio of total debt to shareholders’ equity (including
non-controlling interest). Eni’s presentation and calculation of net borrowings and leverage may not be comparable to
that of other companies.
The tables below set forth the calculations of net borrowings and leverage for the periods indicated and their
reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.
2011
2012
2013
As of December 31,
Short-term
Long-term
Total
Short-term
Long-term
Total
Short-term
Long-term
Total
((cid:1) million)
Total debt (short-term
and long-term debt) ...
Cash
and cash equivalents .....
Securities held for trading
and other securities held
for non-operating
purposes .........................
Non-operating financing
receivables ....................
6,495
23,102
29,597
5,047
19,145
24,192
4,685
20,875
25,560
(1,500)
(1,500)
(7,936)
(7,936)
(5,431)
(5,431)
(37)
(28)
(37)
(36)
(36)
(5,037)
(28)
(1,151)
(1,151)
(129)
(5,037)
(129)
Net borrowings ...........
4,930
23,102
28,032
(4,076)
19,145
15,069
(5,912)
20,875
14,963
122
As of December 31,
2011
2012
2013
Shareholders’ equity including non-controlling interest
as per Eni’s Consolidated Financial Statements
prepared in accordance with IFRS .............................................
Ratio of total debt to total shareholders’ equity
including non-controlling interest ............................................................................
Less: ratio of cash, cash equivalents and certain liquid investments not related
to operations to total shareholders’ equity including non-controlling interest .....
Ratio of net borrowing to total shareholders’ equity
including non-controlling interest (leverage) ..........................................................
(! million)
60,393
62,417
61,049
0.49
0.39
0.42
(0.03)
(0.15)
(0.17)
0.46
0.24
0.25
In 2013, net borrowings amounted to ! 14,963 million, representing a ! 106 million decrease from 2012 as a result
of net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations (! 11,026 million) and proceeds from disposals of
! 6,360 million which funded cash outflows relating to capital expenditures totaling ! 12,800 million and investments
(! 317 million) and dividend payments and other changes amounting to ! 4,225 million, and currency translation
differences which amounted to a positive ! 630 million.
The Group leverage was 0.25 at December 31, 2013 reporting a small increase from 0.24 as of end of 2012.
Total equity decreased by ! 1,368 million from December 31, 2012. This was due to comprehensive income for the
year (! 2,909 million) as a result of net profit (! 4,959 million), which was partly offset by foreign currency translation
differences (! 1,872 million) in translating to euro amounts the net equity of subsidiaries whose functional currency is
the U.S. dollar due to the euro revaluation in exchange rates recorded at year end (up by 4.5% due to the exchange rate
recorded on December 31, 2013 at 1 euro = 1.379 US$ compared to 1 euro = 1.319 US$ at December 31, 2012). This
addition to equity was almost completely offset by dividend payments to Eni’s shareholders and other changes for
! 4,225 million.
Total debt of ! 25,560 million consisted of ! 4,685 million of short-term debt (including the portion of long-term
debt due within twelve months equal to ! 2,132 million) and ! 20,875 million of long-term debt.
Total debt included ordinary bonds for ! 18,151 million (including accrued interest and discount on issuance).
Bonds maturing in the next 18 months amounted to ! 3,493 million (including accrued interest and discount). Bonds
issued in 2013 amounted to ! 3,096 million (including accrued interest and discount). Total debt was denominated in the
following currencies: euro (90%), U.S. dollar (7%), pound sterling (2%) and 1% in other currencies.
In 2012, net borrowings amounted to ! 15,069 million, representing a ! 12,963 million decrease from 2011. This
decrease was mainly due to the divestment of a 30% interest in Snam to Cassa Depositi e Prestiti (! 3,517 million) and,
following the loss of control in this entity, the deconsolidation of Snam net borrowings of ! 12,448 million, which
entered finance arrangements with third-party lenders to reimburse intercompany loans.
Net cash provided by operating activities (! 12,567 million) and proceeds from disposals of ! 6,025 million funded
cash outflows relating to capital expenditures totaling ! 13,561 million and investments (! 569 million) relating to the
acquisition of Nuon in Belgium and joint venture projects, as well as dividend payments to shareholders.
The Group leverage was 0.24 at December 31, 2012 declining from 0.46 as of end of 2011 due to the lower level
of net borrowings.
Capital expenditures by segment
Exploration & Production. In 2013, capital expenditures of the Exploration & Production segment amounted to
! 10,475 million, representing an increase of ! 168 million, or 1.6%, from 2012 mainly due to the development of oil and
gas reserves (! 8,580 million). Significant expenditures were directed mainly outside Italy, in particular Norway, the
United States, Angola, Congo, Nigeria, Kazakhstan, Egypt and the United Kingdom. Development expenditures in Italy
concerned the well drilling program and facility upgrading in Val d’Agri, as well as sidetrack and infilling activities in
mature fields. About 98% of exploration expenditures that amounted to ! 1,850 million were directed outside Italy, in
particular in Mozambique, Norway, Congo, Togo, Nigeria, the United States and Angola as well as the acquisition of
new licenses in the Republic of Cyprus and in Vietnam.
In 2012, capital expenditures of the Exploration & Production segment amounted to ! 10,307 million,
representing an increase of ! 872 million, or 9.2%, from 2011 mainly due to the development of oil and gas reserves
(! 8,304 million). Significant expenditures were directed mainly outside Italy, in particular Norway, the United
123
States, Congo, Kazakhstan, Angola and Algeria. Development expenditures in Italy concerned the well drilling program
and facility upgrading in Val d’Agri, as well as sidetrack and infilling activities in mature fields. About 98% of
exploration expenditures that amounted to ! 1,850 million were directed outside Italy, in particular in Mozambique,
Liberia, Ghana, Indonesia, Nigeria, Angola and Australia.
Gas & Power. In 2013, capital expenditures in the Gas & Power segment totaled ! 229 million and mainly related
to initiatives to improve flexibility of the combined-cycle power plants (! 119 million) and to develop the gas marketing
activity (! 87 million).
In 2012, capital expenditures in the Gas & Power segment totaled ! 213 million and mainly related to initiatives to
improve flexibility of the combined-cycle power plants (! 123 million) and to develop the gas marketing activity (! 77
million).
Refining & Marketing. In 2013, capital expenditures in the Refining & Marketing segment amounted to ! 672
million and regarded mainly: (i) refining, supply and logistics with projects designed to improve the conversion rate and
flexibility of refineries (! 462 million), in particular at the Sannazzaro refinery; and (ii) upgrading and rebranding of the
refined product retail network (! 210 million).
In 2012, capital expenditures in the Refining & Marketing segment amounted to ! 898 million and regarded
mainly: (i) refining, supply and logistics with projects designed to improve the conversion rate and flexibility of
refineries (! 639 million), in particular at the Sannazzaro refinery; and (ii) upgrading and rebranding of the refined
product retail network (! 259 million).
Chemicals. In 2013, capital expenditures in the Chemical segment amounted to ! 314 million and regarded mainly:
(i) improvement of plants’ efficiency (! 170 million); (ii) upkeeping of plants (! 66 million); (iii) environmental
protection, safety and environmental regulation (! 52 million); and (iv) maintenance and savings (! 14 million).
In 2012, capital expenditures in the Chemical segment amounted to ! 172 million and regarded mainly: (i) plant
upgrades (! 53 million) in particular in Ravenna; (ii) energy efficiency (! 41 million), mainly related to energy savings
projects aimed at reducing CO2 emissions; (iii) environmental protection, safety and environmental regulation (! 38
million), relating primarily to the optimization of discharge water treatment; and (iv) upkeeping of plants (! 25 million).
Engineering & Construction. In 2013, capital expenditures in the Engineering & Construction segment (! 902
million) mainly regarded: (i) completion of the preparation work for a new pipelayer, in continuation of the construction
activity of a new base in Brazil, as well as maintenance and upgrading of existing assets in the Offshore Engineering
& Construction business; (ii) acquisition of equipment and facilities for the base in Canada, as well as maintenance of
the asset base in the Onshore Engineering & Construction business; (iii) upgrading of the works on the
semi-submersible rig Scarabeo 5 and Scarabeo 7 as well as jack-up Perro Negro 3, in the Offshore Drilling business
unit; and (iv) purchase of materials and equipment and planned upkeep of the current asset base in the Onshore Drilling
business.
In 2012, capital expenditures in the Engineering & Construction segment (! 1,011 million) mainly regarded: (i) the
construction of a new pipelayer, the construction of a new fabrication yard in Indonesia, the construction of a new
fabrication yard in Brazil and upkeep works in the Offshore Engineering & Construction business; (ii) activities for the
completion of the construction of the Scarabeo 8 and the upgrading of the Scarabeo 6 to make it capable of drilling up
to 1,100 meters of water; (iii) realization/development of operating structures in the Offshore Drilling business unit; and
(iv) purchase of materials and equipment and planned upkeep of the current asset base in the Onshore Drilling business.
124
Recent developments
The table below sets forth certain indicators of the trading environment for the periods indicated:
Three months
ended March 31,
2013
2014
Average price of Brent dated crude oil in U.S. dollars (1) ................................................................... 112.60 108.21
Average price of Brent dated crude oil in euro (2)................................................................................ 84.66
78.96
Average EUR/USD exchange rate (3).................................................................................................... 1.330
1.371
Average European refining margin in U.S. dollars (4) .........................................................................
1.70
3.92
EURIBOR - three month euro rate % (3)...............................................................................................
0.3
0.2
________
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Price per barrel. Source: Platt’s Oilgram.
Price per barrel. Source: Eni’s calculations based on Platt’s Oilgram data for Brent prices and the EUR/USD exchange rate reported by the European Central Bank
(ECB).
Source: ECB.
Price per barrel. FOB Mediterranean Brent dated crude oil. Source: Eni calculations based on Platt’s Oilgram data.
Significant transactions
The Company’s Annual General Shareholders Meeting scheduled on May 8, 2014, is due to approve the full year
dividend proposal of ! 1.10 per share. Eni expects to pay the balance of the dividend for fiscal year 2013 amounting to
! 0.55 per share in May 2014. The total cash out is estimated at ! 1.99 billion.
On January 15, 2014, the divestment of Eni’s interest in Artic Russia was closed and the Company collected
proceeds of ! 2.2 billion.
On March 28, 2014, through an accelerated book-building procedure aimed at institutional investors, Eni sold
approximately 7% of the share capital of Galp Energia SGPS SA at the price of ! 12.10 per share, for a total
consideration of ! 702.4 million. Following this transaction, Eni retains a 9% interest in Galp, of which 8% underlying
the approximately ! 1,028 million exchangeable bond due on November 30, 2015.
On March 31, 2014, Eni and Statoil have signed final agreement on the revision of the long-term gas supply
contract currently in force between the two parties. The revision is reflecting changed fundamentals in the gas sector
and will determine a positive effect in 2014 profit. The final agreement, which follows the Heads of Agreement signed
on February 27, 2014, implies the end of the arbitration proceedings previously initiated by Eni.
Management’s expectations of operations
The 2014 outlook features a moderate strengthening in the global economic recovery. However a number of
uncertainties affect this outlook due to weak growth prospects in the Euro-zone and risks concerning the emerging
economies. Crude oil prices are forecast on a higher trend than our long-term expectations of 90 $/BBL driven by
geopolitical factors and the resulting operational issues in a few important producing countries against the backdrop of
well supplied global markets. Management expects that the trading environment will remain challenging in the other
Company’s businesses. We expect continuing weak conditions in the European gas distribution, refining and marketing
of fuels and chemical products, where we do not anticipate any meaningful improvement in demand, while competition,
excess supplies and overcapacity will continue to weigh on selling margins of energy commodities. In this scenario,
management reaffirms its commitment to restore profitability and preserve cash generation at the Company’s
loss-making businesses leveraging on cost cuts and continuing renegotiation of long-term gas supply contracts, capacity
restructuring and reconversion and product and marketing innovation.
Exploration & Production
We expect the outlook for the production of liquids and natural gas to be uncertain in 2014 due to our belief that
political and social instability in the Company’s key producing countries, Libya and Nigeria, may continue.
Management has prudently assumed that the Company’s production levels in those countries will remain unchanged
125
from the volumes reported in 2013 at least for a couple of years. In addition, management is assuming marginal
production volumes at the Kashagan field which has been shut down due to a technical issue in the fourth quarter of
2013. See “Item 4 – Exploration & Production”. Finally, year-on-year comparison in 2014 will be affected by the
divestment of Eni’s stake in the joint venture Artic Russia. In 2013, our equity share of the production of Artic Russia
was 29 KBOE/d. Excluding the effect of this divestment and factoring in the assumptions about the projected
production levels in Libya and Nigeria and at the Kashagan field, management expects flat production in 2014
compared to 2013.
According to management’s plans, production growth will resume in the coming years as the Company is targeting
an annual growth rate of 3% on average over the next 2014-2017 four-year period, based on an expectation of a gradual
decrease in oil prices from 104 $/BBL in 2014 to 90 $/BBL in 2017. Oil price assumptions are particularly significant
when it comes to assessing the Company’s future production performance considering the entitlement mechanism under
Eni’s PSAs and similar contractual schemes. The Company estimates that production entitlements in its PSAs will
decrease on average by approximately 1,000 BBL/d for each $1 increase in oil prices compared to current Eni’s
assumptions for oil prices. Our production growth target factors in an average decline rate lower than 5% per annum at
our currently producing fields throughout the plan period. To achieve that decline rate, we plan to carry out effective
reservoir management and continued production optimization activities.
The main driver of future growth will be the start-up of 26 major fields which we estimate to add more than 500
KBOE/d of new production by the end of the plan period. These new barrels will fuel growth and replace mature field
declines. We have a good level of visibility on those new projects as we have already sanctioned a number equivalent to
approximately 70% of projected volume additions. The bulk of these projects will be concentrated offshore Angola,
Indonesia, Norway, the Gulf of Mexico, Ghana and Congo.
Management will focus on delivering the planned projects on time and on budget. We acknowledge that most of
our projects are complex due to scale and reach of operations, environmentally-sensitive or remote locations, harsh
external conditions, industry limits and other considerations including the risk factors described in Item 3. These
constraints and factors might cause delays and cost overruns. Furthermore, we have experienced delays and cost
overruns at certain projects which were caused by poor execution by our EPC contractors. We plan to mitigate those
risks in the future by continuing deployment of our capabilities and operational excellence and managing the industry
constraints by means of: (i) in-sourcing critical engineering and project management activities; (ii) increasing direct
control and governance on construction activities; (iii) deploying our employees and competences to manage hook-up
and commissioning; and (iv) entering into framework agreements with major suppliers, using standardized
specifications to speed up pre-award process for critical equipment and plants and increasing focus on supply chain
programming to optimize order flows. Currently we believe that our pool of projects as a whole is running in line with
our time and cost estimates.
Management expects that a number of factors will drive cost increase in the Exploration & Production operations
over future years. Those factors include: (i) the growing complexity and scale of the Company’s planned development
projects due to the circumstance that several planned or ongoing projects will be executed offshore or in remote/hostile
environments where the Company has been experiencing above-average cost increases; (ii) increasing investing
activities that are necessary to support production plateaus at existing fields and counteract natural depletion; and
(iii) steady trends in costs for purchasing upstream goods and services. Due to those trends, operating costs and
depreciation and amortization charges might trend higher in future years. We believe that a number of actions will help
the Company absorb inflationary and cost pressures including tighter cost control, operation efficiency and increasing
exposure to large fields which enable the Company to benefit from economies due to scale of operations. Management
also plans to increase the share of operated production in the Company’s portfolio. Project operatorship enables the
Company to better schedule and control project execution, expenditures and timely achievement of project milestones.
In addition, the Company plans to seek cost efficiencies due to greater deployment of proprietary technologies designed
to maximize the rate of hydrocarbon recovery from reservoirs and reduce drilling costs as well as continuing operational
improvement.
We intend to grow profitably. We will seek to increase the profit per barrel in the next four-year plan leveraging on
cost control, the delivery of new projects on time and on budget and higher productivity at our existing producing fields
which will be driven by actions to prolong the field lives and fight depletion and reduced facility downtime. The
profitability per barrel will also benefit from the fact that most of the new projects scheduled to start in the next four
years have been derived from our exploration activity. We believe that our discovery costs have been very competitive;
this will contribute to lower the break-even price of our projects.
The better profitability per barrel is expected to help the Company improve the cash generation in its Exploration
& Production business and increase the surplus of cash generated from operating activities over capital expenditure in
each of the next four years. The latter will reflect our increased focus on capital discipline whereby we plan to achieve
the same volume additions as in the previous four-year plan spending 5% less thanks to a better schedule of the
development phases of our long-plateau projects. We project over the next four years a capital spending budget of
approximately ! 38 billion to develop reserves compared to ! 41 billion in the previous plan.
126
Our exploration activity will require some ! 1.4 billion per year until 2017. We plan to execute exploration projects
in new areas mainly offshore the Russian and the Norwegian section of the Barents Sea, Cyprus, the pre-sale layers of
West Africa and Kenya, Vietnam, Indonesia and Australia. These are little-explored areas where the risks of dry hole
are high. These risks will be counterbalanced by an equivalent number of low-risk exploration projects which will
conducted mainly in the vicinity of already producing fields or in areas with proved reserves.
Gas & Power
We expect a weak outlook for natural gas sales and profitability due to our belief that structural headwinds in the
industry will continue as we forecast demand stagnation, oversupplies and strong competition. Management does not
expect any improvements in this scenario in the next four-year plan. Management expects gas sales to be flat to down
over the next four years and gas prices to continue falling.
We believe that weaker-than-anticipated demand growth over the foreseeable future which is expected to be
dragged down by macroeconomic uncertainties, the current downturn in the thermoelectric sector to continue and rising
competitive pressures which are expected to be fuelled by ongoing oversupplies in the European market will reduce
sales opportunities and fuel pricing competition, also considering the constraints of the long-term supply contracts with
take-or-pay clauses. The absolute level of gas consumption in Italy and Europe is far below the levels recorded in 2008,
down by approximately 20% and 10%, respectively, and we believe that there are no signs of any significant rebound in
the foreseeable future. This trend will exacerbate the current oversupply situation in Europe and pricing pressure on gas
sales. Furthermore, we expect that minimum collection obligations in connection with take-or-pay, long-term gas
supply contracts and the necessity to minimize the associated financial exposure will force gas operators to compete
aggressively on pricing in consideration of lower selling opportunities, with negative effects on selling prices and
profitability. Unit margins are expected to remain under pressure due to depressed spot prices at continental hubs which
have become the contractual benchmark in selling formulas in our European markets and, more recently, also in Italy.
In addition, as long as the cost of gas supplies to the Group remains indexed to oil prices, the Company will be exposed
to the risk of rising oil prices.
In Italy we expect that gas prices and margins in the wholesale market will continue to fall due to a number of
negative catalysts including competitive pressure, an ongoing shift to index selling prices to hub benchmarks at large
customer segments and the current level of minimum take volumes of Italian operators which are well above the
absolute dimension of the Italian market dimension. In addition, we expect that the indexation of selling prices to hub
benchmark will be reflected also in our long-term selling contracts. In the retail market, we expect that tariffs and
margin will come down due to new indexation measures which were implemented by the Italian administration in 2013
to cut the gas tariffs to residential customers. See also the other risk factors described in Item 3. Finally, our margins in
the production of electricity at our gas-fired stations have significantly deteriorated throughout 2013 due to the
increasing pressure of cheaper electricity from coal and renewables and there are no signs that this trend will reverse in
2014 and beyond. These drivers will negatively impact the profitability at our Italian operations.
Against this scenario the Company has set the following priorities: preserve the operating cash flow during the
worst phase of the downturn which is expected to continue well into 2014 and recover sustainable, long-term
profitability and positive cash in subsequent years as a result of contract renegotiations, focus on value-added segments
and cost streamlining.
The main driver to recover profitability in the Company’s gas marketing business is the renegotiation of pricing
and other conditions of our supply contracts. Take-or-pay supply contracts include revisions clauses allowing the
counterparties to renegotiate the economic terms and other conditions periodically, in relation to ongoing changes in the
gas scenario. We will seek to renegotiate our long-term supply contracts going and to align supply costs to the selling
prices of spot markets based on the contractual principle which states a fair sharing of the economic benefits between
the counterparties. In 2013, we finalized a round of renegotiations whereby we renewed pricing and volume terms of
about 85% of our gas supplies under long-term contracts. However, the benefits associated with past renegotiations
were not enough to fully align our cost position with selling benchmarks which depend on spot quotations of gas at
continental or Italian hubs. Therefore, management is seeking to finalize a new round of renegotiations targeting a
better alignment of the cost of gas to the Company with the selling benchmarks. This can be achieved by increasing the
exposure to spot gas in the indexation mechanism in the pricing formulas of gas supplied. We expect to complete the
planned renegotiations at the beginning of 2016. Once we have completed contract renegotiations in accordance to our
plans, we will be in better position to seek to regain competitiveness and to preserve our profitability.
However, management warns that the outcome of those renegotiations is uncertain in respect of both the amount of
the economic benefits that will ultimately be achieved and the timing of recognition in profit. Furthermore in case
counterparties fail to agree to revise contractual terms, ongoing supply contracts provide a chance to each of them to
recur to an arbitration proceeding to define a commercial transaction. This potentially adds to the level of uncertainty
surrounding the outcome of those renegotiations. Considering also ongoing price renegotiations with Eni long-term
customers, future results of the Gas Marketing activities are subject to increasing volatility and unpredictability.
127
Difficult market conditions in the European gas sector are expected to continue over the entire plan period.
Looking beyond, there is still little visibility about future developments in the European gas sector. Management
expects that a number of positive trends might eventually help rebalance the European market, including
macroeconomic stability and a renewed focus by European agencies on the role of gas in electricity production, also
considering the lower level of GHG emissions of gas-fired electricity compared to the use of coal in firing power plants.
Possible reductions in the role of nuclear energy in crucial Countries like Japan, Taiwan and in Europe might support
long-term trends in gas demand. In addition, we foresee continuing growing energy needs from the developing
economies of China, India and other emerging countries in East Asia, the Middle East and South America that will be
covered by worldwide LNG streams. On the supply side, production rates at European fields are projected to decline,
thus increasing the need for gas import requirements. However, there exist a number of downside risks to this outlook,
particularly the possible long-term impacts on gas demand associated with the current economic downturn, an ongoing
shift to renewable sources in the production of electricity and home heating and the other risk factors described in Item
3. Also it is apparent that the United States Government is speeding up the authorization process to better exploit the
Country’s large reserve base of shale gas by giving permission to reconvert existing re-gasification plants into LNG
export facilities. Finally, new upstream projects might be started up in the long run adding to global LNG supplies
(particularly the projects to develop gas reserves in Mozambique and a number of projects in the Pacific Area).
In addition to contract renegotiation, the Company intends to seek to recover profitability in its gas marketing
operations by focusing on market segments where we believe it is possible to earn a profit. As part of this plan, we
intend to strengthen our role as a global player in LNG trading where we have obtained an acceptable profitability so
far. We intend to increase traded volumes of LNG to Asia and in the long run we will leverage integration with our
upstream operations by marketing equity gas, particularly with the start of the gas projects in Mozambique. We left
behind us the traditional role of gas intermediary with our large industrial and thermoelectric customers across Europe
and will seek to earn a profit on wholesale gas sales by leveraging on the Company’s multiple presence across various
markets and expertise in delivering innovative and tailor-made offering structures to best suit customers’ needs by
providing complex pricing formulas and flexibility in volumes collection (see “Item 4 – Gas & Power”). The second leg
of the Company’s marketing effort will address retail customers across Europe with a view to enhancing the existing
customer base. The drivers to achieve this will be a strategy of customer retention centered on brand identity, the
administrative advantages of the dual offer of gas and electricity and a competitive cost to serve; a wide range of sale
channels and continuing innovation in processes, promotion and customer care and post-sale assistance. We believe that
bundling a wide range of valuable services with the selling of the commodity will underpin the profitability of our retail
operations considering that the regulatory modifications to the indexation of the raw material cost have substantially
flatten the margin on the commodity. Finally, the Gas & Power segment will continue to benefit from the stable profit
stream coming from the semi-regulated international transport activity. Management will also seek to improve
profitability by means of cost efficiencies particularly in logistic, streamlining business support activities and reducing
marketing and general and administrative costs. In addition, the Company intends to capture margins improvements by
means of trading activities by entering derivative contracts both in the commodity and the financial trading venues in
order to capture possible favorable trends in market prices, within the limits set by internal policies and guidelines that
define the maximum tolerable level of market risk. As part of this strategy, the Company intends to improve results of
operations by effectively managing the flexibilities associated with the Company’s assets (gas supply contracts,
transportation rights). This can be achieved through strategies of asset-backed trading by entering into derivative
contracts to leverage on commodity price volatility, the risks of which might be absorbed in part or entirely by the
natural hedge granted by the asset availability. This activity may lead to gain as well as loss the amount which could be
significant. For further information on the market risk and how the Company manages it see “Item 11 – Quantitative
and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk”.
Based on the above outlined trends and industrial actions, management believes that the profitability in the
Company’s gas marketing business will gradually recover along the plan period, however the visibility into future
results of operations is constrained by the ongoing volatility in marketing margins. Our profitability outlook factors in
the expected benefits of ongoing renegotiations at the Company long-term supply contracts which the Company is
seeking to finalize during the plan period, as well as other circumstances subject to risks and uncertainties described in
Item 3.
Management believes that the weak industry outlook adversely affected by declining demand and large gas
availability on the marketplace, the possible evolution of sector-specific regulation and strong competitive pressures
represent risk factors to the Company’s ability to fulfill its minimum take obligations associated with its long-term
supply contracts. From the beginning of the downturn in the European gas market to date, Eni has incurred the
take-or-pay clause as the Company collected lower volumes than its minimum take obligations accumulating deferred
costs for an amount of ! 1.9 billion (net of amounts of volume make-up) paying the associated cash advances to its gas
suppliers. Considering the Company’s outlook for its sales volumes which are expected to be flat to down in the next
four years, management believes the Company will be exposed to the risk of the incurrence of the take-or-pay clause in
the plan period. Management intends to adopt the necessary initiatives to mitigate the financial risk related to
take-or-pay obligations mainly in the domestic market where the expected volume of demand is lower in comparison
with the minimum contracted supplies which Eni and other Italian gas importers are obliged to fulfill. The initiatives to
mitigate the take-or-pay risk include the benefits expected from contract renegotiations which may temporarily reduce
128
the annual minimum take, and provide more flexible collecting conditions such as changes in the delivery point or the
possibility to replace supplies via pipeline with equivalent volumes of LNG.
These projections could be subject to the risks of further contraction in demand or the total addressable market. As
to the deferred costs stated in the balance sheet amounting to ! 1.9 billion, based on management’s outlook for gas
demand and offer in Europe, and projections for sales volumes and unit margins in future years, the Company believes
that the pre-paid volumes of gas due to the incurrence of the take-or-pay clause will be collected in the long term in
accordance with contractual terms thus recovering the cash advances paid to suppliers. For more information see the
specific risk paragraph in “Item 3 – Risk factors”.
For a discussion of certain risks relating to the impact of the evolution of Italian regulation of the natural gas sector
on Eni’s take-or-pay contracts see “Item 3 – Risk factors – Natural gas market”.
Refining & Marketing
Management expects that the trading environment will show limited improvement throughout the four years
covered by the industrial plan. This business segment will continue facing a challenging refining outlook due to
structural headwinds in the industry which will continue to be affected by an anticipated weak demand, excess capacity,
rising competitive pressure from imported product streams from Asia, Russia and possibly the United States, as well as
risks of further margin pressure in case of upward trends in oil-linked raw material costs. As a result of those trends, we
expect refining margins to remain at unprofitable levels in the foreseeable future. Furthermore, compressed differentials
between heavy and light crudes will continue eroding Eni’s advantage of having complex refining capacity in place.
In the refining business Eni will seek to mitigate the expected impacts of a negative scenario by primarily reducing
refinery capacity. We are targeting a 22% capacity cut which we plan to accomplish by fully reconverting the Venice
refinery into a bio-refinery which will reduce our exposure to the commodity risk and by shutting down unprofitable
production lines at other refineries, mainly in the production of gasoline. We expect to invest approximately ! 0.6 billion
for the conversion of Venice site and the reengineering of Gela in a diesel-only plant. We have defined other courses of
actions which will provide for: (i) optimization of plant set-up and logistics operations by means of higher flexibility
and process integration; (ii) cost efficiencies to be achieved by measures on labor, maintenance and other plant
expenses and energy savings; (iii) selective capital expenditures mainly aimed at upgrading conversion capacity and
improving asset integrity. In particular, we expect that the coming to full operations of our Eni Slurry Technology plant
in the Sannazzaro refinery aimed at the full conversion of the barrel will improve the competitiveness of our refining
system; and (iv) improvement in refinery flexibility which is intended to increase the slate of processed crudes in order
to capture any cost advantages in the marketplace.
In Marketing activities, where we expect continuing competitive pressure due to weak demand and large product
availability, we are planning for achieving a gradual improvement in results of operations mainly by focusing on margin
preservation. We will try to do this by means of effective marketing initiatives to retain customers, product and service
innovation and a continuing focus on the quality of service and attractive promotional campaigns, the strength of the
Eni brand targeting to complete the rebranding of the network, the automation of petrol stations and the expansion of
non-oil activities. Management plans to improve the efficiency of the retail network by closing low-throughput outlets
and other rationalizations. Retail operations abroad will be developed selectively and we are planning to divest from
marginal areas.
With respect to short-term targets, management expects refining throughputs on Eni’s account to decline slightly
compared to 2013. This projection assumes the full operation of the new conversion, EST-based unit at the Sannazzaro
plant which effects will be more than offset by continuing capacity reduction. Also retail sales of refined products in
Italy and the Rest of Europe are expected to decline slightly compared with 2013 due to an anticipated contraction in
demand in Italy and network restructuring in European markets.
Based on the planned industrial actions, management expects the Refining & Marketing business to break even by
the plan period, assuming the same depressed trading environment as in 2013.
Chemicals
Eni’s chemical operations are exposed to volatile costs of oil-based feedstock and the cyclicality of demand due to
the commoditized nature of Eni’s product portfolio and underlying weaknesses in the industry. Our commodity
chemical businesses have been unprofitable in recent years and we do not expect any improvement in their profitability
outlook for the foreseeable future due to structural cost disadvantages with respect to Asian and Middle East players as
well as a weak macroeconomic outlook which will hamper a sustainable recovery in demand and ongoing trends in
crude oil prices. Against this backdrop management intends to seek to recover profitability at its Chemical segment by
129
progressively reducing the exposure to loss-making commodity chemicals. This will be achieved by cutting production
capacity by 5% in the plan period which will add to the 25% cut achieved in 2013 due to the shut down of a plant in
Sardinia in order to convert it into a facility for the production of chemicals based on green feedstock, as well as the
restructuring of the Venice facility. Our return to profitability will be underpinned by a progressive growth in the
production of chemicals based on green technologies and in niche productions such as elastomers where we have the
competitive advantage granted by proprietary technologies. This will be also driven by the start-up in the plan period of
certain projects to jointly product and market elastomers with Asian partners in Malaysia and South Korea.
Management plans to continue efficiency actions, cost savings and rationalization initiatives at loss-making plants.
Management expects to achieve the break-even in the chemical business by end of the plan period assuming the
trading environment to be as unfavorable as in 2013.
Engineering & Construction
The Engineering & Construction segment faced sharply lower profitability in 2013 compared to 2012 due to a
slowdown in business activities and large losses which were recorded at certain contract works due to a worsening
trading environment and customer relationship and management issues. The sharp contraction in profitability negatively
impacted the share performance of our listed-subsidiary Saipem. The business underwent profound operational and
organizational changes, a more selective commercial strategy was adopted and a new management team was put in
place.
Over the four year plan we confirm the segment’s target of consolidating its global competitive position in the
Offshore and Onshore businesses and its role as high-quality niche player in the deepwater drilling business. Saipem
will leverage on the enhancement of the EPC(I)-oriented business model, its world-class technology, engineering and
delivering skills, its strong local presence and established relationships with other major oil companies and national oil
companies to regain profitability. In this light, Saipem aims to strengthen its construction ability particularly in large,
highly-complex projects, in harsh environments, keeping a selective commercial approach. However, we believe that
2014 will be a transitional year with a recovery in profitability, the degree of which relies upon effective execution of
operational and commercial activities at low-margin contracts still present in the current portfolio, in addition to the
speed at which bids underway will be awarded.
Capital expenditure plans
Over the next four years, the Company plans to invest ! 54 billion in its businesses to support continued organic
growth; approximately 83%, 3%, 4%, 4% and 5% of planned capital expenditures is expected to be directed to the
Exploration & Production, Gas & Power, Refining & Marketing, the Chemical and the Engineering & Construction
segments, respectively. The planned amounts of expenditures also include capital allocation to joint venture projects
and associates.
We plan to allocate the largest portion of resources amounting to some ! 38 billion to continuing development
activities in our Exploration & Production segment to fuel production growth. Project start-ups and plateau
enhancement at existing fields will be geographically diversified and executed mainly in Nigeria, Angola, Indonesia,
Congo, Norway, Kazakhstan and Venezuela and the start of development activities in Mozambique which will target
production growth beyond the plan period.
Exploration projects will be allocated approximately ! 5.6 billion, intended to pursue finding projects in
well-established basins and in high potential frontier areas.
In the Gas & Power business the main investment projects will target the South Stream project, certain green
projects and improvement of combined-cycle power plants’ flexibility.
In the Refining & Marketing segment we plan to make selective capital expenditures mainly targeted to refinery
upgrade of conversion capacity and flexibility as well as plant reliability and security. We plan to finalize the project to
convert the Venice plant into a “bio-refinery” to produce bio-fuels. Other capital projects will be directed to network
upgrading and the completion of the rebranding of service stations to the “Eni” logo.
In the Chemical business we plan to selectively expand capacity in the best-positioned lines of business (namely
elastomers), while targeting plant efficiency, reliability and energy savings in other areas, including the restructuring
and upgrading of the loss-making sites. We plan to finalize the project to convert the Porto Torres plant into a
bio-chemical complex and to develop strategic initiatives in the field of elastomers in emerging markets.
130
Following the completion of assets expansion program (fleet and yards) which has been carried out in the last
years, 2014-2017 Saipem Investment Plan envisages a slowdown. Excluding the new construction yard in Brazil to be
completed in 2014, capital expenditures will be mainly related to fleet maintenance/substitutions, major upgrades on
offshore fleet (including investments to cope with HSE high standards), equipment for the execution of
awarded/expected projects (“project specific”) and investments in strategic areas (“local content”).
Eni’s capital expenditure program is expected to be lower than the previous industrial plan, down by
approximately 5%. This will be driven by postponing certain development phases at our long-plateau projects in the
Exploration & Production segment.
In the year 2014, management expects a capital budget in line with 2013 (! 12.8 billion in capital expenditure and
! 0.32 billion in financial investments in 2013).
Management expects to pursue strict capital discipline when assessing individual capital projects. Management is
assuming the oil price to decline from an expectation of 104 $/BBL in 2014 down to 90 $/BBL in 2017; longer-term
management is assuming an oil price of 90 $/BBL that is adjusted to take account of expected inflation from 2018
onwards. The internal rate of return of each project is compared to the relevant hurdle rate, differentiated by business
segment and country of operation. These hurdle rates are calculated taking into account: (i) the weighted average cost of
capital to the Group. In 2013, management assessed that the cost of capital to the Group marginally decreased from the
previous year mainly reflecting a reduction in the premium for the sovereign risk incorporated into the yields on Italian
ten-year bonds. The other financial parameters used for assessing the cost of capital: market risk premium, cost of
borrowings to Eni determined by expected trends in borrowing spreads and management’s estimates about the
composition of the Company’s financial debt and ratio of net borrowings to equity, were down fractionally or
unchanged from the previous reporting period; (ii) an appreciation of the country risk which factors in the perceived
level of risk associated with each country of operations in terms of current trends and conditions in the macroeconomic,
business, regulatory and socio-political framework, as well as the consensus outlook; and (iii) a premium for the
business risk.
Liquidity and leverage
In the foreseeable future, management is focused on preserving a solid balance sheet and strengthening the
Company’s financial structure, seeking to maintain its key ratio of net borrowings to equity – leverage – within the
range of 0.1-0.3. At the end of 2013, leverage stood at 0.25 substantially unchanged from the previous reporting period.
Management believes that this target range in leverage is consistent with the Company’s business profile, which
features greater exposure to the Exploration & Production segment than in previous years reflecting the divestment of
Italian gas transport activities which occurred at the end of 2012. See “Item 4 – Business developments”.
For planning purposes, management projected the Company’s expected cash flows assuming a declining scenario
of Brent prices down from 104 $/BBL in 2014 to 90 $/BBL in 2017 to assess the financial compatibility of its capital
expenditure programs and dividend policy with internal targets of ratio of total equity to net borrowings. Under those
pricing assumptions, in 2014 the ratio of net borrowings to total equity is projected to be substantially in line with the
level achieved at the end of 2013 leveraging on cash flows from operations and portfolio management.
Going forward, management expects that the projected future cash flows from operations will provide enough
resources to fund capital expenditures plans, to pay a regular dividend the amount of which will be set in accordance to
our progressive dividend policy and to maintain leverage within the above mentioned range. We expect that our cash
flow from operations will grow at a healthy rate along the plan period. This will be driven by increased cash generation
in our Exploration & Production segment which will be underpinned by profitable production growth, cost control and
capital discipline, as well as the restructuring of our Gas & Power, Refining & Marketing and Chemical businesses
which will turn cash positive in the plan period due to contract renegotiations, expansion in profitable market segments
and reduced exposure to the commodity risk. Furthermore, management expects to deliver approximately ! 9 billion of
additional cash flows from asset disposals, of which ! 2.2 billion have been already cashed-in following the closing of
the disposal of our interest in Artic Russia early in January 2014. In March 2014, we also divested a 7% stake in Galp
for a cash consideration of ! 0.7 billion. Our cash flow projections are based on our declining Brent scenario down
progressively from 104 $/BBL in 2014 to 90 $/BBL in 2017. We note that the Brent price in the period January 1 to
March 31, 2014 was 108 $/BBL on average. We estimated that our cash flow from operations may improve by
approximately ! 0.1 billion for each dollar increase in Brent prices on a yearly basis. Finally, consistent with our target
range of leverage, we may consider boosting cash returns to shareholders via our flexible, multi-year buyback program,
whereby we plan to repurchase up to 10% of outstanding Eni’s shares, with a spending ceiling which will comply with
the authorization of the Shareholders Meeting up to a maximum of ! 6,000 million.
For planning purposes, management assumed an average exchange rate of 1.30 U.S. dollars per euro in the
2014-2017 period. Given the sensitivity of Eni’s results of operations to movements in the euro versus the U.S. dollar
exchange rate, trends in the currency market represent a factor of risk and uncertainty. See “Item 3 – Risk factors”.
131
Dividend policy
Management plans to pay a dividend of ! 1.10 per share for fiscal year 2013 subject to approval from the General
Shareholders’ Meeting scheduled for May 8, 2014. Of this, ! 0.55 per share was paid in September 2013 as an interim
dividend with the balance of ! 0.55 per share expected to be paid in late May 2014. The dividend for fiscal year 2013
represented an increase of 2% compared to the 2012 dividend.
The Company dividend policy contemplates growing dividends at a rate which is expected to be determined year
to year taking into account Eni’s underlying earnings and cash flow growth as well as capital expenditure requirements
and the targeted financial structure. Management will also evaluate the achievement of the targeted production levels in
the Exploration & Production segment, the status of renegotiations at gas long-term supply contracts in the Gas
& Power segment and the delivery on efficiency gains in the other businesses. This dividend policy is based on
management’s planning assumptions of a declining Brent scenario down from 104 $/BBL in 2014 to 90 $/BBL in 2017.
Considering all these variables, management expects to propose to Shareholders approval a dividend of ! 1.12 per share
for fiscal year 2014, an increase of approximately 1.8% from 2013.
In future years, management expects to continue paying interim dividends for each fiscal year, with the balance for
the full-year dividend paid in the following year.
Management is also planning to continue repurchasing the Eni shares, which has been authorized by the
Shareholders Meeting for a total amount of ! 6 billion. Share repurchases have commenced since the beginning of 2014;
see Item 16E. In the future, share repurchases will be executed at management’s sole discretion and when a number of
conditions are met. These include, but are not limited to, current trends in the trading environment, a level of leverage
which management assesses to be appropriate in light of market conditions and well within our target range limit of 0.3,
and full funding of capital expenditure requirements and dividends throughout the plan period.
The expectations described above are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions associated with the oil and gas
industry, and economic, monetary and political developments in Italy and globally that are difficult to predict. There are
a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially, including, but not limited to,
political instability in Libya and other countries, crude oil and natural gas prices; demand for oil and gas in Italy and
other markets; developments in electricity generation; price fluctuations; drilling and production results; refining
margins and marketing margins; currency exchange rates; general economic conditions; political and economic policies
and climates in countries and regions where Eni operates; regulatory developments; the risk of doing business in
developing countries; governmental approvals; global political events and actions, including war, terrorism and
sanctions; project delays; material differences from reserves estimates; inability to find and develop reserves;
technological development; technical difficulties; market competition; the actions of field partners, including the
inability of joint venture partners to fund their share of operating or developments activities; industrial actions by
workers; environmental risks, including adverse weather and natural disasters; and other changes to business conditions.
Please refer to “Item 3 – Risk factors”.
Off-balance sheet arrangements
Eni has entered into certain off-balance sheet arrangements, including guarantees, commitments and risks, as
described in “Item 18 – note 35 – Guarantees, commitments and risks – of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial
Statements”. Eni’s principal contractual obligations, including commitments under take-or-pay or ship-or-pay contracts
in the gas business, are described under “Contractual Obligations” below. See the Glossary for a definition of
take-or-pay or ship-or-pay clauses.
Off-balance sheet arrangements comprise those arrangements that may potentially impact Eni’s liquidity, capital
resources and results of operations, even though such arrangements are not recorded as liabilities under generally
accepted accounting principles. Although off-balance sheet arrangements serve a variety of Eni’s business purposes,
Eni is not dependent on these arrangements to maintain its liquidity and capital resources; nor is management aware of
any circumstances that are reasonably likely to cause the off-balance sheet arrangements to have a material adverse
effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.
Eni has provided various forms of guarantees on behalf of unconsolidated subsidiaries and affiliated companies,
mainly relating to guarantees for loans, lines of credit and performance under contracts. In addition, Eni has provided
guarantees on the behalf of consolidated companies, primarily relating to performance under contracts. These
arrangements are described in “Item 18 – note 35 – Guarantees, commitments and risks – of the Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements”.
132
Contractual obligations
Amounts in the table refer to expected payments, undiscounted, by period under existing contractual obligations
commitments.
26,589
Total debt .......................................................................
22,758
Long-term finance debt ..................................................
2,553
Short-term finance debt ..................................................
1,278
Fair value of derivative instruments ..............................
4,859
Interest on finance debt ...............................................
172
Guarantees to banks .....................................................
Non-cancelable operating lease obligations (1) ..........
2,267
Decommissioning liabilities (2) .....................................
14,342
Environmental liabilities (3) .........................................
1,716
Purchase obligations (4) ................................................. 241,166
Natural gas to be purchased in connection
with take-or-pay contracts (5) .......................................... 226,535
Natural gas to be transported in connection
with ship-or-pay contracts (5) ..........................................
Other take-or-pay and ship-or-pay obligations .............
Other purchase obligations (6) .........................................
Other obligations (7) .......................................................
of which:
- Memorandum of intent relating to Val d’Agri ............
10,560
1,066
3,005
138
138
Maturity year
Total
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
((cid:1) million)
3,943
3,700
3,212
3,211
2,942
2,937
1,392
1,392
243
710
1
650
5
557
429
2019 and
thereafter
9,815
9,781
34
1,695
423
162
329
20,203
335
206
246
17,843
263
304
126
16,335
191
331
114
349
13,125
622
15,404 150,179
5,285
1,737
2,553
995
818
172
706
214
279
21,202
18,228
18,724
16,427
14,967
14,277 143,912
1,801
130
1,043
3
1,218
125
136
3
1,168
118
130
3
1,130
109
129
3
894
104
129
3
4,349
480
1,438
123
3
3
3
3
3
123
291,249
28,679
25,773
22,495
20,530
17,864 175,908
________
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Operating leases primarily regarded assets for drilling activities, time charter and long-term rentals of vessels, lands, service stations and office buildings. Such
leases did not include renewal options. There are no significant restrictions provided by these operating leases which limit the ability of the Company to pay
dividend, use assets or to take on new borrowings.
Represents the estimated future costs for the decommissioning of oil and natural gas production facilities at the end of the producing lives of fields, well-plugging,
abandonment and site restoration.
Environmental liabilities do not include the environmental charge amounting to ! 1,109 million for the proposal to the Ministry of the Environment to enter into a
global transaction related to nine sites of national interest because the dates of payment cannot be reasonably estimated.
Represents any agreement to purchase goods or services that is enforceable and legally binding and that specifies all significant terms.
Such arrangements include non-cancelable, long-term contractual obligations to secure access to supply and transport of natural gas, which include take-or-pay
clauses whereby the Company obligations consist of collecting minimum quantities of product or service or paying the corresponding cash amount that entitles the
Company to collect the product in future years. Future obligations in connection with these contracts were calculated by applying the forecasted prices of energy or
services included in the four-year business plan approved by the Company’s Board of Directors and on the basis of the long-term market scenarios used by Eni for
planning purposes to minimum take and minimum ship quantities. See “Item 4 – Gas & Power – Supply of natural gas” and “Item 3 – Risk factors – Risks in the
Company Gas & Power business” for a discussion of nature and importance of Eni’s take-or-pay contracts and the related risks from the evolving regulatory
environment that could negatively impact Eni’s results.
Mainly refers to arrangements to purchase capacity entitlements at certain re-gasification facilities in the United States of ! 1,911 million.
In addition to these amounts, Eni has certain obligations that are not contractually fixed as to timing and amount, including contributions to defined benefit pension
plans (see “Item 18 – note 23 – Trade and other payables – of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”).
The table below summarizes Eni’s capital expenditure commitments for property, plant and equipment as of
December 31, 2013. Capital expenditures are considered to be committed when the project has received the appropriate
level of internal management approval. Such costs are included in the amounts shown.
Committed on major projects .......................................................... 36,784
Other committed projects ................................................................ 17,892
5,697
7,555
5,246
4,902
4,908
2,865
3,224 17,709
865
1,705
54,676 13,252 10,148
7,773
4,929 18,574
Total
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018 and
thereafter
((cid:1) million)
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that suitable sources of funding for the Group may not be available, or the Group is unable
to sell its assets on the market place as to be unable to meet short-term finance requirements and to settle obligations.
133
Such a situation would negatively impact Group results as it would result in the Company incurring higher borrowing
expenses to meet its obligations or under the worst of conditions the inability of the Company to continue as a going
concern. At present, the Group believes it has access to sufficient funding and has also both committed and
uncommitted borrowing facilities to meet currently foreseeable borrowing requirements. The Group has also established
a cash reserve which consists of cash on hand and very liquid securities the amount of which according to management
plans can alternatively be used to absorb temporary swings in cash flows from operations, to provide financial
flexibility to pursue the Group development programs or ensure the funding of the Group contractual obligations with
respect to the repayment of financing debt at maturity over a 24-month horizon. For a description of how the Company
manages the liquidity risk see “Item 18 – note 35 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”.
At December 31, 2013, Eni maintained short-term committed and uncommitted unused borrowing facilities of
! 14,328 million, of which ! 2,141 million were committed, and long-term committed unused borrowing facilities of
! 4,719 million. These facilities bore interest rates that reflected prevailing market conditions. Fees charged for unused
facilities were immaterial. Eni has in place a program for the issuance of Euro Medium Term Notes up to ! 15 billion, of
which about ! 13.7 billion were drawn as of December 31, 2013.
Working capital
Management believes that, taking into account unutilized credit facilities, Eni’s credit rating and access to capital
markets, Eni has sufficient working capital for its foreseeable requirements.
Credit risk
Credit risk is the potential exposure of the Group to losses in case counterparties fail to perform or pay amounts
due.
For a description of how the Company manages the credit risk see “Item 18 – note 35 of the Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements”.
For information about credit losses in 2013 and the allowance for doubtful accounts see “Item 18 – note 10 of the
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”.
Market risk
In the normal course of its operations, Eni is exposed to market risks deriving from fluctuations in commodity
prices and changes in the euro versus other currencies exchange rates, particularly the U.S. dollar, and in interest rates.
For a description of how the Company manages the Market risk see “Item 18 – note 35 of the Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements”.
Research and development
For a description of Eni’s research and development operations in 2013, see “Item 4 – Research and development”.
134
Item 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
Directors and Senior Management
The following table lists the Company’s Board of Directors as at April 2014:
Name
Giuseppe Recchi
Paolo Scaroni
Mario Resca
Paolo Marchioni
Francesco Taranto
Carlo Cesare Gatto
Alessandro Lorenzi
Roberto Petri
Alessandro Profumo
Position
Chairman
CEO
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Year elected or appointed
2011
2005
2002
2008
2008
2011
2011
2011
2011
Age
50
67
68
44
73
72
65
64
57
In accordance with Article 17.1 of Eni’s By-laws, the Board of Directors is made up of 3 to 9 members.
The current Board of Directors was elected by the ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on May 5, 2011, which
also established the number of Directors at nine for a term of three financial years. The Board’s term will therefore
expire with the Shareholders’ Meeting called to approve the financial statements for the year ending December 31,
2013, expected for May 8, 2014.
The Board of Directors is appointed by means of a slate voting system: slates may be presented by the shareholders
representing at least 0.5% of share capital. According to Eni By-laws, three out of nine Directors are appointed from
among the candidates of the non-controlling shareholders.
Giuseppe Recchi, Paolo Scaroni, Carlo Cesare Gatto, Paolo Marchioni, Roberto Petri and Mario Resca were
candidates of the Ministry of the Economy and Finance. Alessandro Lorenzi, Alessandro Profumo and Francesco
Taranto were candidates of institutional investors (non-controlling shareholders).
The Shareholders’ Meeting appointed Giuseppe Recchi as the Chairman of the Board of Directors and, on May 6,
2011, the Board appointed Paolo Scaroni as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company.
On the basis of Italian laws regulating the special powers of the State (see “Item 10 – Stock ownership limitation
and voting rights restrictions”), the Minister of the Economy and Finance, in agreement with the Minister of Economic
Development, may appoint another member of the Board of Directors, without voting rights, in addition to those
appointed by the Shareholders’ Meeting. On the occasion of the last Board appointment, the Minister of the Economy
and Finance opted not to exercise that power. Law Decree No. 21 of March 15, 2012, ratified with amendments by Law
No. 56 of May 11, 2012, modified Italian legislation governing the special powers of the State to comply with European
rules. The previous provisions (Article 2 of Law Decree No. 332/1994 ratified by Law No. 474/1994 and its
implementing decrees), as well as the provisions of the By-laws which are inconsistent with the new rules, will be
repealed by the last of the implementing ministerial regulations in the areas of energy, transport and communications. If
the afore mentioned implementing decrees, approved on March 14, 2014 by the Italian Council of Ministers, came into
force at the date of the approval of the present Form, the provisions set forth in Article 2 of the Law Decree
No. 332/1994 would be repealed. The provisions regarding the stock ownership limitations and voting rights restrictions
pursuant to Article 3 of Law No. 474/1994 remain in force.
The following provides details on the personal and professional profiles of the Directors.
Giuseppe Recchi was born in 1964 and has been Chairman of the Board of Eni since May 2011. He is also
member of the Board of Directors and the Internal Control and Risk Committee of Exor SpA; Director of GE Capital
Interbanca SpA and member of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology E.I. External Advisory Board. He is also
member of the Italian Corporate Governance Committee, the Executive Committees of Confindustria (where he chairs
the Foreign Investment Committee), Assonime (Association of Italian Joint Stock Companies), Aspen Institute Italia;
member of the Board of Directors of FEEM-Eni Enrico Mattei Foundation, of the Italian Institute of Technology and of
the LUISS Business School Advisory Board. He is Co-Chair of the Italy-China Foundation, Co-Chair of the B20 Task
Force on Improving Transparency and Anti-Corruption and Director of the World Economic Forum Partnering Against
Corruption Initiative. He graduated in Engineering at the Polytechnic of Turin. In 1989, he started his career as
entrepreneur at Recchi SpA, a general contractor active in 25 countries in the construction of high tech public
135
infrastructure. Since 1994 he has served as Executive Chairman of Recchi America Inc, the U.S. branch of the Group.
In 1999, he joined General Electric, where he held several managerial positions in Europe and in the United States. He
served as Director of GE Capital Structure Finance Group; Managing Director for Industrial M&A and Business
Development of GE EMEA; President & CEO of GE Italy. Until May 2011, he was President & CEO of GE South
Europe. Until March 2014, he was member of the European Advisory Board of Blackstone. Mr. Recchi has been
member of the Honorary Committee for the Rome Candidacy to the 2020 Olympic Games, member of the Board of
Permasteelisa SpA Advisory Board member of Invest Industrial (private equity) and visiting Professor in Structured
Finance at Turin University.
Paolo Scaroni has been Chief Executive Officer of Eni since June 2005. He is currently a Non-Executive Director
of Assicurazioni Generali, Non-Executive Deputy Chairman of London Stock Exchange Group, Non-Executive
Director of Veolia Environnement. Besides is in the Board of Overseers of Columbia Business School and Fondazione
Teatro alla Scala. After graduating in economics at the Università Luigi Bocconi in Milan in 1969, he worked for three
years at Chevron, before obtaining an MBA from Columbia University, New York, and continuing his career at
McKinsey. In 1973, he joined Saint Gobain, where he held a series of management positions in Italy and abroad, until
his appointment as head of the Glass Division in Paris. From 1985 to 1996, he was Deputy Chairman and Chief
Executive Officer of Techint. In 1996, he moved to the United Kingdom and was Chief Executive Officer of Pilkington
until May 2002. From May 2002 to May 2005, he was Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer of Enel. In
2005 and in 2006, he was Chairman of Alliance Unichem. In May 2004, he was appointed Cavaliere del Lavoro of the
Italian Republic. In June 2013, he was made a Commandeur da la Légion d’Honneur.
Mario Resca was born in Ferrara in 1945 and has been a Director of Eni since May 2002. He graduated in
Economics and Business at the Università Luigi Bocconi of Milan. He is Chairman of Confimprese, Chairman of
Bioenergy C.G. and Director of Mondadori SpA. After graduating he joined Chase Manhattan Bank. In 1974, he was
appointed manager of Saifi Finanziaria (Fiat Group) and from 1976 to 1991 he was a partner and Country Mgr of Egon
Zehnder. In this period he was appointed Director of Lancôme Italia and of companies belonging to the RCS Corriere
della Sera Group and the Versace Group. From 1995 to 2007, he was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of
McDonald’s Italia. He was also Chairman of Sambonet SpA and Kenwood Italia SpA, a founding partner of Eric
Salmon & Partners, Chairman of the American Chamber of Commerce, General Director of Italian Heritage and
Antiquities in the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Chairman of Convention Bureau Italia SpA. He was
also Extraordinary Commissioner of Cirio Del Monte. He was decorated as a Cavaliere del Lavoro in June 2002.
Paolo Marchioni was born in Verbania in 1969 and has been a Director of Eni since June 2008. He is a qualified
lawyer specializing in penal and administrative law, counselor in the Supreme Court and superior jurisdictions. He has
been Chairman of the Board of Directors of Finpiemonte Partecipazioni SpA since August 2010. He acts as a consultant
to government agencies and business organizations on business, corporate, administrative and local government law. He
was Mayor of Baveno (Verbania) from April 1995 to June 2004 and Chairman of the Assembly of Mayors of
Con.Ser.Vco from September 1995 to June 1999. Until June 2004, he was a member of the Assembly of Mayors of the
Asl 14 health authority, the steering committee of the Verbania health district, the Assembly of Mayors of the Valle
Ossola waste water consortium, the Assembly of Mayors of the Verbania social services consortium. From April 2005
to January 2008, he was a member of the Stresa city council. From October 2001 to April 2004, he was a Director of
CIM SpA of Novara (merchandise interport center) and from December 2002 to December 2005, Director and
executive committee member of Finpiemonte SpA. From June 2005 to June 2008 he was a Director of Consip SpA. He
was Provincial Councillor in charge of balance, property, legal affairs and production activities and Vice-President of
the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola from June 2009 to October 2011. He was Director of the Provincial Board of the
Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola from October 2011 to November 2012.
Francesco Taranto was born in Genoa in 1940 and has been a Director of Eni since June 2008. He is currently
Vice Chairman of Banca CR Firenze SpA (Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze SpA). He is also a Director and member of
the Executive Committee of Rimorchiatori Riuniti SpA. He started working in 1959 in a stock brokerage in Milan; from
1965 to 1982, he worked at Banco di Napoli as deputy manager of the stock market and securities department. He held
a series of managerial positions in the asset management field, notably as manager of securities funds at Eurogest from
1982 to 1984, and General Manager of Interbancaria Gestioni from 1984 to 1987. After moving to the Prime group
(1987 to 2000), he was Chief Executive Officer of the parent company for a long period. He was Director of ERSEL
S.I.M., member of the steering council of Assogestioni and of the Corporate Governance Committee for listed
companies formed by Borsa Italiana. He was a Director of Enel from October 2000 to June 2008.
Carlo Cesare Gatto was born in Murazzano (Cuneo) in 1941 and has been a Director of Eni since May 2011. He
graduated in Economics and Business at the Università degli Studi of Turin. He is a registered public auditor. He is
currently Chairman of the Board of Statutory Auditors of Rai SpA, Natuzzi SpA, Difesa Servizi SpA, Rainet SpA;
effective Statutory Auditor of Rai Pubblicità SpA and Director of Arcese Trasporti SpA. He was teacher of Finance,
Administration and Control at the Isvor Fiat SpA training institute. In 1968, he was hired by Impresit as Chief
Accountant, where he managed, in Jordan, the finance department of the local branch. He joined the Fiat Group in 1969
where over the years he held a series of increasing responsibility positions in the area of finance, administration and
control. From 1979 to 1990, he was Head of Financial Reporting at the Fiat Group and also had responsibility for the
control of the transport companies (Sapav, Sadem, Sita) run under concession by the Fiat Group and for which he
136
subsequently oversaw the sale. In 1990, he was appointed Joint Manager of Finance and Control of the Fiat Group,
before becoming, in 1998, Chief Administration Officer (CAO) of the Fiat Group. From 2000 to 2004, he was Chief
Executive Officer and Deputy Chairman of Business Solution, a new sector created by Fiat for the supply of business
services. In 1993, he was the Italian Representative at the European Commission for the fiscal harmonization of
member States. In 1992, he was decorated as Cavaliere dell’Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana and, in 1995, as
Ufficiale dell’Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana.
Alessandro Lorenzi was born in Turin in 1948 and has been a Director of Eni since May 2011. He is currently a
founding partner of Tokos Srl, consulting firm for securities investment, Chairman of Società Metropolitana Acque
Torino SpA, Director of Ersel SIM SpA, Millbo SpA and Sicme Motori Srl. He began his career at SAIAG SpA, in the
Administration and Control area. In 1975, he joined Fiat Iveco SpA where he held a series of positions: Controller of
Fiat V.I. SpA, Head of Administration, Finance and Control, Head of Personnel of Orlandi SpA in Modena (1977-1980)
and Project Manager (1981-1982). In 1983, he joined the GFT Group, where he was Head of Administration, Finance
and Control of Cidat SpA, a GFT SpA subsidiary (1983-1984), Central Controller of the GFT Group (1984-1988), Head
of Finance and Control of the GFT Group (1989-1994) and Managing Director of GFT SpA, with ordinary and
extraordinary powers over all operating activities (1994-1995). In 1995, he was appointed Chief Executive Officer of
SCI SpA, where he oversaw the restructuring process. In 1998, he was appointed Central Manager and, subsequently,
Director of Ersel SIM SpA, until June 2000. In 2000, he became Central Manager of Planning and Control at the
Ferrero Group and General Manager of Soremartec, the technical research and marketing company of the Ferrero
Group. In May 2003, he was appointed CFO of the Coin Group. In 2006 he became Central Corporate Manager at
Lavazza SpA, becoming member of the Board of Directors from 2008 to June 2011.
Roberto Petri was born in Pescara in 1949 and has been a Director of Eni since May 2011. He graduated in law at
the Università degli Studi “Gabriele D’Annunzio” of Chieti and Pescara. He has been Chairman of Italimmobili Srl
since 2011. In 1976, he was hired by Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (BNL) where he held a series of positions: Head of
the “Overdrafts Advisory” of BNL in Busto Arsizio (1982), Deputy Manager for the industrial division at the BNL
branch in Ravenna (1983-1987), Area Chief of BNL in Venice (1987-1989) and Joint Manager of the central office of
BNL in Rome (1989-1990). In 1990, he was appointed commercial manager at Banca Popolare and in 1994 he moved,
with the same position, to Cassa di Risparmio di Ravenna Group (Carisp Ravenna and Banca di Imola). From 2001 to
2006, he was Chief Secretary to the Under-Secretary of Defense, where he was mainly involved in the Department’s
contacts with industry and international relations. From 2008 to 2011, he was Chief Secretary at the Minister of
Defense. From 2003 to 2006, he was a Director of Fintecna SpA and from 2005 to 2008 a Director of Finmeccanica
SpA.
Alessandro Profumo was born in Genoa in 1957 and has been Director of Eni since May 2011. He graduated in
Business Administration at the Università Luigi Bocconi of Milan. He is currently Chairman of Banca Monte dei Paschi
di Siena, of Appeal Strategy & Finance Srl and member of the Supervisory Board of Sberbank. He is also member of
the Board of Directors of the Bocconi University in Milan. He began his career in 1977 at the Banco Lariano, becoming
Branch Manager in Milan. In 1987, he joined McKinsey where he was Project Manager in the strategy area for the
finance sector. In 1989, he was appointed Head of relations with financial institutions and integrated development
projects at Bain, Cuneo e Associati firm (now Bain & Company). In 1991, he left the field of company consultancy to
join RAS, Riunione Adriatica di Sicurtà, where he was given responsibility, as General Manager, for the banking and
parabanking sectors. He was also in charge of the yield increase of that company’s bank and of the other group
companies operating in the field of asset management. In 1994, he joined Credito Italiano as Joint Central Manager,
with responsibility for Programming and Control, becoming General Manager in 1995. In 1997, he was appointed Chief
Executive Officer of Credito Italiano and subsequently of Unicredit, a position he held until September 2010. On an
international level he was Chairman of the European Banking Federation and Chairman of the IMC Washington. In
May 2004, he was decorated as Cavaliere del Lavoro.
137
Senior Management
The table below sets forth the composition of Eni’s Senior Management as at December 31, 2013. It includes the
CEO, as General Manager of Eni SpA, the Chief Operating Officers, the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Corporate
Operations Officer and the Executives who report directly to the CEO (*).
Name
Management position
Paolo Scaroni
General Manager of Eni
Claudio Descalzi
Exploration & Production Chief Operating Officer
Angelo Fanelli
Refining & Marketing Chief Operating Officer
Massimo Mondazzi
Chief Financial Officer
Salvatore Sardo
Chief Corporate Operations Officer
Stefano Lucchini
International Relations and Communication
Senior Executive Vice President
Massimo Mantovani
General Counsel Legal Affairs
Senior Executive Vice President
Roberto Ulissi
Company Secretary
Marco Petracchini
Corporate Affairs and Governance
Senior Executive Vice President
Internal Audit
Senior Executive Vice President
Marco Alverà
Midstream
Senior Executive Vice President
Salvatore Meli
Research and Technological Innovation
Executive Vice President
Leonardo Bellodi
Government Affairs
Stefano Leofreddi
Executive Vice President
Integrated Risk Management
Senior Vice President
Raffaella Leone
Executive Assistant to the CEO
________
Year first
appointed
to current
position
Total number
of years of service
at Eni
2005
2008
2010
2012
2008
2005
2006
2006
2011
2012
2011
2012
2012
2005
9
33
33
22
9
9
21
8
15
9
32
8
28
9
Age
67
58
61
50
61
51
50
51
49
38
60
48
53
51
(*)
As of July 2013, the activities of the Gas & Power Division, due to the reorganization of the business, have been reassigned to the Midstream and to the
Downstream Gas & Power Departments.
The Chief Operating Officers, the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Corporate Operations Officer and the
Executive Assistant to the CEO, the Senior Executive Vice Presidents and the Government Affairs Executive Vice
President and the Chief Executive Officer of Versalis SpA are permanent members of the Management Committee6,
which advises and supports the CEO.
The Chief Operating Officers, the Chief Financial Officer and the Senior Executive Vice President of the Internal
Audit Department are appointed by the Board of Directors, acting upon a proposal of the CEO in agreement with the
Chairman. Other members of Eni’s senior management are appointed by Eni’s CEO and may be removed without
cause, except for the Senior Executive Vice President of the Internal Audit Department and the Company Secretary,
who are appointed by the Board of Directors, the latter upon a proposal of the Chairman.
Senior Managers
Claudio Descalzi was born in Milan in 1955. He graduated in Physics in 1979 at the Politecnico di Milano. He
joined Eni in 1981 as an Oil-Gas field petroleum engineering and project manager, for the development of the North
Sea, Libya, Nigeria, and Congo. In 1990, he was appointed Head of reservoir and operating activities for Italy. In 1994,
he was named Managing Director of the Eni subsidiary in Congo and in 1998 Vice Chairman and Managing Director of
Eni’s subsidiary in Nigeria. From 2000 to 2001, he held the position of Executive Vice President for Africa, Middle
(6)
The Internal Audit Senior Executive Vice President attends the meeting of the Management Committee only for matters that lie within his competence.
138
East and China. From 2002 to 2005, he was Executive Vice President for Italy, Africa, Middle East covering also the
role of Chairman of the Board of several Eni subsidiaries in the area. In 2005, he was appointed Deputy Chief
Operating Officer of Eni Exploration & Production Division. In 2012, he was the first European to receive the
prestigious “Charles F. Rand Memorial Gold Medal 2012” award by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and the
American Institute of Mining Engineers. He is currently President of Assomineraria and Vice President of
Confindustria Energia. Since July 2008, he has been Chief Operating Officer of Eni Exploration & Production Division.
Angelo Fanelli was born in Rome in 1952. He has a degree in mechanical engineering from the La Sapienza
University in Rome. After gaining experience at other companies, he joined the Eni Group in 1981, and in the first
seven years held “field” positions in the Extra-network and Network markets as Technical Assistant, Lubricants and
Sales Promoter on the Motorway Network. From 1988 to 1993, he was Head of the Bologna and Florence sales areas.
From 1994 to 2004, he held a number of positions in the Network sector. He was appointed Head of Road Network
Management, Head of the Ordinary Network and subsequently Head of Business Network Italy and Head of the Agip
Road Transport Division, before becoming Head of Retail Business at the Refining & Marketing Division. From 2003
to 2004, he was Chairman and Managing Director of AgipRete SpA. In 2004, he was appointed Commercial Director
Italy, a job he held until 2005 when he took up the position of Head of Logistics at the Genoa headquarters. In 2006, he
was appointed Commercial Director (Executive Vice President) of the Refining & Marketing. From 2008 to December
31, 2012, he was a member of the board of Europia in Brussels. On April 6, 2010, he was appointed Chief Operating
Officer of Eni SpA - Refining & Marketing. Since April 2010, he has been Chairman of Eni Trading & Shipping SpA.
Since 2010, he has been member of the Board of Eni Foundation. Since 2010, he has been Vice President of Unione
Petrolifera. Since June 2012, he has been member of the steering council of AISCAT. Since 2012, he has been member
of the Board of Unindustria Lazio. Since 2013, he has been member of the General Council of Confidustria Energia.
Massimo Mondazzi was born in Monza in 1963. He graduated from the University L. Bocconi in Milan in 1987
with a degree in Business Administration. Before joining Eni in 1992, his early career was spent gaining professional
experience in industrial and consulting firms. He worked in the Administration and Control area of the Eni Exploration
and Production Division until 2006, where he reached the level of Director. From 2006 to 2009, he was the Director of
Planning and Control for the Eni Group, before returning to the Exploration & Production Division as the Executive
Vice President for Central Asia, Far East and Pacific Region. During his tenure as Executive Vice President for Central
Asia, Far East and Pacific Region, he has contributed to the consolidation of Eni’s activities in the Exploration and
Production Division, to the launch of new development projects and to Eni’s entry into new countries. As of December
5, 2012, he is Chief Financial Officer of the Eni Group and Manager charged with preparing Company’s financial
reports pursuant to Article 154-bis of Italian Legislative Decree No. 58/1998.
Salvatore Sardo was born in Turin in 1952. He graduated in Economics from the University of Turin. He is also a
Chartered Accountant and Auditor. He has been Chief Corporate Operations Officer of Eni SpA since November 2008,
reporting to the Chief Executive Officer with responsibility for policies and control of procurement, the department of
Human Resources and organization, the department of Information & Communication Technology, Health, Safety,
Environment & Quality, Security, Compensation & Benefits and the subsidiary EniServizi. Since April 8, 2009, he has
also been the Chairman of Eni Corporate University. From April 27, 2010 to October 15, 2012, he was also Chairman
of Snam SpA7. In April 2013, he was appointed Chairman of Versalis and member of the Board of Directors of Eni
Foundation. From 2005 at Eni SpA, he was appointed Senior Executive Vice President Human Resources and Business
Services, reporting to the Chief Executive Officer, with responsibility for policies and control of the Information
& Communication Technology department and the subsidiary EniServizi. From February 4, 2003, at Enel SpA, group
head of Procurement, Services and Security, reporting to the Chief Executive, with a volume of procurement of over ! 3
billion. From October 1, 2001, head of the Real Estate and General Services operating unit of Telecom Italia, reporting
to the Chief Executive. From November 2000, head of the Real Estate and Services business unit of Telecom Italia.
From October 1999, operational head of the Real Estate Department of Telecom Italia. Chairman of EMSA, Chairman
and Chief Executive of EMSA Servizi and Chairman and Chief Executive of IMMSI, a company listed on the Milan
Stock Exchange, as well as operational Chairman of TELIMM, IMSER and Telemaco companies operating in the same
sector. From 1998 to June 2001, Chairman of Seat Pagine Gialle SpA. From 1997, at Telecom Italia as deputy general
manager of finance, administration and control. From 1981, at Stet as head of Control for manufacturing; in 1991,
co-central director and from 1992 to 1996, central director of Planning and Control. From September 1976 to 1981, at
Coopers & Lybrand as an auditor, rising to the position of supervisor. In July 2011, he was appointed Grande Ufficiale
dell’Ordine al Merito of Italian Republic. On June 2008 he was nominated Commendatore dell’Ordine al Merito of
Italian Republic. From April 2008 to April 2011, he was a member of the Board of Directors and the Remuneration
Committee of Saipem SpA. He has also served as a standing statutory auditor of Italtel, Finsiel and Telecom Italia.
Stefano Lucchini was born in Rome in 1962. He is married with two children and has a degree in economics from
the LUISS in Rome. His first job was in the research department at Montedison. After a period as assistant to the
Chairman of the Energy and Commerce Committee of the U.S. Congress in Washington D.C., he was director of
communications at Montedison USA in New York. Returning to Italy in 1993, he was responsible for financial
communications and investor relations for the Montedison Group. He joined Enel in 1997 as Head of corporate
(7)
Until January 1, 2012 the company name was Snam Rete Gas SpA.
139
communications, and investor relations (where he oversaw the company’s IPO) and subsequently as the group’s head of
external relations. He has been the head of external relations for Confindustria, the Italian employers’ federation. In
June 2002, he was appointed head of external relations for the Banca Intesa Group. In July 2005, he was appointed as
Eni’s Senior Executive Vice President of public affairs and corporate communication and, since July 2012, he has been
Senior Executive Vice President of international relations and communication and chairman of Eni USA Inc. He
teaches at the Advanced School of Journalism at Milan’s Catholic University, for which he is also a member of the
evaluation committee. Since 2007, he has been a member of the Supervisory Board of Confindustria and of the
executive board of UPA. He is also a member of the boards of Censis, the Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) and
the Eni Foundation. Since 2005, he has been a member of the Board of Directors of AGI. He is a Grand Officer of
Order of Merit of the Italian Republic and was awarded the Silver Cross Medal by the Italian Red Cross. He is a
member of the Advisory Board for the LUISS MBA Program and member of the Board of Directors of both the
American Chamber of Commerce in Italy and Unindustria and a director of the Energy Foundation. He is a visiting
fellow at Oxford University.
Massimo Mantovani was born in Milan in 1963. He has a degree in Law from Università Statale di Milano (Italy)
and a Master in Law (LLM) from the University of London (United Kingdom). He was admitted to practice law in Italy
as avvocato and in England as solicitor. For around 5 years he worked for law firms in Milan and London. In 1993, he
joined the legal department of Eni being mostly engaged in international legal activities. Since October 2005, he is the
General Counsel and Senior Executive Vice President of Eni. He is a member of the ICC Paris corporate responsibility
and anti-corruption commission and since 2011, he participates to the anti-corruption working group of the B20. From
2005 to 2012, he was a non-executive director of Snam Rete Gas8 a listed Italian company, and in 2012 and 2013, a
member of the board of director of Università degli Studi di Bologna. He is the author of numerous publications and
teaches corporate responsibility.
Roberto Ulissi was born in Rome in 1962. Lawyer. After a number of years spent as a lawyer at the Bank of Italy,
in 1998 he was appointed General Manager at the Ministry of the Economy and Finance, head of the Banking and
Financial System and Legal Affairs Department. He was a director of the companies Telecom Italia, Ferrovie dello
Stato, Alitalia, Fincantieri and a government representative on the Governing Council of the Bank of Italy. He was also
a member of numerous Italian and European committees representing the Ministry of the Economy, including, at a
national level, the Commission for the Reform of Corporate Law and, at EU level, the Financial Services Policy Group,
the Banking Advisory Committee, the European Banking Committee, the European Securities Committee, and the
Financial Services Committee. He was also special professor of banking law at the University of Cassino. He is Grande
Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana. Since 2006 he has been Senior Executive Vice President Corporate Affairs and
Governance and Company Secretary of Eni. He is also a director of Eni International BV.
Marco Petracchini was born in Rome in 1964. He graduated Cum Laude in Economics from La Sapienza
University in Rome in 1989. After graduation, he was hired by Esso Italiana where he held various positions in the IT,
Finance and Auditing sectors. He joined Eni in 1999 in the Internal Audit Department, gradually taking on positions of
increasing responsibilities: Head of Downstream Audit activities and Head of Support Process activities (in particular
IT and Fraud Audit). He is currently Senior Executive Vice President of the Internal Audit Department. He is also a
member of the Watch Structure of Eni SpA and Secretary of the Control and Risk Committee of Eni SpA. He holds
international qualifications as well, in detail: Certified Internal Auditor (CIA), Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE),
Certified Risk Management Assurance (CRMA). He is currently a Board member of AiiA (Italian Internal Auditors
Association).
Marco Alverà graduated from the London School of Economics in 1997 in Philosophy and Economics. He is
currently an Associate Fellow at the Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, with particular
interest/experience in doing business sustainably in developing economies and in Africa. He started his career at
Goldman Sachs in London in 1997 in M&A and Private Equity. In 2000, he co-founded Netesi, Italy’s first broadband
ADSL company. From 2002 to 2005, he joined Enel as Head of Group Corporate Strategy before becoming in 2004
Chief Financial Officer of Wind Telecom, overseeing the sale of Wind to Orascom. He joined Eni in 2005 as Assistant
to the CEO for special initiatives. In 2006, he was appointed Director of Supply & Portfolio Development at Eni Gas
& Power Division and Chief Executive Officer of Blue Stream and Promgas. In 2008, he moved to Eni Exploration
& Production Division where he was appointed Executive Vice President for Russia, North Europe and Americas.
In these countries he managed operations and led negotiations with governments and other international oil companies.
Since 2010, he has been Chief Executive Officer of Eni Trading and Shipping SpA, which manages all the commodity
Trading and Shipping activities for Eni. In January 2012, he was appointed Senior Executive Vice President of Eni
Trading, that in March 2013, became Eni Optimization & Trading and successively Eni Midstream as of July 2013.
The business unit Midstream oversees commodity trading activities, supply and oil & gas portfolio optimization, sales
on wholesale Gas & Power markets, Midstream LNG commercial activities and commodities transport. He has served
on the Board of Gazprom Neft and is Chairman of the Board of Eni’s Russian subsidiaries.
Salvatore Meli was born in Torre del Greco in 1953. After earning his degree in Chemical Engineering, in 1980
he began his career as a researcher, gradually taking on positions of greater responsibility up to 1992, when he became
(8)
From January 1, 2012 Snam Rete Gas changed its company name in Snam SpA.
140
Head of Applied Research in Engineering at Eni Research. In 1998, he became Head of Research of Eni Technologies
and took over the responsibility of the entire Department of Engineering, Modeling and Pilot Systems, a position he
retained until 2003. In January 2004, he was appointed Head of Planning Technology and Development at Eni
Corporate, and then, in August 2006, he took the position of Director of Research and Technological Innovation of the
Exploration & Production Division, with the aim of enhancing the role of technological innovation as a leverage in
strengthening the competitive position of Exploration & Production business. On January 1, 2008, he was appointed
Head of Technologies in Strategic Management and Research at Eni Corporate, with responsibility for monitoring the
development of technologies of interest to Eni’s activities and to identify development opportunities for new
technologies and new energy sources. In this position, particular emphasis was placed on activities enhancing
intellectual property through a significant increase in the number and quality of patents filed. On June 10, 2009, as part
of Eni Corporate Management Studies and Research, he was appointed Executive Vice President of Research
& Technological Innovation; since August 2, 2011, he has been reporting directly to the Chief Executive Officer under
the aegis of the Research & Technological Innovation Department.
Leonardo Bellodi was born in Venice in 1965. After graduating in law, he worked at the United Nations and for
international law firms. He is the author of numerous publications and has taught international and EU law. In 1998, he
was hired as Head of the Eni Delegation at the European Union. Since his return from Brussels in 2006, he has held
positions of increasing responsibility at Eni’s Department of Public Affairs and Communication, and in 2011 he was
appointed as Public Affairs Executive Vice President. Since July 2012, he has been Executive Vice President of
Government Affairs, reporting directly to the Chief Executive Officer of Eni SpA. Since 2009, he has also been
Chairman of the Board of Directors of Syndial SpA.
Stefano Leofreddi was born in Rome in 1960. He graduated in economics and, after a researcher experience at the
International Trade Centre (UN/WTO) in Geneva, he joined Eni in 1986, working in planning and control at EniChem,
where he remained until 1998, in positions of increasing responsibility. Then, at Eni Corporate, he has been in charge of
important innovating projects in the administration and control area until 2001, when he was appointed Head of
Administration and Control at Stogit, where he contributed to the company start-up. Since 2007, returning to Eni
Corporate, he coordinated the Eni gas infrastructure functional unbundling program (Snam9, Italgas, Stogit). From
2009, he was Head of Risk Control and Financial Systems. He is currently Senior Vice President of Integrated Risk
Management, reporting directly to the Chief Executive Officer.
Raffaella Leone in Eni since 2005, she is the Executive Assistant to the CEO of Eni. She is President of Servizi
Aerei SpA, Vice President of Eni Foundation, member of the Board of Directors of the news agency AGI (Agenzia
Giornalistica Italia) and of the Board of Directors of Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. Previously, she was the Executive
Assistant to the CEOs of Enel (from May 2002 to 2005) and of Pilkington (from 1996 to May 2002).
Compensation
Board members’ emoluments are determined by the Shareholders’ Meeting, while the emoluments of the
Chairman and CEO, in relation to the powers entrusted to them, are determined by the Board of Directors considering
relevant proposals made by the Compensation Committee and after consultation with the Board of Statutory Auditors.
Moreover, in accordance with the applicable Italian laws and regulations (Article 123-ter of Legislative Decree
No. 58 of February 24, 1998 and Article 84-quater of Consob Decision No. 11971 of May 14, 1999, and subsequent
modifications) and in line with the Corporate Governance Code recommendations for Italian listed companies, the
Board of Directors approves and submits to the annual Shareholders’ Meeting advisory vote, the first section of the
Remuneration Report which describes the Remuneration Policy Guidelines adopted for Directors, Chief Operating
Officers of Eni Division and other Managers with strategic responsibilities10.
The main elements of the 2014 remuneration policy and of the compensation paid in 2013 to the Chairman, the
CEO, other Board members and Eni’s Chief Operating Officer and of other Managers with strategic responsibilities, are
described below.
(9)
(10)
As of January 1, 2012, the company name was Snam Rete Gas SpA.
Those persons who have the power and responsibility, directly or indirectly, for planning, directing and controlling Eni fall under the definition of “Managers with
strategic responsibilities”, pursuant to Consob regulations. Eni Managers with strategic responsibilities, other than Directors and Statutory Auditors, are those who
sit on the Management Committee and, in any case, those who report directly to the Chief Executive Officer.
141
2014 Remuneration Policy Guidelines
The Guidelines for the 2014 Remuneration Policy provide as follows:
•
•
•
for the Directors in office, whose term ends on the date of the Shareholders’ Meeting called to approve the
financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013, the 2014 Guidelines reflect the decisions taken by
the Board of Directors on June 1, 2011 and do not provide, therefore, significant changes to the Policy already
adopted in the previous year;
for the Directors to be appointed for the new term of office, the main change compared to 2013 is the
introduction, subject to approval of the Shareholders’ Meeting, of the proposed reduction in remuneration in
accordance with Article 84-ter of the Law No. 98/2013, with a limit to the remuneration of Executive
Directors in an amount equal to 75% of the “total remuneration” determined for any reason in the course of
the current term of office (defined as the maximum potential remuneration). For the Chief Executive Officer
to be appointed after the next renewal of the Board, there will be variable remunerations designed to reward
the performance achieved on annual basis, linked to the defined performance metrics for the previous year,
and on the medium to long term through the participation in the variable incentive plans provided for the
Division Chief Operating Officers and other Managers with strategic responsibilities. For the non-executive
Directors who will be part of the Audit and Risk Committee, in relation to the significant and growing
engagement required for performing their tasks, the possibility is provided for an increase in the related
remuneration, maintaining the criterion of differentiation between the Chairman and other members; and
for the Division Chief Operating Officers and other Managers with strategic responsibilities, the 2014
Guidelines provide the same compensation instruments defined in 2013, with the adoption of a new
Long-term Monetary Incentive Plan for critical managerial resources, which, in replacing the previous one,
provides some changes to the performance conditions, in order to ensure greater alignment with shareholder
interests and enhance the sustainability of the value creation in the long term, taking into account the
guidelines of the proxy advisors and major institutional investors. The Long-term Monetary Incentive Plan for
2014-2016 provides, as performance parameters, both the Total Shareholder Return (TSR) and the Net
Present Value (NPV) of proved reserves. The Plan, being also linked to the performance of the Eni stock, will
therefore be subject to the approval of the shareholders in their Annual Meeting scheduled for May 8, 2014.
The conditions of the Plan will therefore be described in detail in the informative document made available to
the public on the Company’s website (www.eni.com), in application of current legislation (Article 114-bis of
Italian Legislative Decree No. 58/1998 and Consob implementing regulations).
CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS
Remuneration of the Chairman for the powers delegated
For the current Chairman, the Board of Directors, on June 1, 2011 defined a supplementary remuneration for the
powers delegated in accordance with the Articles of Association, in addition to the remuneration determined by the
Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011. To this end, a fixed gross annual component of ! 500,000, unchanged from the
previous mandate, was established and a variable annual component with a minimum (performance = 85), target
(performance = 100) and a maximum incentive level (performance = 130), equal to 51%, 60% and 78%, respectively of
the fixed remuneration was established for the delegated powers, to be calculated based on the performance achieved by
Eni during the year prior to that in which these are paid. The performance metrics for the incentives that will be paid in
2013 are focused on Eni’s economic and financial performance, its operational and industrial performance and on the
implementation of the strategic and sustainable guidelines defined in the Strategic Plan, and on specific measures
related to the activities of the Chairman to ensure the effective functioning of the Board of Directors.
For the Chairman to be appointed for the new term, the Guidelines for Remuneration Policy, taking into account
the specific powers that may be granted in accordance with the Articles of Association and in line with the provisions of
Article 84-ter of Law No. 98/2013, provide possible compensation for the powers defined within a maximum of 75% of
the total remuneration determined for any reason during the current term of office, subject to the approval of the
proposal to be presented at the Shareholders’ Meeting, and with the performance metrics set in line with the scheme of
2013.
Remuneration of non-executive Directors for participation in Board Committees
For non-executive and/or independent Directors in office, an additional annual remuneration is maintained11 for
their participation in Board Committees, the amounts of which remain unchanged compared with 2013 and are
confirmed as follows:
(11)
In line with the previous mandate, the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011 established the remuneration of the Directors providing for: (i) a gross annual fixed
remuneration of euro 115,000; and (ii) an annual incentive linked to the positioning of the performance of the Eni stock, compared to the seven major international
oil companies by capitalization (Exxon, Shell, Chevron, British Petroleum, Total, Conoco, Statoil). This incentive of euro 20,000 and euro 10,000 is paid if Eni is
ranked first and second or third and fourth, respectively, in the afore mentioned rank for the year in question. In all other cases, the incentive is not payable.
142
•
•
•
for the Control and Risk Committee, a compensation of ! 45,000 for the Chairman and ! 35,000 for the other
members is envisaged, in view of the ever more significant role played by the Committee in monitoring
Company risk;
for the Compensation Committee and the Oil-Gas Energy Committee, the compensation is confirmed at
! 30,000 for the Chairman and ! 20,000 for the other members, as already envisaged in the previous mandate;
and
for participation in the Nomination Committee, established in July 2011, no compensation is envisaged.
Where a Director participates in more than one Committee (with the exception of the Nomination Committee), the
compensation due is reduced by 10%.
For non-executive directors who will be appointed for the new mandate, the Guidelines for Remuneration Policy
provide, in general, the maintenance of the compensations already defined in 2013 for participation in the Board
Committees, and they also confirm the principle of differentiation of remunerations between Chairman and other
members, as well as the mechanism of reduction of compensation in case of participation in several committees. For the
non-executive Directors who will be part of the Audit and Risk Committee, in relation to the significant and growing
engagement required for performing the task, the possibility is provided for an increase in the related remuneration,
maintaining the criterion of differentiation between the Chairman and other members.
Payment due in the event of termination of office or employment
No specific payments are envisaged upon the termination of the mandates of Chairman and of non-executive
Director nor do any agreements exist that provide for indemnities in the case of the mandate’s early termination of the
mandate. For the Chairman in office, the Compensation Committee is entitled to propose to the Board of Directors the
possible recognition of an indemnity, upon completion of the mandate, commensurate with the compensation received
and the achievement of performance of particular relevance to Eni.
Benefits
For the Chairman, the Remuneration Policy Guidelines provide, in line with 2013, insurance-related benefits, also
covering the risk of death and disability.
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND GENERAL MANAGER
For the Chief Executive Officer and the General Manager in office, the 2014 remuneration structure reflects the
decisions taken by the Board of Directors on June 1, 2011 for the entire duration of the mandate. Remuneration
envisaged by the Board in relation to the powers delegated includes both the compensation for Directors determined by
the Shareholders’ Meeting on May 5, 2011, as well as any compensation that may be due for participating in the Board
of Directors of Eni’s subsidiaries or associated companies. For the Chief Executive Officer to be appointed after the
next renewal of the Board, the Remuneration Policy Guidelines provide remuneration defined by taking into account the
specific powers to be conferred in accordance with the Articles of Association, within a maximum of 75% of total
remuneration determined for the current mandate in accordance with Article 84-ter of Law No. 98/2013 and subject to
the approval of the proposal that will be presented at the Shareholders’ Meeting.
Fixed remuneration
For the Chief Executive Officer and the General Manager in office, the fixed remuneration is set at an annual gross
amount of ! 1,430,000 of which ! 430,000 is for the role of Chief Executive Officer and ! 1,000,000 is for the role of
General Manager; these amounts are unchanged compared to the previous mandate, in consideration of the continuity of
the powers granted. In his capacity as Eni Senior Manager, the General Manager is also entitled to receive a travel
indemnity, in Italy and abroad, in line with the applicable provisions in the relevant national collective labor agreement
for senior managers and complementary Company level agreements.
For the Chief Executive Officer to be appointed after the next renewal of the Board, there are fixed remunerations
reformulated in application of the proposal that will be presented at the Shareholders’ Meeting under the afore
mentioned Law No. 98/2013, also taking into account the specific powers that will be awarded in accordance with the
Articles of Association, as well as the recommendations contained in the principles and general purposes of Eni’s
Remuneration Policy.
143
Annual variable incentives
For the Chief Executive Officer and the General Manager in office, in line with 2013, the 2014 annual variable
incentive plan is linked to the achievement of the predefined performance metrics from the previous year, measured
according to a performance scale of 70÷130, in relation to the weight assigned to each objective (below 70 points, the
performance of each objective is considered zero). For the purposes of the incentive, the minimum overall performance
is 85 points. The 2013 performance metrics for the purpose of incentives that will be paid in 2014 have concerned in
particular: (i) the implementation of the lines of strategic and financial sustainability (weight 30%) in terms of reserve
replacement, increase in exploration resources, optimization of productive and financial activities, maintenance of Eni’s
presence in the indexes “FTSE4Good” and “Dow Jones Sustainability Index”; (ii) the adjusted EBIT (weight 30%);
(iii) the operating performance of the Divisions (weight 30%); and (iv) the efficiency program (weight 10%). The
annual variable incentive plan for the Chief Executive Officer and the General Manager envisages compensation tied to
a minimum (performance = 85), a target (performance = 100) and a maximum incentive level (performance = 130), set
at 87.5%, 110% and 155%, respectively of the total fixed remuneration, based on the results achieved by Eni in the
previous year.
Long-term variable incentives
For the Chief Executive Officer and General Manager in office, the long-term residual variable component for
2014 regards the third and final allocation of the Deferred Monetary Incentive Plan, also provided for all executives of
the Company and linked to the performance of the Company measured in terms of EBITDA. This parameter is
generally used in the oil and gas sector as a performance indicator and is in line with Eni’s growth and consolidation
strategy in its various areas of business. The assignment and payment of the incentive, after a three-year vesting period,
are subject to the following conditions: (i) the incentive to be assigned is determined in relation to the EBITDA results
achieved by the Company during the previous year, measured on a performance scale 70÷130, with respective
minimum, target and maximum values of 38.5%, 55% and 71.5% of the total fixed remuneration. If the results are
below the minimum level of performance, no allocation is made; (ii) the incentive to be paid at the end of the three-year
vesting period is determined on the basis of the average annual EBITDA results achieved during the vesting period, as a
percentage between zero and 170% of the assigned value. The annual performance is evaluated on a scale of between
70% and 170% (below the minimum threshold of 70%, the performance is assumed to be zero). Should the current
office not be renewed, the payment of each incentive assigned will occur at the natural expiry of the relative vesting
period, in accordance with the performance conditions defined in the Plan. For the Chief Executive Officer and General
Manager in office, the Board of Directors also approved, on September 19, 2013 the third and final allocation of the
Long-Term Monetary Incentive Plan introduced to replace the previous Stock Option Plan, no longer operating since
2009.
For the Chief Executive Officer to be appointed after the next renewal of the Board, there will be variable
remunerations designed to reward the performance achieved on an annual basis, linked to the defined performance
metrics for the previous year, and in the medium to long-term period through the participation in the variable incentive
plans provided for the Division Chief Operating Officers and other Managers with strategic responsibilities. The Chief
Executive Officer will therefore participate in the Long-Term Monetary Incentive Plan for critical managerial resources
linked to two new performance benchmarks (Total Shareholder Return and Net Present Value of proved reserves),
measured in relative terms compared to a reference peer group over three years, according to the characteristics more
fully described under the section “Chief Operating Officers of Eni’s Divisions and other Managers with strategic
responsibilities – Long-term variable incentives”. Should the current office not be renewed, the payment of each
incentive assigned will occur at the natural expiry of the relative vesting period, in accordance with the performance
conditions defined in the Plan. The maximum limits of the components of the variable incentive will be determined
within the constraints of remunerations reductions required by Law No. 98/2013 and taking into account the
recommendations contained in the principles and general purposes of Eni’s Remuneration Policy.
On the basis of the February 12, 2014, Board resolution, the 2014 performance metrics linked to the short-term
incentive plan of the Chief Executive Officer concern in particular: (i) the business results, in terms of free cash flow
and adjusted EBIT (total weight 40%); (ii) the implementation of the strategic guidelines (weight 30%) in terms of
reserve replacement, increase in exploration resources, optimization of production activities and financial structure; and
(iii) the operating performance of the Divisions (weight 20%); sustainability (weight 10%), in relation to the
maintenance of Eni’s presence in at least one of the indexes “FTSE4Good” and “Dow Jones Sustainability Index” and
the development of the “Integrity Culture” program.
Treatments established in the event of termination of office or employment
The following is envisaged for the Chief Executive Officer and General Manager in office in accordance with the
practices in the markets of reference and in line with the previous mandate, also considering the entitlements already
accrued within the employment relationship, established before March 31, 2010 and due to which, in accordance with
the Corporate Governance Code, the recommendations pursuant to criteria 6.C.1, letter f) of the same code cannot be
applied:
144
•
•
•
upon termination of the management employment relationship, either in expiry or due to early termination of
the current mandate, an indemnity is envisaged in addition to the severance pay due upon termination of
employment and in lieu of any obligations regarding prior notice. This is defined as a fixed component of
! 3,200,000 and a variable component based on the value of the annual variable incentive calculated with
respect to the average of Eni performance in the three-year period 2011-2013; the indemnity will not be due
should the termination of the employment relationship meet the requirements of due cause, or occur as the
result of death or of the party’s resignation from office for reasons other than an essential reduction of the
powers currently attributed;
at the end of the mandate a payment will be recognized which, in relation to the fixed remuneration and 50%
of the maximum variable remuneration earned for the administrative role alone, will guarantee a social
security contribution and severance pay equal to that paid by Eni for the management employment
relationship; and
in relation to the undertaking assumed by the Chief Executive Officer and General Manager not to carry out
any type of activity that may be in competition with that performed by Eni for a period of one year after the
termination of the employment relationship, in all of Italy, Europe and North America, the payment of
! 2,219,000 is envisaged.
Moreover the Committee is entitled to propose to the Board, upon the conclusion of the mandate, a possible
increase in the amounts due upon termination of office, in case notable results have been achieved over the course of the
three-year period.
For the Chief Executive Officer to be appointed after the next renewal of the Board – without prejudice to the
acquired rights linked to any continuation of the appointments and contracts in progress at the date of approval of this
Report – the 2014 Remuneration Policy Guidelines provide for the possibility:
•
•
of recognizing possible severance indemnity in line with the recommendations of the Corporate Governance
Code and to an extent not exceeding two years’ remuneration; and
to stipulate possible non-competition agreements, with specific consideration in relation to the annual
remuneration, as well as in relation to the nature, extent and duration of these commitments.
Benefits
In line with the previous mandate and the policy implemented in 2013, the Policy Guidelines provide for
insurance-related benefits, including for the risk of death or disability. In particular, and in compliance with what is
provided in the national collective labor agreement and the complementary company level agreements for Eni senior
managers, enrolment in the supplementary pension plan (FOPDIRE12), as well as in the complementary health plan
(FISDE13) are also provided, together with the use of a Company car. For the Chief Executive Officer to be appointed
after the next renewal of the Board, the 2014 Guidelines provide for equivalent types of benefits.
CHIEF OPERATING OFFICERS OF ENI’S DIVISIONS
AND OTHER MANAGERS WITH STRATEGIC RESPONSIBILITIES
Fixed remuneration
The fixed remuneration is based on the role and the responsibilities assigned, and takes into consideration the
average compensation paid in large national and international companies for similar roles, responsibilities and
complexity. It may be updated periodically in the context of the annual salary review that involves all managerial
resources. The 2014 Guidelines, in consideration of the context of reference and current market trends, provide for
selective criteria, while maintaining appropriate levels for competitiveness and motivation. In particular, the proposed
actions will include: (i) actions to adapt the fixed pay for people who fulfil roles that have seen an increase in
responsibility or who fall below the average for the reference market; and (ii) one-time extraordinary payments for
those who have achieved results or completed projects of particular significance during the year, to promote the
achievement of a performance far superior to the targets assigned. In addition, as an Eni Senior Manager, the Chief
Operating Officers of Eni’s Divisions and the other Managers with strategic responsibilities are entitled to receive the
travel indemnities, in Italy and abroad, in line with the applicable provisions in the relevant national collective labour
agreement for senior managers and in the complementary Company level agreements.
Annual variable incentives
The annual variable incentive plan provides for remuneration to be awarded in 2014, calculated with reference to
the Eni’s performance results, for the business areas and individuals, achieved in the previous year and measured in
accordance with a performance scale of 70÷130 with a minimum incentive level equal to 85 points, below which no
(12) Defined contribution retirement plan with individual capitalization, www.fopdire.it.
(13)
Plan which disburses reimbursement of health expenses for working and retired directors and their families, www.fisde-eni.it.
145
incentive is due, as has already been described for the Chief Executive Officer and General Manager. The target
incentive level (performance = 100) differs by up to a maximum of 60% of the fixed remuneration, based on the role.
For each business area, the performance metrics of the Chief Operating Officers and Managers with strategic
responsibilities are determined on the basis of those assigned to the Chief Executive Officer and are focused, for each
business area, on the economic and financial, operational and industrial performance, on internal efficiency and issues
of sustainability (in terms of health and safety, environmental protection, relations with stakeholders), as well as on
individually assigned targets in relation to the areas of responsibility of the role held, in accordance with the Strategic
Plan of the Company.
Long-term variable incentives
The Chief Operating Officers and the other Managers with strategic responsibilities participate in the Long-Term
Incentive Plans approved by the Board of Directors on March 15, 2012 and March 17, 2014, consisting of:
•
•
a Deferred Monetary Incentive Plan designed for the managerial resources who have delivered the
performance results established in the annual variable incentive Plan. The 2012-2014 Plan envisages three
annual assignments, as of 2012, with the same performance conditions and characteristics as those described
above for the Chief Executive Officer and General Manager. For the Chief Operating Officers and the other
Managers with strategic responsibilities, the incentive to be assigned each year is determined in relation to the
EBITDA results achieved by the Company in the previous year, measured on a performance scale of 70÷130.
The target incentive level differs, based on the role, by up to a maximum of 40% of the fixed remuneration.
The incentive to be paid at the end of the three-year vesting period is determined on the basis of the average
annual EBITDA results achieved during the three-year period, as a percentage between zero and 170% of the
assigned value; and
a Long-Term Monetary Plan envisaged for the managerial resources who are critical for the business. The
2014-2016 Plan, subject to approval by the Shareholder’s Meeting, will replace, with respect to the last
allocation, the previous 2012-2014 Plan. The new plan includes three annual allocations, starting from 2014,
with partially different conditions from the previous Plan, in relation to a need for greater alignment of this
form of incentive to the interests of shareholders and the sustainability of growth in the long term. To this end,
the new plan provides for the introduction of two new performance benchmarks (Total Shareholder Return14
and Net Present Value of proved reserves15), measured in relative terms compared to a peer group of
reference, over a period of three years. The conditions of the Plan include, in particular: (i) incentive to be
given to targets differentiated by role level up to a maximum of 75% of the fixed remuneration; and
(ii) incentive to be paid at the end of the three-year vesting determined in relation to the results achieved in
terms of variation of the parameters identified (TSR with a weight of 60% and NPV with a weight of 40%) in
the three-year period in question in relative terms compared to a peer group consisting of the following
international oil companies: Exxon, Chevron, Shell, British Petroleum, Total, Repsol. The amount to be paid
is defined as a percentage of the amount assigned according to the average annual placements achieved in the
vesting period, compared with those achieved by the companies in the peer group according to the following
scale: 1st place = 130%; 2nd place = 115%; 3rd place = 100%; 4th place = 85%; 5th place = 70%; 6th and 7th
place = 0%. The minimum incentive threshold involves reaching 5th place for both indicators in at least one
year of the three-year vesting period.
Both Plans include clauses aimed at promoting employee retention, envisaging, in the case of consensual contract
resolution or transfer and/or loss of control on the part of Eni of the company of which the individual in question is an
employee during the course of the vesting period, that the employee in question maintains the right to the incentive
decreased in measure related to the period between assignment of the basic incentive and the occurrence of said events.
No payment is envisaged in the case of unilateral termination.
Payment due in the event of termination of office or employment
For Chief Operating Officers and other Managers with strategic responsibilities, as for Eni senior manager, the
payment due for employment termination as per the relevant national collective labor agreement is envisaged, together
with any other additional severance indemnity agreed upon on an individual basis upon termination, according to the
criteria established by Eni for cases of early resolution and/or retirement. These criteria take into account the retirement
age and the actual age of the manager at the time when the employment is terminated and the annual remuneration
received. Specific compensation for cases in which it is necessary to stipulate non-competition agreements may also be
envisaged.
(14)
(15)
The Total Shareholder Return (TSR) is an indicator that measures the overall return of a stock investment, taking into consideration both the price change and the
dividends paid and reinvested in the same stock, in a specific period.
The Net Present Value is an indicator that represents the present value of the future cash flows of proved hydrocarbon reserves, net of future production and
development costs and related taxes. It is calculated on the basis of standard references defined by the Securities Exchange Commission on the basis of the data
published by the oil companies in the official documentation (Form 10-K and Form 20-F).
146
Benefits
For the Chief Operating Officers and other Managers with strategic responsibilities, as per the policy implemented
in 2013, insurance-related benefits are envisaged and, in particular, in compliance with that envisaged in the National
collective labor agreement and the complementary company level agreements for Eni senior managers, enrolment in the
FOPDIRE plan, as well as in the FISDE plan are also envisaged, together with the use of a company car.
MARKET REFERENCES AND PAY MIX
The reference markets used for remuneration benchmarks are: (i) for the Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer
and General Manager, similar roles in the main international companies in the Oil sector, as well as in the largest
national and European listed companies of greatest capitalization; (ii) for non-executive Directors, similar roles in the
largest national listed companies of greatest capitalization; and (iii) for the Chief Operating Officers and other
Managers with strategic responsibilities, roles with the same level of responsibility and managerial complexity in large
national and international industrial companies.
The 2014 Remuneration Policy Guidelines lead to a remuneration mix in line with the management positions held,
with greater weight given to the variable component, in particular over the long term, for those position having a greater
impact on Company results.
Compensation and other information
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2013 REMUNERATION POLICIES
The description below outlines the implementation of the 2013 remuneration policies with respect to the Chairman
of the Board of Directors, non-executive Directors, Chief Executive Officer and General Manager, Chief Operating
Officers of Eni’s Divisions, and other Managers with strategic responsibilities. The implementation of the 2013
Remuneration Policy, as verified by the Compensation Committee at the time of periodic evaluation required by the
Corporate Governance Code, remained consistent with the 2013 Remuneration Policy, approved by the Board of
Directors on March 14, 2013, as well as with the market references found, both in terms of overall positioning and of
pay-mix.
Fixed remuneration
The agreed fixed remuneration was paid to the Chairman, in relation to the role and the powers delegated to the
same, respectively at the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011 and the Board of Directors of June 1, 2011, in line with
the remuneration structure and the amounts defined in the previous mandate. Fixed compensation was paid to the
non-executive Directors as approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011 and these remained unchanged with
regard to the previous mandate. The fixed remuneration was paid to the Chief Executive Officer and General Manager,
as approved by the Board of Directors on June 1, 2011 which left the structure and amounts as the previous mandate
due to the continuity of the delegated powers and the responsibilities entrusted to the Chief Executive Officer and
General Manager. This remuneration included the compensation approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting for the
Directors. For the Chief Operating Officers of Eni’s Divisions and the other Managers with strategic responsibilities,
within the context of the annual salary review process envisaged for all managers, selective adjustments were made to
fixed remuneration in 2013, in cases of promotion to superior levels, or in relation to the necessity to adjust
remuneration levels with respect to the market references identified.
Remuneration for participation in Board Committees
Non-executive Directors receive additional compensation for their participation in Board Committees, in
accordance with that determined by the Board of Directors on June 1, 2011.
Variable incentives
Shareholders’ Meeting variable compensation for the Chairman and the non-executive Directors
In 2013, as verified by the Board of Directors on March 14, 2013, on a proposal by the Compensation Committee,
the conditions required in order to pay the variable component of the compensation approved by the Shareholders’
Meeting of May 5, 2011 to the Chairman and the non-executive Directors, were met. The results for the total 2012
return of the Eni stock compared with that of the other seven major international oil companies by capitalization did in
147
fact place Eni at the top of the ranking, resulting in the payment of an amount of ! 80,000 for the Chairman and ! 20,000
for the other non-executive Directors.
Annual variable incentives
The 2013 annual incentive was paid, with respect to the top managerial positions, given the actual results on the
performance metrics set for 2012 in line with the Strategic Plan and the annual budget, in terms of: (i) the
implementation of the strategic and financial sustainability guidelines, taking into account the assessment expressed by
the Compensation Committee on the targets achieved in terms of reserve replacement and increase in exploration
resources, optimization of operational activities in the Refining & Marketing sector and in Chemicals, financial
leverage, maintenance of Eni’s listing in the main sustainability indexes; (ii) operating performance of the Divisions;
(iii) adjusted EBIT; and (iv) efficiency program. Eni’s results in 2012, evaluated using a constant scenario approved by
the Board at the Meeting of March 14, 2013 and following a proposal by the Compensation Committee, led to a
performance score of 124 points in the measurement scale used, which respectively envisaged target and maximum
performance levels of 100 and 130 points. With regard to the Chief Operating Officers of Eni’s Divisions, the incentive
was paid based on the economic and operational performance obtained in their respective business sectors, also taking
into account an evaluation of how well specific sustainability measures had been achieved (in terms of health and
safety, environmental protection and relations with stakeholders). For the other Managers with strategic responsibilities,
the variable incentive paid in 2013 was linked to the Company results and to a series of individual targets assigned in
relation to the area of responsibility of the role held, in line with that envisaged in the Eni 2012 Performance Plan. For
the purposes of the variable remuneration to be paid in 2013, assessed performance results were as follows:
•
•
•
for the Chairman, the payment of a bonus equal to 74.4% of the fixed remuneration, taking into account the
target (60%) and maximum (78%) incentive levels assigned;
for the Chief Executive Officer, the payment of a bonus equal to 146% of the fixed remuneration, taking into
account the target (110%) and maximum (155%) incentive levels assigned; and
for the Chief Operating Officers of Eni’s Divisions and the Managers with strategic responsibilities, the
payment of bonuses determined in relation to the specific performance achieved, in accordance with the
incentive levels differentiated by role.
Deferred Monetary Incentive Plan
At its meeting on March 14, 2013, the Board of Directors, as verified and proposed by the Compensation
Committee, determined that the 2012 EBITDA result (evaluated using a constant scenario) had achieved the target
level. Therefore, for the Chief Executive Officer and General Manager, the Board ruled to assign an incentive for 2013
equal to ! 786,500 (55% of the fixed remuneration). For Chief Operating Officers and the other Managers with strategic
responsibilities, the incentive amounts defined at target level were assigned, differentiated by role up to a maximum of
40% of the fixed remuneration. In addition, in 2013 the Deferred Monetary Incentive assigned in 2010 to the Chief
Executive Officer and General Manager, to Chief Operating Officers of Eni’s Divisions, and to other Managers with
strategic responsibilities reached maturity. At its meeting on March 14, 2013, based on Eni’s EBITDA results during
the 2010-2012 period, and on the proposal forwarded by the Compensation Committee, the Board of Directors
approved the multiplier to be applied to the amount assigned, for the purposes of calculating the amount to be paid. This
was determined at 130%. As a result, an incentive of ! 1,022,450 was paid to the Chief Executive Officer (equal to
130% of the base incentive of ! 786,500 assigned in 2010).
Long-Term Monetary Incentive Plan
At its meeting on September 20, 2012, the Board of Directors, based on a check and proposal by the Compensation
Committee, resolved the allocation to the Chief Executive Officer and General Manager of the 2013 base incentive
from the Long-Term Monetary Incentive Plan provided by the Board resolution of June 1, 2011 replacing the previous
stock-option plan, which had not been implemented since 2009. The amount of the incentive assigned was defined at
! 2,251,974 in accordance with the criteria and the valuation methods approved by the Board and with the assistance of
specialized external consultants. For the Chief Operating Officers of Eni’s Divisions and the other Managers with
strategic responsibilities, the amounts were determined in accordance with the target incentive level, differentiated by
role up to a maximum of 50% of the fixed remuneration. In addition, in 2013 the Deferred Monetary Incentive assigned
in 2010 to the Chief Executive Officer and General Manager, to Division Chief Operating Officers, and to other
Managers with strategic responsibilities reached maturity. The Board of Directors, at its meeting of March 14, 2013, on
the basis of the results related to the variation of Adjusted Net Profit + DD&A achieved in the period 2010-2012 and
the annual placements with the peer group compared to the base year of reference (2009), has verified, as proposed by
the Compensation Committee, the absence of the conditions for granting such an incentive.
148
Severance indemnity for end of office or termination of employment
In the course of 2013, no severance indemnity for end of office was approved for and/or paid to the Directors,
Division Chief Operating Officers and other Managers with strategic responsibilities.
COMPENSATION PAID IN 2013
The individual amounts of compensation paid in 2013 to each member of the Board of Directors, to Chief
Operating Officers and to each member of the Board of Statutory Auditors, as well as the overall amounts paid to other
Managers with strategic responsibilities, are reported in the table below, pursuant to Article 84-quater of Consob
Decision No. 11971 of May 14, 1999, and subsequent modifications.
In particular:
•
the column “Fixed remuneration” reports the amounts accrued through profit and loss of fixed remuneration
and fixed salary from employment due for the year, gross of social security and tax expenses to be paid by the
employee; it excludes attendance fees, as they are not envisaged. Details on compensation are provided in the
notes, as well as separate indication of any indemnities or payments referred to the employment relationship;
the column “Committee membership remuneration” reports, following the criteria of competence, the
compensation due to the Directors for participation in the Committees established by the Board. In the notes,
compensation for each Committee on which each Director participates is indicated separately;
the column “Variable non-equity remuneration - Bonuses and other incentives” reports the incentives paid
during the year due to rights vested following the assessment and approval of the relative performance results
by the relevant Company bodies, in accordance with that specified, in greater detail, in the Table of page 150
on monetary incentive plans for Directors, Chief Operating Officers, and other Managers with strategic
responsibilities;
the column “Profit sharing”, does not include any figures, as no form of profit-sharing is envisaged;
the column “Non-monetary benefits” reports, in accordance with competence and taxability criteria, the value
of fringe benefits awarded;
the column “Other remuneration” reports, in accordance with the criteria of competence, any other
remuneration deriving from other services provided;
the column “Total” reports the sum of the amounts of all the previous items;
the column “Fair value of equity remuneration” reports the fair value of competence of the year related to the
existing stock option plans, estimated in accordance with international accounting standards which assign the
relevant cost in the vesting period; and
the column “Severance indemnities for end of office or termination of employment” reports the indemnities
accrued, even if not yet paid, for the terminations which occurred during the course of financial year
considered or in relation to the end of the office and/or employment.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
149
Remuneration paid to Directors, Statutory Auditors, Chief Operating Officers and other Managers
with strategic responsibilities
(! thousand)
Name
Notes Office
Term of office
Office expiry
(*)
Fixed
remuneration
Committee
membership
remuneration
Bonuses
and other
incentives
Profit sharing
Non-monetary
benefits
Other
remuneration
Total
2013
Variable non-equity
remuneration
Severance
indemnity for
end of office
or
termination of
employment
Fair value of
equity
remuneration
(1) Chairman
CEO and
(2)
General Manager
Board of Directors
Giuseppe Recchi
Paolo Scaroni
Carlo Cesare Gatto
Alessandro Lorenzi
Paolo Marchioni
Roberto Petri
Alessandro Profumo
Mario Resca
(3) Director
(4) Director
(5) Director
(6) Director
(7) Director
(8) Director
(9) Director
(10) Chairman
(11) Auditor
(12) Auditor
(13) Auditor
(14) Auditor
(15) Auditor
Francesco Taranto
Board of Statutory Auditors
Ugo Marinelli
Francesco Bilotti
Roberto Ferranti
Paolo Fumagalli
Renato Righetti
Giorgio Silva
Chief Operating Officers
Claudio Descalzi
(16) E&P Division
01.01-12.31 04.2014 765 (a)
452 (b)
01.01-12.31 04.2014 1,430 (a)
01.01-12.31 04.2014 115 (a)
01.01-12.31 04.2014 115 (a)
01.01-12.31 04.2014 115 (a)
01.01-12.31 04.2014 115 (a)
01.01-12.31 04.2014 115 (a)
01.01-12.31 04.2014 115 (a)
01.01-12.31 04.2014 115 (a)
3,110 (b)
20 (c)
20 (c)
20 (c)
20 (c)
20 (c)
20 (c)
20 (c)
50 (b)
59 (b)
50 (b)
36 (b)
45 (b)
45 (b)
50 (b)
01.01-09.04
09.05-12.31 04.2014
01.01-12.31 04.2014 115 (a)
26 (a)
54 (a)
80 (a)
80 (a)
80 (a)
01.01-12.31 04.2014
01.01-12.31 04.2014
01.01-12.31 04.2014
01.01-12.31
Remuneration in the company preparing the financial statements 774 (a)
1,495 (b)
Remuneration from subsidiaries and associates
Angelo Fanelli
(17) R&M Division
01.01-12.31
Total 774
585 (a)
Other Managers
with strategic
responsibilities (**)
________
(18)
Remuneration in the company preparing the
financial statements 5,289
Remuneration from subsidiaries and associates 294
Total 5,583 (a)
10,377
335
1,495
651 (b)
5,117
289
5,406 (b)
11,254
4
15
1,221
4,555
185
194
185
171
180
180
185
115
26
54
80
80
80
13
606 (c)
13 606
14
2,282
606
2,888
1,250
10,670
144 120
105
688
144 225 (c) 11,358
190 831
22,987
Notes
(*)
(**)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
The term of office expires with the Shareholders’ Meeting approving the Financial Statements for the year ending December 31, 2013.
Managers who were permanent members of the Company’s Management Committee, during the course of the year together with the Chief Executive Officer and Division Chief Operating
Officers, and those who report directly to the Chief Executive Officer (twelve managers).
Giuseppe Recchi - Chairman of the Board of Directors
(a) The amount includes the fixed remuneration of ! 265 thousand established by the Shareholders’ Meeting on May 5, 2011 and the fixed remuneration of ! 500 thousand for the powers
granted by the Board of Directors on June 1, 2011.
(b) The amount includes the payment of ! 80 thousand relating to the variable remuneration approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011 and ! 372 thousand relating to the annual
variable incentive.
Paolo Scaroni - Chief Executive Officer and General Manager
(a) The amount includes the fixed remuneration of ! 430 thousand for the role of Chief Executive Officer (which incorporates the remuneration established by the Shareholders’ Meeting on
May 5, 2011 for the role of Director) and the fixed remuneration of ! 1 million for the role of General Manager; indemnity due for transfers, in Italy and abroad, in line with the provisions of
the relevant national collective labor agreement for senior managers and of the other Company’s agreements are added to this amount for a total of ! 142 thousand.
(b) The amount includes the variable annual incentive of ! 2,088 thousand, and the deferred monetary incentive of ! 1,022 thousand awarded in 2010 and paid in 2013.
Carlo Cesare Gatto - Director
(a) The amount corresponds with the fixed annual remuneration that was not changed by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011.
(b) The amount includes ! 31.5 thousand for participation in the Control and Risk Committee and ! 18 thousand for the Compensation Committee.
(c) The amount corresponds to the variable remuneration approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting May 5, 2011.
Alessandro Lorenzi - Director
(a) The amount corresponds with the fixed annual remuneration that was not changed by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011.
(b) The amount includes ! 40.5 thousand for participation in the Control and Risk Committee and ! 18 thousand for the Oil-Gas Energy Committee.
(c) The amount corresponds to the variable remuneration approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting May 5, 2011.
Paolo Marchioni - Director
(a) The amount corresponds with the fixed annual remuneration that was not changed by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011.
(b) The amount includes ! 31.5 thousand for participation in the Control and Risk Committee and ! 18 thousand for the Oil-Gas Energy Committee.
(c) The amount corresponds to the variable remuneration approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting May 5, 2011.
Roberto Petri - Director
(a) The amount corresponds with the fixed annual remuneration that was not changed by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011.
(b) The amount includes ! 18 thousand for participation in the Compensation Committee and ! 18 thousand for the Oil-Gas Energy Committee.
(c) The amount corresponds to the variable remuneration approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting May 5, 2011.
Alessandro Profumo - Director
(a) The amount corresponds with the fixed annual remuneration that was not changed by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011.
(b) The amount includes ! 18 thousand for participation in the Compensation Committee and ! 27 thousand for the Oil-Gas Energy Committee.
(c) The amount corresponds to the variable remuneration approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting May 5, 2011.
Mario Resca - Director
(a) The amount corresponds with the fixed annual remuneration that was not changed by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011.
(b) The amount includes ! 27 thousand for participation in the Compensation Committee and ! 18 thousand for the Oil-Gas Energy Committee.
(c) The amount corresponds to the variable remuneration approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting May 5, 2011.
Francesco Taranto - Director
(a) The amount corresponds with the fixed annual remuneration that was not changed by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011.
(b) The amount includes ! 31.5 thousand for participation in the Control and Risk Committee and ! 18 thousand for the Oil-Gas Energy Committee.
(c) The amount corresponds to the variable remuneration approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting May 5, 2011.
Ugo Marinelli - Chairman of the Board of Statutory Auditors
(a) The amount corresponds with the fixed annual remuneration that was not changed by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011.
150
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
Francesco Bilotti - Statutory Auditor
(a) The amount corresponds to the pro-rata from September 5 of the fixed annual remuneration that was not changed by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011.
Roberto Ferranti - Statutory Auditor
(a) The amount corresponds to the pro-rata up to September 4 of the fixed annual remuneration which was not changed by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011, entirely paid to the
Ministry of Economy and Finance.
Paolo Fumagalli - Statutory Auditor
(a) The amount corresponds with the fixed annual remuneration that was not changed by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011.
Renato Righetti - Statutory Auditor
(a) The amount corresponds with the fixed annual remuneration that was not changed by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011.
Giorgio Silva - Statutory Auditor
(a) The amount corresponds with the fixed annual remuneration that was not changed by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011.
Claudio Descalzi - Chief Operating Officer E&P Division
(a) To the amount of ! 774 thousand as gross annual salary are added the indemnities owed for the travel performed, in Italy and abroad, in line with the provisions of the relevant national
collective labor agreement for senior managers and the Company’s additional agreements, as well as other indemnities ascribable to the employment relationship, for a total amount of ! 352
thousand.
(b) The amount includes the payment of ! 357 thousand relating the deferred monetary incentive assigned in 2010.
(c) Amount relating to remuneration for the Chairman of Eni UK.
Angelo Fanelli - Chief Operating Officer R&M Division
(a) To the amount of ! 585 thousand as gross annual salary are added the indemnities owed for the travel performed, in Italy and abroad, in line with the provisions of the relevant national
collective labor agreement for senior managers and the Company’s additional agreements, as well as other indemnities ascribable to the employment contract, for a total amount of ! 101
thousand.
(b) The amount includes the payment of ! 164 thousand relating the deferred monetary incentive assigned in 2010.
Other Managers with strategic responsibilities
(a) To the amount of ! 5,583 thousand as gross annual salary, as the indemnities owed for the transfers performed, in Italy and abroad, in line with the provisions of the relevant national
collective labor agreement for senior managers and with the Company’s additional agreements, as well as other indemnities related to the employment contract for a total amount of ! 766
thousand.
(b) The amount includes the payment of ! 1,446 thousand relating the deferred monetary incentives awarded in 2010.
(c) Relating to the positions held by Managers with strategic responsibilities in the Supervisory Body established pursuant to the Company’s Model 231, to the role of manager responsible for
the preparation of the Company’s financial statements and to the compensation received for positions held in subsidiaries or associated companies of Eni.
OTHER INFORMATION
Accrued compensation
Total compensation accrued in the year 2013 pertaining to all the Board members amounted to ! 13.4 million; it
amounted to ! 0.474 million in the case of the Statutory Auditors. Such amounts include, in addition to each item of
emolument reported in the table above, amounts accrued in the year for pension benefits, social security contributions
and other elements of the remuneration associated with roles performed, which represent a cost for the Company.
For the year ended December 31, 2013, remuneration of persons in key positions in planning, direction and control
functions of Eni Group companies, including executive and non-executive Directors, Chief Operating Officers and
other Managers with strategic responsibilities amounted to ! 38 million and was accrued in Eni’s Consolidated Financial
Statements for the year ended December 31, 2013. The breakdown is as follow:
Fees and salaries ..............................................................................................................................................
Post-employment benefits ...............................................................................................................................
Other long-term benefits ..................................................................................................................................
2013
((cid:1) million)
25
2
11
38
The above amounts include salaries, fees for attending meetings, lump-sum amounts paid in lieu of expense
reimbursements, stock-based compensation and other deferred incentive bonuses, health and pension contributions and
amounts accrued to the reserve for employee termination indemnities, which is used to pay severance pay as required by
Italian law to employees upon termination of employment. The members of the Board of Directors in their capacity as
such are not entitled to receive such severance pay. As of December 31, 2013, the total amount accrued to the reserve
for employee termination indemnities with respect to members of the Board of Directors who were also employees of
Eni, the three Divisional Chief Operating Officers and Eni’s senior managers was ! 1,562 thousand.
Name
Paolo Scaroni
Claudio Descalzi
Angelo Fanelli
Senior managers (a)
________
(a)
No. 12 managers.
CEO and General Manager of Eni ...................................................................
Chief Operating Officer of the E&P Division ................................................
Chief Operating Officer of the R&M Division ...............................................
.............................................................................................................................
((cid:1) thousand)
185
338
244
795
1,562
151
Stock options
The Company discontinued any stock-based compensation scheme in 2009; as such, options outstanding as of the
end of the year pertained to stock options schemes adopted in previous reporting periods. At December 31, 2013, a total
of 2,980,725 options were outstanding for the purchase of an equal amount of Eni ordinary shares without nominal
value.
The following table shows the evolution of stock option activity in 2012 and 2013.
2012
Weighted
average exercise
price
(! )
Number
of shares
Market price
(! )
Number
of shares
2013
Weighted
average exercise
price
(! )
Market price
(! )
Options as of January 1 ..................................... 11,873,205
(93,000)
Options exercised in the period ...........................
(3,520,685)
Options cancelled in the period ...........................
8,259,520
Options outstanding as of December 31 .........
8,243,205
of which exercisable as of December 31 ..........
23.101
16.576
22.233
23.545
23.544
15.941
16.873
16.637
18.457
18.457
8,259,520
-
(5,278,795)
2,980,725
2,969,450
23.545
-
24.112
22.540
22.540
18.457
-
16.278
17.533
17.533
Pursuant to Article 84-quater of Consob Decision No. 11971 of May 14, 1999, and subsequent modifications, the
table below indicates, by name, the stock options assigned to the Chief Executive Officer and General Manager, to the
Chief Operating Officers of the Divisions and, at an aggregate level, to other Managers with strategic responsibilities
(including all those individuals who, during the course of the 2013 period, filled said roles, even if only for a fraction of
the year).
In particular, the purchase rights (options) for Eni shares or for subsidiaries, which can be exercised after three
years from the date granted are indicated, in relation to the existing stock incentive plans, the last of which was granted
in 2008. The data are shown in accordance with the criteria of aggregate representation, as these are incentive plans
which are now only residual.
Stock options granted to Directors, Chief Operating Officers and other Managers with strategic
responsibilities
Name
Paolo Scaroni
Claudio Descalzi
Angelo Fanelli
CEO and General
Manager
Eni
Stock Option Plans
Office
Plan
Chief Operating
Officer of E&P
Division
Eni
Stock Option Plans
Chief Operating
Officer of R&M
Division
Eni
Stock Option Plans
Other Managers with
strategic responsibilities
(1)
Eni Stock Option Plans
Options held at the start of the year
Number of options
Average exercise price
Average maturity
Options granted during the year
Number of options
Exercise price
Period of possible exercise
Fair value on grant date
Grant date
Market price of underlying shares
upon granting of options
Options exercised during the year
Number of options
Exercise price
Market price of underlying shares
on exercise date
Options expired during the year
Number of options
Options held at the end of the year
Number of options
Options relevant to the year
Fair value
________
(! )
(months)
(! )
(from-to)
(! )
(! )
(! )
(! )
(! thousand)
1,288,635
23.440
10
108,635
23.869
12
54,910
23.866
13
597,810
23.879
13
939,660
61,610
27,410
301,360
348,975
47,025
27,500
296,450
(1)
Managers who, during the course of the year and with the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officers of Eni’s Divisions, were permanent members of
the Company Management Committee and the ones who report directly to the Chief Executive Officer (No. 12 managers).
152
Board practices
Corporate Governance
The corporate governance structure of Eni SpA follows the Italian traditional management and control model,
whereby corporate management is the responsibility of the Board of Directors, which is the core of the organizational
system, while supervisory control functions are allocated to the Board of Statutory Auditors. The Company’s accounts
are also independently audited by an accredited Audit Firm appointed by the Shareholders’ Meeting. On April 26, 2012,
Eni completed the adoption of the recommendations of the new Corporate Governance Code for listed companies (on
the Italian Stock Exchange) of December 2011 (hereinafter “Corporate Governance Code”), which replaced the
previous 2006 edition of the Corporate Governance Code.
The names of Eni’s Directors, their positions, the year when each of them was initially appointed as a Director and
their ages are reported in the related table above.
Board of Directors’ duties and responsibilities
The Board of Directors has the widest powers for the ordinary and extraordinary administration of the Company in
relation to its purpose. In a resolution dated May 6, 2011, the Board, while exclusively reserving to itself the most
important strategic, operational and organizational powers in addition to those that cannot be delegated by law,
appointed Paolo Scaroni as CEO and General Manager, entrusting him with the widest powers for the ordinary and
extraordinary administration of the Company. In the same resolution, the Board delegated to the Chairman, Giuseppe
Recchi, powers to identify and promote integrated projects and international agreements of strategic importance, in
accordance with Article 24 of the By-laws. On December 12, 2013, the Board amended the resolution of May 6, 2011.
Exercising the powers set out in the Corporate Governance Code – and in consultation with the relevant committees, the
CEO, and/or the Chairman where applicable – the Board, among other tasks:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
defines the system and rules of Corporate Governance for the Company and the Group;
establishes the Board’s internal committees, appoints their members and chairmen, determining their duties
and compensation, and approves their rules of procedure and annual budgets;
expresses the general criteria for determining the maximum number of offices that a Company Director may
hold in other companies;
delegates and revokes the powers of the CEO and the Chairman, establishing the limits and procedures for
exercising those powers and determining the compensation associated with these duties;
establishes the basic structure of the organizational, administrative and accounting arrangements of the
Company (including the internal control and risk management system), of its strategically important
subsidiaries and of the Group as a whole. It evaluates the adequacy of these arrangements;
establishes the guidelines for the internal control and risk management system and sets the limits of the
Company’s financial risk exposure. It also examines the main risks faced by the Company, and evaluates,
every six months, the adequacy of the internal control and risk management system, as well as the system’s
effectiveness;
approves at least annually the audit plan drawn up by the Head of the Internal Audit Department. It also
evaluates the findings contained in the recommendation letter, if any, of the external auditor and in its
statement on the key issues that arose during the statutory audit;
defines the strategic guidelines and objectives of the Company and the Group, including sustainability
policies. It examines and approves the budgets and strategic, industrial and financial plans of the Group
periodically monitoring their implementation, as well as agreements of a strategic nature for the Company;
examines and approves the annual financial report including the individual and Consolidated Financial
Statements and the semi-annual and quarterly financial reports required by applicable law. It reviews and
approves the Sustainability Reporting not already contained in the financial report;
receives reports from Directors with delegated powers at Board meetings, or on at least a bi-monthly basis, on
the actions taken in exercising their delegated powers;
receives a report from the Board’s internal committees on at least a semi-annual basis;
assesses general developments in the operations of the Company and of the Group, paying particular attention
to conflicts of interest and comparing the results with budget forecasts;
evaluates and approves transactions of the Company and its subsidiaries with related parties16, as well as
transactions in which the CEO has an interest;
evaluates and approves any transaction executed by the Company and its subsidiaries that has a significant
strategic, economic, financial or asset impact for the Company;
appoints and removes the Chief Operating Officers, the Officer in charge of preparing financial reports, the
Head of the Internal Audit Department and the Eni Watch Structure. It ensures the designation of a manager
responsible for shareholders relations;
examines and approves the Remuneration Report and, in particular, the Remuneration Policy for Directors
and Managers with strategic responsibilities to be presented to the Shareholders’ Meeting. It also defines the
(16)
The Board of Directors, on November 18, 2010, approved the Management System Guideline (MSG) “Transactions involving interests of directors and statutory
auditors and transactions with related parties”, which has been applied since January 1, 2011, to ensure transparency and substantial and procedural fairness of
transactions with related parties. The Board modified this MSG on January 19, 2012.
153
criteria for remunerating the senior executives of the Company and the Group and takes steps to implement
compensation plans based on shares or other financial instruments approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting;
resolves on the exercise of voting rights and on the appointment of members of corporate bodies of the
strategically important subsidiaries;
formulates the proposals to present to the Shareholders’ Meeting; and
examines and resolves on other issues that Directors with delegated powers believe should be presented to the
Board due to their particular importance or sensitivity.
•
•
•
In accordance with Article 23.2 of the By-laws, the Board also resolves on mergers and proportional spin-offs of
companies in which Eni’s shareholding is at least 90%; the establishment and closing of branches; and the amendment
of the By-laws to comply with the provisions of law.
In accordance with the By-laws, the Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer retain representative powers for the
Company.
Directors’ independence
During its meeting of May 6, 2011 and, after an investigation by the Nomination Committee, at its meeting of
February 14, 2012, the Board of Directors determined that the non-executive Directors Gatto, Lorenzi, Marchioni, Petri,
Profumo, Resca and Taranto were independent.
These determinations were made by the Board on the basis of statements made by the Directors and other
information available to the Company, and taking into account the criteria of independence established in Italian
regulations and the Corporate Governance Code in force at that time. Director Resca was confirmed as being
independent under the terms of the Corporate Governance Code in force at that time as well, even though he has held
the position for over nine years in the last twelve years17, in light of his recognized independence of judgment. With
reference to the marital relationship of the Director Profumo with an employee of the Company, the Board believes that
this relationship does not compromise the independence requirements requested by Corporate Governance Code in
force at that time, in view of ethical and professional integrity of this Director and his international reputation. Director
Gatto was confirmed as being independent even though he was appointed Chairman of the Board of the Statutory
Auditors of Rai SpA, company under common control with Eni by the Ministry of the Economy and Finance, because
of the independence required to the Board of Statutory Auditors and also for the particular discipline applicable to Rai
SpA which limits the power of control of the Ministry of the Economy and Finance.
After the evaluation of the Board at the Meeting of February 14, 2012, in compliance with the independence
requirements contained in the Corporate Governance Code (Article 3, c.4), which establishes that the Board of Directors
shall assess the independence of a Director every time a material circumstance occurs, the Nomination Committee
investigated, in its Meetings of September 20, 2012 and October 18, 2012, the independence of Director Profumo, who
was appointed Chairman of the Board of Directors of Monte dei Paschi di Siena on April 27, 2012, taking into account
the business relations between Eni and that Bank. The Nomination Committee acquired documentation concerning the
financial relationships between Eni and Monte dei Paschi di Siena and the other information available to the Company,
and confirmed18 the independence of Director Profumo, determining that these business relations were not sufficient to
undermine the independence requirements set out in the Corporate Governance Code. The Board of Directors, on the
basis of the investigation of the Nomination Committee, confirmed, on October 29, 2012, that Director Profumo was
independent.
At the meeting of February 14, 2013, the Board, upon prior investigation by the Nomination Committee,
confirmed the previous evaluations on the independence of Directors according to the independence requirements
contained in the Corporate Governance Code. In particular, the Board confirmed the independence requirements of
Directors Resca, Profumo and Gatto on the basis of the afore mentioned reasons. With reference to Director Gatto, who
was subsequently appointed Chairman of the Board of Statutory Auditors of Rainet SpA (a subsidiary of Rai SpA), the
Board confirmed his independence for the same reasons, mentioned above, regarding his role as Chairman of the Board
of Statutory Auditors of Rai SpA.
The Board of Statutory Auditors has always monitored the correct application of the criteria and procedures
adopted by the Board for assessing the independence of its members. Those independence criteria may not be
equivalent to the independence criteria set forth by the NYSE listing standards applicable to a U.S. domestic company.
(17)
(18)
Resca was appointed Director of the Board for the first time in 2002.
The Director involved in the investigation performed by the Nomination Committee did not take part in the Meeting.
154
Board Committees
The Board of Directors has established four internal committees to provide it with recommendations and advice:
(a) the Control and Risk Committee19; (b) the Compensation Committee; (c) the Nomination Committee; and (d) the
Oil-Gas Energy Committee. The Control and Risk Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nomination
Committee are recommended by the Corporate Governance Code. The composition, duties and operational procedures
of these committees are governed by their rules, which are approved by the Board, in compliance with the criteria
outlined in the Corporate Governance Code.
The committees provided for by the Corporate Governance Code (Control and Risk Committee, Nomination
Committee and Compensation Committee) are composed of no fewer than three members and, in any case, less than a
majority of members of the Board. The Control and Risk Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Oil-Gas
Energy Committee are made up of non-executive, independent Directors. The Nomination Committee is made up of
non-executive Directors, a majority of whom are independent in compliance with the Corporate Governance Code. In
the exercise of their functions, the committees have the right to access any information and Company functions
necessary to perform their duties. They are also provided with adequate financial resources, in accordance with the
terms established by the Board of Directors, and can avail themselves of external advisers.
The Chairman of the Board of Statutory Auditors or a Statutory Auditor designated by him, may participate in
Control and Risk Committee meetings. The Chairman of the Board, the CEO, the other standing Statutory Auditors and
the Magistrate of the Italian Court of Auditors may also attend the Control and Risk Committee meetings. Furthermore,
the Committee may, through its Chairman, invite other persons, including other member of the Board of Directors or
the Company structure, to attend the meetings in relation to individual items on the agenda.
The Chairman of the Board of Statutory Auditors, or a standing Statutory Auditor designated by him, are invited to
participate in Compensation Committee meetings. Other Statutory Auditors may also attend meetings in which the
Committee is addressing issues about which the Board of Directors is required to obtain an opinion from the Board of
Statutory Auditors. Company managers or other persons who, at the invitation of the Chairman of the Committee, are
called to provide information and or opinions based on their expertise on specific items on the agenda may also attend
the meetings. No Director may take part in meetings of the Committee during which Board proposals regarding his
compensation are being discussed.
The Chairman of the Board of Directors and the CEO are invited to attend Oil-Gas Energy Committee meetings
and other Directors may also participate. The Chairman of the Board of Statutory Auditors – or another standing
Statutory Auditor designated by the former – may also participate as well as other individuals, who need not be
affiliated with Eni, at the invitation of the Committee with regard to the specific items in the agenda.
The CEO attends the Nomination Committee meetings. The Chairman of the Board of Statutory Auditors, or a
Statutory Auditor designated by him, may participate in Committee meetings for matters within the competence of the
Board of Statutory Auditors, as well as other persons who, at the invitation of the Committee itself, are called to provide
information and or opinions based on their expertise on specific items in the agenda.
Minutes of all committee meetings are drafted by the respective secretaries. The current members of the Control
and Risk Committee, Compensation Committee, Oil-Gas Energy Committee were appointed by the Board of Directors
on May 6, 2011. The current members of the Nomination Committee were appointed by the Board of Directors on July
28, 2011.
Compensation Committee
Members: Mario Resca (Chairman), Carlo Cesare Gatto, Roberto Petri and Alessandro Profumo.
Established by the Board of Directors for the first time in 1996, in accordance with the By-laws, the Committee
provides recommendations and advice to the Board of Directors. More specifically, the Committee: a) submits to the
Board of Directors for its approval the Remuneration Report and, in particular, the remuneration policy for Directors
and Managers with strategic responsibilities to be presented to the Shareholders’ Meeting called to approve the financial
statements, as provided for by applicable law; b) presents proposals for the remuneration of the Chairman of the Board
and the Chief Executive Officer, covering the various forms of compensation and benefits awarded; c) presents
proposals for the remuneration of members of the Board’s internal committees; d) examines the CEO’s indications and
presents proposals for: (i) general criteria for compensation of the Managers with strategic responsibilities; (ii) annual
and long-term incentive plans, including equity-based plans; and (iii) establishing performance targets and assessing
results for performance plans in connection with the determination of the variable portion of the compensation for
Directors with delegated powers and with the implementation of incentive plans; e) monitors the execution of Board
resolutions regarding remuneration matters; f) periodically evaluates the adequacy, overall consistency and actual
(19)
The Internal Control Committee, created within the Board of Directors for the first time on February 9, 1994, changed its name to the “Control and Risk
Committee” with a Resolution dated July 31, 2012.
155
implementation of the adopted policy, as described in letter a) above, formulating proposals on the topic for the Board
of Directors; g) performs the tasks required under the Company’s procedures for handling related party transactions;
h) reports to the Board, at least once every six months and no later than the deadline for the approval of the annual
financial statements and the semi-annual financial report, on its activities at the Board Meeting indicated by the
Chairman of the Board of Directors; and i) reports through its Chairman or another Committee member designated by
the Chairman on its operational procedures to the Shareholders’ Meeting called to approve the financial statements. The
Committee is provided with the resources required to perform its duties, within the budget established by the Board, and
can avail itself, within those limits and acting through Company structures, of external advisors who are not in positions
that might compromise their independence of judgment. The Committee may access the information and Company
functions necessary to perform its duties.
During 2013, the Compensation Committee met seven times, with an attendance rate of about 93% of its members
and the main topics discussed in the first part of the year were: (i) periodical evaluation of the remuneration policy
carried out in 2012, even for the definition of the proposal guidelines of remuneration policy 2013; (ii) evaluation of the
attainment of Eni’s 2012 management objectives and definition of 2013 performance objectives for the purposes of
variable Incentive Plans; (iii) establishment of the proposals regarding the Deferred Monetary Incentive Plan for the
CEO and General Manager and for other executives; and (iv) examination of the 2013 Remuneration Report. During the
second part of the year, the Committee examined the results of the vote of the Shareholder’s Meeting on the
Remuneration Policy for 2013 and the planned guidelines for the preparation of the 2014 Remuneration Report. The
Committee also formulated the proposal concerning the fulfillment of the Long-Term Monetary Incentive Plan for the
CEO and General Manager and for critical management personnel. Furthermore, for the proposal to be presented to the
Shareholder’s Meeting for approval, the Committee evaluated the effects for Eni of the new Italian Law No. 98/2013,
regarding the reduction of remuneration for Directors with delegated power in listed companies controlled by
government entities.
The composition and appointment, as well as duties and operational rules, of the Committee are governed by rules
approved by the Board of Directors on June 1, 2011, and amended on December 15, 2011 and on October 29, 2012,
available to the public at the Company’s website.
Control and Risk Committee
Members: Alessandro Lorenzi (Chairman), Carlo Cesare Gatto, Paolo Marchioni and Francesco Taranto.
The Control and Risk Committee is entrusted with supporting, on the basis of an appropriate control process, the
Board of Directors in evaluating and making decisions concerning the internal control and risk management system and
in approving the periodic financial reports. It is entirely made up of non-executive and independent Directors20 who
possess the necessary expertise consistent with the duties they are required to perform21.
The Committee advises the Board of Directors and specifically issues its prior opinion: a) and drafts
recommendations concerning the guidelines for the internal control and risk management system so that the main risks
faced by the Company and its subsidiaries can be correctly identified and appropriately measured, managed and
monitored, and determines the degree of compatibility of such risks with the management of the Company in a manner
consistent with its stated strategic objectives; b) on the evaluation, performed at least once a year, of the adequacy of the
internal control and risk management system, taking account of the characteristics of the Company and its risk profile,
as well as its effectiveness. To this end, at least once every six months it reports to the Board of Directors, on the
occasion of the approval of the annual and semi-annual financial reports, on its activities and on the adequacy of the
internal control and risk management system at the Meeting of the Board of Directors indicated by the Chairman of the
Board of Directors; c) on the approval, at least once a year, of the Audit Plan prepared by the Senior Executive Vice
President of the Internal Audit Department; d) on the description, in the annual Corporate Governance Report, of the
main features of the internal control and risk management system, providing its evaluation of the overall adequacy of
the system itself; e) on the evaluation of the findings reported by the Audit Firm in the recommendations letter it may
issue and in the latter’s report on the main issues arising during the audit; f) on specific aspects concerning the
identification of the main risks faced by the Company, as well as on the design, implementation and management of the
internal control and risk management system; and g) on the adoption and amendment of the rules on the transparency
and the substantive and procedural fairness of transactions with related parties and those in which a Director or
Statutory Auditor holds a personal interest or an interest on behalf of a third party, while performing the additional
duties assigned it by the Board of Directors, including examining and issuing an evaluation on specific types of
transactions, except for those relating to compensation.
(20)
(21)
In accordance with the rules of the Control and Risk Committee, the Committee is made up of three to four non-executive Directors, all of whom are independent.
Alternatively, the Committee may be made up of non-executive Directors a majority of whom shall be independent. In the latter case, the Chairman of the
Committee shall be chosen from among the independent Directors. In any case, the number of members shall be fewer than the number representing a majority on
the Board.
The governance system put in place by Eni establishes that at least two members of the Committee – and not just one as recommend by the Corporate Governance
Code for listed companies – must possess adequate experience on financial and accounting matters, as assessed by the Board of Directors at the time of their
appointment.
156
In addition, the Committee, in assisting the Board of Directors: (i) evaluates, together with the officer in charge of
preparing financial reports and after having consulted the Audit Firm and the Board of Statutory Auditors, the proper
application of accounting standards and their consistency in preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements, prior to
their approval by the Board of Directors; (ii) examines and evaluates the appropriateness of the powers and resources
assigned to the officer in charge of preparing financial reports and, also for the purposes of overseeing the proper
application of accounting standards and their consistency, performs the duties assigned it under the MSG on “Eni’s
internal control system over financial reporting”, including examining the report on the internal control system for
financial reporting prepared by the officer in charge of preparing financial reports at the time of the approval of the
consolidated annual and semi-annual financial statements; and (iii) monitors the independence, adequacy, efficiency
and effectiveness of the Internal Audit Department and oversees its activities with respect to the Board of Directors’
duties in this area, ensuring that they are performed with the necessary independence and required level of objectivity,
competence and professional diligence, in accordance with the Code of Ethics of Eni SpA and international standards.
Among its other duties, the Committee examines: a) the periodic report prepared by the Senior Executive Vice
President of the Internal Audit Department containing adequate information on the activities carried out, on the manner
in which risk management is conducted and on compliance with risk containment plans, as well as the assessment of the
appropriateness of the internal control and risk management system; b) the reports prepared promptly by the Senior
Executive Vice President of the Internal Audit Department on events of particular importance; and c) the information
received from the Senior Executive Vice President of the Internal Audit Department and promptly reports its
assessment to the Board of Directors in the case of significant deficiencies in the system for preventing irregularities
and fraudulent acts, and irregularities or fraudulent acts committed by management personnel or by employees that
perform important roles in the design or operation of the internal control and risk management system.
The Committee may also ask the Internal Audit Department to perform audits of specific operational areas,
providing simultaneous notice to the Chairman of the Board of Statutory Auditors. The Committee also examines and
assesses: (i) communications and information received from the Board of Statutory Auditors and its members regarding
the internal control and risk management system, including those concerning the findings of enquiries conducted by the
Internal Audit Department in connection with reports received (whistleblowing), including anonymous reports;
(ii) periodic reports issued by Eni’s Watch Structure, including in its capacity as Guarantor of the Code of Ethics;
(iii) information on the internal control and risk management system, including that provided in the course of periodic
meetings with the competent Company structures; and (iv) enquiries and reviews concerning the internal control and
risk management system carried out by third parties.
The composition and appointment, as well as duties and operational procedures of the Committee, are governed by
rules approved by the Board of Directors on June 1, 2011 and amended on July 31, 2012, available to the public at the
Company’s website.
Nomination Committee
Members: Giuseppe Recchi (Chairman), Alessandro Lorenzi, Alessandro Profumo and Mario Resca.
On July 28, 2011, the Board of Directors of Eni established the Nomination Committee, chaired by the Chairman
of the Board of Directors. The Committee is made up of three to four Directors, a majority of whom are independent.
The Committee provides the Board of Directors with recommendations and advice. In particular, the Committee:
(a) assists the Board of Directors in formulating the criteria for the appointment of persons indicated in following letter
and of members of the other boards and bodies of Eni’s subsidiaries and associated companies; (b) provides evaluations
to the Board of Directors on the appointment of executives and members of the boards and bodies of the Company and
of its subsidiaries, proposed by the Chief Executive Officer, whose appointment fall under the Boards’ responsibility
and oversees the associated succession plans. Where possible and appropriate, in relation with the shareholders’
structure, the Committee proposes to the Board of Directors the succession plan concerning the Chief Executive
Officer; (c) acting upon proposal of the Chief Executive Officer, examines and evaluates criteria governing the
succession plan for the Company’s key management personnel; (d) proposes candidates to serve as Directors on the
Board of Directors in the event one or more positions need to be filled during the course of the financial year (Article
2386, first paragraph, of the Italian Civil Code), ensuring compliance with the requirements on the minimum number of
independent Directors and of the percentage reserved for the less represented gender; (e) proposes to the Board of
Directors candidates for the position of Director to be submitted to the Shareholders’ Meeting of the Company, taking
account of any recommendation received from shareholders, in the event it is not possible to draw the required number
of Directors from the slates presented by shareholders; (f) oversees the annual self-assessment program on the
performance of the Board of Directors and its Committees, in compliance with the Corporate Governance Code, and on
the basis of the results of the self-assessment, provides its opinions to the Board of Directors regarding the size and
composition of the Board or its Committees, as well as the skills and professional qualifications it feels should be
represented on the same, so that the Board itself can give its opinion to the shareholders prior to the appointment of the
new Board; (g) proposes to the Board of Directors the slate of candidates for the position of Director, to be submitted to
the Shareholders’ Meeting if the Board decides to opt for the process envisaged in Article 17.3 of the By-laws; (h) in
compliance with the Corporate Governance Code, proposes to the Board of Directors guidelines regarding the
157
maximum number of positions of Director or statutory auditor that a Company Director may hold and performs the
associated periodic checks and evaluations to be submitted to the Board; (i) periodically verifies that the Directors
satisfy the independence and integrity requirements and ascertains the absence of circumstances that would render them
incompatible or ineligible; (j) provides its opinion to the Board of Directors on any activities carried out by the
Directors in competition with the Company; and (k) reports to the Board of Directors, at least once every six months
and not later than the deadline for the approval of the annual financial statements and of the semi-annual Financial
Report, on the activity carried out, as well as on the adequacy of the appointment system, at the Board Meeting
indicated by the Chairman of the Board of Directors.
The composition, appointment, duties and operational procedures of the Nomination Committee are governed by
rules approved by the Board of Directors on September 29, 2011 and amended on October 29, 2012, available to the
public at the Company’s website.
Board of Statutory Auditors
The current Board of Statutory Auditors was appointed by the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting of May 5, 2011 for
a term of three financial years. The Board’s term will therefore expire with the Shareholders’ Meeting called to approve
the financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2013. On September 5, 2013, in accordance with the Italian
specific regulations of 2012, Roberto Ferranti resigned from Eni’s Board of Statutory Auditors due to the
incompatibility with the position taken in the Board of Directors of Cassa Depositi e Prestiti SpA and has been replaced
by Francesco Bilotti, Alternate Auditor drawn from the list of candidates presented by the Shareholder Ministry of the
Economy and Finance.
Name
Ugo Marinelli
Roberto Ferranti (*)
Francesco Bilotti (**)
Paolo Fumagalli
Renato Righetti
Giorgio Silva
Maurizio Lauri
___________________
Auditor until September 5, 2013.
(*)
(**) As of September 5, 2013. Alternate Auditor since 2005.
Position
Chairman
Auditor
Auditor
Auditor
Auditor
Auditor
Alternate Auditor
Year first appointed to Board
of Statutory Auditors
2008
2008
2013
2011
2011
2005
2011
Roberto Ferranti, Paolo Fumagalli, Renato Righetti and Francesco Bilotti were candidates in the list presented by
the Ministry of the Economy and Finance; Ugo Marinelli, Giorgio Silva and Maurizio Lauri were candidates in the list
presented by non-controlling shareholders (institutional investors).
The Auditors are appointed by means of a slate voting system: the lists are presented by shareholders representing
at least 0.5% of the share capital. Two standing Statutory Auditors and one Alternate Auditor are selected from among
the candidates of the non-controlling shareholders. The Chairman of the Board of Statutory Auditors is appointed by the
Shareholders’ Meeting from among the Auditors elected by the non-controlling shareholders.
The Auditors must satisfy the independence, professional and integrity requirements established by Italian
regulations. Article 28 of the By-laws specifies that the professionalism requirements may be fulfilled by having at least
three years in: (i) professional or teaching activities pertaining to commercial law, business economics and corporate
finance, or (ii) experience in executive positions in the fields of engineering and geology. U.S. Regulations for Audit
Committees require that at least one member of the Board of Statutory Auditors shall be a financial expert and have
adequate knowledge of the functions of the Audit Committee and experience in the analysis and application of generally
accepted accounting standards, preparation and auditing of financial statements and internal control processes.
Pursuant to the Consolidated Law on Financial Intermediation, the Board of Statutory Auditors monitors:
(i) compliance with the law and the Company’s By-laws; (ii) observance of the principles of sound administration;
(iii) the appropriateness of the Company’s organizational structure for matters within the scope of the Board’s
Authority, the adequacy of the internal control system and the administrative and accounting system and the reliability
of the latter in accurately representing the Company’s transactions; (iv) the procedures for implementing the corporate
governance rules provided for in the Corporate Governance Code, which the Company has adopted; and (v) the
adequacy of the instructions imparted by the Company to its subsidiaries, in order to guarantee full compliance with
legal reporting requirements.
158
In addition, pursuant to Article 19 of Legislative Decree No. 39/2010, in its role as the “internal control and
financial auditing committee” the Board of Statutory Auditors oversees the following: a) the financial reporting process;
b) the efficacy of internal control, internal audit (where applicable) and risk management systems; c) the auditing of the
annual financial statements and consolidated financial statements; and d) the independence of the external auditor or the
Audit Firm, in particular with regard to the provision of non-audit services to the entity subject to financial auditing.
The responsibilities assigned under the Legislative Decree No. 39/2010 to the “internal control and financial
auditing committee” are consistent and substantively in line with the duties already assigned to the Board of Statutory
Auditors of Eni, with specific consideration of its role as Audit Committee pursuant to the “U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act”
(discussed in greater detail below).
As already set forth in the Consolidated Law on Financial Intermediation and currently regulated by Article 13 of
Legislative Decree No. 39/2010, the Board of Statutory Auditors submits a reasoned opinion to the Shareholders’
Meeting on the selection of the external auditors and the determination of the associated fees.
Furthermore, pursuant to Article 19, paragraph 1, letters c) and d) of Legislative Decree No. 39/2010, the Board of
Statutory Auditors supervises the auditing activities and the independence of the Audit Firm, verifying compliance with
all applicable regulations, as well as the nature and scale of any services other than financial auditing services provided
to the Eni Group, either directly or through companies belonging to its network. In accordance with Article 153 of the
Consolidated Law on Finance, the Board of Statutory Auditors presents the results of its supervisory activity in a report.
This report is made available in its entirety to the public within the time limits applicable to the financial statements. On
March 22, 2005, the Board of Directors, electing the exemption granted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission applicable to foreign issuers listed on the regulated U.S. markets, designated the Board of Statutory
Auditors as the body that, as of June 1, 2005, would perform, to the extent permitted under Italian regulations, the
functions attributed to the Audit Committee of foreign issuers by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and U.S. SEC rules. On June
15, 2005, the Board of Statutory Auditors approved the internal rules concerning its performance of the duties assigned
to it under that U.S. legislation, the text of which is available on Eni’s website. The key functions performed by the
Board of Statutory Auditors acting as an audit committee as provided for by U.S. SEC rules are as follows:
•
•
evaluating the offers submitted by external auditors for their engagement and providing a reasoned
recommendation to the Shareholders’ Meeting concerning the engagement or removal of the external auditor;
overseeing the work of the external auditor engaged to audit the account or performing other audit, review or
certification services;
• making recommendations to the Board of Directors on the resolution of disagreements between management
•
•
•
•
•
•
and the auditor regarding financial reporting;
approving the procedures for: a) the receipt, retention, and treatment of complaints received by the Company
regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters; and b) the confidential, anonymous
submission by employees of the Company of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters;
approving the procedures for the pre-approval of specifically identified admissible non-audit services and
examining the disclosures on the execution of the authorized services;
evaluating requests to use the external auditor firm engaged to perform audit services for admissible non-audit
services and providing its opinion to the Board of Directors;
examining the periodical reports from the external auditor relating to: a) all critical accounting policies and
practices to be used; b) all alternative treatments of financial information within generally accepted
accounting principles that have been discussed with management officials of the Company, ramifications of
the use of such alternative disclosures and treatments, and the treatment preferred by the external auditor; and
c) other material written communication between the external auditor and management;
examining reports from the CEO and the CFO concerning any significant deficiency in the design or
operation of internal controls which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record,
process, summarize and report financial information and any material weakness in internal controls; and
examining reports from the CEO and the CFO concerning any fraud that involves management or other
employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls.
The Board of Statutory Auditors, in the execution of its functions, is supported by Company’s departments, in
particular the Internal Audit Department and the Administrative and Financial Statement Department.
Eni Watch Structure and Model 231
In accordance with the Italian regulations concerning the “administrative liability of legal entities deriving from
criminal offences”, contained in Legislative Decree No. 231 of June 8, 2001 (henceforth, “Legislative Decree
No. 231/2001”), legal entities, including corporations, may be held liable – and consequently fined or subject to
prohibitions – in relation to certain crimes attempted or committed in Italy or abroad in the interest or for the benefit of
the Company by individuals in high-ranking positions and/or persons managed or supervised by an individual in an
high-ranking position. The companies may, in any case, adopt organizational, management and control models designed
to prevent these crimes. With respect to this issue, Eni SpA’s Board of Directors – in its meetings of December 15,
2003 and January 28, 2004 – approved an organizational, management and control model pursuant to Legislative
159
Decree No. 231 of 2001 (Model 231) and created the Watch Structure. Moreover, as a result of changes in the Italian
legislation governing the matter and of the Company’s organizational structures, on March 14, 2008, the Board of
Director updated Model 231 and adopted Eni’s Code of Ethics – replacing the previous version of the Eni Code of
Conduct of 1998 – which represents a clear definition of the value system that Eni recognizes, accepts and upholds and
the responsibilities that Eni assumes internally and externally in order to ensure that all business activities are conducted
in compliance with laws, in a context of fair competition, with honesty, integrity, correctness and in good faith,
respecting the legitimate interests of all stakeholders with which Eni relates on an ongoing basis. These include
shareholders, employees, suppliers, customers, commercial and financial partners, and the local communities and
institutions of the countries where Eni operates. The synergies between the Code of Ethics – an integral part and
essential general principle of Model 231 – and Model 231 are highlighted by the assignment, to the Eni Watch
Structure, of the function of Guarantor of the Code of Ethics. In the second half of the 2013, following updates to the
special section of the Model 231 report (Sensitive activities and specific control standards) in compliance with the new
anti-bribery regulations, Eni’s Watch Structure agreed on the advisability of starting the project for updating the
General Part of the Model 231. The composition of the Eni Watch Structure, initially composed of only three members,
was modified in 2007 with the inclusion of two external members, one of whom was appointed as Chairman of the Eni
Watch Structure selected among academics and professionals of proven authority and expertise in economic and
business management issues. The internal members are the Senior Executive Vice President Legal Affairs, Executive
Vice President Human Resources and Organization and Senior Executive Vice President Internal Audit of the
Company. On May 19, 2011, the Board of Directors, with the favorable opinion of the Board of Statutory Auditors,
appointed the current members of the Watch Structure.
Audit Firm
The auditing of the Company’s accounts is entrusted, in accordance with the law, to an independent Audit Firm
appointed by the Shareholders’ Meeting on the basis of a reasoned recommendation of the Board of Statutory Auditors.
In addition to the obligations set forth in national auditing regulations, Eni’s listing on the New York Stock
Exchange requires that the Audit Firm issue a report on the Annual Report on Form 20-F, in compliance with the
auditing principles generally accepted in the United States. Moreover, the Audit Firm is required to issue an opinion on
the efficacy of the internal control system applied to financial reporting.
For the most part, the subsidiaries’ financial statements are subject to auditing by Eni’s Audit Firm. Moreover,
Eni’s Audit Firm, for the purpose of issuing an opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements, assumes
responsibility for the auditing activities performed by other audit firms with respect to subsidiaries’ financial
statements, which, taken together, account for an immaterial share of consolidated assets and revenues.
Acting on the Board of Statutory Auditors’ reasoned proposal, the Shareholders’ Meeting of April 29, 2010
appointed Reconta Ernst & Young SpA for the financial years 2010-2018.
Court of Auditors (Corte dei conti)
The financial management of Eni is subject to the control of the Court of Auditors in order to preserve the integrity
of the public finances. This work is performed by the Magistrate of the Court of Auditors, Raffaele Squitieri, on the
basis of the resolution approved on October 28, 2009 by the Presidential Council of the Court of Auditors. The
Magistrate of the Court attends the meetings of the Board of Directors, of the Board of Statutory Auditors and of the
Control and Risk Committee.
160
Employees
As of December 31, 2013, Eni had a total of 83,887 employees, an increase of 4,482 employees, or up 5.6% from
December 31, 2012, which reflects an increase of 4,501 employees working outside Italy and a decrease of 19
employees hired in Italy.
2011
2012 (1)
2013
(units)
Exploration & Production .................................................................................................
Gas & Power (2) ..................................................................................................................
Refining & Marketing .......................................................................................................
Chemicals ...........................................................................................................................
Engineering & Construction ..............................................................................................
Other activities ...................................................................................................................
Corporate and financial companies ...................................................................................
4,795
7,591
5,804
10,425 11,304 12,352
4,616
4,836
8,438
8,608
5,708
5,668
38,561 43,387 47,209
818
4,746
871
4,731
880
4,518
___________________
(1)
(2)
The numbers for 2012 have been restated following the adoption of IFRS 11.
Following the deconsolidation of Snam in 2012, employees of the Gas & Power business segment include Marketing and International transport activities. Prior
year data have been restated.
72,574 79,405 83,887
161
The table below sets forth Eni’s employees as of December 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013 in Italy and outside Italy:
Exploration & Production
Gas & Power (2)
2011
2012 (1)
2013
Italy ......................................................
Outside Italy ........................................
3,797
6,628
(units)
3,933
7,371
4,133
8,219
10,425 11,304 12,352
Italy ......................................................
Outside Italy ........................................
2,310
2,485
2,126
2,710
2,178
2,438
4,795
4,836
4,616
Refining & Marketing
Italy ......................................................
Outside Italy ........................................
5,790
1,801
6,098
2,510
5,909
2,529
7,591
8,608
8,438
Chemicals
Italy ......................................................
Outside Italy ........................................
4,750
1,054
4,606
1,062
4,615
1,093
5,804
5,668
5,708
Engineering & Construction
Italy ......................................................
5,136
Outside Italy ........................................ 33,364 38,201 42,073
5,197
5,186
Other activities
Italy ......................................................
Outside Italy ........................................
880
-
880
871
-
871
818
-
818
Corporate and financial companies
Italy ......................................................
Outside Italy ........................................
4,334
184
4,577
154
4,589
157
38,561 43,387 47,209
Total
4,518
4,731
4,746
Italy ...................................................... 27,058 27,397 27,378
Outside Italy ........................................ 45,516 52,008 56,509
72,574 79,405 83,887
of which senior managers
..............................................................
1,468
1,504
1,505
___________________
(1)
(2)
The numbers for 2012 have been restated following the adoption of IFRS 11.
Following the deconsolidation of Snam in 2012, employees of the Gas & Power business segment include Marketing and International transport activities. Prior
year data have been restated.
162
Share ownership
As of February 28, 2014, the cumulative number of shares owned by Eni’s directors, statutory auditors and senior
managers, including the two Chief Operating Officers, was 299,772 less than 0.1% of Eni’s share capital outstanding as
of the same data. Eni issues only ordinary shares, each bearing one-vote right; therefore shares held by those persons
have no different voting rights. The breakdown of share ownership for each of those persons is provided below.
Name
Position
Chairman ...................................................................................
CEO and COO of Eni ................................................................
Director ......................................................................................
Director ......................................................................................
Director ......................................................................................
Director ......................................................................................
Director ......................................................................................
Board of Directors
Giuseppe Recchi
Paolo Scaroni
Carlo Cesare Gatto
Paolo Marchioni
Alessandro Profumo
Mario Resca
Francesco Taranto
Chief Executive Officers
Claudio Descalzi
Angelo Fanelli
Board of
Statutory Auditors .................................................................................................................
Senior managers .....................................................................................................................
Chief Operating Officer of the E&P Division ........................
Chief Operating Officer of the R&M Division .......................
Number of
shares owned
Options
granted
46,300
91,250
6,800
1,500
3,900
500
39,455
30,800
7,454
71,813
348,975
4,675
47,025
27,500
296,450
163
Item 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Major Shareholders
The Ministry of Economy and Finance controls Eni as a result of shares held directly and indirectly through Cassa
Depositi e Prestiti SpA (CDP), in which the Ministry of Economy and Finance holds a 80.10% stake.
As of March 28, 2014, the total amount of Eni SpA’s voting securities owned by these shareholders was:
Title of class
Number of shares owned
Percent of class
Ministry of Economy and Finance ......................................................
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti SpA ..............................................................
157,552,137
936,179,478
4.34
25.76
The following table shows the percentage of Eni’s share capital owned directly or indirectly by subjects that as of
March 28, 2014, have notified that their holding exceeds the threshold of 2% pursuant to Article 120 of Italian
Consolidated Law on Financial Intermediation and to Consob Resolution No. 11971/99 (Consob Regulations on
Issuers).
Title of class
Percent of class
People’s Bank of China ................................................................................................................
2.102
The Ministry of Economy and Finance, in agreement with the Ministry of Economic Development, pursuant to
Article 6.2 of the By-laws and to the special rules set out in Law No. 474/1994, retains certain special powers over Eni.
See “Item 10 – Additional information – Limitations on changes in control of the Company (Special Powers of the
Italian State)”. As of March 28, 2014, there were 33,707,883 ADRs outstanding, each representing two Eni ordinary
shares, corresponding to approximately 1.9% of Eni’s share capital. See “Item 9 – The offer and the listing”.
Related party transactions
In the ordinary course of its business, Eni enters into transactions concerning the exchange of goods, provision of
services and financing with non-consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates as well as other companies owned or controlled
by the Italian Government. All such transactions are conducted on an arm’s length basis and in the interest of Eni
companies.
Amounts and types of trade and financial transactions with related parties and their impact on consolidated
earnings and cash flow, and on the Group’s assets and financial condition are reported in “Item 18 – note 43 of the
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”.
164
Item 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Consolidated Statements and other financial information
See “Item 18 – Financial Statements”.
Legal proceedings
Eni is a party to a number of civil actions and administrative arbitral and other judicial proceedings arising in the
ordinary course of business. Based on information available to date, and taking into account the existing risk provisions,
Eni believes that the foregoing will not have an adverse effect on Eni’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
For a description of legal proceedings in which Eni is involved and which may affect Eni’s financial position and
results of operations see “Item 18 – note 34 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”.
Saipem proceedings with the Consob and the restatement of its 2012 financial statements
On July 19, 2013, Consob communicated to Saipem the commencement of a proceeding to review potential issues
of non-compliance in Saipem’s 2012 Separate and Consolidated Financial Statements with the accounting standard IAS
11 (Construction contracts). In its 2013 Annual Report, in accordance with IAS 8, paragraph 42, Saipem restated the
2012 comparative financial data to recognize a ! 245 million reduction of net profit due to a corresponding reduction of
revenue relating to certain contracts that were in progress at December 31, 2012, the accounting of which as initially
made by Saipem in 2013 was questioned by Consob; as a result, Consob informed Saipem of its decision to conclude
the proceeding.
Eni’s Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ending December 31, 2013 and 2012 do not reflect the
restatement made by Saipem since the error is not material to Eni’s Consolidated Financial Statements; therefore, the
Eni’s 2013 consolidated results include the ! 245 million reduction of revenue and net profit, which were recognized by
Saipem in the 2012 restated comparative financial data.
Dividends
Eni’s future dividend policy, as well as the sustainability of the current amount of dividends to be distributed over
the next four years, will depend upon a number of factors including future levels of profitability and cash flow provided
by operating activities, a sound balance sheet structure, capital expenditures and development plans, in light of the
“Risk factors” set out in Item 3. The parent company’s net profit and, therefore, the amounts of earnings available for
the payment of dividends will also depend on the level of dividends received from Eni’s subsidiaries. However, given
the Company’s changed business profile which entails both more growth options and more volatile results, as well as
and improved balance sheet, management plans to implement a progressive dividend policy which contemplates an
increasing dividend at a rate which is expected to be set taking into account Eni’s underlying earnings and cash flow
growth as well as capital expenditure requirements and the targeted financial structure. Management will also evaluate
the achievement of the targeted production levels in the Exploration & Production segment, the status of renegotiations
at gas long-term supply contracts in the Gas & Power segment and the delivery on efficiency gains in the downstream
businesses. This dividend policy is based on management’s planning assumptions for oil prices at 104 $/BBL in 2014
which will gradually decline to our long-term case of 90 $/BBL in 2017 period.
At the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting scheduled on May 8, 2014, management intend to propose the distribution of
a dividend of ! 1.10 per share for fiscal year 2013, of which ! 0.55 was already paid as interim dividend in September
2013. Total cash outlay for the 2013 dividend is expected at approximately ! 3.95 billion (including ! 1.99 billion
already paid in September 2013) if the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting approves the annual dividend. In future years,
management expects to continue paying interim dividends for each fiscal year, with the balance to the full-year
dividend to be paid in each following year. For further information about the Company’s dividend policy see “Item 5 –
Management’s expectations of operations”.
165
Significant changes
See “Item 5 – Recent developments” for a discussion of significant events occurred after 2013 year end up to the
latest practicable date.
166
Item 9. THE OFFER AND THE LISTING
Offer and listing details
The principal trading market for the ordinary shares of Eni SpA (Eni), without indication of par value (the
“Shares”), is the Mercato Telematico Azionario (Electronic Share Market or “MTA”). MTA, which is the principal
trading market for shares in Italy, is a regulated market organized and managed by Borsa Italiana SpA (Borsa Italiana).
Eni’s American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), each representing two Shares, are listed on the New York Stock
Exchange.
The table below sets forth the reported high and low reference prices of Shares on MTA and of ADRs on the New
York Stock Exchange, respectively. See “Item 3 – Key information – Exchange rates” regarding applicable exchange
rates during the periods indicated below.
MTA
New York
Stock Exchange
High
Low
High
Low
((cid:1) per share)
(US$ per ADR)
Year ended December 31,
2009 ......................................................................................................................... 18.350 12.300 54.450 31.070
2010 ......................................................................................................................... 18.560 14.610 53.890 35.370
2011 ......................................................................................................................... 18.420 12.170 53.740 32.980
2012 ......................................................................................................................... 18.700 15.250 49.440 36.850
2013 ......................................................................................................................... 19.480 15.290 52.120 40.390
2012
First quarter ............................................................................................................. 18.670 16.200 49.440 41.420
Second quarter ......................................................................................................... 17.570 15.340 46.960 37.920
Third quarter ............................................................................................................ 18.700 15.250 48.970 36.850
Fourth quarter .......................................................................................................... 18.540 17.020 49.220 43.890
2013
First quarter ............................................................................................................. 19.480 17.010 52.120 44.360
Second quarter ......................................................................................................... 18.980 15.290 48.960 40.390
Third quarter ............................................................................................................ 17.950 15.710 48.500 40.660
Fourth quarter .......................................................................................................... 18.650 16.300 50.800 44.920
2014
First quarter (to March 28, 2014) ........................................................................... 18.180 16.250 50.000 43.790
Month of
October 2013 ........................................................................................................... 18.650 17.100 50.800 45.400
November 2013 ....................................................................................................... 18.490 17.710 50.800 43.790
December 2013 ....................................................................................................... 17.570 16.300 48.580 44.920
January 2014 ........................................................................................................... 17.660 16.730 48.300 45.400
February 2014 ......................................................................................................... 17.480 16.250 48.040 43.790
March 2014 (through March 28, 2014) ................................................................. 18.180 17.120 50.000 47.000
Until January 17, 2012, JPMorgan Chase Bank NA functioned as depositary banking issuing ADRs pursuant to a
deposit agreement among Eni, the depositary bank and the beneficial owners and registered holders from time to time of
the ADRs issued hereunder.
Effective January 18, 2012, the Bank of New York Mellon (the “Depositary”) functions as depositary bank issuing
ADRs pursuant to a deposit agreement (the “Deposit Agreement”) among Eni, the Depositary and the beneficial owners
(“Beneficial Owners”) and registered holders from time to time of the ADRs issued hereunder.
As of March 28, 2014, there were 33,707,883 ADRs outstanding, representing 67,415,766 ordinary shares or
approximately 2% of all Eni’s shares outstanding, held by 115 holders of record (including the Depository Trust
Company) in the United States, 113 of which are U.S. residents. Since certain of such ADRs are held by nominees, the
number of holders may not be representative of the number of Beneficial Owners in the United States or elsewhere.
The Shares are included in the FTSE MIB Index (the “FTSE MIB”), the primary benchmark index for the Italian
stock market. Capturing approximately 80% of the domestic market capitalization, the FTSE MIB measures the
167
performance of 40 highly liquid, leading companies across leading industries listed on MTA and the Investment
Vehicles Market (MIV) and seeks to replicate the broad sector weights of the Italian stock market. The constituents of
the FTSE MIB are selected based on market capitalization of free-float shares and liquidity. The FTSE MIB is market
cap-weighted after adjusting constituents for float. Since June 1, 2009, the FTSE MIB (previously S&P/MIB Index) is
the principal indicator used to track the performance of the Italian stock market and is the basis for future and option
contracts traded on the Italian Derivatives Market (IDEM) managed by Borsa Italiana. The Shares are the first largest
component of the FTSE MIB, with a weighting of approximately 15%, as established by FTSE after the quarterly
rebalancing for FTSE MIB effective March 24, 2014.
Trading in the MTA is allowed in any quantity of the Shares, as well as other financial instruments. Where
necessary, Borsa Italiana may specify a minimum lot for each financial instrument. Since March 28, 2000, a three-day
rolling cash settlement has been applied to all trades of equity securities in Italy. On February 6, 2014, Borsa Italiana
announced that beginning from October 6, 2014, a two-day rolling cash settlement will be applied to all trades of equity
securities in Italy. In addition, futures and options contracts on the Shares are traded on IDEM and securitized
derivatives based on the Shares are traded on the Italian Securitized Derivatives Market (SeDeX). IDEM facilitates the
trading of futures and options contracts on index and shares issued by companies that meet certain required
capitalization and liquidity thresholds. SeDeX is the Borsa Italiana electronic regulated market where it is possible to
trade securitized derivatives (for instance, covered warrants and certificates).
Borsa Italiana disseminates daily market data and news for each listed security, including volume traded and high
and low prices. At the end of each trading day an “official price”, calculated as the weighted average price of the total
volume of each security traded in the market during the session without taking into account the contracts concluded
with cross trades and block trades, and a “reference price”, calculated as the closing auction price, are reported by Borsa
Italiana. For the purposes of the automatic control of the regularity of trading on MTA, the following price variation
limits shall apply to contracts concluded on shares making up the FTSE MIB, effective July 1, 2013: (i) ± 5.0% (or such
other amount established by Borsa Italiana in the “Guide to the Parameters” for trading on the regulated markets
organized and managed by Borsa Italiana) with respect to the static price (the static price shall be the previous day’s
reference price, in the opening auction, or the auction price, in the continuous trading phase); and (ii) ± 3.5% (or such
other amount established by Borsa Italiana in the “Guide to the Parameters”) with respect to the dynamic price (the
price of the last contract concluded during the continuous trading phase). Where the price of a contract that is being
concluded exceeds one of the price variation limits referred to above, trading in that security will be automatically
suspended and a volatility auction phase begun for a certain period of time.
Markets
The Consob is the public authority responsible for regulating and supervising the Italian securities markets to
ensure the transparency and regularity of the dealings and protect the investing public. Borsa Italiana, which is part of
London Stock Exchange Group, following the merger effective October 1, 2007, is a joint stock company authorized by
Consob to operate, inter alia, regulated markets in Italy; it is responsible for the organization and management of the
Italian stock exchange. One of the fundamental characteristics of the financial market organization in Italy is the
separation of responsibility for supervision (Consob and the Bank of Italy) from that of market management (Borsa
Italiana). Main responsibilities of Borsa Italiana are the admission, exclusion and suspension of financial instruments
and intermediaries to and from trading and the surveillance of the markets.
According to Consob regulations, Borsa Italiana has issued rules governing the organization and management of
the Italian Regulated Markets it is responsible for, which are MTA (shares, convertible bonds, pre-emptive rights,
warrants and Funds), ETFplus (Exchange Traded Funds and Exchange Traded Commodities market), IDEM (index and
stock derivatives market), SeDeX (covered warrants and certificates), MOT (bond market) and MIV (market for
investment vehicles), as well as the admission to listing on and trading on these markets.
According to EU Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (No. 2004/39/EC) (MiFID) and Consob regulations,
orders can be routed not only to Regulated Markets but also to either Multilateral Trading Facilities (MTFs) or
Systematic Internalisers. A MTF is a multilateral system, operated by an investment firm or a market operator, which
brings together multiple third-party buying and selling interests in financial instruments – in the system and in
accordance with non-discretionary rules – in a way that results in a contract. A Systematic Internaliser is an investment
firm or a bank which deals on own account by executing client orders outside a Regulated Market or a MTF. Outside
Regulated Markets, block trading is also permitted for orders that meet certain minimum size requirements and must be
notified to Consob and Borsa Italiana.
According to Legislative Decree No. 58 of February 24, 1998 (“Decree No. 58”, the Consolidated Law on
Financial Intermediation), the provision of investment services and activities to the public on a professional basis is
reserved to banks and investment firms (“authorized persons”). The Bank of Italy and Consob shall exercise supervisory
168
powers over authorized persons. They shall each supervise the observance of regulatory and legislative provisions
according to their respective responsibilities. In particular, in connection with the pursuance of the safeguarding of faith
in the financial system, the protection of investors, the stability and correct operation of the financial system, the
competitiveness of the financial system and the observance of financial provisions, the Bank of Italy shall be
responsible for risk containment, asset stability and the sound and prudent management of intermediaries whilst Consob
shall be responsible for the transparency and correctness of conduct.
The Bank of Italy, in agreement with Consob, also regulates the operation of the clearing and settlement service for
transactions involving financial instruments. The regulations and measures of general application adopted by Consob
and the Bank of Italy are available on the website of Consob (www.consob.it) or Bank of Italy (www.bancaditalia.it).
The regulations adopted by Borsa Italiana are available on its website (www.borsaitaliana.it).
169
Item 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Memorandum and Articles of Association
Register office
“Eni SpA” is the company resulting from the privatization of Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi, a public agency,
established by Law No. 136 of February 10, 1953 and it is registered in the Rome Companies Register, with
identification number (and tax number) 00484960588, and VAT number 00905811006. The Company’s registered
office is in Rome, Italy, and the Company has two branch offices in San Donato Milanese (Milan).
The full text of Eni’s By-laws is attached as an exhibit to this Annual Report (last amended on February 14, 2013).
See “Exhibit 1”.
Company objects and purpose
In accordance with Article 4 of Eni’s By-laws, the Company purpose includes the direct and/or indirect exercise,
through equity holdings in companies or other entities of: activities in the field of hydrocarbons and natural gases, in
compliance with the terms of concessions provided for by law; activities in the field of chemicals, nuclear fuels,
geothermal energy, renewable energy sources and energy in general, in the design and construction of industrial plants
in the mining industry, in the metallurgy industry, in the textile machinery industry, in the water sector, including water
diversion, potabilization, purification, distribution and reuse; in the environmental protection sector and in the treatment
and disposal of waste, as well as any other economic activity that is instrumental, ancillary or complementary to the
afore mentioned activities. The Company performs and manages the technical and financial coordination of subsidiaries
and associated companies and provides financial assistance to them. Moreover, the Company may acquire equity
holdings and interests in other companies or enterprises with corporate purposes that are similar, related or
complementary to its own or those of companies in which it has equity holdings, either in Italy or abroad, and it may
provide secured and/or unsecured guarantees for its own and others’ obligations, including, in particular, sureties.
Directors’ issues
The Eni’s Board of Directors is invested with the fullest powers for the ordinary and extraordinary management of
the Company and, in particular, the Board has the power to perform all acts it deems advisable for the implementation
and achievement of the corporate purpose, with the sole exception of acts that the law or Eni’s By-laws reserve to the
Shareholders’ Meeting.
If the Shareholders’ Meeting has not appointed a Chairman of the Board, the Board shall elect one from among its
members.
The Board of Directors appoints a Chief Executive Officer and delegates to him all necessary powers for the
management of the Company, with the exception of those powers that cannot be delegated in accordance with current
legislation and those retained exclusively by the Board of Directors on matters regarding major strategic, operational
and organizational decisions.
According to Eni’s By-laws, the Board of Directors may delegate powers to the Chairman to identify and promote
integrated projects and international agreements of strategic importance.
The Board of Directors may at any time revoke the powers delegated, proceeding, in the case of revocation of the
powers delegated to the Chief Executive Officer, to appoint another Chief Executive Officer at the same time.
The Board of Directors, acting upon a proposal of the Chairman and in agreement with the Chief Executive
Officer, may confer powers for individual acts or categories of acts on other members of the Board of Directors.
In accordance with Eni’s By-laws, for a Board meeting to be valid, a majority of serving Directors with voting
rights must be present. Resolutions shall be approved by a majority of the votes of the Directors with voting rights
present; in the event of a tie, the person who chairs the meeting shall have a casting vote.
Interests in Company’s transactions
As provided by the Italian Civil Code, when a Director retains a personal interest or an interest on behalf of third
parties in Company transactions, he shall disclose it to the Board of Directors and to the Board of Statutory Auditors,
specifying the nature, terms, origin and extent of such interest. Based on this provision and in compliance with the
Consob regulation on transactions with related parties (the “Consob Regulation”), the Board of Directors – on
170
November 18, 2010 – unanimously approved the Management System Guidelines “Transactions involving interests of
directors and statutory auditors and transactions with related parties”22, which has been in effect from January 1, 201123
to ensure the transparency and substantial and procedural fairness of transactions with related parties and with parties
that are of interest to Eni’s Directors and Statutory Auditors, carried out by Eni itself or its subsidiaries. This MSG and
the subsequent amendments received the preliminary favorable opinion, expressed unanimously, of the Control and
Risk Committee, composed entirely of independent Directors as per the requirements set out in the Corporate
Governance Code, which Eni has adopted, and in accordance with the Consob Regulation. The MSG sets out
monitoring and evaluation requirements for the preliminary phase and for carrying out a transaction with a party in
which a Director or Statutory Auditor has an interest. In this regard, both in the preliminary and deliberation phase, a
thorough, documented examination of the reasons for the transaction, highlighting the Company’s interest in carrying it
out and the soundness and fairness of the underlying terms, is required. Directors involved in matters subject to Board
resolution normally shall not participate in the relevant discussion and decision and must leave the room during these
procedures. If the person involved is the Chief Executive Officer and the transaction falls under his duties, he shall in
any case abstain from taking part in the transaction and shall entrust the matter to the Board of Directors (as provided by
Article 2391 of the Italian Civil Code). In any case, if the transaction is the responsibility of the Board of Directors of
Eni, a non-binding opinion from the Control and Risk Committee is required.
Moreover, to ensure compliance with the investigation and resolution procedures envisaged by the above
mentioned MSG, Directors and Statutory Auditors issue a declaration, every six months and/or when there is any
change, in which they explain their potential interests related to Eni and its subsidiaries, and in any case they inform the
CEO (or the Chairman, in the case the CEO holds an interest) about individual transactions that Eni intends to carry out
in which they have an interest; the CEO (or Chairman) will then inform the other Directors and the Board of Statutory
Auditors.
Compensation
Directors’ compensation shall be determined by the Shareholders’ Meeting, as required by Italian law, while the
compensation of Directors assigned particular duties in accordance with the By-laws (such as the Board Chairman and
the CEO), or that participate in Board Committees, shall be determined by the Board of Directors, upon the proposal of
the Compensation Committee, after consultation with the Board of Statutory Auditors (for more details about the
compensation policy in 2012, see “Item 6 – Compensation”).
Borrowing powers
The power to borrow is included in the Company purpose. Moreover, in accordance with Article 11 of the
By-laws, the Company may issue bonds, including convertibles bonds and warrants, in compliance with the law.
Retirement and shareholdings
There are no provisions in the By-laws relating to either retirement based on age-limit requirements and the
number of shares required for a Director to qualify.
Company’s shares
In accordance with Article 5 of the By-laws, the Company’s share capital amounts to ! 4,005,358,876.00, fully
paid, and is represented by 3,634,185,330 ordinary registered shares without indication of par value. As required by the
Italian law on the dematerialization of financial instruments, Eni’s shares (the “Shares”) must be held with “Monte
Titoli SpA” (the Italian Central Securities Depository) and their beneficial owners may exercise their rights through
special deposit accounts opened with intermediaries, such as banks, brokers and securities dealers.
Shares are indivisible and each share is entitled to one vote. Shareholders are allowed to vote at ordinary and
extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting, including by proxy or by mail or, if envisaged in the notice calling the Meeting,
by electronic means.
Moreover, in accordance with Article 9 of the By-laws, the Shareholders’ Meeting may resolve to increase the
Company share capital by issuing shares, including shares of different classes, to be granted for no consideration to Eni
employees, pursuant to Article 2349 of the Italian Civil Code. This power has not been exercised.
(22)
(23)
The Board of Directors modified this Management System Guideline on January 19, 2012.
This MSG replaced the previous regulation issued by the Board of Directors on the matter on February 12, 2009. The new provisions regarding information to be
provided to the public, under both the Consob Regulation and the MSG, are applicable from December 1, 2010.
171
In 1995, Eni established a sponsored American Depositary Receipts program directed at U.S. investors.
Each Eni ADR is equal to two Eni ordinary shares; Eni ADRs are listed on the NYSE.
Dividend rights
Shareholders have the right to participate in profits and any other rights as provided by the law and subject to any
applicable legal limitations. Specifically, the ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting called to approve the annual financial
statements may allocate the net income resulting after allotment to the legal reserve to the payment of a final dividend
per share. In addition, during the course of the financial year, the Board of Directors may distribute, as allowed by the
By-laws, interim dividends to the shareholders. Entitlement to dividends not collected within five years of the day on
which they become payable shall lapse in favor of the Company and such dividends shall be allocated to reserves.
Voting rights
The general provisions on share “voting rights” are described at the paragraph “Shareholders’ Meeting” below. In
relation to the appointment of the Board of Directors (Eni’s Board is not a “staggered board”) and the Board of
Statutory Auditors (see Item 6), Eni’s By-laws provide for a slate voting system. In particular, pursuant to Article 17 of
the By-laws and in accordance with applicable law, slates may be presented both by shareholders, either severally or
jointly, representing at least 1% of the share capital, or any other threshold established by Consob in its regulation, or by
the Board of Directors. Each shareholder may, severally or jointly, submit and vote on a single slate only.
There are no provisions in Eni’s By-laws relating to: rights to share in Company profits; redemption provisions;
sinking fund provisions; liability to further capital calls by the Company.
Liquidation rights
In the event the Company is wound up, the Shareholders’ Meeting shall decide the manner of its liquidation and
appoint one or more liquidators, establishing their powers and remuneration. In accordance with Italian law,
shareholders would be entitled to the distribution of the remaining liquidated assets of the Company in proportion to
their shareholdings, only after payment of all the Company’s liabilities and satisfaction of all other creditors.
Change in shareholders’ rights
A shareholders’ resolution is required to make changes in shareholders’ rights. Italian law gives shareholders the
right to withdraw in the event of an amendment of the provisions of the By-laws relating to, among other matters,
voting and dividend rights, approved by resolution of the Shareholders’ Meeting with the attendance and
decision-making quorum established by law for extraordinary meetings.
Shareholders’ Meeting
The Shareholders’ Meeting resolves on the issues set forth by applicable law and Eni’s By-laws, in “ordinary” or
“extraordinary” form. Resolutions of ordinary and extraordinary Shareholders’ Meetings in first, second or third call
must be passed with the majorities required by law in each case. The Board of Directors may, if deemed necessary,
establish that both the ordinary and the extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting be held after a single call. In the case of a
single call, the majorities required by law in this case shall apply.
Shareholders’ Meetings shall normally be held at the Company’s registered office, unless otherwise decided by the
Board of Directors, provided however they are held in Italy.
The Shareholders’ Meeting shall be called by way of a notice published on the Company website, as well as in
accordance with the procedures specified in Consob regulations, by the statutory deadlines and in accordance with
applicable law. The notice calling the meeting, the content of which content is defined by the law and Eni’s By-laws,
contains all the information for attending and voting at the meeting, including information on proxy voting and voting
by correspondence (the information is also available on the Company’s website) and, if envisaged, it may include
instructions for participating in the Shareholders’ Meeting by means of telecommunication systems, as well as
exercising the right to vote by electronic means. By the same date of the publication of the notice calling the Meeting,
the Board of Directors shall make a report on each of the items on the agenda available to the public at the Company’s
registered office, on the Company’s website and by other means envisaged by Consob regulations. Specific legal
172
provisions may require other terms of publication of the Board of Directors report (i.e. in case of extraordinary
transactions). An ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting shall be called at least once a year, within 180 days of the end of the
Company’s financial year (on December 31), to approve the financial statements, since the Company is required to
draw up Consolidated Financial Statements.
The right to attend and cast a vote at the Shareholders’ Meeting shall be certified by a statement submitted by an
authorized intermediary on the basis of its accounting records to the Company on behalf of the person entitled to vote.
The statement shall be issued by the intermediary on the basis of the balances on the accounts recorded at the end of the
seventh trading day prior to the date of the Shareholders’ Meeting. Credit and debit records entered on the accounts
after this deadline shall not be considered for the purpose of determining entitlement to exercise voting rights at the
Shareholders’ Meeting. The statement, issued by the authorized intermediary, must reach the Company by the end of
the third trading day prior to the date of the Shareholders’ Meeting, or by any other deadline established by Consob
regulations issued in agreement with the Bank of Italy. Shareholders shall nevertheless be entitled to attend the Meeting
and cast a vote if the statements are received by the Company after the deadlines indicated above, provided they are
received before the start of proceedings of the given call. For the purposes of these provisions, reference is made to the
date of first call, provided that the dates of any subsequent calls are indicated in the notice calling the Meeting;
otherwise, the date of each call is deemed the reference date.
Those persons who are entitled to vote may appoint a party to represent themselves at the Shareholders’ Meeting
by means of a written proxy or in electronic form in the manner set forth by current law. Electronic notification of the
proxy may be made through a special section of the Company website as indicated in the notice calling the Meeting. In
order to simplify proxy voting by shareholders who are employees of the Company or of its subsidiaries and belong to
shareholders’ associations that meet applicable statutory requirements, locations for communications and collection of
proxies shall be made available to in accordance with the terms and conditions agreed from time to time with the legal
representatives of said associations.
The right to vote may also be exercised by correspondence in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.
If provided for in the notice calling the meeting, those persons entitled to vote may participate in the Shareholders’
Meeting by means of telecommunication systems and exercise their right to vote by electronic means in accordance
with the provisions of the law, applicable regulations and the Shareholders’ Meeting Rules.
The Company may designate a person for each Shareholders’ Meeting to whom the shareholders may confer a
proxy with voting instructions on all or some of the items on the agenda, as provided for by applicable laws and
regulations, by the end of the second trading day preceding the date set for the Shareholders’ Meeting including for
calls subsequent to the first. Such proxy shall not be valid for items in respect of which no voting instructions have been
provided.
The Chairman of the meeting shall verify the validity of proxies and, in general, entitlement to participate in the
Meeting.
The Shareholders’ Meetings are governed by the Shareholders’ Meeting Rules as approved by resolution of the
ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting on December 4, 1998, in order to guarantee an efficient conduct of meetings and the
right of each shareholder to express his or her opinion on the items on the agenda.
During Shareholders’ Meetings, the Board of Directors provides broad disclosure on items examined and
shareholders can request information on issues in the agenda. Information is provided taking into account applicable
rules on inside information.
Stock ownership limitation and voting rights restrictions
There are no limitations imposed by Italian law or by Eni’s By-laws on the rights of non-residents in Italy or
foreign persons to hold shares or vote other than the limitations described below (which are equally applicable to both
residents and non-residents of Italy).
In accordance with Article 6 of the By-laws, and in application of the special rules pursuant to Article 324 of
Decree Law No. 332 of May 31, 1994, ratified with amendments by Law No. 474 of July 30, 1994 (Law No. 474/1994),
no shareholder may hold, in any capacity, directly or indirectly, more than 3% of the Company’s share capital. Any
voting rights and any other non-financial rights attached to shares held in excess of the maximum limit indicated above
may not be exercised and the voting rights of each shareholder to whom such limit applies shall be reduced in
proportion, unless otherwise jointly specified in advance by the parties involved.
(24)
This provision has been modified by the Decree Law No. 21 of March 15, 2012, ratified with amendments by Law No. 56 of May 11, 2012. For more details see
the paragraph “Limitation on changes in control of the Company (Special Powers of the Italian State)” below.
173
Pursuant to Article 32 of the By-laws and the above mentioned provision of law, shareholdings owned by the
Ministry of the Economy and Finance, public entities or organization controlled by them are exempt from this ban.
Finally, this special rule provides that the clause regarding shareholding limits will lose effect if the limit is
exceeded as a result of a take-over bid, provided that, as a result of the takeover, the bidder will own a shareholding of
at least 75% of the share capital with the right to vote on resolutions concerning the appointment or dismissal of
Directors.
Limitation on changes in control of the Company (Special Powers of the Italian State)
Pursuant to Article 6.2 of the By-laws and to the special rules set out in Law No. 474/1994, the Minister of the
Economy and Finance, in agreement with the Minister of Economic Development, retains special powers that can be
exercised in accordance with the criteria set out in the Decree issued by the President of the Council of Ministers on
June 10, 2004.
These special powers consist of the:
(a) power of opposition to the acquisition of material shareholdings (i.e. shareholdings that represent, directly and
indirectly, at least 3% of the share capital and consist of shares with the right to vote in ordinary Shareholders’
Meetings). The opposition, duly justified, must be expressed if the transaction is deemed to be prejudicial to
the vital interests of the State, within ten days of the date of the notice to be filed by the Directors at the time
request is made for registration in the shareholders’ register. Pending expiry of the ten-day term, the voting
rights and other rights, except for the right to participate in profits, attached to the shares that represent the
material shareholding may not be exercised. In the event the right of opposition is exercised, by means of a
duly justified decision based on the actual prejudicial effect caused by the transaction to the vital interests of
the State, the transferee may not exercise the voting rights or any other non-financial rights attached to the
shares representing the material shareholding, and must dispose of said shares within one year. In the event of
a failure to comply, the Court, upon appeal of the Minister of the Economy and Finance, shall order the
disposal of the shares representing the material shareholding in accordance with the procedures set out in
Article 2359-ter of the Italian Civil Code;
(b) power of opposition to the conclusion of shareholders’ agreements, as referred to in Article 122 of the
Consolidated Law on Finance, involving at least 3% of the share capital with voting rights at the ordinary
Shareholders’ Meetings. For the purpose of exercising said power of opposition, Consob shall notify the
Minister of the Economy and Finance of any such agreements notified to it pursuant to Article 122 of the
Consolidated Law on Finance. The power of opposition shall be exercised within ten days of the date of the
notice from Consob. Pending expiry of the ten-day term, the voting rights and other non-financial rights
attached to the shares held by the shareholders who have entered into such shareholders’ agreements may not
be exercised. If the power of opposition is exercised, with a measure duly explicating the prejudice that the
aforesaid agreements may cause to the vital interests of the Italian State, the shareholders’ agreement shall be
null and void. If the conduct during the Shareholders’ Meeting of the shareholders bound by the agreement
reveals that the undertakings given under an agreement pursuant to the aforesaid Article 122 of the
Consolidated Law on Finance have been maintained, any resolutions passed with the casting vote of these
same shareholders may be challenged;
(c) power of veto, duly justified by the effective prejudice to the vital interests of the Italian State, with respect to
resolutions to wind up the Company, to transfer the business, to merge, to demerge, to transfer the Company’s
registered office abroad, to change the Company purpose or to amend the By-laws so as to eliminate or
modify the powers set out in letters (a), (b), (c) and in the subsequent letter (d); and
(d) power of appointment of one non-voting Director.
The decisions for exercising the powers detailed in letters (a), (b) and (c) may be challenged, within sixty days, by
the parties entitled to do so, before the Regional Administrative Court of Lazio.
The special powers shall be exercisable respect to cases significant and general public interest (such as public
order, public security, public health and defense) in an appropriate way and measure and proportionally to the
safeguarding of these interests, even by means of necessary time limits, without prejudice to compliance with national
and European principles and, in particular, with the non-discrimination principle.
The Decree of the Italian Prime Minister of May 20, 2010, following on certain decisions of the European Court of
Justice, repealed Article 1, paragraph 2 of the Decree issued by the Italian Prime Minister on June 10, 2004, related to
the specific circumstances in which the special powers may be exercised.
Law Decree No. 21 of March 15, 2012, ratified with amendments by Law No. 56 of May 11, 2012, modified
Italian legislation governing the special powers of the State to comply with European rules. The previous provisions
(Article 2 of Law Decree No. 332/1994 ratified by Law No. 474/1994 and its implementing decrees), as well as the
provisions of the By-laws which are inconsistent with the new rules, will be repealed by the last of the implementing
174
ministerial regulations in the areas of energy, transport and communications. If the afore mentioned implementing
decrees, approved on March 14, 2014 by the Italian Council of Ministers, came into force at the date of the approval of
the present Form, the provisions set forth in Article 2 of the Law Decree No. 332/1994 would be repealed. The
provisions regarding the stock ownership limitations and voting rights restrictions pursuant to Article 3 of Law
No. 474/1994 remain in force.
In order to “promote privatization and the spread of investment in shares” of companies in which the Italian State
has a significant shareholding, Article 1, paragraphs 381 to 384 of Law No. 266 of 2005 (2006 Financial Law)
introduced the power to add provisions to the By-laws of privatized companies primarily controlled by the Italian State,
like Eni, which allow shares or participating financial instruments to be issued that grant the special meeting of its
holders the right to request that new shares, even at par value, or new financial instruments be issued to them with the
right to vote in ordinary and extraordinary Shareholders’ Meetings. Making this amendment to the By-laws would lead
to the shareholding limit referred to in Article 6.1 of the By-laws being removed. At the present time, however, Eni’s
By-laws do not contain such any provision.
Shareholder ownership thresholds
There are no By-law provisions governing the disclosure of the ownership threshold because the matter is
regulated by Italian law. Pursuant to the Consolidated Law on Finance25 and Consob Regulation26, any direct or indirect
holding in the voting shares of an Italian listed company in excess of 2%27, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 50%,
66.6%, 90% and 95% must be notified to the investee company and to Consob. The same disclosure requirements refer
to holdings that drop below one of the specified thresholds. Due declarations shall be made within five trading days of
the date of the transaction triggering the obligation to notify, regardless of the date on which it is carried out, using the
forms established in Annex 4A to the above mentioned Regulation.
The relevant thresholds noted above shall be calculated including: (i) shares owned by the reporting person, even if
the voting rights belong or are assigned to third parties, or are suspended, as well as shares in which the voting rights
belong or are assigned to him; and (ii) shares held through third parties (and shares whose voting rights are assigned to
such third parties) such as nominees, trustees or subsidiary companies. The obligation to notify also applies to any
direct or indirect holding owned through ADRs. Specific disclosure requirements (with partially different thresholds)
are connected to so-called “potential holdings” (such as holdings of derivatives or other equity-linked securities).
Voting rights attached to listed shares which have not been notified pursuant to the above mentioned disclosure
requirements may not be exercised. Any resolution or act adopted in violation of such limitation, with the contribution
of those undisclosed shares, could be voided if challenged in Court, under the Italian Civil Code.
According to the Italian Civil Code (Article 2359-bis), a subsidiary may acquire shares of the parent company only
within the limits of distributable profits and available reserves as resulting from the last approved balance sheet. Only
fully-paid shares can be purchased. The purchase must be approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting and, in any case, the
nominal value of shares purchased may not exceed one-fifth of the capital of the parent company – if the latter is a
listed company – taking into account for this purpose the shares held by the same parent company or its subsidiaries.
The Consolidated Law on Finance provides rules governing cross-holdings. In particular, except for the cases
contemplated by the above mentioned Article 2359-bis of the Italian Civil Code, in case of a reciprocal participation
exceeding the limit of 2% of the shares, the company that last exceeds the limit successively cannot exercise its right to
vote relative to the shares held in excess of such threshold and must sell such shares within the following 12 months. In
the event of failure to dispose of the shares by such time limit, the voting rights shall be suspended with respect to the
entire shareholding, and any resolution or act adopted with the contribution of the relevant shares may be challenged
under the Italian Civil Code. If a person holds an interest exceeding 2% of the share capital of a listed company, such
listed company or any entity controlling such listed company may not acquire an interest exceeding 2% of the share
capital of a listed company controlled by the former. If the foregoing limit is exceeded, the person who last exceeded
the foregoing limit (or both holders, if it is not possible to ascertain which of the two persons was the last to exceed the
limit) may not exercise the voting rights attached to the shares exceeding the foregoing limit. In the event of
non-compliance, the voting rights attached to the shares held in excess of the limit specified shall be suspended and any
resolution or act adopted with the contribution of the relevant shares may be challenged under the Italian Civil Code.
The limitations described above are not applicable in the case of a takeover bid or exchange tender offer to acquire at
least 60% of the ordinary shares of a listed company.
Legislative Decree No. 58 of February 24, 1998, with specific reference to Articles 120-122.
(25)
(26) Article 117 of Consob Decision No. 11971/1999 and subsequently amendments.
(27) Moreover, Consob may, by means of measures justified by the need to protect investors, as well as corporate control market and capital market efficiency and
transparency, envisage – for a limited period of time – thresholds lower than 2% by its decree for companies with an elevated current market value and,
particularly, extensive shareholding structure.
175
Under the Consolidated Law on Finance, any agreement, in any form, regarding the exercise of voting rights in a
listed company or in its parent company, must be, within five days of stipulation: (i) notified to Consob; (ii) published
in abstract form, in the Italian daily press; (iii) filed in the Register of Companies in which the listed company is
registered; and (iv) notified to the company with listed shares. In the event of non-compliance with these requirements,
the agreements shall be null and void and the voting rights attached to the relevant shares may not be exercised and any
resolution or act adopted with the contribution of such shares may be challenged under the Italian Civil Code.
The same provisions also apply to agreements, in any form, that: (a) create obligations of consultation prior to the
exercise of voting rights in a listed company and in its controlling companies; (b) set limits on the transfer of the related
shares or of other financial instruments that entitle holders to buy or subscribe them; (c) provide for the purchase of the
shares or of the above mentioned financial instruments; (d) have as their object or effect the exercise, jointly or
otherwise, of dominant influence on such companies; and (d-bis) which aim to encourage or frustrate a takeover bid or
an exchange tender offer, including commitments relating to non-participation in a takeover bid.
Finally, in accordance with Law No. 287 of October 10, 1990, any merger or acquisition of sole or joint control
over a company that would create or strengthen a dominant position in the domestic market in a manner that eliminates
or significantly reduces competition is prohibited and mergers and acquisition of specified dimension must be subject to
the prior authorization of the Italian Antitrust Authority28. However, if the acquiring party and the company to be
acquired operate in more than one EU Member State and together exceed certain revenue thresholds, the antitrust
approval for the acquisition falls under the exclusive jurisdiction of the European Commission.
Changes in share capital
Eni’s By-laws do not provide for more stringent conditions than are required by law.
Share capital increases are resolved by a shareholders’ resolution at an extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting.
Under Italian law, shareholders have a pre-emptive right to subscribe to newly issued of shares and corporate bonds
convertible into shares in proportion to their respective shareholdings. If the Company’s interest so requires, the
pre-emptive right may be waived or limited by the shareholders’ resolution authorizing the share capital increase. The
shareholders’ pre-emptive right is also waived if the shareholders’ resolution authorizing the share capital increase
provides for the subscription of new issues of shares in the form of contributions in-kind.
Material contracts
None.
Exchange controls
There are no exchange controls in Italy. Residents and non-residents in Italy may carry out any investments,
divestments and other transactions that entail a transfer of assets to or from Italy, subject only to the reporting,
record-keeping and disclosure requirements described below. In particular, residents of Italy may hold foreign currency
and foreign securities of any kind, within and outside Italy, while non-residents may invest in Italian securities without
restriction and may export from Italy cash, instruments of credit or payment and securities, whether in foreign currency
or euro, representing interest, dividends, other asset distributions and the proceeds of dispositions.
Updated reporting and record-keeping requirements are contained in the Italian legislation which implements an
EU directive regarding the free movement of capital. Such legislation requires that transfers into or out of Italy of cash
or securities in excess of ! 12,500 be reported in writing to the relevant authority (Ministry of Economy and Finance) by
residents or non-residents that effect such transfers directly, or by banks, securities dealers or Poste Italiane SpA (Italian
Mail) that effect such transactions on their behalf. In addition, banks, securities dealers or Poste Italiane SpA effecting
such transactions on behalf of residents or non-residents of Italy are required to maintain records of such transactions
for five years. These records may be inspected at any time by Italian tax and judicial authorities.
(28) Autorità garante per la concorrenza e il mercato (AGCM - www.agcm.it).
176
Non-compliance with these reporting and record-keeping requirements may result in administrative fines or, in the
case of false reporting and in certain cases of incomplete reporting, criminal penalties.
Taxation
The information set forth below is only a summary; Italian, the United States and other tax laws may change from
time to time. Holders of shares and ADRs should consult with their professional advisors as to the tax consequences of
their ownership and disposition of the shares and ADRs, including, in particular, the effect of tax laws of any other
jurisdiction.
Italian taxation
The following is a summary of the material Italian tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of shares or
ADRs as at the date hereof and does not purport to be a complete analysis of all potential tax effects relevant to the
ownership or disposition of shares or ADRs.
Income tax
Dividends received by Italian resident individuals in relation to interest exceeding 2% of the voting rights or 5% of
the share capital (“substantial interest”) are included in the taxable income subject to personal income tax to the extent
of 49.72% of their amount. Personal income tax applies at progressive rates ranging from 23% to 43% plus local
surtaxes. Dividends received by Italian resident individuals in relation to non-substantial interest not related to the
conduct of a business are subject to a substitute tax of 20% withheld at the source by the dividend paying agent. This
being the case, the dividend is not to be included in the individual’s tax return. If the non-substantial interest is related
to the conduct of a business, dividends received in respect of 2013 profits are included in the taxable business income
for 49.72% of their amount.
Despite the above statement, dividends are included in the taxable income at 40% to the extent they relate to un
distributed profit of 2007 and previous years.
Dividends received by Italian investment funds, foreign open-ended investment funds authorized to market their
securities in Italy pursuant to the Law Decree June 6, 1956, No. 476, converted into Law July 25, 1956, No. 786, and
società di investimento a capitale variabile (SICAV) are not subject to substitute tax but are included in the aggregate
income of the investment fund or SICAV. The investment fund or SICAV will not be subject to tax on the dividends. A
withholding tax of 20% may apply on income of the investment fund or SICAV derived by unitholders or shareholders
through distribution and/or upon redemption or disposal of the units and shares.
Dividends received by real estate funds to which the provisions of Law Decree No. 351 of September 25, 2001, as
subsequently amended, apply, are not subject to any substitute tax nor to any other income tax in the hands of the fund.
The income of the real estate fund is subject to tax, in the hands of the unitholder, depending on status and
percentage of participation, or, when earned by the fund, through distribution and/or upon redemption or disposal of the
units.
Dividends received by a pension fund (subject to the regime provided for by Article 17 of the Italian Legislative
Decree No. 252 of December 5, 2005) and deposited with an authorized intermediary, will not be subject to substitute
tax, but must be included in the result of the relevant portfolio accrued at the end of the tax period, to be subject to an
11% substitute tax.
Dividends paid to non-Italian residents are subject to the same substitute tax levied at source by the dividend
paying agent at the rate of 20%, provided that the interest is not connected to an Italian permanent establishment. Up to
one fourth of the substitute tax withheld might be recovered by the non-resident shareholder from the Italian Tax
Authorities upon provision of evidence of full payment of income tax on such dividend in his/her country of residence
in an amount at least equal to the total refund claimed.
Dividends are subject to a 1.375% substitute tax introduced by the Financial Bill for 2008 where the conditions in
Article 27, paragraph 3-ter, Presidential Decree No. 600 of 1973 are met, i.e. dividends are paid to companies and
entities subject to a corporate income tax in a European Union member state or in Norway.
177
The substitute tax may also be reduced under the tax treaty in force between Italy and the country of residence of
the Beneficial Owner of the dividend. Italy has executed income tax treaties with approximately 70 foreign countries,
including all EU Member States, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, the
United States and some countries in Africa, the Middle East and the Far East. Generally speaking, it should be noted
that tax treaties are not applicable where the holder is a tax-exempt entity or, with few exceptions, a partnership or a
trust.
In order to obtain the treaty benefit of a reduced substitute tax rate at the same time of payment, the Beneficial
Owner must file an application to the dividend paying agent chosen by the Depositary stating the existence of the
conditions for the applicability of the treaty benefit, together with a certification issued by the foreign tax authorities
stating that the shareholder is a resident of that country for treaty purposes.
Under the tax treaty between the United States and Italy, dividends derived and beneficially owned by a U.S.
resident who holds less than 25% of the Company’s shares are subject to an Italian withholding or substitute tax at a
reduced rate of 15%, provided that the interest is not effectively connected with a permanent establishment in Italy
through which the U.S. resident carries on a business or a fixed establishment in Italy through which such U.S. resident
performs independent personal services (for further details please refer to the relevant provisions set forth in the Italy
U.S. Tax Treaty). In the absence of such conditions, the dividend paying agent will deduct from the gross amount of the
dividend the substitute tax at the statutory rate of 20%. Based on the certification procedure required by the Italian Tax
Authorities, to benefit from the direct application of the 15% substitute tax the U.S. shareholder must provide the
dividend paying agent with a certificate obtained from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the IRS) with respect to each
dividend payment. The request for this certificate must include a statement, signed under penalty of perjury, attesting
that the shareholder is a U.S. resident individual or corporation, and does not maintain a permanent establishment in
Italy, and must set forth other required information. The normal time for processing requests for certification by the IRS
is normally about six to eight weeks.
Where the Beneficial Owner has not provided the above mentioned documentation, the dividend paying agent will
deduct from the gross amount of the dividend the substitute tax at the statutory rate of 20%. The U.S. recipient will then
be entitled to claim from the Italian Tax Authorities the difference (treaty refund) between the domestic rate and the
treaty one by filing specific forms (certificate) with the Italian Tax Authorities.
As reflected in the Deposit Agreement, if any tax or other governmental charge shall become payable by or on
behalf of the Custodian or the Depositary with respect to an ADR, any Deposited Securities represented by the
American Depositary Shares (ADSs), such tax or other governmental charge shall be paid by the Holder hereof to the
Depositary. The Depositary may refuse to effect any registration, registration of transfer, split-up or combination hereof
or any withdrawal of such Deposited Securities until such payment is made. The Depositary may also deduct from any
distributions on or in respect of Deposited Securities, or may sell by public or private sale for the account of the Holder
hereof any part or all of such Deposited Securities (after attempting by reasonable means to notify the Holder hereof
prior to such sale), and may apply such deduction or the proceeds of any such sale in payment of such tax or other
governmental charge, the Holder hereof remaining liable for any deficiency, and shall reduce the number of ADSs to
reflect any such sales of shares. Pursuant to the Deposit Agreement, the Depositary and the Custodian may make and
maintain arrangements to enable persons that are considered United States residents for purposes of applicable law to
receive any tax rebates (pursuant to an applicable treaty or otherwise) or other tax related benefits relating to
distributions on the ADSs to which such persons are entitled. Notwithstanding any other terms of the Deposit
Agreement or the ADR, absent the gross negligence or bad faith of, respectively, the Depositary and the Company, the
Depositary and the Company assume no obligation, and shall not be subject to any liability, for the failure of any
Holder or Beneficial Owner, or its agent or agents, to receive any tax benefit under applicable law or tax treaties. The
Depositary shall not be liable for any acts or omissions of any other party in connection with any attempts to obtain any
such benefit, and Holders and Beneficial Owners hereby agree that each of them shall be conclusively bound by any
deadline established by the Depositary in connection therewith.
Capital gains tax
This paragraph concerns and applies to capital gains out of the scope of a business activity carried out in Italy.
Profits gained by Italian resident individuals upon the sale of a substantial interest are included in the taxable base
subject to personal income tax for 49.72% of their amount, while gains realized upon the sale of non-substantial interest
is subject to a substitute tax at a 20% rate.
For gains deriving from the sale of non-substantial interest, two different systems may be applied at the option of
the shareholder as an alternative to the filing of the tax return:
•
the so-called “administered savings” tax regime (risparmio amministrato), based on which intermediaries
acting as shares depositaries shall apply a substitute tax (20%) on each gain, on a cash basis. If the sale of
shares generated a loss, said loss may be carried forward up to the fourth following year; and
178
•
the so-called “portfolio management” tax regime (risparmio gestito) which is applicable when the shares form
part of a portfolio managed by an Italian asset management company. The accrued net profit of the portfolio
is subject to a 20% substitute tax to be applied by the portfolio.
Gains realized by non-residents from non-substantial interest in listed companies are deemed not to be realized in
Italy and consequently are not subject to the capital gains tax.
On the contrary, gains realized by non-residents from substantial interests even in listed companies are deemed to
be realized in Italy and consequently are subject to the capital gains tax.
However, double taxation treaties may eliminate the capital gains tax. Under the income tax convention between
the United States and Italy, a U.S. resident will not be subject to the capital gains tax unless the shares or ADRs form
part of the business property of a permanent establishment of the holder in Italy or pertain to a fixed establishment
available to a shareholder in Italy for the purposes of performing independent personal services. U.S. residents who sell
shares may be required to produce appropriate documentation establishing that the above mentioned conditions of non
taxability pursuant to the convention have been satisfied.
Financial Transactions Tax
Italian Law No. 228 of December 24, 2012, has introduced a Financial Transactions Tax which applies to the
transfer of shares, ADR and other financial instruments issued by companies resident in Italy. The tax rate applicable
for financial year 2013 is 0.12% for ADR negotiated in regulated markets (like the NYSE). For further years, the tax
rate will be reduced to 0.10%. This tax applies to transactions carried out from March 1, 2013.
Non-Italian intermediaries, involved in the transactions of Eni ADR, must withhold and pay the Financial
Transactions Tax. For this purpose, non-Italian intermediaries can appoint an Italian Tax Representative, according to
the Italian tax law.
Inheritance and gift tax
Pursuant to Law Decree No. 262 of October 3, 2006, converted with amendments by Law No. 286 of November
24, 2006 effective from November 29, 2006, and Law No. 296 of December 27, 2006, the transfers of any valuable
assets (including shares) as a result of death or donation (or other transfers for no consideration) and the creation of
liens on such assets for a specific purpose are taxed as follows:
(a) 4 per cent: if the transfer is made to spouses and direct descendants or ancestors; in this case, the transfer is
subject to tax on the value exceeding ! 1,000,000 (per beneficiary);
(b) 6 per cent: if the transfer if made to brothers and sisters; in this case, the transfer is subject to the tax on the
value exceeding ! 100,000 (per beneficiary);
(c) 6 per cent: if the transfer is made to relatives up to the fourth degree, to persons related by direct affinity as
well as to persons related by collateral affinity up to the third degree; and
(d) 8 per cent: in all other cases.
If the transfer is made in favor of persons with severe disabilities, the tax applies on the value exceeding
! 1,500,000. Moreover, an anti-avoidance rule is provided for by Law No. 383 of October 18, 2001 for any gift of assets
(including shares) which, if sold for consideration, would give rise to capital gains subject to a substitute tax (imposta
sostitutiva) provided for by Decree No. 461 of November 21, 1997. In particular, if the donee sells the shares for
consideration within five years from the receipt thereof as a gift, the donee is required to pay a relevant substitute tax on
capital gains as if the gift had never taken place.
United States taxation
The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders (as defined below) of
the ownership and disposition of Shares or ADSs. This summary is addressed to U.S. Holders that hold Shares or ADSs
as capital assets, and does not purport to address all material tax consequences of the ownership of Shares or ADSs. The
summary does not address special classes of investors, such as tax-exempt entities, dealers in securities, traders in
securities that elect to mark-to-market, certain insurance companies, broker-dealers, investors liable for alternative
minimum tax, investors that actually or constructively own 10% or more of Eni SpA’s Shares, a person that purchases
or sells Shares or ADSs as part of a wash sale for U.S. federal income tax purposes, investors that hold Shares or ADSs
as part of a straddle or a hedging or conversion transaction and investors whose “functional currency” is not the U.S.
dollar.
179
This summary is based on the tax laws of the United States (including the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended, (the “Code”), its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations thereunder, published rulings and court
decisions) as in effect on the date hereof, and which are subject to change (or changes in interpretation), possibly with
retroactive effect. The summary is based in part on representations of the Depositary and assumes that each obligation
in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms. U.S. Holders
should consult their own tax advisors to determine the U.S. federal, state and local and foreign tax consequences to
them of the ownership and disposition of Shares or ADSs.
If a partnership holds the Shares or ADSs, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner will generally depend
on the status of the partner and the tax treatment of the partnership. A partner in a partnership holding the Shares or
ADSs should consult its tax advisor with regard to the U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in the Shares
or ADSs.
As used in this section, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of Shares or ADSs that is: (i) a citizen or
resident of the United States; (ii) a domestic corporation; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to the U.S.
federal income tax without regard to its source; or (iv) a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise
primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all
substantial decisions of the trust.
The discussion does not address any aspects of U.S. taxation other than U.S. federal income taxation. In particular,
U.S. Holders are urged to confirm their eligibility for benefits under the income tax convention between the United
States and Italy with their advisors and to discuss with their advisors any possible consequences of their failure to
qualify for such benefits.
In general, and taking into account the earlier assumptions, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, U.S. Holders
who own ADRs evidencing ADSs will be treated as owners of the underlying Shares. Exchanges of Shares for ADRs
and ADRs for Shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.
Dividends
Subject to the passive foreign investment company (PFIC), rules discussed below, distributions paid on the shares
will generally be treated as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid out of Eni SpA’s current or
accumulated earnings and profits as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but will not be eligible for the
dividends-received deduction generally allowed to U.S. corporations. To the extent that a distribution exceeds Eni
SpA’s earnings and profits, it will be treated, first, as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s
tax basis in the Shares or ADSs, and thereafter as capital gain. A U.S. Holder will be subject to U.S. federal taxation, on
the date of actual or constructive receipt by the U.S. Holder (in the case of Shares) or by the Depositary (in the case of
ADSs) with respect to the gross amount of any dividends, including any Italian tax withheld therefrom, without regard
to whether any portion of such tax may be refunded to the U.S. Holder by the Italian Tax Authorities. For non-corporate
U.S. Holders, dividends paid that constitute qualified dividend income will be taxable at the preferential rates applicable
to long-term capital gains provided that such person holds the Shares or ADSs for more than 60 days during the
121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date and meet other holding period requirements. Dividends
paid by the Group with respect to the Shares or ADSs will generally be qualified as dividend income. The amount of the
dividend distribution that must be included in the income of a U.S. Holder will be the U.S. dollar value of the euro
payments made, determined at the spot ! /$ rate on the date the dividend distribution is includible in such person’s
income, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. Generally, any gain or loss resulting
from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the U.S. Holder includes the dividend payment in
income to the date he or she converts the payment into U.S. dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss and will
not be eligible for the special tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income. The gain or loss generally will be income
or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes.
Subject to certain conditions and limitations, Italian tax withheld from dividends will be treated as a foreign
income tax eligible for credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. Special rules apply in
determining the foreign tax credit limitation with respect to dividends that are subject to the preferential rates. To the
extent a refund of the tax withheld is available to a U.S. Holder under Italian law or under the income tax convention
between the United States and Italy, the amount of tax withheld that is refundable will not be eligible for credit against
his or her U.S. federal income tax liability. See “Italian taxation – Income tax” above, for the procedures for obtaining a
tax refund. For foreign tax credit purposes, dividends paid on the shares will be income from sources outside the United
States and will, depending on your circumstances, be either “passive” or “general” income for purposes of computing
the foreign tax credit allowable to you.
180
Sale or exchange of shares
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal
income tax purposes on the sale or exchange of Shares or ADSs equal to the difference between the U.S. Holder’s
adjusted basis in the Shares or ADSs (determined in U.S. dollars), as the case may be, and the amount realized on the
sale or exchange (or if the amount realized is denominated in a foreign currency its U.S. dollar equivalent, determined
at the spot rate on the date of disposition). Generally, such gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the
Shares or ADSs are held as capital assets and will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares or ADSs have been
held for more than one year on the date of such sale or exchange. Long-term capital gain of a non corporate U.S. Holder
is generally taxed at preferential rates. In addition, any such gain or loss realized by a U.S. Holder generally will be
treated as U.S. source income or loss for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes.
PFIC rules
Eni SpA believes that Shares and ADSs should not be treated as stock of a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, but this conclusion is a factual determination that is made annually and thus may be subject to change. If Eni
SpA were to be treated as a PFIC, unless a U.S. Holder elects to be taxed annually on a mark-to-market basis with
respect to the Shares or ADSs, gain realized on the sale or other disposition of your Shares or ADSs would in general
not be treated as capital gain. Instead, if classified as a U.S. Holder, one would be treated as having realized such gains
and certain “excess distributions” ratably over the holding period for the Shares or ADSs and would be taxed at the
highest tax rate in effect for each such year to which the gain or distribution was allocated, together with an interest
charge in respect of the tax attributable to each such year. With certain exceptions, a U.S. Holder’s Shares or ADSs will
be treated as stock in a PFIC if Eni SpA were a PFIC at any time during the period the Shares or ADSs were held.
Dividends received from Eni SpA will not be eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to qualified dividend
income if Eni SpA is treated as a PFIC with respect to the U.S. Holders either in the taxable year of the distribution or
the preceding taxable year, but instead will be taxable at rates applicable to ordinary income.
Documents on display
Eni’s Annual Report and Accounts and any other document concerning the Company are also available online on
the Company website at:
http://www.eni.com/en_IT/documentation/documentation.page?type=bilrap&header=documentazione&doc_from=
hpeni_header.
The Company is subject to the information requirements of the U.S. Security Exchange Act of 1934 applicable to
foreign private issuers.
In accordance with these requirements, Eni files its annual report on Form 20-F and other related documents with
the U.S. SEC. It’s possible to read and copy documents that have been filed with the U.S. SEC at the U.S. SEC’s public
reference room located at 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549, USA.
You may also call the U.S. SEC at +1 800-SEC-0330 or log on to www.sec.gov.
It is also possible to read and copy documents referred to in this annual report on Form 20-F at the New York
Stock Exchange, 20 Broad Street, 17th floor, New York, USA.
181
Item 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risk is the possibility that the exposure to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, interest rates or
commodity prices will adversely affect the value of the Group’s financial assets, liabilities or expected future cash
flows. Eni’s financial performance is particularly sensitive to changes in the price of crude oil and movements in the ! /$
exchange rate. Overall, a rise in the price of crude oil has a positive effect on Eni’s results from operations and liquidity
due to increased revenues from oil and gas production. Conversely, a decline in crude oil prices reduces Eni’s results
from operations and liquidity.
The impact of changes in crude oil prices on the Company’s downstream gas and refining and marketing
businesses and petrochemical operations depends upon the speed at which the prices of finished products adjust to
reflect changes in crude oil prices. In addition, the Group’s activities are, to various degrees, sensitive to fluctuations in
the ! /$ exchange rate as commodities are generally priced internationally in U.S. dollars or linked to dollar denominated
products as in the case of gas prices. Overall, an appreciation of the euro against the dollar reduces the Group’s results
from operations and liquidity, and vice versa.
As part of its financing and cash management activities, the Company uses derivative instruments to manage its
exposure to changes in interest rates and foreign exchange rates. These instruments are principally interest rate and
currency swaps. The Company also enters into commodity derivatives as part of its ordinary commercial, optimization
and risk management activities, as well as exceptionally to hedge the exposure to variability in future cash flows due to
movements in commodity prices, in view of pursuing acquisitions of oil and gas reserves as part of the Company’s
ordinary asset portfolio management or other strategic initiatives.
The Company actively manages market risk in accordance with a set of policies and guidelines that provide a
centralized model of undertaking finance, treasury and risk management operations based on the Company’s
departments of operational finance: the parent company’s (Eni SpA) finance department and its subsidiaries Eni
Finance International, Eni Finance USA and Banque Eni, which is subject to certain bank regulatory restrictions
preventing the Group’s exposure to concentrations of credit risk, and Eni Trading & Shipping, that is in charge to
execute certain activities relating to commodity derivatives. In particular, Eni SpA and Eni Finance International
manage subsidiaries’ financing requirements in and outside Italy, respectively, covering funding requirements and using
available surpluses. All transactions concerning currencies and derivative contracts on interest rates and currencies are
managed by the parent company. The commodity risk of each business unit (Eni’s Divisions or subsidiaries) is pooled
and managed by the parent company Midstream business department, with Eni Trading & Shipping executing the
negotiation of commodity derivatives.
During 2013, the above mentioned centralized model for the execution of financial derivatives has been
ring-fenced in light of the relevant new financial regulations which became effective (EMIR/Dodd Frank). Eni’s
activities are now in compliance with regulatory requirements which mandate that derivatives instruments be executed
on an European Regulated Market or non European exchange, on a Multilateral Trading Facilities or purely OTC, by
using semi-automated broker/crossing platform (so-called OTF) or directly with a counterpart.
In addition to the reinforcement of the centralized execution model, as required by the new financial regulation, in
2013 the EMIR concepts of “risk reducing” and “non-risk reducing” derivatives were introduced. Activities in financial
derivatives were thus classified in order to clearly: (a) isolate ex ante non-risk reducing activities; (b) define a priori the
types of OTC derivative contracts included in the hedging portfolios and the eligibility criteria, and stating that the
transactions in contracts included in the hedging portfolios are limited to covering risks directly related to commercial
or treasury financing activities; and (c) provide for a sufficiently disaggregate view of the hedging portfolios in terms of
for example asset class, product and time horizon, in order to establish the direct link between the portfolio of hedging
transactions and the risks that this portfolio seeks to hedge. A derivative can be qualified a risk reducing instrument
when, by itself or in combination with other derivative contracts (so-called macro or portfolio hedging) it: i) directly or
through closely correlated instruments (so-called proxy hedging) covers the risks arising from potential changes in
value, direct or caused by fluctuation of interest rates, inflation rates, foreign exchange rates or credit risk, of different
assets under Eni control or that Eni will have under its controls in the normal course of business or; ii) qualifies as a
hedging contract pursuant to IFRS.
Use of financial derivatives (in euro or currencies different from euro) is allowed with the following risk reducing
purposes:
•
Back to back: includes market risk-free instruments that are negotiated in accordance to an execution criteria
and normally settled with an intermediation fee. They normally comply with hedge accounting requirements
or own use exemption. These are transaction-based activities characterized by a substantial absence of market
risk. A hedging instrument can be considered back to back when the financial derivative is structured as to
match as much as possible asset class, size and maturity of the hedged position. As a result the combination of
the hedged item, normally a single asset/contract or an order received by mean of an internal derivative, and
the hedging instrument, i.e. the financial derivative, is substantially market risk free or is exposed only to a
basic risk related to the ineffective portion of the hedging item. In addition, the hedging item may entail
182
•
•
•
counterparty risk and operational risk. These derivatives are normally accounted for as hedges for financial
statement purposes.
Flow hedging: flow hedging seeks to optimize Group hedging requirements by pooling different positions
retained by the business units and then by entering derivative instruments to hedge net exposures, in
accordance to a portfolio basis. A central department processes a continuous flow of orders from the Group
various business units and then acts as a single broker on financial markets. Flow hedging is characterized by
the lack of direct control by the central broker entity on the received orders, which are normally related to
assets managed by the business units. The central broker entity can normally rely on a continuous flow of
hedging orders that can be predictable to a large extent, on the basis of the regular hedging programs made by
the Group’s business units. The central entity is therefore in the position to net opposite orders, by retaining
the level of risk necessary to cover timing, volume and asset class mismatch among orders. The benefits are
the maximization of integration across the whole of the Group assets portfolio and the related netting
potential, avoiding unnecessary derivatives, thus reducing costs and aggregated notional amounts of hedging
programs. Flow hedging is managed on a portfolio basis and is dynamic by nature, since resulting net position
is normally adjusted in order to take into account new orders received and maximum allowed exposure,
related to timing, volume and asset classes mismatch. Those derivatives are accounted to profit and loss as the
hedging of net exposures does not qualify as hedges under IFRS.
Asset-backed hedging: is a portfolio-based activity performed to protect assets extrinsic value which is the fair
value that a third party would potentially pay to buy the flexibility associated to assets available to the Group.
It is normally characterized by a maximum level of market risk related to the size of managed assets and the
volatility of underlying commodities. The more flexible is an asset the higher is its extrinsic value that can be
normally quantified as an option premium, linked to the price of an underlying commodity, volatility, time,
interest rate. In order to protect the value of asset flexibility a business unit may transfer to a central entity
part or the whole of asset flexibility or a portfolio of flexibilities and the central entity will hedge such
flexibility on financial markets so to lock its value by monetizing it via derivatives. Hedging strategies
adopted for asset-backed hedging are normally portfolio based, very dynamic and entail large use of proxies.
Depending on the optimization model such strategies are continuously adjusting relevant hedging ratios
buying and selling same financial products several times, since the underlying asset flexibility to be hedged is
changing depending on price level, price volatility, time to delivery, etc. These derivatives may lead to gains
as well as losses which in each case may be significant are accounted through profit and loss as they lack the
hedge requirements provided by IFRS. However, we believe that the risks associated with those derivatives
are mitigated by the natural hedge granted by the asset availability.
Portfolio management: is a portfolio based activity performed on a combination of underlying positions, such
as physical assets (production plants, transmission infrastructures, storages, etc.), commercial assets (spot and
forward short/medium/long term supply and sale contracts with physical delivery) and related financial
derivatives. Normally the target of a portfolio management activity is to optimize managed assets’ base by
running quantitative models which, given production/consumption forecasts, prices scenarios and logistic
flexibility/constraints, determine the optimal configuration in term of volume, price and flexibility for
physical and commercial assets in the portfolio. Financial derivatives are then used in the portfolio
management activity in order to manage the overall risk level associated to such optimal configuration within
a set tolerance or to balance the combined risk-reward profile of the portfolio in line with company’s targets.
Market risk associated to portfolio management is proportional to assets size and maturity and
volatility/correlation of underlying markets. Financial derivatives are normally used to hedge the resulting net
position, but they might hedge also single physical/commercial assets included in the portfolio. The activity is
dynamic by nature, since optimization models are run periodically, even on a daily and infra-daily timescale,
in order to rebalance optimal configuration in view of actual or forecast changes in volumes, prices and
flexibility. As a consequence financial Derivatives are also managed dynamically, with a continuous
adjustment that might lead to buy and sell the same financial product several times. These derivatives may
lead to gains as well as losses which in each case may be significant and are accounted through profit as they
lack the hedge requirements provided by IFRS.
Pursuant to internal policy, all derivatives transactions concerning interest rates and foreign currencies are
executed for risk reducing purposes, as described above. Only commodity derivatives can also be executed in the
context of non-risk reducing operations and be consequently classified as Proprietary Trading, which is an ancillary
activity not related to industrial assets that makes use of financial derivatives which are entered into with the objective
to obtain an uncertain profit, if favorable market expectations occur.
Eni monitors on a daily basis that every activity involving derivatives is correctly classified according to the risk
reducing taxonomy (i.e. back to back, flow hedging, asset-backed hedging or portfolio management), is directly or
indirectly related to the hedged industrial assets and effectively optimizes the risk profile to which Eni is, or could be,
exposed. When some derivatives fail to prove their risk reducing purpose, they are reclassified as Proprietary Trading.
Provided that Proprietary Trading is segregated ex ante from other activities, its resulting market risk exposure is
subject to specific limits expressed in terms of Stop Loss, VaR and notional. The aggregated notional amounts of
non-risk reducing derivatives at Group level are constantly benchmarked with the thresholds required by relevant
international financial regulations.
183
Please refer to “Item 18 – note 35 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for a qualitative and
quantitative discussion of the Company’s exposure to market risks. Please also refer to “Item 18 – notes 14, 21, 26 and
31 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for details of the different derivatives owned by the Company
in these markets.
184
Item 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
Item 12A. Debt securities
Not applicable.
Item 12B. Warrants and rights
Not applicable.
Item 12C. Other securities
Not applicable.
Item 12D. American Depositary Shares
In the United States, Eni’s securities are traded in the form of American Depositary Shares (ADSs) which are listed
on the NYSE. ADSs are evidenced by American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), and each ADR represents two Eni
ordinary shares. Since January 18, 2012, Eni’s ADRs are issued, cancelled and exchanged at the office of Bank of New
York Mellon, as depositary (the “Depositary”) under the Deposit Agreement between Eni, the Depositary and the
holders of ADRs.
Computershare is the transfer agent for the Eni SpA ADR program.
Société Générale Securities Services SpA and UniCredit SpA are the custodians (the “Custodian”) on behalf of the
holders of Eni’s ADRs, and their principal offices are located in Milan, Italy.
Fees and charges paid by ADR holders
The Depositary collects fees for delivery and surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or
surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting on their behalf. The Depositary collects
fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of
distributable property to pay the fees.
185
The table below sets forth all fees and charges that a holder of Eni’s ADRs may have to pay, either directly or
indirectly, to Bank of New York Mellon, as Depositary.
Type of service
Amount of fees or charges (1)
Depositary actions
(a) Depositing or substituting the underlying
shares
$5.00 (or less) for each 100 ADSs
(or portion of 100 ADSs)
(b) Selling or exercising rights
$5.00 (or less) for each 100 ADSs
(or portion of 100 ADSs)
Each person to whom ADRs are issued against deposits
of shares, including deposits and issuances in respect of:
• Share distributions, stock split, rights, merger.
• Exchange of securities or any other transaction or event
or other distribution affecting the ADSs or the Deposited
Securities.
Distribution or sale of securities, the fee being in an
amount equal to the fee for the execution and delivery of
ADSs which would have been charged as a result of the
deposit of such securities.
(c) Withdrawing an underlying security
$5.00 (or less) for each 100 ADSs
(or portion of 100 ADSs)
Acceptance of ADRs surrendered for withdrawal of
deposited securities.
(d) Transferring, splitting or grouping
Registration or transfer fees
Transfers, combining or grouping of depositary receipts.
receipts
(e) Expenses of the depositary
Varied charges
Expenses incurred on behalf of holders in connection
with:
• The depositary’s or its custodian’s compliance with
applicable law, rule or regulation.
• Stock transfer or other taxes and other governmental
charges.
• Cable, telex, facsimile transmission/delivery.
• Expenses of the depositary in connection with the
conversion of foreign currency into U.S. dollars (which
are paid out of such foreign currency).
• Any other charge payable by Depositary or its agents.
(f) Distribution of cash
$0.02 (or less) per ADS
Any cash distribution to ADS registered holders.
(g) Depositary services
________
$0.02 (or less) per ADS
per calendar year
Depositary services.
(1)
All fees and charges are paid by ADR holders to Bank of New York Mellon as Depositary and Transfer agent.
Fees and payments made by the Depositary to the issuer
The Depositary has agreed to reimburse certain company expenses related to the ADR Program and incurred in
connection with the program and the listing of Eni’s ADSs on the NYSE. These expenses are mainly related to legal
and accounting fees incurred in connection with the preparation of regulatory filings and other documentation related to
ongoing U.S. SEC compliance, NYSE listing fees, listing and custodian bank fees, advertising, certain investor
relationship programs or special investor relations activities.
For the year 2013, as agreed in the Deposit Agreement with the previous depositary bank, JPMorgan Chase Bank
of New York, and subsequent amendments, the Depositary will reimburse to Eni up to $1,100,000 in connection with
above mentioned expenditures.
Expenses waived or paid directly to third parties by the Depositary
The Depositary reimbursed to the company, or paid amounts on the company’s behalf to third parties, or waived its
fees and expenses, of $221,857.78 for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Category of expense reimbursed, waived or paid directly to third parties
BNY Mellon products and services ......................................................................................
BNY Mellon related to servicing registered shareholders ..................................................
BNY Mellon paid to third-party vendors (1) .........................................................................
Total .......................................................................................................................................
_______
(1)
Includes payments for AGM and related ADR Program services.
Amount reimbursed, waived or paid
directly to third parties for the year
ended December 31, 2013
(US$)
120,000.00
1,679.83
100,177.95
221,857.78
186
Item 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
PART II
None.
Item 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS
AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
Item 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure controls and procedures
In designing and evaluating the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and
15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), the Company’s management, including the
Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how
well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and the
Company’s management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost benefit relationship of
possible controls and procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls
can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been
detected.
It should be noted that the Company has investments in certain non-consolidated entities. As the Company does
not control or manage these entities, its disclosure controls and procedures with respect to such entities are necessarily
more limited than those it maintains with respect to its consolidated subsidiaries.
The Company’s management, with the participation of the principal executive officer and principal financial
officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to
Rule 13a-14(c) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 20-F. Based
on that evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that these disclosure
controls and procedures are effective.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over
financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f). Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over
financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements and even when determined to be effective can only provide
reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, the effectiveness of an
internal control system may change over time.
The Internal Control Committee assists the Board of Directors in setting out the main principles for the internal
control system so as to appropriately identify and adequately evaluate, manage, and monitor the main risks related to
the Company and its subsidiaries, by laying down the compatibility criteria between said risks and sound corporate
management. In addition, this Committee assesses, at least annually, the adequacy, effectiveness, and actual operations
of the internal control system.
The Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, conducted an
evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control – Integrated
Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in 1992.
Based on the results of this evaluation, the Group’s management concluded that its internal control over financial
reporting was effective as of December 31, 2013.
The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, has been
audited by Reconta Ernst & Young SpA, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report that is
included on page F-2 of this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
187
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have not been changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the
period covered by this Form 20-F that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the
Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 16A. Board of Statutory Auditors financial expert
Eni’s Board of Statutory Auditors has determined that the five members of Eni’s Board of Statutory Auditors are
“audit committee financial expert”: Ugo Marinelli, who is the Chairman of the Board, Francesco Bilotti, the Alternate
Auditor drawn from the list of candidates presented by the Shareholder Ministry of the economy and finance who
replaced Roberto Ferranti on September 2013, Paolo Fumagalli, Renato Righetti and Giorgio Silva. All members are
independent.
Item 16B. Code of Ethics
Eni adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to all Eni’s employees including Eni’s principal executive officer,
principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. Eni published its Code of Ethics on Eni’s website. It is
accessible at www.eni.com, under the section Corporate Governance. A copy of this Code of Ethics is included as an
exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
Eni’s Code of Ethics contains ethical guidelines, describes corporate values and requires standards of business
conduct and moral integrity. The ethical guidelines are designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote honest and ethical
conduct, compliance with applicable laws and regulations and internal reporting of violations of the guidelines. The
code affirms the principles of accounting transparency and internal control and endorses human rights and the issue of
the sustainability of the business model.
Item 16C. Principal accountant fees and services
Reconta Ernst & Young SpA has served as Eni principal independent public auditor for fiscal years 2013 and 2012
for which audited Consolidated Financial Statements appear in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
The following table shows total fees paid by Eni, its consolidated and non-consolidated subsidiaries and Eni’s
share of fees incurred by joint ventures for services provided by Eni to its public auditors Reconta Ernst & Young SpA
and its respective member firms, for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively:
Audit fees ...............................................................................................................................
Audit-related fees ...................................................................................................................
Tax fees ..................................................................................................................................
All other fees ..........................................................................................................................
Total ........................................................................................................................................
Year ended December 31,
2012
2013
((cid:1) thousand)
23,042
1,351
25
3
24,421
28,023
1,574
21
-
29,618
Audit fees include professional services rendered by the principal accountant for the audit of the registrant’s annual
financial statements or services that are normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and
regulatory filings or engagements, including the audit on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Audit-related fees include assurance and related services by the principal accountant that are reasonably related to
the performance of the audit or review of the registrant’s financial statements and are not reported as Audit fees in this
Item. The fees disclosed in this category mainly include audits of pension and benefit plans, merger and acquisition due
188
diligence, audit and consultancy services rendered in connection with acquisition deals, certification services not
provided for by law and regulations and consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards.
Tax fees include professional services rendered by the principal accountant for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax
planning. The fees disclosed in this category mainly include fees billed for the assistance with compliance and reporting
of income and value-added taxes, assistance with assessment of new or changing tax regimes, tax consultancy in
connection with merger and acquisition deals, services rendered in connection with tax refunds, assistance rendered on
occasion of tax inspections and in connection with tax claims and recourses and assistance with assessing relevant rules,
regulations and facts going into Eni correspondence with tax authorities.
All other fees include products and services provided by the principal accountant, other than the services reported
in Audit fees, Audit-related fees and Tax fees of this Item and consists primarily of fees billed for consultancy services
related to IT and secretarial services that are permissible under applicable rules and regulations.
Pre-approval policies and procedures of the Internal Control Committee
The Board of Statutory Auditors has adopted a pre-approval policy for audit and non-audit services that set forth
the procedures and the conditions pursuant to which services proposed to be performed by the principal auditors may be
pre-approved. Such policy is applied to entities within the Eni Group which are either controlled or jointly controlled
(directly or indirectly) by Eni SpA. According to this policy, permissible services within the other audit services
category are pre-approved by the Board of Statutory Auditors. The Board of Statutory Auditors approval is required on
a case-by-case basis for those requests regarding: (i) audit-related services; and (ii) non-audit services to be performed
by the external auditors which are permissible under applicable rules and regulations. In such cases, the Company’s
internal audit department is charged with performing an initial assessment of each request to be submitted to the Board
of Statutory Auditors for approval. The internal audit department periodically reports to Eni’s Board of Statutory
Auditors on the status of both pre-approved services and services approved on a case-by-case basis rendered by the
external auditors.
During 2013, no audit-related fees, tax fees or other non-audit fees were approved by the Board of Statutory
Auditors pursuant to the de minimis exception to the pre-approval requirement provided by paragraph (c)(7)(i) (c) of
Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.
Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Making use of the exemption provided by Rule 10A-3(c)(3) for non-U.S. private issuers, Eni has identified the
Board of Statutory Auditors as the body that, starting from June 1, 2005, performs the functions required by the U.S.
SEC rules and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to be carried out by the audit committees of non-U.S. companies listed on the
NYSE (see “Item 6 – Board of Statutory Auditors” above).
Item 16E. Purchases of equity securities by the issuer and affiliated purchasers
On May 10, 2013, the Ordinary Shareholders’ meeting revoked, for the part that had not been accomplished by the
date of the meeting, the authorization to purchase ordinary Eni shares, resolved on July 16, 2012 by the Board of
Directors. Besides that, the Ordinary Shareholders’ meeting resolved to authorize the Board of Directors to purchase
Eni’s shares on the MTA – in one or more transactions and in any case within 18 months from the date of the resolution
– up to a maximum number of 363,000,000 ordinary Eni’s shares, for a total amount not less than ! 1.102 and not more
than the official price reported by Borsa Italiana for the shares on the trading day prior to each individual transaction,
increased by 5%, and in any case up to a total amount of ! 6,000 million, according to the operational procedures
established by the rules that govern the organization and management of Borsa Italiana.
As of December 31, 2013, Eni’s treasury shares amounted to No. 11,388,287, corresponding to 0.31% of share
capital of Eni, represented by No. 3,634,185,330 ordinary shares, for a total book value of ! 201 million. Compared to
December 31, 2012, there was no variation regarding the number of Eni’s treasury shares.
189
Period
Numbers of
shares
(million)
Average price
(! per share)
Total cost
(! million)
Share capital
(%)
2014 (since January 6) ..........................................................
Total purchased as of March 31, 2014 .............................
minus:
- stock option exercised and shares granted pursuant
to stock option and stock grant plans ................................
Total shares held in treasury .............................................
8.85
8.85
0
8.85
17.14
17.14
151.70
152
0.24
0.24
0.24
S
Total number
of shares
purchased, as
part of publicly
announced
plans or
programs
Maximum
number of
shares that may
yet be
purchased
under the plans
or programs
- 363,000,000
3,545,000 359,455,000
6,620,916 356,379,084
8,850,000 354,150,000
8,850,000 354,150,000
S
Period
Total numbers
of shares
purchased
Average price
paid per share
(! )
At January 6, 2014 ................................................................
January 2014 .........................................................................
February 2014 .......................................................................
March 2014 ...........................................................................
March 2014 (through March 31, 2014) ...........................
-
3,545,000
3,075,916
2,229,084
17.23
16.93
17.30
Item 16F. Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant
Not applicable.
Item 16G. Significant differences in Corporate Governance practices as per Section 303A.11
of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual
Corporate Governance. Eni’s governance structure follows the traditional model as defined by the Italian Civil
Code which provides for two main separate corporate bodies, the Board of Directors and the Board of Statutory
Auditors to whom management and monitoring duties are respectively entrusted.
This model differs from the U.S. one-tier model in which the Board of Directors is the sole corporate body
responsible for management, with an Audit Committee established within the Board performing monitoring activities.
The following offers a description of the most significant differences between corporate governance practices
adopted by U.S. domestic companies under the NYSE standards and those followed by Eni, also with reference to
Corporate Governance Code for listed companies, which Eni has adopted (hereinafter the Corporate Governance Code).
Independent Directors
NYSE standards. In accordance with NYSE standards, the majority of the members on the Boards of Directors of
U.S. companies must be independent. A Director qualifies as independent when the Board affirmatively determines that
such Director does not have a material relationship with the listed company (and its subsidiaries), either directly, or
indirectly. In particular, a Director may not be deemed independent if he or she or an immediate family member has a
certain specific relationship with the issuer, its auditors or companies that have material business relationships with the
issuer (e.g. he or she is an employee of the issuer or a partner of the auditor).
In addition, a Director cannot be considered independent in the three-year “cooling-off” period following the
termination of any relationship that compromised a Director’s independence.
Eni standards. In Italy, the Consolidated Law on Financial Intermediation states that at least one of the Directors
or two, if the Board is composed of more than seven members, must meet the independence requirements for Statutory
Auditors of listed companies.
190
In particular, a Director may not be deemed independent if he/she or an immediate family member has
relationships with the issuer, with its Directors or with the companies in the same group of the issuer that could
influence the independence of their judgment.
Eni’s By-laws require that at least one Director – if the Board has no more than five members – or at least three
Directors – if the Board is composed of more than five members – must satisfy the independence requirements.
The Corporate Governance Code provides for additional independence requirements, recommending that the
Board of Directors includes an adequate number of independent non-executive Directors. In particular, for issuers
belonging to FTSE-Mib index of the Italian Stock Market, like Eni, the Corporate Governance Code recommends that
at least one third of the members of the Board of Directors shall be independent Directors. In any event, independent
Directors shall not be fewer than two. Independence is defined as not being currently or recently involved in any direct
or indirect relationship with the issuer or other parties associated with the issuer and which may influence his/her
independent judgment.
After the appointment of a Director who qualifies him or herself as independent and subsequently, upon the
occurrence of circumstances affecting the independence requirements and in any case at least once a year, the Board of
Directors assesses the independence of the Director. The Board of Statutory Auditors verifies the correct application of
the criteria and procedures adopted by the Board of Directors to evaluate the independence of its members.
The Board of Directors shall disclose the result of its evaluations, after the appointment, through a press release to
the market and, subsequently, in the Annual Corporate Governance Report.
In accordance with Eni’s By-laws, if a Director does not or no longer satisfies the independence requirements or
the minimum number of independent Directors fall below the threshold set by Eni’s By-laws, the Board declares the
Director disqualified and provides for their substitution. Directors shall notify the Company if they should no longer
satisfy the independence and integrity requirements or if cause for ineligibility or incompatibility should arise.
Meetings of non-executive Directors
NYSE standards. Non-executive Directors, including those who are not independent, must meet on a regular basis
without the executive Directors.
In addition, if the group of non-executive Directors includes Directors who are not independent, independent
Directors should meet separately at least once a year.
Eni standards. Pursuant to Corporate Governance Code, independent Directors shall meet at least once a year
without the other Directors. During 2013, Eni’s independent Directors had numerous opportunities to meet, formally
and informally, to hold discussions and exchange opinions.
Audit Committee
NYSE standards. Listed U.S. companies must have an Audit Committee that satisfies the requirements of Rule
10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that complies with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and
of Section 303A.07 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual.
Eni standards. At its Meeting of March 22, 2005, the Board of Directors, as permitted by the rules of the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission applicable to foreign issuers listed on regulated U.S. markets, assigned to the
Board of Statutory Auditors, effective from June 1, 2005 and within the limits set by Italian law, the functions specified
and the responsibilities assigned to the Audit Committee of such foreign issuers by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the U.S.
SEC rules (see “Item 6 – Board of Statutory Auditors” earlier).
Under Section 303A.07 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, audit committees of U.S. companies have
additional functions and duties which are not mandatory for non-U.S. private issuers and which are therefore not
included in the list of functions reported in “Item 6 – Board of Statutory Auditors”.
Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee
NYSE standards. U.S. listed companies must have a Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee (or equivalent
body) composed entirely of independent Directors whose functions include, but are not limited to, selecting qualified
191
candidates for the office of Director for submission to the Shareholders’ Meeting, as well as developing and
recommending corporate governance guidelines to the Board of Directors. This provision is not binding for non-U.S.
private issuers.
Eni standards. Pursuant to the Corporate Governance Code, the Board of Directors shall establish among its
members a nomination committee the majority of whose member shall be independent Directors.
On July 28, 2011, the Board of Directors of Eni established the Nomination Committee, chaired by the Chairman
of the Board of Directors, Giuseppe Recchi, and composed of the Chairmen of the other Board Committees: Alessandro
Lorenzi (Chairman of the Control and Risk Committee), Alessandro Profumo (Chairman of the Oil-Gas Energy
Committee) and Mario Resca (Chairman of the Compensation Committee). The Nomination Committee is made up of
three to four Directors, a majority of whom are independent in accordance with the recommendations of the Corporate
Governance Code29. Further details on this Committee are reported in the Item 6.
Compensation Committee
NYSE standards. U.S. listed companies must have a Compensation Committee composed entirely of independent
Directors who must satisfy the independence requirements provided for its members. The Compensation Committee
must have a written charter that addresses the Committee’s purpose and responsibilities within the limit set forth by the
listing rules. The Compensation Committee may, in its sole discretion, retain or obtain the advice of a compensation
consultant, independent legal counsel or other adviser and shall be directly responsible for the appointment,
compensation and oversight of the work of any compensation consultant, independent legal counsel or other adviser
retained by it. These provisions are not binding for non-U.S. private issuers.
Eni standards. Pursuant to the Corporate Governance Code, the Board of Directors shall establish among its
members a Compensation Committee made up of four non-executive Directors, all of whom shall be independent or,
alternatively, a majority of whom shall be independent. In the latter case, the Chairman of the Committee shall be
chosen from among the independent Directors. At least one of the Committee’s members shall have an adequate
understanding of and experience in financial matters or compensation policies.
First established by the Board of Directors in 1996, the Compensation Committee is currently chaired by Director
Mario Resca. The other members include directors Carlo Cesare Gatto, Roberto Petri and Alessandro Profumo. Further
details on this Committee are reported in the Item 6.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
NYSE standards. he NYSE listing standards require each U.S. listed company to adopt a Code of Business
Conduct and Ethics for its directors, officers and employees, and to promptly disclose any waivers of the code for
directors or executive officers.
Eni standards. At its meetings of December 15, 2003, and January 28, 2004, the Board of Directors of Eni
approved an organizational, management and control model pursuant to Italian Legislative Decree No. 231 of 2001
(hereinafter “Model 231”) and established the associated Eni Watch Structure. Moreover, after subsequent approvals of
the updates to Model 231 in response to changes in the Italian legislation governing the matter and in the Company
organizational structures, on March 14, 2008, the Board of Directors approved the overall revision of Model 231 and
adopted Eni’s Code of Ethics – replacing the previous version of Eni’s Code of Conduct of 1998. Eni’s Code of Ethics,
which is an integral part of Model 231, sets out a clear definition of the value system that Eni recognizes, accepts and
upholds and the responsibilities that Eni assumes internally and externally in order to ensure that all its business
activities are conducted in compliance with the law, in a context of fair competition, with honesty, integrity, correctness
and in good faith, respecting the legitimate interests of all the stakeholders with whom Eni interacts on an ongoing
basis. These include shareholders, employees, suppliers, customers, commercial and financial partners, and the local
communities and institutions of the countries where Eni operates. All Eni personnel, without exception or distinction,
starting with Directors, senior management and members of the Company’s bodies, as also required under U.S. SEC
rules and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, are committed to observing and enforcing the principles set out in the Code of Ethics
in the performance of their functions and duties. The synergies between the Code of Ethics and Model 231 are
underscored by the designation of the Eni Watch Structure, established under Model 231, as the Guarantor of the Code
of Ethics. The Guarantor of the Code of Ethics acts to ensure the protection and promotion of the above principles.
Every six months, it presents a report on the implementation of the Code to the Control and Risk Committee, to the
Board of Statutory Auditors and to the Chairman and the CEO, who in turn reports on this to the Board of Directors.
The composition of the Model 231 Watch Structure – initially formed of only three members – was modified in 2007
(29)
The Committee is currently made up of four Directors, three of whom are independent. The Chairman is not independent pursuant to the Corporate Governance
Code which provides that the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall not be considered independent being a “significant representative” of the Company.
192
with the inclusion of two external members, one of whom was appointed the Chairman of the Watch Structure itself,
selected from among academics and professionals with proven experience in economic and business management
matters. The internal members are the Senior Executive Vice President Legal Affairs, Executive Vice President Human
Resources and Organization and Senior Executive Vice President Internal Audit of the Company. On May 19, 2011, the
Board of Directors, with the favorable opinion of the Board of Statutory Auditors, appointed the current members of the
Watch Structure.
Item 16H. Mine safety disclosure
Not applicable since Eni does not engage in mining operations.
193
Item 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Index to Financial Statements:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and January 1, 2012
Consolidated profit and loss account for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
Consolidated Statements of comprehensive income
for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
Consolidated Statements of changes in shareholder’s equity
for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
Consolidated Statement of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Page
F-1
F-3
F-4
F-5
F-6
F-9
F-11
Item 19. EXHIBITS
1. By-laws of Eni SpA
8. List of subsidiaries
11. Code of Ethics
Certifications:
12.1. Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act
12.2. Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act
13.1. Certification furnished pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act (such certificate is not
deemed filed for purpose of Section 18 of the Exchange Act and not incorporated by reference with any filing under the
Securities Act)
13.2. Certification furnished pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act (such certificate is not
deemed filed for purpose of Section 18 of the Exchange Act and not incorporated by reference with any filing under the
Securities Act)
15.a(i) Report of DeGolyer and MacNaughton
15.a(ii) Report of Ryder Scott Co
194
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Eni SpA
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Eni SpA as of
December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated profit and loss account and
consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013. These financial
statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to
express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of
material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the
amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material
respects, the consolidated financial position of Eni SpA at December 31, 2013 and 2012, and
the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with International Financial Reporting
Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
As discussed in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the
manner in which it accounts interests in joint arrangements in 2013 as a result of adopting new
International Financial Reporting Standards.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Eni SpA’s internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated
Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
Commission (“1992 framework”) and our report dated April 10, 2014 expressed an unqualified
opinion thereon.
/s/ Reconta Ernst & Young SpA
Rome, Italy
April 10, 2014
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Eni SpA
We have audited Eni SpA’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,
2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control–Integrated Framework issued by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission “1992 framework” (the
COSO criteria). Eni SpA management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control
over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over
financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal
Control over Financial Reporting on page 187. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on
the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial
reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an
understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material
weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal
control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered
necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and
procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately
and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of
financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that
receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with
authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable
assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or
disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial
statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not
prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future
periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Eni SpA maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over
financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Eni SpA as of
December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated profit and loss account and
consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013 and our report dated
April 10, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Reconta Ernst & Young SpA
Rome, Italy
April 10, 2014
F-2
Jan. 1, 2012 (a)
Total amount
ASSETS
Current assets
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012 (a)
Dec. 31, 2013
Note
Total amount
of which with
related parties
Total amount
of which with
related parties
1,869
15
320
42
264
2,160
17
1,691 Cash and cash equivalents ....................................................
(7)
7,936
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)
(32)
(22)
(27)
(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
(28)
(29)
(30)
(31)
(32)
(33)
Other financial assets
held for trading .....................................................................
266 Other financial assets available for sale ..............................
24,626 Trade and other receivables .................................................
Inventories .............................................................................
549 Current tax assets ..................................................................
1,400 Other current tax assets ........................................................
2,319 Other current assets ..............................................................
7,650
38,501
Non-current assets
2,435
10,905
74,981 Property, plant and equipment .............................................
Inventory - compulsory stock ..............................................
Intangible assets ....................................................................
5,024 Equity-accounted investments .............................................
399 Other investments .................................................................
1,227 Other financial assets ............................................................
5,564 Deferred tax assets ................................................................
4,225 Other non-current receivables ..............................................
104,760
230 Assets held for sale .............................................................
143,491 TOTAL ASSETS ................................................................
LIABILITIES
AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities
4,241 Short-term debt .....................................................................
2,190 Current portion of long-term debt .......................................
22,971 Trade and other payables .....................................................
Income taxes payable ...........................................................
2,109
1,924 Other taxes payable ..............................................................
2,242 Other current liabilities .........................................................
35,677
Non-current liabilities
23,024 Long-term debt .....................................................................
12,708 Provisions for contingencies ................................................
1,288 Provisions for employee benefits ........................................
7,125 Deferred tax liabilities ..........................................................
3,464 Other non-current liabilities .................................................
47,609
Liabilities directly associated
24 with assets held for sale ......................................................
83,310 TOTAL LIABILITIES ......................................................
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY ..........................................
4,761 Non-controlling interest .....................................................
Eni shareholders’ equity
4,005 Share capital ..........................................................................
Reserve related to cash flow hedging
49 derivatives net of tax effect ..................................................
53,143 Other reserves .......................................................................
(6,753) Treasury shares .....................................................................
(1,884) Interim dividend ....................................................................
6,860 Net profit ...............................................................................
55,420 Total Eni shareholders’ equity .........................................
60,181 TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY ...........................
TOTAL LIABILITIES
237
28,618
8,578
771
1,239
1,617
48,996
64,798
2,541
4,487
3,453
5,085
913
5,005
4,398
90,680
516
140,192
2,032
3,015
23,666
1,633
2,188
1,418
33,952
19,145
13,567
1,407
6,745
2,598
43,462
361
77,775
3,357
4,005
(16)
49,438
(201)
(1,956)
7,790
59,060
62,417
2,594
8
334
43
154
1,583
6
16
5,431
5,004
235
28,890
7,939
802
835
1,325
50,461
63,763
2,573
3,876
3,153
3,027
858
4,658
3,676
85,584
2,296
138,341
2,553
2,132
23,701
755
2,291
1,437
32,869
20,875
13,120
1,279
6,750
2,259
44,283
140
77,292
2,839
4,005
(154)
51,393
(201)
(1,993)
5,160
58,210
61,049
143,491 AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY ................................
140,192
138,341
___________________
(a)
See note 4 – “Financial statements and changes in accounting policies” for information on the restatement of comparative amounts as a result of the adoption
of new IFRS effective from 2013.
F-3
CONSOLIDATED PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT
((cid:1) million except as otherwise stated)
2011
2012 (a)
2013
Total
amount
of which with
related
parties
Total
amount
of which with
related
parties
Total
amount
of which with
related
parties
Note
(36) 107,690
926
108,616
3,477 127,109
1,548
128,657
41
3,622
57
114,697
1,387
116,084
3,184
33
REVENUES
Net sales from operations ................................................
Other income and revenues .............................................
OPERATING EXPENSES ..........................................
Purchases, services and other .........................................
- of which non-recurring charge (income) .....................
Payroll and related costs .................................................
OTHER OPERATING (EXPENSE) INCOME .......
DEPRECIATION, DEPLETION,
AMORTIZATION AND IMPAIRMENTS ...............
OPERATING PROFIT ................................................
FINANCE INCOME (EXPENSE) ..............................
Finance income ................................................................
Finance expense ...............................................................
Finance expense from financial instruments
held for trading, net .........................................................
Finance expense from derivative
financial instruments, net ................................................
INCOME (EXPENSE) FROM INVESTMENTS .....
Share of profit (loss) of equity-accounted investments .
Other gain (loss) from investments ................................
- of which gain on disposals of the 28.57%
of Eni East Africa BV ....................................................
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAXES .......................
Income taxes ....................................................................
Net profit for the year - Continuing operations ........
Net profit (loss) for the year
- Discontinued operations .............................................
Net profit for the year - Continuing operations ........
Attributable to Eni
Continuing operations .....................................................
Discontinued operations ..................................................
(37)
(44)
(37)
(37)
(38)
(39)
(40)
Attributable to non-controlling interest .....................
Continuing operations .....................................................
Discontinued operations ..................................................
(33)
Earnings per share attributable to Eni ((cid:1) per share)(41)
Basic .................................................................................
Diluted ..............................................................................
Earnings per share attributable to Eni
- Continuing operations ((cid:1) per share) ............................
Basic .................................................................................
Diluted ..............................................................................
(41)
___________________
78,795
69
4,404
171
8,785
16,803
5,880
95,034
6,093
90,003
7,897
33
32
4,640
(158)
21
10
5,301
(71)
41
68
13,617
15,208
11,821
8,888
6,376
(7,410)
49
(1)
7,208
(8,327)
28
(2)
5,732
(6,653)
41
(85)
(112)
(1,146)
500
1,623
2,123
17,780
(9,903)
7,877
(74)
7,803
6,902
(42)
6,860
975
(32)
943
1.89
1.89
1.90
1.90
338
400
(252)
(1,371)
186
2,603
2,789
16,626
(11,679)
4,947
3,732
8,679
4,200
3,590
7,790
747
142
889
2.15
2.15
1.16
1.16
2,234
4
(92)
(1,009)
222
5,863
3,359
6,085
13,964
(9,005)
4,959
4,959
5,160
5,160
(201)
(201)
1.42
1.42
1.42
1.42
(a)
See note 4 – “Financial statements and changes in accounting policies” for information on the restatement of comparative amounts as a result of the adoption
of new IFRS effective from 2013.
F-4
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
((cid:1) million)
Net profit .....................................................................
Other items of comprehensive income
Items not to be reclassified to profit
or loss in subsequent periods
Revaluations of defined benefit plans ........................
Share of other comprehensive income
on equity-accounted entities in relation
to revaluations of defined benefit plans ......................
Tax effect ......................................................................
Other comprehensive income to be reclassified
to profit or loss in subsequent periods
Foreign currency translation differences ....................
Change in the fair value of investments .....................
Change in the fair value of other
available-for-sale financial instruments .....................
Change in the fair value
of cash flow hedging derivatives ................................
Share of other comprehensive income
on equity-accounted entities ........................................
Tax effect ......................................................................
Total other items of comprehensive income ..........
Total comprehensive income ....................................
Attributable to:
Eni .................................................................................
Non-controlling interest ...............................................
___________________
Note
2011
2012 (a)
2013
7,803
8,679
4,959
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(151)
65
2
53
(96)
(716)
141
16
(103)
8
32
(622)
(718)
7,961
7,096
865
7,961
(3)
(40)
22
(1,871)
(64)
(1)
(198)
63
(2,071)
(2,049)
2,910
3,164
(254)
2,910
1,031
(6)
352
(13)
(128)
1,236
1,236
9,039
8,097
942
9,039
(a)
See note 4 – “Financial statements and changes in accounting policies” for information on the restatement of comparative amounts as a result of the adoption
of new IFRS effective from 2013.
F-5
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
((cid:1) million)
Eni shareholders’ equity
Reserve
related to
the fair
value of
cash flow
hedging
derivatives
net of the
tax effect
Reserve
related to
the fair
value of
available-
for-sale
financial
instruments
net of the
tax effect
Note
Share
capital
Legal
reserve of
Eni SpA
Reserve for
treasury
shares
Reserve for
defined
benefit
plans net of
tax effect
Cumulative
currency
translation
differences
Other
reserves
Treasury
shares
Retained
earnings
Interim
dividend
Net profit
for the year
Total
Non-
controlling
interest
Total
shareholders’
equity
Balance at December 31,
2010
Net profit of the year
Other items of
comprehensive income
Other comprehensive
income to be reclassified
to profit or loss in
subsequent periods
Foreign currency
translation differences
Change in the fair value of
other available-for-sale
financial instruments net
of tax effect
Change in the fair value of
cash flow hedge
derivatives net of tax
effect
Share of “Other
comprehensive income”
on equity-accounted
entities
Total comprehensive
income of the year
Transactions with
shareholders
Dividend distribution of
Eni SpA ((cid:1)0.50 per share
in settlement of 2010
interim dividend of (cid:1)0.50
per share)
Interim dividend
distribution of Eni SpA
((cid:1)0.52 per share)
Dividend distribution of
other companies
Allocation of 2010 net
profit
Payments by minority
shareholders
Acquisition of
non-controlling interest
relating to Altergaz SA
and Tigáz Zrt
Effect related to the
purchase of Italgas SpA
by Snam SpA
Treasury shares sold
following the exercise of
stock options exercised by
Eni managers
Treasury shares sold
following the exercise of
stock options by Saipem
and Snam managers
Non-controlling interest
excluded following the
sale of Eni Acqua
Campania SpA and the
divestment of the control
stake in the share capital
of Petromar Lda
Other changes in
shareholders’ equity
Cost related to stock
options
Stock options expired
Other changes
Balance at December 31,
2011
4,005
959 6,756
(174 )
(3 )
1,518
539 (6,756 ) 39,855 (1,811 ) 6,318 51,206 4,522 55,728
943 7,803
6,860 6,860
1,000
31
1,031
1,031
(5 )
(5 )
(5 )
223
223
223
223
(5 )
(12 )
(12 ) 1,000
223
(5 )
(12 ) 1,000
31
31
(12 )
1,237
(1 )
(13 )
(1 ) 1,236
6,860 8,097
942 9,039
1,811 (3,622 ) (1,811 )
(1,811 )
(1,884 )
(1,884 )
(1,884 )
2,696
(2,696 )
(571 )
(571 )
26
26
(94 )
(5 )
(25 )
(119 )
(7 )
(126 )
(5 )
5
(3 )
3
3
3
3
14
(10 )
4
13
17
(3 )
(85 )
3 2,664
(73 ) (6,318 ) (3,812 )
(10 )
(10 )
(544 ) (4,356 )
4,005
959 6,753
49
(8 )
1,421 1,539 (6,753 ) 42,531 (1,884 ) 6,860 55,472 4,921 60,393
2
(7 )
(14 )
(19 )
2
(7 )
(14 )
(19 )
2
(7 )
(13 )
(18 )
1
1
F-6
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY continued
((cid:1) million)
Eni shareholders’ equity
Reserve
related to
the fair
value of
cash flow
hedging
derivatives
net of the
tax effect
Reserve
related to
the fair
value of
available-
for-sale
financial
instruments
net of the
tax effect
Note
Share
capital
Legal
reserve of
Eni SpA
Reserve for
treasury
shares
Reserve for
defined
benefit
plans net of
tax effect
Cumulative
currency
translation
differences
Other
reserves
Treasury
shares
Retained
earnings
Interim
dividend
Net profit
for the year
Total
Non-
controlling
interest
Total
shareholders’
equity
4,005
959 6,753
49
(8 )
1,421 1,539 (6,753 ) 42,531 (1,884 ) 6,860 55,472 4,921 60,393
4,005
959 6,753
49
(8 )
1,421 1,539 (6,753 ) 42,479 (1,884 ) 6,860 55,420 4,761 60,181
889 8,679
7,790 7,790
(52 )
(52 )
(9 )
(61 )
(151 )
(151 )
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(88 )
(88 )
138
14
(88 )
(10 )
(98 )
(88 )
2
(8 )
2
(96 )
(597 )
(104 )
(701 )
(15 )
(716 )
138
138
14
14
(65 )
(65 )
(1 )
(66 )
(65 )
152
8
8
(597 )
(104 )
8
(606 )
8
(622 )
(16 )
(65 )
152
(88 )
8
(597 )
(104 )
7,790 7,096
865 7,961
1,884 (3,768 ) (1,884 )
(1,884 )
(1,956 )
(1,956 )
(1,956 )
(681 )
(681 )
3,092
(3,092 )
371
371 (1,602 ) (1,231 )
(4 )
(3 )
(7 )
1
1
1
1
1 3,464
29
7
(72 ) (6,860 ) (3,465 ) (2,264 ) (5,729 )
22
(4 )
7
3
6,551
(6,000 )
(7 )
1,156
6,551 (4,851 )
(1,140 )
(1,140 )
(7 )
16
9
(5 )
(5 )
(7 )
11
4
(1 )
(1 )
(6,551 )
6,000
(551 )
(33) 4,005
959 6,201
(16 )
144
(88 )
292
942
(201 ) 40,988 (1,956 ) 7,790 59,060 3,357 62,417
F-7
Balance at December 31,
2011
Changes in accounting
principles (IFRS 10 and
11)
Changes in accounting
principles (IAS 19)
Balance at January 1,
2012
Net profit of the year
Other items of
comprehensive income
Items not to be
reclassified to profit or
loss in subsequent periods
Revaluations of defined
benefit plans net of tax
effect
Share of “Other
comprehensive income”
on equity-accounted
entities in relation to
revaluations of defined
benefit plans net of tax
effect
Other comprehensive
income to be reclassified
to profit or loss in
subsequent periods
Foreign currency
translation differences
Change in the fair value of
investments net of tax
effect
Change in the fair value of
other available-for-sale
financial instruments net
of tax effect
Change in the fair value of
cash flow hedge
derivatives net of tax
effect
Share of “Other
comprehensive income”
on equity-accounted
entities
Total comprehensive
income of the year
Transactions with
shareholders
Dividend distribution of
Eni SpA ((cid:1)0.52 per share
in settlement of 2011
interim dividend of (cid:1)0.52
per share)
Interim dividend
distribution of Eni SpA
((cid:1)0.54 per share)
Dividend distribution of
other companies
Allocation of 2011 net
profit
Effect related to the sale
of Snam SpA
Acquisition of
non-controlling interest
relating to Altergaz SA
and Tigáz Zrt
Treasury shares sold
following the exercise of
stock options exercised by
Eni managers
Treasury shares sold
following the exercise of
stock options by Saipem
managers
Other changes in
shareholders’ equity
Elimination of treasury
shares
Reconstitution of the
reserve for treasury share
Stock options expired
Other changes
Balance at December 31,
2012
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY continued
((cid:1) million)
Eni shareholders’ equity
Reserve
related to
the fair
value of
cash flow
hedging
derivatives
net of the
tax effect
Reserve
related to
the fair
value of
available-
for-sale
financial
instruments
net of the
tax effect
Note
Share
capital
Legal
reserve of
Eni SpA
Reserve for
treasury
shares
Reserve for
defined
benefit
plans net of
tax effect
Cumulative
currency
translation
differences
Other
reserves
Treasury
shares
Retained
earnings
Interim
dividend
Net profit
for the year
Total
Non-
controlling
interest
Total
shareholders’
equity
(33)
4,005
959 6,201
(16 )
144
(88 )
292
942
(201 ) 40,988 (1,956 ) 7,790 59,060 3,357 62,417
(201 ) 4,959
5,160 5,160
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
(33)
18
(1 )
17
18
7
25
(1 )
17
(2 )
5
(3 )
22
(1 )
(1,640 )
(171 )
(1,812 )
(59 ) (1,871 )
(62 )
(1 )
(62 )
(62 )
(1 )
(1 )
(138 )
(138 )
(63 )
(1 )
(1,640 )
(171 )
(138 )
(2,013 )
1
(137 )
(58 ) (2,071 )
(138 )
(63 )
16
(1,640 )
(171 )
5,160 3,164
(254 ) 2,910
(829 ) 1,956 (3,083 ) (1,956 )
(1,956 )
(1,993 )
(1,993 )
(1,993 )
(250 )
(250 )
4,707
(4,707 )
4
4
(32 )
(28 )
4
3,878
(37 ) (7,790 ) (3,945 )
1
1
1
1
(280 ) (4,225 )
(32 )
(13 )
(24 )
(69 )
(32 )
(13 )
(24 )
(69 )
32
(16 )
16
(13 )
(40 )
(53 )
(33)
4,005
959 6,201
(154 )
81
(72 )
296
(698 )
(201 ) 44,626 (1,993 ) 5,160 58,210 2,839 61,049
Balance at December 31,
2012
Net profit of the year
Other items of
comprehensive income
Items not to be
reclassified to profit or
loss in subsequent periods
Revaluations of defined
benefit plans net of tax
effect
Share of “Other
comprehensive income”
on equity-accounted
entities in relation to
revaluations of defined
benefit plans net of tax
effect
Other comprehensive
income to be reclassified
to profit or loss in
subsequent periods
Foreign currency
translation differences
Change in the fair value of
investments net of tax
effect
Change in the fair value of
other available-for-sale
financial instruments net
of tax effect
Change in the fair value of
cash flow hedge
derivatives net of tax
effect
Total comprehensive
income of the year
Transactions with
shareholders
Dividend distribution of
Eni SpA ((cid:1)0.54 per share
in settlement of 2012
interim dividend of (cid:1)0.54
per share)
Interim dividend
distribution of Eni SpA
((cid:1)0.55 per share)
Dividend distribution of
other companies
Allocation of 2012 net
profit
Acquisition of
non-controlling interest
relating to Tigáz Zrt
Payments and
reimbursements by/to
minority shareholders
Treasury shares sold
following the exercise of
stock options by Saipem
managers
Other changes in
shareholders’ equity
Elimination of
intercompany profit
between companies with
different Group interest
Stock options expired
Other changes
Balance at December 31,
2013
F-8
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
((cid:1) million)
Net profit of the year - Continuing operations ...........
Adjustments to reconcile net profit to net cash
provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization ....................................
Impairments of tangible and intangible assets, net ....
Share of (profit) loss
of equity-accounted investments .................................
Gain on disposal of assets, net ....................................
Dividend income ..........................................................
Interest income .............................................................
Interest expense ............................................................
Income taxes .................................................................
Other changes ...............................................................
Changes in working capital:
- inventories ..................................................................
- trade receivables .......................................................
- trade payables ............................................................
- provisions for contingencies .....................................
- other assets and liabilities ........................................
Cash flow from changes in working capital ...............
Net change in the provisions for employee benefits ..
Dividends received ......................................................
Interest received ...........................................................
Interest paid ..................................................................
Income taxes paid, net of tax receivables received ....
Net cash provided by operating activities
- Continuing operations ............................................
Net cash provided by operating activities
- Discontinued operations .........................................
Net cash provided by operating activities ..............
- of which with related parties ...................................
Investing activities:
- tangible assets ............................................................
- intangible assets ........................................................
- consolidated subsidiaries and businesses ................
- investments .................................................................
- securities ....................................................................
- financing receivables .................................................
- change in payables and receivables in relation
to investing activities and capitalized
depreciation ...............................................................
Cash flow from investing activities ............................
Disposals:
- tangible assets ............................................................
- intangible assets ........................................................
- consolidated subsidiaries and businesses ................
- investments .................................................................
- securities ....................................................................
- financing receivables .................................................
- change in payables and receivables
in relation to disposals ..............................................
Cash flow from disposals ............................................
Net cash used in investing activities ........................
- of which with related parties ...................................
___________________
Note
2011
2012 (a)
2013
7,877
4,947
4,959
(37)
(37)
(39)
(39)
(40)
(43)
(15)
(17)
(34)
(18)
(34)
(43)
7,755
1,030
(500)
(1,176)
(659)
(99)
773
9,903
331
9,645
3,972
(186)
(875)
(431)
(94)
808
11,679
(1,947)
9,421
2,400
(222)
(3,770)
(400)
(142)
711
9,005
(1,882)
(1,400)
218
34
109
(657)
(1,402)
(3,161)
2,014
329
(1,061)
350
(1,379)
703
59
723
(1,696)
(10)
955
99
(927)
(9,893)
(3,281)
17
930
79
(829)
(11,882)
456
6
630
97
(942)
(9,301)
13,763
12,552
11,026
619
14,382
(639)
(11,658)
(1,780)
(115)
(245)
(62)
(715)
15
12,567
(1,117)
(11,267)
(2,294)
(178)
(391)
(17)
(1,542)
11,026
(2,911)
(10,913)
(1,887)
(25)
(292)
(5,048)
(978)
379
(14,196)
54
(15,635)
50
(19,093)
154
41
1,006
711
128
695
243
2,978
(11,218)
(800)
1,240
61
3,521
1,203
54
1,431
(252)
7,258
(8,377)
1,485
514
16
3,401
2,429
36
1,561
155
8,112
(10,981)
(390)
(a)
See note 4 – “Financial statements and changes in accounting policies” for information on the restatement of comparative amounts as a result of the adoption
of new IFRS effective from 2013.
F-9
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS continued
((cid:1) million)
Note
2011
2012 (a)
2013
Proceeds from long-term debt .....................................
Repayments of long-term debt ....................................
Increase (decrease) in short-term debt ........................
(27)
(27)
(22)
Net capital contributions
by non-controlling interest ..........................................
Sale of treasury shares .................................................
Net acquisition of treasury shares
different from Eni SpA ................................................
Acquisition of additional interests
in consolidated subsidiaries .........................................
Dividends paid to Eni’s shareholders .........................
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest .................
Net cash used in financing activities .......................
- of which with related parties ...................................
Effect of change in consolidation
(inclusion/exclusion of significant
/insignificant subsidiaries) ...........................................
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
and cash equivalents and other changes .....................
Net cash flow of the year ...........................................
Cash and cash equivalents
- beginning of the year ...............................................
Cash and cash equivalents - end of the year ..........
___________________
4,474
(889)
(2,481)
1,104
26
3
17
(126)
(3,695)
(552)
(3,223)
348
(7)
17
(49)
(43)
(7)
(7)
1,549
1,500
10,506
(3,961)
(731)
5,814
5,418
(4,720)
1,017
1,715
1
1
(28)
(3,949)
(250)
(2,510)
119
2
(42)
(2,505)
7,936
5,431
29
604
(3,840)
(536)
2,071
(93)
(4)
(12)
6,245
1,691
7,936
(a)
See note 4 – “Financial statements and changes in accounting policies” for information on the restatement of comparative amounts as a result of the adoption
of new IFRS effective from 2013.
F-10
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
1 Basis of presentation
The Consolidated Financial Statements of Eni Group have been prepared in accordance with International
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Oil and
natural gas exploration and production activity is accounted for in conformity with internationally accepted
accounting standards. Specifically, this concerns the determination of the amortization expenses using the
unit-of-production method and the recognition of the production sharing agreement and buy-back contracts. The
Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, taking into account where
appropriate of any value adjustments, except for certain items that under IFRS must be recognized at fair value as
described in the summary of significant accounting policies paragraph.
The 2013 Consolidated Financial Statements approved by Eni’s Board of Directors on March 17, 2014, were
audited by the independent auditor Reconta Ernst & Young SpA. The independent auditor of Eni SpA, as the main
auditor, is wholly in charge of the auditing activities of the Consolidated Financial Statements; when there are other
independent auditors, it takes the responsibility of their work. Amounts in the financial statements and in the notes
are expressed in millions of euros ((cid:1) million).
2 Principles of consolidation
Subsidiaries
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the financial statements of Eni SpA and those of its
subsidiaries. Control of an investee exists when the investor is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its
involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. To have
power over an investee, the investor must have existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant
activities of the investee.
For entities acting as sole-operator in the management of oil and gas contracts on behalf of companies
participating in a joint project, the activities are financed proportionally based on a budget approved by the
participating companies upon presentation of periodical reports of proceeds and expenses. Costs and revenues and
other operating data (production, reserves, etc.) of the project, as well as the related obligations arising from the
project, are recognized proportionally directly in the financial statements of the companies involved. Some
subsidiaries are not consolidated because they are immaterial, either individually or overall; this exclusion has not
produced significant1 effects on the Consolidated Financial Statements. These investments are accounted for as
described below under the item “Non-current financial assets”.
The income and expense of a subsidiary are included in the consolidated financial statements from the
acquisition date until the date when the parent ceases to control the subsidiary. Assets and liabilities, revenues and
expenses related to fully-consolidated subsidiaries are wholly incorporated in the Consolidated Financial
Statements; the book value of these subsidiaries is eliminated against the corresponding share of the shareholders’
equity. Equity and net profit of non-controlling interests are included in specific lines of equity and profit and loss
account.
The purchase of additional equity interests in subsidiaries from non-controlling interests is recognized in the
Group shareholders’ equity and represents the excess of the amount paid over the carrying value of the
non-controlling interests acquired; similarly, the effects of the sale of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries
without loss of control are recognized in equity. Conversely, the sale of equity interests with loss of control
determines the recognition in the profit and loss account of: (i) any gain/loss calculated as the difference between the
consideration received and the corresponding transferred share of equity; (ii) any gain or loss recognized as a result
of remeasuring to fair value any investment retained in the former subsidiary; and (iii) any amount related to the
former subsidiary previously recognized in other comprehensive income which can be reclassified subsequently to
profit and loss account2. Any investment retained in the former subsidiary is recognized at its fair value at the date
when control is lost and shall be accounted for in accordance with the applicable measurement criteria. Subsidiaries’
financial statements are audited by external auditors who audit also the information required for the preparation of
the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(1)
(2)
According to the requirements of the Framework of international accounting standards, information is material if its omission or misstatement could influence
the economic decisions that users make on the basis of the financial statements.
Conversely, any component related to the former subsidiary previously recognized in other comprehensive income, which can not be reclassified subsequently
to profit and loss account, are reclassified within retained earnings.
F-11
Business combinations
Business combination transactions are recognized by applying the acquisition method. The consideration
transferred in a business combination is measured at the acquisition date and is the sum of the fair value of the assets
transferred, the liabilities incurred, as well as any equity instruments issued by the acquirer. Acquisition-related
costs are recognized in profit and loss account when they are incurred. At the acquisition date, the acquirer shall
measure the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition-date fair values3, unless IFRSs
provide exceptions to this measurement principle. The surplus of the cost of investment over the Group’s share of
the net fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities is recognized as goodwill; a gain from a bargain purchase is
recognized in the profit and loss account.
Any non-controlling interest is measured as the proportionate share in the recognized amounts of the acquiree’s
identifiable net assets at the acquisition date (partial goodwill method); as an alternative, it is allowed the
recognition of the entire amount of goodwill deriving from the acquisition, including also the goodwill attributable
to non-controlling interests (full goodwill method). In the last case, non-controlling interests are measured at their
fair value which therefore includes the goodwill attributable to them4. The choice of measurement basis of goodwill
(partial goodwill method vs. full goodwill method) is made on a transaction-by-transaction basis.
In a business combination achieved in stages, the purchase price is determined by summing the fair value of
previously held equity interest in the acquiree and the consideration transferred for the acquisition of control; the
previously held equity interest is remeasured at its acquisition-date fair value and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is
recognized in profit and loss account. Furthermore, on acquisition of control, any amount of the acquiree previously
recognized in other comprehensive income is charged to profit and loss account or in another item of equity, when
the amount cannot be reclassified to profit and loss account.
If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which
the combination occurs, the provisional amounts recognized at the acquisition date shall be retrospectively adjusted
within one year from the acquisition date, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that
existed as of the acquisition date.
Interests in joint arrangements
A joint arrangement is an arrangement of which two or more parties have joint control. Joint control is the
contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant
activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.
A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights
to the net assets of the arrangement. Investments in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method as
described in the item “Non-current financial assets”.
A joint operation is a joint arrangement where the parties have rights to the assets and obligations for the
liabilities relating to the arrangement. Eni recognizes, on a line-by-line basis in the Consolidated Financial
Statements, its share of the assets, liabilities and expenses of these joint operations incurred jointly with the other
partners, along with the Group’s income from the sale of its share of the output and any liabilities and expenses that
the Group has incurred in relation to the joint operation.
Interests in associates
An associate is an entity over which Eni has significant influence, through the power to participate in the
financial and operating policy decisions of the investee; investments in associates are accounted for using the equity
method as described in the item “Non-current financial assets”.
Intercompany transactions
Intercompany transactions and balances, including unrealized profits arising from intragroup transactions have
been eliminated.
(3)
(4)
Fair value measurement principles are described below under the item “Fair value measurements”.
The choice between partial goodwill and full goodwill method is made also for business combinations resulting in the recognition of a gain on bargain
purchase in profit and loss account.
F-12
Unrealized profits on transactions between the Group and its equity-accounted entities are eliminated to the
extent of the Group’s interest in the equity-accounted entity. In both cases, unrealized losses are not eliminated as
evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred.
Foreign currency translation
Financial statements of foreign companies having a functional currency other than the euro, that represents the
Group’s functional currency, are translated into euro using the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date for
assets and liabilities, historical exchange rates for equity and average exchange rates for the profit and loss account
(source: Bank of Italy). The cumulative amount of exchange rate differences is presented in the separate component
of the Group shareholders’ equity “Cumulative currency translation differences”. Where the foreign subsidiary is
not wholly owned, the accumulated exchange differences that are attributable to non-controlling interests are
allocated to, and recognized as part of, “Non-controlling interest”. Cumulative exchange rate differences are charged
to the profit and loss account when the entity disposes the entire interest in a foreign operation or at the loss of
control of a foreign subsidiary. In these cases, cumulative exchange rate differences are recognized in the profit and
loss account’s item “Other gain (loss) from investments”. On a partial disposal that does not involve loss of control
of a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, the proportionate share of the cumulative exchange rate differences
is reattributed to the non-controlling interests in that foreign operation.
Financial statements of foreign subsidiaries which are translated into euro are denominated in the functional
currencies of the Countries where the entities operate. The U.S. dollar is the prevalent functional currency for the
entities that do not use the euro.
The main foreign exchange rates used to translate the financial statements adopting a different functional
currency are indicated below:
(currency amount for (cid:1)1)
Annual
average
exchange rate
2011
Exchange
rate at
Dec. 31, 2011
Annual
average
exchange rate
2012
Exchange
rate at
Dec. 31, 2012
Annual
average
exchange rate
2013
Exchange
rate at
Dec. 31, 2013
U.S. dollar ......................................................
Pound sterling ................................................
Norwegian krone ...........................................
Australian dollar ............................................
Hungarian forint ............................................
1.39
0.87
7.79
1.35
279.37
1.29
0.84
7.75
1.27
314.58
1.28
0.81
7.48
1.24
289.25
1.32
0.82
7.35
1.27
292.30
1.33
0.85
7.81
1.38
296.87
1.38
0.83
8.36
1.54
297.04
3 Summary of significant accounting policies
The most significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements are
described below.
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits, as well as financial assets originally due
within 90 days, readily convertible to known amount of cash and subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
Available-for-sale financial assets include financial assets other than derivative financial instruments, loans and
receivables, held for trading financial assets and held-to-maturity financial assets.
Held-for-trading financial assets and available-for-sale financial assets are measured at fair value with gains or
losses recognized in the profit and loss account under “Finance income (expense)” and to the equity reserve5 related
to other comprehensive income, respectively. Changes in fair value of available-for-sale financial assets recognized
in equity are charged to the profit and loss account when the assets are derecognized or impaired. The objective
evidence that an impairment loss has occurred is verified considering, interalia, significant breaches of contracts,
serious financial difficulties or the risk of bankruptcy and other financial reorganization of the counterparty;
impairment losses of available-for-sale financial assets are included in the carrying amount. Interest and dividends
(5)
Changes in the carrying amount of available-for-sale financial assets relating to changes in a foreign exchange rates are recognized in the profit and loss
account.
F-13
on financial assets measured at fair value are accounted for on an accrual basis in “Finance income (expense)”6 and
“Other gain (loss) from investments”, respectively. When the purchase or sale of a financial asset is under a contract
whose terms require delivery of the asset within the time frame established generally by regulation or convention in
the market place concerned, the transaction is accounted for on the settlement date.
Receivables are measured at amortized cost (see item “Non-current financial assets” below). Transferred
financial assets are derecognized when the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial assets are
transferred together with the risks and rewards of the ownership. Inventories, including compulsory stocks and
excluding construction contracts, are stated at the lower of purchase or production cost and net realizable value. Net
realizable value is the net amount expected to be realized from the sale of inventories in the normal course of
business, or, with reference to inventories of crude oil and petroleum products already included in binding sale
contracts, the contractual sale price. Inventories which are principally acquired with the purpose of selling in the
near future and generating a profit from fluctuations in price are measured at fair value less costs to sell. The cost for
inventories of hydrocarbons (crude oil, condensates and natural gas) and petroleum products is determined by
applying the weighted-average cost method on a three-month basis, or monthly, when it is justified by the use and
the turnover of inventories of crude oil and petroleum products; the cost for inventories of the Versalis segment is
determined by applying the weighted average cost on an annual basis.
Construction contracts are measured using the cost-to-cost method, whereby contract revenue is recognized by
reference to the stage of completion of the contract matching it with the contract costs incurred in reaching that stage
of completion. Advances are deducted from inventories within the limits of accrued contractual considerations; any
excess of such advances over the value of the inventories is recorded as a liability. Losses related to construction
contracts are recognized immediately as an expense when it is probable that total contract costs will exceed total
contract revenues.
Construction contract not yet invoiced, whose payment will be made in a foreign currency, is translated into
euro using the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date and the effect of rate changes is reflected in the
profit and loss account.
When take-or-pay clauses are included in long-term natural gas purchase contracts, uncollected gas volumes
which imply the “pay” clause, measured using the price formulas contractually defined, are recognized under “Other
assets” as “Deferred costs” as a contra to “Other payables” or, after the settlement, to “Cash and cash equivalents”.
The allocated deferred costs are charged to the profit and loss account: (i) when natural gas is actually delivered –
the related cost is included in the determination of the weighted-average cost of inventories; and (ii) for the portion
which is not recoverable, when it is not possible to collect gas that was previously uncollected within the
contractually defined deadlines. Furthermore, the allocated deferred costs are tested for economic recoverability by
comparing the related carrying amount and their net realizable value, determined adopting the same criteria
described for inventories. Hedging instruments are described in the item “Derivatives”.
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment7
Tangible assets, including investment properties, are recognized using the cost model and stated at their
purchase or construction cost including any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset into operation. In
addition, when a substantial period of time is required to make the asset ready for use, the purchase price or
construction cost includes the borrowing costs incurred that could have otherwise been avoided if the expenditure
had not been made. In the case of a present obligation for the dismantling and removal of assets and the restoration
of sites, the carrying value includes, with a corresponding entry to a specific provision, the estimated (discounted)
costs to be incurred at the moment the asset is retired. Changes in estimate of the carrying amounts of provisions due
to the passage of time and changes in discount rates are recognized under “Provisions for contingencies”8. Property,
plant and equipment are not revalued for financial reporting purposes. Assets carried under financial leasing or
concerning arrangements that do not take the legal form of a finance lease but substantially transfer all the risks and
rewards of ownership of the leased asset are recognized at fair value, net of grants attributable to the lessee or, if
lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Leased assets are included within property, plant and
equipment. A corresponding financial debt payable to the lessor is recognized as a financial liability. These assets
(6)
(7)
(8)
Interests accrued on financial assets held for trading impact the total fair value measurement of the instrument and are recognized, within the item “Finance
income (expense)”, in the sub-item “Net finance income on financial assets held for trading”. Conversely, interests accrued on financial assets available-for-
sale are recognized, within the item “Finance income (expense)”, in the sub-item “Finance income”.
Recognition and evaluation criteria of exploration and production activities are described in the section “Exploration and production activities” below.
The Company recognizes material provisions for the retirement of assets in the Exploration & Production segment. No significant asset retirement obligations
associated with any legal obligations to retire refining, marketing and transportation (downstream) and chemical long-lived assets are generally recognized, as
undetermined settlement dates for asset retirements do not allow a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the associated retirement obligation. The Company
performs periodic reviews of its downstream and chemical long-lived assets for any changes in facts and circumstances that might require recognition of a
retirement obligation.
F-14
are depreciated using the criteria described below. When the renewal is not reasonably certain, leased assets are
depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. Expenditures on renewals,
improvements and transformations which provide additional economic benefits are recognized as items of property,
plant and equipment when it is probable that they will increase the expected future economic benefits of the asset.
Tangible assets, from the moment they begin or should begin to be used, are depreciated systematically using a
straight-line method over their useful life which is an estimate of the period over which the assets will be used by
the Company. When tangible assets are composed of more than one significant element with different useful lives,
each component is depreciated separately. The amount to be depreciated is the book value less the residual value at
the end of the useful life, if it is significant and can be reasonably determined. Land is not depreciated, even when
purchased with a building. Tangible assets held for sale are not depreciated (see item “Assets held for sale and
discontinued operations” below). A change in the depreciation method, deriving from changes in the asset’s useful
life, in its residual value or in the pattern of consumption of the economic benefits embodied in the asset, shall be
recognized prospectively. Assets that can be used free of charge by third parties are depreciated over the shorter
term of the duration of the concession or the asset’s useful life. Replacement costs of identifiable components in
complex assets are capitalized and depreciated over their useful life; the residual book value of the component that
has been substituted is charged to the profit and loss account. Expenditures for ordinary maintenance and repairs are
expensed as incurred. The carrying value of property, plant and equipment is reviewed for impairment whenever
events indicate that the carrying amounts for those assets may not be recoverable. The recoverability of an asset is
assessed by comparing its carrying value with the recoverable amount, which is the higher of fair value less costs to
sell or its value-in-use. Value-in-use is the present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from the use
of the asset and, if significant and reasonably determinable, the cash flows deriving from its disposal at the end of its
useful life, net of disposal costs. Expected cash flows are determined on the basis of reasonable and supportable
assumptions that represent management’s best estimate of the range of economic conditions that will exist over the
remaining useful life of the asset, giving greater weight to external evidence. Oil, natural gas and petroleum products
prices (and to prices for products which derive there from) used to quantify the expected future cash flows are
estimated based on forward prices prevailing in the marketplace for the first four years and management’s long-term
planning assumptions thereafter. Discounting is carried out at a rate that reflects a current market valuation of the
time value of money and of those specific risks of the asset that are not reflected in the estimate of the future cash
flows. In particular, the discount rate used is the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) adjusted for the
specific Country risk of the activity. The evaluation of the specific Country risk to be included in the discount rate is
provided by external parties. WACC differs considering the risk associated with each operating segments; in
particular for the assets belonging to the Gas & Power and Engineering & Construction segments, taking into
account their different risk compared with Eni as a whole, specific WACC rates have been defined (for Gas
& Power segment on the basis of a sample of companies operating in the same segment; for Engineering
& Construction segment on the basis of the market quotation); WACC used for impairment reviews in the Gas
& Power segment is adjusted to take into consideration the risk premium of the specific Country of the activity
while WACC used for impairment reviews in the Engineering & Construction segment is not adjusted for Country
risk as most of the assets are not located in a specific Country. For the other segments, a single WACC is used
considering that the risk is the same to that of Eni as a whole. Value-in-use is calculated net of the tax effect as this
method results in values similar to those resulting from discounting pre-tax cash flows at a pre-tax discount rate
deriving, through an iteration process, from a post-tax valuation. Valuation is carried out for each single asset or, if
the recoverable amount of a single asset cannot be determined, for the smallest identifiable group of assets that
generates independent cash inflows from their continuous use, the so-called “cash generating unit”. When an
impairment loss no longer exists, a reversal of the impairment loss is recognized in the profit and loss account. The
reversal cannot exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no
impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.
Intangible assets
Intangible assets are identifiable assets without physical substance, controlled by the Company and able to
produce future economic benefits, and goodwill acquired in business combinations. An asset is classified as
intangible when management is able to distinguish it clearly from goodwill. This condition is normally met when:
(i) the intangible asset arises from contractual or legal rights, or (ii) the asset is separable, i.e. can be sold,
transferred, licensed, rented or exchanged, either individually or together with other assets. An entity controls an
asset if it has the power to obtain the future economic benefits flowing from the underlying asset and to restrict the
access of others to those benefits. Intangible assets are initially stated at cost as determined by the criteria used for
tangible assets and they are not revalued for financial reporting purposes. Intangible assets with a definite useful life
are amortized systematically over their useful life estimated as the period over which the assets will be used by the
Company; the amount to be amortized and the recoverability of the carrying amount are determined in accordance
with the criteria described in the item “Property, plant and equipment”.
Goodwill and other intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are not amortized. Their carrying values are
reviewed for impairment at least annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the
F-15
carrying value may be impaired. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the lowest level within the entity at which it is
monitored for internal management purposes. When the carrying amount of the cash generating unit, including
goodwill allocated thereto, calculated considering any impairment loss of the non-current assets belonging to the
cash generating unit, exceeds its recoverable amount9, the excess is recognized as an impairment loss. The
impairment loss is first allocated to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill; any remaining excess to be allocated to
the assets of the unit is applied pro-rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. Impairment
charges against goodwill are not reversed10. Costs of technological development activities are capitalized when:
(i) the cost attributable to the development activity can be reliably determined; (ii) there is the intention, availability
of financial and technical resources to make the asset available for use or sale; and (iii) it can be demonstrated that
the asset is able to generate future economic benefits. Intangible assets also include public to private service
concession arrangements concerning the development, financing, operation and maintenance of infrastructures
under concession, in which the grantor: (i) controls or regulates what services the operator must provide with the
infrastructure, and at what price; and (ii) controls – by the ownership, beneficial entitlement or otherwise – any
significant residual interest in the infrastructure at the end of the concession arrangement. According to the
agreements, the operator has the right to operate the infrastructure, controlled by the grantor, in order to provide the
public service11.
Exploration and production activities12
Acquisition of mineral rights
Costs associated with the acquisition of mineral rights are capitalized in connection with the assets acquired
(such as exploratory potential, probable and possible reserves and proved reserves). When the acquisition is related
to a set of exploratory potential and reserves, the cost is allocated to the different assets acquired on the basis of the
value of the expected discounted cash flows. Expenditure for the exploratory potential, represented by the costs for
the acquisition of the exploration permits and for the extension of existing permits, is recognized under “Intangible
assets” and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of the exploration as contractually established. If the
exploration is abandoned, the residual expenditure is charged to the profit and loss account. Acquisition costs for
proved reserves and for possible and probable reserves are recognized in the balance sheet as assets. Costs
associated with proved reserves are amortized on a UOP basis, as detailed in the section “Development”,
considering both developed and undeveloped reserves. Expenditures associated with possible and probable reserves
are not amortized until classified as proved reserves; in case of a negative result, the costs are charged to the profit
and loss account.
Exploration
Costs associated with exploratory activities for oil and gas producing properties incurred both before and after
the acquisition of mineral rights (such as acquisition of seismic data from third parties, test wells and geophysical
surveys) are initially capitalized in order to reflect their nature as an investment and subsequently amortized in full
when incurred.
Development
Development expenditures are those costs incurred to obtain access to proved reserves and to provide facilities
for extracting, gathering and storing oil and gas. They are then capitalized within property, plant and equipment and
amortized generally on a UOP basis, as their useful life is closely related to the availability of economically
producible reserves. This method provides for residual costs at the end of each quarter to be amortized at a rate
representing the ratio between the volumes extracted during the quarter and the proved developed reserves existing
at the end of the quarter, increased by the volumes extracted during the quarter. This method is applied with
reference to the smallest aggregate representing a direct correlation between development expenditures and proved
developed reserves. Costs related to unsuccessful development wells or damaged wells are expensed immediately as
losses on disposal. Development costs are tested for impairment in accordance with the criteria described in the
section “Property, plant and equipment”.
Production
Production costs are those costs incurred to operate and maintain wells and field equipment and are expensed
as incurred.
(9)
(10)
For the definition of recoverable amount see item “Property, plant and equipment”.
Impairment charges recognized in an interim period are not reversed also when, considering conditions existing in a subsequent interim period, they would
have been recognized in a smaller amount or would not have been recognized.
(11) When the operator has an unconditional contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset from or at the direction of the grantor, considerations
(12)
received or receivable by the operator for construction or upgrade of infrastructure are recognized as a financial asset.
IFRS does not have specific criteria for hydrocarbon exploration and production activities. Eni continues to use existing accounting policies for exploration
and evaluation of assets previously applied before the introduction of IFRS 6 “Exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources”.
F-16
Production sharing agreements and buy-back contracts
Oil and gas reserves related to production-sharing agreements and buy-back contracts are determined on the
basis of contractual clauses related to the repayment of costs incurred for the exploration, development and
production activities executed through the use of Company’s technologies and financing (cost oil) and the
Company’s share of production volumes not destined to cost recovery (profit oil). Revenues from the sale of the
production entitlements against both cost oil and profit oil are accounted for on an accrual basis whilst exploration,
development and production costs are accounted for according to the policies mentioned above. The Company’s
share of production volumes and reserves representing the profit oil includes the share of hydrocarbons which
corresponds to the taxes to be paid, according to the contractual agreement, by the national government on behalf of
the Company. As a consequence, the Company has to recognize at the same time an increase in the taxable profit,
through the increase of the revenues, and a tax expense.
Retirement
Costs expected to be incurred with respect to the retirement of a well, including costs associated with removal
of production facilities, dismantlement and site restoration, are capitalized, consistently with the policy described
under “Property, plant and equipment”, and then amortized on a UOP basis.
Grants
Grants related to assets are recognized as a reduction of purchase price or production cost of the related assets
when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions attaching to them, agreed upon with the grantor government,
have been fulfilled. Grants not related to capital expenditure are recognized in the profit and loss account on an
accrual basis matching the related costs when incurred.
Non-current financial assets
Investments
Investments in subsidiaries excluded from consolidation, joint ventures and associates are accounted for using
the equity method13. Under the equity method, investments are initially recognized at cost, allocating any difference
between the cost of the investment and the investor’s share of the net fair value of the investee’s identifiable net
assets analogously to the recognition principles of business combination. Subsequently, the carrying amount is
adjusted to reflect: (i) the investor’s share of the post-acquisition profit or loss of the investee; and (ii) the investor’s
share of the investee’s other comprehensive income. The changes in the equity of investees accounted for using the
equity method, not arising from the profit or loss or from the other comprehensive income, are recognized in the
investor’s profit and loss account, as they represent, basically, a gain or loss from a disposal of an interest of the
investee’s equity. Distributions received from an investee are recorded as a reduction of the carrying amount of the
investment. In applying the equity method, consolidations adjustments are considered (see also “Principles of
consolidation” paragraph). When there is objective evidence of impairment (see also item “Current assets”), the
recoverability is tested by comparing the carrying amount and the related recoverable amount determined by
adopting the criteria indicated in the item “Property, plant and equipment”. Subsidiaries excluded from
consolidation, joint ventures and associates are accounted for at cost, net of impairment losses if this does not result
in a misrepresentation of the Company’s financial condition. When an impairment loss no longer exists, a reversal
of the impairment loss is recognized in profit and loss account within “Other gain (loss) from investments”. The
reversal cannot exceed the previously recognized impairment losses.
The sale of equity interests with loss of joint control or significant influence over the investee determines the
recognition in the profit and loss account of: (i) any gain/loss calculated as the difference between the consideration
received and the corresponding transferred share; (ii) any gain or loss recognized as a result of remeasuring to fair
value any investment retained in the former joint venture/associate14; and (iii) any amount related to the former joint
venture/associate previously recognized in other comprehensive income which can be reclassified subsequently to
profit and loss account15. Any investment retained in the former joint venture/associate is recognized at its fair value
at the date when joint control or significant influence are lost and shall be accounted for in accordance with the
applicable measurement criteria. Other investments, included in non-current assets, are recognized at their fair value
and their effects are included in the equity reserve related to other comprehensive income; the changes in fair value
recognized in equity are charged to the profit and loss account when it is impaired or realized. Galp and Snam shares
related to convertible bonds are measured at fair value through profit and loss account, under the fair value option,
(13)
(14)
(15)
In the case of step acquisition of a significant influence (or joint control), the investment is recognized, at the acquisition date of significant influence (joint
control), at the amount deriving from the use of the equity method assuming the adoption of this method since initial acquisition; the “step-up” of the carrying
amount of interests owned before the acquisition of significant influence (joint control) is taken to equity.
If the retained investment continues to be accounted for using the equity method, no remeasurement to fair value is recognized in profit and loss account.
Conversely, any component related to the former joint venture/associate previously recognized in other comprehensive income, which can not be reclassified
subsequently to profit and loss account, are reclassified within retained earnings.
F-17
in order to significantly reduce the accounting mismatch with the recognition of the option embedded in the
convertible bond, measured at fair value through profit and loss account. When investments are not traded in a
public market and their fair value cannot be reasonably determined, they are accounted for at cost, net of impairment
losses; impairment losses shall not be reversed16. The investor’s share of losses of an investee, that exceeds its
interest in the investee, is recognized in a specific provision only to the extent the investor is required to fulfill legal
or constructive obligations of the investee or to cover its losses.
Receivables and financial assets to be held to maturity
Receivables and financial assets to be held to maturity are stated at cost represented by the fair value of the
initial exchanged amount adjusted to take into account direct external costs related to the transaction (e.g. fees of
agents or consultants, etc.). The initial carrying value is then adjusted to take into account principal repayments,
reductions for impairment or uncollectibility and amortization of any difference between the maturity amount and
the initial amount. Amortization is carried out on the basis of the effective interest rate represented by the rate that
equalizes, at the moment of the initial recognition, the present value of expected cash flows to the initial carrying
amount (so-called “amortized cost method”). Receivables for finance leases are recognized at an amount equal to
the present value of the lease payments and the purchase option price or any residual value; the amount is
discounted at the interest rate implicit in the lease. If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss has been
incurred (see also point “Current assets”), the impairment loss is measured by comparing the carrying value with the
present value of the expected cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate as defined at initial recognition, or
at the moment of its updating to reflect re-pricings contractually established. Receivables and financial assets to be
held to maturity are presented net of the allowance for impairment losses; when the impairment loss is definite the
allowance for impairment losses is reversed for charges, otherwise for excess. Changes to the carrying amount of
receivables or financial assets in accordance with the amortized cost method are recognized as “Finance income
(expense)”.
Assets held for sale and discontinued operations
Non-current assets and current and non-current assets included within disposal groups, are classified as held for
sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through their
continuing use. For this to be the case, the sale must be highly probable and the asset or the disposal group must be
available for immediate sale in its present condition. Non-current assets held for sale, current and non-current assets
included within disposal groups that have been classified as held for sale and the liabilities directly associated with
them are recognized in the balance sheet separately from the entity’s other assets and liabilities. Non-current assets
held for sale are not depreciated and they are measured at the lower of the fair value less costs to sell and their
carrying amount. After the classification as held for sale of equity-accounted investments, the investment, or the
portion of the investment, that meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, is no longer accounted for using the
equity method. Any retained portion of the equity-accounted investment that has not been classified as held for sale
is accounted for using the equity method until disposal of the portion that is classified as held for sale takes place.
After the disposal takes place, any retained investment is measured consistently with the applicable IFRSs.
Any difference between the carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell is taken to the profit and loss
account as an impairment loss; any subsequent reversal is recognized up to the cumulative impairment losses,
including those recognized prior to qualification of the asset as held for sale. Non-current assets and current and
non-current assets included within disposal groups, classified as held for sale, are considered a discontinued
operation if, alternatively: (i) represent a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; (ii) are
part of a disposal program of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; or (iii) are a
subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. The results of discontinued operations, as well as any gain or
loss recognized on the disposal, are indicated in a separate profit and loss account item, net of the related tax effects;
the economic figures of discontinued operations are indicated also for prior periods presented in the financial
statements. When there is a sale plan involving loss of control of a subsidiary, all the assets and liabilities of that
subsidiary are classified as held for sale, regardless of whether a non-controlling interest in its former subsidiary will
be retain after the sale.
Financial liabilities
Debt is measured at amortized cost (see item “Non-current financial assets” above). Financial liabilities are
derecognized when they are extinguished, or when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled
or expires.
(16)
Impairment charges recognized in an interim period are not reversed also when, considering conditions existing in a subsequent interim period, they would
have been recognized in a smaller amount or would not have been recognized.
F-18
Provisions for contingencies
Provisions for contingencies are liabilities for expenses and charges of a definite nature and whose existence is
certain or probable but for which at year end the timing or amount of future expenditure is uncertain. Provisions are
recognized when: (i) there is a present obligation, legal or constructive, as a result of a past event; (ii) it is probable
that the settlement of that obligation will result in an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits; and
(iii) the amount of the obligation can be reliably estimated. The amount recognized as a provision is the best
estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date or to transfer it to third
parties at that time. The amount recognized for onerous contracts is the lower of the cost necessary to fulfill the
obligations, net of expected economic benefits deriving from the contracts, and any indemnity or penalty arising
from failure to fulfill these obligations. If the effect of the time value is material, and the payment date of the
obligations can be reasonably estimated, provisions to be accrued are the present value of the expenditures expected
to be required to settle the obligation at a discount rate that reflects the Company’s average borrowing rate taking
into account the risks associated with the obligation. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is
recognized as “Finance income (expense)”. When the liability regards a tangible asset (e.g. site dismantling and
restoration), the provision is stated with a corresponding entry to the asset to which it refers. Charges to the profit
and loss account are made with the amortization process. Costs that the Company expects to bear in order to carry
out restructuring plans are recognized when the Company has a detailed formal plan for the restructuring and has
raised a valid expectation in the affected parties that it will carry out the restructuring. Provisions are periodically
reviewed and adjusted to reflect changes in the estimates of costs, timing and discount rates. Changes in provisions
are recognized in the same profit and loss account item that had previously held the provision, or, when the liability
regards tangible assets (i.e. site dismantling and restoration), changes in the provision are recognized with a
corresponding entry to the assets to which they refer, to the extent of the assets’ carrying amounts; any excess
amount is recognized to the profit and loss account. In note 28 – Provisions for contingencies, the following
contingent liabilities are described: (i) possible, but not probable obligations arising from past events, whose
existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not
wholly within the Company’s control; and (ii) present obligations arising from past events whose amount cannot be
reliably measured or whose settlement will probably not result in an outflow of resources embodying economic
benefits.
Provisions for employee benefits
Post-employment benefit plans, including informal arrangements, are classified as either defined contribution
plans or defined benefit plans depending on the economic substance of the plan as derived from its principal terms
and conditions. In the first case, the Company’s obligation, which consists of making payments to the State or a trust
or a fund, is determined on the basis of contributions due. The liabilities related to defined benefit plans, net of any
plan assets, are determined on the basis of actuarial assumptions and charged on an accrual basis during the
employment period required to obtain the benefits. Net interest includes the return on plan assets and the interests
cost to be recognized in the profit and loss account. Net interest is measured by applying to the liability, net of any
plan assets, the discount rate used to calculate the present value of the liability; net interest of defined benefit plans
is recognized in “Finance income (expense)”. Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, comprising
actuarial gains and losses, resulting from changes in the actuarial assumptions used or from changes arising from
experience adjustments, and the return on plan assets excluding amounts included in net interest, are recognized
within statement of comprehensive income. Furthermore, in presence of net assets, changes in their value different
from those included in net interest are recognized within statement of comprehensive income. Obligations for
long-term benefits are determined by adopting actuarial assumptions. The effects of remeasurements are taken to
profit and loss account in their entirety.
Treasury shares
Treasury shares are recognized as deductions from equity at cost. Gains or losses resulting from subsequent
sales are recognized in equity.
Revenues and costs
Revenues associated with sales of products and services are recognized when significant risks and rewards of
ownership have passed to the customer or when the transaction can be considered settled and the associated revenue
can be reliably measured. In particular, revenues are recognized for the sale of:
• crude oil, generally upon shipment;
• natural gas, upon delivery to the customer;
• petroleum products sold to retail distribution networks, generally upon delivery to the service stations,
whereas all other sales of petroleum products are generally recognized upon shipment; and
• chemical products and other products, generally upon shipment.
F-19
Revenues are recognized upon shipment when, at that date, significant risks are transferred to the buyer.
Revenues from crude oil and natural gas production from properties in which Eni has an interest together with other
producers are recognized on the basis of Eni’s net working interest in those properties (entitlement method).
Differences between Eni’s net working interest volume and actual production volumes are recognized at current
prices at year end. Revenues related to partially rendered services are recognized by reference to the stage of
completion, provided that: (i) the amount of revenues can be measured reliably; (ii) it is probable that the economic
benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity; (iii) the stage of completion of the transaction at the
end of the reporting period can be measured reliably; and (iv) the related costs can be measured reliably. When the
outcome of the transaction involving the rendering of services cannot be estimated reliably, revenue is recognized
only to the extent of the expenses recognized that are recoverable. Revenues accrued during the year related to
construction contracts are recognized on the basis of contractual revenues with reference to the stage of completion
of a contract measured on the cost-to-cost basis. For service concession arrangements (see item “Intangible assets”
above) in which customers fees do not provide a reliable distinction between the compensation for
construction/update of the infrastructure and the compensation for operating it and in the absence of external
benchmarks, revenues recognized during the construction/update phase are limited to the amount of the costs
incurred. Additional revenues, derived from a change in the scope of work, are included in the total amount of
revenues when it is probable that the customer will approve the variation and the related amount. Claims deriving
from additional costs incurred for reasons attributable to the customer are included in the total amount of revenues
when it is probable that the counterparty will accept them. Tangible assets, different from an infrastructure used in
service concession arrangements, transferred from customers (or constructed using cash transferred from customers)
and used to connect them to a network to supply goods and services, are recognized at their fair value as an offset to
revenues. When more than one separately identifiable service is provided (for example, connection to a network and
supply of goods) the entity shall assess for which one service it receives the transferred asset from the customer and
it shall consistently recognize a revenue when the connection is delivered or over the lesser period between the
length of the supply and the useful life of the transferred asset. Revenues are measured at the fair value of the
consideration received or receivable net of returns, discounts, rebates, bonuses and related taxation. Award credits,
related to customer loyalty programs, are recognized as a separate component of the sales transaction which grants
the right to customers. Therefore, the portion of revenues related to the fair value of award credits granted is
recognized as an offset to the item “Other liabilities”. The liability is charged to the profit and loss account in the
period in which the award credits are redeemed by customers or the related right is lost. The exchange of goods and
services of a similar nature and value do not give rise to revenues and costs as they do not represent sale
transactions. Costs are recognized when the related goods and services are sold or consumed during the year, they
are systematically allocated or when their future economic benefits cannot be identified. Costs associated with
emission quotas, determined on the basis of the market prices, are recognized in relation to the amount of the carbon
dioxide emissions that exceed free allowances. Costs related to the purchase of the emission rights are recognized as
intangible assets net of any negative difference between the amount of emissions and the free allowances. Revenues
related to emission quotas are recognized when they are sold. In case of sale, if applicable, the acquired emission
rights are considered as the first to be sold. Monetary receivables granted as a substitution of emission rights
awarded free of charge are recognized as a contra to item “Other income and revenues” of the profit and loss
account. Operating lease payments are recognized in the profit and loss account over the length of the contract.
Payroll costs include stock options granted to managers, consistent with their actual remunerative nature. The
instruments granted are recorded at fair value on the vesting date and are not subject to subsequent adjustments; the
current portion is calculated pro-rata over the vesting period17. The fair value of stock options is determined using
valuation techniques which consider conditions related to the exercise of options, current share prices, expected
volatility and the risk-free interest rate. The fair value of stock options is recognized as a contra to the equity item
“Other reserves”. The costs for the acquisition of new knowledge or discoveries, the study of products or alternative
processes, new techniques or models, the planning and construction of prototypes or, in any case, costs incurred for
other scientific research activities or technological development, which cannot be capitalized (see item “Intangible
assets” above), are included in the profit and loss account when they are incurred.
Exchange rate differences
Revenues and costs associated with transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are translated
into the functional currency by applying the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and
liabilities denominated in currencies other than functional currency are converted by applying the year-end exchange
rate and the effect is stated in the profit and loss account. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in
currencies other than the functional currency valued at cost are translated at the initial exchange rate. Non-monetary
items that are measured at fair value, recoverable amount or net realizable value are translated using the exchange
rate at the date when the value is determined.
(17)
The period between the date of the award and the date at which the option can be exercised.
F-20
Dividends
Dividends are recognized at the date of the general shareholders’ meeting in which they were declared, except
when the sale of shares before the ex-dividend date is certain.
Income taxes
Current income taxes are determined on the basis of estimated taxable income. The estimated liability is
included in “Income taxes payable”. Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected
to be paid to (recovered from) the tax authorities, using tax rates and the tax laws that have been enacted or
substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax assets or liabilities are recognized for
temporary differences arising between the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and their tax bases, based on
tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted for future years. Deferred tax assets are
recognized when their recoverability is considered probable; in particular, deferred tax assets are recoverable when
it is probable that taxable income will be available in the same year as the reversal of the deductible temporary
difference. Similarly, deferred tax assets for the carry-forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses are
recognized to the extent that the recoverability is probable. Relating to the temporary differences associated with
investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint arrangements, the related deferred tax liabilities are not
recognized if the company is able to control the timing of reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable
that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are
included in non-current assets and liabilities and are offset at a single entity level if related to offsettable taxes. The
balance of the offset, if positive, is recognized in the item “Deferred tax assets”; if negative, in the item “Deferred
tax liabilities”. When the results of transactions are recognized directly in shareholders’ equity, the related current
and deferred taxes are also charged to the shareholders’ equity.
Derivatives
Derivatives, including embedded derivatives which are separated from the host contract, are assets and
liabilities measured at their fair value. Derivatives are designated as hedging instruments when the relationship
between the derivative and the hedged item is formally documented and the hedge is highly effective and regularly
reviewed. When hedging instruments hedge the risk of changes of the fair value of the hedged item (fair value
hedge, e.g. hedging of the variability on the fair value of fixed interest rate assets/liabilities), the derivatives are
measured at fair value through profit and loss account. Hedged items are consistently adjusted to reflect, in the profit
and loss account, the changes of fair value associated with the hedged risk; this applies even if the hedged item
should be otherwise measured. When derivatives hedge the cash flow variability risk of the hedged item (cash flow
hedge, e.g. hedging the variability on the cash flows of assets/liabilities as a result of the fluctuations of exchange
rate), the changes in the fair value of the derivatives, considered an effective hedge, are initially recognized in the
equity reserve related to other comprehensive income and then reclassifies to profit and loss account in the same
period during which the hedged transaction affects the profit and loss account. The changes in the fair value of
derivatives that do not meet the conditions required to qualify for hedge accounting are recognized in the profit and
loss account. In particular, the changes in the fair value of non-hedging derivatives on interest rates and exchange
rates are recognized in the profit and loss account item “Finance income (expense)”; conversely, the changes in the
fair value of non-hedging derivatives on commodities are recognized in the profit and loss account item “Other
operating (expense) income”. Economic effects of transactions to buy or sell commodities entered into to meet the
entity’s normal operating requirements and for which the settlement is provided with the delivery of the underlying,
are recognized on an accrual basis (the so-called normal sale and normal purchase exemption or own use
exemption).
Fair value measurements
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly
transaction between market participants (not in a forced liquidation or a distress sale) at the measurement date (exit
price). Fair value measurement is based on the market conditions existing at the measurement date and on the
assumptions of market participants (market-based measurement). A fair value measurement assumes that the
transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place in the principal market for the asset or liability, or in
the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market to which the entity has access, independently
from the entity’s intention to sell the asset or transfer the liability to be measured.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate
economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that
would use the asset in its highest and best use. Highest and best use is determined from the perspective of market
participants, even if the entity intends a different use; an entity’s current use of a non-financial asset is presumed to
F-21
be its highest and best use, unless market or other factors suggest that a different use by market participants would
maximize the value of the asset.
The fair value of a liability, both financial and non-financial, or of an equity instrument, in the absence of a
quoted price, is measured from the perspective of a market participant that holds the identical item as an asset at the
measurement date. The fair value of a liability reflects the effect of a non-performance risk. Non-performance risk
includes, but may not be limited to, an entity’s own credit risk.
In the absence of available market quotation, fair value is measured by using valuation techniques that are
appropriate in the circumstances, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of
unobservable inputs.
4 Financial statements and changes in accounting policies
Financial statements18
Assets and liabilities on the balance sheet are classified as current and non-current. Items on the profit and loss
account are presented by nature19. The statement of comprehensive income shows net profit integrated with income
and expenses that are recognized directly in equity according to IFRS. The statement of changes in shareholders’
equity includes the comprehensive income for the year, transactions with shareholders in their capacity as
shareholders and other changes in shareholders’ equity. The statement of cash flows is presented using the indirect
method, whereby net profit is adjusted for the effects of non-cash transactions.
Changes in accounting policies
The revised IAS 19 “Employee Benefits” (hereinafter “IAS 19”) requires immediately recognition of actuarial
gains and losses and the return on plan assets arising in connection with defined benefit plans. Remeasurements of
defined benefit plans are recognized in other comprehensive income. Previously, Eni applied the corridor method of
accounting under which amounts falling inside the corridor remained unrecognized, while amounts falling outside it
were recognized (amortized) in profit and loss account over the expected average remaining working lives of the
employees participating in the plan.
In May 2011, the IASB issued IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Statements” and IFRS 11 “Joint
Arrangements”. IFRS 10 provides a new definition of control to be consistently applied to all entities (included
vehicles). According to this definition, an entity controls an investee when it is exposed, or has rights, to its returns
from its involvement and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. IFRS 11
establishes a principle that applies to the accounting for all joint arrangements, whereby parties to the arrangement
account for their underlying contractual rights and obligations relating to the joint arrangement. IFRS 11 identifies
two types of joint arrangements. A “joint venture” is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control
of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the arrangement. A “joint operation” is a joint arrangement
whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the assets, and obligations for the
liabilities, relating to the arrangement. Investments in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method.
Investments in joint operations are accounted for by recognizing the group’s assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses
relating to the joint operation.
(18)
(19)
The financial statements are the same reported in the Annual Report on Form 20-F 2012, except for: (i) the statement of comprehensive income where, based
on the amendments of IAS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements”, other comprehensive income are grouped on the basis of their possibility to be
reclassified subsequently to profit and loss account in accordance with the applicable IFRSs (reclassification adjustments); and (ii) the adoption of the new
provisions of IAS 19, whose effects are described in the item “Changes in accounting policies”.
Further information on financial instruments as classified in accordance with IFRS is provided in note 35 – Guarantees, commitments and risks - Other
information about financial instruments.
F-22
The main impact of these new standards relates to certain of the Group’s former jointly controlled entities,
which were equity-accounted, now fall under the definition of a joint operation under IFRS 11.
The opening balances at January 1, 2012 and comparative information for year ended December 31, 2012 have
been restated in the Consolidated Financial Statements as a result of the adoption of IFRS 10 “Consolidated
Financial Statements”, IFRS 11 “Joint Arrangements” and the amended IAS 19 “Employee Benefits”. The
quantitative impact on the financial statements is provided below:
((cid:1) million)
Selected line items only
As reported
IFRS 10
/IFRS 11
IAS 19R
As restated
January 1, 2012
Current assets ........................................................................................... 38,195
Non-current assets .................................................................................... 104,520
- of which property, plant and equipment .............................................. 73,578
- of which equity-accounted investments ................................................
5,843
Current liabilities ..................................................................................... 35,632
Non-current liabilities .............................................................................. 46,896
1,039
- of which provision for employee benefit ..............................................
Total Shareholders’ Equity ...................................................................... 60,393
December 31, 2012
Current assets ........................................................................................... 48,742
Non-current assets .................................................................................... 90,383
- of which property, plant and equipment .............................................. 63,466
- of which equity-accounted investments ................................................
4,265
Current liabilities ..................................................................................... 33,986
Non-current liabilities .............................................................................. 42,581
- of which provision for employee benefit ..............................................
982
Total Shareholders’ Equity ...................................................................... 62,713
2012
Revenue .................................................................................................... 128,766
Operating profit ........................................................................................ 15,026
(1,307)
Finance income and expense ...................................................................
2,881
Income (expense) from investments .......................................................
8,673
Net profit for the period ...........................................................................
7,788
- attributable to Eni ..................................................................................
- attributable to non-controlling interest .................................................
885
Net cash provided by operating activities .............................................. 12,371
(8,291)
Net cash used in investing activities .......................................................
2,201
Net cash used in financing activities ......................................................
6,265
Net cash flow for the period ....................................................................
203
182
1,403
(815)
45
491
27
(151)
128
185
1,332
(810)
(34)
488
32
(141)
(109)
137
(24)
(92)
3
3
196
(86)
(130)
(20)
103
58
(4)
222
222
(61)
126
112
(2)
393
393
(155)
45
(40)
3
2
1
38,501
104,760
74,981
5,024
35,677
47,609
1,288
60,181
48,996
90,680
64,798
3,453
33,952
43,462
1,407
62,417
128,657
15,208
(1,371)
2,789
8,679
7,790
889
12,567
(8,377)
2,071
6,245
Disclosures regarding interest in other entities are presented according to IFRS 12 “Disclosure of interests in
other entities” that is effective starting from January 1, 2013.
Furthermore, starting from January 1, 2013, IFRS 13 “Fair value measurement” is effective which provides a
framework for fair value measurements, required or permitted by other IFRSs, and for the disclosures about fair
value measurements. The effect of adoption of IFRS 13 is not material.
5 Use of accounting estimates
The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions that
affect the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses reported in the financial statements, as well as amounts included
in the notes thereto, including discussion and disclosure of contingent liabilities. Estimates made are based on
complex or subjective judgments and past experience of other assumptions deemed reasonable in consideration of
the information available at the time. The accounting policies and areas that require the most significant judgments
and estimates to be used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements are in relation to the accounting
for oil and natural gas activities, specifically in the determination of proved and proved developed reserves,
F-23
impairment of fixed assets, intangible assets and goodwill, asset retirement obligations, business combinations,
pensions and other post-retirement benefits, recognition of environmental liabilities and recognition of revenues in
the oilfield services construction and engineering businesses. Although the Company uses its best estimates and
judgments, actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used. A summary of significant estimates
follows.
Oil and gas activities
Engineering estimates of the Company’s oil and gas reserves are inherently uncertain. Proved reserves are the
estimated volumes of crude oil, natural gas and gas condensates, liquids and associated substances which geological
and engineering data demonstrate that can be economically producible with reasonable certainty from known
reservoirs under existing economic conditions and operating methods. Although there are authoritative guidelines
regarding the engineering and geological criteria that must be met before estimated oil and gas reserves can be
designated as “proved”, the accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the quality of available data,
engineering and geological interpretation and judgment. Field reserves will only be categorized as proved when all
the criteria for attribution of proved status have been met. At this stage, all booked reserves are classified as proved
undeveloped. Volumes are subsequently reclassified from proved undeveloped to proved developed as a
consequence of development activity. The first proved developed bookings occur at the point of first oil or gas
production. Major development projects typically take one to four years from the time of initial booking to the start
of production. Eni reassesses its estimate of proved reserves periodically. The estimated proved reserves of oil and
natural gas may be subject to future revision and upward and downward revision may be made to the initial booking
of reserves due to production, reservoir performance, commercial factors, acquisition and divestment activity and
additional reservoir development activity. In particular, changes in oil and natural gas prices could impact the
amount of Eni’s proved reserves in regards to the initial estimate and, in the case of production sharing agreements
and buy-back contracts, the share of production and reserves to which Eni is entitled. Accordingly, the estimated
reserves could be materially different from the quantities of oil and natural as that ultimately will be recovered. Oil
and natural gas reserves have a direct impact on certain amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Estimated proved reserves are used in determining depreciation and depletion expenses and impairment expense.
Depreciation and depletion rates on oil and gas assets using the UOP basis are determined from the ratio between
the amount of hydrocarbons extracted in the quarter and proved developed reserves existing at the end of the quarter
increased by the amounts extracted during the quarter. Assuming all other variables are held constant, an increase in
estimated proved developed reserves for each field decreases depreciation and depletion expense. Conversely, a
decrease in estimated proved developed reserves increases depreciation and depletion expense. In addition,
estimated proved reserves are used to calculate future cash flows from oil and gas properties, which are used to
assess any impairment loss. The larger is the volume of estimated reserves, the lower is the likelihood of asset
impairment.
Impairment of assets
Assets are impaired when there are events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying values of the
assets are not recoverable. Such impairment indicators include changes in the Group’s business plans, changes in
commodity prices leading to unprofitable performance, a reduced utilization of the plants and, for oil and gas
properties, significant downward revisions of estimated proved reserve quantities or significant increase of the
estimated development costs. Determination as to whether and how much an asset is impaired involves management
estimates on highly uncertain and complex matters such as future commodity prices, the effects of inflation and
technology improvements on operating expenses, production profiles and the outlook for global or regional market
supply and demand conditions for crude oil, natural gas, commodity chemicals and refined products. Similar
remarks are valid for the physical recoverability of assets recognized in the balance sheet (deferred costs – see also
item “Current assets”) related to natural gas volumes not collected under long-term purchase contracts with
take-or-pay clauses as well as for the recoverability of deferred tax assets. The amount of an impairment loss is
determined by comparing the book value of an asset with its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the
greater of fair value net of disposal cost or the value-in-use. The estimated value-in-use is based on the present
values of expected future cash flows net of disposal costs. The expected future cash flows used for impairment
analyses are based on judgmental assessments of future production volumes, prices and costs, considering available
information at the date of review and are discounted by using a rate which considers the risks specific to the asset.
For oil and natural gas properties, the expected future cash flows are estimated principally based on developed and
non-developed proved reserves including, among other elements, production taxes and the costs to be incurred for
the reserves yet to be developed. Oil, natural gas and petroleum product prices (and prices from products which are
derived there from) used to quantify the expected future cash flows are estimated based on forward prices prevailing
in the marketplace for the first four years and management’s long-term planning assumptions thereafter. The
estimate of the future amount of production is based on assumptions related to the commodity future prices, lifting
and development costs, field decline rates, market demand and other factors. The discount rate reflects the current
F-24
market valuation of the time value of money and of the specific risks of the asset not reflected in the estimate of the
future cash flows. Goodwill and other intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortization.
The Company tests for impairment such assets at the cash-generating unit level on an annual basis and whenever
there is an indication that they may be impaired. In particular, goodwill impairment is based on the lowest level
(cash generating unit) to which goodwill can be allocated on a reasonable and consistent basis. A cash generating
unit is the smallest aggregate on which the Company, directly or indirectly, evaluates the return on the capital
expenditure. If the recoverable amount of a cash generating unit is lower than the carrying amount, goodwill
attributed to that cash generating unit is impaired up to that difference; if the carrying amount of goodwill is lower
than the amount of the impairment loss, the assets of the cash generating unit are impaired pro-rata on the basis of
their carrying amount for the residual difference.
Asset retirement obligations
Obligations to remove tangible equipment and restore land or seabed require significant estimates in calculating
the amount of the obligation and determining the amount required to be recorded presently in the Consolidated
Financial Statements. Estimating future asset retirement obligations is complex. It requires management to make
estimates and judgments with respect to removal obligations that will come to term many years into the future and
contracts and regulations are often unclear as to what constitutes removal. In addition, the ultimate financial impact
of environmental laws and regulations is not always clearly known as asset removal technologies and costs
constantly evolve in the Countries where Eni operates, as do political, environmental, safety and public
expectations. The subjectivity of these estimates is also increased by the accounting method used that requires
entities to record the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period when it is incurred
(typically, at the time the asset is installed at the production location). When provisions are initially recognized, the
related fixed assets are increased by an equal corresponding amount. Then the carrying amount of provisions is
adjusted to reflect the passage of time and any change in the estimates following the modification of future cash
flows and discount rates adopted. The discount rate used to determine the provision is based on managerial
judgments.
Business combinations
Accounting for business combinations requires the allocation of the purchase price to the identifiable assets and
liabilities of the acquired business at their fair values. Any positive residual difference is recognized as “Goodwill”.
Any negative residual difference is recognized in the profit and loss account. Management uses all available
information to make these fair value measurements and, for major business combinations, engages independent
external advisors.
Environmental liabilities
As other oil and gas companies, Eni is subject to numerous EU, national, regional and local environmental laws
and regulations concerning its oil and gas operations, production and other activities. They include legislations that
implement international conventions or protocols. Environmental costs are recognized when it becomes probable
that a liability will be incurred and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Management,
considering the actions already taken, insurance policies obtained to cover environmental risks and provision for
risks accrued, does not expect any material adverse effect on Eni’s consolidated results of operations and financial
position as a result of such laws and regulations. However, there can be no assurance that there will not be a material
adverse impact on Eni’s consolidated results of operations and financial position due to: (i) the possibility of an
unknown contamination; (ii) the results of the ongoing surveys and other possible effects of statements required by
applicable laws; (iii) the possible effects of future environmental legislations and rules; (iv) the effects of possible
technological changes relating to future remediation; and (v) the possibility of litigation and the difficulty of
determining Eni’s liability, if any, against other potentially responsible parties with respect to such litigations and
the possible reimbursements.
Provisions for employee benefits
Defined benefit plans are evaluated with reference to uncertain events and based upon actuarial assumptions
including among others discount rates, expected rates of salary increases, medical cost trends, estimated retirement
dates and mortality rates. The significant assumptions used to account for defined benefit plans are determined as
follows: (i) discount and inflation rates reflect the rates at which benefits could be effectively settled, taking into
account the duration of the obligation. Indicators used in selecting the discount rate include market yields on high
quality corporate bonds (or, in the absence of a deep market of these bonds, on the market yields on government
bonds). The inflation rates reflect market conditions observed Country by Country; (ii) the future salary levels of the
F-25
individual employees are determined including an estimate of future changes attributed to general price levels
(consistent with inflation rate assumptions), productivity, seniority and promotion; (iii) healthcare cost trend
assumptions reflect an estimate of the actual future changes in the cost of the healthcare related benefits provided to
the plan participants and are based on past and current healthcare cost trends including healthcare inflation, changes
in healthcare utilization and changes in health status of the participants; and (iv) demographic assumptions such as
mortality, disability and turnover reflect the best estimate of these future events for individual employees involved.
Differences in the amount of the net defined benefit liability (asset), deriving from the remeasurements comprising,
among others, changes in the current actuarial assumptions, differences in the previous actuarial assumptions and
what has actually occurred and differences in the return on plan assets excluding amounts included in net interest,
usually occur. Remeasurements are recognized within statement of comprehensive income for defined benefit plans
and within profit and loss account for long-term plans.
Provisions for contingencies
In addition to environmental liabilities, asset retirement obligation and employee benefits, Eni recognizes
provisions primarily related to litigations and tax issues. The estimate of these provisions is based on managerial
judgments.
Revenue recognition
Revenue recognition in the Engineering & Construction segment is based on the stage of completion of a
contract as measured on the cost-to-cost basis applied to contractual revenues. Use of the stage of completion
method requires estimates of future gross profit on a contract by contract basis. The future gross profit represents the
profit remaining after deducting costs attributable to the contract from revenues provided for in the contract. The
estimate of future gross profit is based on a complex estimation process that includes identification of risks related to
the geographical region where the activity is carried out, market conditions in that region and any assessment that is
necessary to estimate with sufficient precision the total future costs as well as the expected timetable to the end of
the contract. Additional revenues, derived from a change in the scope of work, are included in the total amount of
revenues when it is probable that the customer will approve the variation and the related amount. Claims deriving
from additional costs incurred for reasons attributable to the customer are included in the total amount of revenues
when it is probable that the counterparty will accept them.
Revenues from the sale of electricity and gas to retail customers include allocations for the supplies, occurred
between the date of the last meters reading and the year end, not yet billed. These estimates are based on the
difference between the volumes allocated by the grid managers and the billed volumes, as well as on other factors,
considered by the management, which can impact on them.
6 Recent accounting standards
Accounting standards and interpretations issued by the IASB/IFRIC and endorsed by the EU
By Commission Regulation (EU) No. 1256/2012 of December 13, 2012, the amendments to IAS 32 “Financial
Instruments: Presentation – Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (hereinafter “amendments to IAS
32”) have been endorsed, which state that: (i) in order to set off financial assets and liabilities, the right of set-off
must be legally enforceable in all circumstances, such as in the normal course of business, in the event of default or
in the event of insolvency or bankruptcy, of one or all of the counterparties; and (ii) in presence of specific
characteristics, the gross simultaneous settlement of financial assets and liabilities, that eliminate or result in
insignificant credit and liquidity risk, may be considered equivalent to net settlement. The amendments to IAS 32
shall be applied for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2014.
By Commission Regulation (EU) No. 1374/2013 of December 19, 2013, the amendments to IAS 36
“Recoverable Amount Disclosures for Non-Financial Assets” have been endorsed (hereinafter “amendments to IAS
36”), which supplements the disclosure of information requiring: (i) the recoverable amount of individual assets or
cash generating units for which an impairment loss has been recognized or reversed during the period; and
(ii) additional disclosures if recoverable amount is based on fair value less costs of disposal. The amendments to
IAS 36 shall be applied for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2014.
By Commission Regulation (EU) No. 1375/2013 of December 19, 2013, the amendments to IAS 39 “Financial
Instruments: Recognition and Measurement – Novation of Derivatives and Continuation of Hedge Accounting”
have been endorsed (hereinafter “amendments to IAS 39”). According to these amendments, an entity shall not
F-26
discontinue hedge accounting in case of novation of the derivative, as a consequence of laws or regulations, which
implies that an original counterparty is replaced by a central counterparty. The amendments to IAS 39 shall be
applied for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2014.
Accounting standards and interpretations issued by the IASB/IFRIC and not yet endorsed by the EU
On November 12, 2009, the IASB issued IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments” (hereinafter “IFRS 9”) which
changes recognition and measurement criteria of financial assets and their classification in the financial statements.
In particular, the new provisions require, interalia, a classification and measurement model of financial assets based
exclusively on the following categories: (i) financial assets measured at amortized cost; and (ii) financial assets
measured at fair value. The new provisions also require that investments in equity instruments, other than
subsidiaries, joint ventures or associates, shall be measured at fair value with effects taken to the profit and loss
account. If these investments are not held for trading purposes, subsequent changes in the fair value can be
recognized in other comprehensive income, even if dividends are taken to the profit and loss account. Amounts
taken to other comprehensive income shall not be subsequently transferred to the profit and loss account even at
disposal. In addition, on October 28, 2010, the IASB updated IFRS 9 by incorporating the recognition and
measurement criteria of financial liabilities. In particular, the new provisions require, interalia, that if a financial
liability is measured at fair value through profit or loss, subsequent changes in the fair value attributable to changes
in the own credit risk shall be presented in other comprehensive income; the component related to own credit risk is
recognized in profit and loss account if the treatment of the changes in own credit risk would create or enlarge an
accounting mismatch. On November 19, 2013, the IASB integrated IFRS 9 with the revised guidance for hedge
accounting. The new provisions aim to align hedge accounting more closely with risk management activities and to
establish a more principles-based approach to hedge accounting. In particular, the main changes concern: (i) the
forward-looking hedge effectiveness assessment rather than bright lines; (ii) the possibility to rebalance the hedging
relationship if the risk management objective for that designating hedging relationship remains the same; (iii) the
possibility to designate as an hedged item a risk component of a non-financial item, net positions or layer
components of items, if specific conditions are met; (iv) the possibility to hedge aggregated exposures, i.e. a
combination of a non-derivative exposure and a derivative; and (v) the accounting of time value of purchased
options or the forward elements of forward contracts, excluded from the hedge effectiveness assessment, which shall
be consistent with the features of the hedged item. Furthermore, in November 2013, the IASB also removed the
effective date from IFRS 9 and will decide on the effective date when the entire IFRS 9 project is closer to
completion (the previous effective date was January 1, 2015).
On May 20, 2013, the IFRIC issued the interpretation IFRIC 21 “Levies” (hereinafter “IFRIC 21”), which
defines the accounting for outflows imposed by governments (e.g. contributions required to operate in a specific
market), other than income taxes, fines or penalties. IFRIC 21 sets out criteria for the recognition of the liability,
stating that the obligating event that gives rise to the liability, and therefore to its recognition, is the activity that
triggers the payment, as identified by the legislation. The provisions of IFRIC 21 shall be applied for annual periods
beginning on or after January 1, 2014.
On November 21, 2013, the IASB issued the amendments to IAS 19 “Defined Benefit Plans: Employee
Contributions”, which allow the recognition of contributions to defined benefit plans from employees or third parties
as a reduction of service cost in the period in which the related service is received, provided that the contributions:
(i) are set out in the formal conditions of the plan; (ii) are linked to service; and (iii) are independent of number of
years of service (e.g. the contributions are a fixed percentage of the employee’s salary or a fixed amount throughout
the service period or dependent on the employee’s age). The amendments shall be applied for annual periods
beginning on or after July 1, 2014 (for Eni: 2015 financial statements).
On December 12, 2013, the IASB issued the documents “Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2010-2012 Cycle”
and “Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2011-2013 Cycle”, which include, basically, technical and editorial changes to
existing standards. The amendments to the standards shall be applied for annual periods beginning on or after July 1,
2014 (for Eni: 2015 financial statements).
Eni is currently reviewing these new IFRS to determine the likely impact on the Group’s results.
F-27
Current assets
7 Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents of (cid:1)5,431 million ((cid:1)7,936 million at December 31, 2012) included financing
receivables originally due within 90 days amounting to (cid:1)3,086 million ((cid:1)5,846 million at December 31, 2012)
relating to time deposit with financial institutions having notice greater than a 48-hour period.
Cash amounting to (cid:1)187 million ((cid:1)229 million at December 31, 2012) was restricted due to commitments with
the shareholders of Blue Stream Pipeline Co BV for (cid:1)97 million ((cid:1)145 million at December 31, 2012) and judicial
investigations and commercial proceedings in the Engineering & Construction segment for (cid:1)90 million ((cid:1)84 million
at December 31, 2012). More information about the judicial investigations is disclosed in note 35 – Guarantees,
commitments and risks - Corruption investigations. The average maturity of financing receivables due within 90
days was 9 days and the average interest rate amounted to 0.3% (0.5% at December 31, 2012).
F-28
8 Financial assets held for trading
The breakdown by currency of financial assets held for trading or available for sale is presented below:
Nominal value
((cid:1) million)
Fair value
((cid:1) million)
Rating - Moody’s
Rating - S&P
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states
Fixed rate bonds
Netherlands ..................................................
France ..........................................................
Italy ..............................................................
Belgium .......................................................
Spain ............................................................
Austria .........................................................
Germany ......................................................
Denmark ......................................................
Poland ..........................................................
Slovakia .......................................................
Sweden .........................................................
Europe (Supranational Institutions) ...........
Floating rate bonds
Italy ..............................................................
France ..........................................................
Spain ............................................................
Netherlands ..................................................
Germany ......................................................
Slovakia .......................................................
Europe (Supranational Institutions) ...........
Total quoted bonds issued
by sovereign states ....................................
Other bonds
Fixed rate bonds
Quoted bonds issued
by industrial companies ..............................
Non-quoted bonds issued
by industrial companies ..............................
Quoted bonds issued by financial
and insurance companies ............................
Non-quoted bonds issued
by financial and insurance companies .......
Floating rate bonds
Quoted bonds issued
by industrial companies ..............................
Quoted bonds issued
by financial companies ...............................
Total other bonds ......................................
Total other financial assets
held for trading .........................................
150
140
115
95
55
25
17
13
10
6
5
99
730
667
100
100
56
50
1
242
1,216
1,946
153
144
116
99
57
26
17
13
8
7
5
100
745
667
100
100
56
50
1
242
1,216
1,961
Aaa
Aa1
Baa2
Aa3
Baa3
Aaa
Aaa
Aaa
A2
A2
Aaa
from Aaa to Aa1
Baa2
Aa1
Baa3
Aaa
Aaa
A2
from Aaa to Aa1
AA+
AA
BBB
AA
BBB-
AA+
AAA
AAA
A-
A
AAA
from AAA to AA
BBB
AA
BBB-
AA+
AAA
A
from AAA to AA
1,494
1,574
from Aaa to Baa3
from AAA to BBB-
325
377
218
2,414
133
397
530
2,944
4,890
325
396
218
2,513
from P-1 to P-2
from A-1+ to A-2
from Aaa to Baa3
from AAA to BBB-
from P-1 to P-2
from A-1+ to A-2
133
from Aaa to Baa3
from AAA to BBB-
from Aaa to Baa3
from AAA to BBB-
397
530
3,043
5,004
The breakdown by currency is provided below:
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2013
Euro ...............................................................................................................................................................
British pound ................................................................................................................................................
Swiss franc ...................................................................................................................................................
4,954
37
13
5,004
F-29
The fair value was estimated on the basis of market quotations for listed securities and on the basis of
appropriate financial valuation methods commonly used for non-quoted securities. More information is disclosed in
note 35 – Guarantees, commitments and risks.
9 Financial assets available for sale
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Securities held for operating purposes
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states .....................................................................
Quoted securities issued by financial institutions ........................................................
Non-quoted securities ....................................................................................................
Securities held for non-operating purposes
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states .....................................................................
Quoted securities issued by financial institutions ........................................................
Non-quoted securities ....................................................................................................
174
22
5
201
13
23
36
237
165
37
202
7
26
33
235
The breakdown by currency is provided below:
((cid:1) million)
Euro .................................................................................................................................
U.S. dollar .......................................................................................................................
Indian rupee ....................................................................................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
179
40
18
237
173
58
4
235
At December 31, 2013, bonds issued by sovereign states amounted to (cid:1)165 million ((cid:1)187 million at December
31, 2012). A breakdown by Country is presented below:
Nominal
value
((cid:1) million)
Fair value
((cid:1) million)
Nominal rate
of return (%)
Maturity date
Rating -
Moody’s
Rating -
S&P
Sovereign states
Fixed rate bonds
Belgium ...........................
Portugal ............................
Italy ..................................
Slovakia ...........................
Spain ................................
Ireland ..............................
Austria .............................
USA .................................
Germany ..........................
Netherlands ......................
France ..............................
Slovenija ..........................
Finland .............................
27
22
15
14
14
13
12
11
10
6
5
5
4
158
30
22
15
15
14
14
13
11
10
7
5
5
4
165
from 2.88 to 4.25
from 3.35 to 4.75
from 2.50 to 4.25
from 3.50 to 4.90
from 3.15 to 4.10
from 4.40 to 4.50
from 3.40 to 3.50
from 1.75 to 3.13
from 3.25 to 4.25
4.00
4.00
4.38
from 1.13 to 1.25
from 2014 to 2021
from 2015 to 2019
2015
from 2014 to 2017
from 2014 to 2018
from 2019 to 2020
from 2014 to 2015
from 2014 to 2019
from 2014 to 2015
from 2016 to 2018
2014
2014
from 2015 to 2017
Aa3
Ba3
Baa2
A2
Baa3
Baa3
Aaa
Aaa
Aaa
Aaa
Aa1
Ba1
Aaa
AA
BB
BBB
A
BBB-
BBB+
AA+
AA+
AAA
AA+
AA
A-
AAA
Securities amounting to (cid:1)44 million were issued by financial institutions with a rating ranging from Aaa to B2
(Moody’s) and from AAA to BB- (S&P); other listed securities amounted to (cid:1)26 million with a rating of B1
(Moody’s) and B- (S&P).
F-30
Securities held for operating purposes of (cid:1)202 million ((cid:1)201 million at December 31, 2012) were designated to
hedge the loss provisions of the Group’s insurance company Eni Insurance Ltd ((cid:1)196 million at December 31,
2012).
The effects of fair value evaluation of securities are set out below:
((cid:1) million)
Carrying
amount at
Dec. 31, 2012
Changes
recognized
in equity
Carrying
amount at
Dec. 31, 2013
Fair value ..................................................................................................
Deferred tax liabilities .............................................................................
Other reserves of shareholders’ equity ..............................................
7
(1)
6
(1)
(1)
6
(1)
5
The fair value was estimated on the basis of market quotations for quoted securities and on the basis of
appropriate financial valuation methods commonly used for non-listed securities.
10 Trade and other receivables
((cid:1) million)
Trade receivables .........................................................................................................
Financing receivables:
- for operating purposes - short term ............................................................................
- for operating purposes - current portion of long-term receivables ...........................
- for non-operating purposes .........................................................................................
Other receivables:
- from disposals ..............................................................................................................
- other ..............................................................................................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
19,958
21,212
396
213
1,151
1,760
209
6,691
6,900
28,618
403
481
129
1,013
88
6,577
6,665
28,890
The increase in trade and other receivables of (cid:1)1,254 million primarily related to the Refining & Marketing
segment ((cid:1)656 million) and to the Gas & Power segment ((cid:1)435 million).
Receivables are stated net of the valuation allowance for doubtful accounts of (cid:1)1,877 million ((cid:1)1,635 million at
December 31, 2012):
((cid:1) million)
Trade receivables ..............................
Financing receivables .......................
Other receivables ..............................
Carrying
amount
at Dec. 31, 2012
Additions
Deductions
Other changes
Carrying
amount
at Dec. 31, 2013
1,055
6
574
1,635
384
54
36
474
(158)
(54)
(212)
10
(8)
(22)
(20)
1,291
52
534
1,877
Additions to the allowance reserve for doubtful trade receivable accounts amounted to (cid:1)384 million ((cid:1)164
million in 2012) and primarily related to the Gas & Power segment ((cid:1)289 million).
Deductions amounted to (cid:1)158 million and related to the Gas & Power segment for (cid:1)98 million.
At the balance sheet date, Eni had in place transactions to transfer to factoring institutions certain trade
receivables without recourse for (cid:1)2,533 million, due in 2014 ((cid:1)2,054 million at December 31, 2012, due in 2013).
Transferred receivables related to the Refining & Marketing segment ((cid:1)1,389 million), the Gas & Power segment
((cid:1)1,057 million), Versalis ((cid:1)75 million) and Engineering & Construction segment ((cid:1)12 million). Furthermore,
Engineering & Construction transferred certain trade receivables without recourse due in 2014 for (cid:1)222 million
through Eni’s subsidiary Serfactoring SpA ((cid:1)149 million at December 31, 2012, due in 2013).
F-31
Trade receivables amounting to (cid:1)659 million were due in the Exploration & Production segment and related to
hydrocarbons supplies to Egyptian State-owned companies. In order to reduce the outstanding amounts, negotiations
and contacts are ongoing with the State companies’ top management and the Ministerial authorities, in a context of
stable relationships with the counterparties.
The ageing of trade and other receivables is presented below:
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Neither impaired nor past due ..................
Impaired
(net of the valuation allowance) ................
Not impaired and past due
in the following periods:
- within 90 days .............................................
- 3 to 6 months ..............................................
- 6 to 12 months ............................................
- over 12 months ...........................................
Trade
receivables
Other
receivables
Total
Trade
receivables
Other
receivables
Total
16,836
5,829
22,665
16,625
5,432
22,057
1,257
207
1,464
1,056
172
1,228
1,309
217
159
180
1,865
19,958
83
23
207
551
864
6,900
1,392
240
366
731
2,729
26,858
1,702
709
606
514
3,531
21,212
325
50
185
501
1,061
6,665
2,027
759
791
1,015
4,592
27,877
Trade and other receivables not impaired and past due primarily pertained to high-credit-rating public
administrations, state-owned companies and other highly-reliable counterparties for oil, natural gas and chemical
products supplies and to retail customers of the Gas & Power segment. The Gas & Power segment recorded a
noticeable increase in the amounts past due by retail customers as a consequence of the financial difficulties and the
economic slowdown.
Trade receivables included amounts withheld to guarantee certain contract work in progress for (cid:1)209 million
((cid:1)178 million at December 31, 2012).
Trade receivables in currencies other than euro amounted to (cid:1)7,611 million ((cid:1)7,236 million at December 31,
2012).
Financing receivables associated with operating purposes of (cid:1)884 million ((cid:1)609 million at December 31, 2012)
included loans granted to unconsolidated subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates to cover capital expenditure
requirements for (cid:1)481 million for executing industrial projects ((cid:1)302 million at December 31, 2012) and cash
deposits to hedge the loss provision made by Eni Insurance Ltd for (cid:1)321 million ((cid:1)280 million at December 31,
2012). Receivables for financial leasing amounting to (cid:1)16 million at December 31, 2012 were set to zero as a result
of the divestment of Finpipe GIE.
Financing receivables not associated with operating activities amounted to (cid:1)129 million ((cid:1)1,151 million at
December 31, 2012) and related to: (i) restricted deposits in escrow for (cid:1)92 million of Eni Trading & Shipping SpA
((cid:1)93 million at December 31, 2012) of which (cid:1)82 million with Citigroup Global Markets Ltd, (cid:1)8 million with BNP
Paribas and (cid:1)2 million with ABN AMRO relating to derivatives; and (ii) restricted deposits in escrow of receivables
of the Engineering & Construction segment for (cid:1)25 million (same amount as of December 31, 2012). The decrease
in financing receivables not associated with operating activities of (cid:1)1,022 million related to: (i) the collection from
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti for (cid:1)883 million as final installment of the total consideration of (cid:1)3,517 million relating to
the divestment of 1,013,619,522 ordinary shares of Snam SpA; and (ii) the collection from Snam SpA of residual
receivables for intercompany transactions for (cid:1)141 million.
Financing receivables in currencies other than euro amounted to (cid:1)529 million as of December 31, 2013 ((cid:1)300
million as of December 31, 2012).
Receivables related to divesting activities of (cid:1)88 million ((cid:1)209 million at December 31, 2012) related to the
divestment of a 3.25% interest in the Karachaganak project (equal to Eni’s 10% interest) to the Kazakh partner
KazMunaiGas for (cid:1)79 million. A description of the transaction is reported in note 21 – Other non-current
receivables.
Other receivables of (cid:1)6,577 million ((cid:1)6,691 million at December 31, 2012) included receivables of
(cid:1)575 million relating to the recovery of costs incurred by the Exploration & Production segment undergoing
arbitration procedure ((cid:1)481 million at December 31, 2012). Receivables for (cid:1)333 million as of December 31,
F-32
2012 were fully collected during 2013 and they related to amounts of gas to be delivered to gas customers who
pre-paid the underlying gas volumes in previous years upon activation of the take-or-pay clause.
Other receivables were as follows:
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Receivables originated from divestments .................................................................
Accounts receivable from:
- joint venture partners in exploration and production ................................................
- non-financial government entities ..............................................................................
- insurance companies ...................................................................................................
- prepayments for services .............................................................................................
- from factoring arrangements .......................................................................................
- other receivables ..........................................................................................................
209
4,343
17
176
620
130
1,405
6,691
6,900
88
4,771
17
171
613
121
884
6,577
6,665
Receivables from joint venture partners in exploration and production activities included the share of the
liability for defined-benefit plans of (cid:1)264 million ((cid:1)308 million at December 31, 2012), whereby Eni recognized the
100%-liability of all employees of the operated-joint ventures (see note 29 – Provisions for employee benefits).
Receivables from factoring arrangements of (cid:1)121 million ((cid:1)130 million at December 31, 2012) related to
Serfactoring SpA and consisted of advances for factoring arrangements with recourse and receivables for factoring
arrangements without recourse.
Other receivables in currencies other than euro amounted to (cid:1)5,674 million ((cid:1)5,744 million at December 31,
2012).
Because of the short-term maturity and conditions of remuneration of trade receivables, the fair value
approximated the carrying amount.
Receivables with related parties are described in note 43 – Transactions with related parties.
11 Inventories
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Crude oil,
gas and
petroleum
products
Chemical
products
Work in
progress
Other
Total
Crude oil,
gas and
petroleum
products
Chemical
products
Work in
progress
Other
Total
Raw and auxiliary materials
and consumables ..................
Products being processed and
semi-finished products ........
Work in progress .................
Finished products
and goods .............................
Certificates and emission
rights .....................................
948
133
190
15
1,752
2,890
1,622
1
149
1,622
714
114
209
14
1,848
2,771
1,627
1
129
1,627
2,913
908
77
3,898
2,496
801
93
3,390
3,994
1,113
1,622
19
1,849
19
8,578
3,324
1,024
1,627
22
1,964
22
7,939
Contract works in progress for (cid:1)1,627 million ((cid:1)1,622 million at December 31, 2012) are stated net of
prepayments for (cid:1)6 million ((cid:1)7 million at December 31, 2012) which corresponded to the amount of the works
executed and accepted by customers.
Inventories of (cid:1)105 million were pledged as a guarantee for the payment of storage services.
F-33
Changes in inventories and in the loss provision were as follows:
((cid:1) million)
Carrying
amount at the
beginning of
the year
Changes
New or
increased
provisions
Deductions
Changes in
the scope of
consolidation
Currency
translation
differences
Other
changes
Carrying
amount at the
end of the
year
December 31, 2012
Gross carrying amount ................
Loss provision ..............................
Net carrying amount .................
December 31, 2013
Gross carrying amount ................
Loss provision ..............................
Net carrying amount .................
7,837
(187)
7,650
8,749
(171)
8,578
1,158
1,158
(373)
(373)
(58)
(58)
(168)
(168)
64
64
149
149
(226)
10
(216)
(3)
(3)
(19)
1
(18)
(181)
3
(178)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(66)
(66)
8,749
(171)
8,578
8,126
(187)
7,939
Changes of the year amounting to (cid:1)373 million included the decrease of (cid:1)679 million of the Refining
& Marketing segment, partially offset by the increase of (cid:1)190 million of the Exploration & Production segment.
Additions of (cid:1)168 million and deductions of (cid:1)149 million of the loss provision related to the Refining & Marketing
segment for (cid:1)112 million and (cid:1)118 million, respectively.
12 Current tax assets
((cid:1) million)
Italian subsidiaries .........................................................................................................
Foreign subsidiaries .......................................................................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
487
284
771
555
247
802
Income taxes are described in note 40 – Income tax expense.
13 Other current tax assets
((cid:1) million)
VAT ................................................................................................................................
Excise and customs duties .............................................................................................
Other taxes and duties ....................................................................................................
14 Other current assets
((cid:1) million)
Fair value of cash flow hedge derivatives ....................................................................
Fair value of other derivatives .......................................................................................
Other current assets ........................................................................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
860
200
179
1,239
596
88
151
835
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
32
916
669
1,617
14
718
593
1,325
Derivative fair values were estimated on the basis of market quotations provided by primary info-provider, or
alternatively, appropriate valuation methods commonly used in the marketplace.
F-34
Fair value of cash flow hedge derivatives of (cid:1)14 million ((cid:1)32 million at December 31, 2012) related to the
hedges entered by the Gas & Power segment. These derivatives were entered into to hedge variability in future cash
flows associated to highly probable future sale transactions of gas or electricity or on already contracted sales due to
different indexation mechanism of supply costs versus selling prices. A similar scheme applies to exchange rate
hedging derivatives. Negative fair value of contracts expiring by 2014 is disclosed in note 26 – Other current
liabilities; positive and negative fair value of contracts expiring beyond 2014 is disclosed in note 21 – Other
non-current receivables and in note 31 – Other non-current liabilities. The effects of the evaluation at fair value of
cash flow hedge derivatives are given in note 33 – Shareholders’ equity and in note 37 – Operating expenses. Sale
commitments of cash flow hedge derivatives amounted to (cid:1)505 million (purchase and sale commitments of (cid:1)31
million and (cid:1)510 million, respectively, at December 31, 2012). Information on hedged risks and hedging policies is
disclosed in note 35 – Guarantees, commitments and risks - Risk factors.
The fair value of other derivative contracts is presented below:
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Fair value
Purchase
commitments
Sale
commitments
Fair value
Purchase
commitments
Sale
commitments
Derivatives on exchange rate
Interest currency swap ..................................
Currency swap ...............................................
Other ..............................................................
Derivatives on interest rate
Interest rate swap ..........................................
Derivatives on commodities
Over the counter ............................................
Future .............................................................
Other ..............................................................
8
158
3
169
1
1
713
26
7
746
916
44
3,349
215
3,608
23
23
3,648
825
30
4,503
8,134
4,597
8
4,605
9,505
9
1
9,515
14,120
6
250
1
257
2
2
395
64
459
718
6,426
73
6,499
35
2,320
68
2,423
36
36
6,558
7,666
9,231
6,340
14,224
16,683
15,571
22,070
Fair value of other derivatives of (cid:1)718 million ((cid:1)916 million at December 31, 2012) consisted of: (i) (cid:1)369
million ((cid:1)564 million at December 31, 2012) of derivatives that failed to meet the formal criteria to be designated as
hedges under IFRS because they were entered into in order to manage net exposures to movements in foreign
currencies, interest rates or commodity prices. Therefore, such derivatives were not related to specific trade or
financing transactions; (ii) (cid:1)344 million ((cid:1)352 million at December 31, 2012) of commodity derivatives entered by
the Gas & Power segment for trading purposes and proprietary trading; and (iii) (cid:1)5 million of derivatives related to
net settlement agreements, of which (cid:1)7 million of negative fair value hedge derivatives.
Other assets amounted to (cid:1)593 million ((cid:1)669 million at December 31, 2012) and included: (i) prepayments and
accrued income for (cid:1)107 million ((cid:1)137 million at December 31, 2012); (ii) pre-paid rentals for (cid:1)63 million ((cid:1)51
million at December 31, 2012); and (iii) pre-paid insurance premiums for (cid:1)53 million ((cid:1)49 million at December 31,
2012). Prepayments that were made to gas suppliers upon triggering the take-or-pay clause provided by the relevant
long-term supply arrangements and amounting to (cid:1)129 million as of December 31, 2012 were fully recovered
during 2013 through collection of gas.
Transactions with related parties are described in note 43 – Transactions with related parties.
F-35
Non-current assets
15 Property, plant and equipment
((cid:1) million)
December 31, 2012
Land ...........................................
Buildings ...................................
Plant and machinery .................
Industrial and commercial
equipment ..................................
Other assets ...............................
Tangible assets in progress
and advances .............................
December 31, 2013
Land ...........................................
Buildings ...................................
Plant and machinery .................
Industrial and commercial
equipment ..................................
Other assets ...............................
Tangible assets in progress
and advances .............................
Net book
amount at
the
beginning of
the year
792
1,440
48,750
532
832
Additions
Depreciation
Impairment
losses
Changes in
the scope of
consolidation
Currency
translation
differences
Reclassification
to assets held
for sale
Other
changes
Net book
amount at
the end of
the year
Gross book
amount at
the end of
the year
Provisions
for
depreciation
and
impairments
5
60
1,548
(109)
(7,108)
(45)
(1,073)
(109)
(316)
(9,719)
(8)
(3)
(335)
(8)
(7)
(304)
5
150
677
1,170
8,288 40,047
700
3,181
23
2,011
114,284 74,237
74
90
(121)
(105)
(1)
(75)
(62)
(12)
2
(7)
1
8
425
731
1,764
2,262
1,339
1,531
22,635
74,981
9,490
11,267
(7,443)
(406)
(2,207)
(1,600) (12,425)
(187)
(538)
(130)
(449)
(7,447) 21,748
1,005 64,798
23,478
1,730
145,669 80,871
677
1,170
40,047
10
72
3,825
(116)
(7,071)
(8)
(37)
(1,847)
425
731
142
80
(125)
(142)
(4)
(1)
21,748
64,798
6,784
10,913
(7,454)
(219)
(2,116)
18
1
19
(19)
(29)
(1,570)
(3)
(7)
(145)
10
197
667
1,268
8,334 41,573
693
3,404
26
2,136
121,429 79,856
(19)
(10)
31
(294)
450
365
1,865
1,953
1,415
1,588
(996)
(2,643)
(155)
(7,877) 19,440
401 63,763
21,424
1,984
150,768 87,005
Capital expenditures by segment were the following:
((cid:1) million)
2012
2013
Capital expenditures
Exploration & Production .............................................................................................
Gas & Power ..................................................................................................................
Refining & Marketing ...................................................................................................
Versalis ...........................................................................................................................
Engineering & Construction ..........................................................................................
Corporate and financial companies ...............................................................................
Other activities - Snam ..................................................................................................
Other activities ...............................................................................................................
Elimination of intragroup profits ..................................................................................
8,407
147
890
163
998
71
539
14
38
11,267
8,754
149
664
311
887
130
21
(3)
10,913
Capital expenditures included capitalized finance expenses of (cid:1)167 million ((cid:1)173 million in 2012, of which
(cid:1)26 million relating to discontinued operations) and related to the Exploration & Production segment ((cid:1)124 million),
the Refining & Marketing segment ((cid:1)39 million) and the Versalis segment ((cid:1)4 million). The interest rates used for
capitalizing finance expense ranged from 2.6% to 5.3% (2.1% and 5.1% at December 31, 2012).
The main depreciation rates used were substantially unchanged from the previous year and ranged as follows:
(%)
Buildings ..............................................................................................................................................
Plant and machinery ...........................................................................................................................
Industrial and commercial equipment ...............................................................................................
Other assets .........................................................................................................................................
2
2
4
6
-
-
-
-
10
10
33
33
F-36
A breakdown of impairments losses recorded in 2013 and the associated tax effect is provided below:
((cid:1) million)
2012
2013
Impairment losses
Exploration & Production .............................................................................................
Gas & Power ..................................................................................................................
Refining & Marketing ...................................................................................................
Versalis ...........................................................................................................................
Other segments ...............................................................................................................
Tax effects
Exploration & Production .............................................................................................
Gas & Power ..................................................................................................................
Refining & Marketing ...................................................................................................
Versalis ...........................................................................................................................
Other segments ...............................................................................................................
Impairments net of the relevant tax effects
Exploration & Production .............................................................................................
Gas & Power ..................................................................................................................
Refining & Marketing ...................................................................................................
Versalis ...........................................................................................................................
Other segments ...............................................................................................................
547
71
843
112
27
1,600
154
18
96
33
2
303
393
53
747
79
25
1,297
209
1,200
633
55
19
2,116
71
355
223
15
5
669
138
845
410
40
14
1,447
In assessing whether impairment is required, the carrying amounts of property, plant and equipment are
compared with their recoverable amounts. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to
sell and its value-in-use. Given the nature of Eni’s activities, information on asset fair value is usually difficult to
obtain unless negotiations with a potential buyer are ongoing. Therefore, the recoverability is verified by using the
value-in-use which is calculated by discounting the estimated cash flows arising from the continuing use of an asset.
The valuation is carried out for individual asset or for the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash
inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets (cash generating unit -
CGU). The Group has identified its CGUs: (i) in the Exploration & Production segment, individual oilfields or pools
of oilfields whereby technical, economic or contractual features make underlying cash flows interdependent; (ii) in
the Gas & Power segment, in addition to the CGUs to which the goodwill arisen from acquisitions was allocated
(see note 17 – Intangible assets), any of the plants for electricity production have been identified as being individual
cash generating units; (iii) in the Refining & Marketing segment, refining plants, Country-specific facilities, retail
networks and other distribution channels by Country (ordinary network, high-ways network, and wholesale
activities); (iv) in the Versalis segment, production plants by business/plant and related facilities; and (v) in the
Engineering & Construction segment, the business units Offshore E&C, Onshore E&C and related facilities and
individual rigs for offshore operations.
Recoverable amounts are calculated by discounting the estimated cash flows deriving from the continuing use
of the CGUs and, if significant and reasonably determinable, the cash flows deriving from disposal at the end of
their useful lives. Cash flows are determined on the basis of the best information available at the moment of the
assessment deriving: (i) for the first four years of each projection, from the Company’s four-year plan adopted by
the top management which provides information on expected oil and gas production volumes, sales volumes, capital
expenditures, operating costs and margins and industrial and marketing set-up, as well as trends on the main
macroeconomic variables, including inflation, nominal interest rates and exchange rates; (ii) beyond the four-year
plan horizon, cash flow projections are estimated based on management’s long-term assumptions regarding the main
macroeconomic variables (inflation rates, commodity prices, etc.) and along a time horizon which considers the
following factors: (a) for the oil&gas CGUs, the residual life of the reserves and the associated projections of
operating costs and development expenditures; (b) for the CGUs of the Refining & Marketing segment, Versalis and
the power plants, the economical and technical life of the plants and the associated projections of operating costs,
expenditures to support plant efficiency, refining and selling margins and, in the case of chemical plants, operating
results before depreciation, interest and taxes, with the adoption of normalization assumptions when judged to be
necessary; and (c) for the CGUs of the gas market and the Engineering & Construction segment, the perpetuity
method of the last-year-plan by using a nominal growth rate ranging from 0% to 2% considering a normalization
driver of the perpetuity to reflect any cyclicality observed in the business; and (iii) commodity prices are estimated
on the basis of the forward prices prevailing in the marketplace as of the balance sheet date for the first four years of
the cash flow projections and the long-term price assumptions adopted by the Company’s management for strategic
planning purposes and capital budget allocation, considering the supply and demand fundamentals of the main
F-37
commodities (see Note 3 – Summary of significant accounting policies). In particular, the long-term price of oil
adopted for assessing the future cash flows of the oil&gas CGUs was $90 per barrel which is adjusted to take into
account the expected inflationary rate from 2017 onwards.
Values-in-use are estimated by discounting post-tax cash flows at a rate which corresponds for the Exploration
& Production, Refining & Marketing and Versalis to the Company’s weighted average cost of capital net of the risk
factors attributable to Saipem and the Gas & Power segment which are assessed on a stand alone basis. Then the
discount rates are adjusted to factor in risks specific to each country of activity (adjusted post-tax WACC). In 2013,
the adjusted post-tax WACC of Eni, which is the driver for calculating each business segment WACC to assess the
value-in-use of their respective CGUs, decreased by 40 basis points compared to 2012, primarily as a consequence
of the reduced sovereign risk premium incorporated into the yields of ten-year Italian bonds. The other drivers used
in determining the cost of capital – cost of borrowings to Eni, equity risk, average premium for country risk,
debt-to-equity ratio – were assessed to record only marginal variations. In 2013, the adjusted WACC rates used for
impairment test purposes ranged from 6.4% to 12.2%.
Post-tax cash flows and discount rates were adopted as they resulted in an assessment that substantially
approximated a pre-tax assessment.
Impairment losses recognized in the Gas & Power segment of (cid:1)1,200 million were mainly recorded at the
electric power plants due to the substantial deterioration in the competitive scenario reflecting structural weakness in
demand and as gas-fired cycles were at disadvantage compared to coal-fired production and electricity from
renewable sources as a consequence of cyclical reasons (plunging supply costs of coal and abundance of emission
certificates) or structural reasons (growth of renewable sources favored by government subsidies). On the basis of
these drivers and the relevant projections of unprofitable margins for the production and sale of electricity from
combined-cycle power plants, management has impaired the book value of the electric power plants to their lower
values-in-use. Other impairments related to gas networks in Hungary due to revisions in the tariff framework and
uncertainties concerning the possible future evolution.
Impairment losses recognized in the Refining & Marketing segment of (cid:1)633 million related to refining plants
as a consequence of projections of unprofitable margins due to the structural headwinds in the business due to weak
demand, excess capacity, increased competitive pressure from product streams coming from Russia, Asia and North
America resulting in continuing pressure on selling prices and, in addition, to narrowing differential between the
prices of heavy crude qualities vs. the market benchmark Brent causing a substantial reduction in the conversion
premium. Other minor impairments were recorded to write-off expenditures incurred for safety and plant upgrades
at assets which were fully impaired in previous reporting periods. The largest impairment loss was recorded to
write-off the book value of a refinery which was tested for impairment using a post-tax discount rate of 7.1%,
corresponding to a pre-tax discount rate of 8.8%.
Small impairments were recorded at oil&gas properties in the Exploration & Production segment as a
consequence of downward reserve revisions for (cid:1)209 million, substantially offset by reversal of previous years
write-off amounting to (cid:1)208 million. The largest impairment losses were recorded at two assets located in Italy
which were tested for impairment using a post-tax discount rate of 6.7%, corresponding to a pre-tax discount rate of
4.0% and 6.6%, respectively.
In the Versalis segment impairment losses amounted to (cid:1)55 million and mainly related to the write-off of the
book value of marginal production lines which were shut down and to write-off expenditures incurred for safety and
plant upgrades at assets which were fully impaired in previous reporting periods.
Foreign currency translation differences of (cid:1)2,643 million primarily related to translations of entities accounts
denominated in U.S. dollar ((cid:1)1,725 million), partially offset by translations of entities accounts denominated in
Norwegian krone ((cid:1)620 million).
The reclassification to assets held for sale of (cid:1)155 million comprised certain non-strategic assets of the
Exploration & Production segment ((cid:1)143 million).
Other changes of (cid:1)401 million related to: (i) the recognition of mineral property in the Exploration
& Production segment for (cid:1)276 million in relation to the renegotiation of the contractual terms and the duration
extension of some exploration and development licenses as a compensation of the renounce to the deferred tax
assets recoverability related to cost incurred and not yet recovered for tax purposes; (ii) asset reversal of impairment
for (cid:1)223 million, of which (cid:1)208 million were recorded by the Exploration & Production segment in relation to a gas
and condensate field located in Australia due to positive reserve revisions ((cid:1)145 million) and an oil assets in the
United States due to improved future production costs ((cid:1)45 million); and (iii) as decrease, the initial recognition of
assets and change in estimates of costs for dismantling and site restoration amounting to (cid:1)190 million.
F-38
Unproved mineral interests included in tangible assets in progress and advances are presented below:
((cid:1) million)
December 31, 2012
Congo .............................................................
Nigeria ...........................................................
Turkmenistan .................................................
Algeria ...........................................................
USA ...............................................................
India ...............................................................
Other countries ..............................................
December 31, 2013
Congo .............................................................
Nigeria ...........................................................
Turkmenistan .................................................
Algeria ...........................................................
USA ...............................................................
Egypt ..............................................................
India ...............................................................
Other countries ..............................................
Book value
at the
beginning
of the year
Acquisitions
Impairment
losses
Reclassification
to proved
mineral interest
Other changes
and currency
translation
differences
Book value
at the end
of the year
1,280
758
635
485
217
48
73
3,496
1,254
743
516
355
146
22
29
3,065
(109)
(62)
(26)
(197)
(2)
(1)
(124)
(51)
(44)
(222)
(84)
(4)
(9)
(3)
45
45
(7)
(7)
(6)
(106)
(24)
(15)
(9)
(6)
42
(12)
(51)
(32)
(22)
(15)
(6)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(130)
1,254
743
516
355
146
22
29
3,065
1,119
711
490
331
137
44
20
15
2,867
Accumulated provisions for impairments amounted to (cid:1)9,885 million ((cid:1)8,050 million at December 31, 2012).
At December 31, 2013, Eni pledged property, plant and equipment for (cid:1)21 million primarily as collateral
against certain borrowings (the same amount as of December 31, 2012).
Government grants recorded as a decrease of property, plant and equipment amounted to (cid:1)114 million ((cid:1)132
million at December 31, 2012).
Assets acquired under financial lease agreements amounted to (cid:1)30 million ((cid:1)39 million at December 31, 2012)
for service stations of the Refining & Marketing segment.
Contractual commitments related to the purchase of property, plant and equipment are disclosed in note 35 –
Guarantees, commitments and risks - Liquidity risk.
Property, plant and equipment under concession arrangements are described in note 35 – Guarantees,
commitments and risks - Asset under concession arrangements.
F-39
Property, plant and equipment by segment
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Property, plant and equipment, gross
Exploration & Production .............................................................................................
Gas & Power ..................................................................................................................
Refining & Marketing ...................................................................................................
Versalis ...........................................................................................................................
Engineering & Construction ..........................................................................................
Corporate and financial companies ...............................................................................
Other activities ...............................................................................................................
Elimination of intragroup profits ..................................................................................
Accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment losses
Exploration & Production .............................................................................................
Gas & Power ..................................................................................................................
Refining & Marketing ...................................................................................................
Versalis ...........................................................................................................................
Engineering & Construction ..........................................................................................
Corporate and financial companies ...............................................................................
Other activities ...............................................................................................................
Elimination of intragroup profits ..................................................................................
Property, plant and equipment, net
Exploration & Production .............................................................................................
Gas & Power ..................................................................................................................
Refining & Marketing ...................................................................................................
Versalis ...........................................................................................................................
Engineering & Construction ..........................................................................................
Corporate and financial companies ...............................................................................
Other activities ...............................................................................................................
Elimination of intragroup profits ..................................................................................
103,318
5,735
16,805
5,589
12,621
470
1,617
(486)
145,669
55,809
2,379
11,954
4,661
4,408
243
1,541
(124)
80,871
47,509
3,356
4,851
928
8,213
227
76
(362)
64,798
107,329
5,763
17,383
5,898
12,774
589
1,522
(490)
150,768
59,195
3,794
12,808
4,793
4,846
267
1,450
(148)
87,005
48,134
1,969
4,575
1,105
7,928
322
72
(342)
63,763
16 Inventory - compulsory stock
Compulsory inventories of (cid:1)2,573 million ((cid:1)2,541 million at December 31, 2012) were primarily held by
Italian subsidiaries for (cid:1)2,550 million ((cid:1)2,525 million at December 31, 2012) in accordance with minimum stock
requirements of oil and petroleum products set forth by applicable laws.
F-40
17 Intangible assets
((cid:1) million)
December 31, 2012
Intangible assets with finite
useful lives
Exploration expenditures ............
Industrial patents and
intellectual property rights ..........
Concessions, licenses,
trademarks and similar items ......
Service concession
arrangements ................................
Intangible assets in progress
and advances ................................
Other intangible assets ................
Intangible assets with indefinite
useful lives
Goodwill ...............................
December 31, 2013
Intangible assets with finite
useful lives
Exploration expenditures ............
Industrial patents and
intellectual property rights ..........
Concessions, licenses,
trademarks and similar items ......
Service concession
arrangements ................................
Intangible assets in progress
and advances ................................
Other intangible assets ................
Intangible assets with indefinite
useful lives
Goodwill ...............................
Net book
value at the
beginning of
the year
Additions
Amortization
Impairment
losses
Changes in the
scope of
consolidation
Currency
translation
differences
Other
changes
Net book
value at the
end of the year
Gross book
value at the
end of the year
Provisions
for
depreciation
and
impairments
564
1,871
(1,886)
157
848
59
18
(58)
(134)
(1)
(1)
(74)
(46)
3,651
170
(2)
(3,716)
244
1,423
6,887
159
17
2,294
(127)
(2,207)
(1)
(1,030)
(1,033)
(57)
40
(3,853)
4,018
10,905
2,294
(2,207)
(1,342)
(2,375)
(216)
(4,069)
(10)
1
9
54
548
2,653
2,105
138
1,206
1,068
(1)
684
2,522
1,838
(71)
(83)
32
(60)
32
47
15
262
362
2,026
268
2,145
8,841
6
1,783
6,815
(1)
(61)
2,461
4,487
7
(2)
2
548
1,697
(1,764)
(19)
462
2,712
2,250
(55)
(2)
(1)
20
131
1,250
1,119
31
17
138
684
32
(115)
(15)
(2)
262
362
2,026
124
18
1,887
(40)
(1,976)
(157)
(174)
2,461
4,487
1,887
(1,976)
(333)
(507)
34
34
5
2
576
2,497
1,921
32
48
16
(26)
(13)
(12)
360
169
1,730
365
2,112
8,984
5
1,943
7,254
1
(11)
2,146
3,876
(1)
(21)
(17)
(38)
Capitalized exploration expenditures of (cid:1)462 million ((cid:1)548 million at December 31, 2012) mainly related to
the residual book value of license acquisition costs that are amortized on a straight-line basis over the contractual
term of the exploration lease or fully written off against profit and loss upon expiration of terms or management’s
decision to cease any exploration activities. Additions for the year of (cid:1)1,697 million ((cid:1)1,871 million in 2012)
included exploration drilling expenditures which are fully capitalized to reflect their investment nature and then
entirely amortized for (cid:1)1,509 million ((cid:1)1,650 million in 2012) and license acquisition costs of (cid:1)188 million ((cid:1)221
million in 2012) primarily related to the acquisition of new exploration acreage in Cyprus and Vietnam.
Amortizations of (cid:1)1,764 million ((cid:1)1,886 million in 2012) included amortizations of license acquisition costs for
(cid:1)255 million ((cid:1)206 million in 2012).
Industrial patents and intellectual property rights of (cid:1)131 million ((cid:1)138 million at December 31, 2012) related
to Eni SpA for (cid:1)86 million ((cid:1)89 million at December 31, 2012) and essentially concerned costs for the acquisition
and internal development of software and rights for the use of production processes and software.
Concessions, licenses, trademarks and similar items for (cid:1)576 million ((cid:1)684 million at December 31, 2012)
primarily comprised transmission rights for natural gas imported from Algeria of (cid:1)523 million ((cid:1)614 million at
December 31, 2012) and concessions for mineral exploration of (cid:1)20 million ((cid:1)47 million at December 31, 2012).
Service concession arrangements of (cid:1)32 million primarily pertained to gas distribution activities outside Italy
(same amount as of December 31, 2012).
Intangible assets in progress and advances of (cid:1)360 million ((cid:1)262 million at December 31, 2012) related to Eni
SpA for (cid:1)267 million ((cid:1)189 million at December 31, 2012) and primarily concerned cost for software development.
F-41
Other intangible assets with finite useful lives of (cid:1)169 million ((cid:1)362 million at December 31, 2012) comprised:
(i) royalties for the use of licenses by Versalis SpA amounting to (cid:1)52 million ((cid:1)56 million at December 31, 2012);
and (ii) the estimated costs of Eni’s social responsibility projects in relation to oil development programs in Val
d’Agri and in the North Adriatic area connected to mineral rights under concession for (cid:1)35 million ((cid:1)44 million at
December 31, 2012) following commitments made with the Basilicata Region, the Emilia Romagna Region and the
Province and Municipality of Ravenna. Impairments regarded a loss of (cid:1)157 million ((cid:1)774 million in 2012)
recorded on the customer relationship which was recognized upon the business combination of Distrigas NV (now
Eni Gas & Power NV) and allocated to the European Market CGU. The driver of the impairments was the
continuing competitive pressure in Benelux considering the reduced profitability outlook of the European Market
CGU in the light of the structural headwinds of the European gas sector, as described below in the disclosure about
goodwill impairments. Furthermore, in 2012, an impairment loss of (cid:1)256 million was recorded to write off the book
value of an option to develop an offshore storage facility for commercial modulation of gas in the British North Sea,
which was recognized upon the acquisition of Eni Hewett Ltd, driven by continuing weakness in the European gas
scenario.
The main depreciation rates used were substantially unchanged from the previous year and ranged as follows:
(%)
Exploration expenditures ....................................................................................................................
Industrial patents and intellectual property rights .............................................................................
Concessions, licenses, trademarks and similar items .......................................................................
Service concession arrangements ......................................................................................................
Other intangible assets ........................................................................................................................
14
20
3
2
4
-
-
-
-
-
33
33
33
4
25
Impairment losses of intangible assets with indefinite useful lives (goodwill) amounted to (cid:1)333 million ((cid:1)1,342
million in 2012) and primarily pertained to the Gas & Power segment for (cid:1)329 million ((cid:1)1,342 million in 2012).
Changes in the scope of consolidation of intangible assets with indefinite useful lives (goodwill) of (cid:1)34 million
comprised the goodwill recognition made on the purchase price allocation in the business combination of ASA
Trade SpA, a company marketing gas in Tuscany, following the 100% acquisition ((cid:1)24 million) and of Est Più SpA,
a company marketing gas and electricity in Friuli Venezia Giulia, following the acquisition of a 30% control stake
((cid:1)10 million). In 2012, changes in the scope of consolidation of intangible assets with indefinite useful life
(goodwill) of (cid:1)216 million comprised the deconsolidation of Gruppo Snam following the loss of control ((cid:1)314
million) and the inclusion of Nuon Belgium NV (now merged in Eni Gas & Power NV) and Nuon Power
Generation Walloon NV (now EniPower Generation NV) following the 100% acquisition ((cid:1)98 million).
The carrying amount of goodwill at the end of the year was (cid:1)2,146 million ((cid:1)2,461 million at December 31,
2012) net of cumulative impairments amounting to (cid:1)2,396 million ((cid:1)2,070 million at December 31, 2012). The
breakdown of goodwill by operating segment is as follows:
((cid:1) million)
Gas & Power ..................................................................................................................
Engineering & Construction ..........................................................................................
Exploration & Production .............................................................................................
Refining & Marketing ...................................................................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
1,286
750
265
160
2,461
991
748
250
157
2,146
Goodwill acquired through business combinations has been allocated to the cash generating units (“CGUs”)
that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the acquisition. The CGUs of the Gas & Power segment are
represented by such commercial business units which cash flows are largely interdependent and therefore benefit
from acquisition synergies. The recoverable amounts of the CGUs are determined by discounting the future cash
flows derived from the continuing use of the CGUs by applying the perpetuity method to assess the terminal value.
For the determination of the cash flows see note 15 – Property, plant and equipment. In the Gas & Power segment
the adjusted WACC discount rates ranged from 6.4% to 10.2% as the WACC of the segment was adjusted to take
into account the specific risks of the countries in which the activity takes place. For the Engineering & Construction
segment, the rate used was 7.6% and was not adjusted to a specific country risk as the invested capital of the
company mainly refers to movable properties. Both the segments registered a reduction of 50-20 basis points due to
the lower risk premium for Italy.
F-42
Post-tax cash flows and discount rates were adopted as they resulted in an assessment that substantially
approximated a pre-tax assessment.
In the Gas & Power segment goodwill has been allocated to the following CGUs.
Gas & Power segment
((cid:1) million)
Domestic gas market ......................................................................................................
Foreign gas market .........................................................................................................
- of which European market ..........................................................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
767
519
511
1,286
801
190
188
991
Goodwill allocated to the CGU Domestic gas market was recognized upon the buy-out of Italgas SpA
minorities in 2003 through a public offering ((cid:1)706 million). This CGU engages in supplying gas to residential
customers and small businesses. The increase from 2012 of (cid:1)34 million comprised the acquisition of local
companies engaged in retail sale activities. The impairment review performed at the balance sheet date confirmed
the recoverability of the carrying amount of the goodwill.
At December 31, 2013, the residual amounts of goodwill allocated to the European gas market CGUs related to
the business combinations Altergaz SA (now Eni Gas & Power France SA) in France, Nuon Belgium NV (now
merged in Eni Gas & Power NV) in Belgium which is operating in retail sale activities. At December 31, 2012,
these CGUs also comprised the goodwill related to gas wholesale and LNG activities acquired through Distrigas NV
(now Eni Gas & Power NV) in Belgium and gas wholesale and LNG activities managed directly by the Gas
& Power Division of Eni SpA involving large customers (North-West Europe Area – France, Germany, Benelux,
United Kingdom, Switzerland and Austria). Those wholesale activities benefited of the synergies from the business
combination of Distrigas. In performing the impairment review of the recoverability of the carrying amount,
management recognized an impairment loss of goodwill amounting to (cid:1)323 million, thus completely writing off the
goodwill allocated to these CGUs, considering a reduced profitability outlook due to the structural changes in the
economics of the gas business.
The key assumptions adopted in assessing future cash flow projections of the CGUs included marketing
margins, forecast sales volumes, the discount rate and the growth rates adopted to determine the terminal value.
Information on these drivers was derived from the four-year plan approved by the Company’s management which
reduced with respect to past reviews the projected returns and cash flows particularly for the assets subject to
impairment, driven by expectations of a weak recovery in gas demand due to slow dynamics of European economies
and competition from other resources, persistent oversupply and high competitive pressure. These drivers will
continue to weigh on spot prices of gas, to which selling prices in the European markets are benchmarked.
Management expects that spot prices of gas in the next four-year period will show negative spreads towards the
oil-linked costs of gas supplies. In the light of the expected trends in the gas market, management plans to
renegotiate the economic terms and flexibility conditions at the Company’s main long-term supply contracts. The
expected results of these renegotiations are factored in the economic and financial projections of the four-year plan
adopted by the management for the gas business. For the assets subject to impairment, management is now
assuming in the updated plan with respect to the previous plan: (i) a significant reduction in the long-term average
unit marketing margins; (ii) a reduction in sales volumes; (iii) a slightly lower discount rate; and (iv) to assess the
terminal value, the long-term growth rate of the perpetuity was set to zero, unchanged from the previous reporting
period.
The value-in-use of the CGU European gas market which led to an impairment of the goodwill was assessed by
discounting the associated post-tax cash flows at a post-tax rate of 6.6% corresponding to a pre-tax rate of 11.4%
(7.3% and 12%, respectively in 2012).
The excess of the recoverable amount of the CGU Domestic gas market over its carrying amount including the
allocated portion of goodwill (headroom) amounting to (cid:1)650 million would be reduced to zero under each of the
following alternative hypothesis: (i) a decrease of 35% on average in the projected commercial margins; (ii) a
decrease of 35% on average in the projected sales volumes; (iii) an increase of 7 percentage points in the discount
rate; and (iv) a negative nominal growth rate of 12%. The recoverable amount of the CGU Domestic gas market and
the relevant sensitivity analysis were calculated solely on the basis of retail margins.
F-43
Engineering & Construction segment
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Offshore E&C ................................................................................................................
Onshore E&C .................................................................................................................
Other ...............................................................................................................................
415
316
19
750
415
314
19
748
The segment goodwill of (cid:1)748 million was mainly recognized following the acquisition of Bouygues Offshore
SA, now Saipem SA ((cid:1)710 million) and allocated to the CGUs Offshore E&C and Onshore E&C. The impairment
review performed at the balance sheet date confirmed the recoverability of the carrying amounts of both those
CGUs, including the allocated portions of goodwill.
The key assumptions adopted for assessing the recoverable amounts of those two CGUs which exceeded their
respective carrying amounts related to operating results, the discount rate and the growth rates of the perpetuity
adopted to determine the terminal value. Information on those drivers were collected from the four-year plan
approved by the Company’s management, while the terminal value was estimated by using a perpetual nominal
growth rate of 2% applied to the normalized cash flow of the last year in the four-year plan. Value-in-use of both
CGUs was assessed by discounting the associated post-tax cash flows at a post-tax rate of 7.6% (7.8% in 2012)
which corresponds to pre-tax rates of 10.0% and 11.0% for the Offshore E&C business unit and the Onshore E&C
business unit, respectively (9.9% and 10.7%, respectively in 2012). The headroom of the Offshore E&C business
unit of (cid:1)3,471 million would be reduced to zero under each of the following alternative changes in the above
mentioned assumptions: (i) a linear decrease of 49% in the operating result over all the years of the plan and the
terminal value; (ii) an increase of 5 percentage points in the discount rate; and (iii) negative real growth rate.
Changes in each of the assumptions that would cause the headroom of the Onshore E&C business unit to be reduced
to zero are greater than those applicable to the Offshore E&C construction CGU described above.
The Exploration & Production and the Refining & Marketing segments tested their goodwill, yielding the
following results: (i) in the Exploration & Production segment with goodwill amounting to (cid:1)250 million,
management believes that there are no reasonably possible changes in the pricing environment and production/cost
profiles that would cause the headroom of the relevant CGUs to be reduced to zero. Goodwill mainly refers to the
portion of the purchase price that was not allocated to proved or unproved properties in the business combinations
Lasmo, Burren Energy (Congo) and First Calgary. During 2013, goodwill attributed to minor activities in Italy was
impaired for an amount of (cid:1)4 million; and (ii) in the Refining & Marketing segment goodwill amounted to (cid:1)157
million at the balance sheet date. Goodwill amounting to (cid:1)137 million pertained to retail networks acquired in
previous years in Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia for which profitability expectations have
remained unchanged from the previous-year impairment review.
18 Investments
Investments accounted for using the equity method
((cid:1) million)
December 31, 2012
Investments in unconsolidated
entities controlled by Eni ............
Joint ventures ...............................
Associates ....................................
December 31, 2013
Investments in unconsolidated
entities controlled by Eni ............
Joint ventures ...............................
Associates ....................................
Book value at
the beginning
of the year
Additions
Divestments and
reimbursements
Share of profit
of equity-
accounted
investments
Share of loss
of equity-
accounted
investments
Deduction
for dividends
Changes in
the scope of
consolidation
Currency
translation
differences
Book value at
the end of the
year
Other changes
222
1,790
3,012
5,024
215
1,445
1,793
3,453
6
185
139
330
9
50
230
289
(11)
(1)
(321)
(333)
(11)
(1)
(12)
37
244
170
451
37
145
131
313
(4)
(95)
(151)
(250)
(9)
(31)
(65)
(105)
(36)
(206)
(129)
(371)
(24)
(47)
(195)
(266)
29
(473)
(48)
(492)
(19)
(19)
(2)
(12)
(32)
(46)
(6)
(94)
(73)
(173)
(26)
13
(847)
(860)
(2)
(389)
64
(327)
215
1,445
1,793
3,453
201
1,068
1,884
3,153
F-44
In 2013, additions of (cid:1)289 million mainly related to capital contributions to joint ventures and associates
engaged in the realization of projects in the interest of Eni: Angola LNG Ltd ((cid:1)98 million) which is currently
building a liquefaction plant in order to monetize Eni’s gas reserves in that Country (Eni’s interest in the project
being 13.6%); South Stream Transport BV ((cid:1)44 million) which is engaged in the study of feasibility of the South
Stream pipeline; PetroJunin SA ((cid:1)43 million) which is developing gas and crude oil fields in Venezuela; and
Novamont SpA ((cid:1)41 million) which is engaged in the “green chemistry” project at the Porto Torres plant.
Divestments and reimbursements of (cid:1)12 million related to the sale of Est Reti Elettriche SpA.
Eni’s share of profit of equity-accounted investments and dividend decrease pertained to the following entities:
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Share
of profit
of equity-
accounted
investments
Deduction
for dividends
Eni’s
interest (%)
Share
of profit
of equity-
accounted
investments
Deduction
for dividends
Eni’s
interest (%)
United Gas Derivatives Co ...........................
PetroSucre SA ...............................................
Unión Fenosa Gas SA ...................................
Unimar Llc ....................................................
Eni BTC Ltd ..................................................
CARDÓN IV SA ..........................................
Galp Energia SGPS SA (a) .............................
Other investments .........................................
68
3
149
38
30
1
80
82
451
33.33
26.00
50.00
50.00
100.00
50.00
24.34
60
108
78
31
55
39
371
56
44
38
30
25
21
99
313
33.33
26.00
50.00
50.00
100.00
50.00
60
105
19
22
60
266
___________________
(a)
The investment was accounted for under the equity method until the date of loss of significant influence.
Eni’s share of losses of equity-accounted investments related to the following entities:
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Angola LNG Ltd ......................................................................................
Petromar Lda ............................................................................................
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA .............................................
Zagoryanska Petroleum BV ....................................................................
Distribudora de Gas del Centro SA ........................................................
EnBW Eni Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH .............................................
Other investments ....................................................................................
Share
of loss
of equity-
accounted
investments
Share
of loss
of equity-
accounted
investments
Eni’s
interest (%)
35
13.60
60.00
31.35
50.00
50
12
82
71
250
42
18
14
5
26
105
Eni’s
interest (%)
13.60
70.00
20.00
60.00
Losses at the equity-accounted investments in Angola LNG Ltd ((cid:1)42 million) related to pre-production
expenses and operating costs for commissioning a re-gasification plant.
Other changes of (cid:1)327 million comprised the reclassification to assets held for sale of Artic Russia BV for
(cid:1)449 million and, as increase, the reclassification from other investments of Novamont SpA for (cid:1)35 million and the
revaluation of Ceská Rafinérská AS for (cid:1)21 million. At the balance sheet date, Eni’s interest in Artic Russia was
classified as an asset held for sale and measured at fair value due to the loss of joint control over the investee
following the satisfaction, before year end, of all conditions precedent to the Sale and Purchase Agreement signed
with Gazprom in November 2013. The re-measurement at fair value recorded to profit amounted to (cid:1)1,682 million.
The consideration for the disposal was cashed in on January 15, 2014.
F-45
List of equity-accounted investments:
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Net carrying
value
Number of
shares held
Eni’s
interest (%)
Net carrying
value
Number of
shares held
Eni’s
interest (%)
Investments in unconsolidated entities
controlled by Eni
Eni BTC Ltd .....................................................................
Other investments (*) ........................................................
Joint ventures
Unión Fenosa Gas SA .....................................................
Eteria Parohis Aeriou Thessalonikis AE ........................
CARDÓN IV SA .............................................................
Unimar Llc .......................................................................
Eteria Parohis Aeriou Thessalias AE .............................
Petromar Lda ...................................................................
Artic Russia BV ...............................................................
Other investments (*) ........................................................
Associates
Angola LNG Ltd ..............................................................
EnBW Eni Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH .....................
PetroSucre SA ..................................................................
United Gas Derivatives Co .............................................
Novamont SpA ................................................................
Fertilizantes Nitrogenados de Oriente CEC ...................
PetroJunin SA ..................................................................
South Stream Transport BV ............................................
Rosetti Marino SpA .........................................................
Other investments (*) ........................................................
34,000,000
100.00
34,000,000
100.00
97
118
215
507
131
73
70
46
44
436
138
1,445
273,100
116,546,500
6,455
50
38,445,008
1
12,000
1,060 1,279,887,652
1
5,727,800
950,000
162
242
106
68 1,933,662,121
8,640,000
10
82,396
14
29
800,000
102
1,793
3,453
50.00
49.00
50.00
50.00
49.00
70.00
60.00
13.60
50.00
26.00
33.33
20.00
40.00
20.00
20.00
96
105
201
547
130
102
76
45
22
146
1,068
273,100
116,546,500
8,605
50
38,445,008
1
1,067 1,410,127,664
1
179
5,727,800
173
950,000
96
6,667
77
68 1,933,565,443
44,424,000
51
82,396
51
32
800,000
90
1,884
3,153
50.00
49.00
50.00
50.00
49.00
70.00
13.60
50.00
26.00
33.33
25.00
20.00
40.00
20.00
20.00
______
(*)
Each individual amount included herein was lower than (cid:1)25 million.
Carrying amounts of equity-accounted investments included differences between the purchase price of the
interest acquired and the book value of the corresponding fraction of net equity amounting to (cid:1)334 million, of which
(cid:1)195 million pertained to Unión Fenosa Gas SA (goodwill), (cid:1)78 million to EnBW Eni Verwaltungsgesellschaft
mbH (of which goodwill (cid:1)16 million) and (cid:1)43 million to Novamont SpA (goodwill).
The table below sets out the provisions for losses included in the provisions for contingencies of (cid:1)151 million
((cid:1)176 million at December 31, 2012), primarily related to the following equity-accounted investments:
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico - ISAF - SpA (in liquidation) ............................
VIC CBM Ltd ................................................................................................................
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA ...................................................................
Other investments ..........................................................................................................
102
13
19
42
176
92
18
9
32
151
F-46
Other investments
((cid:1) million)
December 31, 2012
Investments
in unconsolidated
entities controlled
by Eni ...............................
Associates ........................
Other investments:
- valued at fair value ........
- valued at cost .................
December 31, 2013
Investments
in unconsolidated
entities controlled
by Eni ...............................
Associates ........................
Other investments:
- valued at fair value ........
- valued at cost .................
Net book value
at the
beginning of
the year
Additions
Divestments
Valuation at
fair value
Currency
translation
differences
Other changes
Net book value
at the end of
the year
Gross book
value at the
end of the year
Accumulated
impairment
charges
3
13
383
399
15
12
4,782
276
5,085
12
49
61
(13)
(358)
(145)
(516)
2,528
2,528
(2,191)
(5)
(2,196)
3
3
179
179
12
2,612
(8)
2,616
(1)
1
(36)
(36)
(3)
(3)
(8)
(8)
15
12
4,782
276
5,085
14
13
2,770
230
3,027
16
12
4,782
277
5,087
15
13
2,770
233
3,031
1
1
2
1
3
4
Investments in unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni and associates are stated at cost net of impairment
losses. Other investments, for which fair value cannot be reliably determined, were recognized at cost and adjusted
for impairment losses.
In 2013, divestments and reimbursements of other investments valued at fair value for (cid:1)2,191 million are stated
net of gains on disposals ((cid:1)98 million) and related to the sale of an 11.69% in the share capital of Snam SpA for
(cid:1)1,392 million and an 8.19% in the share capital of Galp Energia SGPS SA for (cid:1)799 million.
On May 9, 2013, Eni completed the sale of 395,253,345 shares equal to 11.69% of the share capital of Snam
SpA. The offering, carried out through an accelerated book-building aimed at qualified institutional investors, was
priced at (cid:1)3.69 per share for a total consideration amounting to (cid:1)1,459 million. The gain amounted to (cid:1)67 million.
Following the placement, Eni holds 288,683,602 shares equal to 8.54% of the share capital of Snam which are
underlying the (cid:1)1,250 million convertible bond, issued on January 18, 2013, due on January 18, 2016. At December
31, 2013, the retained interest in Snam was stated at fair value for (cid:1)1,174 million, which was determined at a market
price of (cid:1)4.07 per share.
On May 31, 2013, Eni completed the placement of 55,452,341 ordinary shares, corresponding to approximately
6.69% of the share capital of Galp Energia SGPS SA. The offering, carried out through an accelerated book-building
procedure aimed at qualified institutional investors, was priced at (cid:1)12.22 per share for a total consideration
amounting to (cid:1)678 million. The gain amounted to (cid:1)26 million. Furthermore, during 2013, Eni executed private
placements and spot sales of Galp’s shares equal to 1.50% of the share capital, for a total consideration of (cid:1)152
million, at an average price of (cid:1)12.21 per share, and a gain amounting to (cid:1)5 million. At December 31, 2013, Eni
holds 133,945,630 shares equal to 16.15% of Galp’s outstanding share capital, of which 8% underlies the
exchangeable (approximately (cid:1)1,028 million) bond issued on November 30, 2012 to be due on November 30, 2015
and 8.15% are subject to pre-emptive rights or options exercisable by Amorim Energia. At December 31, 2013, the
retained interest in Galp was stated at fair value for (cid:1)1,596 million determined at a market price of (cid:1)11.92 per share.
Fair value adjustment of (cid:1)179 million related to Snam SpA and Galp Energia SGPS SA, of which (cid:1)168 million
were reported through profit as income from investments in application of the fair value option provided by IAS 39
in order to eliminate an accounting mismatch derived from the measurement at fair value through profit as a result
of the options embedded in the convertible bonds.
In 2012, divestments of (cid:1)516 million related for (cid:1)358 million to the sale through an accelerated book-building
procedure with institutional investors of 4% of the share capital of Galp Energia SGPS SA for a total consideration
of (cid:1)381 million and a gain on divestment of (cid:1)23 million and to the sale of Interconnector (UK) Ltd for (cid:1)136 million.
In 2012, adjustment at fair value of (cid:1)2,528 million related to the initial recognition and subsequent
measurement at market prices of the interests in Snam SpA ((cid:1)1,465 million, of which (cid:1)1,457 million
F-47
recognized in the profit and loss account and (cid:1)8 million in other comprehensive income) and Galp Energia SGPS
SA ((cid:1)1,063 million of which (cid:1)930 million recognized in the profit and loss account and (cid:1)133 million in other
comprehensive income) that, as a consequence of the loss of control on Snam following the transaction with Cassa
Depositi e Prestiti and the loss of significant influence on Galp following Eni’s exit from the shareholders’ pact,
were stated as financial investment in the item “Other investments”.
The fair values were estimated on the basis of market quotations.
The net carrying amount of other investments of (cid:1)3,027 million ((cid:1)5,085 million at December 31, 2012) was
related to the following entities:
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Net carrying
amount
Number of
shares held
Eni’s
interest (%)
Net carrying
amount
Number of
shares held
Eni’s
interest (%)
Investments in unconsolidated
entities controlled by Eni ................................................
Associates ........................................................................
Other investments:
- Galp Energia SGPS SA ................................................
- Snam SpA ......................................................................
- Nigeria LNG Ltd ...........................................................
- Darwin LNG Pty Ltd ....................................................
- Novamont SpA ..............................................................
- other (*) ............................................................................
15
12
2,374
2,408
90
65
35
86
5,058
5,085
_______
(*)
Each individual amount included herein was lower than (cid:1)25 million.
201,839,604
683,936,947
118,373
213,995,164
3,530
24.34
20.23
10.40
10.99
15.00
133,945,630
288,683,602
118,373
213,995,164
16.15
8.54
10.40
10.99
14
13
1,596
1,174
86
58
86
3,000
3,027
Provisions for losses related to other investments, included within the provisions for contingencies, amounted
to (cid:1)12 million ((cid:1)18 million at December 31, 2012).
Other information about investments
The following table summarizes key financial data, net to Eni, as disclosed in the latest available financial
statements of unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni, joint ventures and associates:
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Unconsolidated
entities
controlled
by Eni
Joint
ventures
Associates
Total assets ....................................................
Total liabilities ..............................................
Net sales from operations .............................
Operating profit .............................................
Net profit .......................................................
1,604
1,497
97
5
39
3,000
1,597
2,274
346
149
3,080
1,294
1,800
257
170
Unconsolidated
entities
controlled
by Eni
1,633
1,533
101
(4)
21
Joint
ventures
3,227
2,175
1,787
33
104
Associates
2,888
989
1,690
108
77
Total assets and liabilities of unconsolidated controlled entities of (cid:1)1,633 million and (cid:1)1,533 million,
respectively ((cid:1)1,604 million and (cid:1)1,497 million at December 31, 2012) pertained to entities acting as sole-operator
in the management of oil and gas contracts for (cid:1)1,283 million and (cid:1)1,283 million ((cid:1)1,249 million and (cid:1)1,249
million at December 31, 2012). The residual amount pertained to not significant entities that were excluded from the
scope of consolidation for the reasons described in note 2 – Principles of consolidation.
F-48
19 Other financial assets
((cid:1) million)
Financing receivables for operating purposes ..............................................................
Securities held for operating purposes ..........................................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
844
69
913
778
80
858
Financing receivables for operating purposes are stated net of the valuation allowance for doubtful accounts of
(cid:1)66 million ((cid:1)30 million at December 31, 2012).
Financing receivables for operating purposes of (cid:1)778 million ((cid:1)844 million at December 31, 2012) primarily
pertained to loans granted by the Exploration & Production segment ((cid:1)569 million), the Gas & Power segment
((cid:1)157 million) and the Refining & Marketing segment ((cid:1)4 million). Receivables for financial leasing of (cid:1)13 million
at December 31, 2012, were nil at December 31, 2013, as a result of the sale of Finpipe GIE. Financing receivables
granted to unconsolidated subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates amounted to (cid:1)320 million.
Financing receivables for operating purposes in currencies other than euro amounted to (cid:1)729 million ((cid:1)785
million at December 31, 2012).
Financing receivables for operating purposes due beyond five years amounted to (cid:1)474 million ((cid:1)525 million at
December 31, 2012).
The valuation at fair value of financing receivables of (cid:1)816 million has been estimated based on the present
value of expected future cash flows discounted at rates ranging from 0.5% to 4.2% (0.4% and 3.3% at December 31,
2012). The fair value hierarchy is level 2.
Securities of (cid:1)80 million ((cid:1)69 million at December 31, 2012) were designated as held-to-maturity. The
following table analyses securities per issuing entity:
Amortized cost
((cid:1) million)
Nominal value
((cid:1) million)
Fair value
((cid:1) million)
Nominal rate
of return (%)
Maturity date
Rating -
Moody’s
Rating -
S&P
Sovereign states
Fixed rate bonds
Italy .............................................
Slovenija .....................................
Spain ...........................................
Belgium ......................................
Floating rate bonds
Italy .............................................
Belgium ......................................
Spain ...........................................
France .........................................
Slovakia ......................................
Total sovereign states ..............
Floating rate bonds
European Investment Bank ...
Other securities issued
by Financial Institutions .........
20
8
3
2
15
7
7
5
2
69
8
3
80
21
8
3
2
15
7
7
5
2
70
8
3
81
from 3.50 to 4.75 from 2014 to 2021
2014
from 4.38 to 4.88
2015
3.00
2018
1.25
from 2014 to 2016
2016
2015
2014
2015
Baa2
Ba1
Baa3
Aa3
Baa2
Aa3
Baa3
Aa1
A2
BBB
A-
BBB-
AA
BBB
AA
BBB-
AA
A
from 2016 to 2018
Aaa
AAA
2014
Baa3
BBB-
22
8
3
2
15
7
7
5
2
71
8
3
82
Securities with a maturity beyond five years amounted to (cid:1)5 million.
The fair value of securities was derived from market prices.
Receivables with related parties are described in note 43 – Transactions with related parties.
F-49
20 Deferred tax assets
Deferred tax assets are stated net of amounts of deferred tax liabilities that can be offset for (cid:1)3,562 million
((cid:1)3,649 million at December 31, 2012).
((cid:1) million)
Amount
at Dec. 31,
2012
Additions
Deductions
Currency
translation
differences
Other
changes
Amount
at Dec. 31,
2013
5,005
2,066
(2,285)
(237)
109
4,658
Net decrease of (cid:1)347 million included: (i) a write down of (cid:1)954 million that was recognized on deferred tax
assets recorded by the parent company Eni SpA and other Italian subsidiaries which were part of the consolidated
accounts for Italian tax purposes. Management recorded a write down on those deferred tax assets to reflect a lower
likelihood that those deferred tax assets can be recovered in future periods due to an expected reduction in taxable
income generated in Italy; and (ii) a decrease of (cid:1)766 million of deferred tax assets in relation to the renegotiation of
the contractual terms and the duration extension of some development licenses as a compensation of the renounce to
the deferred tax assets recoverability related to cost incurred and not yet recovered for tax purposes.
Deferred tax assets are further described in note 30 – Deferred tax liabilities.
Income taxes are described in note 40 – Income tax expense.
21 Other non-current receivables
((cid:1) million)
Tax receivables from:
- Italian tax authorities
. income tax ..................................................................................................................
. interest on tax credits ................................................................................................
- foreign tax authorities .................................................................................................
Other receivables:
- related to divestments ..................................................................................................
- other non-current .........................................................................................................
Fair value of non-hedging derivatives ..........................................................................
Fair value of cash flow hedge derivative instruments .................................................
Other asset ......................................................................................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
113
62
175
116
291
752
361
1,113
429
2
2,563
4,398
133
65
198
267
465
702
148
850
256
6
2,099
3,676
Receivables originated from divestments amounted to (cid:1)702 million ((cid:1)752 million at December 31, 2012)
and included: (i) the residual outstanding amount of (cid:1)166 million recognized following the compensation agreed
with the Republic of Venezuela for the expropriated Dación oilfield in 2006. The receivable accrues interests at
market conditions as the collection has been fractionated in installments. In 2013, reimbursements amounted to (cid:1)68
million (US$ 90 million). Negotiations for further compensations are ongoing; (ii) the long-term portion of a
receivable of (cid:1)341 million related to the divestment of the 1.71% interest in the Kashagan project to the local partner
KazMunaiGas on the basis of the agreements defined with the international partners of the North Caspian Sea
PSA and the Kazakh government, which became effective from January 1, 2008. The reimbursement of the
receivable is provided for in three annual installments starting from the date when the production will reach a
commercial level. The receivable accrues interest income at market rates; and (iii) the long-term portion of a
receivable of (cid:1)46 million related to the divestment of the 3.25% interest in the Karachaganak project (equal to the
Eni’s 10% interest) to the Kazakh partner KazMunaiGas as part of an agreement reached in December 2011
between the Contracting Companies of the Final Production Sharing Agreement (FPSA) and Kazakh Authorities
which settled disputes on the recovery of the costs incurred by the International Consortium to develop the field, as
well as a certain tax claims. The agreement, effective from June 28, 2012, entailed a net cash consideration to Eni, to
F-50
be paid in cash in three years through monthly installments starting in July 2012. The receivable accrues interest
income at market rates. In 2013, reimbursements amounted to (cid:1)82 million. The short-term portion is disclosed in
note 10 – Trade and other receivables.
Receivables with related parties are described in note 43 – Transactions with related parties.
The fair value of non-hedging derivative contracts was as follows:
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Derivatives on exchange rate
Interest currency swap ..................................
Currency swap ...............................................
Derivatives on interest rate
Interest rate swap ..........................................
Derivatives on commodities
Over the counter ............................................
Future .............................................................
Fair value
Purchase
commitments
Sale
commitments
Fair value
Purchase
commitments
Sale
commitments
235
29
264
80
80
80
5
85
429
868
714
1,582
736
736
581
147
728
3,046
284
645
929
2
2
547
4
551
1,482
138
47
185
58
58
13
13
256
754
194
948
642
642
94
94
1,684
271
509
780
6
6
46
46
832
Derivative fair values are calculated basing on market quotations provided by primary info-provider, or in the
absence of market information, appropriate valuation techniques generally adopted in the marketplace.
Fair values of non-hedging derivatives of (cid:1)256 million ((cid:1)429 million at December 31, 2012) consisted of
derivatives that did not meet the formal criteria to be designated as hedges under IFRS because they were entered
into in order to manage net exposures to foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices.
Therefore, such derivatives did not relate to specific trade or financing transactions.
Fair value of cash flow hedge derivatives of (cid:1)6 million ((cid:1)2 million at December 31, 2012) related to hedges
entered by the Gas & Power segment. Further information is disclosed in note 14 – Other current assets. Fair value
related to the contracts expiring beyond 2014 is disclosed in note 31 – Other non-current liabilities; fair value related
to the contracts expiring in 2014 is disclosed in note 14 – Other current assets and in note 26 – Other current
liabilities. The effects of fair value evaluation of cash flow hedges are disclosed in note 33 – Shareholders’ equity
and note 37 – Operating expenses.
Nominal values of cash flow hedge derivatives for sale commitments were (cid:1)132 million (purchase and sale
commitments of (cid:1)21 million and (cid:1)60 million at December 31, 2012, respectively).
Information on the hedged risks and the hedging policies is disclosed in note 35 – Guarantees, commitments
and risks - Risk factors.
Other non-current asset amounted to (cid:1)2,099 million ((cid:1)2,563 million at December 31, 2012), of which (cid:1)1,892
million ((cid:1)2,367 million at December 31, 2012) were deferred costs relating to the obligation to pay in advance the
contractual price of the volumes which the Company failed to collect up to the minimum contractual take in order
to fulfill the take-or-pay clause provided by the relevant long-term supply contracts (see “Other payables” of note
23 – Trade and other payables). The reduction from the previous year is due to the collection of a part of the pre-
paid volumes as a consequence of the benefits deriving from the renegotiations that ensured improved flexibility.
Those prepayments were classified as non-current assets, as the Company plans to collect the pre-paid quantities
beyond the term of 12 months. In accordance with those arrangements, the Company is contractually required to
collect minimum annual quantities of gas, or in case of failure, is contractually obliged to pay the whole price or a
fraction of it for the uncollected volumes up to the minimum annual quantity. The Company is entitled to collect
the pre-paid volumes in future years alongside contract execution, up to contract expiration or in a shorter term as
the case may be. Those deferred costs, which are equivalent to a receivable in-kind, are stated at the purchase cost
or the net realizable value, whichever is lower. Prior-years impairment losses are reversed up to the purchase
cost, whenever market conditions indicate that impairment no longer exits or may have decreased. The amount of
pre-paid volumes reflects ongoing weak market conditions in the European gas sector due to declining
demand and strong competitive pressures fuelled by oversupplies. Those trends prevented Eni from fulfilling its
minimum take obligations associated with its gas supply contracts. Management plans to recover those
F-51
pre-paid volumes over the long-term by leveraging on a projected sales expansion in target European Markets and in
Italy supported by the Company’s strengthening market leadership and improved competitiveness of the Company’s
cost position considering the expected benefits of ongoing and planned contract renegotiations and the expected
benefits associated with the reduction of minimum take quantities in future years and other operating flexibilities
(i.e. changes in delivery points and LNG supplies in place of those by pipeline) which the Company plans to achieve
as a result of ongoing and planned contract renegotiations, including the non-renewing of expiring contracts.
Current liabilities
22 Short-term debt
((cid:1) million)
Banks ..............................................................................................................................
Commercial papers ........................................................................................................
Other financial institutions ............................................................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
278
1,481
273
2,032
306
1,767
480
2,553
The increase in short-term debt of (cid:1)521 million included net assumptions for (cid:1)1,017 million, partially offset by
foreign currency translation differences of (cid:1)562 million. Commercial papers of (cid:1)1,767 million ((cid:1)1,481 million at
December 31, 2012) were issued by the Group’s financial subsidiaries Eni Finance USA Inc ((cid:1)1,587 million) and
Eni Finance International SA ((cid:1)180 million).
The breakdown by currency of short-term debt is provided below:
((cid:1) million)
Euro .................................................................................................................................
U.S. dollar .......................................................................................................................
Other currencies .............................................................................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
240
1,604
188
2,032
485
1,845
223
2,553
As of December 31, 2013, the weighted average interest rate on short-term debt was 1.1% (1.7% as of
December 31, 2012).
At December 31, 2013, Eni had undrawn committed and uncommitted borrowing facilities amounting to
(cid:1)2,141 million and (cid:1)12,187 million, respectively ((cid:1)1,241 million and (cid:1)10,932 million at December 31, 2012). Those
facilities bore interest rates reflecting prevailing conditions in the marketplace. Charges for unutilized facilities were
immaterial.
At December 31, 2013, Eni was in compliance with covenants and other contractual provisions in relation to
borrowing facilities.
The fair value of short-term debt and loans matched their respective carrying amounts considering the
short-term maturity.
Payables due to related parties are described in note 43 – Transactions with related parties.
F-52
23 Trade and other payables
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Trade payables ...............................................................................................................
Down payments and advances ......................................................................................
Other payables:
- related to capital expenditures ....................................................................................
- others ............................................................................................................................
15,052
2,254
2,100
4,260
6,360
23,666
15,584
2,462
2,045
3,610
5,655
23,701
The increase in trade receivables amounting to (cid:1)532 million primarily related to the increases in the Gas
& Power segment ((cid:1)642 million) and the Exploration & Production segment ((cid:1)281 million), partially offset by the
decrease in the Refining & Marketing segment ((cid:1)276 million).
Down payments and advances20 for (cid:1)2,462 million ((cid:1)2,254 million at December 31, 2012) related to contract
work in progress in the Engineering & Construction segment for (cid:1)1,231 million and (cid:1)825 million ((cid:1)814 million and
(cid:1)872 million at December 31, 2012, respectively).
Other payables were as follows:
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Payables related to capital expenditures due to
Suppliers in relation to investing activities ..................................................................
Joint venture operators in exploration and production activities ................................
Other ...............................................................................................................................
Other payables
Joint venture operators in exploration and production activities ................................
Employees ......................................................................................................................
Social security entities ...................................................................................................
Non-financial government entities ................................................................................
Other ...............................................................................................................................
1,623
440
37
2,100
2,375
373
223
243
1,046
4,260
6,360
1,479
479
87
2,045
2,160
391
179
229
651
3,610
5,655
The decrease in other payables of (cid:1)650 million included the amounts paid to the Company’s gas suppliers
relating to the triggering of the take-or-pay clause of the relevant long-term supply contracts ((cid:1)542 million). For
further information see note 21 – Other non-current receivables.
The fair value of trade and other payables matched their respective carrying amounts considering the short-term
maturity of trade payables.
Payables to related parties are described in note 43 – Transactions with related parties.
24 Income taxes payable
((cid:1) million)
Italian subsidiaries .........................................................................................................
Foreign subsidiaries .......................................................................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
153
1,480
1,633
69
686
755
(20) Down payments received for long-term contracts in progress correspond to the amounts invoiced to customers in excess of the work accrued at the end of the
reporting period based on the percentage of completion. Advances on long-term contracts in progress include advanced payments made by customers and
contractually agreed; these advanced payments are used during the contract execution in connection with the invoicing of the works performed.
F-53
The decrease in income taxes payable by foreign subsidiaries for (cid:1)794 million primarily related to the foreign
companies of the Exploration & Production segment ((cid:1)677 million).
Income tax expenses are described in note 40 – Income taxes.
25 Other taxes payable
((cid:1) million)
Excise and customs duties .............................................................................................
Other taxes and duties ....................................................................................................
26 Other current liabilities
((cid:1) million)
Fair value of cash flow hedge derivatives ....................................................................
Fair value of other derivatives .......................................................................................
Other liabilities ...............................................................................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
1,299
889
2,188
1,256
1,035
2,291
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
31
893
494
1,418
213
782
442
1,437
Derivative fair values were estimated on the basis of market quotations provided by primary info-provider, or
alternatively, appropriate valuation techniques commonly used on the marketplace.
The fair value of cash flow hedge derivatives amounted to (cid:1)213 million ((cid:1)31 million at December 31, 2012)
and essentially pertained to hedges entered by the Gas & Power segment. Those derivatives were designated to
hedge exchange rate and commodity risk exposures as described in note 14 – Other current assets. Fair value of
contracts expiring by end of 2014 is disclosed in note 14 – Other current assets; fair value of contracts expiring
beyond 2014 is disclosed in note 31 – Other non-current liabilities and in note 21 – Other non-current receivables.
The effects of the evaluation at fair value of cash flow hedge derivatives are disclosed in note 33 – Shareholders’
equity and in note 37 – Operating expenses. The nominal value of cash flow hedge derivatives referred to purchase
and sale commitments for (cid:1)3,689 million and (cid:1)1,393 million, respectively ((cid:1)341 million and (cid:1)271 million at
December 31, 2012, respectively).
The fair value of other derivative contracts is presented below:
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Fair value
Purchase
commitments
Sale
commitments
Fair value
Purchase
commitments
Sale
commitments
Derivatives on exchange rate
Currency swap ...............................................
Outright ..........................................................
Derivatives on interest rate
Interest rate swap ..........................................
Derivatives on commodities
Over the counter ............................................
Future .............................................................
Other ..............................................................
1,291
1,291
88
88
2,969
67
2
3,038
4,417
177
102
279
1
1
488
12
2
502
782
6,963
1,983
8,946
6,187
181
6,368
15,314
893
893
121
121
995
37
2
1,034
2,048
180
1
181
1
1
689
11
11
711
893
7,531
102
7,633
8,311
382
8,693
16,326
F-54
Fair values of other derivatives of (cid:1)782 million ((cid:1)893 million at December 31, 2012) consisted of: (i) (cid:1)376
million ((cid:1)538 million at December 31, 2012) of derivatives that lacked the formal criteria to be designated as hedges
under IFRS because they were entered into in order to manage net exposures to movements in foreign currencies,
interest rates or commodity prices; (ii) (cid:1)405 million ((cid:1)349 million at December 31, 2012) of commodity derivatives
entered for trading purposes and proprietary trading; (iii) (cid:1)1 million ((cid:1)5 million at December 31, 2012) related to
fair value hedge derivatives; and (iv) (cid:1)1 million as of December 31, 2012 of derivatives embedded in the pricing
formulas of certain long-term supply contracts of gas in the Exploration & Production segment.
Information on hedged risks and hedging policies is disclosed in note 35 – Guarantees, commitments and risks
- Risk factors.
The decrease in other current liabilities of (cid:1)52 million included advances recovered from gas customers who
off-took lower volumes than the contractual minimum take provided by the relevant long-term supply contract
((cid:1)142 million).
Transactions with related parties are described in note 43 – Transactions with related parties.
Non-current liabilities
27 Long-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt
((cid:1) million)
At December 31,
Current
maturity
Long-term maturity
Maturity range
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
After
Total
Banks ............................................
Ordinary bonds ............................
Convertible bonds ........................
Other financial institutions ..........
2014-2027
2014-2043
2015-2016
2014-2027
4,083
16,824
990
263
22,160
2,390
18,151
2,240
226
23,007
397
1,698
8
29
2,132
418
2,203
1,003
33
3,657
420
1,496
1,229
34
3,179
223
2,655
35
2,913
174
1,176
37
1,387
758
8,923
58
9,739
1,993
16,453
2,232
197
20,875
Long-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt of (cid:1)23,007 million ((cid:1)22,160 million at December 31,
2012) increased by (cid:1)847 million. The increase comprised new issuance of (cid:1)5,418 million net of repayments made
for (cid:1)4,720 million and currency translation differences relating foreign subsidiaries and debt denominated in foreign
currency recorded by euro-reporting subsidiaries for (cid:1)37 million.
Debt due to banks of (cid:1)2,390 million ((cid:1)4,083 million at December 31, 2012) included amounts against
committed borrowing facilities for (cid:1)3 million.
Debt due to other financial institutions of (cid:1)226 million ((cid:1)263 million at December 31, 2012) included (cid:1)31
million of finance lease transactions (same amount as of December 31, 2012).
Eni entered into long-term borrowing facilities with the European Investment Bank. These borrowing facilities
are subject to the maintenance of certain financial ratios based on Eni’s Consolidated Financial Statements or a
minimum level of credit rating. According to the agreements, should the Company lose the minimum credit rating,
new guarantees would be required to be agreed upon with the European Investment Bank. In addition, Eni entered
into long and medium-term facilities with Citibank Europe Plc providing for conditions similar to those applied by
the European Investment Bank. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, debts subjected to restrictive covenants amounted
to (cid:1)1,782 million and (cid:1)1,994 million, respectively. A possible non-compliance with those covenants would be
immaterial to the Company’s ability to finance its operations. As of the balance sheet date, Eni was in compliance
with those covenants.
Ordinary bonds of (cid:1)18,151 million ((cid:1)16,824 million at December 31, 2012) consisted of bonds issued within
the Euro Medium Term Notes Program for a total of (cid:1)13,945 million and other bonds for a total of (cid:1)4,206 million.
F-55
The following table provides a breakdown of bonds by issuing entity, maturity date, interest rate and currency
as of December 31, 2013:
Discount
on bond
issue and
accrued
expense
Amount
((cid:1) million)
Issuing entity
Euro Medium Term Notes:
- Eni SpA .......................................
- Eni SpA .......................................
- Eni SpA .......................................
- Eni SpA .......................................
- Eni SpA .......................................
- Eni SpA .......................................
- Eni SpA .......................................
- Eni SpA .......................................
- Eni SpA .......................................
- Eni SpA .......................................
- Eni SpA .......................................
- Eni Finance International SA ..
- Eni Finance International SA ..
- Eni Finance International SA ..
- Eni Finance International SA ..
- Eni Finance International SA ..
1,500
1,500
1,250
1,250
1,200
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
800
750
540
445
248
163
16
13,662
Other bonds:
- Eni SpA .................................
- Eni SpA .................................
- Eni SpA .................................
- Eni SpA .................................
- Eni SpA .................................
- Eni SpA .................................
- Eni USA Inc .........................
1,109
1,000
1,000
326
254
215
290
4,194
17,856
Total
Currency
Maturity
Rate %
from
to
from
to
65
11
69
1
18
34
29
18
3
1
10
12
7
2
3
283
16
(4)
2
(2)
12
295
1,565
1,511
1,319
1,251
1,218
1,034
1,029
1,018
1,003
801
760
552
452
250
166
16
13,945
1,109
1,016
996
328
254
215
288
4,206
18,151
EUR
EUR
EUR
EUR
EUR
EUR
EUR
EUR
EUR
EUR
EUR
GBP
EUR
YEN
USD
EUR
EUR
EUR
EUR
USD
USD
EUR
USD
2018
2017
2014
2014
2016
2019
2014
2017
2025
2020
2018
2020
2023
2021
2019
2021
2043
2037
2015
2015
2017
2015
2015
2020
2040
2017
2027
4.750
3.750
1.530
4.450
5.000
4.125
5.875
4.750
3.750
4.250
3.500
4.000
3.250
2.625
3.750
6.125
5.600
2.810
4.800
variable
4.875
4.000
variable
4.150
5.700
variable
7.300
As of December 31, 2013, ordinary bonds maturing within 18 months ((cid:1)3,493 million) were issued by Eni SpA
((cid:1)3,331 million) and Eni Finance International SA ((cid:1)162 million). During 2013, new bonds for (cid:1)3,096 million were
issued by Eni SpA and Eni Finance International SA ((cid:1)3,022 million and (cid:1)74 million, respectively).
The following table provides a breakdown of convertible bonds by issuing entity, maturity date, interest rate
and currency as of December 31, 2013:
((cid:1) million)
Issuing entity
Eni SpA .........................................................
Eni SpA .........................................................
Amount
1,250
1,028
2,278
Discount
on bond issue
and accrued
expense
Total
Currency
Maturity
Rate %
(13)
(25)
(38)
1,237
1,003
2,240
EUR
EUR
2016
2015
0.625
0.250
A bond amounting to (cid:1)1,237 million (nominal value of (cid:1)1,250 million) is convertible into ordinary shares of
Snam SpA. The underlying shares are (cid:1)288.7 million ordinary shares, corresponding to approximately 8.54% of the
current outstanding share capital of Snam at a strike price of approximately (cid:1)4.33 a share, representing a 20%
premium to market prices current at the date of the issuance.
A bond amounting to (cid:1)1,003 million (nominal value of (cid:1)1,028 million) is convertible into ordinary shares of
Galp Energia SGPS SA. The underlying share are approximately 66.3 million ordinary shares of Galp,
corresponding to approximately 8% of the current outstanding share capital of Galp at a strike price of
approximately (cid:1)15.50 a share, representing a 35% premium to market prices current at the date of the issuance.
F-56
Those convertible bonds are stated at amortized cost, while the call option embedded in the bonds is measured
at fair value through profit. Changes in fair value of the shares underlying the bonds were reported through profit as
opposed to equity based on the fair value option provided by IAS 39 from inception.
The following table provides a breakdown by currency of long-term debt and its current portion and the related
weighted average interest rates.
Euro ...............................................................................
U.S. dollar .....................................................................
British pound ................................................................
Japanese yen .................................................................
Other currencies ...........................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
((cid:1) million)
Average rate
(%)
Dec. 31, 2013
((cid:1) million)
Average rate
(%)
19,265
1,967
564
363
1
22,160
3.6
5.3
5.3
2.1
6.7
20,537
1,668
552
250
23,007
3.4
5.4
5.3
2.2
As of December 31, 2013, Eni had undrawn long-term committed borrowing facilities of (cid:1)4,719 million
((cid:1)6,928 million at December 31, 2012). Those facilities bore interest rates and charges for unutilized facilities
reflecting prevailing conditions on the marketplace.
Eni has in place a program for the issuance of Euro Medium Term Notes up to (cid:1)15 billion, of which (cid:1)13.7
billion were drawn as of December 31, 2013. The Group has credit ratings of A and A-1, respectively for long and
short-term debt assigned by Standard & Poor’s and A3 and P-2 for long and short-term debt assigned by Moody’s.
The outlook is negative in both ratings. Eni’s credit rating is linked in addition to the Company’s industrial
fundamentals and trends in the trading environment to the sovereign credit rating of Italy. On the basis of the
methodologies used by Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s, a potential downgrade of Italy’s credit rating may trigger a
potential knock-on effect on the credit rating of Italian issuers such as Eni and make it more likely that the credit
rating of the notes or other debt instruments issued by the Company could be downgraded.
Fair value of long-term debt, including the current portion of long-term debt amounted to (cid:1)22,891 million
((cid:1)24,857 million at December 31, 2012):
((cid:1) million)
Ordinary bonds ...............................................................................................................
Convertible bonds ..........................................................................................................
Banks ..............................................................................................................................
Other financial institutions ............................................................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
19,239
1,059
4,239
320
24,857
18,071
2,188
2,382
250
22,891
Fair value was estimated by discounting the expected future cash flows at discount rates ranging from 0.5% to
4.2% (0.4% and 3.3% at December 31, 2012). The fair value hierarchy is level 2.
At December 31, 2013, Eni did not pledge restricted deposits as collateral against its borrowings.
Information on net borrowings
In assessing its capital structure, Eni uses net borrowings, which is a non-GAAP financial measure. Eni
calculates net borrowings as total finance debt (short-term and long-term debt) derived from its Consolidated
Financial Statements prepared in accordance with IFRS as endorsed by IASB less: cash, cash equivalents and
certain highly liquid investments not related to operations including, among others, non-operating financing
receivables and securities not related to operations. Non-operating financing receivables consist mainly of deposits
with banks and other financing institutions and deposits in escrow. Securities not related to operations consist
primarily of government bonds and securities from financing institutions. These assets are generally intended to
absorb temporary surpluses of cash as part of the Company’s ordinary management of financing activities.
Management believes that net borrowings is a useful measure of Eni’s financial condition as it provides insight
about the soundness of Eni’s capital structure and the ways by which Eni’s operating assets are financed. In
addition, management utilizes the ratio of net borrowings to total shareholders’ equity including non-controlling
interest (leverage) to assess Eni’s capital structure, to analyze whether the ratio between finance debt and
shareholders’ equity is well balanced according to industry standards and to track management’s short-term and
F-57
medium-term targets. Management continuously monitors trends in net borrowings and trends in leverage in order to
optimize the use of internally-generated funds versus funds from third parties. The measure calculated in accordance
with IFRS that is most directly comparable to net borrowings is total debt (short-term and long-term debt). The most
directly comparable measure, derived from IFRS reported amounts, to calculate leverage is the ratio of total debt to
shareholders’ equity (including non-controlling interest). Eni’s presentation and calculation of net borrowings and
leverage may not be comparable to that of other companies.
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Current
Non-
current
Total
Current
Dec. 31, 2013
Non-
current
A. Cash and cash equivalents ........................... 7,936
B. Held-for-trading financial assets .................
C. Available-for-sale financial assets ..............
36
D. Liquidity (A+B+C) ..................................... 7,972
E. Financing receivables ................................ 1,151
278
F. Short-term debt towards banks ....................
G. Long-term debt towards banks ....................
980
H. Bonds ............................................................ 2,006
154
I. Short-term debt towards related parties ......
L. Other short-term liabilities .......................... 1,600
M. Other long-term liabilities ...........................
29
N. Total borrowings (F+G+H+I+L+M) ....... 5,047
O. Net borrowings (N-D-E) ............................ (4,076)
3,103
15,808
234
19,145
19,145
7,936
36
7,972
1,151
278
4,083
17,814
154
1,600
263
24,192
15,069
5,431
5,004
33
10,468
129
306
397
1,706
264
1,983
29
4,685
(5,912)
1,993
18,685
197
20,875
20,875
Total
5,431
5,004
33
10,468
129
306
2,390
20,391
264
1,983
226
25,560
14,963
Financial assets held for trading of (cid:1)5,004 million were maintained by Eni SpA. For further information see
note 8 – Financial assets held for trading.
Available-for-sale securities of (cid:1)33 million ((cid:1)36 million at December 31, 2012) were held for non-operating
purposes. The Company held at the reporting date certain held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities which
were destined to operating purposes amounting to (cid:1)282 million ((cid:1)270 million at December 31, 2012), of which (cid:1)202
million ((cid:1)196 million at December 31, 2012) were held to hedge the loss reserve of Eni Insurance Ltd. Those
securities are excluded from the calculation above.
Financing receivables of (cid:1)129 million ((cid:1)1,151 million at December 31, 2012) were held for non-operating
purposes. The Company held at the reporting date certain financing receivables which were destined to operating
purposes amounting to (cid:1)884 million ((cid:1)609 million at December 31, 2012), of which (cid:1)481 million ((cid:1)302 million at
December 31, 2012) were in respect of financing granted to unconsolidated subsidiaries, joint ventures and affiliates
which executed capital projects and investments on behalf of Eni’s Group companies and a (cid:1)321 million cash
deposit ((cid:1)280 million at December 31, 2012) to hedge the loss reserve of Eni Insurance Ltd. Those financing
receivables are excluded from the calculation above.
F-58
28 Provisions for contingencies
((cid:1) million)
Carrying
amount at
Dec. 31,
2012
New or
increased
provisions
Initial
recognition
and changes
in estimates
Accretion
discount
Reversal
of utilized
provisions
Reversal
of unutilized
provisions
Currency
translation
differences
Other changes
Provision for site restoration,
abandonment and social projects ................... 7,404
Provision for environmental risks ................. 2,928
Provision for legal and other proceedings .... 1,419
395
Provision for taxes ..........................................
202
Provision for redundancy incentives .............
Provision for onerous contracts .....................
54
Loss adjustments and actuarial
provisions for Eni’s insurance companies ....
Provision for green certificates ......................
Provision for losses on investments ..............
Provision for disposal and restructuring .......
Provision for OIL insurance cover ................
Provision for long-term
construction contracts .....................................
Provision for the supply of goods ..................
Other (*) ............................................................
343
219
194
39
106
52
24
188
13,567
(191)
241
(3)
2
158
431
130
251
381
156
101
14
62
1
69
84
1,838
(191)
240
(300)
(182)
(781)
(18)
(51)
(39)
(130)
(55)
(3)
(36)
(24)
(19)
(1,638)
Carrying
amount at
Dec. 31,
2013
6,899
2,862
858
477
407
372
358
255
163
96
93
83
(2)
(31)
(209)
(2)
(13)
(10)
(32)
(3)
(5)
(298)
(2)
(13)
(16)
(11)
(3)
1
(1)
(2)
45
(6)
11
(14)
5
(11)
(10)
(8)
(4)
(311)
(2)
(347)
(50)
(38)
197
13,120
_______
(*)
Each individual amount included herein was lower than (cid:1)50 million.
Provisions for site restoration, abandonment and social projects amounted to (cid:1)6,899 million. Those provisions
comprised the discounted estimated costs that the Company expects to incur for decommissioning oil and natural
gas production facilities at the end of the producing lives of fields, well-plugging, abandonment and site restoration
((cid:1)6,533 million). Initial recognition and changes in estimates amounted to (cid:1)191 million and were primarily due to
estimates’ revisions of decommissioning costs, changes in discount rates and new liabilities of the year in the
Exploration & Production segment. The accretion discount recognized in the profit and loss account for (cid:1)241
million was determined by adopting discount rates ranging from 0.7% to 9.4% (from 1.4% to 9.3% at December 31,
2012). Main expenditures associated with site restoration and decommissioning operations are expected to be
incurred over a 30-year period starting from 2017.
Provisions for environmental risks amounted to (cid:1)2,862 million. Those provisions comprised the estimated costs
for environmental clean-up and restoration of certain industrial sites which were owned or held in concession by the
Company, and subsequently divested, shut down or liquidated. Those environmental provisions are recognized when
an environmental project is approved by or filed with the relevant administrative authorities or a constructive
obligation has arisen whereby the Company commits itself to perform certain cleaning-up and restoration projects
and a reliable cost estimation is available. At December 31, 2013, provisions for environmental risks primarily
related to Syndial SpA ((cid:1)2,353 million) and the Refining & Marketing segment ((cid:1)381 million). Additions of (cid:1)158
million primarily related to the Refining & Marketing segment ((cid:1)75 million) and Syndial SpA ((cid:1)62 million).
Utilizations of (cid:1)182 million primarily related to Syndial SpA ((cid:1)96 million) and the Refining & Marketing segment
((cid:1)66 million).
Provisions for legal and other proceedings of (cid:1)858 million comprised the expected liabilities due to failure to
perform certain contractual obligations and estimated future losses on pending litigation including legal risks of
liability, antitrust proceedings, administrative matters and commercial arbitration proceedings. These provisions
represented the Company’s best estimate of the expected probable liabilities associated with pending litigation and
commercial proceedings and primarily related to the Gas & Power segment ((cid:1)438 million) and Syndial SpA ((cid:1)157
million). Additions and utilizations of (cid:1)431 million and (cid:1)781 million, respectively, mainly related to the Gas
& Power segment and were recognized to take account of gas price revisions at both long-term supply and sale
contracts, including the settlement of certain arbitrations. Reversals of unutilized provision of (cid:1)209 million were
primarily made by the Gas & Power segment.
Provisions for taxes of (cid:1)477 million included the estimated charges that the Company expects to incur for
unsettled tax claims in connection with uncertainties in the application of tax rules at certain Italian and foreign
subsidiaries in the Exploration & Production segment ((cid:1)396 million) and the Engineering & Construction segment
((cid:1)55 million).
F-59
Provisions for redundancy incentives of (cid:1)407 million were recognized due to a restructuring program involving
the Italian personnel for the period 2010-2011 and 2013-2014 in compliance with Law No. 223/1991. Additions of
(cid:1)251 million related to the restructuring program for the period 2013-2014.
Provisions for onerous contracts of (cid:1)372 million related to the execution of contracts where the expected costs
exceed the relevant benefits. In particular, the provision comprised the estimated expected losses on a re-gasification
project in the United States and on an unutilized infrastructure for gas transportation.
Loss adjustments and actuarial provisions of Eni’s insurance company Eni Insurance Ltd of (cid:1)358 million
represented the estimated liabilities accrued on the basis for third parties claims. Against such liability was recorded
a receivable of (cid:1)152 million recognized towards insurance companies for reinsurance contracts.
Provisions for green certificates of (cid:1)255 million included additional charges that electric power producers must
sustain for using non-renewable sources of energy.
Provisions for losses on investments of (cid:1)163 million were made with respect to certain investees for which
expected or incurred losses exceeded carrying amounts.
Provisions for disposal and restructuring of (cid:1)96 million essentially related to the Versalis segment ((cid:1)56
million) and Syndial SpA ((cid:1)28 million).
Provisions for the OIL mutual insurance scheme of (cid:1)93 million included the estimated future increase of
insurance premiums which will be charged to Eni in the next five years and that accrued at the reporting date
because of the effective accident rate occurred in past reporting periods.
Provisions for long-term construction contracts of (cid:1)83 million related to the Engineering & Construction
segment.
29 Provisions for employee benefits
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
TFR .................................................................................................................................
Foreign defined benefit plans ........................................................................................
Supplementary medical reserve for Eni managers (FISDE)
and other foreign medical plans ....................................................................................
Other foreign long-term benefit plans ..........................................................................
357
701
143
206
1,407
350
615
136
178
1,279
Provisions for benefits upon termination of employment primarily related to a provisions accrued by Italian
companies for employee retirement, determined using actuarial techniques and regulated by Article 2120 of the
Italian Civil Code. The benefit is paid upon retirement as a lump sum, the amount of which corresponds to the total
of the provisions accrued during the employees’ service period based on payroll costs as revalued until retirement.
Following the changes in the law regime, from January 1, 2007 accruing benefits have been contributing to a
pension fund or a treasury fund held by the Italian administration for post-retirement benefits (Inps). For companies
with less than 50 employees, it will be possible to continue the scheme as in previous years. Therefore, contributions
of future TFR provisions to pension funds or the Inps treasury fund determines that these amounts will be treated in
accordance to a defined contribution scheme. Amounts already accrued before January 1, 2007 continue to be
accounted for as defined benefits to be assessed based on actuarial assumptions.
Pension funds are defined benefit plans provided by foreign subsidiaries located mainly in Nigeria, Germany
and United Kingdom. Benefits under these plans consist of payments based on seniority and the salary paid in the
last year of service, or alternatively, the average annual salary over a defined period prior to the retirement.
Group companies provide healthcare benefits. Liability to these plans (FISDE and other foreign healthcare
plans) and the current cost are limited to the contributions made by the Company for retired managers.
Other benefits primarily consisted of monetary and long-term incentive schemes to Group managers and jubilee
awards. Provisions for the monetary incentive scheme are assessed based on the estimated bonuses which will be
F-60
granted to those managers who will achieve certain individual performance goals weighted with the likelihood that
the Company delivers the planned profitability targets. Provisions for the long-term incentive scheme are assessed
on the basis of the estimated trends of a performance indicator as benchmarked against a group of international oil
companies. Both of these incentive schemes normally vest over a three-year period. Jubilee awards are benefits due
following the attainment of a minimum period of service and, for the Italian companies, consist of an in-kind
remuneration.
Present value of employee benefits, estimated by applying actuarial techniques, consisted of the following:
((cid:1) million)
Present value of benefit liabilities
at beginning of year ...........................................
Current cost ..........................................................
Interest cost ..........................................................
Remeasurements: .................................................
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes
in demographic assumptions ...........................
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes
in financial assumptions ...................................
- experience (gains) losses ..................................
Past service cost and settlements ........................
Plan contributions: ...............................................
- employee contributions .....................................
Benefits paid ........................................................
Changes in the scope of consolidation ...............
Currency translation differences
and other changes ................................................
Present value of benefit liabilities
at end of year (a) ................................................
Plan assets at beginning of year ......................
Interest income ....................................................
Return on plan assets ...........................................
Past service cost and settlements ........................
Administration expenses paid .............................
Plan contributions: ...............................................
- employee contributions .....................................
- employer contributions .....................................
Benefits paid ........................................................
Currency translation differences
and other changes ................................................
Plan assets at end of year (b) ...........................
Net liability recognized
at end of year (a-b) ............................................
TFR
394
15
64
61
3
(34)
(84)
2
357
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Foreign
defined
benefit
plans
FISDE
and other
foreign
medical
plans
Other
foreign
long-term
benefit
plans
Total
TFR
Foreign
defined
benefit
plans
FISDE
and other
foreign
medical
plans
Other
foreign
long-term
benefit
plans
Total
1,129
49
41
66
124
1
6
24
211
54
5
4
1,858
104
67
158
357 1,320
58
46
(51)
11
(5)
(3)
6
38
28
(3)
(34)
72
1,320
570
22
3
27
27
(20)
17
619
27
(3)
4
126
32
(3)
(2)
(7)
(6)
1
(49)
(23)
(124)
(113)
(14)
1
4
79
(45)
(12)
5
1
1
(34)
(88)
143
206
2,026
570
22
3
27
27
(20)
17
619
350 1,257
619
22
2
(1)
(1)
39
1
38
(16)
(22)
642
143
3
4
(7)
(4)
(2)
(1)
206
48
3
(25)
2,026
109
64
(88)
1
(21)
(5)
(2)
(68)
(20)
3
1
1
(103)
1
(7)
(48)
(4)
(92)
136
178
1,921
619
22
2
(1)
(1)
39
1
38
(16)
(22)
642
357
701
143
206
1,407
350
615
136
178
1,279
Foreign defined benefit plans amounting to (cid:1)615 million ((cid:1)701 million at December 31, 2012) primarily related
to pension plans for (cid:1)424 million ((cid:1)517 million at December 31, 2012).
Net liability relating to foreign defined benefit plans included the liability attributable to joint venture partners
operating in exploration and production activities of (cid:1)264 million ((cid:1)308 million at December 31, 2012). Eni
recorded a receivable for an amount equivalent to such liability.
Other long-term employee benefit plans of (cid:1)178 million ((cid:1)206 million at December 31, 2012) primarily related
to deferred monetary incentive plans for (cid:1)86 million ((cid:1)107 million at December 31, 2012), jubilee awards for (cid:1)48
million ((cid:1)56 million at December 31, 2012), the long-term incentive plan for (cid:1)8 million ((cid:1)11 million at December
31, 2012) and other foreign long-term plans for (cid:1)36 million ((cid:1)32 million at December 31, 2012).
F-61
Costs charged to the profit and loss account consisted of the following:
TFR
Foreign defined
benefit plans
FISDE and
other foreign
medical plans
Other foreign
long-term
benefit plans
Total
((cid:1) million)
2012
Current cost .............................................
Past service cost and settlements ...........
Interest cost (income), net:
- interest cost on liabilities .....................
- interest income on plan assets .............
Total interest cost (income), net .............
- of which recognized in payroll
and related cost ....................................
- of which recognized
in financial income (expense) ..............
Re-measurements for long-term plans ...
Other costs/Administration
expenses paid ..........................................
Total ........................................................
- of which recognized in payroll
and related cost ....................................
- of which recognized
in financial income (expense) ..............
2013
Current cost .............................................
Past service cost and settlements ...........
Interest cost (income), net:
- interest cost on liabilities .....................
- interest income on plan assets .............
Total interest cost (income), net .............
- of which recognized in payroll
and related cost ....................................
- of which recognized
in financial income (expense) ..............
Re-measurements for long-term plans ...
Other costs/Administration
expenses paid ..........................................
Total ........................................................
- of which recognized in payroll
and related cost ....................................
- of which recognized in
15
15
15
15
15
11
11
11
11
financial income (expense) ..................
11
49
(3)
41
(22)
19
19
65
46
19
58
6
46
(22)
24
24
1
89
65
24
1
6
6
6
7
1
6
3
4
4
4
7
3
4
54
5
5
5
4
63
63
48
(2)
3
3
3
(25)
24
24
104
(3)
67
(22)
45
5
40
4
150
110
40
109
4
64
(22)
42
3
39
(25)
1
131
92
39
Costs recognized in other comprehensive income consisted of the following:
((cid:1) million)
Re-measurements
Actuarial (gains)/losses due to changes
in demographic assumptions ...................................
Actuarial (gains)/losses due to changes
in financial assumptions ..........................................
Experience (gains) losses ........................................
Return on plan assets ...............................................
2012
2013
Foreign
defined
benefit plans
FISDE and
other foreign
medical
plans
TFR
Total
TFR
Foreign
defined
benefit plans
FISDE and
other foreign
medical
plans
Total
61
3
64
38
28
(3)
63
27
(3)
24
126
28
(3)
151
(3)
(2)
(5)
6
(45)
(12)
(2)
(53)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(47)
(15)
(2)
(65)
F-62
Plan assets consisted of the following:
((cid:1) million)
Cash and
cash
equivalents
Equity
securities
Debt
securities
Real
estate
Derivatives
Investment
funds
Assets
held by
insurance
company Other
Total
Plan assets with a quoted market price ................................
Plan assets without a quoted market price ...........................
20
2
22
88
88
412
7
419
9
2
11
5
5
2
1
3
1
5
6
85
3
88
622
20
642
Plan assets are generally managed by external asset managers pursuing investment strategies, defined by Eni’s
companies, with the aim of ensuring that assets are sufficient to pay the benefits. For this purpose, the investments
are aimed at maximizing the expected return and limit the risk level through proper diversification.
The main actuarial assumptions used in the evaluation of the liabilities at year end and in the estimate of costs
expected for 2014 consisted of the following:
TFR
Foreign defined
benefit plans
FISDE and
other foreign
medical plans
Other foreign
long-term
benefit plans
2012
Discount rate ..........................................................
(%)
(%)
Rate of compensation increase ..............................
Rate of price inflation ............................................
(%)
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 ............ (years)
2013
Discount rate ..........................................................
(%)
(%)
Rate of compensation increase ..............................
(%)
Rate of price inflation ............................................
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 ............ (years)
3.0
3.0
2.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
1.9-15.5
2.0-14.0
0.5-13.8
15-24
2.1-13.5
2.0-14.0
0.6-11.0
15-24
3.0
2.0
24
3.0
2.0
24
1.2-3.0
2.0
1.1-3.0
2.0
The following is an analysis by geographic area of the main actuarial assumptions used in the evaluation of the
principal foreign defined benefit plans:
Euro area
Rest
of Europe
Africa
Other
areas
Foreign
defined
benefit
plans
2013
(%)
Discount rate ..........................................................
(%)
Rate of compensation increase ..............................
(%)
Rate of price inflation ............................................
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 ............ (years)
2.9-3.3
2.0-3.1
2.0
21
2.1-4.4
2.5-4.9
0.6-3.4
22-24
3.5-13.5
2.5-7.8
5.0-14.0 5.0-10.0
3.5-11.0
3.0-5.5
15
2.1-13.5
2.0-14.0
0.6-11.0
15-24
The discount rate used was determined on the base of corporate bond yields (rating AA) in countries with a
significant market, or in the absence, of government bond yields. The demographic tables adopted are those used by
each country for the assessments of IAS 19. The inflation rate was determined by considering the long-term
forecasts issued by national or international banks.
F-63
The effects of a possible change in the main actuarial assumptions at the end of the year are listed below:
((cid:1) million)
Discount rate
Rate of price
inflation
Rate of
increases in
pensionable
salaries
Healthcare cost
trend rate
Rate of
increases to
pensions in
payment
0.5% increase
0.5% decrease
0.5% increase
0.5% increase
0.5% increase
0.5% increase
Effect on DBO
TFR ................................................................
Foreign defined benefit plans .......................
FISDE and other foreign medical plans ......
Other foreign long-term benefit plans .........
(20)
(79)
(8)
(3)
23
80
9
3
15
38
1
26
28
9
The sensitivity analysis was performed on the basis of the results for each plan through assessments calculated
considering modified parameters.
The amount of contributions expected to be paid for employee benefit plans in the next year amounted to (cid:1)110
million, of which (cid:1)66 million related to defined benefit plans.
The following is an analysis by maturity date of the liabilities for employee benefit plans:
((cid:1) million)
TFR
Foreign defined
benefit plans
FISDE and
other foreign
medical plans
Other
long-term
benefits
2014 ..............................................................................
2015 ..............................................................................
2016 ..............................................................................
2017 ..............................................................................
2018 ..............................................................................
2019 and thereafter ......................................................
7
6
7
9
12
309
36
40
44
41
59
395
7
7
7
7
7
101
44
46
49
5
3
54
The weighted average duration of the liabilities for employee benefit plans was the following:
(years)
2012
Weighted average duration ...........................................
2013
Weighted average duration ...........................................
TFR
Foreign defined
benefit plans
FISDE and
other foreign
medical plans
Other
long-term
benefits
11.6
12.7
16.1
18.6
13.4
13.1
5.1
4.4
Transactions with related parties are described in note 43 – Transactions with related parties.
30 Deferred tax liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities were recognized net of the amounts of deferred tax assets which can be offset for (cid:1)3,562
million ((cid:1)3,649 million at December 31, 2012).
((cid:1) million)
Amount
at Dec. 31,
2012
Additions
Deductions
Currency
translation
differences
Other
changes
Amount
at Dec. 31,
2013
6,745
1,114
(1,048)
(505)
444
6,750
F-64
Deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following:
((cid:1) million)
Deferred tax liabilities ...................................................................................................
Deferred tax assets available for offset .........................................................................
Deferred tax assets not available for offset ..................................................................
Net deferred tax liabilities ..........................................................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
10,394
(3,649)
6,745
(5,005)
1,740
10,312
(3,562)
6,750
(4,658)
2,092
Net deferred tax liabilities of (cid:1)2,092 million ((cid:1)1,740 million at December 31, 2012) included the recognition of
the deferred tax effect against equity of: (i) the fair value evaluation of derivatives designated as cash flow hedge
(deferred tax assets for (cid:1)70 million); (ii) the revaluation of defined benefit plans (deferred tax assets for (cid:1)13
million); and (iii) the fair value evaluation of available-for-sale securities (deferred tax liabilities for (cid:1)2 million).
The most significant temporary differences giving rise to net deferred tax liabilities are disclosed below:
((cid:1) million)
Deferred tax liabilities
Accelerated tax depreciation ........................
Difference between the fair value
and the carrying amount of assets acquired
following business combinations .................
Site restoration and abandonment
(tangible assets) .............................................
Application of the weighted average
cost method in evaluation of inventories .....
Capitalized interest expense .........................
Other ..............................................................
Deferred tax assets, gross
Carry-forward tax losses ...............................
Site restoration and abandonment
(provisions for contingencies) ......................
Accruals for impairment losses
and provisions for contingencies .................
Non-deductible depreciation
and amortization ............................................
Non-deductible impairment losses ...............
Unrealized intercompany profits ..................
Other ..............................................................
Impairments of deferred tax assets ..........
Deferred tax assets, net ..............................
Net deferred tax liabilities .........................
Carrying
amount
at Dec. 31,
2012
Additions
Deductions
Currency
translation
differences
Other
changes
Carrying
amount
at Dec. 31,
2013
7,412
738
(354)
(371)
200
7,625
1,158
157
(48)
537
4
(166)
(63)
(47)
91
59
89
24
1,174
10,394
27
(3)
191
1,114
(5)
(7)
(468)
(1,048)
(24)
(505)
7
357
1,295
387
111
14
880
10,312
(1,105)
(1,153)
(2,153)
(75)
(1,874)
(568)
(2,021)
(752)
(693)
(1,683)
(10,281)
1,627
(8,654)
1,740
(134)
(642)
(5)
(458)
(3,035)
969
(2,066)
(952)
20
409
726
578
161
93
298
2,285
2,285
1,237
80
73
2
64
2
43
264
(27)
237
(268)
(188)
(2,346)
(150)
(1,896)
22
(1,692)
(110)
43
135
225
(23)
1
(22)
335
(1,623)
(1,190)
(468)
(1,575)
(10,790)
2,570
(8,220)
2,092
Italian taxation law allows the carry-forward of tax losses indefinitely. Foreign taxation laws generally allow
the carry-forward of tax losses over a period longer than five years, and in many cases, indefinitely. An average tax
rate of 32.2% was applied to tax losses of Italian subsidiaries to determine the portion of the carry-forwards tax
losses which will be used in future years to offset the expected taxable profit. This rate was determined considering
the different statutory rates of taxes applicable to all Italian subsidiaries which are included in the consolidation
statement for Italian fiscal purposes. The corresponding rate for foreign subsidiaries was 33.5%.
Carry-forward tax losses amounted to (cid:1)7,379 million and can be used indefinitely for (cid:1)6,124 million.
Carry-forward tax losses regarded Italian companies for (cid:1)3,652 million and foreign companies for (cid:1)3,727 million.
Carry-forward tax losses amounted to (cid:1)6,050 million which are likely to be utilized against future taxable
profit and were in respect of Italian companies for (cid:1)3,505 million and foreign subsidiaries for (cid:1)2,545
F-65
million. Deferred tax assets recognized on these losses amounted to (cid:1)1,128 million and (cid:1)852 million, respectively.
31 Other non-current liabilities
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Fair value of non-hedging derivatives ..........................................................................
Fair value of cash flow hedge derivatives ....................................................................
Current income tax liabilities ........................................................................................
Other payables ................................................................................................................
Other liabilities ...............................................................................................................
271
13
3
57
2,254
2,598
282
1
2
74
1,900
2,259
Derivative fair values were estimated on the basis of market prices provided by primary info-provider, or
alternatively, appropriate valuation techniques commonly used in the marketplace.
The fair value of non-hedging derivative contracts and is presented below:
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Fair value
Purchase
commitments
Sale
commitments
Fair value
Purchase
commitments
Sale
commitments
Derivatives on exchange rate
Currency swap ................................................
Outright ...........................................................
Interest currency swap ...................................
Derivatives on interest rate
Interest rate swap ...........................................
Derivatives on commodities
Over the counter .............................................
Future ..............................................................
Other ...............................................................
Options embedded in convertible bonds ..
42
1
43
65
65
89
1
13
103
60
271
2,055
3
2,058
405
66
471
420
420
530
530
952
9
33
994
2,529
1,944
53
36
3
92
40
40
23
23
127
282
1,075
878
1,953
50
50
31
31
2,034
130
74
204
390
390
159
159
753
Fair value of non-hedging derivatives of (cid:1)282 million ((cid:1)271 million at December 31, 2012) consisted of:
(i) (cid:1)155 million ((cid:1)198 million at December 31, 2012) of derivatives that lacked the formal criteria to be designated
as hedges under IFRS because they were entered into in order to manage net business exposures to foreign currency
exchange rates, interest rates or commodity prices. Therefore, such derivatives were not related to specific trade or
financing transactions; (ii) (cid:1)127 million ((cid:1)60 million at December 31, 2012) related to the call option embedded in
the bonds convertible into Snam SpA and Galp Energia SGPS SA ordinary shares for (cid:1)81 million and (cid:1)46 million
(further information is disclosed in note 27 – Long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt); and (iii) (cid:1)13
million as of December 31, 2012 of derivatives embedded in the pricing formulas of certain long-term supply
contracts of gas in the Exploration & Production segment.
Fair value of cash flow hedge derivatives amounted to (cid:1)1 million ((cid:1)13 million at December 31, 2012) and
pertained to hedges entered by the Gas & Power segment. Those derivatives were designated to hedge exchange rate
and commodity risk exposures as described in note 14 – Other current assets. Fair value of contracts expiring
beyond 2014 is disclosed in note 21 – Other non-current receivables; fair value of contracts expiring by 2014 is
disclosed in note 26 – Other current liabilities and in note 14 – Other current assets. The effects of fair value
evaluation of cash flow hedge derivatives are disclosed in note 33 – Shareholders’ equity and in note 37 – Operating
expenses.
F-66
The nominal value of these derivatives referred to purchase and sale commitments for (cid:1)1 million and (cid:1)24
million, respectively ((cid:1)24 million and (cid:1)223 million at December 31, 2012, respectively).
Information on the hedged risks and the hedging policies is shown in note 35 – Guarantees, commitments and
risks - Risk factors.
Other liabilities of (cid:1)1,900 million ((cid:1)2,254 million at December 31, 2012) included advances received from
Suez following a long-term agreement for supplying natural gas and electricity of (cid:1)876 million ((cid:1)968 million at
December 31, 2012) and advances relating to amounts of gas of (cid:1)149 million ((cid:1)380 million at December 31, 2012)
which were collected for amounts lower than the minimum take for the year by certain of Eni’s clients, reflecting
take-or-pay clauses contained in the long-term sale contracts. Management believes that the underlying gas volumes
will be collected beyond the twelve-month time horizon.
Transactions with related parties are described in note 43 – Transactions with related parties.
32 Assets held for sale and liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale
Assets held for sale and liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale of (cid:1)2,296 million and (cid:1)140
million, respectively, related to: (i) a 60% stake in Artic Russia BV (entire stake owned). At the balance sheet date,
Eni’s interest in Artic Russia was classified as an asset held for sale and measured at fair value due to the loss of
joint control over the investee following the satisfaction, before year end, of all conditions precedent to the Sale and
Purchase Agreement signed with Gazprom in November 2013. The net book value of the interest of (cid:1)2,131 million
comprised the re-measurement at fair value of (cid:1)1,682 million recorded through profit. The consideration for the
disposal was cashed in on January 15, 2014. The fair value was determined on the basis of the sale price. Artic
Russia BV owns a 49% stake in Severenergia, a subsidiary which holds four licenses for the exploration and
production of hydrocarbons in the Region of Yamal Nenets (Siberia); and (ii) non-strategic assets and liabilities
directly associated in the Exploration & Production segment ((cid:1)143 million and (cid:1)140 million, respectively).
During the course of 2013, Eni concluded the disposal of non-strategic assets of the Exploration & Production
segment for a book value of (cid:1)329 million and liabilities directly associated of (cid:1)195 million and the investment in
Super Octanos CA pertaining to the Refining & Marketing segment ((cid:1)52 million).
33 Shareholders’ equity
Non-controlling interest
((cid:1) million)
Net profit
Shareholders’ equity
Saipem SpA ..................................................................
Hindustan Oil Exploration Co Ltd ..............................
Tigáz Zrt .......................................................................
Snam SpA .....................................................................
Others ............................................................................
2012
2013
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
628
(55)
(47)
356
7
889
(190)
(10)
(2)
1
(201)
3,216
65
33
43
3,357
2,748
53
38
2,839
F-67
Eni shareholders’ equity
((cid:1) million)
Share capital ...................................................................................................................
Legal reserve ..................................................................................................................
Reserve for treasury shares ...........................................................................................
Reserve related to the fair value of cash flow hedging derivatives
net of the tax effect ........................................................................................................
Reserve related to the fair value of available-for-sale securities
net of the tax effect ........................................................................................................
Reserve related to the defined benefit plans net of tax effect .....................................
Other reserves .................................................................................................................
Cumulative currency translation differences ...............................................................
Treasury shares ..............................................................................................................
Retained earnings ...........................................................................................................
Interim dividend .............................................................................................................
Net profit for the year ....................................................................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
4,005
959
6,201
4,005
959
6,201
(16)
(154)
144
(88)
292
942
(201)
40,988
(1,956)
7,790
59,060
81
(72)
296
(698)
(201)
44,626
(1,993)
5,160
58,210
Share capital
At December 31, 2013, the parent company’s issued share capital consisted of (cid:1)4,005,358,876 represented by
3,634,185,330 ordinary shares without nominal value (same amounts as of December 31, 2012).
On May 10, 2013, Eni’s Shareholders’ Meeting declared: (i) to distribute a dividend of (cid:1)0.54 a share, with the
exclusion of treasury shares held at the ex-dividend date, in full settlement of the 2012 dividend of (cid:1)1.08 a share, of
which (cid:1)0.54 a share paid as interim dividend. The balance was paid on May 23, 2013, to shareholders on the register
on May 20, 2013, record date May 22; (ii) to cancel, for the portion not yet implemented as of the date of the
Shareholders’ Meeting, the authorization granted to the Board of Directors to acquire treasury shares as resolved at
the Shareholders’ Meeting of July 16, 2012; and (iii) to authorize the Board of Directors to purchase on the Mercato
Telematico Azionario – in one or more transactions and in any case within 18 months from the date of the resolution
– up to a maximum number of 363,000,000 ordinary Eni shares, for a price comprised from a minimum
consideration of (cid:1)1.102 and up the a maximum per-share-price as high as the official price of the Eni share reported
by the Borsa Italiana the trading day prior to each individual transaction, plus 5%, and in any case up to a total
amount of (cid:1)6 billion, in accordance with the procedures established in the Rules of the Markets organized and
managed by Borsa Italiana SpA. In order to respect the limit envisaged in the third paragraph of Article 2357 of the
Italian Civil Code, the number of shares to be acquired and the relative amount shall take into account the number
and amount of Eni shares already held in the portfolio.
Legal reserve
This reserve represents earnings restricted from the payment of dividends pursuant to Article 2430 of the Italian
Civil Code. The legal reserve has reached the maximum amount required by the Italian Law.
Reserve for treasury shares
The reserve for treasury shares represents the reserve which was established in previous reporting period to
repurchase the Company shares in accordance with resolutions at Eni’s Shareholders’ Meetings. The amount of
(cid:1)6,201 million (same amount as of December 31, 2012) included the net book value of treasury shares purchased of
(cid:1)201 million.
F-68
Reserves related to the fair value evaluation of cash flow hedging derivatives,
available-for-sale financial assets and defined benefit plans
The evaluation at fair value of cash flow hedging derivatives, available-for-sale financial instruments and
defined benefit plans, net of the related tax effect, consisted of the following:
((cid:1) million)
Cash flow hedge
derivatives
Available-for-sale
financial instruments
Defined benefit plans
Total
Gross
reserve
Deferred
tax
liabilities
Net
reserve
Gross
reserve
Deferred
tax
liabilities
Net
reserve
Gross
reserve
Deferred
tax
liabilities
Net
reserve
Gross
reserve
Deferred
tax
liabilities
Net
reserve
Reserve as of
December 31, 2011 .......
Changes
of the year 2012 .............
Foreign currency
translation differences ...
Amount recognized
in the profit
and loss account .............
Reserve as of
December 31, 2012 .......
Changes
of the year 2013 .............
Foreign currency
translation differences ...
Amount recognized
in the profit
and loss account .............
Reserve as of
December 31, 2013 .......
77
(28)
49
(9)
1
(8)
68
(27)
(24)
9
(15)
157
(5)
152
(138)
50
(88)
(5)
54
41
49
(78)
(25)
(301)
28
9
93
(50)
(78)
(16)
148
(4)
144
(138)
50
(88)
(15)
28
55
(50)
40
(208)
9
9
55
(38)
17
(237)
55
(182)
(2)
1
(1)
(2)
1
(1)
102
(32)
70
(74)
(224)
70
(154)
83
2
(2)
(72)
28
(30)
(2)
81
(85)
13
(72)
(226)
81
(145)
Reserve for available-for-sale financial instruments of (cid:1)81 million ((cid:1)144 million at December 31, 2012), net of
the related tax effect, comprised the fair value valuation of the residual interests in Galp Energia SGPS SA for (cid:1)76
million (Galp Energia SGPS SA for (cid:1)130 million and Snam SpA for (cid:1)8 million at December 31, 2012) and other
securities for (cid:1)5 million ((cid:1)6 million at December 31, 2012). Negative reserve for defined benefit plans of (cid:1)72
million (negative for (cid:1)88 million at December 31, 2012), net of the related tax effect, related to investments
accounted for under the equity method for (cid:1)1 million (nil at December 31, 2012).
Other reserves
Other reserves amounted to (cid:1)296 million ((cid:1)292 million at December 31, 2012) and related to:
•
a reserve of (cid:1)247 million represented the increase in Eni shareholders’ equity associated with a business
combination under common control, whereby the parent company Eni SpA divested its subsidiary
Snamprogetti SpA to Saipem Projects SpA (both merged into Saipem SpA) at a price higher than the book
value of the interest transferred (same amount as of December 31, 2012);
a reserve of (cid:1)157 million deriving from Eni SpA’s equity (same amount as of December 31, 2012);
a reserve of (cid:1)18 million related to the sale of treasury shares to Saipem managers upon exercise of stock
options (same amount as of December 31, 2012);
a reserve of (cid:1)5 million represented the impact on Eni shareholders’ equity associated with the acquisition of
a non-controlling interest of 47.60% in the subsidiary Tigáz Zrt ((cid:1)1 million at December 31, 2012);
a negative reserve of (cid:1)124 million represented the impact on Eni shareholders’ equity associated with the
acquisition of a non-controlling interest of 45.93% in the subsidiary Altergaz SA, now Eni Gas & Power
France SA (same amount as of December 31, 2012); and
a negative reserve of (cid:1)7 million related to the share of “Other comprehensive income” on equity-accounted
entities (same amount as of December 31, 2012).
•
•
•
•
•
Cumulative foreign currency translation differences
The cumulative foreign currency translation differences arose from the translation of financial statements
denominated in currencies other than euro.
F-69
Treasury shares
A total of 11,388,287 Eni’s ordinary shares (same amount as of December 31, 2012) were held in treasury for a
total cost of (cid:1)201 million (same amount as of December 31, 2012). Outstanding treasury shares represented by
2,980,725 ordinary shares (8,259,520 ordinary shares at December 31, 2012) were underlying certain residual
stock-based compensation plans and amounted to (cid:1)53 million ((cid:1)161 million at December 31, 2012). The decrease of
5,278,795 shares in the number of shares underlying those plans related to expired awards.
More information about stock option plans is disclosed in note 37 – Operating expenses.
Interim dividend
The interim dividend for the year 2013 amounted to (cid:1)1,993 million corresponding to (cid:1)0.55 per share, as
resolved by the Board of Directors on September 19, 2013, in accordance with Article 2433-bis, paragraph 5 of the
Italian Civil Code; the dividend was paid on September 26, 2013.
Distributable reserves
At December 31, 2013, Eni shareholders’ equity included distributable reserves of approximately (cid:1)47,300
million.
Reconciliation of net profit and shareholders’ equity of the parent company Eni SpA
to consolidated net profit and shareholders’ equity
((cid:1) million)
Net profit
Shareholders’ equity
As recorded in Eni SpA’s Financial Statements ...
Excess of net equity stated in the separate accounts
of consolidated subsidiaries over the corresponding
carrying amounts of the parent company ...................
Consolidation adjustments:
- difference between purchase cost and underlying
2012
2013
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
9,078
4,410
40,537
40,733
146
1,523
21,002
21,103
carrying amounts of net equity .................................
(2,678)
(499)
1,503
324
- adjustments to comply with Group
account policies .........................................................
- elimination of unrealized intercompany profits........
- deferred taxation ........................................................
- other adjustments .......................................................
Non-controlling interest ...............................................
As recorded in
Consolidated Financial Statements .........................
1,354
637
142
8,679
(889)
7,790
(256)
218
(440)
3
4,959
201
1,170
(2,649)
844
10
62,417
(3,357)
948
(2,366)
295
12
61,049
(2,839)
5,160
59,060
58,210
F-70
34 Other information
Main acquisitions
ASA Trade SpA
In March 2013, Eni finalized the purchase of a 100% interest in Asa Trade SpA, a company marketing gas in
Tuscany. The allocation of the purchase cost of (cid:1)29 million to assets and liabilities was made on a definitive basis.
The final allocation of the purchase costs is disclosed below:
((cid:1) million)
ASA Trade SpA
Carrying value
Fair value
Current assets .....................................................................................................................
Goodwill .............................................................................................................................
Other non-current assets ....................................................................................................
Assets acquired .................................................................................................................
Current liabilities ...............................................................................................................
Liabilities acquired ..........................................................................................................
Eni’s shareholders equity ...............................................................................................
27
3
30
25
25
5
27
24
3
54
25
25
29
Supplemental cash flow information
((cid:1) million)
2011
2012
2013
Effect of investment of companies included in consolidation
and businesses
Current assets ...........................................................................................
Non-current assets ....................................................................................
Net borrowings .........................................................................................
Current and non-current liabilities ..........................................................
Net effect of investments .......................................................................
Non-controlling interests .........................................................................
Fair value of investments held before the acquisition of control ..........
Purchase price ........................................................................................
less:
Cash and cash equivalents ......................................................................
Cash flow on investments .....................................................................
Effect of disposal of consolidated subsidiaries and businesses
Current assets ...........................................................................................
Non-current assets ....................................................................................
Net borrowings .........................................................................................
Current and non-current liabilities ..........................................................
Net effect of disposals ............................................................................
Fair value of share capital held after the sale of control ........................
Gain on disposal .......................................................................................
Non-controlling interest ...........................................................................
Selling price .............................................................................................
less:
Cash and cash equivalents ......................................................................
Cash flow on disposals ...........................................................................
122
(4)
118
(3)
115
115
618
136
257
(662)
349
727
(5)
1,071
(65)
1,006
108
171
46
(99)
226
226
(48)
178
2,112
18,740
(12,443)
(4,123)
4,286
(943)
2,021
(1,840)
3,524
(3)
3,521
51
39
(12)
(36)
42
(8)
34
(9)
25
47
41
23
(69)
42
3,359
3,401
3,401
The divestments made in 2013 were: (i) the sale of a 28.57% interest in the share capital of Eni East Africa
SpA to China National Petroleum Corp (CNPC) for a total consideration of (cid:1)3,386 million. Eni East Africa is the
operator of the discovery Area 4 in Mozambique. Through its 28.57% equity investment in Eni East Africa, CNPC
indirectly acquired a 20% interest in Area 4; as a consequence of this sale, Eni East Africa became a joint operation;
and (ii) the divestment of the entire stake retained in Finpipe GIE (63.33%) which currently owns the gas transport
network which has been leased to the Belgian company Fluxys. The cash consideration amounted to (cid:1)15 million.
F-71
35 Guarantees, commitments and risks
Guarantees
((cid:1) million)
Consolidated subsidiaries .............................
Unconsolidated subsidiaries .........................
Consolidated joint operations .......................
Joint ventures and associates ........................
Others .............................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Unsecured
guarantees
Other
guarantees
11,296
161
70
145
289
11,961
6,205
2
6,207
Total
11,296
161
70
6,350
291
18,168
Unsecured
guarantees
Other
guarantees
11,930
160
48
124
174
12,436
6,272
2
6,274
Total
11,930
160
48
6,396
176
18,710
Other guarantees issued on behalf of consolidated subsidiaries of (cid:1)11,930 million ((cid:1)11,296 million at
December 31, 2012) primarily consisted of: (i) guarantees given to third parties relating to bid bonds and
performance bonds for (cid:1)7,858 million ((cid:1)7,511 million at December 31, 2012), of which (cid:1)4,920 million related to the
Engineering & Construction segment ((cid:1)5,486 million at December 31, 2012); (ii) VAT recoverable from tax
authorities for (cid:1)1,387 million ((cid:1)1,326 million at December 31, 2012); and (iii) insurance risk for (cid:1)293 million
reinsured by Eni ((cid:1)298 million at December 31, 2012). At December 31, 2013, the underlying commitment covered
by such guarantees was (cid:1)11,749 million ((cid:1)11,202 million at December 31, 2012).
Other guarantees issued on behalf of unconsolidated subsidiaries of (cid:1)160 million ((cid:1)161 million at December
31, 2012) consisted of letters of patronage and other guarantees issued to commissioning entities relating to bid
bonds and performance bonds for (cid:1)147 million ((cid:1)154 million at December 31, 2012). At December 31, 2013, the
underlying commitment covered by such guarantees was (cid:1)29 million ((cid:1)34 million at December 31, 2012).
Other guarantees issued on behalf of consolidated joint operations of (cid:1)48 million ((cid:1)70 million at December 31,
2012) primarily consisted of: (i) guarantees given to third parties relating to bid bonds and performance bonds for
(cid:1)31 million ((cid:1)42 million at December 31, 2012) related to the Engineering & Construction segment; and (ii) VAT
recoverable from tax authorities for (cid:1)11 million ((cid:1)22 million at December 31, 2012). At December 31, 2013, the
underlying commitment covered by such guarantees was (cid:1)48 million ((cid:1)70 million at December 31, 2012).
Unsecured guarantees and other guarantees issued on behalf of joint ventures and associates of (cid:1)6,396 million
((cid:1)6,350 million at December 31, 2012) primarily consisted of: (i) an unsecured guarantee of (cid:1)6,122 million (same
amount as of December 31, 2012) given by Eni SpA to Treno Alta Velocità - TAV SpA (now RFI - Rete Ferroviaria
Italiana SpA) for the proper and timely completion of a project relating to the Milan-Bologna fast-track railway by
CEPAV (Consorzio Eni per l’Alta Velocità) Uno; consortium members, excluding entities controlled by Eni, gave
Eni liability of surety letters and bank guarantees amounting to 10% of their respective portion of the work;
(ii) unsecured guarantees and other guarantees given to banks in relation to loans and lines of credit received for
(cid:1)170 million ((cid:1)96 million at December 31, 2012); and (iii) unsecured guarantees and other guarantees given to
commissioning entities relating to bid bonds and performance bonds for (cid:1)31 million ((cid:1)49 million at December 31,
2012). At December 31, 2013, the underlying commitment covered by such guarantees was (cid:1)284 million ((cid:1)325
million at December 31, 2012).
Unsecured and other guarantees given on behalf of third parties of (cid:1)176 million ((cid:1)291 million at December 31,
2012) primarily consisted of: (i) guarantees issued on behalf of Gulf LNG Energy and Gulf LNG Pipeline and on
behalf of Angola LNG Supply Service Llc (Eni 13.6%) as security against payment commitments of fees in
connection with the re-gasification activity ((cid:1)147 million). The expected commitment has been valued at (cid:1)147
million ((cid:1)159 million at December 31, 2012); and (ii) guarantees issued by Eni SpA to banks and other financial
institutions in relation to loans and lines of credit for (cid:1)10 million on behalf of minor investments or companies sold
(same amount as of December 31, 2012). At December 31, 2013, the underlying commitment covered by such
guarantees was (cid:1)162 million ((cid:1)210 million at December 31, 2012).
F-72
Commitments and risks
((cid:1) million)
Commitments .................................................................................................................
Risks ...............................................................................................................................
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
16,247
431
16,678
14,200
377
14,577
Other commitments of (cid:1)14,200 million ((cid:1)16,247 million at December 31, 2012) related to: (i) parent company
guarantees that were issued in connection with certain contractual commitments for hydrocarbon exploration and
production activities and quantified, on the basis of the capital expenditures to be incurred, to (cid:1)9,804 million
((cid:1)11,260 million at December 31, 2012); (ii) a commitment entered into by Eni USA Gas Marketing Llc on behalf
of Angola LNG Supply Service for the acquisition of re-gasified gas at the Pascagoula plant (United States) over a
twenty-year period (until 2031). The expected commitment has been estimated at (cid:1)2,228 million ((cid:1)2,613 million at
December 31, 2012) and it has included in the off-balance sheet contractual commitments in the following
paragraph “Liquidity risk”; (iii) a commitment entered into by Eni USA Gas Marketing Llc on behalf of Gulf LNG
Energy for the acquisition of re-gasification capacity at the Pascagoula terminal (6 BCM/y) over a twenty-year
period (until 2031). The expected commitment has been estimated at (cid:1)1,059 million ((cid:1)1,167 million at December
31, 2012) and it has been included in the off-balance sheet contractual commitments in the following paragraph
“Liquidity risk”; (iv) a commitment entered into by Eni USA Gas Marketing Llc on behalf of Cameron LNG Llc, a
company belonging to Sempra Group, for the acquisition of re-gasification capacity at the Cameron plant (United
States) (6 BCM/y) over a twenty-year period (until 2029). The expected commitment has been estimated at (cid:1)852
million ((cid:1)946 million at December 31, 2012) and it has been included in the off-balance sheet contractual
commitments in the following paragraph “Liquidity risk”. In February 2014, Sempra obtained the authorization the
competent U.S. Authorities to export LNG, while the authorization to convert the terminal into a LNG plant is still
pending. In this case Eni would be enabled to exercise an early termination of the contract, significantly reducing
future purchase commitments provided for by the original contract; (v) a memorandum of intent signed with the
Basilicata Region, whereby Eni has agreed to invest (cid:1)138 million in the future, also on account of Shell Italia E&P
SpA, in connection with Eni’s development plan of oil fields in Val d’Agri ((cid:1)139 million at December 31, 2012).
The commitment has been included in the off-balance sheet contractual commitments in the following paragraph
“Liquidity risk”; and (vi) a commitment entered into by Eni USA Gas Marketing Llc for the contract of gas
transportation from the Cameron plant (United States) to the American network over a twenty-year period (until
2029). The expected commitment has been estimated at (cid:1)90 million ((cid:1)100 million at December 31, 2012) and it has
been included in the off-balance sheet contractual commitments in the following paragraph “Liquidity risk”.
Risks of (cid:1)377 million ((cid:1)431 million at December 31, 2012) primarily concerned potential risks associated with:
(i) the value of assets of third parties under the custody of Eni for (cid:1)90 million ((cid:1)123 million at December 31, 2012);
and (ii) contractual assurances given to acquirers of certain investments and businesses of Eni for (cid:1)287 million
((cid:1)308 million at December 31, 2012).
Non-quantifiable commitments
A parent company guarantee was issued on behalf of CARDÓN IV (Eni’s interest 50%), a joint venture
operating in the Perla oilfield located in Venezuela, for the supplying to PDVSA GAS of gas quantities until 2036
(end of the concession agreement). At December 31, 2012, the commitment amounted to a maximum of $800
million corresponding for Eni to the maximum amount of the penalty clause provided for in case of an unilateral and
anticipated resolution of the supply contract. Eni replaced such guarantee in March 2013, as a consequence of
ongoing contract renegotiations. In particular, the penalty clause for unilateral anticipated resolution and,
consequently, the maximum value of the guarantee will be determined by applying the local legislation in case of
non-fulfillment. The valorization of the gas to be provided for by Eni amounted to a total of $11 billion. As well as
not corresponding to an effective evaluation of the guarantee issued, such amount represents the maximum exposure
risk for Eni. A similar guarantee was issued to Eni by PDVSA relating to the fulfillment of the commitments
relating to the gas quantities to be collected by PDVSA GAS.
Following the integration signed on April 19, 2011, Eni confirmed to RFI - Rete Ferroviaria Italiana SpA its
commitment, previously assumed under the convention signed with Treno Alta Velocità - TAV SpA (now RFI -
Rete Ferroviaria Italiana SpA) on October 15, 1991, to guarantee a correct and timely execution of the section
Milano-Brescia of the high-speed railway from Milan to Verona. Such integration provides for CEPAV (Consorzio
Eni per l’Alta Velocità) Due to act as general contractor. In order to pledge the guarantee given, the regulation of
CEPAV Due binds the associates to give proper sureties and guarantees on behalf of Eni.
F-73
Eni is liable for certain non-quantifiable risks related to contractual assurances given to acquirers of certain of
Eni’s assets, including businesses and investments, against certain contingent liabilities deriving from tax, social
security contributions, environmental issues and other matters applicable to periods during which such assets were
operated by Eni. Eni believes such matters will not have a material adverse effect on Eni’s results of operations and
liquidity.
Risk factors
Financial risks
Financial risks are those connected with market, credit and liquidity.
Management of financial risks is based on guidelines issued centrally aiming at adapting and coordinating Eni
policies on financial risks matters (“Guidelines on financial risks management and control”). The basis of this policy
is the pooled and integrated management of commodity risks and the development of asset-backed trading activities
for optimizing Eni’s exposure to such risks.
Market risk
Market risk is the possibility that changes in currency exchange rates, interest rates or commodity prices will
adversely affect the value of the Group’s financial assets, liabilities or expected future cash flows. The Company
actively manages market risk in accordance with a set of policies and guidelines that provide a centralized model of
handling finance, treasury and risk management operations based on the Company’s departments of operational
finance: the parent company’s (Eni SpA) finance department, Eni Finance International SA, Eni Finance USA Inc
and Banque Eni SA, which is subject to certain bank regulatory restrictions preventing the Group’s exposure to
concentrations of credit risk, and Eni Trading & Shipping SpA, that is in charge to execute certain activities relating
to commodity derivatives. In particular Eni SpA and Eni Finance International SA manage subsidiaries’ financing
requirements in and outside Italy, respectively, covering funding requirements and using available surpluses. All
transactions concerning currencies and derivative contracts on interest rates and currencies are managed by the
parent company, including the negotiation of emission trading certificates. The commodity risk of each business unit
(Eni’s Divisions or subsidiaries) is pooled and managed by the Midstream department, while Eni Trading
& Shipping SpA executes the negotiation of commodity derivatives. Eni Trading & Shipping SpA and Eni SpA
perform trading activities in financial derivatives on external trading venues, such as European and non-European
regulated markets, Multilateral Trading Facility (MTF) or similar and brokerage platforms (i.e. SEF), and over the
counter on a bilateral basis with external counterparties. Other legal entities belonging to Eni that require financial
derivatives enter into these operations through Eni Trading & Shipping SpA and Eni SpA on the basis of the
relevant asset class expertises. Eni uses derivative financial instruments (derivatives) in order to minimize exposure
to market risks related to fluctuations in exchange rates relating to those transactions denominated in a currency
other than the functional currency (the euro) and interest rates, as well as to optimize exposure to commodity prices
fluctuations taking into account the currency in which commodities are quoted. Eni monitors every activity in
derivatives classified as risk-reducing (in particular, back to back activities, flow hedging activities, asset-backed
hedging activities and portfolio management activities) directly or indirectly related to covered industrial assets, so
as to effectively optimize the risk profile to which Eni is exposed or could be exposed. If the result of the monitoring
shows that derivatives should not be considered as risk-reducing, these derivatives are reclassified in proprietary
trading. As the proprietary trading is considered separately from the other activities, its exposure is subject to
specific controls, both in terms of VaR and stop loss, and in terms of nominal gross value. For Eni, the gross
nominal value of proprietary trading activities is compared with the limits set by the relevant international standards.
The framework defined by Eni’s policies and guidelines prescribes that measurement and control of market risk
be performed on the basis of maximum tolerable levels of risk exposure defined in terms of limits of stop loss,
which expresses the maximum tolerable amount of losses associated with a certain portfolio of assets over a
pre-defined time horizon, or in accordance with value at risk techniques. These techniques make a statistical
assessment of the market risk on the Group’s activity, i.e. potential gain or loss in fair values, due to changes in
market conditions taking account of the correlation existing among changes in fair value of existing instruments.
Eni’s finance department defines the maximum tolerable levels of risk exposure to changes in interest rates and
foreign currency exchange rates in terms of value at risk, pooling Group companies’ risk positions.
Eni’s calculation and measurement techniques for interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate risks are in
accordance with banking standards, as established by the Basel Committee for bank activities surveillance.
Tolerable levels of risk are based on a conservative approach, considering the industrial nature of the company.
Eni’s guidelines prescribe that Eni Group companies minimize such kinds of market risks by transferring risk
exposure to the parent company finance department.
F-74
Eni’s guidelines define rules to manage the commodity risk aiming at optimizing core activities and pursuing
preset targets of stabilizing industrial and commercial margins. The maximum tolerable level of risk exposure is
defined in terms of value at risk and stop loss in connection with exposure deriving from commercial activities and
from asset-backed trading activities as well as exposure deriving from proprietary trading executed by the subsidiary
Eni Trading & Shipping SpA. Internal mandates to manage the commodity risk provide for a mechanism of
allocation of the Group maximum tolerable risk level to each business unit. In this framework, Eni Trading
& Shipping SpA, in addition to managing risk exposure associated with its own commercial activity and proprietary
trading, pools the Midstream department requests for negotiating commodity derivatives and execute them on the
marketplace.
Following the cash inflow from the disposal of the Snam Group, Eni decided to retain a cash reserve according
to the provisions of the financial plan on the safeguard of assets, cash availability and optimization of return from
strategic cash. The management of strategic cash represents for Eni a new type of market risk, i.e. the price risk of
strategic cash. This type of risk is part of the management of strategic cash pursued through transactions on own risk
in view of optimizing financial returns, while respecting authorized risk levels, safeguarding the Company’s assets
and retaining quick access to liquidity.
The four different market risks, whose management and control have been summarized above, are described
below.
Exchange rate risk
Exchange rate risk derives from the fact that Eni’s operations are conducted in currencies other than the euro
(mainly the U.S. dollar). Revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies may be significantly affected by
exchange rates fluctuations due to conversion differences on single transactions arising from the time lag existing
between execution and definition of relevant contractual terms (economic risk) and conversion of foreign
currency-denominated trade and financing payables and receivables (transactional risk). Exchange rate fluctuations
affect the Group’s reported results and net equity as financial statements of subsidiaries denominated in currencies
other than the euro are translated from their functional currency into euro. Generally, an appreciation of the U.S.
dollar versus the euro has a positive impact on Eni’s results of operations, and vice versa. Eni’s foreign exchange
risk management policy is to minimize transactional exposures arising from foreign currency movements and to
optimize exposures arising from commodity risk. Eni does not undertake any hedging activity for risks deriving
from the translation of foreign currency denominated profits or assets and liabilities of subsidiaries which prepare
financial statements in a currency other than the euro, except for single transactions to be evaluated on a
case-by-case basis. Effective management of exchange rate risk is performed within Eni’s central finance
department which pools Group companies’ positions, hedging the Group net exposure through the use of certain
derivatives, such as currency swaps, forwards and options. Such derivatives are evaluated at fair value on the basis
of market prices provided by specialized info-providers. Changes in fair value of those derivatives are normally
recognized through profit and loss as they do not meet the formal criteria to be recognized as hedges in accordance
with IAS 39. The VaR techniques are based on variance/covariance simulation models and are used to monitor the
risk exposure arising from possible future changes in market values over a 24-hour period within a 99% confidence
level and a 20-day holding period.
Interest rate risk
Changes in interest rates affect the market value of financial assets and liabilities of the company and the level
of finance charges. Eni’s interest rate risk management policy is to minimize risk with the aim to achieve financial
structure objectives defined and approved in the management’s finance plans. Borrowing requirements of Group
companies are pooled by the Group’s central finance department in order to manage net positions and the funding of
portfolio developments consistently with management’s plans while maintaining a level of risk exposure within
prescribed limits. Eni enters into interest rate derivative transactions, in particular interest rate swaps, to effectively
manage the balance between fixed and floating rate debt. Such derivatives are evaluated at fair value on the basis of
market prices provided from specialized sources. Changes in fair value of those derivatives are normally recognized
through the profit and loss account as they do not meet the formal criteria to be accounted for under the hedge
accounting method in accordance with IAS 39. Value at risk deriving from interest rate exposure is measured daily
on the basis of a variance/covariance model, with a 99% confidence level and a 20-day holding period.
Commodity risk
Eni’s results of operations are affected by changes in the prices of commodities. A decrease in oil and gas
prices generally has a negative impact on Eni’s results of operations and vice versa, and may jeopardize the
achievement of the financial targets preset in the Company’s plans and budget. The commodity price risk arises in
connection with the following exposures:
a) Strategic exposure: exposures directly identified by the Board of Directors as a result of strategic
investment decisions or outside the planning horizon of risk. These exposures include those associated with
the program for the production of proved and unproved oil and gas reserves, long-term gas supply contracts
for the portion not balanced by ongoing or highly probable sale contracts, refining margins identified by the
F-75
Board of Directors as of strategic nature (the remaining volumes can be allocated to the active management
of the margin or to asset-backed hedging activities) and minimum compulsory stocks.
b) Commercial exposure: includes the exposures related to the components underlying the contractual
arrangements of industrial and commercial activities and, if related to take-or-pay commitments, to the
components related to the time horizon of the four-year plan and budget and the relevant activities of risk
management. Commercial exposures are characterized by a systematic risk management activity conducted
on the basis of risk/return assumptions by implementing one or more strategies and subjected to specific
risk limits (VaR, stop loss). In particular, the commercial exposures include exposures subjected to
asset-backed hedging activities, arising from the flexibility/optionality of assets.
c) Proprietary trading exposure: includes operations independently conducted for profit purposes in the
short-term, and normally not finalized to the delivery, both within the commodity and financial markets,
with the aim to obtain a profit upon the occurrence of a favorable result in the market, in accordance with
specific limits of authorized risk (VaR, stop loss). In the proprietary trading exposures are included the
origination activities, if not connected to contractual or physical assets.
Strategic risk is not subject to systematic activity of management/coverage that is eventually carried out only in
case of specific market or business conditions. Because of the extraordinary nature, hedging activities related to
strategic risks are delegated to the top management. Strategic risk is subject to measuring and monitoring but is not
subject to specific risk limits. If previously authorized by the Board of Directors, exposures related to strategic risk
can be used in combination with other commercial exposures in order to exploit opportunities for natural
compensation between the risks (natural hedge) and consequently reduce the use of derivatives (by activating logics
of internal market).
Eni manages exposure to commodity price risk arising in normal trading and commercial activities in view of
achieving stable economic results. The commodity risk and the exposure to commodity prices fluctuations
embedded in commodities quoted in currencies other than the euro at each business unit (Eni’s Divisions or
subsidiaries) is pooled and managed by the Portfolio Management unit of the Midstream department for
commodities, and by Eni’s finance department for exchange rate requirements. The Midstream department manages
business units’ risk exposures to commodities, pooling and optimizing Group companies’ exposures and hedging net
exposures on the trading venues through the trading unit of Eni Trading & Shipping SpA. In order to manage
commodity price risk, Eni uses derivatives traded on the organized markets of ICE and NYMEX (futures) and
derivatives traded over the counter (swaps, forward, contracts for differences and options) with the underlying
commodities being crude oil, refined products or electricity. Such derivatives are evaluated at fair value on the basis
of market prices provided from specialized sources or, absent market prices, on the basis of estimates provided by
brokers or suitable evaluation techniques. Value at risk deriving from commodity exposure is measured daily on the
basis of a historical simulation technique, with a 95% confidence level and a one-day holding period.
Price risk of the strategic liquidity
Market risk deriving from liquidity management is identified as the possibility that changes in prices of
financial instruments (bonds, money market instruments and mutual funds) would impact the value of these
instruments when evaluated at fair value. In order to manage the investment activity of the strategic liquidity, Eni
defined a specific investment policy with aims and constraints in terms of financial activities and operational
boundaries, as well as governance guidelines regulating management and control systems. The setting up and
maintenance of a reserve of liquidity is mainly aimed to: (i) guarantee of financial flexibility. Liquidity should allow
Eni Group to fund any extraordinary need (such as difficulty in access to credit, exogenous shock, macroeconomic
environment, as well as merger and acquisitions); and (ii) maintain/improve the current credit rating by
strengthening balance sheet structure, as well as the concurrent availability of a liquidity reserve which will meet the
requirements of rating agencies.
Strategic liquidity management is regulated in terms of Value at Risk (measured on the basis of a historical
simulation technique, with a one-day holding period and a 99% confidence level), stop loss and other operating
limits in terms of concentration, duration, ratings, liquidity and instruments to invest on. Financial leverage or short
selling are not allowed. Activities in terms of strategic liquidity management started in the second half of the year.
The following table shows amounts in terms of Value at Risk, recorded in 2013 (compared with 2012) relating
to interest rate and exchange rate risks in the first section, and commodity risk in the second section.
F-76
(Value at risk - Parametric method variance/covariance; holding period: 20 days; confidence level: 99%)
((cid:1) million)
2012
2013
Interest rate (a) ......................................
Exchange rate (a) ..................................
8.69
1.31
1.41
0.12
3.13
0.44
1.88
0.19
3.67
0.37
1.49
0.07
2.07
0.14
2.15
0.24
High
Low
Average
At year end
High
Low
Average
At year end
_______
(a)
Value at risk deriving from interest and exchange rates exposures include the following finance department: Eni Corporate Treasury department, Eni Finance
International SA, Banque Eni SA and Eni Finance USA Inc.
(Value at risk - Historic simulation weighted method; holding period: 1 day; confidence level: 95%)
((cid:1) million)
2012
2013
Commercial exposures
- Management Portfolio (a) ..................
Trading (b) ............................................
_______
High
Low
Average
At year end
High
Low
Average
At year end
84.20
5.88
35.65
1.11
59.61
2.80
40.99
1.24
108.13
7.50
36.59
1.36
59.92
4.11
66.44
2.93
(a)
(b)
Refers to the Midstream department (risk exposure from Refining & Marketing Division and Gas & Power Division), Versalis, Eni Trading & Shipping BV
(Amsterdam) and the subsidiaries outside Italy pertaining to the Division.
Cross-commodity proprietary trading, both for commodity contracts and financial derivatives, refers to Eni Trading & Shipping SpA (London-Bruxelles-
Singapore) and Eni Trading & Shipping Inc (Houston).
(Value at risk - Historic simulation method; holding period: 1 day; confidence level: 99%)
((cid:1) million)
2012
2013
Strategic liquidity (a) ............................
_______
High
Low
Average
At year end
High
Low
Average
At year end
1.07
0.32
0.89
0.92
(a)
The management of the strategic liquidity portfolio started from July 2013.
Credit risk
Credit risk is the potential exposure of the Group to losses in case counterparties fail to perform or pay amounts
due. The Group manages differently credit risk depending on whether credit risk arises from exposure to financial
counterparties or to customers relating to outstanding receivables. Individual business units and Eni’s corporate
financial and accounting units are responsible for managing credit risk arising in the normal course of the business.
The Group has established formal credit systems and processes to ensure that before trading with a new counterpart
can start, its creditworthiness is assessed. Also credit litigation and receivable collection activities are assessed.
Eni’s corporate units define directions and methods for quantifying and controlling customer’s reliability. With
regard to risk arising from financial counterparties deriving from current and strategic use of liquidity, Eni has
established guidelines prior to entering into cash management and derivative contracts to assess the counterparty’s
financial soundness and rating in view of optimizing the risk profile of financial activities while pursuing
operational targets. Maximum limits of risk exposure are set in terms of maximum amounts of credit exposures for
categories of counterparties as defined by the Company’s Board of Directors taking into account the credit ratings
provided by primary credit rating agencies on the marketplace. Credit risk arising from financial counterparties is
managed by the Group operating finance department, including Eni’s subsidiary Eni Trading & Shipping SpA which
specifically engages in commodity derivatives transactions and by Group companies and Divisions, only in the case
of physical transactions with financial counterparties consistently with the Group centralized finance model. Eligible
financial counterparties are closely monitored to check exposures against limits assigned to each counterparties on a
daily basis.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that suitable sources of funding for the Group may not be available, or the Group is
unable to sell its assets on the marketplace in order to meet short-term finance requirements and to settle obligations.
Such a situation would negatively impact Group results as it would result in the Company incurring higher
borrowing expenses to meet its obligations or under the worst of conditions the inability of the Company to continue
as a going concern. As part of its financial planning process, Eni manages the liquidity risk by targeting such a
capital structure as to allow the Company to maintain a level of liquidity adequate to the Group’s needs, optimizing
the opportunity cost of maintaining liquidity reserves also achieving an efficient balance in terms of maturity and
F-77
composition of finance debt. For this purpose, Eni holds a significant amount of liquidity reserve (financial assets
plus committed credit lines), which aims to: (a) deal with identified risk factors that could significantly affect the
cash flow expected in the Financial Plan (i.e. changes in the scenario and/or production volumes, delays in
disposals, limitations in profitable acquisitions); (b) ensure a full coverage of short-term debt and the coverage of
medium and long-term debts with a maturity of 24 months, even in case of restrictions to the credit access; and
(c) ensuring the availability of an adequate level of financial flexibility to support the Group’s development plans.
The financial asset reserve will be employed with a short-term profile and fast liquidability, favoring
investments with very low risk profile.
At present, the Group believes to have access to sufficient funding to meet the current foreseeable borrowing
requirements as a consequence of the availability of financial assets and lines of credit and the access to a wide
range of funding at competitive costs through the credit system and capital markets.
Eni has in place a program for the issuance of Euro Medium Term Notes up to (cid:1)15 billion, of which about
(cid:1)13.7 billion were drawn as of December 31, 2013.
The Group has credit ratings of A and A-1, respectively for long and short-term debt assigned by Standard
& Poor’s and A3 and P-2 assigned by Moody’s; the outlook is negative in both ratings. Eni’s credit rating is linked
in addition to the Company’s industrial fundamentals and trends in the trading environment to the sovereign credit
rating of Italy. On the basis of the methodologies used by Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s, a potential downgrade of
Italy’s credit rating may trigger a potential knock-on effect on the credit rating of Italian issuers such as Eni and
make it more likely that the credit rating of the notes or other debt instruments issued by the Company could be
downgraded. Eni, through the constant monitoring of the international economic environment and continuing
dialogue with financial investors and rating agencies, believes to be ready to perceive emerging critical issues
screened by the financial community and to be able to react quickly to any changes in the financial and the global
macroeconomic environment and implement the necessary actions to mitigate such risks, coherently with Company
strategies.
In the course of 2013, Eni issued bonds for a total amount of (cid:1)4.3 billion, of which (cid:1)3.1 billion related to the
Euro Medium Term Notes Program and (cid:1)1.2 billion related to bonds exchangeable into Snam ordinary shares.
At December 31, 2013, Eni maintained short-term committed and uncommitted unused borrowing facilities of
(cid:1)14.3 billion, of which (cid:1)2.1 billion were committed, and long-term committed borrowing facilities of (cid:1)4.7 billion
which were completely undrawn at the balance sheet date. These facilities bore interest rates and fees for unused
facilities that reflected prevailing market conditions.
The tables below summarize the Group main contractual obligations (undiscounted) for finance debt
repayments, including expected payments for interest charges, and trade and other payables maturities outstanding at
period end.
Finance debt repayments including expected payments for interest charges and derivatives
The tables below summarize the Group main contractual obligations for finance debt repayments, including
expected payments for interest charges and derivatives.
((cid:1) million)
Maturity year
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018 and
thereafter
Total
December 31, 2012
Non-current liabilities ...............
Current financial liabilities .......
Fair value of derivative
instruments .................................
Interest on finance debt .............
Guarantees to banks ..................
2,536
2,032
924
5,492
840
118
2,137
3,928
2,167
2,942
8,201
132
2,269
724
89
4,017
621
2
2,169
549
11
2,953
463
50
8,251
1,488
21,911
2,032
1,208
25,151
4,685
118
F-78
((cid:1) million)
Maturity year
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019 and
thereafter
Total
December 31, 2013
Non-current liabilities ...............
Current financial liabilities .......
Fair value of derivative
instruments .................................
Interest on finance debt .............
Guarantees to banks ..................
1,737
2,553
995
5,285
818
172
3,700
3,211
2,937
1,392
9,781
243
3,943
710
1
3,212
650
5
2,942
557
1,392
429
34
9,815
1,695
22,758
2,553
1,278
26,589
4,859
172
Trade and other payables
The tables below summarize the Group trade and other payables by maturity.
((cid:1) million)
Maturity year
December 31, 2012
Trade payables .............................................................
Other payables and advances ......................................
2013
2014-2017
2018
and thereafter
Total
15,052
8,614
23,666
19
19
38
38
15,052
8,671
23,723
((cid:1) million)
Maturity year
December 31, 2013
Trade payables .............................................................
Other payables and advances ......................................
2014
2015-2018
2019
and thereafter
Total
15,584
8,117
23,701
18
18
56
56
15,584
8,191
23,775
Expected payments by period under contractual obligations and commercial commitments
The Group has in place a number of contractual obligations arising in the normal course of the business. To
meet these commitments, the Group will have to make payments to third parties. The Company’s main obligations
pertain to take-or-pay clauses contained in the Company’s gas supply contracts or shipping arrangements, whereby
the Company obligations consist of off-taking minimum quantities of product or service or, in case of failure, paying
the corresponding cash amount that entitles the Company the right to off-take the product or the service in future
years. Future obligations in connection with these contracts were calculated by applying the forecasted prices of
energy or services included in the four-year business plan approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. The table
below summarizes the Group principal contractual obligations as of the balance sheet date, shown on an
undiscounted basis.
F-79
((cid:1) million)
Maturity year
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Operating lease obligations (a)
Decommissioning liabilities (b)
Environmental liabilities (c) ....
Purchase obligations (d) ............
- Gas
. take-or-pay contracts ............
. ship-or-pay contracts ............
- Other take-or-pay
or ship-or-pay obligations ......
- Other purchase obligations (e) .
Other obligations .....................
- Memorandum of intent
relating Val d’Agri .................
_______
706
214
279
21,202
18,228
1,801
130
1,043
3
3
22,404
423
162
329
20,203
18,724
1,218
125
136
3
335
206
246
17,843
16,427
1,168
118
130
3
263
304
126
16,335
14,967
1,130
109
129
3
191
331
114
15,404
14,277
894
104
129
3
2019 and
thereafter
349
13,125
622
150,179
143,912
4,349
480
1,438
123
Total
2,267
14,342
1,716
241,166
226,535
10,560
1,066
3,005
138
3
21,120
3
18,633
3
17,031
3
16,043
123
164,398
138
259,629
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Operating leases primarily regarded assets for drilling activities, time charter and long-term rentals of vessels, lands, service stations and office buildings.
Such leases did not include renewal options. There are no significant restrictions provided by these operating leases which limit the ability of the Company to
pay dividend, use assets or to take on new borrowings.
Represents the estimated future costs for the decommissioning of oil and natural gas production facilities at the end of the producing lives of fields,
well-plugging, abandonment and site restoration.
Environmental liabilities do not include the environmental charge of 2010 amounting to (cid:1)1,109 million for the proposal to the Italian Ministry of the
Environment to enter into a global transaction related to nine sites of national interest because the dates of payment are not reasonably estimable.
Represents any agreement to purchase goods or services that is enforceable and legally binding and that specifies all significant terms.
Mainly refers to arrangements to purchase capacity entitlements at certain re-gasification facilities in the United States ((cid:1)1,911 million).
Capital expenditure commitments
In the next four years Eni plans to make capital expenditures of (cid:1)53.8 billion. The table below summarizes
Eni’s capital expenditure commitments for property, plant and equipment and capital projects. Capital expenditures
are considered to be committed when the project has received the appropriate level of internal management
approval. At this stage, procurement contracts to execute those projects have already been awarded or are being
awarded to third parties.
The amounts shown in the table below include committed expenditures to execute certain environmental
projects.
((cid:1) million)
Maturity year
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018 and
thereafter
Committed on major projects .......................
Other committed projects .............................
5,697
7,555
13,252
5,246
4,902
10,148
4,908
2,865
7,773
3,224
1,705
4,929
17,709
865
18,574
Total
36,784
17,892
54,676
F-80
Other information about financial instruments
The carrying amount of financial instruments and relevant economic effect as of and for the years ended
December 31, 2012 and 2013 consisted of the following:
2012
Finance income (expense)
recognized in
Carrying
amount
Profit and
loss
account
Equity
Carrying
amount
2013
Finance income (expense)
recognized in
Profit and
loss
account
Equity
183
3
69
237
(396)
(13)
1
8
5,004
(21)
(61)
80
235
4
(180)
(8)
1
7
16
4,782
4,717
141
2,770
456
(1)
(64)
2,131
1,702
27,971
2,604
23,723
24,192
(52)
55
104
(837)
28,727
1,791
23,775
25,560
(277)
1
28
(844)
(15)
(290)
(202)
(501)
((cid:1) million)
Held-for-trading financial instruments
Securities (a) .................................................
Non-hedging derivatives (b) ........................
Trading derivatives (b) ................................
Held-to-maturity financial instruments
Securities (a) .................................................
Available-for-sale financial instruments
Securities (a) .................................................
Investments valued at fair value
Other non-current investments (c) ...............
Other non-current investments
- held-for-sale investments (c) .....................
Receivables and payables
and other assets/Liabilities valued
at amortized cost
Trade receivables and other (d) ...................
Financing receivables (a) .............................
Trade payables and other (e) .......................
Financing payables (a) .................................
Net assets (liabilities)
for hedging derivatives (f) ........................
_______
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Income or expense were recognized in the profit and loss account within “Finance income (expense)”.
In the profit and loss account, economic effects were recognized as loss within “Other operating income (loss)” for (cid:1)96 million (loss for (cid:1)157 million in 2012)
and as expense within “Finance income (expense)” for (cid:1)92 million (expense for (cid:1)252 million in 2012).
Income was recognized in the profit and loss account within “Income (expense) from investments” for (cid:1)2,158 million (income for (cid:1)1,247 million in 2012) and
within “Net profit (loss) for the period - Discontinued operations” for (cid:1)3,470 million.
In the profit and loss account, economic effects were essentially recognized as expense within “Purchase, services and other” for (cid:1)311 million (expense for
(cid:1)24 million in 2012) (impairments net of reversal) and as income for (cid:1)34 million within “Finance income (expense)” (expense for (cid:1)28 million in 2012)
(exchange rate differences at year end and amortized cost).
In the profit and loss account, exchange differences arising from accounts denominated in foreign currency and translated into euro at year end were primarily
recognized within “Finance income (expense)”.
In the profit and loss account, income or expense were recognized within “Net sales from operations” and “Purchase, services and other” as expense for (cid:1)526
million (expense for (cid:1)289 million at December 31, 2012) and as income within “Finance income (expense)” for (cid:1)25 million (expense for (cid:1)1 million in 2012)
(time value component).
F-81
Disclosures about the offsetting of financial instruments
The table below summarizes the disclosures about the offsetting of financial instruments.
((cid:1) million)
Gross amount
of financial
assets and
liabilities
Gross amount
of financial
assets and
liabilities
subject to
offsetting
Net amount of
financial assets
and liabilities
December 31, 2012
Financial assets
Trade and other receivables ........................................................................
Financial liabilities
Trade and other liabilities ...........................................................................
December 31, 2013
Financial assets
Trade and other receivables ........................................................................
Other current assets .....................................................................................
Other non-current assets .............................................................................
Financial liabilities
Trade and other liabilities ...........................................................................
Other current liabilities ...............................................................................
Other non-current liabilities .......................................................................
29,724
24,772
30,285
1,620
3,711
25,096
1,741
2,285
1,106
1,106
1,395
295
35
1,395
304
26
28,618
23,666
28,890
1,325
3,676
23,701
1,437
2,259
The offsetting of financial assets and liabilities of (cid:1)1,725 million ((cid:1)1,106 million at December 31, 2012)
related for (cid:1)1,084 million ((cid:1)1,047 million at December 31, 2012) the offsetting of receivables and debts pertaining
to the Exploration & Production segment towards state entities.
Disclosures on fair value of financial instruments
Following the classification of financial assets and liabilities, measured at fair value in the balance sheet, is
provided according to the fair value hierarchy defined on the basis of the relevance of the inputs used in the
measurement process. In particular, on the basis of the features of the inputs used in making the measurements, the
fair value hierarchy shall have the following levels:
a) Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical financial assets or liabilities;
b) Level 2: measurements based on the basis of inputs, other than quoted prices above, which, for assets and
liabilities that have to be measured, can be observable directly (e.g. prices) or indirectly (e.g. deriving from
prices); and
c) Level 3: inputs not based on observable market data.
Financial instruments measured at fair value in the balance sheet as of at December 31, 2013, were classified as
follows: (i) level 1 “Quoted financial assets held for trading”, “Financial assets available for sale”, “Inventories -
Certificates and emission rights”, “Derivatives - Futures” and “Other investments” valued at fair value; and (ii) level
2, derivative instruments different from “Non-quoted financial assets held for trading”, “Derivative financial
instruments other than futures” included in “Other current assets”, “Other non-current assets”, “Other current
liabilities” and “Other non-current liabilities”. During 2013, there were no transfers between the different hierarchy
levels of fair value.
F-82
The table below summarizes the amount of financial instruments valued at fair value:
((cid:1) million)
Current assets
Quoted financial assets held for trading ..........................
Non-quoted financial assets held for trading ..................
Financial assets available for sale ....................................
Inventories - Certificates and emission rights .................
Derivatives - Futures .........................................................
Cash flow hedge derivatives ............................................
Non-hedging and trading derivatives ...............................
Non-current assets
Other investments valued at fair value ............................
Other investments valued at fair value held for sale .......
Derivatives - Futures .........................................................
Cash flow hedge derivatives ............................................
Non-hedging derivatives ..................................................
Current liabilities
Derivatives - Futures .........................................................
Cash flow hedge derivatives ............................................
Non-hedging and trading derivatives ...............................
Non-current liabilities
Non-hedging derivatives - Futures ..................................
Cash flow hedge derivatives ............................................
Non-hedging derivatives ..................................................
Note
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Level 1
Level 2
Level 1
Level 2
(8)
(8)
(9)
(11)
(14)
(14)
(14)
(18)
(32)
(21)
(21)
(21)
(26)
(26)
(26)
(31)
(31)
(31)
4,461
235
22
64
237
19
26
32
890
4,782
2,770
5
11
1
2
424
31
882
13
270
12
543
14
654
2,131
6
256
213
770
1
282
Legal Proceedings
Eni is a party to a number of civil actions and administrative arbitral and other judicial proceedings arising in
the ordinary course of business.
Based on information available to date, and taking into account the existing risk provisions, Eni believes that
the foregoing will not have an adverse effect on Eni’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The following is a
description of the most significant proceedings currently pending. Unless otherwise indicated below, no provisions
have been made for these legal proceedings as Eni believes that negative outcomes are not probable or because the
amount of the provision cannot be estimated reliably.
1. Environment
1.1 Criminal proceedings in the matters of environment, health and safety
(i) Fatal accident Truck Center Molfetta - Prosecuting body: Public Prosecutor of Trani. On May 11,
2010, Eni SpA, eight employees of the Company and a former employee were notified of closing of the
investigation into alleged manslaughter, grievous bodily harm and illegal disposal of waste materials in relation to a
fatal accident occurred in March 2008 that caused the death of four workers deputed to the cleaning of a tank car
owned by a company part of the Italian Railways Group. The tank was used for the transportation of liquid sulphur
produced by Eni in the Refinery of Taranto. The Public Prosecutor has removed three defendants and transmitted
evidence to the Judge for the Preliminary Investigations requesting to dismiss the proceeding. The Judge for the
Preliminary Investigations accepted the above mentioned request. In the hearing of April 19, 2011, the Judge
admitted as plaintiffs against the above mentioned individuals all the parts, excluding the relatives of one of the
victims, whose position has been declared inadmissible lacking of cause of action. The Judge declared inadmissible
all the requests brought by other parties to act as plaintiffs against Eni. On December 5, 2011, the Judge pronounced
an acquittal sentence for the individuals involved and for Eni SpA, as the indictment is groundless. The first hearing
of the appeal filed by the Public Prosecutor has not been scheduled yet.
(ii) Syndial SpA (company incorporating EniChem Agricoltura SpA - Agricoltura SpA in liquidation -
EniChem Augusta Industriale Srl - Fosfotec Srl) - Proceeding about the industrial site of Crotone. A criminal
proceeding is pending before the Public Prosecutor of Crotone relating to allegations of environmental disaster,
F-83
poisoning of substances used in the food chain and omitted clean-up due to the activity at a landfill site which was
taken over by Eni’s subsidiary in 1991 following the divestment of an industrial complex by Montedison (now
Edison SpA). The landfill site had been filled with industrial waste from Montedison activities till 1989 and then no
additional waste was discharged there. Eni’s subsidiary carried out the clean-up of the landfill in 1999 through 2000.
The defendants are certain managers at Eni’s subsidiaries which have owned and managed the landfill since 1991.
At the conclusion of the analysis conducted by the experts, the documents were returned to the Public Prosecutor of
Crotone for further investigations and possible requests of trial.
(iii) Eni SpA - Gas & Power Division - Industrial site of Praia a Mare. Based on complaints filed by certain
offended persons, the Public Prosecutor of Paola started an enquiry about alleged diseases related to tumors which
those persons contracted on the workplace. Those persons were employees at an industrial complex owned by a
Group subsidiary many years ago. On the basis of the findings of independent appraisal reports, in the course of
2009 the Public Prosecutor resolved that a number of ex-manager of that industrial complex would stand trial. In the
preliminary hearing held in November 2010, 189 persons entered the trial as plaintiff; while 107 persons were
declared as having been offended by the alleged crime. The plaintiffs have requested that both Eni and Marzotto
SpA would bear civil liability. However, compensation for damages suffered by the offended persons has yet to be
determined. Upon conclusion of the preliminary hearing, the Public Prosecutor resolved that all defendants would
stand trial for culpable manslaughter, culpable injuries, environmental disaster and negligent conduct about safety
measures on the workplace. Following a settlement agreement with Eni, Marzotto SpA has entered settlement
agreements with all plaintiffs, except for the local administrations. The proceeding is pending.
(iv) Syndial SpA and Versalis SpA - Porto Torres dock - Prosecuting body: Public Prosecutor of Sassari.
In July 2012, the Judge for the Preliminary Hearing, following a request of the Public Prosecutor of Sassari,
requested the performance of a probationary evidence relating to the functioning of the hydraulic barrier of Porto
Torres site (ran by Syndial SpA) and its capacity to avoid the dispersion of contamination released by the site in the
near portion of sea. Syndial SpA and Versalis SpA have been notified that its chief executive officers and other
managers are being investigated.
(v) Syndial SpA - Prosecuting body: Public Prosecutor of Gela. An investigation before the Public
Prosecutor of Gela is pending regarding a number of former Eni employees. In particular the proceeding involves 17
former managers of the companies ANIC SpA, EniChem SpA, EniChem Anic SpA, Anic Agricoltura SpA, Agip
Petroli SpA, and Praoil Aromatici e Raffinazione Srl who were previously in charge of conducting operations and
granting security at Clorosoda plant in Gela. The proceeding regards the crimes of culpable manslaughter and
grievous bodily harm related to the death of 12 former employees and alleged diseases which those persons may
have contracted at the above mentioned plant. Alleged crimes relate to the period from 1969, when operations on
Clorosoda plant have commenced, to 1998, when the clean-up activities have terminated. The Public Prosecutor
requested the performance of a medico-legal appraisal on over 100 people employed on the above mentioned plant
to verify the relation of causality between the deaths occurred and the eventual pathologies affecting these
individuals, and the exposures related to the work performed and missing implementation by the relevant company
functions of the measures necessary for ensuring the employee health and security in relation to the risks connected
with the mentioned working activities. The proceeding is at a preliminary phase.
(vi) Seizure of areas located in the Municipalities of Cassano allo Jonio and Cerchiara di Calabria -
Prosecuting body: Public Prosecutor of Castrovillari. Certain areas owned by Eni in the Municipalities of
Cassano allo Jonio and Cerchiara di Calabria have been seized by the Judicial Authority pending an investigation
about an alleged improper handling of industrial waste from the processing of zinc ferrites at the industrial site of
Pertusola Sud, which was subsequently shut down, and illegal storing in the seized areas. The circumstances under
investigation are the same considered in a criminal action for alleged omitted clean-up which was concluded in 2008
without any negative outcome on part of Eni’s employees. Eni’s subsidiary Syndial SpA has removed any waste
materials from the landfills Syndial entered a transaction agreement with the Municipality of Cerchiara to settle all
damages caused by the unauthorized landfills to the territory of the municipality. The Municipality of Cerchiara
renounced to all claims in relation to the circumstances investigated in the criminal proceeding. Eni’s subsidiary has
also arranged a similar transaction with the Municipality of Cassano. The criminal proceeding is still pending.
(vii) Syndial SpA - Proceeding on the asbestos at the Ravenna site. A criminal proceeding is pending before
the Tribunal of Ravenna about the crimes of culpable manslaughter, injuries and environmental disaster which
would have been allegedly committed by former Syndial employees at the site of Ravenna. The site was taken over
by Syndial following a number of corporate mergers and acquisitions. The alleged crimes would date back to 1991.
In the proceeding there are 75 offended people. The plaintiffs include relatives of the alleged victims and various
local administrations and other institutional bodies, including local trade unions. The advocacy of Syndial claimed
the statute of limitation about the crime of environmental disaster which would exclude the alleged crimes of
manslaughter and injury. On February 6, 2014, the Judge for the Preliminary Hearing at Ravenna decided that all
defendants would stand trial and ascertained the statute of limitation only with reference to the alleged crime of
culpable injury. The proceeding is entering the hearing phase.
F-84
1.2 Civil and administrative proceedings in the matters of environment, health and safety
(i) Syndial SpA (former EniChem SpA) - Summon for alleged environmental damage caused by DDT
pollution in the Lake Maggiore - Prosecuting body: Ministry of the Environment. In May 2003, the Ministry of
the Environment summoned Syndial (former EniChem) to obtain a sentence condemning the Eni subsidiary to
compensate an alleged environmental damage caused by the activity of the Pieve Vergonte plant in the years 1990
through 1996. With a temporarily executive sentence dated July 3, 2008, the District Court of Turin sentenced the
subsidiary Syndial SpA to compensate environmental damages amounting to (cid:1)1,833.5 million, plus legal interests
that accrue from the filing of the decision. Syndial and Eni technical-legal consultants have considered the decision
and the amount of the compensation to be without factual and legal basis and have concluded that a negative
outcome of this proceeding is unlikely. Particularly, Eni and its subsidiary deem the amount of the environmental
damage to be absolutely wholly groundless as the sentence has been considered to lack sufficient elements to
support such a material amount of the liability charged to Eni and its subsidiary with respect to the volume of
pollutants ascertained by the Italian environmental minister. Based on these technical-legal advices also supported
by external accounting consultants, no provisions have been made against the proceeding. In July 2009, Syndial
filed an appeal against the above mentioned sentence, and consequently the proceeding would continue before a
second degree court. In the hearing of June 15, 2012, before the Second Degree Court of Turin, the Minister of the
Environment, formalized trough the Board of State Lawyers its decision to not execute the sentence until a final
verdict on the whole matter is reached. The Second Degree Court requested Syndial to stand as defendant and then
requested a technical appraisal of the matter. This technical appraisal reached a favorable outcome for Syndial;
however such outcome has been questioned by the Board of State Lawyers. The hearing for the discussion of the
conclusions has not been scheduled yet.
(ii) Action commenced by the Municipality of Carrara for the remediation and reestablishment of
previous environmental conditions at the Avenza site and payment of environmental damage. The
Municipality of Carrara commenced an action before the Court of Genova requesting Syndial SpA to remediate and
restore previous environmental conditions at the Avenza site and the payment of environmental damage (amounting
to (cid:1)139 million), further damages of various types (e.g. damage to the natural beauty of this site) amounting to (cid:1)80
million as well as damages relating to loss of profit and property amounting to approximately (cid:1)16 million. This
request is related to an accident that occurred in 1984, as a consequence of which EniChem Agricoltura SpA (later
merged into Syndial SpA), at the time owner of the site, carried out safety and remediation works. The Ministry of
the Environment joined the action and requested environmental damage payment – from a minimum of (cid:1)53.5
million to a maximum of (cid:1)93.3 million – to be broken down among the various companies that ran the plant in the
past. With a sentence of March 2008, the Court of Genova rejected all claims made by the Municipality of Carrara
and the Ministry of the Environment. The Second Instance Court too confirmed the decision issued in the first
judgment and rejected all the claims made by the plaintiffs. The Ministry of the Environment filed an appeal before
a third instance court on the belief that Syndial is to be held responsible for the environmental damage as the Eni
subsidiary took over the site from the previous owners assuming all existing liabilities; it was responsible for
managing the plant and inadequately remediating the site after the occurrence of an incident in 1984 and for omitted
clean-up. Syndial established itself as defendant. The proceeding is pending.
(iii) Ministry of the Environment - Augusta harbor. The Italian Ministry of the Environment with various
administrative acts prescribed companies running plants in the petrochemical site of Priolo to perform safety and
environmental remediation works in the Augusta harbor. Companies involved include Eni subsidiaries Versalis,
Syndial and Eni Refining & Marketing Division. Pollution has been detected in this area primarily due to a high
mercury concentration which is allegedly attributed to the industrial activity of the Priolo petrochemical site. The
above mentioned companies opposed said administrative actions, objecting in particular to the way in which
remediation works have been designed and modes whereby information on pollutants concentration has been
gathered. A number of administrative proceedings were started on this matter, which were reunified before the
Regional Administrative Court of Catania. In October 2012, said Court ruled in favor Eni’s subsidiaries against the
Ministry prescriptions about the removal of pollutants and the construction of a physical barrier. The Court ruling
was based on a sentence filed by the Court of Justice of the European Community. Specifically, the European Court
confirmed the EU principle of the liability associated with the environmental damage, while at the same time
reaffirming the necessity to ascertain the relation between cause and effect and identify the entity that is actually
liable for polluting. It must be noted that the Public Prosecutor of Siracusa commenced a criminal action against
unknown persons in order to verify the effective contamination of the Augusta harbor and the risks relating to the
execution of the clean-up project proposed by the Ministry. The technical assessment disposed by the Public
Prosecutor generated the following outcomes: (a) no public health risk in the Augusta harbor; (b) absence of any
involvement on part of Eni companies in the contamination; and (c) drainages dangerousness. Based on those
findings, the Public Prosecutor decided to dismiss the proceeding.
F-85
(iv) Claim for preventive technical inquiry - Court of Gela. In February 2012, Eni’s subsidiaries Raffineria
di Gela SpA and Syndial SpA and the parent company Eni SpA (involved in this matter through the operations of
the Refining & Marketing Division) were notified a claim issued by 18 parents of children born malformed in the
Municipality of Gela between 1992 and 2007. The claim for preventive technical inquiry aims at verifying the
relation of causality between the malformation pathologies suffered by the children of the plaintiffs and the
environmental pollution caused by the Gela site (pollution deriving from the existence and activities at the industrial
plants of the Gela refinery and Syndial SpA), quantifying the alleged damages suffered and eventually identifying
the terms and conditions to settle the claim. The examination of the claims filed by the plaintiffs confirmed the lack
of evidence in the relation of causality. In any case, the same issue was the subject of previous inquiries in a number
of proceedings, all resolved without the ascertainment of any illicit behavior on part of Eni or its subsidiaries. A
technical appraisal of the matter is pending. Furthermore, 15 more claims were notified to Eni’s subsidiaries on the
same matter. Those proceedings are ongoing.
(v) Environmental claim relating to the Municipality of Cengio - Plaintiffs: the Ministry of the
Environment and the Delegated Commissioner for Environmental Emergency in the territory of the
Municipality of Cengio. The Ministry of the Environment and the Delegated Commissioner for Environmental
Emergency in the territory of the Municipality of Cengio summoned Eni’s subsidiary Syndial before a Civil Court
and sentenced the Eni’s subsidiary to compensate the environmental damage relating to the site of Cengio. The
plaintiffs accused Syndial of negligence in performing the clean-up and remediation of the site. On the contrary,
Syndial believes to have executed properly and efficiently the clean-up work in accordance with the framework
agreement signed with the involved administrations including the Ministry of the Environment in 2000. On
February 6, 2013, a Court in Genoa ruled the resumption of the proceeding and established a technical appraisal to
verify the existence of the environmental damage. The proceeding is pending.
(vi) Syndial SpA and Versalis SpA - Porto Torres - Prosecuting body: Public Prosecutor of Sassari. The
Public Prosecutor of Sassari (Sardinia) resolved that a number of officers and senior managers of companies
engaging in petrochemicals operations at the site of Porto Torres, including the manager responsible for plant
operations of the Company’s fully-owned subsidiary Syndial, would stand trial due to allegations of environmental
damage and poisoning of water and crops. The Province of Sassari, the Municipality of Porto Torres and other
entities have been acting as plaintiffs. The Judge for the Preliminary Hearing admitted as plaintiffs the above
mentioned parts, but based on the exceptions issued by Syndial on the lack of connection between the action as
plaintiff and the charge, denied that the claimants would act as plaintiff with regard to the serious pathologies related
to the existence of poisoning agents in the marine fauna of the industrial port of Porto Torres. The trial before a
jurisdictional body of the Italian Criminal Law which is charged with judging the most serious crimes, was annulled
as that jurisdictional body did not recognize the gravity elements justifying its judgment due to a different crime
allegation in the notice of conclusion of the preliminary investigation with respect to the crime allegation presented
in the request of trial filed by the Public Prosecutor. In February 2013, the Prosecutor of Sassari has notified the
conclusion of preliminary investigations and requested a new imputation for negligent behavior instead of illicit
conduct. In the conclusions of the preliminary hearing, the GUP of Sassari dismissed the accusation as a result of the
statute of limitations. The Public Prosecutor filed an appeal before a Third Instance Court.
(vii) Kashagan. On March 7, 2014, the Atyrau Region Environmental Department (ARED) launched a series
of civil claims against the consortium developing the Kashagan field. These proceedings allege certain emissions
associated with gas flaring occurring during commissioning have resulted in infringements of environmental laws
and environmental damages. The aggregate value of the civil claims is approximately US$ 737 million (KZT 134
billion), of which Eni’s share would be approximately US$ 124 million (KZT 22.5 billion). The Kashagan project’s
consortium disputes these allegations.
2. Court inquiries and of Other Regulatory Authorities
(i) Fos Cavaou. An arbitration proceeding before the International Chamber of Commerce of Paris between the
client company Société du Terminal Méthanier Fos Cavaou (now FOSMAX LNG) and the contractor STS – a
French consortium participated by Saipem SA (50%), Technimont SpA (49%) and Sofregaz SA (1%) – is pending.
The memorandum filed by FOSMAX LNG supporting the arbitration proceeding claimed the payment of (cid:1)264
million for damage payment, delay penalties and costs incurred for the termination of the works. Approximately
(cid:1)142 million of the total amount requested related to loss of profit, which is an item that cannot be compensated
based on the existing contractual provisions with the exception of fraudulent and serious culpable behavior. STS
filed counterclaim for a total amount of approximately (cid:1)338 million as damage repayment due to the alleged
excessive interference of FOSMAX LNG in the execution of the works and payment of extra works not recognized
by the client. Both parties filed their memoranda. Management expects the arbitration experts to issue a final ruling
by the end of 2014.
F-86
(ii) Eni SpA - Reorganization procedure of the airlines companies Volare Group, Volare Airlines and Air
Europe - Prosecuting body: Delegated Commissioner. In March 2009, Eni and its subsidiary Sofid (now Eni
Adfin) were notified of a bankruptcy claw back as part of a reorganization procedure filed by the airlines companies
Volare Group, Volare Airlines and Air Europe which commenced under the provisions of Ministry of Production
Activities, on November 30, 2004. The request regarded the override of all the payments made by those entities to
Eni and Eni Adfin, as Eni agent for the receivables collection, in the year previous to the insolvency declaration
from November 30, 2003 to November 29, 2004, for a total estimated amount of (cid:1)46 million plus interest. Eni and
Eni Adfin were admitted as defendants. After the conclusion of the investigation, a court ruled against the claims
made by the commissioners of the reorganization procedures. The relevant ruling was filed on March 1, 2012. The
commissioners filed a counterclaim against the first degree sentence.
(iii) Reorganization procedure of Alitalia Linee Aeree Italiane SpA under extraordinary administration.
On January 23, 2013, the Italian airline company Alitalia undergoing a reorganization procedure summoned before
the Court of Rome, Eni, Exxon Italia and Kuwait Petroleum Italia SpA to obtain a compensation for alleged
damages caused by a presumed anticompetitive behavior on part of the three petroleum companies in the supply of
jet fuel in the years 1998 through 2009. The claim was based on a deliberation filed by the Italian Antitrust
Authority on June 14, 2006. The antitrust deliberation accused Eni and other five petroleum companies of
anticompetitive agreements designed to split the market for jet fuel supplies and blocking the entrance of new
players in the years 1998 through 2006. The antitrust findings were substantially endorsed by an administrative
court. Alitalia has made a claim against the three petroleum companies jointly and severally presenting two
alternative ways to assess the alleged damages. A first assessment of the overall damages amounted to (cid:1)908 million.
This was based on the presumption that the anticompetitive agreements among the defendants would have prevented
Alitalia from autonomously purchasing supplies of jet fuel in the years when the existence of the anticompetitive
agreements were ascertained by the Italian Antitrust Authority and in subsequent years until Alitalia ceased to
operate airline activity. Alitalia asserts the incurrence of higher supply costs of jet fuel of (cid:1)777 million excluding
interest accrued and other items which add to the lower profitability caused by a reduced competitive position in the
marketplace estimated at (cid:1)131 million. An alternative assessment of the overall damage made by Alitalia stands at
(cid:1)395 million of which (cid:1)334 million of higher purchase costs for jet fuel and (cid:1)61 million of lower profitability due to
the reduced competitive position on the marketplace. The proceeding of first instance is at a preliminary stage, as a
number of pre-trial issues determined a substantial stalemate situation.
3. Antitrust, EU Proceedings, Actions of the Authority for Electricity and Gas
and of Other Regulatory Authorities
(i) Inquiries in relation to alleged anticompetitive agreements in the area of elastomers - Prosecuting
Body: European Commission. On November 29, 2006, the European Commission ascertaining anticompetitive
agreements in the field of BR and ESBR elastomers fined Eni and its subsidiary Versalis SpA (former Polimeri
Europa SpA) for an amount of (cid:1)272.25 million. Eni and its subsidiary filed claims against this decision before the
European Court of First Instance in February 2007. On July 13, 2011, the First Instance Court filed the decision to
reduce the above mentioned fine to the amount of (cid:1)181.5 million. In particular the Court annulled the increase of the
fine related to the aggravating circumstance of recidivism. The companies involved in the decision and the European
Commission filed a claim before the European Court of Justice. In addition the European Commission
communicated to the decision to start an inquiry for the determination of a new sanction. The Company filed an
appeal against this decision. On March 1, 2013, the Commission communicated to Eni and Versalis the
commencement of a new proceeding for a new evaluation of the existence of the requirement for the application of
an increased fine based on the aggravating circumstance of recidivism. In August 2007, with respect to the above
mentioned decision of the European Commission, Eni submitted a request for a negative ascertainment with the
Court of Milan aimed at proving the non-existence of alleged damages suffered by tire BR/SBR manufacturers. This
judgment is pending. Then, subsidiaries of Dow Chemical summoned Eni and Versalis in order to be indemnified
and held harmless as part of a proceeding commenced before the Commercial Court of London where tyre
producers have been claiming compensation for the damages which were allegedly caused by the companies which
have been part of the alleged trust on BR elastomers, among which the same Dow Chemical. Eni, Versalis and Dow
Chemical have agreed to suspend the judgment also because Eni and Versalis have appealed the jurisdiction of the
British Court. In December 2012, the First Instance Court of the European Union reduced to (cid:1)106 million the fine
imposed to Eni and its subsidiary Polimeri Europa from the original amount of (cid:1)132.16 million sanctioned on
December 5, 2007, relating to alleged anticompetitive practices in the in CR elastomers sector, with other chemical
companies, in violation of Article 81 of EC Treaty and of Article 53 of SEE Agreement. In March 2013, Eni and
Versalis have appealed against this decision before the European Court of Justice in order to obtain the complete
annulment of the economic sanction. Also the European Commission has appealed against the decision. Pending the
decision, Eni accrued a provision with respect to this proceeding.
(ii) Preliminary investigation of the Italian Authority for Electricity and Gas about the invoicing to retail
clients of gas and electricity. With a resolution on October 31, 2013, the Italian AEEG resolved to commence a
F-87
preliminary investigation to ascertain whether Eni violated certain administrative provisions that regulate the
periodical invoicing in the retail selling of gas and electricity. The investigation also includes alleged delays in the
invoice of certain documentation which is required in case of change of supplier. Upon the finalization of the
investigation, the AEEG may impose an administrative sanction including a possible fine in accordance to Law
No. 481/1995 currently not estimable.
4. Court inquiries
(i) EniPower SpA. In June 2004, the Milan Public Prosecutor commenced inquiries into contracts
awarded by Eni’s subsidiary EniPower and on supplies from other companies to EniPower. These inquiries
were widely covered by the media. It emerged that illicit payments were made by EniPower suppliers to a manager
of EniPower who was immediately dismissed. The Court presented EniPower (commissioning entity) and
Snamprogetti (now Saipem SpA) (contractor of engineering and procurement services) with notices of process in
accordance with existing laws regulating the administrative responsibility of companies (Legislative Decree No.
231/2001). In accordance with its transparency and integrity guidelines, Eni took the necessary steps in acting as
plaintiff in the expected legal action in order to recover any damage that could have been caused to Eni by the illicit
behavior of its suppliers and of their and Eni employees. In the meantime, preliminary investigations have found
that both EniPower and Snamprogetti are not to be considered defendants in accordance with existing laws
regulating the administrative responsibility of companies (Legislative Decree No. 231/2001). In August 2007, Eni
was notified that the Public Prosecutor requested the dismissal of EniPower SpA and Snamprogetti SpA, while the
proceeding continues against former employees of these companies and employees and managers of the suppliers
under the provisions of Legislative Decree No. 231/2001. Eni SpA, EniPower and Snamprogetti presented
themselves as plaintiffs in the preliminary hearing. In the preliminary hearing related to the main proceeding on
April 27, 2009, the Judge for the Preliminary Hearing requested all the parties that have not requested the
plea-bargain to stand in trial, excluding certain defendants as a result of the statute of limitations. During the hearing
on March 2, 2010, the Court confirmed the admission as plaintiffs of Eni SpA, EniPower SpA and Saipem SpA
against the inquired parts under the provisions of Legislative Decree No. 231/2001. Further employees of the
companies involved were identified as defendants to account for their civil responsibility. After the filing of the
pleadings occurred in the hearing of July 12, 2011, the proceeding was postponed to September 20, 2011. In that
date the Court of Milan concluded that nine persons were guilty for the above mentioned crimes. In addition they
were sentenced jointly and severally to the payment of all damages to be assessed through a dedicated proceeding
and to the reimbursement of the proceeding expenses incurred by the plaintiffs. The Court also resolved to dismiss
all the criminal indictments for 7 employees, representing some companies involved as a result of the statute of
limitations while the trial ended with an acquittal of 15 individuals. In relation to the companies involved in the
proceeding, the Court found that 7 companies are liable based on the provisions of Legislative Decree No. 231/2001,
imposing a fine and the disgorgement of profit. Eni SpA and its subsidiaries, EniPower and Saipem which took over
Snamprogetti, acted as plaintiffs in the proceeding also against the mentioned companies. The Court rejected the
position as plaintiffs of the Eni Group companies, reversing a prior decision made by the Court. This decision may
have been made probably on the basis of a pronouncement made by a Supreme Court which stated the illegitimacy
of the constitution as plaintiffs made against any legal entity which is indicted under the provisions of Legislative
Decree No. 231/2001. The Court filed the ground of the judgment on December 19, 2011. The condemned parties
filed an appeal against the above mentioned decision. The Appeal Court issued a ruling which substantially
confirmed the first-degree judgment except for the fact that it ascertained the statute of limitation with regard to
certain defendants.
(ii) TSKJ Consortium Investigations by U.S., Italian, and Other Authorities. Snamprogetti Netherlands
BV has a 25% participation in the TSKJ Consortium companies. The remaining participations are held in equal
shares of 25% by KBR, Technip, and JGC. Beginning in 1994, the TSKJ Consortium was involved in the
construction of natural gas liquefaction facilities at Bonny Island in Nigeria. Snamprogetti SpA, the holding
company of Snamprogetti Netherlands BV, was a wholly-owned subsidiary of Eni until February 2006, when an
agreement was entered into for the sale of Snamprogetti to Saipem SpA and Snamprogetti was merged into Saipem
as of October 1, 2008. Eni holds a 43% participation in Saipem. In connection with the sale of Snamprogetti to
Saipem, Eni agreed to indemnify Saipem for a variety of matters, including potential losses and charges resulting
from the investigations into the TSKJ matter referred to below, even in relation to Snamprogetti subsidiaries. In
recent years the proceeding was settled with the U.S. Authorities and certain Nigerian Authorities, which had been
investing into the matter.
The proceedings in the United States: following an investigation that lasted several years, in 2010 the
Department of Justice and the U.S. SEC entered into settlements with each of the TSKJ Consortium members. In
particular, in July 2010, Snamprogetti Netherlands BV entered into a deferred prosecution agreement with the DoJ,
consented to the filing of criminal information, and agreed to pay a fine of $240 million. In addition, Snamprogetti
Netherlands BV and Eni reached an agreement with the U.S. SEC to resolve the investigation and jointly agreed to
F-88
pay disgorgement to the U.S. SEC of $125 million. All amounts due to the U.S. Authorities were paid by Eni in
accordance with the indemnity granted by Eni in connection with its sale of Snamprogetti to Saipem. Following the
two-year period set out in the deferred prosecution agreement, in September 2012 the DoJ dismissed the criminal
information filed against Snamprogetti Netherlands BV, thereby dismissing the criminal proceeding against
Snamprogetti Netherlands BV.
The proceedings in Italy: the events under investigation covered the period since 1994 and also concerned the
period of time subsequent to the June 8, 2001, enactment of Italian Legislative Decree No. 231 concerning the
liability of legal entities. The proceeding set by the Public Prosecutor of Milan investigated Eni SpA and Saipem
SpA for liability of legal entities arising from offences involving alleged international corruption charged to former
managers of Snamprogetti SpA. The Public Prosecutor of Milan requested Eni SpA and Saipem SpA to be debarred
from activities involving – directly or indirectly – any agreement with the Nigerian National Petroleum Corp and its
subsidiaries. In particular, the Public Prosecutor claimed the inadequacy and violation of the organizational,
management and control model adopted to prevent those offences charged to people subject to direction and
supervision. Subsequently, the Public Prosecutor of Milan, with respect to the guarantee payment amounting to
(cid:1)24,530,580 even in the interest of Saipem SpA, renounced to contest the decision of rejection of precautionary
measures of disqualification for Eni SpA and Saipem SpA. The charged crimes involved alleged corruptive events
that have occurred in Nigeria after July 31, 2004. It is also stated the aggravating circumstance that Snamprogetti
SpA reported a relevant profit (estimated at approximately $65 million). The Public Prosecutor requested five
former employees of Snamprogetti SpA (now Saipem) and Saipem SpA (as legal entity incorporating Snamprogetti)
to stand trial. In the course of the proceeding, the Court dismissed the case with respect to the position of the
individuals who were acting as plaintiffs for the expiration of the statute of limitations while the proceeding
continued for Saipem SpA. Afterwards, the Court condemned Saipem SpA to pay a fine amounting to (cid:1)600,000 and
the disgorgement of the guarantee payment of (cid:1)24,530,580, made by Snamprogetti Netherlands BV. Saipem filed an
appeal against the sentence issued by the First Instance Court. At the moment, the date of the hearing has not been
scheduled.
(iii) Gas metering. With the proceeding No. 11183/06 the Public Prosecutor at the Court of Milan accused Eni,
certain top managers of Eni and of the Group companies of alleged breaches of the Italian Criminal Law, starting
from 2003, regarding the use of instruments for measuring gas, in relation to the payments of excise duties and the
billing of clients as well as relations with the Supervisory Authorities. The allegation regards, inter alia, the offense
contemplated by Legislative Decree of June 8, 2001, No. 231, which establishes the liability of the legal entity for
crimes committed by its employee in the interests of such legal entity, or to its advantage. Accordingly, notice of the
commencement of investigations was served upon Eni Group companies (Eni, Snam Rete Gas and Italgas) as well
as third party companies. During the years, the investigations of the Public Prosecutor led to two distinctive
proceedings known as “the Croatian Gas” and “Excise Duties”. The first proceeding was dismissed against all
defendants by the Judge of the Preliminary Hearing on January 24, 2012. The Supreme Degree Court confirmed the
Judge decision against the recourse presented by the public prosecutors, who nonetheless challenged the Judge
decision only in relation with a few defendants. Also the proceeding about excise duties resulted in a favorable
outcome to all defendants – who were employees and former employees of Eni’s Gas & Power Division – because
the Judge ascertained that the investigated facts did not enter into the specifics of the alleged crimes. Again, in 2013,
the Supreme Degree Court confirmed the Judge decision against the recourse presented by the public prosecutors.
(iv) Algeria - Corruption investigation. Authorities in Italy and in other countries are investigating
allegations of corrupt payments in connection with the award of certain contracts to Saipem. On February 4, 2011,
Eni received from the Public Prosecutor of Milan an information request pursuant to Article 248 of the Italian Code
of Criminal Procedure. The request related to allegations of international corruption and pertained to certain
activities performed by Saipem Group companies in Algeria (in particular the contract between Saipem and
Sonatrach relating to the construction of the GK3 gas pipeline and the contract between Galsi, Saipem and Technip
relating to the engineering of the ground section of a gas pipeline). For that reason, the notification was forwarded
by Eni to Saipem. The crime of international corruption is among the offenses contemplated by Legislative Decree
of June 8, 2001, No. 231, relating to corporate responsibility for crimes committed by employees which provides
fines and interdictions to the company and the disgorgement of profit. Saipem promptly began to collect
documentation in response to the requests of the Public Prosecutor. The documents were produced on February 16,
2011. Eni also filed documentation relating to the MLE project (in which the Eni’s Exploration & Production
Division participates) even if not required, with respect to which investigations in Algeria are ongoing. On
November 22, 2012, the Public Prosecutor of Milan served Saipem a notice stating that it had commenced an
investigation for alleged liability of the company for international corruption in accordance to Article 25, second and
third paragraph of Legislative Decree No. 231/2001. Furthermore the prosecutor requested the production of certain
documents relating to certain activities in Algeria. Subsequently, on November 30, 2012, Saipem was served a
notice of seizure, then, on December 18, 2012, a request for documentation and finally, on January 16, 2013, a
search warrant was issued, in order to acquire further documentation in particular relating to certain intermediary
contracts and sub-contracts entered into by Saipem in connection with its Algerian business. The investigation
relates to alleged corruption which, according to the Public Prosecutor, had occurred with regard to certain contracts
F-89
awarded to Saipem in Algeria up until March 2010. The former CEO of Saipem, who was resigned from the office
at the end of 2012, and the former COO of the business unit Engineering & Construction of Saipem, who was fired
at the beginning of 2013, as well as other Saipem employees and former employees are under investigation. On
February 7, 2013, on mandate from the Public Prosecutor of Milan, the Italian financial police visited Eni’s
headquarters in Rome and San Donato Milanese and executed searches and seized documents relating to Saipem’s
activity in Algeria. On the same occasion, Eni was served a notice that an investigation had commenced in
accordance with Article 25, third and fourth paragraph of Legislative Decree No. 231/2001 with respect to Eni,
Eni’s CEO, Eni’s former CFO, and another senior manager. Eni’s former CFO had previously served as Saipem’s
CFO including during the period in which alleged corruption took place and before being appointed as CFO of Eni
in August 2008. He departed from Eni in connection with the bribery investigation. The proceeding was unified with
the Iraq-Kazakhstan proceeding, concerning a different line of investigation, as it related to the activities carried out
by Eni in Iraq and Kazakhstan. More information is provided in the specific section of this report. Saipem, which is
fully cooperating with the judicial authority since the beginning of the investigation, has also promptly undertaken
management and administrative changes. Saipem has commenced an internal investigation in relation to the
contracts in question with the support of external advisors; such internal investigation is conducted in agreement
with the statutory bodies deputed to the company’s control and the Italian Public Prosecutor has been informed of
this internal investigation. In addition, in the course of 2013, Saipem has completed a review aimed at verifying the
correct application of internal procedures and controls relating to anti-corruption and prevention of illicit activities,
with the assistance of external consultants. Saipem provided Eni the findings of its internal review; Eni is still
evaluating those findings. Moreover, Saipem’s Board resolved to initiate legal action to protect the interests of the
Company against certain former employees and suppliers, reserving any further action if additional factors emerge.
In August 2013, in relation to the criminal proceeding the press reported that the former Chief Operating Officer of
the Business Unit Engineering & Construction of Saipem, who had been fired by the company, was subject to a
precautionary detention measure in prison. This measure, as reported by the press, was subsequently canceled in
December 2013 by granting house arrest. Finally, as requested by the U.S. Department of Justice (DoJ), in the
course of 2013, Saipem entered into a tolling agreement with the DoJ which to extend the statute of limitations
applicable to possible violations of the federal laws of the United States in relation to certain past activities
conducted by Saipem and its subsidiaries. The tolling agreement does not constitute an admission on part of Saipem
of any wrongdoing or a concession of the jurisdiction of the United States to bring a proceeding. Saipem intends to
fully cooperate also as part of any possible investigation made by U.S. Authorities. Furthermore, Eni, albeit denying
any involvement in the matter, has commenced an internal investigation with the assistance of external consultants,
in addition to the review activities performed by its audit and internal control departments and a dedicated team to
the Algerian matters. To date excepting further investigation if necessary, the following preliminary results have
been reached: (i) the review of the documents seized by the Milan prosecutors and the examination of internal
records held by Eni’s global procurement department have not found any evidence that Eni entered into
intermediary or any other contractual arrangements with the third parties involved in the prosecutors’ investigation;
the brokerage contracts, that have identified, were signed by Saipem or its subsidiaries or predecessor companies;
and (ii) the internal review made on a voluntary basis of the MLE project, the only project that Eni understands to be
under the prosecutors’ investigation where client is an Eni Group company. That review has not found evidence that
any Eni employee engaged in wrongdoing in connection with the award to Saipem of two main contracts to execute
the project (EPC and Drilling). The findings of Eni’s internal review have been provided to the judicial authority in
order to reaffirm Eni’s willingness to fully cooperate. Furthermore, with the assistance of external consultants, Eni
has been reviewing the extent of its operating control over Saipem with regard to both legal and accounting and
administrative issues. The findings of the review performed have confirmed the autonomy of Saipem from the
parent company. Finally, Eni has contacted the U.S. Authorities – the DoJ and the U.S. SEC – in order to voluntary
inform them about this matter, considering the developments in the Italian prosecutors’ investigations since the end
of 2012. Following this informal contact between Eni and the U.S. Authorities, both the U.S. SEC and the DoJ have
started their own investigations about this matter. Eni has furnished various information and documents, including
the findings of its internal reviews, in response to formal and informal requests. Investigations are also ongoing in
Algeria where the bank accounts of a Saipem’s subsidiary, Saipem Contracting Algérie SpA, have been blocked by
the Algerian Authorities with a balance equivalent to about (cid:1)80 million at current exchange rates. Those bank
accounts related to two ongoing projects in Algeria. In 2012, a notice of investigation was served to Saipem
Contracting Algérie SpA. The company is alleged to have taken advantage of the authority or influence of
representatives of a government owned industrial and trading company in order to inflate prices in relation to
contracts awarded by said company. In January 2013, the Judicial Authority in Algeria ordered Saipem’s Algerian
subsidiary to stand trial and reaffirmed the blockage of the above mentioned bank accounts. Saipem Contracting
Algérie SpA has lodged an appeal against this decision before the Supreme Court. Furthermore, also the parent
company Saipem is being investigated by the Judicial Authority in Algeria for alleged corrupt payments. The
investigations of the various authorities are ongoing and it is not possible to predict their outcome. They could result
in legal liability on the part of individuals or entities found in violation of the FCPA, Italian and other
anti-corruption laws.
(v) Iraq - Kazakhstan. A criminal proceeding is pending before the Public Prosecutor of Milan in relation to
alleged crimes of international corruption involving Eni’s activities in Kazakhstan regarding the management of the
F-90
Karachaganak plant and the Kashagan project, as well as handling of assignment procedures of work contracts by
Agip KCO. The crime of “international corruption” is sanctioned, in accordance to the Italian criminal code, by
Legislative Decree of June 8, 2001 No. 231 which holds legal entities liable for the crimes committed by their
employees on their behalf. The company has filed the documents collected and is fully collaborating with the Public
Prosecutor. A number of managers and a former manager are involved in the investigation. The above mentioned
proceeding has been reunified with another (the so-called “Iraq proceeding”) regarding a parallel proceeding related
to Eni’s activities in Iraq, disclosed in the following paragraphs. On June 21, 2011, Eni Zubair SpA and Saipem SpA
in Fano (Italy) were notified that a search warrant had been issued to search the offices and homes of certain
employees of the Group and of certain third parties. In particular, the homes and offices of an employee of Eni
Zubair and a manager of Saipem were searched by the authorities. The accusation is of criminal conspiracy and
corruption in relation with the activity of Eni Zubair in Iraq and of Saipem in the “Jurassic” project in Kuwait. The
Public Prosecutor of Milan has charged Eni Zubair, Eni and Saipem with the accusations as a result of the alleged
illicit actions of their employees. If the charges are valid, Eni considers those employees to have breached the
Company’s Code of Ethics. The Eni Zubair employee resigned and the company, accepting the resignation, reserved
the right to take action against the individual to defend its interests and subsequently commenced a legal action
against the other persons mentioned in the seizure act. Notwithstanding that the Eni Group companies appear to be
offended parties in respect of the illicit conduct under investigation associated with these accusations, Eni SpA and
Saipem SpA also received, at the same time the search warrant was issued, a notification pursuant to the Legislative
Decree No. 231/2001. Eni SpA was notified by the Public Prosecutor of a request of extension of the preliminary
investigations that has led up to the involvement of another employee as well as other suppliers in the proceeding.
Eni performed a review of the whole matter also with the support of an external consulting firm which issued its
final appraisal report on July 25, 2012. According to the opinion of its legal team, the Company’s watch structure
and Internal Control Committee, Saipem too commenced through its Internal Audit department an internal review
about the project with the support of an external consultant. The Public Prosecutor of Milan requested Eni SpA to be
debarred for one year and six months from performing any industrial activities involving the production sharing
contract of 1997 with the Republic of Kazakhstan and in the subsequent administrative or commercial arrangements,
or the prosecution of the mentioned activities under the supervision of a commissioner pursuant to Article 15 of the
Legislative Decree No. 231/2001. In the subsequent hearings, Eni filed defensive memorandum; also the Public
Prosecutor filed further documentation supporting the request of precautionary measures. On July 16, 2013, the
Judge for Preliminary Investigation rejected the request for precautionary measures requested by the Public
Prosecutor of Milan, because considered groundless. The Public Prosecutor promptly appealed the decision before a
higher-degree court. After the appeal hearing, on October 21, 2013, such court rejected the appeal filed by the Public
Prosecutor. The Re-examination Court rejected the appeal with judgment upon the merits due to the lack of serious
evidence against Eni, accepting the defence arguments for which Eni suffered severe damages as a consequence of
poor performances of some suppliers involved in the Kashagan project. In addition, the Court declared the lack of
precautionary requirements considering the reorganization of the activities in Kazakhstan and taking into account of
the initiatives of internal audit and control promptly adopted by Eni. The Public Prosecutor’s office did not appeal
against the sentence of the Re-examination Court. Also based on this decision, on March 13, 2014, the Eni legal
team requested to the Public Prosecutor to dismiss the proceeding.
(vi) Criminal proceeding for environmental violations. On March 31, 2014, the Court of first instance of
Rovigo sentenced the Chief Executive Officer of Eni to three years of imprisonment and a ban on holding public
office for an alleged environmental pollution caused by Enel power plant in Porto Tolle occurred when he was Chief
Executive Officer of Enel (from 2002 to 2005). Eni CEO has excluded any liability and announced that he will
appeal the judgment, which is suspended pending the appeal.
5. Tax Proceedings
Italy
(i) Eni SpA. Dispute for the omitted payment of a municipal tax related to oil platforms located in
territorial waters in the Adriatic Sea. With a formal assessment presented in December 1999, the Municipality of
Pineto (Teramo) claimed Eni SpA omitted payment of a municipal tax on real estate for the period from 1993 to
1998 on four oil platforms located in the Adriatic Sea which constitute municipal waters. Eni was requested to pay a
total of approximately (cid:1)17 million including interest and a fine. Eni filed a counterclaim stating that the sea where
the platforms are located is not part of the municipal territory and the tax application as requested by the
municipality lacked objective fundamentals. The claim has been accepted in the first two degrees of judgment at the
Provincial and Regional Tax Commissions. However, the Supreme Degree Court overturned both judgments,
declaring that a municipality can consider requesting a tax on real estate in the sea facing its territory and with the
decision of February 2005 sent the proceeding to another section of the Regional Tax Commission in order to rule
on the matters of the proceeding. This commission requested an independent consultant to assess the tax and
F-91
technical aspects of the matter. The independent consultant confirmed that Eni’s offshore installations lack any
ground to be subject to the municipal tax that was claimed by the local municipality. Those findings were accepted
by the Regional Tax Commission with a ruling made on January 19, 2009. On January 25, 2011, the municipality
notified Eni of an appeal to the Supreme Degree Court for the cancellation of the above mentioned ruling. Also on
December 28, 2005, the Municipality of Pineto presented similar claims relating to the same Eni platforms for the
years 1999 to 2004. The total amount requested was (cid:1)25 million including interest and penalties. Eni filed a
counterclaim which was accepted by the First Degree Judge with a decision of December 4, 2007. Also a second
degree court ruled in favor of Eni’s recourses with a sentence filed in June 2012. Terms are pending to file a
counterclaim before a third degree court. Similar formal assessments related to Eni oil and gas offshore platforms
were presented by the Municipalities of Falconara Marittima, Tortoreto, Pedaso, and also from 2009 the Gela
municipality. The total amounts of those claims were approximately (cid:1)7.5 million. The Company filed appeal against
all those claims. A tax commission in Sicily ruled in favor of Eni accepting the recourse against the tax claims
presented by the Municipality of Gela.
Outside Italy
(i) Eni Angola Production BV. In 2009, the Ministry of the Finance of Angola, following a fiscal audit, filed a
notice of tax assessment for fiscal years 2002 to 2007 in which it claimed the improper deductibility of amortization
charges recognized on assets in progress related to the payment of the Petroleum Income Tax that was made by Eni
Angola Production BV as co-operator of the Cabinda concession. The company filed an appeal against this decision.
The judgment is still pending before the Supreme Court. Eni accrued a provision with respect to this proceeding.
(ii) Eni’s subsidiary in Indonesia. A tax proceeding is pending against Eni’s subsidiary Lasmo Sanga Sanga
Ltd as the Tax Administration of Indonesia has questioned the application of a tax rate of 10% on the profit earned
by the local branch of Eni’s subsidiary for fiscal years 2002 through 2009. Eni’s subsidiary, which is resident in the
United Kingdom for tax purposes, believes that the 10% tax rate is warranted by the current treaty for the avoidance
of double taxation. On the contrary, the Tax Administration of Indonesia has claimed the application of the local tax
rate of 20%. The greater taxes due in accordance to the latter rate have been disbursed amounting to $134 million
including interest expense. Eni’s subsidiary has filed an appeal claiming the opening of an amicable procedure to
settle the matter and avoid bearing a tax regime not in compliance with the United Kingdom/Indonesia treaty. Eni
accrued a provision with respect to this proceeding.
6. Settled legal proceedings
(i) Investigation of the quality of groundwater in the area of the Refinery of Gela. This criminal
proceeding held by the Public Prosecutor of Gela relating to alleged pollution of ground at the Eni Gela Refinery
was dismissed because the statute of limitations expired.
(ii) Alleged negligent fire (Priolo). Due to the immateriality of the proceeding, no more information will be
reported about a pending investigation of the Public Prosecutor of Siracusa relating to certain Eni managers who
were in charge of conducting operations at the Refinery of Priolo aimed at ascertaining whether Eni they acted with
negligence in connection with a fire that occurred at the Priolo plants on April 30, and May 1-2, 2006.
(iii) Groundwater at the Priolo site - Prosecuting body: Public Prosecutor of Siracusa. The Public
Prosecutor of Siracusa who has started an investigation in order to ascertain the level of contamination of the
groundwater at the Priolo site requested to dismiss the case.
(iv) Syndial SpA (former EniChem SpA) - Claim of environmental damages, allegedly caused by
industrial activities in the area of Crotone - Prosecuting Bodies: the Council of Ministers, the Ministry of the
Environment, the Delegated Commissioner for Environmental Emergency in the Calabria Region and the
Calabria Region. The Council of Ministers, the Ministry of the Environment, the Delegated Commissioner for
Environmental Emergency in the Calabria Region and the Calabria Region summoned Syndial before the Civil
Court of Milan to obtain a sentence condemning the Eni subsidiary to compensate the environmental damage and
clean-up and remediation costs caused by the operations of Pertusola Sud SpA (merged in EniChem, now Syndial)
at the Crotone site. The original compensation claimed for environmental remediation and clean-up amounted to
(cid:1)2,720 million which comprised both the Calabria Region claims and the Ministry of the Environment claims. In
order to settle the whole matter, in 2008 Syndial decided to take over the remediation activities in the area and on
December 5, 2008 filed a comprehensive clean-up project. This project, which was approved in almost its entirety
by the Ministry of the Environment and the Calabria Region, has been considered substantially adequate also by the
Court. On February 24, 2012, the Court sentenced Syndial to correctly execute the environmental clean-up of the
site in accordance with the approved remediation plan and to pay to the Presidency of the Council of Ministers and
F-92
the Ministry of Environment the sum of (cid:1)56.2 million plus interest charges accrued from the plaintiffs’ claims. The
sentence of the Court has now become final.
(v) Saipem SpA - CEPAV Uno. Saipem holds an interest in the CEPAV Uno Consortium (50.36%) which in
1991 signed a contract with TAV SpA (now RFI - Rete Ferroviaria Italiana SpA) for the construction of a fast-track
railway infrastructure for high speed/high capacity trains from Milan to Bologna. An arbitration proceeding has
arisen to define certain amounts claimed by the Consortium against the buyer for alleged changes in the scope of
work, as the counterparties failed to reach an amicable settlement of the issues. The Arbitration Committee resolved
a partial award to the Consortium amounting to (cid:1)54.253 million that was disbursed by RFI on February 7, 2013.
Then, the Consortium filed three further claims amounting to (cid:1)2,108 million to take into account alleged damages,
higher costs incurred for changes in the scope of work and other factors in addition to interest accrued and
revaluation. In December 2013, the Consortium and RFI entered into a global transaction whereby RFI paid (cid:1)200
million to compensate the Consortium for all pending claims, including the partial award of the arbitration experts.
RFI gave the Consortium the agreed 80% of the performance bids and the relevant advances.
(vi) Inquiry in relation to gas transportation. The inquiry held by the Italian Antitrust Authority about
alleged anticompetitive behavior charged to Eni in connection with the refusal to dispose of secondary transport
capacity on the Transitgas and TAG pipelines to third parties was dismissed following acceptance by the Authority
of the commitments presented by Eni.
(vii) Trading. In the investigation regarding two former Eni managers who were allegedly bribed by third
parties to facilitate the conclusion of transactions with oil trading companies, Eni was acting as plaintiff in this
proceeding and summoned the two people to be compensated for the economic damages suffered through the abuse
of working relations and activities. The proceeding closed due to the statute of limitations with respect to the above
mentioned managers.
(viii) Libya. On June 10, 2011, Eni received by the U.S. SEC a formal judicial request of collection and
presentation of documents (subpoena) related to Eni’s activity in Libya from 2008 until now in relation to an
ongoing investigation without further clarifications or specific alleged violations in connection to “certain illicit
payments to Libyan officials” possibly violating the U.S. Foreign Corruption Practice Act. Following a number of
discussions with the U.S. SEC and the provision of information and documentations, on April 29, 2013, the U.S.
SEC communicated to Eni the closing of the investigations without further claims or other observations.
Assets under concession arrangements
Eni operates under concession arrangements mainly in the Exploration & Production segment and the Refining
& Marketing segment. In the Exploration & Production segment contractual clauses governing mineral concessions,
licenses and exploration permits regulate the access of Eni to hydrocarbon reserves. Such clauses can differ in each
Country. In particular, mineral concessions, licenses and permits are granted by the legal owners and, generally,
entered into with government entities, state oil companies and, in some legal contexts, private owners. As a
compensation for mineral concessions, Eni pays royalties and taxes in accordance with local tax legislation. Eni
sustains all the operational risks and costs related to the exploration and development activities and it is entitled to
the productions realized. In production sharing agreement and in buy-back contracts, realized productions are
defined on the basis of contractual agreements drawn up with state oil companies which hold the concessions. Such
contractual agreements regulate the recovery of costs incurred for the exploration, development and operating
activities (cost oil) and give entitlement to the own portion of the realized productions (profit oil). In the Refining
& Marketing segment several service stations and other auxiliary assets of the distribution service are located in the
motorway areas and they are granted by the motorway concession operators following a public tender for the
sub-concession of the supplying of oil products distribution service and other auxiliary services. Such assets are
amortized over the length of the concession (generally, 5 years for Italy). In exchange of the granting of the services
described above, Eni provides to the motorway companies fixed and variable royalties on the basis of quantities
sold. At the end of the concession period, all non-removable assets are transferred to the grantor of the concession.
Assets under concessions relating to natural gas storage in Italy and to the gas distribution of the Gas & Power
segment pertained to Snam Group that was deconsolidated following the sale of control.
Environmental regulations
Risks associated with the footprint of Eni’s activities on the environment, health and safety are described in
“Financial Review”, paragraph “Risk factors and uncertainties”. In the future, Eni will sustain significant expenses
in relation to compliance with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and for reclaiming, safety and
remediation works of areas previously used for industrial production and dismantled sites. In particular, regarding
the environmental risk, management does not currently expect any material adverse effect upon Eni’s Consolidated
F-93
Financial Statements, taking account of ongoing remedial actions, existing insurance policies and the environmental
risk provision accrued in the Consolidated Financial Statements. However, management believes that it is possible
that Eni may incur material losses and liabilities in future years in connection with environmental matters due to:
(i) the possibility of as yet unknown contamination; (ii) the results of the ongoing surveys and the other possible
effects of statements required by Legislative Decree No. 152/2006 of the Ministry of the Environment; (iii) new
developments in environmental regulation; (iv) the effect of possible technological changes relating to future
remediation; and (v) the possibility of litigation and the difficulty of determining Eni’s liability, if any, as against
other potentially responsible parties with respect to such litigation and the possible insurance recoveries.
Emission trading
The third phase of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) came in force since January 1,
2013. Phase three sees a turn in the main method of assignment of the permits that change from allocating for free
on the base of historical emissions to allocating through auctioning. In particular, for the period 2013-2020, the free
allocation of permits is done using European benchmarks specific to each industrial segment, except for the
thermoelectric sector which is not eligible for free allocations. For this reason, starting from 2013, Eni benefits from
a lower allocation of emission permits compared to the emissions provided for plants subject to emissions trading.
This situation implies for Eni a progressive use of the permits accumulated in the period 2008-2012 and,
subsequently, the supplying of the amounts required by the compliance through the marketplace. As of December
31, 2013, the final quotas freely assigned to Eni’s plants for the period 2013-2020 are still under approval by each
state of the European Union. In 2013, the emissions of carbon dioxide from Eni’s plants were higher than the
permits assigned. Against emissions of carbon dioxide amounting to approximately 20.42 million tonnes were
assigned to Eni emission permits for a total amount of 9.24 million tonnes, determining a deficit of 11.8 million
tonnes. This deficit was partially offset by using permits accumulated in the period 2008-2012 (7.14 million tonnes),
while the remaining emissions permits were acquired through the marketplace (4.04 million tonnes).
36 Revenues
Following is a summary of the main components of “Revenues”.
Net sales from operations
((cid:1) million)
Revenues from sales and services .......................................................
Change in contract work in progress ..................................................
2011
2012
2013
107,248
442
107,690
126,364
745
127,109
114,549
148
114,697
Revenues from sales and services were stated net of the following items:
((cid:1) million)
2011
2012
2013
Excise taxes ..........................................................................................
Exchanges of oil sales (excluding excise taxes) ................................
Services billed to joint venture partners .............................................
Sales to service station managers for sales billed
to holders of credit cards .....................................................................
Exchanges of other products ...............................................................
11,863
2,470
3,375
1,810
9
19,527
13,823
2,177
4,422
12,650
2,018
5,459
2,010
1,909
22,432
22,036
Revenues from sales and services of (cid:1)114,549 million ((cid:1)107,248 million and (cid:1)126,364 million in 2011
the
and 2012,
Engineering & Construction segment for (cid:1)10,427 million ((cid:1)10,510 million and (cid:1)10,935 million in 2011 and 2012,
to additional considerations under negotiation (additional
respectively), of which (cid:1)926 million related
in connection with contract works
respectively)
recognized
revenues
included
in
F-94
consideration measured on the base of the stage of completion for a total amount of (cid:1)1,018 million as of December
31, 2012).
Net sales from operations by industry segment and geographic area of destination are disclosed in note 42 –
Information by industry segment and geographic financial information.
Net sales from operations with related parties are disclosed in note 43 – Transactions with related parties.
Other income and revenues
((cid:1) million)
2011
2012
2013
Gains from sale of assets .....................................................................
Lease and rental income ......................................................................
Compensation for damages .................................................................
Gains on price adjustments under
overlifting/underlifting transactions ...................................................
Contract penalties and other trade revenues .......................................
Other proceeds (*) ..................................................................................
________
(*)
Each individual amount included herein was lower than (cid:1)50 million.
97
96
66
99
21
547
926
701
95
56
67
69
560
1,548
370
88
65
44
35
785
1,387
Gains from sale of assets of (cid:1)370 million related for (cid:1)350 million to the Exploration & Production segment.
Other income and revenues with related parties are disclosed in note 43 – Transactions with related parties.
37 Operating expenses
Following is a summary of the main components of “Operating expenses”.
Purchase, services and other
((cid:1) million)
2011
2012
2013
Production costs - raw, ancillary
and consumable materials and goods .................................................
Production costs - services ..................................................................
Operating leases and other ..................................................................
Net provisions for contingencies ........................................................
Other expenses .....................................................................................
less:
- capitalized direct costs associated
60,826
13,551
3,045
527
1,140
79,089
74,643
15,142
3,440
856
1,358
95,439
67,004
17,711
3,678
850
1,147
90,390
with self-constructed assets - tangible assets ...................................
(226)
(326)
(311)
- capitalized direct costs associated
with self-constructed assets - intangible assets ................................
(68)
78,795
(79)
95,034
(76)
90,003
Services included brokerage fees related to the Engineering & Construction segment for (cid:1)5 million ((cid:1)12
million and (cid:1)6 million in 2011 and 2012, respectively).
F-95
Costs incurred in connection with research and development activity recognized in profit and loss, as they did
not meet the requirements to be recognized as long-lived assets, amounted to (cid:1)197 million ((cid:1)190 million and (cid:1)211
million in 2011 and 2012, respectively).
Operating leases and other comprised operating leases for (cid:1)1,592 million ((cid:1)1,295 million and (cid:1)1,432 million in
2011 and 2012, respectively) and royalties on the extraction of hydrocarbons for (cid:1)1,413 million ((cid:1)1,295 million and
(cid:1)1,555 million in 2011 and 2012, respectively).
Other expenses of (cid:1)1,147 million included losses on disposal of tangible and intangible assets for (cid:1)182 million,
of which (cid:1)108 million related to the Engineering & Construction segment and (cid:1)66 million to the Exploration
& Production segment.
Future minimum lease payments expected to be paid under non-cancelable operating leases are provided
below:
((cid:1) million)
To be paid within 1 year ......................................................................
Between 2 and 5 years .........................................................................
Beyond 5 years .....................................................................................
2011
2012
2013
838
1,380
254
2,472
722
1,289
560
2,571
706
1,212
349
2,267
Operating leases primarily regarded drilling rigs, time charter and long-term rentals of vessels, land, service
stations and office buildings. Such leases generally did not include renewal options. There are no significant
restrictions provided by these operating leases which may limit the ability of Eni to pay dividends, use assets or take
on new borrowings.
Risk provisions net of reversal of unused provisions amounted to (cid:1)850 million ((cid:1)527 million and (cid:1)856 million
in 2011 and 2012, respectively) and mainly related to provisions for legal and other proceedings amounting to (cid:1)222
million (net provisions of (cid:1)166 million and (cid:1)688 million in 2011 and 2012, respectively) and to environmental
liabilities amounting to (cid:1)127 million (net provisions of (cid:1)174 million and (cid:1)67 million in 2011 and 2012,
respectively). More information is provided in note 28 – Provisions for contingencies.
Payroll and related costs
((cid:1) million)
Wages and salaries ...............................................................................
Social security contributions ...............................................................
Cost related to defined benefits plans .................................................
Other costs ............................................................................................
less:
- capitalized direct costs associated
2011
2012
2013
3,435
675
148
334
4,592
3,904
679
110
184
4,877
4,395
657
92
411
5,555
with self-constructed assets - tangible assets ...................................
(144)
(182)
(194)
- capitalized direct costs associated
with self-constructed assets - intangible assets ................................
(44)
4,404
(55)
4,640
(60)
5,301
Other costs of (cid:1)411 million ((cid:1)334 million and (cid:1)184 million in 2011 and 2012, respectively) comprised
provisions for redundancy incentives of (cid:1)279 million ((cid:1)203 million and (cid:1)64 million in 2011 and 2012, respectively)
and costs for defined contribution plans of (cid:1)109 million ((cid:1)94 million and (cid:1)100 million in 2011 and 2012,
respectively).
Cost related to employee benefit plans are described in note 29 – Provisions for employee benefits.
F-96
Average number of employees
The Group average number and breakdown of employees by category is reported below:
(number)
2011
2012
2013
Senior managers ........................................
Junior managers ........................................
Employees .................................................
Workers .....................................................
Subsidiaries
Joint operations
Subsidiaries
Joint operations
1,461
12,796
35,309
23,605
73,171
1,463
12,936
37,135
23,427
74,961
37
143
824
805
1,809
1,466
13,368
39,067
25,882
79,783
38
156
860
809
1,863
The average number of employees was calculated as the average between the number of employees at the
beginning and end of the period. The average number of senior managers included managers employed and
operating in foreign Countries, whose position is comparable to a senior manager status.
Stock-based compensation
As of December 31, 2013, the stock option plan incentive scheme outstanding is represented by the 2006-2008
assignment, approved by the Eni Shareholders’ Meeting on May 25, 2006. Afterwards, Eni terminated any
stock-based incentive schemes.
The stock options plan outstanding, entitled for no consideration to Eni’s Group companies top managers and
managers with strategic responsibilities (excluding Group listed subsidiaries), grants to purchase treasury shares
with a 1 to 1 ratio. The strike price was determined as arithmetic average of official prices registered on the Mercato
Telematico Azionario in the month preceding the grant date or the average carrying amount of treasury shares as of
the day preceding the grant, if greater.
At December 31, 2013, 2,980,725 options, related to the 2008 plan, were outstanding for the purchase of
2,980,725 Eni ordinary shares (no par value) with a weighted-average strike price of (cid:1)22.54.
At December 31, 2013, the residual life of the 2008 plan was 7 months.
The scheme evolution is provided below:
2011
Average
strike
price ((cid:1))
Number
of shares
Market
price (a) ((cid:1))
Number
of shares
2012
Average
strike
price ((cid:1))
Market
price (a) ((cid:1))
Number
of shares
2013
Average
strike
price ((cid:1))
Market
price (a) ((cid:1))
15,737,120
23.005
16.398 11,873,205
23.101
15.941
8,259,520
23.545
18.457
(208,900)
14.333
16.623
(93,000)
16.576
16.873
(3,655,015)
23.187
17.474
(3,520,685)
22.233
16.637
(5,278,795)
24.112
16.278
11,873,205
23.101
15.941
8,259,520
23.545
18.457
2,980,725
22.540
17.533
11,863,335
23.101
15.941
8,243,205
23.544
18.457
2,969,450
22.540
17.533
Rights outstanding
as of January 1 ...........
Rights exercised
in the period .................
Rights cancelled
in the period .................
Rights outstanding
as of December 31 ......
of which exercisable
as of December 31 ......
_______
(a)
Market price relating to new rights granted, rights exercised in the period and rights cancelled in the period corresponds to the average market value
(arithmetic average of official prices recorded on Mercato Telematico Azionario in the month preceding: (i) the date of the Board of Directors resolution
regarding the stock option assignment; (ii) the date on which the emission/transfer of the shares granted were recorded in the grantee’s securities account; and
(iii) the date of the unilateral termination of employment for rights cancelled), weighted with the number of shares. Market price of stock at the beginning and
end of the year is the price recorded at December 31.
F-97
The average fair value weighted with the number of options granted during the year 2008 was (cid:1)2.60 per share.
The fair value was determined by applying the following assumptions:
Risk-free interest rate ..........................................................................................................................................................
Expected life ........................................................................................................................................................................
Expected volatility ...............................................................................................................................................................
Expected dividends ..............................................................................................................................................................
(%)
(years)
(%)
(%)
2008
4.9
6
19.2
6.1
Costs of the year related to stock option plans amounted to (cid:1)3 million in 2011, no costs in 2012 and 2013.
Compensation of key management personnel
Compensation of personnel holding key positions in planning, directing and controlling the Eni Group
subsidiaries, including executive and non-executive officers, general managers and managers with strategic
responsibilities in office at end of each year amounted (including contributions and ancillary costs) to (cid:1)34 million,
(cid:1)33 million and (cid:1)38 million for 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively, and consisted of the following:
((cid:1) million)
2011
2012
2013
Wages and salaries ...............................................................................
Post-employment benefits ...................................................................
Other long-term benefits ......................................................................
Indemnities upon termination of employment ...................................
21
1
10
2
34
21
1
11
33
25
2
11
38
The increase from the previous periods primarily related to a different composition of the key management
personnel.
Compensation of Directors and Statutory Auditors
Compensation of Directors amounted to (cid:1)8.4 million, (cid:1)13.2 million and (cid:1)11.4 million for 2011, 2012 and 2013,
respectively. Compensation of Statutory Auditors amounted to (cid:1)0.513 million, (cid:1)0.467 million and (cid:1)0.474 million in
2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively.
Compensations included emoluments and social security benefits due for the office as Director or Statutory
Auditor held at the parent company Eni SpA or other Group subsidiaries, which was recognized as cost to the
Group, even if not subjected to personal income tax.
Other operating income (loss)
The analysis of net income (loss) on financial derivatives was as follows:
((cid:1) million)
Net income (loss) on cash flow hedging derivatives .........................
Net income (loss) on other derivatives ...............................................
2011
2012
2013
(17)
188
171
(1)
(157)
(158)
25
(96)
(71)
Net losses on cash flow hedging derivatives related to the ineffective portion of the hedging relationship of
commodity derivatives which was recognized through profit and loss in the Gas & Power segment.
Net income (loss) on other derivatives related to: (i) gains and losses on fair value measurement and settlement
of commodity derivatives entered into by the Gas & Power segment to optimize commercial margins and for
proprietary trading (net loss of (cid:1)8 million); (ii) gains and losses on fair value measurement and settlement of
commodity derivatives which could not be elected for hedge accounting under IFRS because they related to net
exposure to commodity risk (net loss of (cid:1)91 million); and (iii) fair value evaluation at certain derivatives
F-98
embedded in the pricing formulas of long-term gas supply contracts in the Exploration & Production segment (net
gain of (cid:1)3 million).
Operating costs are disclosed in note 43 – Transactions with related parties.
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairments
((cid:1) million)
2011
2012
2013
Depreciation, depletion and amortization:
- tangible assets ....................................................................................
- intangible assets .................................................................................
Impairments:
- tangible assets ....................................................................................
- intangible assets .................................................................................
less:
- reversal of impairments - tangible assets .........................................
- capitalized direct costs associated
with self-constructed assets - tangible assets ...................................
- capitalized direct costs associated
with self-constructed assets - intangible assets ................................
6,178
1,582
7,760
891
154
1,045
(15)
(3)
7,443
2,207
9,650
1,600
2,375
3,975
(3)
(1)
7,454
1,976
9,430
2,116
507
2,623
(223)
(3)
(2)
8,785
(4)
13,617
(6)
11,821
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairments by industry segment are disclosed in note 42 –
Information by industry segment and geographic information.
38 Finance income (expense)
((cid:1) million)
2011
2012
2013
Finance income (expense)
Finance income ....................................................................................
Finance expense ...................................................................................
Net finance income on financial assets held for trading ....................
Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments .................................
6,376
(7,410)
(1,034)
(112)
(1,146)
7,208
(8,327)
(1,119)
(252)
(1,371)
5,732
(6,653)
4
(917)
(92)
(1,009)
F-99
The breakdown by lenders or type of net finance gains or losses is provided below:
((cid:1) million)
2011
2012
2013
Finance income (expense) related to net borrowings
Interest and other finance expense on ordinary bonds ......................
Interest due to banks and other financial institutions ........................
Interest and other income on financing receivables
and securities held for non-operating purposes ..................................
Interest from banks ..............................................................................
Net finance income on financial assets held for trading ....................
Exchange differences
Positive exchange differences .............................................................
Negative exchange differences ...........................................................
Other finance income (expense)
Capitalized finance expense ................................................................
Interest and other income on financing receivables
and securities held for operating purposes .........................................
Finance expense due to passage of time
(accretion discount) (a) ..........................................................................
Other finance income (expense) .........................................................
(610)
(312)
19
22
(729)
(257)
24
28
(881)
(934)
6,191
(6,302)
(111)
112
75
(235)
6
(42)
(1,034)
7,015
(6,884)
131
150
54
(308)
(212)
(316)
(1,119)
(742)
(181)
49
43
4
(827)
5,485
(5,448)
37
170
61
(240)
(118)
(127)
(917)
_______
(a)
The item related to the increase in provisions for contingencies that are shown at present value in non-current liabilities.
Derivative financial instruments consisted of the following:
((cid:1) million)
Derivatives on interest rate ..................................................................
Options ..................................................................................................
Derivatives on exchange rate ..............................................................
2011
2012
2013
(141)
29
(112)
(88)
(26)
(138)
(252)
40
(41)
(91)
(92)
Net loss from derivatives of (cid:1)92 million (a net loss of (cid:1)112 million and (cid:1)252 million in 2011 and 2012,
respectively) were recognized in connection with fair value valuation of certain derivatives which lacked the formal
criteria to be treated in accordance with hedge accounting under IFRS as they were entered into for amounts equal to
the net exposure to exchange rate risk and interest rate risk, and as such, they cannot be referred to specific trade or
financing transactions. Exchange rate derivatives were entered into in order to manage exposures to foreign currency
exchange rates arising from the pricing formulas of commodities in the Gas & Power segment. The lack of formal
requirements to qualify these derivatives as hedges under IFRS also entailed the recognition in profit or loss of
currency translation differences on assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than functional currency, as
this effect cannot be offset by changes in the fair value of the related instruments. Loss on options of (cid:1)41 million
related to the measurement at fair value of the options embedded in the bonds convertible into ordinary shares of
Galp Energia SGPS SA (income for (cid:1)14 million) and Snam SpA (loss for (cid:1)55 million). More information is
provided in note 27 – Long-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt.
More information is provided in note 43 – Transactions with related parties.
F-100
39 Income (expense) from investments
Share of profit (loss) of equity-accounted investments
((cid:1) million)
Share of profit of equity-accounted investments ...............................
Share of loss of equity-accounted investments ..................................
Decreases (increases) in the provision for losses on investments .....
2011
2012
2013
634
(106)
(28)
500
451
(250)
(15)
186
313
(105)
14
222
More information is provided in note 18 – Equity-accounted investments.
Share of profit (loss) of equity accounted investments by industry segment is disclosed in note 42 – Information
by industry segment and geographic information.
Other gain (loss) from investments
((cid:1) million)
Net gains on disposals .........................................................................
Dividends ..............................................................................................
Other net income (expense) .................................................................
2011
2012
2013
1,121
659
(157)
1,623
349
431
1,823
2,603
3,598
400
1,865
5,863
Net gains on disposals for 2013 amounted to (cid:1)3,598 million and related: (i) for (cid:1)3,359 million to the sale of a
28.57% interest in the share capital of Eni East Africa SpA to China National Petroleum Corp (CNPC). Eni East
Africa is the operator of the discovery Area 4 in Mozambique. Through its equity investment in Eni East Africa,
CNPC indirectly acquired a 20% interest in Area 4, while Eni retained the 50% interest through the remaining
controlling stake in Eni East Africa SpA; (ii) for (cid:1)98 million to the sale of a 8.19% of the share capital of Galp
Energia SGPS SA, of which (cid:1)67 million related to the reversal of the reserve for fair value evaluation; (iii) for (cid:1)75
million to the sale of a 11.69% of the share capital of Snam SpA, of which (cid:1)8 million related to the reversal of the
reserve for fair value evaluation; and (iv) for (cid:1)63 million to the sale of a 49% (entire stake own) of the share capital
of Super Octanos CA. Net gains on disposals for 2012 amounted to (cid:1)349 million and related for (cid:1)311 million to
Galp Energia SGPS SA as Eni divested 5% of the share capital of the investee to Amorim Energia BV and a further
4% through an accelerated book-building procedure to institutional investors. Net gains on disposals for 2011
amounted to (cid:1)1,121 million and pertained to the divestment of the 100% interest in Eni Gas Transport International
SA ((cid:1)647 million), the 89% interest (entire stake own) in Trans Austria Gasleitung GmbH ((cid:1)338 million), the 100%
interest in Gas Brasiliano Distribuidora SA ((cid:1)50 million) and the 46% interest (entire stake own) in Transitgas AG
((cid:1)34 million).
In 2013, dividend income for (cid:1)400 million primarily related to the Nigeria LNG Ltd ((cid:1)224 million), Snam SpA
((cid:1)72 million) and Galp Energia SGPS SA ((cid:1)43 million). In 2012, dividend income for (cid:1)431 million primarily
related to the Nigeria LNG Ltd ((cid:1)331 million). In 2011, dividend income for (cid:1)659 million related to the Nigeria
LNG Ltd ((cid:1)483 million), Trans Austria Gasleitung GmbH ((cid:1)82 million) and Saudi European Petrochemical Co
“IBN ZAHR” ((cid:1)67 million).
In 2013, other net income of (cid:1)1,865 million included: (i) the revaluation of the 60% stake in Artic Russia BV
(entire stake owned). At the balance sheet date, Eni’s interest in Artic Russia was classified as an asset held for sale
and measured at fair value due to the loss of joint control over the investee following the satisfaction, before year
end, of all conditions precedent to the Sale and Purchase Agreement signed with Gazprom in November 2013.
The re-measurement at fair value recorded to profit amounted to (cid:1)1,682 million. The consideration for the disposal
was cashed in on January 15, 2014; (ii) the re-measurement at market fair value at the balance sheet date of
(cid:1)288.7 million shares of Snam SpA and of (cid:1)66.3 million of Galp Energia SGPS SA underlying two
convertible bonds issued on January 18, 2013 and on November 30, 2012, respectively, for which was applied the
fair value option (income for (cid:1)158 million and (cid:1)10 million, respectively); and (iii) the revaluation of
Ceská Rafinérská AS ((cid:1)21 million). In 2012, other net income of (cid:1)1,823 million included: (i) an extraordinary
income of (cid:1)835 million recognized in connection with a capital increase made by Galp’s subsidiary Petrogal
F-101
whereby a new shareholder subscribed its share by contributing a cash amount fairly in excess of the net book value
of the interest acquired; (ii) a revaluation gain of (cid:1)865 million of the interest in Galp Energia SGPS SA (28.34%)
measured at fair value at the price current at the date when Eni ceased to retain a significant influence over the
investee and a gain on the re-measurement at market fair value at the balance sheet date of (cid:1)65 million of part of
residual interest in Galp Energia SGPS SA (8%) which was underlying a convertible bond based on the fair value
option provided by IAS 39; and (iii) the re-measurement at market fair value at the balance sheet date of 288.7
million shares of Snam SpA underlying a convertible bond issued on January 18, 2013 for which was applied the
fair value option (income for (cid:1)6 million). In 2011, other net expense of (cid:1)157 million included the full write down of
the book value of the Ceská Rafinérská AS due to management’s expectations of incurring future losses driven by a
negative outlook in the refining segment ((cid:1)157 million).
40 Income taxes
((cid:1) million)
2011
2012
2013
Current taxes:
- Italian subsidiaries .............................................................................
- foreign subsidiaries of the Exploration & Production segment ......
- foreign subsidiaries ............................................................................
Net deferred taxes:
- Italian subsidiaries .............................................................................
- foreign subsidiaries of the Exploration & Production segment ......
- foreign subsidiaries ............................................................................
620
8,286
635
9,541
(418)
936
(156)
362
9,903
751
10,214
464
11,429
373
129
(252)
250
11,679
806
7,602
312
8,720
(198)
756
(273)
285
9,005
Income taxes currently payable by Italian subsidiaries amounted to (cid:1)806 million and were in respect of the
Italian corporate taxation (Ires for (cid:1)257 million and Irap for (cid:1)73 million) and foreign taxes on the share of profit
earned outside Italy for (cid:1)476 million.
The effective tax rate was 64.5% (55.7% and 70.2% in 2011 and 2012, respectively) compared with a statutory
tax rate of 43.2% (43.1% and 44.0% in 2011 and 2012, respectively). This was calculated by applying the Italian
statutory tax rate on corporate profit of 38.0%21 and a 3.9% corporate tax rate applicable to the net value of
production as provided for by Italian laws.
The difference between the statutory and effective tax rate was due to the following factors:
(%)
2011
2012
2013
Statutory tax rate ...............................................................................
Items increasing (decreasing) statutory tax rate:
- higher foreign subsidiaries tax rate ..................................................
- impact pursuant to the write down of deferred tax
assets and recalculation of tax rates .................................................
- impact pursuant to the Italian Windfall Corporate
tax as per Law No. 7/2009 ................................................................
- permanent differences and other adjustments ..................................
43.1
12.7
1.0
(1.1)
12.6
55.7
44.0
16.8
7.6
1.5
0.3
26.2
70.2
43.2
16.0
8.9
1.3
(4.9)
21.3
64.5
(21)
Includes a 5.5% supplemental tax rate on taxable profit of energy companies in Italy (whose primary activity is the production and marketing of hydrocarbons
and electricity and with annual revenues in excess of (cid:1)25 million) effective from January 1, 2008 and further increases of 1% effective from January 1, 2009,
pursuant to the Law Decree No. 112/2008 (converted into Law No. 133/2008) and 4% effective from January 1, 2011, pursuant the Law Decree No. 138/2011
(converted into Law No. 148/2011) which enlarged the scope of application to include renewable energy companies and gas transport and distribution
companies.
F-102
In 2013, the increased tax rate at foreign subsidiaries primarily related to 14.9 percentage points in the
Exploration & Production segment (17.2 and 17.8 percentage points in 2011 and 2012, respectively).
A write down of deferred tax assets impacted the Group tax rate by 8.9 percentage points and was recorded by
the parent company Eni SpA and other Italian subsidiaries which were part of the consolidated accounts for Italian
tax purposes. Such write down reflected a lower likelihood that those deferred tax assets can be recovered in future
periods due to an expected reduction in taxable income generated in Italy.
In 2013, the decrease due to permanent differences and other adjustments of 4.9 percentage points comprised
an effect of 6.6 percentage points due to non-taxable gains on sale relating to the transactions of the 28.57% at Eni
East Africa SpA and an effect of 0.9 percentage points due to non-taxable gains on sale and revaluation relating to
the transactions at Galp Energia SGPS SA and Snam SpA. Such decrease was partially offset by an effect of 1.0
percentage points due to a non-deductible impairment of the goodwill allocated to the European gas market CGU
and an effect of 0.8 percentage points due to the tax regime provided for intercompany dividends. In 2012, the
increase due to permanent differences and other adjustments of 0.3 percentage points comprised an effect of 3.3
percentage points due to a non-deductible impairment of the goodwill allocated to the European gas market CGU
and a negative effect of 4.5 percentage points due to non-taxable gains on the sale and revaluation relating to the
transactions at Galp Energia SGPS SA. In 2011, the decrease due to permanent differences and other adjustments of
1.1 percentage points were due to a non-deductible provision accrued to reflect the expected loss deriving from an
antitrust proceeding in the European sector of rubbers (0.2 percentage points).
41 Earnings per share
Basic earnings per ordinary share are calculated by dividing net profit for the period attributable to Eni’s
shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares issued and outstanding during the period, excluding
treasury shares.
The average number of ordinary shares used for the calculation of the basic earnings per share outstanding at
December 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, was 3,622,616,182, 3,622,764,007 and 3,622,797,043, respectively.
Diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing net profit for the period attributable to Eni’s shareholders
by the weighted average number of shares fully-diluted including shares outstanding in the year including the
number of potential shares outstanding in connection with stock-based compensation plans.
As of December 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, there were no shares that could be potentially issued and, therefore,
the weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of the basic earnings coincides to the
weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of diluted earnings.
2011
2012
2013
3,622,616,182 3,622,764,007 3,622,797,043
5,160
1.42
5,160
1.42
6,860
1.89
6,902
1.90
(42)
(0.01)
7,790
2.15
4,200
1.16
3,590
0.99
Average number of shares used for the calculation
of the basic and diluted earnings per share ...................................
((cid:1) million)
Eni’s net profit ............................................................
((cid:1) per share)
Basic and diluted earning per share ............................
((cid:1) million)
Eni’s net profit - Continuing operations ................
((cid:1) per share)
Basic and diluted earning per share ............................
((cid:1) million)
Eni’s net profit - Discontinued operations .............
((cid:1) per share)
Basic and diluted earning per share ............................
F-103
42 Information by industry segment and geographic financial information
Information by industry segment
((cid:1) million)
Exploration
&
Production
Gas &
Power (d)
Refining &
Marketing
Versalis
Engineering
&
Construction
Corporate
and financial
companies
Snam
Others
Intragroup
profits
Total
Snam
Intragroup
eliminations
Continuing
operations
Other activities (d)
Discontinued
operations (d)
567
119
192
6,440
9,435
1,990
8,428
2011
Net sales from operations (a) ........... 29,121 33,093
Less: intersegment sales ................. (18,444)
(1,344)
Net sales to customers .................... 10,677 31,749
(326)
Operating profit .............................. 15,887
113
53
Provisions for contingencies ..........
Depreciation, amortization
and impairments ..............................
Share of profit (loss)
of equity-accounted investments ...
232
Identifiable assets (b) ....................... 56,139 18,708
Unallocated assets ..........................
Equity-accounted investments .......
2,317
Identifiable liabilities (c) .................. 13,844
Unallocated liabilities .....................
Capital expenditures .......................
2012
Net sales from operations (a) ........... 35,874 36,198
Less: intersegment sales ................. (20,322)
(2,038)
Net sales to customers .................... 15,552 34,160
(3,125)
Operating profit .............................. 18,470
Provisions for contingencies ..........
457
40
Depreciation, amortization
and impairments ..............................
Share of profit (loss)
of equity-accounted investments ...
81
Identifiable assets (b) ........................ 59,225 20,696
Unallocated assets ..........................
Equity-accounted investments .......
951
Identifiable liabilities (c) .................. 16,147 10,802
Unallocated liabilities .....................
Capital expenditures ....................... 10,307
2013
Net sales from operations (a) ........... 31,264 32,212
Less: intersegment sales ................. (18,218)
(1,225)
Net sales to customers .................... 13,046 30,987
(2,967)
Operating profit .............................. 14,868
Provisions for contingencies ..........
314
61
Depreciation, amortization
and impairments ..............................
Share of profit (loss)
of equity-accounted investments ...
71
Identifiable assets (b) ....................... 59,784 18,205
Unallocated assets ..........................
Equity-accounted investments .......
999
Identifiable liabilities (c) .................. 15,608 10,182
Unallocated liabilities .....................
Capital expenditures ....................... 10,475
1,730
7,829
2,098
2,923
2,159
8,532
213
229
129
39
51,219
(2,791)
48,428
(273)
57
6,491
(289)
6,202
(424)
11
11,834
(1,324)
10,510
1,422
79
1,365
(1,249)
116
(319)
13
3,591
(1,692)
1,899
2,084
24
85
(23)
62
(427)
201
(54)
(54) 109,589
(189) 17,435
551
(1,899)
(2,084)
(24)
1,452
107,690
16,803
527
8,785
500
839
250
631
75
533
6
(23)
9,318
(533)
100
15,031
3,066
95
13,521
(1)
810
44
17,649
(45)
378
890
5,972
38
761
179
5,437
7
1,095
385
2,465
37
3,020
866
216
1,090
128
1,529
10
62,531
(2,962)
59,569
(1,264)
93
6,418
(411)
6,007
(681)
22
12,799
(1,109)
11,690
1,453
36
1,369
(1,242)
127
(341)
140
2,646
(1,274)
1,372
1,679
72
119
(40)
79
(300)
68
(44)
544
(1,060) 124,242
18,703
5,843
(54) 40,968
41,584
(28) 13,438
(75)
(75) 128,481
16,099
208
928
(1,372)
(1,679)
(72)
788
127,109
15,208
856
1,209
202
708
65
284
3
(25) 13,901
(284)
13,617
20
15,266
2
3,151
46
14,402
(1)
966
38
72
6,361
50
750
179
5,229
6
1,187
(1)
474
36
2,954
898
172
1,011
152
756
14
224
(776) 113,404
26,788
3,453
43,451
34,324
13,561
38
21
57,238
(2,897)
54,341
(1,492)
100
5,859
(289)
5,570
(725)
65
11,598
(1,018)
10,580
(98)
76
1,453
(1,339)
114
(399)
178
80
(39)
41
(337)
77
18
18 114,697
8,888
38
850
(21)
978
139
721
61
20
(25) 11,821
5
15,013
3,169
2
14,208
7
968
74
6,079
148
844
166
5,517
1,606
672
314
902
190
8
255
36
2,740
21
222
(793) 110,809
27,532
3,153
(86) 42,490
34,802
(3) 12,800
(38)
186
114,697
8,888
850
11,821
222
_______
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Before elimination of intersegment sales.
Includes assets directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
Includes liabilities directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
The results of Snam has been reclassified from the “Gas & Power” segment to the “Other activities” segment and presented in the discontinued operations.
The new provisions of IAS 19, IFRS 10 and IFRS 11 were applied retrospectively by adjusting the opening
balance sheet as of January 1, 2012 and the 2012 profit and loss account.
Environmental provisions incurred by Eni SpA due to intercompany guarantees on behalf of Syndial have been
reported within the segment reporting unit “Other activities”.
Intersegment revenues are conducted on an arm’s length basis.
F-104
Geographic financial information
Identifiable assets and investments by geographic area of origin
((cid:1) million)
2011
Identifiable assets (a) ...............
Capital expenditures ..............
2012
Identifiable assets (a) ...............
Capital expenditures ..............
2013
Identifiable assets (a) ...............
Capital expenditures ..............
_______
Other
European
Union
Rest
of Europe
Italy
Americas
Asia
Africa
Other
areas
Total
47,908
3,587
16,450
1,343
6,509
1,168
7,465
978
14,077
1,608
29,942
4,369
1,891 124,242
13,438
385
31,424
2,926
15,288
1,263
11,084
1,626
7,207
1,184
14,828
1,663
31,699
4,725
1,874 113,404
13,561
174
28,619
2,044
14,513
1,089
7,992
1,553
8,683
1,506
17,921
1,799
31,300
4,556
1,781 110,809
12,800
253
(a)
Includes assets directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
Sales from operations by geographic area of destination
((cid:1) million)
2011
2012
2013
Italy .......................................................................................................
Other European Union .........................................................................
Rest of Europe ......................................................................................
Americas ...............................................................................................
Asia .......................................................................................................
Africa ....................................................................................................
Other areas ............................................................................................
31,906
35,920
7,153
9,612
10,258
11,333
1,508
107,690
33,860
35,909
9,645
15,244
16,394
14,710
1,347
127,109
31,949
31,629
11,462
7,752
18,608
12,073
1,224
114,697
Following the accession of the Croatia to the European Union, the relevant geographic information related to
prior periods has been restated accordingly.
43 Transactions with related parties
In the ordinary course of its business Eni enters into transactions regarding:
(a) exchanges of goods, provision of services and financing with
joint ventures, associates and
non-consolidated subsidiaries;
(b) exchanges of goods and provision of services with entities controlled by the Italian Government; and
(c) contributions to entities with a non-company form with the aim to develop solidarity, culture and research
initiatives. In particular these related to: (i) Eni Foundation established by Eni as a non-profit entity with
the aim of pursuing exclusively solidarity initiatives in the fields of social assistance, health, education,
culture and environment as well as research and development; and (ii) Eni Enrico Mattei Foundation
established by Eni with the aim of enhancing, through studies, research and training initiatives, knowledge
in the fields of economics, energy and environment, both at the national and international level.
Transactions with related parties were conducted in the interest of Eni companies and, with exception of those
with entities with the aim to develop solidarity, culture and research initiatives, on arm’s length basis.
F-105
Trade and other transactions with related parties
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2011
2011
Name
Receivables
and other
assets
Payables
and other
liabilities
Guarantees Goods
Services
Other
Goods
Services
Other
Other
operating
(expense)
income
Costs
Revenues
Continuing operations
Joint arrangements and associates
ACAM Clienti SpA ........................
Agiba Petroleum Co .......................
Azienda Energia
e Servizi Torino SpA ......................
Bayernoil
Raffineriegesellschaft mbH ...........
Blue Stream Pipeline Co BV .........
Bronberger & Kessler und Gilg
& Schweiger GmbH & Co KG ......
CEPAV (Consorzio Eni
per l’Alta Velocità) Due .................
CEPAV (Consorzio Eni
per l’Alta Velocità) Uno .................
GasVersorgung
Süddeutschland GmbH ...................
Gaz de Bordeaux SAS ....................
Karachaganak Petroleum
Operating BV ..................................
KWANDA - Suporte
Logistico Lda ..................................
Mellitah Oil & Gas BV ..................
Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co ....
Petromar Lda ...................................
Raffineria di Milazzo ScpA ...........
Saipon Snc .......................................
Super Octanos CA ..........................
Supermetanol CA ...........................
Trans Austria Gasleitung GmbH ...
Unión Fenosa Gas SA ....................
Other (*) ............................................
Unconsolidated
subsidiaries
Agip Kazakhstan North
Caspian Operating Co NV .............
Eni BTC Ltd ....................................
Other (*) ............................................
Entities controlled
by the Government
Enel Group ......................................
Finmeccanica Group .......................
GSE - Gestore Servizi Energetici ..
Terna Group ....................................
Other (*) ............................................
Discontinued operations
Joint arrangements and associates
Azienda Energia
e Servizi Torino SpA ......................
Other (*) ............................................
Entities controlled
by the Government
Enel Group ......................................
Finmeccanica Group .......................
Other (*) ............................................
_______
14
3
1
8
16
24
42
29
11
38
54
28
25
74
29
21
6
181
604
202
806
48
149
19
61
360
1,166
5
63
33
12
91
10
205
2
141
46
6
31
35
10
100
790
149
53
306
1,096
83
51
158
52
41
350
1,446
2
1
25
6,074
57
48
58
3
6,243
238
68
163
6,406
48
6,406
1,108
58
72
33
37
1,333
157
6
11
1,344
14
615
119
1
754
2,098
1,166
1,446
6,406
2,098
(*)
Each individual amount included herein was lower than (cid:1)50 million.
6
86
43
59
146
84
4
256
2
71
576
7
322
160
310
2,132
11
832
2,964
5
53
110
77
669
3,633
1
1
1
1
2
3,635
60
2
147
201
69
8
232
3
130
131
983
7
3
11
994
1
22
607
56
49
767
1,761
1,761
2
38
21
5
13
3
69
68
16
5
7
54
89
390
11
1,193
1,583
33
12
10
26
133
1,716
1
4
5
397
3
400
405
2,121
23
70
93
781
51
10
103
429
54
23
1
79
182
1
4
5
5
187
1
1
1
1
7
11
1,182
11
15
26
85
11
4
15
41
1
1
1
1
2
43
7
8
32
32
32
32
F-106
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2012
2012
Costs
Revenues
Name
Receivables
and other
assets
Payables
and other
liabilities
Guarantees Goods
Services
Other
Goods
Services
Other
Other
operating
(expense)
income
2
65
1
Continuing operations
Joint arrangements and associates
ACAM Clienti SpA ........................
Agiba Petroleum Co .......................
Azienda Energia
e Servizi Torino SpA.......................
Bronberger & Kessler und Gilg
& Schweiger GmbH & Co KG ......
CEPAV (Consorzio Eni
per l’Alta Velocità) Due .................
CEPAV (Consorzio
Eni per l’Alta Velocità) Uno ..........
EnBW Eni
Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH .......
Gaz de Bordeaux SAS ....................
GreenStream BV .............................
InAgip doo ......................................
Karachaganak Petroleum
Operating BV ..................................
KWANDA
- Suporte Logistico Lda ..................
Mellitah Oil & Gas BV ..................
Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co ....
Raffineria di Milazzo ScpA ...........
Società EniPower Ferrara SpA ......
Toscana Energia SpA .....................
Unión Fenosa Gas SA ....................
Other (*) ............................................
Unconsolidated
subsidiaries
Agip Kazakhstan North Caspian
Operating Co NV ............................
Eni BTC Ltd ....................................
Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico
- ISAF - SpA (in liquidation)..........
Other (*) ............................................
Entities controlled
by the Government
Enel Group ......................................
Finmeccanica Group .......................
Snam Group ....................................
GSE - Gestore Servizi Energetici ..
Terna Group ....................................
Other (*) <...........................................
Pension funds and foundations....
Discontinued operations
Joint arrangements and associates
Azienda Energia
e Servizi Torino SpA ......................
Toscana Energia SpA .....................
Other (*) ............................................
Entities controlled
by the Government
Enel Group ......................................
Other (*) ............................................
_______
19
3
9
51
66
60
4
54
28
54
7
31
2
11
2
222
623
1
67
51
19
10
10
56
1
47
328
3
23
3
58
677
236
172
54
14
304
927
16
22
182
86
45
42
393
1,320
3
59
234
911
8
47
482
66
61
29
693
1
1,605
96
86
51
5
60
24
244
2
166
585
130
60
86
6,122
1,331
26
9
36
1,376
170
1,765
57
47
6,254
154
4
2
160
6,414
46
46
7
7
1,383
4
13
13
627
156
813
50
655
2,420
554
68
558
126
59
1,365
6,460
2,196
3,785
1,320
1,605
6,460
2,196
87
87
87
3,872
(*)
Each individual amount included herein was lower than (cid:1)50 million.
F-107
605
2
84
287
56
53
5
5
20
54
120
155
904
17
17
921
55
17
102
777
87
57
1,095
85
16
1
8
7
12
79
3
7
111
330
1,064
7
3
1,074
1,404
90
26
18
67
1
202
2,016
1,606
1
1
1
3
295
3
298
301
1,907
2,016
2
1
1
6
10
5
7
7
19
29
1
1
12
14
28
57
1
1
1
1
2
59
(7)
17
10
10
10
14
4
6
7
31
4
6
37
2
58
12
3
75
21
133
1
1
1
134
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2013
2013
Costs
Revenues
Name
Receivables
and other
assets
Payables
and other
liabilities
Guarantees Goods
Services
Other
Goods
Services
Other
Other
operating
(expense)
income
Joint arrangements and associates
Agiba Petroleum Co .......................
Bayernoil
Raffineriegesellschaft mbH ...........
CEPAV (Consorzio Eni
per l’Alta Velocità) Due .................
CEPAV (Consorzio Eni
per l’Alta Velocità) Uno .................
EnBW Eni
Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH .......
GreenStream BV .............................
InAgip doo ......................................
Karachaganak Petroleum
Operating BV ..................................
KWANDA
- Suporte Logistico Lda ..................
Mellitah Oil & Gas BV ..................
Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co ....
Petromar Lda ...................................
PetroSucre SA .................................
Unión Fenosa Gas
Comercializadora SA .....................
Unión Fenosa Gas SA ....................
Other (*) ............................................
Unconsolidated
subsidiaries
Agip Kazakhstan North Caspian
Operating Co NV ............................
Eni BTC Ltd ....................................
Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico
- ISAF - SpA (in liquidation) .........
Other (*) ............................................
Entities controlled
by the Government
Enel Group ......................................
Snam Group ....................................
Terna Group ....................................
GSE - Gestore Servizi Energetici ..
Other (*) ............................................
Pension funds and foundations ...
_______
1
78
42
33
1
57
26
55
7
32
71
57
69
27
165
16
5
22
220
5
61
360
7
27
6,122
1,218
16
29
132
61
127
2
53
63
275
2
215
570
6
23
2
122
607
1
1
150
1,109
57
18
6,226
52
1,313
1
200
1,707
168
44
1
34
19
6
3
47
69
1
2
80
474
165
254
17
150
586
4
1
1
32
7
45
1
9
10
115
153
506
16
541
4
62
14
191
798
134
337
43
86
47
647
1,445
1
56
210
1,319
29
564
58
135
70
856
2
2,177
147
10
2
159
6,385
13
13
6
6
1,319
2
38
124
811
7
982
6,398
2,301
45
551
2,258
848
2,038
149
107
3,142
4
5,404
4
20
65
4
13
96
4
117
51
233
13
13
599
78
792
118
265
48
1,301
2
8
551
1,025
109
87
38
21
4
259
1,900
1,284
5
9
19
2
1
2
9
14
33
49
19
68
68
(*)
Each individual amount included herein was lower than (cid:1)50 million.
Most significant transactions with joint arrangements, associates and unconsolidated subsidiaries concerned:
•
sale of gas outside Italy to EnBW Eni Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH and Unión Fenosa Gas
Comercializadora SA;
provisions of specialized services in upstream activities and Eni’s share of expenses incurred to develop
oil fields from Agiba Petroleum Co, Agip Kazakhstan North Caspian Operating Co NV, Karachaganak
Petroleum Operating BV, Mellitah Oil & Gas BV, Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co and, only with
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV, purchase of oil products and with Agip Kazakhstan North
Caspian Operating Co NV, provisions of services by the Engineering & Construction segment; services
charged to Eni’s associates are invoiced on the basis of incurred costs;
payments for refining services to Bayernoil Raffineriegesellschaft mbH on the basis of incurred costs;
acquisition of natural gas transport services outside Italy from GreenStream BV;
transactions related to the planning and the construction of the tracks for high speed/high capacity trains
from Milan to Bologna with CEPAV (Consorzio Eni per l’Alta Velocità) Uno and related guarantees;
transactions related to the planning and the construction of the tracks for high speed/high capacity trains
from Milan to Verona with CEPAV (Consorzio Eni per l’Alta Velocità) Due;
transactions with inAgip doo related to the redetermination of the interest in an offshore field located in
the Adriatic Sea;
planning, construction and technical assistance to support by KWANDA - Suporte Logistico Lda and
Petromar Lda;
guarantees issued on behalf of Petromar Lda and Saipon Snc in relation to contractual commitments
related to the execution of project planning and realization;
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
F-108
• mainly dividends receivables to be cashed in from PetroSucre SA;
•
performance guarantees given on behalf of Unión Fenosa Gas SA in relation to contractual commitments
related to the results of operations and sales of LNG;
guarantees issued in relation to the construction of an oil pipeline on behalf of Eni BTC Ltd; and
services for the environmental restoration to Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico - ISAF - SpA (in
liquidation).
•
•
The most significant transactions with entities controlled by the Italian Government concerned:
•
sale of fuel oil, sale and purchase of electricity, acquisition of electricity transmission services and fair
value of derivative financial instruments with Enel Group;
acquisition of natural gas transportation, distribution and storage services from Snam Group on the basis
of tariffs set by the Authority for Electricity and Gas;
supply of natural gas to Snam Group on the basis of prices referred to the quotations of the main energy
commodities, as they would be conducted on an arm’s length basis;
sale and purchase of electricity, the acquisition of domestic electricity transmission service and the fair
value of derivative financial instruments included in the prices of electricity related to sale/purchase
transactions with Terna Group; and
sale and purchase of electricity and green certificates with GSE - Gestore Servizi Energetici.
•
•
•
•
Transactions with pension funds and foundation concerned:
provisions to pension funds for (cid:1)41 million; and
•
contributions to Eni Foundation for (cid:1)10 million and to Eni Enrico Mattei Foundation for (cid:1)4 million.
•
Financing transactions with related parties
((cid:1) million)
Name
Dec. 31, 2011
2011
Receivables
Payables
Guarantees
Charges
Gains
Income
from equity
instruments
Joint arrangements and associates
Artic Russia BV ............................................
Bayernoil Raffineriegesellschaft mbH ........
Blue Stream Pipeline Co BV ........................
CEPAV (Consorzio Eni
per l’Alta Velocità) Due ...............................
GreenStream BV ...........................................
Raffineria di Milazzo ScpA...........................
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA ..
Transmediterranean Pipeline Co Ltd ...........
Unión Fenosa Gas SA ...................................
Other (*) ..........................................................
Unconsolidated subsidiaries
Other (*) ..........................................................
Entities controlled by the Government
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti Group ...................
107
503
60
93
115
104
982
57
57
3
291
1
85
64
444
59
59
204
669
84
88
6
1,051
1
1
6
26
1
4
9
46
3
3
1
1
1,039
503
1,052
1
49
338
338
338
_______
(*)
Each individual amount included herein was lower than (cid:1)50 million.
F-109
((cid:1) million)
Name
Dec. 31, 2012
2012
Receivables
Payables
Guarantees
Charges
Gains
Income
from equity
instruments
Continuing operations
Joint arrangements and associates
Blue Stream Pipeline Co BV ........................
CARDÓN IV SA ..........................................
CEPAV (Consorzio Eni
per l’Alta Velocità) Due ...............................
GreenStream BV ...........................................
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA ...
Other (*) ..........................................................
Unconsolidated subsidiaries
Other (*) ..........................................................
Entities controlled by the Government
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti Group ...................
Snam Group ...................................................
Discontinued operations
Entities controlled by the Government
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti Group ...................
80
227
92
178
577
58
58
883
141
1,024
1,659
74
31
105
49
49
84
5
7
96
1
1
154
97
1
1
1
1
2
3
14
4
21
6
1
7
28
_______
(*)
Each individual amount included herein was lower than (cid:1)50 million.
1,659
154
97
2
28
((cid:1) million)
Name
Dec. 31, 2013
2013
Receivables
Payables
Guarantees
Charges
Gains
Joint arrangements and associates
Blue Stream Pipeline Co BV ........................
CARDÓN IV SA ..........................................
CEPAV (Consorzio Eni
per l’Alta Velocità) Due ...............................
GreenStream BV ...........................................
Matrica SpA ..................................................
Shatskormorneftegaz Sarl .............................
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA ...
Unión Fenosa Gas SA ...................................
Other (*) ...........................................................
Unconsolidated subsidiaries
Other (*) ..........................................................
Entities controlled by the Government ...
_______
236
204
100
51
74
77
742
59
59
801
70
1
120
15
206
57
57
1
264
1
13
71
85
150
5
15
170
1
1
171
85
10
13
4
10
37
1
1
3
41
(*)
Each individual amount included herein was lower than (cid:1)50 million.
2,019
2,019
2,019
Income
from equity
instruments
Most significant transactions with joint arrangements, associates and unconsolidated subsidiaries concerned:
•
a cash deposit at Eni’s financial companies on behalf of Blue Stream Pipeline Co BV and Unión Fenosa
Gas SA;
financing loans granted to CARDÓN IV SA for the exploration and development activities of a gas field
and to Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA for the construction of an electric plant in Congo;
•
F-110
•
•
•
•
a bank debt guarantee issued on behalf of CEPAV (Consorzio Eni per l’Alta Velocità) Due;
financing loans granted to GreenStream BV for the construction of natural gas transmission facilities and
transport services;
financing loans granted to Matrica SpA in relation to the “Green Chemistry” project at the Porto Torres
plant; and
financing loans granted to Shatskmorneftegaz Sarl in relation to exploration activities in the Black Sea.
Impact of transactions and positions with related parties on the balance sheet, profit and loss
account and statement of cash flows
The impact of transactions and positions with related parties on the balance sheet consisted of the following:
((cid:1) million)
Dec. 31, 2011
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2013
Total
Related
parties
Impact
(%)
Total
Related
parties
Impact
(%)
Total
Related
parties
Impact
(%)
Trade and other
receivables ....................
Other current assets .....
Other non-current
financial assets .............
Other non-current
assets .............................
Current financial
liabilities .......................
Trade and other
payables ........................
Other liabilities ............
Other non-current
liabilities .......................
24,595
2,326
1,496
2
6.08
0.09
28,618
1,617
2,594
8
9.06
0.49
28,890
1,325
1,869
15
6.47
1.13
1,578
704
44.61
913
3
0.07
4,398
503
11.28
2,032
334
43
154
1,446
6.31
23,666
1,418
1,583
6
2,598
16
4,225
4,459
22,912
2,237
2,900
36.58
858
320
37.30
0.98
7.58
6.69
0.42
0.62
3,676
2,553
23,701
1,437
2,259
42
1.14
264
10.34
2,160
17
9.11
1.18
The impact of transactions with related parties on the profit and loss accounts consisted of the following:
((cid:1) million)
2011
Related
parties
Total
Impact
(%)
Total
2012
Related
parties
Impact
(%)
Total
2013
Related
parties
Impact
(%)
Continuing operations
Net sales from
operations .....................
Other income
and revenues ................
Purchases, services
and other .......................
Payroll and related
costs ..............................
Other operating
income (expense) .........
Financial income .........
Financial expense ........
Other gain (loss)
from investments .........
Discontinued operations
Net sales from
operations .....................
Operating expenses ......
Income (expense)
from investments .........
107,690
3,477
3.23
127,109
3,622
2.85
114,697
3,184
926
41
78,795
5,880
4,404
171
6,376
7,410
33
32
49
1
4.43
7.46
0.75
18.71
0.77
0.01
1,548
57
3.68
1,387
33
95,034
6,093
6.41
90,003
7,897
4,640
(158)
7,208
8,327
21
10
28
2
0.45
..
0.39
0.02
41
68
41
85
5,301
(71)
5,732
6,653
5,863
1,623
338
20.83
2,603
1,906
1,274
48
407
7
21.35
0.55
1,886
995
303
88
16.07
8.84
3,508
2,019
57.55
2.78
2.38
8.77
0.77
..
0.72
1.28
Transactions with related parties were part of the ordinary course of Eni’s business and were mainly conducted
on an arm’s length basis.
F-111
Main cash flows with related parties are provided below:
((cid:1) million)
Revenues and other income .................................................................
Costs and other expenses .....................................................................
Other operating income (loss) .............................................................
Net change in trade and other receivables and liabilities ..................
Net interests ..........................................................................................
Net cash provided from operating activities
- continuing operations ......................................................................
Net cash provided from operating activities
- discontinued operations ..................................................................
Net cash provided from operating activities ..................................
Capital expenditures in tangible and intangible assets ......................
Disposal of investments .......................................................................
Net change in accounts payable and receivable
in relation to investments ....................................................................
Change in financial receivables ..........................................................
Net cash used in investing activities ................................................
Change in financial liabilities ..............................................................
Net cash used in financing activities ...............................................
Total financial flows to related parties ...........................................
2011
2012
2013
3,518
(4,497)
32
(140)
48
3,679
(4,864)
10
(183)
26
3,217
(6,731)
68
495
40
(1,039)
(1,332)
(2,911)
400
(639)
(1,416)
533
(21)
104
(800)
348
348
(1,091)
215
(1,117)
(1,250)
3,517
261
(1,043)
1,485
(93)
(93)
275
(2,911)
(1,207)
(13)
830
(390)
119
119
(3,182)
The impact of cash flows with related parties consisted of the following:
((cid:1) million)
2011
Related
parties
Total
Impact
(%)
Total
2012
Related
parties
Impact
(%)
Total
2013
Related
parties
Impact
(%)
Cash provided from
operating activities ......
Cash used
in investing activities ...
Cash used
in financing activities ..
14,382
(639)
..
12,567
(1,117)
(11,218)
(800)
7.13
(8,377)
1,485
(3,223)
348
..
2,071
(93)
..
..
..
11,026
(2,911)
..
(10,981)
(390)
3.55
(2,510)
119
..
F-112
44 Subsidiaries, joint arrangements and associates
The following section provides the information about Eni’s subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013. Unless
otherwise indicated, the share capital is represented by the ordinary shares directly held by the Group, while the
ownership interest corresponds to the voting rights.
Information on Eni’s subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013
Parent company
Company name
Registered office
Country of operation Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
%
Ownership
% Equity
ratio
(*)
Eni SpA (#)
Rome
Italy
EUR
4,005,358,876
Cassa Depositi e
Prestiti SpA
Ministero
dell’Economia e delle
Finanze
Eni SpA
Others
25.76
4.34
0.31
69.59
Subsidiaries
Exploration & Production
In Italy
Eni Angola SpA
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
Angola
EUR
20,200,000
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Eni Medio Oriente SpA San Donato Milanese
Italy
EUR
6,655,992
Eni SpA 100.00
(cid:1) Eq.
Italy
Italy
EUR
5,200,000
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
EUR
200,000
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Timor Est
EUR
6,841,517
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Angola
EUR
10,000,000
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Italy
Italy
EUR
120,000
EUR
200,120,000
Eni SpA
Minority interest
100.00 F.C.
99.99
(..)
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Egypt
EUR
18,331,000
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
(MI)
Gela (CL)
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
San Giovanni Teatino
(CH)
(CH)
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
Eni Mediterranea
Idrocarburi SpA
Eni Mozambico SpA
Eni Timor Leste SpA
Eni West Africa SpA
Eni Zubair SpA
Floaters SpA
Ieoc SpA
Società Petrolifera
Italiana SpA
Tecnomare - Società
per lo Sviluppo delle
Tecnologie Marine SpA
Outside Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Società Adriatica
Idrocarburi SpA
Società Ionica Gas SpA San Giovanni Teatino
EUR
14,738,000
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
EUR
11,452,500
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Venezia Marghera (VE)
Italy
EUR
2,064,000
EUR
37,980,800
Eni SpA
Minority interest
99.96 F.C.
99.96
0.04
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Agip Caspian Sea BV
Agip Energy
and Natural
Resources (Nigeria) Ltd
___________________
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Abuja
(Nigeria)
Kazakhstan
EUR
20,005 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Nigeria
NGN
5,000,000 Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
95.00
5.00
100.00 F.C.
(*)
(#)
Consolidation method or valutation method: F.C. = full consolidation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost.
Company with shares quoted in the regulated market of Italy or of other EU countries.
F-113
Company name
Registered office
Country of operation Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
%
Ownership
% Equity
ratio
(*)
Agip Karachaganak BV Amsterdam
Kazakhstan
EUR
20,005 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Agip Kazakhstan
North Caspian
Operating Co NV
Agip Oil Ecuador BV
Agip Oleoducto
de Crudos Pesados BV
Burren (Cyprus)
Holdings Ltd
Burren Energy
(Bermuda) Ltd
Burren Energy
Congo Ltd
Burren Energy
(Egypt) Ltd
Burren Energy
India Ltd
Burren Energy Ltd
Burren Energy Plc
Burren Energy
(Services) Ltd
Burren Energy Ship
Management Ltd
Burren Energy
Shipping and
Transportation Ltd
Burren Resources
Petroleum Ltd
Burren Shakti Ltd
Eni Abu Dhabi BV
Eni AEP Ltd
Eni Algeria
Exploration BV
Eni Algeria Ltd Sàrl
Eni Algeria Production
BV
Eni Ambalat Ltd
Eni America Ltd
Eni Angola
Exploration BV
Eni Angola
Production BV
Eni Argentina
Exploración
y Explotación SA
Eni Arguni I Ltd
Eni Australia BV
Eni Australia Ltd
Eni BBI Ltd
___________________
(Netherlands)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Nicosia
(Cyprus)
Hamilton
(Bermuda)
Tortola
(British Virgin Islands)
London
(United Kingdom)
London
(United Kingdom)
Nicosia
(Cyprus)
London
(United Kingdom)
London
(United Kingdom)
Nicosia
(Cyprus)
Nicosia
(Cyprus)
Hamilton
(Bermuda)
Hamilton
(Bermuda)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
London
(United Kingdom)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Luxembourg
(Luxembourg)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
London
(United Kingdom)
Dover, Delaware
(USA)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Buenos Aires
(Argentina)
London
(United Kingdom)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
London
(United Kingdom)
London
(United Kingdom)
Kazakhstan
EUR
52,500 Agip Caspian Sea BV 100.00
Co.
Ecuador
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Ecuador
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00
(cid:1) Eq.
Cyprus
EUR
1,710
Burren En. (Berm)
Ltd
100.00
(cid:1) Co.
United Kingdom USD
62,342,955
Burren Energy Plc 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Republic
of the Congo
Egypt
GBP
United Kingdom GBP
Cyprus
EUR
United Kingdom GBP
USD
50,000
Burren En. (Berm)
Ltd
100.00 100.00 F.C.
Burren Energy Plc 100.00
(cid:1) Eq.
Burren Energy Plc 100.00 100.00 F.C.
2
2
1,710
Burren En. (Berm)
Ltd
28,819,023 Eni UK Holding Plc
Eni UK Ltd
100.00 100.00 F.C.
99.99
(..)
100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
2
Burren Energy Plc 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Cyprus
EUR
Cyprus
EUR
Turkmenistan
USD
1,710 Burren (Cyp) Hold.
Ltd
3,420 Burren (Cyp) Hold.
Ltd
Burren En. (Berm)
Ltd
Burren En. (Berm)
Ltd
20,000
100.00
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
50.00
(cid:1)
(cid:1) Co.
50.00
100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom USD
65,300,000 Burren En. India Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Netherlands
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00
(cid:1) Eq.
Pakistan
GBP
73,471,000
Eni UK Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Algeria
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Algeria
USD
20,000 Eni Oil Holdings BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Algeria
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Indonesia
GBP
1
Eni Indonesia Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
USA
USD
72,000
Eni UHL Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Angola
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Angola
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Argentina
ARS
24,136,336 Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
95.00
5.00
(cid:1) Eq.
Indonesia
GBP
1
Eni Indonesia Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Australia
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Australia
GBP
20,000,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
1
Eni UK Ltd 100.00
(cid:1) Eq.
(*)
Consolidation method or valutation method: F.C. = full consolidation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost.
F-114
Company name
Registered office
Country of operation Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
%
Ownership
% Equity
ratio
(*)
Eni BB Petroleum Inc
Eni BTC Ltd
Eni Bukat Ltd
Eni Bulungan BV
Eni Canada
Holding Ltd
Eni CBM Ltd
Eni China BV
Eni Congo SA
Eni Croatia BV
Eni Cyprus Ltd
Eni Dación BV
Eni Denmark BV
Dover, Delaware
(USA)
London
(United Kingdom)
London
(United Kingdom)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Calgary
(Canada)
London
(United Kingdom)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Pointe-Noire
(Republic of the Congo)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Nicosia
(Cyprus)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
USA
USD
1,000 Eni Petroleum Co Inc 100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
34,000,000 Eni International BV 100.00
(cid:1) Eq.
Indonesia
GBP
1
Eni Indonesia Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Indonesia
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Canada
USD
1,453,200,001 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Indonesia
USD
2,210,728
Eni Lasmo Plc 100.00 100.00 F.C.
China
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Republic
of the Congo
USD
17,000,000 Eni E&P Holding BV
Eni Int. NA NV Sàrl
Eni International BV
99.99
(..)
(..)
100.00 F.C.
Croatia
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Cyprus
EUR
2,001 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Netherlands
EUR
90,000 Eni Oil Holdings BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Denmark
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Eni East Sepinggan Ltd London
Indonesia
GBP
1
Eni Indonesia Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
(United Kingdom)
Eni Elgin/Franklin Ltd London
United Kingdom GBP
100
Eni UK Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Eni Energy Russia BV
Eni Engineering
E&P Ltd
Eni Exploration &
Production Holding BV
Eni Gabon SA
Eni Ganal Ltd
Eni Gas & Power LNG
Australia BV
Eni Ghana Exploration
and Production Ltd
Eni Hewett Ltd
Eni Hydrocarbons
Venezuela Ltd
(former Eni Forties Ltd)
Eni India Ltd
Eni Indonesia Ltd
Eni International NA
NV Sàrl
Eni International
Resources Ltd
Eni Investments Plc
Eni Iran BV
Eni Iraq BV
Eni Ireland BV
Eni JPDA 03-13 Ltd
Eni JPDA 06-105 Pty
Ltd
___________________
(United Kingdom)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
London
(United Kingdom)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Libreville
(Gabon)
London
(United Kingdom)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Accra
(Ghana)
Aberdeen
(United Kingdom)
London
(United Kingdom)
London
(United Kingdom)
London
(United Kingdom)
Luxembourg
(Luxembourg)
London
(United Kingdom)
London
(United Kingdom)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
London
(United Kingdom)
Perth
(Australia)
Netherlands
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
40,000,001
Eni UK Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Netherlands
EUR 29,832,777.120 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Gabon
XAF
Indonesia
GBP
7,400,000,000 Eni International BV
Minority interest
Eni Indonesia Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
99.96
0.04
99.96 F.C.
2
Australia
EUR
10,000,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Ghana
GHS
21,412,500 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
3,036,000
Eni UK Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
11,000
Eni Lasmo Plc 100.00
(cid:1) Eq.
India
GBP
44,000,000
Eni UK Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Indonesia
GBP
100
Eni ULX Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom USD
25,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
50,000
United Kingdom GBP
750,050,000
Eni SpA
Eni UK Ltd
Eni SpA
Eni UK Ltd
99.99
(..)
99.99
(..)
100.00 F.C.
100.00 F.C.
Iran
Irak
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Ireland
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Australia
GBP
250,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Australia
AUD
80,830,576 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
(*)
Consolidation method or valutation method: F.C. = full consolidation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost.
F-115
Company name
Registered office
Country of operation Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
%
Ownership
% Equity
ratio
(*)
Eni JPDA 11-106 BV
Eni Kenya BV
Eni Krueng Mane Ltd
Eni Lasmo Plc
Eni Liberia BV
Eni Liverpool Bay
Operating Co Ltd
(former Eni
Transportation Ltd)
Eni LNS Ltd
Eni Mali BV
Eni Marketing Inc
Eni Middle East BV
Eni Middle East Ltd
Eni MOG Ltd
(in liquidation)
Eni Mozambique LNG
Holding BV
Eni Muara Bakau BV
Eni Myanmar BV
Eni Norge AS
Eni North Africa BV
Eni North Ganal Ltd
Eni Oil & Gas Inc
Eni Oil Algeria Ltd
Eni Oil do Brasil SA
Eni Oil Holdings BV
Eni Pakistan Ltd
Eni Pakistan (M) Ltd
Sàrl
Eni Papalang Ltd
Eni Petroleum Co Inc
Eni Petroleum US Llc
Eni PNG Ltd
Eni Polska spólka z
ograniczona
odpowiedzialnoscia
Eni Popodi Ltd
Eni Rapak Ltd
Eni RD Congo SA
(former Eni RD
Congo SPRL)
___________________
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
London
(United Kingdom)
London
(United Kingdom)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
London
(United Kingdom)
London
(United Kingdom)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Dover, Delaware
(USA)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
London
(United Kingdom)
London
(United Kingdom)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Forus
(Norway)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
London
(United Kingdom)
Dover, Delaware
(USA)
London
(United Kingdom)
Rio de Janeiro
(Brazil)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
London
(United Kingdom)
Luxembourg
(Luxembourg)
London
(United Kingdom)
Dover, Delaware
(USA)
Dover, Delaware
(USA)
Port Moresby
(Papua New Guinea)
Warsaw
(Poland)
Australia
EUR
50,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Kenya
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Indonesia
GBP
2
Eni Indonesia Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP 337,638,724.250 Eni Investments Plc
Eni UK Ltd
99.99
(..)
100.00 F.C.
Liberia
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
5,001,000
Eni UK Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
80,400,000
Eni UK Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Mali
USA
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
USD
1,000 Eni Petroleum Co Inc 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Netherlands
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
5,000,002
Eni ULT Ltd
100.00
100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
Netherlands
EUR
220,711,147.500
Eni Lasmo Plc
Eni LNS Ltd
20,000 Eni International BV
99.99
(..)
100.00
100.00 F.C.
(cid:1) Eq.
Indonesia
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV
100.00
100.00 F.C.
Myanmar
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV
100.00
(cid:1) Eq.
Norway
NOK
278,000,000 Eni International BV
100.00
100.00 F.C.
Libya
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV
100.00
100.00 F.C.
Indonesia
GBP
1
Eni Indonesia Ltd
100.00
100.00 F.C.
USA
Algeria
Brazil
USD
GBP
BRL
Netherlands
EUR
100,800
Eni America Ltd
100.00
100.00 F.C.
1,000
Eni Lasmo Plc
100.00
100.00 F.C.
1,579,800,000 Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
Eni ULX Ltd
450,000
99.99
(..)
100.00
Eq.
100.00 F.C.
Pakistan
GBP
90,087
Eni ULX Ltd
100.00
100.00 F.C.
Pakistan
USD
20,000 Eni Oil Holdings BV
100.00
100.00 F.C.
Indonesia
GBP
2
Eni Indonesia Ltd
100.00
100.00 F.C.
USA
USA
Papua New
Guinea
Poland
USD
USD
156,600,000
Eni SpA
Eni International BV
1,000 Eni BB Petroleum Inc
63.86
36.14
100.00
100.00 F.C.
100.00 F.C.
PGK
15,400,274 Eni International BV
100.00
Eq.
PLN
4,100,000 Eni International BV
100.00
100.00 F.C.
London
(United Kingdom)
London
(United Kingdom)
Kinshasa
(Democratic Republic
of the Congo)
Indonesia
GBP
Indonesia
GBP
2
2
Eni Indonesia Ltd
100.00
100.00 F.C.
Eni Indonesia Ltd
100.00
100.00 F.C.
Democratic
Republic
of the Congo
CDF
10,000,000,000 Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
99.99
(..)
100.00 F.C.
(*)
Consolidation method or valutation method: F.C. = full consolidation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost.
F-116
Company name
Registered office
Country of operation Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
%
Ownership
% Equity
ratio
(*)
Eni South China
Sea Ltd Sàrl
Eni South Salawati Ltd London
Luxembourg
(Luxembourg)
Eni TNS Ltd
Eni Togo BV
Eni Trinidad
and Tobago Ltd
Eni Tunisia BV
Eni UHL Ltd
Eni UKCS Ltd
Eni UK Holding Plc
Eni UK Ltd
Eni Ukraine Deep
Waters BV
Eni Ukraine
Holdings BV
Eni Ukraine Llc
Eni Ukraine Shallow
Waters BV
Eni ULT Ltd
Eni ULX Ltd
Eni USA Gas
Marketing Llc
Eni USA Inc
Eni US
Operating Co Inc
Eni Venezuela BV
Eni Venezuela E&P
Holding SA
Eni Ventures Plc
(in liquidation)
Eni Vietnam BV
Eni Western Asia BV
Eni West Timor Ltd
Eni Yemen Ltd
Eurl Eni Algerie
First Calgary
Petroleums LP
First Calgary
Petroleums
Partner Co ULC
Hindustan Oil
Exploration Co Ltd
HOEC Bardahl
India Ltd
___________________
(United Kingdom)
Aberdeen
(United Kingdom)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Port of Spain
(Trinidad & Tobago)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
London
(United Kingdom)
London
(United Kingdom)
London
(United Kingdom)
London
(United Kingdom)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Kiev
(Ukraine)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
London
(United Kingdom)
London
(United Kingdom)
Dover, Delaware
(USA)
Dover, Delaware
(USA)
Dover, Delaware
(USA)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Bruxelles
(Belgium)
London
(United Kingdom)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
London
(United Kingdom)
London
(United Kingdom)
Algeri
(Algeria)
Wilmington
(USA)
Calgary
(Canada)
Vadodara
(India)
Vadodara
(India)
China
USD
20,000 Eni International BV
100.00
Eq.
Indonesia
GBP
1
Eni Indonesia Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
1,000
Eni UK Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Togo
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Trinidad &
Tobago
Tunisia
TTD
1,181,880 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
1
Eni ULT Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
100
Eni UK Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
United Kingdom GBP
424,050,000
Eni Lasmo Plc
Eni UK Ltd
250,000,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
99.99
(..)
100.00 F.C.
Ukraine
EUR
20,000 Eni Ukraine Hold. BV 100.00
Eq.
Netherlands
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Ukraine
UAH
Ukraine
EUR
99.99
42,004,757.640 Eni Ukraine Hold. BV
Eni International BV
0.01
20,000 Eni Ukraine Hold. BV 100.00
100.00 F.C.
Eq.
United Kingdom GBP 93,215,492.250
Eni Lasmo Plc 100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
200,010,000
Eni ULT Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
USA
USA
USA
USD
10,000
Eni Marketing Inc 100.00 100.00 F.C.
USD
USD
1,000
Eni Oil & Gas Inc 100.00 100.00 F.C.
1,000 Eni Petroleum Co Inc 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Venezuela
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Belgium
USD
United Kingdom GBP
300,000 Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
278,050,000 Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
99.97
0.03
99.99
(..)
Eq.
Co.
Vietnam
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Netherlands
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00
Eq.
Indonesia
GBP
1
Eni Indonesia Ltd 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Yemen
GBP
1,000
Burren Energy Plc 100.00
Eq.
Algeria
DZD
1,000,000 Eni Algeria Ltd Sàrl 100.00
Eq.
Algeria
USD
Canada
CAD
1 Eni Canada Hold. Ltd
FCP Partner Co ULC
10 Eni Canada Hold. Ltd
99.90
0.10
100.00
100.00 F.C.
100.00 F.C.
India
INR
India
INR
1,304,932,890
Burren Shakti Ltd
Eni UK Holding Plc
Burren En. India Ltd
Minority interest
5,000,200 Hindus. Oil E. Co Ltd
27.16
20.01
0.01
52.82
100.00
47.18 F.C.
Eq.
(*)
Consolidation method or valutation method: F.C. = full consolidation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost.
F-117
Company name
Registered office
Country of operation Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
%
Ownership
% Equity
ratio
(*)
Ieoc Exploration BV
Ieoc Production BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Egypt
Egypt
EUR
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV
100.00
100.00 F.C.
20,000 Eni International BV
100.00
100.00 F.C.
Lasmo Sanga Sanga Ltd Hamilton
Indonesia
USD
12,000
Eni Lasmo Plc
100.00
100.00 F.C.
(Bermuda)
Lagos
(Nigeria)
Abuja
(Nigeria)
Abuja
(Nigeria)
Moscow
(Russia)
Cairo
(Egypt)
Nassau
(Bahamas)
Nassau
(Bahamas)
Nigerian Agip CPFA
Ltd
Nigerian Agip
Exploration Ltd
Nigerian Agip Oil Co
Ltd
OOO “Eni Energhia”
Tecnomare Egypt Ltd
Zetah Congo Ltd
Zetah Kouilou Ltd
Gas & Power
In Italy
Nigeria
NGN
Nigeria
NGN
Nigeria
NGN
Russia
Egypt
Republic
of the Congo
Republic
of the Congo
RUB
EGP
USD
USD
1,262,500
NAOC Ltd
Agip En Nat Res. Ltd
Nigerian Agip E. Ltd
5,000,000 Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
1,800,000 Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
2,000,000 Eni Energy Russia BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
Tecnomare SpA
Soc. Ionica Gas SpA
Eni Congo SA
Burren En. Congo Ltd
Eni Congo SA
Burren En. Congo Ltd
Minority interest
50,000
2,000
300
Co.
100.00 F.C.
100.00 F.C.
100.00 F.C.
Eq.
Co.
Co.
98.02
0.99
0.99
99.99
0.01
99.89
0.11
99.90
0.10
99.00
1.00
66.67
33.33
54.50
37.00
8.50
ASA Trade SpA
Eni Gas Transport
Services Srl
EniPower Mantova SpA San Donato Milanese
Livorno
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
EniPower SpA
Est Più SpA
LNG Shipping SpA
Servizi Fondo Bombole
Metano SpA
Trans Tunisian
Pipeline Co SpA
(MI)
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
Gorizia
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
Rome
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
EUR
EUR
706,518
120,000
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Co.
Eni SpA 100.00
EUR
144,000,000
EniPower SpA
Minority interest
86.50
13.50
86.50 F.C.
EUR
944,947,849
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
EUR
EUR
7,100,000
240,900,000
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
EUR 13,580,000.200
Eni SpA 100.00
Co.
Tunisia
EUR
1,098,000
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Outside Italy
Adriaplin Podjetje za
distribucijo zemeljskega
plina doo Ljubljana
Distrigas LNG
Shipping SA
Eni G&P France BV
Eni G&P Trading BV
Eni Gas & Power
España SA
Eni Gas & Power
France SA
Eni Gas & Power
GmbH
Eni Gas & Power NV
___________________
Ljubljana
(Slovenia)
Bruxelles
(Belgium)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Madrid
(Spain)
Levallois Perret
(France)
Düsseldorf
(Germany)
Bruxelles
(Belgium)
Slovenia
EUR
12,956,935
Eni SpA
Minority interest
51.00
49.00
51.00 F.C.
Belgium
EUR
788,579.550 LNG Shipping SpA
Eni Gas & Power NV
99.99
(..)
100.00 F.C.
France
EUR
20,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Turkey
EUR
70,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Spain
EUR
2,000,000 Eni International BV 100.00
Eq.
France
EUR
29,937,600 Eni G&P France BV
Minority interest
99.81
0.19
99.81 F.C.
Germany
EUR
1,025,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Belgium
EUR 413,248,823.140
Eni SpA
Eni International BV
99.99
(..)
100.00 F.C.
(*)
Consolidation method or valutation method: F.C. = full consolidation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost.
F-118
Company name
Registered office
Country of operation Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
%
Ownership
% Equity
ratio
(*)
Eni Gas Transport
Services SA
(in liquidation)
Eni Power Generation
NV
Eni Wind Belgium NV
Société de Service du
Gazoduc Transtunisien
SA - Sergaz SA
Société pour la
Construction du
Gazoduc Transtunisien
SA - Scogat SA
Lugano
(Switzerland)
Bruxelles
(Belgium)
Bruxelles
(Belgium)
Tunisi
(Tunisia)
Tunisi
(Tunisia)
Tigáz Gepa Kft
Tigáz-Dso
Földgázelosztó kft
Tigáz Tiszántúli
Gázszolgáltató
Zártkörûen Mûködõ
Részvénytársaság
Hajdúszoboszló
(Hungary)
Hajdúszoboszló
(Hungary)
Hajdúszoboszló
(Hungary)
Refining & Marketing
Switzerland
CHF
100,000 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Belgium
EUR
Belgium
EUR
Tunisia
TND
Tunisia
TND
5,161,500
Eni SpA
Eni Gas & Power NV
333,000 Eni Gas & Power NV
Eni International BV
99,000 Eni International BV
Minority interest
99.99
(..)
99.70
0.30
66.67
33.33
100.00 F.C.
100.00 F.C.
66.67 F.C.
200,000 Eni International BV
Eni Gas & Power
GmbH
Eni Gas & Power NV
Trans Tunis. P. Co
SpA
99.85
0.05
100.00 F.C.
0.05
0.05
Hungary
HUF
52,780,000
Tigáz Zrt 100.00
Eq.
Hungary
HUF
62,066,000
Tigáz Zrt 100.00 98.04 F.C.
Hungary
HUF 17,000,000,000
Eni SpA
Tigáz Zrt
Minority interest
97.88 (a)
0.16
1.96
98.04 F.C.
In Italy
Consorzio AgipGas
Sabina
Consorzio Condeco
Santapalomba
(in liquidation)
Consorzio
Movimentazioni
Petrolifere
nel Porto di Livorno
Ecofuel SpA
Cittaducale (RI)
Pomezia (RM)
Italy
Italy
EUR
EUR
5,160 Eni Rete o&no SpA
Minority interest
Eni SpA
Minority interest
125,507
70.00
30.00
92.66
7.34
Stagno (LI)
Italy
EUR
1,000
Ecofuel SpA
Costiero Gas L. SpA
Minority interest
49.90
11.00
39.10
Co.
Eq.
Co.
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
Rome
Eni Fuel Centrosud SpA Rome
Eni Fuel Nord SpA
Eni Rete
oil&nonoil SpA
Eni Trading
& Shipping SpA
Raffineria di Gela SpA
SeaPad SpA
Rome
Gela (CL)
Genoa
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
EUR
52,000,000
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
EUR
EUR
21,000,000
9,670,000
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
EUR
27,480,000
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
EUR
60,036,650
EUR
EUR
15,000,000
12,400,000
Eni SpA
Eni Gas & Power NV
100.00 F.C.
94.73
5.27
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Eq.
Ecofuel SpA
Minority interest
80.00
20.00
Outside Italy
Agip Lubricantes SA
(in liquidation)
Eni Austria GmbH
Eni Benelux BV
___________________
Buenos Aires
(Argentina)
Wien
(Austria)
Rotterdam
(Netherlands)
Argentina
ARS
Austria
EUR
1,500,000 Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
78,500,000 Eni International BV
Eni Deutsch. GmbH
97.00
3.00
75.00
25.00
Eq.
100.00 F.C.
Netherlands
EUR
1,934,040 Eni International BV 100.00 100.00 F.C.
(*)
(a)
Consolidation method or valutation method: F.C. = full consolidation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost.
Controlling interest:
Eni SpA
Minority interest
98.04
1.96
F-119
Company name
Registered office
Country of operation Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
%
Ownership
% Equity
ratio
(*)
Czech Republic
CZK
Germany
EUR
Ecuador
USD
France
EUR
359,000,000 Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
90,000,000 Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
103,142.080 Eni International BV
Esain SA
99.99
0.01
89.00
11.00
99.93
0.07
56,800,000 Eni International BV 100.00
100.00 F.C.
100.00 F.C.
100.00 F.C.
100.00 F.C.
Hungary
HUF 15,441,600,000 Eni International BV 100.00
100.00 F.C.
Spain
China
EUR
17,299,100 Eni International BV
100.00
100.00 F.C.
EUR
5,000,000 Eni International BV 100.00
Eq.
Austria
EUR 19,621,665.230
Austria
EUR 34,156,232.060
Eni Mineralölh.
GmbH
Eni International BV
(..)
Eni Austria GmbH 100.00
99.99
100.00 F.C.
Romania
RON
Germany
EUR
23,876,310 Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
99.00
1.00
2,000,000 Eni Deutsch. GmbH 100.00
Slovenia
EUR
3,795,528.290 Eni International BV 100.00
100.00 F.C.
Slovakia
EUR
Switzerland
CHF
Netherlands
EUR
36,845,251 Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
102,500,000 Eni International BV
Minority interest
99.99
0.01
99.99
(..)
3,720,000 Eni International BV 100.00
100.00 F.C.
100.00 F.C.
100.00 F.C.
USA
USA
USD
36,000,000
ETS SpA 100.00
100.00 F.C.
USD
11,000,000 Eni International BV 100.00
100.00 F.C.
Ecuador
USD
Ecuador
USD
Switzerland
CHF
Russia
RUB
Ecuador
USD
60,000
87.00
13.00
99.99
(..)
7,000,000 Eni International BV 100.00
Eni Ecuador SA
Minority interest
Eni Ecuador SA
Tecnoesa SA
30,000
1,010,000 Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
Eni Ecuador SA
Esain SA
36,000
99.01
0.99
99.99
(..)
Eq.
100.00 F.C.
Eq.
Eq.
Eq.
100.00 F.C.
100.00 F.C.
100.00 F.C.
Eni Ceská
Republika Sro
Eni Deutschland GmbH Munich
Prague
(Czech Republic)
(Germany)
Quito
(Ecuador)
Lyon
(France)
Budaörs
(Hungary)
Alcobendas
(Spain)
Shanghai
(China)
Wien
(Austria)
Wien
(Austria)
Bucharest
(Romania)
Wurzburg
(Germany)
Ljubljana
(Slovenia)
Bratislava
(Slovakia)
Losanna
(Switzerland)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
New Castle
(USA)
Wilmington
(USA)
Quito
(Ecuador)
Quito
(Ecuador)
Valais
(Switzerland)
Moscow
(Russia)
Quito
(Ecuador)
Eni Ecuador SA
Eni France Sàrl
Eni Hungaria Zrt
Eni Iberia SLU
Eni Lubricants Trading
(Shanghai) Co Ltd
Eni Marketing
Austria GmbH
Eni Mineralölhandel
GmbH
Eni Romania Srl
Eni Schmiertechnik
GmbH
Eni Slovenija doo
Eni Slovensko Spol Sro
Eni Suisse SA
Eni Trading
& Shipping BV
Eni Trading & Shipping
Inc
Eni USA R&M Co Inc
Esacontrol SA
Esain SA
Oléoduc du Rhône SA
OOO “Eni-Nefto”
Tecnoesa SA
Versalis
Versalis SpA
In Italy
Brindisi Servizi
Generali Scarl
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
Italy
EUR
1,553,400,000
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Brindisi
Italy
EUR
1,549,060
Consorzio Industriale
Gas Naturale
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
Italy
EUR
124,000
Ravenna
Italy
EUR
5,597,400
Ravenna Servizi
Industriali ScpA
___________________
(*)
Consolidation method or valutation method: F.C. = full consolidation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost.
F-120
Versalis SpA
Syndial SpA
EniPower SpA
Minority interest
Versalis SpA
Raff. di Gela SpA
Eni SpA
Syndial SpA
Raff. Milazzo Scarl
Versalis SpA
EniPower SpA
Ecofuel SpA
Minority interest
49.00
20.20
8.90
21.90
53.55
18.74
15.37
0.76
11.58
42.13
30.37
1.85
25.65
Eq.
Eq.
Eq.
Company name
Registered office
Country of operation Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
%
Ownership
% Equity
ratio
(*)
Servizi Porto Marghera
Scarl
Porto Marghera (VE)
Italy
EUR
8,751,500
Versalis SpA
Syndial SpA
Minority interest
48.13
38.14
13.73
Eq.
Outside Italy
Dunastyr
Polisztirolgyártó
Zártkoruen Mukodo
Részvénytársaság
Budapest
(Hungary)
Hungary
HUF
8,092,160,000
100.00 F.C.
Versalis SpA
Polimeri Europa
GmbH
Versalis International
SA
96.34
1.83
1.83
Shanghai
(China)
Champagnier
(France)
Eni Chemicals Trading
(Shanghai) Co Ltd
Polimeri Europa
Elastomeres France SA
(in liquidation)
Polimeri Europa
France SAS
Polimeri Europa GmbH Eschborn
(Germany)
Hythe
(United Kingdom)
Bruxelles
(Belgium)
Polimeri Europa
UK Ltd
Versalis
International SA
Mardyck
(France)
Versalis Kimya Ticaret
Limited Sirketi
(former Polimeri Europa
Kimya Ürünleri Ticaret
Ltd Sirketi)
Versalis Pacific (India)
Private Ltd
Istanbul
(Turkey)
Mumbai
(India)
Versalis Pacific Trading
(Shanghai) Co Ltd
Shanghai
(China)
Engineering & Construction
China
USD
5,000,000
Versalis SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
France
EUR
13,011,904
Versalis SpA 100.00
Eq.
France
EUR 126,115,582.900
Versalis SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Germany
EUR
100,000
Versalis SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
4,004,041
Versalis SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Belgium
EUR 11,979,589.880
100.00 F.C.
Versalis SpA
Dunastyr Zrt
Polimeri France SAS
20,000 Versalis International
SA
76.47
19.82
3.71
100.00
Turkey
TRY
Eq.
India
INR
China
CNY
100,000
Versalis Pacific
Trading
Minority interest
1,000,000 Eni Chem. Trad. Co
Ltd
99.99
Eq.
0.01
100.00 100.00 F.C.
Saipem SpA (#)
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
Italy
EUR
441,410,900
Eni SpA
Saipem SpA
Minority interest
42.91(a)
0.44
56.65
43.11 F.C.
In Italy
Consorzio Sapro
Denuke Scarl
Servizi Energia
Italia SpA
SnamprogettiChiyoda
SAS di Saipem SpA
Outside Italy
San Giovanni
Teatino (CH)
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
Andromeda Consultoria
Tecnica e
Representações Ltda
Boscongo SA
Rio de Janeiro
(Brazil)
Construction Saipem
Canada Inc
___________________
Pointe-Noire
(Republic of the Congo)
Montréal
(Canada)
Italy
Italy
Italy
EUR
10,329.140
EUR
10,000
EUR
291,000
Co.
Saipem SpA
Minority interest
Saipem SpA
Minority interest
51.00
49.00
55.00
45.00
Saipem SpA 100.00 43.11 F.C.
23.71 F.C.
Algeria
EUR
10,000
Saipem SpA
Minority interest
99.90
0.10
43.07 F.C.
Brazil
BRL
5,494,210
Saipem SpA
Snamprog. Netherl. BV
99.00
1.00
43.11 F.C.
Republic
of the Congo
Canada
XAF
1,597,805,000
Saipem SA
Minority interest
99.99
(..)
43.11 F.C.
CAD
1,000
Saipem Canada Inc 100.00 43.11 F.C.
(*)
(#)
(a)
Consolidation method or valutation method: F.C. = full consolidation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost.
Company with shares quoted in the regulated market of Italy or of other EU countries.
Controlling interest:
43.11
Eni SpA
Minority interest 56.89
F-121
Company name
Registered office
Country of operation Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
%
Ownership
% Equity
ratio
(*)
ER SAI Caspian
Contractor Llc
ER SAI Marine Llc
ERS - Equipment
Rental & Services BV
Global Petroprojects
Services AG
Hazira Cryogenic
Engineering
& Construction
Management Private
Ltd
Moss Maritime AS
Moss Maritime Inc
North Caspian
Service Co Llp
Petrex SA
Professional Training
Center Llc
PT Saipem Indonesia
SAGIO Companhia
Angolana de Gestão
de Instalação
Offshore Ltda
Saigut SA de CV
Saimep Limitada
Saimexicana SA de CV
Saipem America Inc
Saipem Argentina de
Perforaciones, Montajes
Y Proyectos Sociedad
Anónima, Minera,
Industrial, Comercial y
Financiera
(in liquidation)
Saipem Asia Sdn Bhd
Saipem Australia Pty
Ltd
Saipem (Beijing)
Technical
Services Co Ltd
Saipem Canada Inc
(former Snamprogetti
Canada Inc)
Saipem Contracting
Algérie SpA
Saipem Contracting
Netherlands BV
Saipem Contracting
(Nigeria) Ltd
Saipem do Brasil
Serviçõs de Petroleo
Ltda
Saipem Drilling Co
Private Ltd
Saipem Drilling
Norway AS
___________________
Almaty
(Kazakhstan)
Almaty
(Kazakhstan)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Zurich
(Switzerland)
Mumbai
(India)
Lysaker
(Norway)
Houston
(USA)
Almaty
(Kazakhstan)
Iquitos
(Peru)
Karakiyan
(Kazakhstan)
Jakarta Selatan
(Indonesia)
Luanda
(Angola)
Kazakhstan
KZT
1,105,930,000
Saipem Intern. BV
Minority interest
50.00
50.00
21.56 F.C.
Kazakhstan
KZT
1,000,000 ER SAI Caspian Llc 100.00 21.56 F.C.
Netherlands
EUR
90,760
Saipem Intern. BV 100.00 43.11 F.C.
Switzerland
CHF
5,000,000
Saipem Intern. BV 100.00 43.11 F.C.
India
INR
500,000
Saipem SA
Minority interest
55.00
45.00
Eq.
Norway
NOK
40,000,000
Saipem Intern. BV 100.00 43.11 F.C.
USA
USD
145,000 Moss Maritime AS 100.00 43.11 F.C.
Kazakhstan
KZT
1,910,000,000
Saipem Intern. BV 100.00 43.11 F.C.
Peru
PEN
762,729,045
Saipem Intern. BV 100.00 43.11 F.C.
Kazakhstan
KZT
1,000,000 ER SAI Caspian Llc 100.00 21.56 F.C.
Indonesia
USD
141,815,000
Angola
AOA
1,600,000
Saipem Intern. BV
Saipem Asia Sdn Bhd
Saipem Intern. BV
Minority interest
68.55
31.45
60.00
40.00
43.11 F.C.
Eq.
Delegacion Cuauhtemoc
(Mexico)
Maputo
(Mozambico)
Delegacion Cuauhtemoc
(Mexico)
Wilmington
(USA)
Buenos Aires
(Argentina)
Mexico
MXN
90,050,000
Mozambico
MZN
10,000,000
Mexico
MXN
1,528,188,000
USA
USD
50,000,000
Saimexicana SA
Saipem Serv. M. SA
CV
Saipem SA
Saipem Intern. BV
Saipem SA
Sofresid SA
Saipem Intern. BV
99.99
(..)
99.98
0.02
99.99
(..)
100.00
43.11 F.C.
43.11 F.C.
43.11 F.C.
43.11 F.C.
Argentina
ARS
1,805,300
Saipem Intern. BV
Minority interest
99.90
0.10
Eq.
Kuala Lumpur
(Malaysia)
West Perth
(Australia)
Beijing
(China)
Montréal
(Canada)
Algeri
(Algeria)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Lagos
(Nigeria)
Rio de Janeiro
(Brazil)
Mumbai
(India)
Sola
(Norway)
Malaysia
MYR
8,116,500
Saipem Intern. BV
100.00
43.11 F.C.
Australia
AUD
10,661,000
Saipem Intern. BV
100.00
43.11 F.C.
China
USD
1,750,000
Saipem Intern. BV
100.00
43.11 F.C.
Canada
CAD
100,100
Saipem Intern. BV
100.00
43.11 F.C.
Algeria
DZD
1,556,435,000
Netherlands
EUR
20,000
Nigeria
NGN
827,000,000
Brazil
BRL
562,946,299
Sofresid SA
Saipem SA
Saipem Intern. BV
99.99
(..)
100.00
Saipem Intern. BV
Minority interest
Saipem Intern. BV
97.94
2.06
100.00
43.11 F.C.
43.11 F.C.
42.23 F.C.
43.11 F.C.
India
INR
50,273,400
Norway
NOK
100,000
Saipem SA
Saipem Intern. BV
Saipem Intern. BV
50.27
49.73
100.00
43.11 F.C.
43.11 F.C.
(*)
Consolidation method or valutation method: F.C. = full consolidation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost.
F-122
Company name
Registered office
Country of operation Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
%
Ownership
% Equity
ratio
(*)
Saipem East Africa Ltd
Saipem India Projects
Ltd
Saipem Ingenieria y
Construcciones SLU
Saipem
International BV
Saipem Libya Llc -
SA.LI.CO. Llc
Saipem Ltd
Kampala
(Uganda)
Chennai
(India)
Madrid
(Spain)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Tripoli
(Libya)
Kingston Upon Thames -
Surrey
(United Kingdom)
Uganda
UGX
50,000,000
India
INR
407,000,000
Saipem Intern. BV
Minority interest
Saipem SA
51.00
49.00
100.00
Eq.
43.11 F.C.
Spain
EUR
80,000
Saipem Intern. BV
100.00
43.11 F.C.
Netherlands
EUR
172,444,000
Saipem SpA
100.00
43.11 F.C.
Libya
LYD
10,000,000
Saipem Intern. BV
Snamprog. Netherl. BV
60.00
40.00
43.11 F.C.
United Kingdom EUR
7,500,000
Saipem Intern. BV 100.00 43.11 F.C.
Saipem Luxembourg SA Luxembourg
Luxembourg
EUR
Malaysia
MYR
Luxembourg
USD
1,033,500
31,002 Saipem Maritime Sàrl
Saipem Portugal Lda
Saipem Intern. BV
Minority interest
Saipem SpA
378,000
99.99
(..)
41.94 (a)
58.06
100.00
43.11 F.C.
17.84 F.C.
43.11 F.C.
(Luxembourg)
Kuala Lumpur
(Malaysia)
Luxembourg
(Luxembourg)
Rijeka
(Croatia)
Port Said
(Egypt)
Lagos
(Nigeria)
Sola
(Norway)
Sola
(Norway)
Caniçal
(Portugal)
Saipem (Malaysia)
Sdn Bhd
Saipem Maritime Asset
Management
Luxembourg Sàrl
Saipem Mediteran
Usluge doo
(in liquidation)
Saipem Misr for
Petroleum Services SAE
Saipem (Nigeria) Ltd
Saipem Norge AS
Saipem Offshore
Norway AS
Saipem (Portugal)
Comércio Marítimo,
Sociedade Unipessoal Lda
Saipem SA
Saipem Services México
SA de CV
Saipem Services SA
(in liquidation)
Saipem Singapore
Pte Ltd
Saipem UK Ltd
(in liquidation)
Saipem Ukraine Llc
Sajer Iraq Co
for Petroleum Services
Trading General
Contracting
& Transport Llc
Saudi Arabian
Saipem Ltd
Sigurd Rück AG
Snamprogetti
Engineering
& Contracting Co Ltd
Snamprogetti
Engineering BV
Snamprogetti Ltd
(in liquidation)
Snamprogetti Lummus
Gas Ltd
Snamprogetti
Netherlands BV
___________________
Croatia
HRK
1,500,000
Saipem Intern. BV
100.00
43.11 F.C.
Egypt
EUR
2,000,000
Nigeria
NGN
259,200,000
Norway
NOK
100,000
Saipem Intern. BV
ERS BV
Saipem Portugal Lda
Saipem Intern. BV
Minority interest
Saipem Intern. BV
99.92
0.04
0.04
89.41
10.59
100.00
43.11 F.C.
38.55 F.C.
43.11 F.C.
Norway
NOK
120,000
Saipem SpA
100.00
43.11 F.C.
Portugal
EUR 299,278,738.240
Saipem Intern. BV
100.00
43.11 F.C.
Montigny Le Bretonneux
(France)
Delegacion Cuauhtemoc
(Mexico)
Bruxelles
(Belgium)
Singapore
(Singapore)
London
(United Kingdom)
Kiev
(Ukraine)
Baghdad
(Irak)
France
EUR 26,488,694.960
Saipem SpA
100.00
43.11 F.C.
Mexico
MXN
50,000
Belgium
EUR
61,500
Singapore
SGD
28,890,000
Saimexicana SA
Saipem America Inc
Saipem Intern. BV
ERS BV
Saipem SA
99.99
(..)
99.98
0.02
100.00
43.11 F.C.
43.11 F.C.
43.11 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
9,705
Saipem Intern. BV
100.00
43.11 F.C.
Ukraine
EUR
106,060.610
Irak
IQD
300,000,000
Saipem Intern. BV
Saipem Luxemb. SA
Saipem Intern. BV
Minority interest
99.00
1.00
60.00
40.00
43.11 F.C.
25.87 F.C.
Al Khobar
(Saudi Arabia)
Zurich
(Switzerland)
Al Khobar
(Saudi Arabia)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
London
(United Kingdom)
Sliema
(Malta)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Saudi Arabia
SAR
5,000,000
Switzerland
CHF
25,000,000
Saipem Intern. BV
Minority interest
Saipem Intern. BV
60.00
40.00
100.00
25.87 F.C.
43.11 F.C.
Saudi Arabia
SAR
10,000,000 Snamprog. Netherl. BV
Minority interest
70.00
30.00
30.18 F.C.
Netherlands
EUR
18,151.200 Saipem Maritime Sàrl
100.00
43.11 F.C.
United Kingdom GBP
9,900 Snamprog. Netherl. BV 100.00 43.11 F.C.
Malta
EUR
Netherlands
EUR
92,117,340
50,000 Snamprog. Netherl. BV
Minority interest
99.00
1.00
Saipem SpA 100.00 43.11 F.C.
42.68 F.C.
(*)
(a)
Consolidation method or valutation method: F.C. = full consolidation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost.
Controlling interest:
Saipem International BV
Minority interest
41.38
58.62
F-123
Company name
Registered office
Country of operation Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
%
Ownership
% Equity
ratio
(*)
Snamprogetti
Romania Srl
Snamprogetti Saudi
Arabia Co Ltd Llc
Sofresid Engineering SA Montigny Le Bretonneux
Bucharest
(Romania)
Al Khobar
(Saudi Arabia)
Romania
RON
Saudi Arabia
SAR
France
EUR
10,000,000
43.11 F.C.
5,034,100 Snamprog. Netherl. BV
Saipem Intern. BV
Saipem Intern. BV
Snamprog. Netherl. BV
Sofresid SA
Minority interest
99.00
1.00
95.00
5.00
99.99
0.01
Saipem SA 100.00 43.11 F.C.
43.11 F.C.
43.11 F.C.
1,267,142.800
France
EUR
8,253,840
Australia
AUD
13,157,570
Saipem Intern. BV 100.00 43.11 F.C.
Sofresid SA
Sonsub International
Pty Ltd
(France)
Montigny Le Bretonneux
(France)
Sydney
(Australia)
Other activities
Syndial SpA - Attività
Diversificate
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
Italy
EUR 447,739,017.980
Eni SpA
Minority interest
99,99
(..)
100.00 F.C.
In Italy
Gela (CL)
Gela (CL)
Anic Partecipazioni SpA
(in liquidation)
Industria Siciliana
Acido Fosforico
- ISAF - SpA
(in liquidation)
Ing. Luigi Conti
Vecchi SpA
Assemini (CA)
Outside Italy
Oleodotto del Reno SA
Coira
(Switzerland)
Corporate and financial companies
Italy
Italy
EUR 23,519,847.160
EUR
1,300,000
Syndial SpA
Minority interest
Syndial SpA
Minority interest
99.96
0.04
52.00
48.00
Eq.
Eq.
Italy
EUR
130,000
Syndial SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Switzerland
CHF
1,550,000
Syndial SpA
100.00
Eq.
In Italy
Agenzia Giornalistica
Italia SpA
Eni Adfin SpA
Rome
Rome
Eni Corporate
University SpA
EniServizi SpA
Serfactoring SpA
Servizi Aerei SpA
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
San Donato Milanese
(MI)
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
EUR
4,000,000
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
EUR 85,537,498.800
EUR
3,360,000
Eni SpA
Minority interest
99.63
0.37
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
99.63 F.C.
EUR 13,427,419.080
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
EUR
5,160,000
Eni Adfin SpA
Minority interest
49.00
51.00
48.82 F.C.
EUR
79,817,238
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Outside Italy
Banque Eni SA
Eni Finance
International SA
Eni Finance USA Inc
Eni Insurance Ltd
Eni International BV
___________________
Bruxelles
(Belgium)
Bruxelles
(Belgium)
Dover, Delaware
(USA)
Dublino
(Ireland)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Belgium
EUR
Belgium
USD
50,000,000 Eni International BV
Eni Trad & Ship BV
3,475,036,000 Eni International BV
Eni SpA
99.90
0.10
66.39
33.61
100.00 F.C.
100.00 F.C.
USA
USD
15,000,000 Eni Petroleum Co Inc 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Ireland
EUR
100,000,000
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
Netherlands
EUR
641,683,425
Eni SpA 100.00 100.00 F.C.
(*)
Consolidation method or valutation method: F.C. = full consolidation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost.
F-124
Information on Eni’s consolidated subsidiaries with significant non-controlling interest
The main line items of profit and loss, balance sheet and cash flow statement including intragroup transactions
related to consolidated subsidiaries with significant minority interest are provided in the table below22. The
ownership interest of the non-controlling interest corresponds to the voting rights.
((cid:1) million)
Non-controlling interest (%) ......................................
Current assets ...............................................................
Non-current assets ........................................................
Current liabilities .........................................................
Non-current liabilities ..................................................
Revenues .......................................................................
Net profit (loss) for the year ........................................
Total comprehensive income (loss) for the year ........
Net cash provided by operating activities ..................
Net cash used in investing activities ...........................
Net cash used in financing activities ..........................
Net cash flow of the year .............................................
Net profit (loss) for the year attributable
to non-controlling interest ...........................................
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest .................
2012
2013
Saipem Group
Hindustan Oil
Exploration Co Ltd
Saipem Group
Hindustan Oil
Exploration Co Ltd
56.88
7,668
9,401
7,440
4,048
12,799
1,065
1,017
234
(1,006)
1,098
313
628
222
52.82
71
244
43
149
14
(104)
(109)
16
(47)
37
6
(55)
56.89
7,763
9,129
8,769
3,349
11,598
(349)
(435)
455
(506)
153
60
(190)
245
52.82
54
211
29
136
11
(19)
(23)
(4)
9
(6)
(2)
(10)
Total shareholders’ equity attributable to non-controlling interest amounted to (cid:1)2,839 million, of which (cid:1)2,748
million pertaining to the Saipem Group and (cid:1)53 million to Hindustan Oil Exploration Co Ltd ((cid:1)3,357 million at
December 31, 2012, of which (cid:1)3,216 million pertaining to the Saipem Group and (cid:1)65 million to Hindustan Oil
Exploration Co Ltd).
Changes in the ownership interest without loss of control
During 2013, Eni acquired the 45.27% of its subsidiary Tigáz Zrt for a total consideration of (cid:1)28 million. The
book value of the shareholders’ equity acquired was (cid:1)32 million with a corresponding negative goodwill amounting
to (cid:1)4 million.
Principal joint ventures, joint operations and affiliates as of December 31, 2013
Company name
Joint venture
Unión Fenosa Gas SA
Eteria Parohis AeriouThessalonikis AE
CARDÓN IV SA
Joint operation
Blue Stream Pipeline Co BV
Raffineria di Milazzo ScpA
GreenStream BV
Affiliate
Angola LNG Ltd
EnBW Eni Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH
PetroSucre SA
United Gas Derivatives Co
Registered office
Operating office
Business segment
% ownership
interest
% voting
rights
Madrid
(Spain)
Ampelokipi-Menemeni
(Greece)
Caracas
(Venezuela)
Spain
Greece
Venezuela
Gas & Power
50.00
50.00
Gas & Power
49.00
49.00
Exploration
& Production
50.00
50.00
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Milazzo (ME)
(Italy)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Hamilton
(Bermuda)
Karlsruhe
(Germany)
Caracas
(Venezuela)
Cairo
(Egypt)
Netherlands
Gas & Power
50.00
50.00
Italy
Libya
Angola
Germany
Venezuela
Egypt
Refining
& Marketing
Gas & Power
Exploration
& Production
Gas & Power
Exploration
& Production
Exploration
& Production
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
13.60
13.60
50.00
50.00
26.00
26.00
33.33
33.33
(22)
Saipem SpA and Hindustan Oil Exploration Co Ltd are de fact controlled entities due to a wide dispersion of the other shareholdings.
F-125
The main line items of profit and loss and balance sheet related to the principal joint ventures, represented by
the amounts included in the reports accounted under IFRS of each company, are provided in the table below.
2012
2013
Unión Fenosa
Gas SA
Eteria Parohis
Aeriou
Thessalonikis
AE
CARDÓN IV
SA
Artic Russia
BV
Other joint
ventures
Unión Fenosa
Gas SA
Eteria Parohis
Aeriou
Thessalonikis
AE
709
117
1,440
2,149
335
70
995
898
1,330
819
88
18
226
314
29
18
7
47
267
91
5
304
395
249
161
249
146
1,450
367
641
2,091
1,376
41
195
27
1,571
520
751
92
1,352
2,103
304
78
900
803
1,204
899
728
728
1
1
1
727
61
31
213
274
8
8
266
CARDÓN IV
SA
Other joint
ventures
341
1,740
32
916
1,257
907
492
146
1,053
204
258
880
2,620
1,968
290
93
25
2,061
559
50.00
49.00
50.00
60.00
50.00
49.00
50.00
507
131
73
436
265
547
2,256
(1,737)
172
(129)
(71)
448
(55)
21
414
(116)
298
2
300
149
108
(13)
30
1
31
(6)
25
25
12
11
(4)
(2)
(6)
8
2
2
(3)
(1)
1
2,077
(1,699)
1,586
(1,413)
(55)
118
(28)
12
102
(26)
76
4
80
38
(270)
108
5
(117)
(4)
(90)
(94)
(16)
(110)
(8)
87
(12)
(12)
(12)
25
13
(7)
130
130
(88)
(13)
29
1
30
(7)
23
23
11
11
102
262
(9)
(1)
(10)
(16)
(26)
68
42
(9)
33
21
1,899
(1,759)
(241)
(101)
267
(9)
157
(108)
49
(49)
31
36
((cid:1) million)
Current assets ...................
- of which cash and
cash equivalent ..............
Non-current assets ...........
Total assets ......................
Current liabilities .............
- of which current
financial liabilities ........
Non-current liabilities .....
- of which non-current
financial liabilities ........
Total liabilities ................
Net equity ........................
Eni’s ownership
interest (%) ........................
Book value
of the investment ............
Revenues and other
operating income .............
Operating expense ...........
Depreciation, depletion,
amortization
and impairments ..............
Operating profit .............
Finance (income)
expense .............................
Income (expense)
from investments .............
Profit before
income taxes ...................
Income taxes ....................
Net profit .........................
Other comprehensive
income ..............................
Total other
comprehensive income ..
Net profit attributable
to Eni ................................
Dividends received
by joint ventures ............
F-126
The main line items of profit and loss and balance sheet related to the principal affiliates represented by the
amounts included in the reports accounted under IFRS of each company are provided in the table below.
2012
2013
Angola LNG
Ltd
EnBW Eni
Verwaltungs
gesellschaft
mbH
PetroSucre
SA
United Gas
Derivatives
Co
Other
associates
Angola LNG
Ltd
EnBW Eni
Verwaltungs
gesellschaft
mbH
PetroSucre
SA
United Gas
Derivatives
Co
Other
associates
171
333
1,156
805
798
241
77
8,267
8,438
268
379
647
7,791
26
403
736
261
11
167
31
428
308
3
967
2,123
1,127
333
511
1,316
296
64
703
1,191
932
999
317
221
1,025
1,823
803
167
216
38
1,019
804
108
8,109
8,350
234
269
503
7,847
328
68
414
742
263
254
137
400
342
883
59
788
1,671
935
255
83
144
399
92
71
20
1,006
665
112
287
973
274
1,629
2,602
983
125
318
21
1,301
1,301
13.60
50.00
26.00
33.33
13.60
50.00
26.00
33.33
1,060
162
242
106
216
1,067
179
173
96
373
(415)
1,521
(1,471)
961
(735)
374
(65)
1,253
(1,153)
194
(413)
1,678
(1,619)
911
(621)
312
(54)
1,272
(1,191)
(415)
(116)
(66)
(106)
120
(35)
274
(122)
(22)
(219)
(24)
35
(32)
226
(79)
2
(3)
(7)
1
(3)
(16)
(69)
(3)
(72)
113
(100)
13
275
(71)
204
(16)
(41)
(7)
(48)
(235)
(76)
(311)
17
(18)
(6)
(26)
(352)
(55)
(82)
(5)
3
198
(74)
(663)
68
60
53
70
(42)
(415)
157
(258)
(157)
(415)
(35)
(148)
142
46
35
(7)
28
28
14
188
(20)
168
226
(58)
168
(32)
(13)
136
44
105
155
56
60
7
1
10
(12)
(2)
(10)
(12)
25
30
((cid:1) million)
Current assets ...................
- of which cash
and cash equivalent .......
Non-current assets ...........
Total assets ......................
Current liabilities .............
- of which current
financial liabilities ........
Non-current liabilities .....
- of which non-current
financial liabilities ........
Total liabilities ................
Net equity ........................
Eni’s ownership
interest (%) .........................
Book value
of the investment ............
Revenues and other
operating income .............
Operating expense ...........
Depreciation, depletion,
amortization
and impairments ..............
Operating profit .............
Finance (income)
expense .............................
Income (expense)
from investments .............
Profit before
income taxes ...................
Income taxes ....................
Net profit .........................
Other comprehensive
income ..............................
Total other
comprehensive income ..
Net profit
attributable to Eni .........
Dividends received
by associates ...................
45 Significant non-recurring events and operations
In 2012 and in 2013, Eni did not report any non-recurring events and operations.
In 2011, a non-recurring provision amounting to (cid:1)69 million was made to reflect the expected liabilities on an
antitrust proceeding in the European sector of rubbers taking into account an unfavorable sentence issued by the
Court of Justice of the European Community on the matter.
46 Positions or transactions deriving from atypical and/or unusual operations
In 2011, 2012 and 2013 no transactions deriving from atypical and/or unusual operations were reported.
F-127
47 Subsequent events
On March 31, 2014, Eni and Statoil have signed final agreement on the revision of the long-term gas supply
contract currently in force between the two parties. The revision is reflecting changed fundamentals in the gas sector
and will determine a positive effect in 2014 profit. The final agreement, which follows the Heads of Agreement
signed on February 27, 2014, implies the end of the arbitration proceedings previously initiated by Eni.
F-128
Supplemental oil and gas information (unaudited)
The following information pursuant to “International Financial Reporting Standards” (IFRS) is presented in
accordance with FASB Extractive Activities - Oil & Gas (Topic 932). Amounts related to minority interests are not
significant.
Capitalized costs
Capitalized costs represent the total expenditures for proved and unproved mineral interests and related support
equipment and facilities utilized in oil and gas exploration and production activities, together with related
accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization. Capitalized costs by geographical area consist of the
following:
((cid:1) million)
Italy
Rest of
Europe
North
Africa
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Kazakhstan Rest of Asia Americas
Australia
and Oceania
Total
4,221
(9,337)
2012
Consolidated subsidiaries
Proved mineral interests ............................ 12,528
31
Unproved mineral interests .......................
267
Support equipment and facilities ..............
Incomplete wells and other .......................
732
Gross capitalized costs ............................ 13,558
Accumulated depreciation,
depletion and amortization ........................
Net capitalized costs
consolidated subsidiaries (a) (b) .................
Equity-accounted entities
Proved mineral interests ............................
Unproved mineral interests .......................
Support equipment and facilities ..............
Incomplete wells and other .......................
Gross capitalized costs ............................
Accumulated depreciation,
depletion and amortization ........................
Net capitalized costs
equity-accounted entities (a) (b) .................
2013
Consolidated subsidiaries
Proved mineral interests ............................ 13,465
31
Unproved mineral interests .......................
269
Support equipment and facilities ..............
Incomplete wells and other .......................
799
Gross capitalized costs ............................ 14,564
Accumulated depreciation,
depletion and amortization ........................ (10,241)
Net capitalized costs
consolidated subsidiaries (a) (b) .................
Equity-accounted entities
Proved mineral interests ............................
Unproved mineral interests .......................
Support equipment and facilities ..............
Incomplete wells and other .......................
Gross capitalized costs ............................
Accumulated depreciation,
depletion and amortization ........................
Net capitalized costs
equity-accounted entities (a) (b) .................
4,323
12,428
324
39
3,347
16,138
16,240
411
1,421
3,181
21,253
20,875
3,047
961
974
25,857
2,451
39
75
5,746
8,311
6,477
1,467
78
358
8,380
10,018
1,249
59
876
12,202
1,894
200
12
1
2,107
82,911
6,768
2,912
15,215
107,806
(9,346) (10,671)
(14,225)
(928)
(6,002)
(7,879)
(832)
(59,220)
6,792
10,582
11,632
7,383
2,378
4,323
1,275
48,586
1
54
22
77
83
7
1
91
52
1,052
1,104
964
279
6
114
1,363
322
3
200
525
(55)
(72)
(421)
(111)
22
19
1,104
942
414
1,422
333
16
1,389
3,160
(659)
2,501
12,497
385
37
2,803
15,722
18,237
428
1,370
1,105
21,140
21,854
2,835
992
1,851
27,532
2,351
37
78
6,069
8,535
6,604
1,441
90
634
8,769
10,652
1,419
57
669
12,797
1,662
190
12
24
1,888
87,322
6,766
2,905
13,954
110,947
(8,581) (11,370)
(15,562)
(1,000)
(6,269)
(8,406)
(723)
(62,152)
7,141
9,770
11,970
7,535
2,500
4,391
1,165
48,795
2
52
20
74
77
7
4
88
34
1,059
1,093
438
74
1
513
429
3
378
810
(56)
(67)
(405)
(145)
18
21
1,093
108
665
980
126
11
1,461
2,578
(673)
1,905
_______
(a)
(b)
The amounts include net capitalized financial charges totaling (cid:1)672 million in 2012 and (cid:1)715 million in 2013 for the consolidated subsidiaries and (cid:1)24 million
in 2012 and (cid:1)12 million in 2013 for equity-accounted entities.
The amounts do not include costs associated with exploration activities which are capitalized in order to reflect their investment nature and amortized in full
when incurred. The “Successful Effort Method” application would have led to an increase in net capitalized costs of (cid:1)4,071 million in 2012 and (cid:1)3,703
million in 2013 for the consolidated subsidiaries and (cid:1)74 million in 2012 and (cid:1)76 million in 2013 for equity-accounted entities.
F-129
Costs incurred
Costs incurred represent amounts both capitalized and expensed in connection with oil and gas producing
activities. Costs incurred by geographical area consist of the following:
((cid:1) million)
2011
Consolidated subsidiaries
Proved property acquisitions ....................
Unproved property acquisitions ................
Exploration .................................................
Development (a) ..........................................
Total costs incurred
consolidated subsidiaries ........................
Equity-accounted entities
Proved property acquisitions ....................
Unproved property acquisitions ................
Exploration .................................................
Development (b) ..........................................
Total costs incurred
equity-accounted entities ........................
2012
Consolidated subsidiaries
Proved property acquisitions ....................
Unproved property acquisitions ................
Exploration .................................................
Development (a )...........................................
Total costs incurred
consolidated subsidiaries ........................
Equity-accounted entities
Proved property acquisitions ....................
Unproved property acquisitions ................
Exploration .................................................
Development (b) ..........................................
Total costs incurred
equity-accounted entities ........................
2013
Consolidated subsidiaries
Proved property acquisitions .............
Unproved property acquisitions .........
Exploration ..........................................
Development (a) ....................................
Total costs incurred
consolidated subsidiaries ........................
Equity-accounted entities
Proved property acquisitions ....................
Unproved property acquisitions ................
Exploration .................................................
Development (b) ...........................................
Total costs incurred
equity-accounted entities ........................
_______
Italy
Rest of
Europe
North
Africa
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Kazakhstan Rest of Asia Americas
Australia
and Oceania
Total
38
815
853
100
1,921
57
128
1,487
697
482
1,698
2,021
1,672
2,877
6
935
941
156
385
60
971
240
70
754
1,210
8,282
541
1,031
310
10,246
5
2
7
3
3
5
659
664
14
27
8
68
76
9
154
163
2
27
886
913
43
32
1,045
151
2,485
153
1,441
1,142
2,246
1,077
2,636
1,608
3,415
3
762
765
193
702
80
1,071
96
16
1,850
9,768
895
1,153
112
11,661
13
19
32
357
1,855
2
7
9
64
45
95
765
11
117
128
757
2,617
2,212
969
3,374
32
697
729
1
600
601
4
188
192
154
154
233
719
110
1,141
84
57
30
485
515
64
45
1,669
8,451
952
1,251
141
10,229
5
1
6
3
5
8
39
39
81
353
434
1
318
319
90
716
806
(a)
(b)
Includes the abandonment costs of the assets for (cid:1)918 million in 2011, for (cid:1)1,381 million in 2012 and negative for (cid:1)191 million in 2013.
Includes the abandonment costs of the assets for (cid:1)15 million in 2011, for (cid:1)63 million in 2012 and for (cid:1)10 million in 2013.
F-130
Results of operations from oil and gas producing activities
Results of operations from oil and gas producing activities represent only those revenues and expenses directly
associated with such activities, including operating overheads. These amounts do not include any allocation of
interest expense or general corporate overhead and, therefore, are not necessarily indicative of the contributions to
consolidated net earnings of Eni. Related income taxes are computed by applying the local income tax rates to the
pre-tax income from producing activities. Eni is a party to certain Production Sharing Agreements (PSAs), whereby
a portion of Eni’s share of oil and gas production is withheld and sold by its joint venture partners which are state
owned entities, with proceeds being remitted to the state in satisfaction of Eni’s PSA related tax liabilities. Revenue
and income taxes include such taxes owed by Eni but paid by state-owned entities out of Eni’s share of oil and gas
production. Results of operations from oil and gas producing activities by geographical area consist of the
following:
((cid:1) million)
2011
Consolidated subsidiaries
Revenues:
- sales to consolidated entities ..................
- sales to third parties ................................
Total revenues ..........................................
Operations costs .........................................
Production taxes ........................................
Exploration expenses .................................
D.D. & A. and provision
for abandonment(a) .....................................
Other income (expense) ............................
Pre-tax income
from producing activities .......................
Income taxes ..............................................
Results of operations from E&P
activities of consolidated subsidiaries (b)
Equity-accounted entities
Revenues:
- sales to consolidated entities ..................
- sales to third parties ................................
Total revenues ..........................................
Operations costs .........................................
Production taxes ........................................
Exploration expenses .................................
D.D. & A. and provision
for abandonment ........................................
Other income (expense) ............................
Pre-tax income
from producing activities .......................
Income taxes ..............................................
Results of operations from E&P
activities of equity-accounted entities (b)
_______
Italy
Rest of
Europe
North
Africa
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Kazakhstan Rest of Asia Americas
Australia
and Oceania
Total
3,583
3,583
(284)
(245)
(38)
(605)
(565)
3,695
514
4,209
(566)
(113)
(704)
142
1,956
5,090
7,046
(483)
(165)
(128)
5,945
1,937
7,882
(830)
(853)
(509)
(843)
(508)
(1,435)
(314)
411
1,268
1,679
(171)
(6)
(112)
(160)
1,846
(760)
2,968
(2,043)
4,919
(3,013)
3,941
(2,680)
1,230
(413)
178
1,233
1,411
(183)
(37)
(177)
(486)
(151)
377
(157)
1,634
132
1,766
(364)
(136)
(901)
125
490
(184)
93
344
437
(88)
(58)
(103)
8
196
(120)
17,495
10,518
28,013
(2,969)
(1,300)
(1,165)
(5,189)
(1,423)
15,967
(9,370)
1,086
925
1,906
1,261
817
220
306
76
6,597
2
2
(1)
(6)
(4)
(9)
(9)
19
19
(11)
(4)
(1)
6
9
(4)
5
93
93
(10)
(5)
(24)
11
65
(35)
30
89
89
(9)
(8)
(23)
(20)
29
(32)
(3)
262
262
(17)
(113)
(9)
(21)
(51)
51
(4)
47
465
465
(47)
(118)
(28)
(69)
(58)
145
(75)
70
(a)
(b)
Includes asset impairments amounting to (cid:1)189 million in 2011.
The “Successful Effort Method” application would have led to an increase of (cid:1)118 million in 2011 for the consolidated subsidiaries and an increase of (cid:1)20
million in 2011 for equity-accounted entities.
F-131
((cid:1) million)
Italy
Rest of
Europe
North
Africa
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Kazakhstan Rest of Asia Americas
Australia
and Oceania
Total
3,712
50
3,762
(302)
(307)
(32)
(777)
(201)
2,143
(919)
2012
Consolidated subsidiaries
Revenues:
- sales to consolidated entities ..................
- sales to third parties ................................
Total revenues ..........................................
Operations costs .........................................
Production taxes ........................................
Exploration expenses .................................
D.D. & A. and provision
for abandonment (a) .....................................
Other income (expense) ............................
Pre-tax income
from producing activities .......................
Income taxes ..............................................
Results of operations from E&P
activities of consolidated subsidiaries (b)1,224 754
Equity-accounted entities
Revenues:
- sales to consolidated entities ..................
- sales to third parties ................................
Total revenues ..........................................
Operations costs .........................................
Production taxes .........................................
Exploration expenses .................................
D.D. & A. and provision
for abandonment ........................................
Other income (expense) ............................
Pre-tax income
from producing activities .......................
Income taxes ..............................................
Results of operations from E&P
activities of equity-accounted entities (b)
2013
Consolidated subsidiaries
Revenues:
- sales to consolidated entities ..................
- sales to third parties ................................
Total revenues ..........................................
Operations costs .........................................
Production taxes ........................................
Exploration expenses .................................
D.D. & A. and provision
for abandonment (a) ....................................
Other income (expense) ............................
Pre-tax income
from producing activities .......................
Income taxes ..............................................
Results of operations from E&P
activities of consolidated subsidiaries (b)
Equity-accounted entities
Revenues:
- sales to consolidated entities ..................
- sales to third parties ................................
Total revenues ..........................................
Operations costs .........................................
Production taxes ........................................
Exploration expenses .................................
D.D. & A. and provision
for abandonment ........................................
Other income (expense) ............................
Pre-tax income
from producing activities .......................
Income taxes ..............................................
Results of operations from E&P
activities of equity-accounted entities (b)
3,784
979
3,784
(391)
(326)
(32)
1,851
(872)
(907)
(277)
3,177
715
3,892
(655)
(154)
2,338
9,129
11,467
(606)
(390)
(153)
6,040
2,243
8,283
(913)
(818)
(993)
(683)
(122)
(1,137)
(934)
(1,750)
(435)
459
1,368
1,827
(188)
(3)
(120)
206
425
1,387
1,812
(209)
(43)
(230)
1,614
106
1,720
(361)
425
333
758
(134)
(147)
(123)
18,190
15,331
33,521
(3,368)
(1,558)
(1,835)
(720)
(149)
(1,256)
74
(167)
(42)
(6,610)
(1,603)
2,278
(1,524)
8,247
(5,194)
3,374
(2,508)
1,722
(736)
461
(176)
30
(14)
292
(164)
18,547
(11,235)
3,053
866
986
285
16
128
7,312
2
2
(1)
(5)
(50)
(7)
(61)
(61)
20
20
(10)
(3)
(2)
(2)
2
5
(3)
2
44
44
(5)
(11)
(13)
(48)
(33)
4
(29)
2,468
704
3,172
(717)
(288)
(573)
161
2,341
7,723
10,064
(649)
(317)
(95)
5,264
1,855
7,119
(932)
(710)
(869)
(1,192)
(1,009)
(1,882)
(519)
396
1,175
1,571
(192)
(1)
(111)
(105)
1,755
(1,006)
6,802
(4,281)
2,207
(1,702)
1,162
(396)
144
144
(14)
(4)
(4)
(41)
(6)
75
(36)
39
870
864
1,734
(224)
(38)
(205)
(524)
(140)
603
(178)
300
300
(20)
(128)
(35)
(55)
62
(38)
24
1,537
93
1,630
(342)
(136)
(848)
20
324
(117)
510
510
(49)
(136)
(22)
(141)
(114)
48
(73)
(25)
146
338
484
(119)
(25)
(110)
16,806
12,752
29,558
(3,566)
(1,416)
(1,736)
43
(11)
(5,994)
(1,880)
262
(149)
14,966
(8,701)
749
2,521
505
766
425
207
113
6,265
20
20
(11)
(4)
(3)
(1)
5
6
(4)
2
26
26
(44)
(12)
(30)
(10)
(40)
(8)
(1)
(4)
(13)
(13)
199
199
(18)
(14)
(25)
(65)
(13)
64
(35)
29
243
243
(23)
(113)
(1)
(40)
(38)
28
30
58
488
488
(96)
(131)
(37)
(107)
(62)
55
(19)
36
_______
(a)
(b)
Includes asset impairments amounting to (cid:1)547 million in 2012 and (cid:1)15 million in 2013.
The “Successful Effort Method” application would have led to an increase of (cid:1)189 million in 2012 and a decrease of (cid:1)20 million in 2013 for the consolidated
subsidiaries and a decrease of (cid:1)2 million in 2012 and an increase of (cid:1)6 million in 2013 for equity-accounted entities.
F-132
Oil and natural gas reserves
Eni’s criteria concerning evaluation and classification of proved developed and undeveloped reserves follow
Regulation S-X 4-10 of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and have been disclosed in accordance with
FASB Extractive Activities - Oil & Gas (Topic 932). Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas,
which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be
economically producible, from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic
conditions, operating methods, and government regulations, prior to the time at which contracts providing the right
to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or
probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced or
the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time. Existing
economic conditions include prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined.
The price shall be the average price during the 12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered by the
report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within
such period, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future
conditions. In 2013, the average price for the marker Brent crude oil was $108 per barrel. Net proved reserves
exclude interests and royalties owned by others. Proved reserves are classified as either developed or undeveloped.
Developed oil and gas reserves are reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with
existing equipment and operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment is relatively minor
compared to the cost of a new well. Undeveloped oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that are expected
to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is
required for recompletion. Since 1991, Eni has requested qualified independent oil engineering companies to carry
out an independent evaluation23 of part of its proved reserves on a rotational basis. The description of qualifications
of the person primarily responsible of the reserves audit is included in the third party audit report24. In the
preparation of their reports, independent evaluators rely, without independent verification, upon data furnished by
Eni with respect to property interest, production, current costs of operation and development, sale agreements, prices
and other factual information and data that were accepted as represented by the independent evaluators. These data,
equally used by Eni in its internal process, include logs, directional surveys, core and PVT (Pressure Volume
Temperature) analysis, maps, oil/gas/water production/injection data of wells, reservoir studies and technical
analysis relevant to field performance, long-term development plans, future capital and operating costs. In order to
calculate the economic value of Eni equity reserves, actual prices applicable to hydrocarbon sales, price adjustments
required by applicable contractual arrangements, and other pertinent information are provided. In 2013, Ryder Scott
Company and DeGolyer and MacNaughton24 provided an independent evaluation of about 30% of Eni’s total
proved reserves as of December 31, 201325, confirming, as in previous years, the reasonableness of Eni’s internal
evaluations. In the three-year period from 2011 to 2013, 92% of Eni’s total proved reserves were subject to
independent evaluation. As of December 31, 2013, the principal properties not subjected to independent evaluation
in the last three years are M’Boundi (Congo) and Elgin Franklin (United Kingdom). Eni operates under production
sharing agreements, in several of the foreign jurisdictions where it has oil and gas exploration and production
activities. Reserves of oil and natural gas to which Eni is entitled under PSA arrangements are shown in accordance
with Eni’s economic interest in the volumes of oil and natural gas estimated to be recoverable in future years. Such
reserves include estimated quantities allocated to Eni for recovery of costs, income taxes owed by Eni but settled by
its joint venture partners (which are state-owned entities) out of Eni’s share of production and Eni’s net equity share
after cost recovery. Proved oil and gas reserves associated with PSAs represented 49%, 47% and 51% of total
proved reserves as of December 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively, on an oil-equivalent basis. Similar effects as
PSAs apply to service and “buy-back” contracts; proved reserves associated with such contracts represented 1%, 2%
and 3% of total proved reserves on an oil-equivalent basis as of December 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively.
Oil and gas reserves quantities include: (i) oil and natural gas quantities in excess of cost recovery which the
Company has an obligation to purchase under certain PSAs with governments or authorities, whereby the Company
serves as producer of reserves. Reserves volumes associated with oil and gas deriving from such obligation
represent 0.8%, 1.1% and 1% of total proved reserves as of December 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively, on an
oil equivalent basis; (ii) volumes of natural gas used for own consumption; and (iii) the quantities of hydrocarbons
related to the Angola LNG plant. Numerous uncertainties are inherent in estimating quantities of proved reserves, in
projecting future productions and development expenditures. The accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of
the quality of available data and engineering and geological interpretation and evaluation. The results of drilling,
testing and production after the date of the estimate may require substantial upward or downward revisions. In
addition, changes in oil and natural gas prices have an effect on the quantities of Eni’s proved reserves since
estimates of reserves are based on prices and costs relevant to the date when such estimates are made. Consequently,
the evaluation of reserves could also significantly differ from actual oil and natural gas volumes that will be
produced.
(23)
(24)
(25)
From 1991 to 2002 DeGolyer and McNaughton, from 2003 also Ryder Scott.
The reports of independent engineers are available on Eni website eni.com, section Publications/Annual Report 2013.
Including reserves of equity-accounted entities.
F-133
The following table presents yearly changes in estimated proved reserves, developed and undeveloped, of crude
oil (including condensate and natural gas liquids) and natural gas as of December 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013.
Crude oil (including condensate and natural gas liquids)
(mmBBL)
2011
Reserves of consolidated
subsidiaries at December 31, 2010 ........
of which: developed .................................
undeveloped ............................
Purchase of minerals in place ...................
Revisions of previous estimates ...............
Improved recovery ....................................
Extensions and discoveries .......................
Production ..................................................
Sales of minerals in place .........................
Reserves of consolidated
subsidiaries at December 31, 2011.........
Reserves of equity-accounted
entities at December 31, 2010 ................
of which: developed .................................
undeveloped ............................
Purchase of minerals in place ...................
Revisions of previous estimates ...............
Improved recovery ....................................
Extensions and discoveries .......................
Production ..................................................
Sales of minerals in place .........................
Reserves of equity-accounted
entities at December 31, 2011 ................
Reserves at December 31, 2011 .............
Developed ..................................................
Consolidated subsidiaries ..........................
Equity-accounted entities ..........................
Undeveloped .............................................
Consolidated subsidiaries ..........................
Equity-accounted entities ..........................
2012
Reserves of consolidated
subsidiaries at December 31, 2011 ........
of which: developed .................................
undeveloped ............................
Purchase of minerals in place ...................
Revisions of previous estimates ...............
Improved recovery ....................................
Extensions and discoveries .......................
Production ..................................................
Sales of minerals in place .........................
Reserves of consolidated
subsidiaries at December 31, 2012 ........
Reserves of equity-accounted
entities at December 31, 2011 ................
of which: developed .................................
undeveloped ............................
Purchase of minerals in place ...................
Revisions of previous estimates ...............
Improved recovery ....................................
Extensions and discoveries .......................
Production ..................................................
Sales of minerals in place .........................
Reserves of equity-accounted
entities at December 31, 2012 ................
Reserves at December 31, 2012 .............
Developed ..................................................
Consolidated subsidiaries ..........................
Equity-accounted entities ..........................
Undeveloped .............................................
Consolidated subsidiaries ..........................
Equity-accounted entities ..........................
Italy
Rest of
Europe
North
Africa
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Kazakhstan Rest of Asia Americas
Australia
and Oceania
Total
248
183
65
34
(23)
349
207
142
58
2
9
(44)
(2)
978
656
322
10
2
2
(75)
750
533
217
14
2
11
(100)
(7)
788
251
537
139
39
100
(112)
(20)
(23)
(13)
259
372
917
670
653
106
44
5
39
6
60
110
216
34
34
182
72
110
106
34
72
(9)
(15)
82
110
110
2
3
(1)
114
196
49
41
8
147
41
106
19
18
1
(2)
17
934
638
622
16
296
295
1
917
622
295
55
20
10
(98)
6
4
2
11
6
(1)
22
692
487
483
4
205
187
18
670
483
187
26
7
65
(90)
(6)
653
215
215
438
438
653
215
438
62
(22)
(23)
259
184
184
75
75
259
184
75
(9)
(23)
372
195
195
177
177
372
195
177
10
1
3
(35)
227
351
904
672
670
22
4
18
(1)
(1)
(4)
16
688
456
456
232
216
16
670
203
203
467
467
17
16
1
1
(1)
17
921
601
584
17
320
320
F-134
227
165
165
62
62
351
180
180
171
171
134
62
72
1
17
(20)
132
139
25
114
11
1
4
(4)
151
283
117
92
25
166
40
126
132
92
40
40
8
(26)
154
151
25
126
(4)
(28)
119
273
128
109
19
145
45
100
29
20
9
3,415
1,951
1,464
(15)
6
39
(302)
(9)
(4)
25
3,134
208
52
156
28
1
70
(7)
300
3,434
1,895
1,850
45
1,539
1,284
255
3,134
1,850
1,284
181
28
86
(316)
(29)
25
25
25
25
25
6
(7)
24
3,084
300
45
255
1
4
(7)
(32)
266
3,350
1,806
1,762
44
1,544
1,322
222
24
24
24
(mmBBL)
2013
Reserves of consolidated
subsidiaries at December 31, 2012 ........
of which: developed .................................
undeveloped ............................
Purchase of minerals in place ...................
Revisions of previous estimates ...............
Improved recovery ....................................
Extensions and discoveries .......................
Production ..................................................
Sales of minerals in place .........................
Reserves of consolidated
subsidiaries at December 31, 2013 ........
Reserves of equity-accounted
entities at December 31, 2012 ................
of which: developed .................................
undeveloped ............................
Purchase of minerals in place ...................
Revisions of previous estimates ...............
Improved recovery ....................................
Extensions and discoveries .......................
Production ..................................................
Sales of minerals in place .........................
Reserves of equity-accounted
entities at December 31, 2013 ................
Reserves at December 31, 2013 .............
Developed ..................................................
Consolidated subsidiaries ..........................
Equity-accounted entities ..........................
Undeveloped .............................................
Consolidated subsidiaries ..........................
Equity-accounted entities ..........................
Italy
Rest of
Europe
North
Africa
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Kazakhstan Rest of Asia Americas
Australia
and Oceania
Total
227
165
62
19
(26)
351
180
171
16
1
(28)
(10)
904
584
320
3
12
2
(91)
672
456
216
83
5
51
(88)
670
203
467
31
82
41
41
62
(22)
(16)
220
330
830
723
679
17
17
(1)
16
846
577
561
16
269
269
16
16
(1)
15
738
465
465
273
258
15
679
295
295
384
384
220
177
177
43
43
330
179
179
151
151
128
114
8
106
(2)
(111)
1
129
38
38
91
90
1
154
109
45
11
4
(22)
147
119
19
100
1
(4)
116
263
115
96
19
148
51
97
24
24
2
(4)
3,084
1,762
1,322
3
236
5
58
(297)
(10)
22
3,079
266
44
222
(7)
(111)
148
3,227
1,866
1,831
35
1,361
1,248
113
22
20
20
2
2
F-135
Natural gas (a)
(BCF)
2011
Reserves of consolidated
subsidiaries at December 31, 2010 ........
of which: developed .................................
undeveloped ............................
Purchase of minerals in place ...................
Revisions of previous estimates ...............
Improved recovery ....................................
Extensions and discoveries .......................
Production ..................................................
Sales of minerals in place .........................
Reserves of consolidated
subsidiaries at December 31, 2011 ........
Reserves of equity-accounted
entities at December 31, 2010 ................
of which: developed .................................
undeveloped ............................
Purchase of minerals in place ...................
Revisions of previous estimates ...............
Improved recovery ....................................
Extensions and discoveries .......................
Production ..................................................
Sales of minerals in place .........................
Reserves of equity-accounted
entities at December 31, 2011 ................
Reserves at December 31, 2011 .............
Developed ..................................................
Consolidated subsidiariesb.........................
Equity-accounted entitiesb.........................
Undeveloped .............................................
Consolidated subsidiaries ..........................
Equity-accounted entities ..........................
2012
Reserves of consolidated
subsidiaries at December 31, 2011 ........
of which: developed .................................
undeveloped ............................
Purchase of minerals in place ...................
Revisions of previous estimates ...............
Improved recovery ....................................
Extensions and discoveries .......................
Production ..................................................
Sales of minerals in place .........................
Reserves of consolidated
subsidiaries at December 31, 2012 ........
Reserves of equity-accounted
entities at December 31, 2011 ................
of which: developed .................................
undeveloped ............................
Purchase of minerals in place ...................
Revisions of previous estimates ...............
Improved recovery ....................................
Extensions and discoveries .......................
Production ..................................................
Sales of minerals in place .........................
Reserves of equity-accounted
entities at December 31, 2012 ................
Reserves at December 31, 2012 .............
Developed ..................................................
Consolidated subsidiaries ..........................
Equity-accounted entities ..........................
Undeveloped .............................................
Consolidated subsidiaries ..........................
Equity-accounted entities ..........................
_______
Italy (b)
Rest of
Europe
North
Africa
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Kazakhstan Rest of Asia Americas
Australia
and Oceania
Total
2,644
2,061
583
9
80
4
(246)
1,401
1,103
298
199
3
18
(196)
6,207
3,100
3,107
2,127
1,550
577
1,874
1,621
253
871
560
311
436
(11)
(142)
(38)
9
(462)
18
(185)
(84)
(148)
530
431
99
51
131
(122)
544
539
5
96
(36)
16,198
10,965
5,233
9
671
3
180
(1,479)
2,491
1,425
6,190
1,949
1,648
685
590
604
15,582
24
22
2
(2)
(2)
20
6,210
3,087
3,070
17
3,123
3,120
3
6,190
3,070
3,120
118
4
114
147
74
(1)
338
2,287
1,441
1,437
4
846
512
334
1,949
1,437
512
2
2
1,427
995
995
432
430
2
1,425
995
430
1,648
1,480
1,480
168
168
1,648
1,480
168
2,491
1,977
1,977
514
514
2,491
1,977
514
154
45
284
141
24
(254)
(782)
15
(168)
1
(633)
113
(196)
(89)
469
(81)
(139)
1,520
214
1,306
372
1,150
(9)
3,033
3,718
552
528
24
3,166
157
3,009
685
528
157
18
2
(143)
22
6
16
11
1,274
1,307
1,897
393
385
8
1,504
205
1,299
590
385
205
(41)
4
(104)
1,684
246
1,438
2
528
2,498
(12)
604
491
491
113
113
4,700
20,282
10,416
10,363
53
9,866
5,219
4,647
604
491
113
15,582
10,363
5,219
5
606
(37)
628
(1,616)
(1,010)
1,633
1,317
5,558
2,061
2,038
562
449
572
14,190
2
2
20
17
3
(2)
(2)
(2)
16
5,574
2,736
2,720
16
2,838
2,838
1,633
1,325
1,325
308
308
1,317
925
925
392
392
338
4
334
3
17
(2)
(3)
353
2,414
1,429
1,429
985
632
353
2,038
1,401
1,401
637
637
3,033
24
3,009
1,307
8
1,299
1
1,340
38
(29)
3,043
3,605
774
372
402
2,831
190
2,641
739
(31)
3,355
3,804
340
334
6
3,464
115
3,349
4,700
53
4,647
1,340
794
(33)
(34)
6,767
20,957
9,389
8,965
424
11,568
5,225
6,343
572
459
459
113
113
(a)
(b)
Values lower than 1 BCF are not disclosed in this table.
Including, approximately 767 and 767 BCF of natural gas held in storage at December 31, 2010 and 2011, respectively.
F-136
Natural gas (a) continued
(BCF)
2013
Reserves of consolidated
subsidiaries at December 31, 2012 ........
of which: developed .................................
undeveloped ............................
Purchase of minerals in place ...................
Revisions of previous estimates ...............
Improved recovery ....................................
Extensions and discoveries .......................
Production ..................................................
Sales of minerals in place .........................
Reserves of consolidated
subsidiaries at December 31, 2013 ........
Reserves of equity-accounted
entities at December 31, 2012 ................
of which: developed .................................
undeveloped ............................
Purchase of minerals in place ...................
Revisions of previous estimates ...............
Improved recovery ....................................
Extensions and discoveries .......................
Production ..................................................
Sales of minerals in place .........................
Reserves of equity-accounted
entities at December 31, 2013 ................
Reserves at December 31, 2013 .............
Developed ..................................................
Consolidated subsidiaries ..........................
Equity-accounted entities ..........................
Undeveloped .............................................
Consolidated subsidiaries ..........................
Equity-accounted entities ..........................
_______
Italy
Rest of
Europe
North
Africa
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Kazakhstan Rest of Asia Americas
Australia
and Oceania
Total
1,633
1,325
308
1,317
925
392
105
103
5,558
2,720
2,838
5
253
2,061
1,429
632
2,038
1,401
637
475
(3)
24
(230)
1
(157)
(17)
24
(609)
14
(176)
(78)
562
372
190
104
208
(130)
449
334
115
142
7
(89)
572
459
113
316
(40)
14,190
8,965
5,225
5
1,495
278
(1,509)
(17)
1,532
1,247
5,231
2,374
1,957
744
509
848
14,442
16
16
353
353
3,043
402
2,641
3,355
6
3,349
1
(18)
16
(2)
(2)
(5)
15
5,246
2,447
2,432
15
2,799
2,799
330
2,704
1,295
1,295
1,409
1,079
330
(60)
(2,971)
28
772
300
286
14
472
458
14
3,353
3,862
315
310
5
3,547
199
3,348
1,957
1,488
1,488
469
469
6,767
424
6,343
(3)
(67)
(2,971)
3,726
18,168
8,576
8,542
34
9,592
5,900
3,692
848
561
561
287
287
1,532
1,266
1,266
266
266
1,247
904
904
343
343
(a)
Values lower than 1 BCF are not disclosed in this table.
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
Estimated future cash inflows represent the revenues that would be received from production and are
determined by applying the year-end average prices during the years ended. Future price changes are considered
only to the extent provided by contractual arrangements. Estimated future development and production costs are
determined by estimating the expenditures to be incurred in developing and producing the proved reserves at the end
of the year. Neither the effects of price and cost escalations nor expected future changes in technology and operating
practices have been considered. The standardized measure is calculated as the excess of future cash inflows from
proved reserves less future costs of producing and developing the reserves, future income taxes and a yearly 10%
discount factor. Future production costs include the estimated expenditures related to the production of proved
reserves plus any production taxes without consideration of future inflation. Future development costs include the
estimated costs of drilling development wells and installation of production facilities, plus the net costs associated
with dismantlement and abandonment of wells and facilities, under the assumption that year-end costs continue
without considering future inflation. Future income taxes were calculated in accordance with the tax laws of the
Countries in which Eni operates. The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows, related to the
preceding proved oil and gas reserves, is calculated in accordance with the requirements of FASB Extractive
Activities - Oil & Gas (Topic 932). The standardized measure does not purport to reflect realizable values or fair
market value of Eni’s proved reserves. An estimate of fair value would also take into account, among other things,
hydrocarbon resources other than proved reserves, anticipated changes in future prices and costs and a discount
factor representative of the risks inherent in the oil and gas exploration and production activity.
F-137
The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows by geographical area consists of the following:
((cid:1) million)
December 31, 2011
Consolidated subsidiaries
Future cash inflows ...................................
Future production costs .............................
Future development
and abandonment costs .............................
Future net inflow before income tax .....
Future income tax ......................................
Future net cash flows ..............................
10% discount factor ...................................
Standardized measure of discounted
future net cash flows of consolidated
subsidiaries at December 31, 2011 ........
Equity-accounted entities
Future cash inflows ...................................
Future production costs .............................
Future development
and abandonment costs .............................
Future net inflow before income tax .....
Future income tax ......................................
Future net cash flows ..............................
10% discount factor ...................................
Standardized measure
of discounted future net cash flows
of equity-accounted entities
at December 31, 2011 ..............................
Total consolidated subsidiaries
and equity-accounted entities
at December 31, 2011 ..............................
December 31, 2012
Consolidated subsidiaries
Future cash inflows ...................................
Future production costs .............................
Future development
and abandonment costs .............................
Future net inflow before income tax .....
Future income tax ......................................
Future net cash flows ..............................
10% discount factor ...................................
Standardized measure of discounted
future net cash flows of consolidated
subsidiaries at December 31, 2012 ........
Equity-accounted entities
Future cash inflows ...................................
Future production costs .............................
Future development
and abandonment costs .............................
Future net inflow before income tax .....
Future income tax ......................................
Future net cash flows ..............................
10% discount factor ...................................
Standardized measure
of discounted future net cash flows
of equity-accounted entities
at December 31, 2012 ..............................
Total consolidated subsidiaries
and equity-accounted entities
at December 31, 2012 ..............................
Italy
Rest of
Europe
North
Africa
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Kazakhstan Rest of Asia Americas
Australia
and Oceania
Total
38,200
(5,740)
37,974
(7,666)
109,825 59,263
(17,627) (15,191)
50,443
(7,845)
10,403
(3,852)
11,980
(2,687)
5,185
(813)
323,273
(61,421)
(4,712)
27,748
(9,000)
18,748
(9,692)
(7,059)
23,249
(15,912)
7,337
(2,572)
(9,639)
(5,734)
82,559 38,338
(46,676) (23,075)
35,883 15,263
(4,833)
(16,191)
(3,705)
38,893
(9,866)
29,027
(17,599)
(2,842)
3,709
(1,124)
2,585
(559)
(1,836)
7,457
(2,474)
4,983
(1,914)
(35,751)
(224)
226,101
4,148
(1,254) (109,381)
116,720
2,894
(54,482)
(1,122)
9,056
4,765
19,692 10,430
11,428
2,026
3,069
1,772
62,238
21
(5)
(2)
14
(3)
11
649
(259)
1,866
(471)
(36)
354
(3)
351
(183)
(147)
1,248
(189)
1,059
(475)
6,141
(1,540)
15,067
(4,598)
(1,247)
3,354
(824)
2,530
(1,825)
(1,754)
8,715
(5,368)
3,347
(2,155)
23,744
(6,873)
(3,186)
13,685
(6,387)
7,298
(4,638)
11
168
584
705
1,192
2,660
9,056
4,776
19,860 11,014
11,428
2,731
4,261
1,772
64,898
30,308
(5,900)
38,912
(8,190)
108,343 56,978
(18,555) (14,844)
53,504
(9,561)
7,881
(2,854)
11,008
(2,520)
4,957
(921)
311,891
(63,345)
(3,652)
20,756
(6,911)
13,845
(5,519)
(7,511)
23,211
(15,063)
8,148
(2,630)
(8,412)
(6,873)
81,376 35,261
(44,256) (21,348)
37,120 13,913
(4,976)
(16,539)
(3,802)
40,141
(10,293)
29,848
(17,943)
(1,974)
3,053
(903)
2,150
(496)
(1,502)
6,986
(2,906)
4,080
(1,337)
(33,923)
(197)
3,839
214,623
(1,181) (102,861)
111,762
2,658
(50,470)
(1,030)
8,326
5,518
20,581
8,937
11,905
1,654
2,743
1,628
61,292
1
(1)
658
(203)
3,594
(576)
(17)
438
(36)
402
(206)
(101)
2,917
(1,291)
1,626
(962)
6,689
(2,216)
18,132
(5,003)
(1,061)
3,412
(795)
2,617
(1,747)
(2,563)
10,566
(5,729)
4,837
(3,621)
29,074
(7,998)
(3,743)
17,333
(7,851)
9,482
(6,536)
196
664
870
1,216
2,946
8,326
5,518
20,777
9,601
11,905
2,524
3,959
1,628
64,238
F-138
((cid:1) million)
December 31, 2013
Consolidated subsidiaries
Future cash inflows ...................................
Future production costs .............................
Future development
and abandonment costs .............................
Future net inflow before income tax .....
Future income tax ......................................
Future net cash flows ..............................
10% discount factor ...................................
Standardized measure of discounted
future net cash flows of consolidated
subsidiaries at December 31, 2013 ........
Equity-accounted entities
Future cash inflows ...................................
Future production costs .............................
Future development
and abandonment costs .............................
Future net inflow before income tax .....
Future income tax ......................................
Future net cash flows ..............................
10% discount factor ...................................
Standardized measure
of discounted future net cash flows
of equity-accounted entities
at December 31, 2013 ..............................
Total consolidated subsidiaries
and equity-accounted entities
at December 31, 2013 ..............................
Italy
Rest of
Europe
North
Africa
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Kazakhstan Rest of Asia Americas
Australia
and Oceania
Total
28,829
(6,250)
33,319
(6,836)
92,661 58,252
(16,611) (15,986)
50,754
(9,072)
12,487
(3,876)
10,227
(2,379)
5,294
(1,417)
291,823
(62,427)
(4,593)
17,986
(5,776)
12,210
(5,048)
(6,202)
20,281
(12,746)
7,535
(2,110)
(8,083)
(7,061)
67,967 35,205
(35,887) (20,491)
32,080 14,714
(5,619)
(14,327)
(3,445)
38,237
(9,939)
28,298
(16,984)
(3,960)
4,651
(1,391)
3,260
(1,683)
(1,561)
6,287
(2,387)
3,900
(1,353)
(279)
3,598
(1,093)
2,505
(1,201)
(35,184)
194,212
(89,710)
104,502
(48,325)
7,162
5,425
17,753
9,095
11,314
1,577
2,547
1,304
56,177
524
(164)
4,041
(1,465)
(17)
343
(20)
323
(175)
(85)
2,491
(1,617)
874
(401)
262
(38)
17,239
(5,467)
(73)
151
(61)
90
(20)
(2,299)
9,473
(4,156)
5,317
(3,681)
22,066
(7,134)
(2,474)
12,458
(5,854)
6,604
(4,277)
148
473
70
1,636
2,327
7,162
5,425
17,901
9,568
11,314
1,647
4,183
1,304
58,504
F-139
Changes in standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
Changes in standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2011,
2012 and 2013, are as follows:
((cid:1) million)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
at December 31, 2010 ....................................................................................
Increase (Decrease):
- sales, net of production costs ........................................................................
- net changes in sales and transfer prices, net of production costs ...............
- extensions, discoveries and improved recovery,
net of future production and development costs .........................................
- changes in estimated future development and abandonment costs ............
- development costs incurred during the period that reduced future
development costs .........................................................................................
- revisions of quantity estimates .....................................................................
- accretion of discount .....................................................................................
- net change in income taxes ...........................................................................
- purchase of reserves-in-place .......................................................................
- sale of reserves-in-place ...............................................................................
- changes in production rates (timing) and other ...........................................
Net increase (decrease) .................................................................................
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
at December 31, 2011 ....................................................................................
Increase (Decrease):
- sales, net of production costs ........................................................................
- net changes in sales and transfer prices, net of production costs ...............
- extensions, discoveries and improved recovery,
net of future production and development costs .........................................
- changes in estimated future development and abandonment costs ............
- development costs incurred during the period that reduced future
development costs .........................................................................................
- revisions of quantity estimates .....................................................................
- accretion of discount .....................................................................................
- net change in income taxes ...........................................................................
- purchase of reserves-in-place .......................................................................
- sale of reserves-in-place ...............................................................................
- changes in production rates (timing) and other ...........................................
Net increase (decrease) .................................................................................
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
at December 31, 2012 ....................................................................................
Increase (Decrease):
- sales, net of production costs ........................................................................
- net changes in sales and transfer prices, net of production costs ...............
- extensions, discoveries and improved recovery,
net of future production and development costs .........................................
- changes in estimated future development and abandonment costs ............
- development costs incurred during the period that reduced future
development costs .........................................................................................
- revisions of quantity estimates .....................................................................
- accretion of discount .....................................................................................
- net change in income taxes ...........................................................................
- purchase of reserves-in-place .......................................................................
- sale of reserves-in-place ...............................................................................
- changes in production rates (timing) and other ...........................................
Net increase (decrease) .................................................................................
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
at December 31, 2013 ....................................................................................
Consolidated
subsidiaries
Equity-
accounted
entities
Total
46,077
1,083
47,160
(23,744)
40,961
1,580
(3,890)
7,301
1,337
8,640
(17,067)
37
(146)
1,152
16,161
62,238
(28,595)
2,264
4,868
(3,802)
8,199
3,725
12,527
2,207
(1,509)
(830)
(946)
(300)
442
2,457
(392)
866
(87)
235
(1,678)
10
24
1,577
2,660
(325)
(56)
812
(357)
409
824
477
(830)
(615)
(53)
286
(24,044)
41,403
4,037
(4,282)
8,167
1,250
8,875
(18,745)
47
(146)
1,176
17,738
64,898
(28,920)
2,208
5,680
(4,159)
8,608
4,549
13,004
1,377
(2,124)
(883)
(660)
61,292
2,946
64,238
(24,576)
(3,632)
1,699
(6,821)
8,456
6,385
11,937
5,587
74
(252)
(3,972)
(5,115)
(261)
(223)
3
(427)
665
(298)
521
379
(770)
(208)
(619)
(24,837)
(3,855)
1,702
(7,248)
9,121
6,087
12,458
5,966
74
(1,022)
(4,180)
(5,734)
56,177
2,327
58,504
F-140
SIGNATURES
The registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and has duly caused this
Annual Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: April 10, 2014
Eni SpA
/s/ANTONIO CRISTODORO
_______________________________________
Antonio Cristodoro
Title: Head of Corporate Secretary’s Staff Office
F-141
(This page intentionally left blank)
EXHIBIT 1
Part I – Formation – Name – Registered Office and Duration of the Company
By-laws of Eni SpA1
ARTICLE 1
1.1 Eni SpA, formed as a result of the transformation of Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi, a public agency, pursuant to Law
No. 136 of February 10, 1953, is governed by these By-laws.
1.2 The first letter of the Company’s name may be written in either upper or lower case.
ARTICLE 2
2.1 The Company’s registered office is located in Rome, and it has two branch offices in San Donato Milanese
(Milan).
2.2 The Company may establish and/or close offices, representative offices, affiliates and branch offices either in Italy
or abroad, in the manner provided for by law.
ARTICLE 3
3.1 The duration of the Company shall expire on December 31, 2100. Its duration may be extended one or more times
by resolution of the Shareholders’ Meeting.
Part II – Corporate Purpose
ARTICLE 4
4.1 The corporate purpose is the direct and/or indirect exercise, through equity holdings in companies or other entities
of activities in the field of hydrocarbons and natural gases, such as exploration and development of hydrocarbon
fields, the construction and operation of pipelines for transporting the same, the processing, transformation,
storage, use and sale of hydrocarbons and natural gases, in compliance with the terms of concessions provided for
by law.
The corporate purpose also includes the direct and/or indirect exercise, through equity holdings in companies or
other enterprises, of activities in the fields of chemicals, nuclear fuels, geothermal energy, other renewable energy
sources and energy in general, in the design and construction of industrial plants, in the mining industry, in the
metallurgy industry, in the textile machinery industry, in the water sector, including water diversion,
potabilization, purification, distribution and reuse; in the environmental protection sector and the treatment and
disposal of waste, as well as any other economic activity that is instrumental, ancillary or complementary to the
afore mentioned activities.
The corporate purpose also comprises performing and managing the technical and financial coordination of
subsidiaries and associated companies and providing financial assistance to them.
The Company may undertake any transactions necessary or useful for the achievement of the corporate purpose;
by way of example, it may undertake transactions involving real estate or moveable assets, commercial and
industrial transactions, financial and banking transactions of any sort, and any other act that is in any way
connected with the corporate purpose with the exception of fundraising on a public basis and the performance of
investment services as defined by Legislative Decree No. 58 of February 24, 1998.
The Company may, finally, acquire equity holdings and interests in other companies or enterprises with corporate
purposes that are similar, related or complementary to its own or those of companies in which it has equity
holdings, either in Italy or abroad, and it may provide secured and/or unsecured guarantees for its own and others’
obligations, including, in particular, sureties.
Part III – Share capital – Shares – Bonds
ARTICLE 5
5.1 The Company’s share capital is equal to (cid:1)4,005,358,876.00 (four billion five million three hundred and fifty-eight
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six), represented by 3,634,185,330 (three billion six hundred and thirty four
million one hundred and eighty five thousand three hundred and thirty) ordinary shares without indication of par
value.
5.2 Shares may not be split and each share gives entitlement to one vote.
5.3 The status of shareholder in itself constitutes approval of these By-laws.
ARTICLE 6
6.1 Pursuant to Article 3 of Decree Law No. 332 of May 31, 1994, ratified with amendments by Law No. 474 of July
30, 1994, no shareholder may hold, in any capacity, more than 3% of the Company’s share capital.
The calculation of such maximum shareholding limit also takes account of the aggregate shareholding held by the
controlling party, whether a natural or legal person or company; subsidiaries under direct or indirect control, as
(1) The English text is a translation of the Italian official “By-laws of Eni SpA”. For any conflict or discrepancies between the two texts the Italian text shall prevail.
E - 1
well as entities controlled by the same controlling party; linked entities and persons related to the second degree
by blood or marriage, with the exception of legally separated spouses.
A relationship of control, including with reference to entities other than companies, exists in the cases envisaged
by Article 2359, paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Italian Civil Code.
A link exists in the case set forth in Article 2359, paragraph 3, of the Italian Civil Code as well as between entities
that directly or indirectly, by way of subsidiaries other than those managing investment funds, participate, even
with third parties, in agreements regarding the exercise of voting rights or the transfer of shares or other equity
holdings in third-party companies or, in any event, in agreements as referred to in Article 122 of Legislative
Decree No. 58 of February 24, 1998 regarding third-party companies if said agreements involve least 10% of
voting share capital if they are listed companies or 20% if they are unlisted companies.
The calculation of the afore mentioned shareholding limit (3%) also takes account of shares held by any fiduciary
and/or nominee.
Any voting rights and any other non-financial rights attached to shares held in excess of the maximum limit
indicated above may not be exercised and the voting rights of each shareholder to whom such limit applies shall
be reduced in proportion, unless otherwise jointly specified in advance by the parties involved. If the voting rights
of shares exceeding this limit are exercised, any shareholders’ resolution adopted pursuant to such a vote may be
challenged pursuant to Article 2377 of the Italian Civil Code if the required majority would not have been reached
without the votes exceeding the afore mentioned maximum limit.
Shares for which voting rights may not be exercised shall nevertheless be included in the determination of the
quorum at Shareholders’ Meetings.
6.2 Pursuant to Article 2, paragraph 1, of Decree-Law No. 332 of May 31, 1994, ratified with amendments by Law
No. 474 of July 30, 1994, as amended by Article 4, paragraph 227, of Law No. 350 of December 24, 2003, the
Minister of the Economy and Finance retains the following special powers to be exercised in agreement with the
Minister of Economic Development and in accordance with the criteria set out in the Decree issued by the
President of the Council of Ministers on June 10, 2004:
a) power of opposition to the acquisition of material shareholdings, which pursuant to the Decree issued by the
Minister of Treasury on October 16, 1995 are shareholdings of at least 3% of share capital with voting rights at
the ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting, by parties subject to the shareholding limit as set forth in Article 3 of
Decree-Law No. 332 of May 31, 1994, ratified with amendments by Law No. 474 of July 30, 1994. Such
opposition shall be expressed within ten days of the date of the notice to be filed by the directors at the time
request is made for registration in the shareholders’ register if the Minister determines that such an acquisition
may prejudice the vital interests of the Italian State. Pending expiry of the ten-day term, the voting rights and
other non-financial rights attached to the shares representing a material shareholding may not be exercised. If
the power of opposition is exercised, with a measure duly explicating the prejudice that the transaction may
cause to the vital interests of the Italian State, the transferee may not exercise the voting rights or any other
non-financial rights attached to the shares representing a material shareholding and must dispose of said shares
within one year. In the event of failure to comply, the court, upon a request from the Minister of the Economy
and Finance, shall order the disposal of the shares representing a material shareholding in accordance with the
procedures set forth in Article 2359-ter of the Italian Civil Code. The measure exercising the right of
opposition may be challenged by the transferee before the Lazio Regional Administrative Court within sixty
days;
b) power of opposition to the conclusion of shareholders’ agreements as referred to in Article 122 of Legislative
Decree No. 58 of February 24, 1998, involving – as provided for in the Treasury Minister’s Decree of October
16, 1995 – at least 3% of share capital with voting rights at the ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting. For the
purposes of exercising said power of opposition, Consob shall notify the Minister of the Economy and Finance
of any such agreements notified to it pursuant to Article 122 of Legislative Decree No. 58 of February 24,
1998. The power of opposition shall be exercised within ten days of the date of the notice from Consob.
Pending expiry of the ten-day term, the voting rights and other non-financial rights attached to the shares held
by the shareholders who have entered into such shareholders’ agreements may not be exercised. If the power
of opposition is exercised, with a measure duly explicating the prejudice that the shareholders’ agreements
may cause to the vital interests of the Italian State, the shareholders’ agreements shall be null and void. If the
actions at Shareholders’ Meetings of the shareholders who had entered into the shareholders’ agreements
referred to in Article 122 of Legislative Decree No. 58 of February 24, 1998 should suggest that they were
continuing to abide by the undertakings given in such agreements, any resolutions approved with their vote, if
decisive for approval, may be challenged. The measure exercising the right of opposition may be challenged
by the shareholders party to the above mentioned agreements before the Lazio Regional Administrative Court
within sixty days;
c) power of veto, duly supported by explication of the effective prejudice to the vital interests of the Italian State,
with respect to resolutions to wind up the Company, to transfer the business, to merge, to demerge, to transfer
the Company’s registered office abroad, to change the corporate purpose or to amend the By-laws so as to
eliminate or modify the powers set out in this Article. The measure exercising the right of opposition may be
challenged by the dissenting shareholders before the Lazio Regional Administrative Court within sixty days;
E - 2
d) power of appointment of one non-voting director. Should the office of said director be vacated, the Minister of
the Economy and Finance, in agreement with the Minister of Economic Development, shall appoint a
replacement.
ARTICLE 7
7.1 When shares are fully paid up, and if the law so allows, they may be issued to bearer. Bearer shares may be
converted into registered shares and vice-versa. Conversion operations shall be carried out at the shareholder’s
expense.
ARTICLE 8
8.1
If for whatever reason a share should belong to more than one person, the rights attaching to said share may be
exercised by only one person or by a proxy acting for all co-holders.
ARTICLE 9
9.1 The Shareholders’ Meeting may resolve to increase the Company share capital and set the terms, conditions and
means thereof.
9.2 The Shareholders’ Meeting may resolve to increase the Company share capital by issuing shares, including shares
of different classes, to be granted for no consideration pursuant to Article 2349 of the Italian Civil Code.
ARTICLE 10
10.1 Payments in respect of shares may be called by the Board of Directors in one or more installments.
10.2 Shareholders who are late in payment shall be charged interest calculated at the official discount rate established
by the Bank of Italy, without prejudice to the provisions of Article 2344 of the Italian Civil Code.
ARTICLE 11
11.1 The Company may issue bonds, including convertible bonds and warrants, in compliance with the provisions of
law.
Part IV – Shareholders’ Meetings
ARTICLE 12
12.1 Ordinary and extraordinary Shareholders’ Meetings shall normally be held at the Company’s registered office
unless otherwise decided by the Board of Directors, provided however they are held in Italy.
12.2 The ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting shall be called at least once a year, within 180 days of the end of the
Company’s financial year, to approve the financial statements, since the Company is required to draw up
Consolidated Financial Statements.
12.3 The directors shall call a Shareholders’ Meeting without delay when shareholders representing at least one
twentieth of the share capital so request. Shareholders’ Meetings may not be called upon the request of the
shareholders for matters upon which, according to law, the Shareholders’ Meeting must resolve upon a proposal
of the directors or on the basis of a project or report of the directors themselves. The shareholders who request a
meeting to be convened shall prepare a report on the proposals relating to the matters to be discussed. The Board
of Directors shall make the report available to the public, together with its own evaluations, if any, at the
Company’s registered office, on the Company’s website and in any other manner established in Consob
regulations at the time the notice calling the meeting is published.
12.4 The Board of Directors shall make a report on each of the items on the agenda available to the public as provided
for in the previous paragraph by the deadlines for publication of the notice calling the Shareholders’ Meeting for
each of the items on the agenda.
ARTICLE 13
13.1 The Shareholders’ Meeting shall be called by way of a notice published on the Company’s website, as well as in
accordance with the procedures specified in Consob regulations, by the statutory deadlines and in accordance with
applicable law.
Shareholders who severally or jointly represent at least one fortieth of the Company’s share capital may ask for
items to be added to the agenda by submitting a request within ten days of publication of the notice calling the
meeting, unless a different term is provided for by law, specifying the additional proposed items in their request or
presenting proposed resolutions on items already on the agenda. Requests, together with the certificate attesting
ownership of the shares, are submitted in writing, by mail or electronically in the manners provided for in the
notice calling the meeting. These proposed resolutions may be presented individually at the Shareholders’
Meeting by persons entitled to vote. Matters upon which, according to law, the Shareholders’ Meeting must
resolve upon a proposal of the Board of Directors or on the basis of a project or report of the directors other than
the report on the items in the agenda, may not be added to the agenda. The Board of Directors shall give notice of
the additions to the agenda or the proposed resolutions approved in the same manner prescribed for the publication
of the notice calling the meeting at least fifteen days before the date set for the Shareholders’ Meeting, unless a
different term is required by law. The proposed resolutions on items already on the agenda are made available to
E - 3
the public as prescribed by Article 12.3 of these By-laws, simultaneous with publication of the announcement of
their presentation. The requesting or proposing shareholders shall send, by the final deadline for the submission of
requests for additions to the agenda or of proposed resolutions, a report to the Board of Directors, explaining the
reasons for the addition or the proposed resolution. The Board of Directors shall make the report available to the
public, together with its own evaluations, if any, at the same time as the publication of the notice of the additions
to the agenda or of the presentation of proposed resolutions in the manner set out in Article 12.3 of these By-laws.
13.2 Entitlement to attend and cast a vote at the Shareholders’ Meeting shall be certified by a statement submitted by
an authorized intermediary on the basis of its accounting records to the Company on behalf of the person entitled
to vote. The statement shall be issued by the intermediary on the basis of the balances on the accounts recorded at
the end of the seventh trading day prior to the date of the Shareholders’ Meeting. Credit or debit records entered
on the accounts after this deadline shall not be considered for the purpose of determining entitlement to exercise
voting rights at the Shareholders’ Meeting. The statement issued by the authorized intermediary must reach the
Company by the end of the third trading day prior to the date of the Shareholders’ Meeting, or by any other
deadline established by Consob regulations issued in agreement with the Bank of Italy. Shareholders shall
nevertheless be entitled to attend the meeting and cast a vote if the statements are received by the Company after
the deadlines indicated above, provided they are received before the start of proceedings of the given call. For the
purposes of this Article, reference is made to the date of first call, provided that the dates of any subsequent calls
are indicated in the notice calling the meeting; otherwise, the date of each call is deemed the reference date.
ARTICLE 14
14.1 Those persons who are entitled to vote may appoint a party to represent themselves at the Shareholders’ Meeting
by means of a written proxy or in electronic form in the manner set forth by current laws. Electronic notification
of the proxy may be made through a special section of the Company’s website as indicated in the notice calling
the meeting. In order to simplify proxy voting by shareholders who are employees of the Company or of its
subsidiaries and belong to shareholders associations that meet applicable statutory requirements, locations for
communications and collecting proxies shall be made available to said associations in accordance with the terms
and conditions agreed from time to time with the legal representatives of said associations.
14.2 The Chairman of the meeting shall verify the validity of proxies and, in general, entitlement to participate in the
meeting.
14.3 The right to vote may also be exercised by correspondence in accordance with the applicable provisions of law
and regulations. If envisaged in the notice calling the meeting, those persons entitled to vote may participate in the
Shareholders’ Meeting by means of telecommunication systems and exercise their right to vote by electronic
means in accordance with the provisions of law, applicable regulations and the Shareholders’ Meeting Rules.
14.4 The Shareholders’ Meetings are governed by the Shareholders’ Meeting Rules as approved with a resolution of
the ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting.
14.5 The Company may designate a person for each Shareholders’ Meeting to whom the shareholders may confer a
proxy with voting instructions on all or some of the items on the agenda, as provided for by law and regulations,
by the end of the second trading day preceding the date set for the Shareholders’ Meeting including for calls
subsequent to the first. Such proxy shall not be valid for items in respect of which no voting instructions have
been provided.
ARTICLE 15
15.1 The Shareholders’ Meeting is chaired by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or in the event of the
Chairman’s absence or impediment, by the Chief Executive Officer; in their absence, the Shareholders’ Meeting
shall elect its own Chairman.
15.2 The Chairman of the meeting is assisted by a Secretary, who need not be a shareholder, to be designated by the
participants in the meeting, and may appoint one or more scrutineers.
ARTICLE 16
16.1 The ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting decides on all matters for which it is legally responsible and authorizes the
transfer of the business.
16.2 The ordinary and extraordinary Shareholders’ Meetings are normally held after more than one call, as provided for
in these By-laws; their resolutions in first, second or third call must be passed with the majorities required by law
in each case. The Board of Directors may, if deemed necessary, establish that both the ordinary and the
extraordinary Shareholders’ Meetings shall be held after a single call. In case of a single call, the majorities
required by law in this case shall apply.
16.3 The resolutions of the Shareholders’ Meeting, approved in accordance with the law and these By-laws, shall be
binding on all shareholders, including those dissenting or not present.
16.4 The minutes of ordinary meetings shall be signed by the Chairman and the Secretary.
16.5 The minutes of extraordinary meetings shall be drawn up by a notary public.
E - 4
Part V – The Board of Directors
ARTICLE 17
17.1 The Company is governed by a Board of Directors consisting of no fewer than three and no more than nine
members. The Shareholders’ Meeting shall determine the number within these limits.
The Minister of the Economy and Finance in agreement with the Minister of Economic Development may appoint
an additional non-voting director, pursuant to Article 6.2, letter d), of the By-laws.
17.2 The directors shall be appointed for a period of up to three financial years; this term shall lapse on the date of the
Shareholders’ Meeting convened to approve the financial statements for their last year in office. They may be
re-elected.
17.3 The Board of Directors, except for the member appointed pursuant to Article 6.2, letter d) of these By-laws, shall
be elected by the Shareholders’ Meeting on the basis of slates presented by shareholders and by the Board of
Directors. The candidates shall be listed on the slates in numerical order.
The slates shall be filed with the Company’s registered office, including remotely in the manner indicated in the
notice calling the meeting, by the twenty-fifth day before the date of the Shareholders’ Meeting at first or single
call convened to appoint the members of the Board of Directors. They shall be made available to the public as
provided for by law and Consob regulations at least twenty-one days before the date set for the Shareholders’
Meeting at first or single call. Each shareholder may, severally or jointly, submit and vote on a single slate only.
Controlling persons, subsidiaries and companies under common control may not submit or participate in the
submission of other slates, nor can they vote on them, either directly or through nominees or trustees. As used
herein, subsidiaries are those companies referred to in Article 93 of Legislative Decree No. 58 of February 24,
1998. Each candidate may stand on a single slate, on penalty of disqualification. Only those shareholders who,
severally or jointly, represent at least 1% of share capital or any other threshold established by Consob regulations
shall be entitled to submit a slate. Ownership of the minimum holding needed to submit slates shall be determined
with regard to the shares registered to the shareholder on the day on which the slates are filed with the Company.
Related certification may be submitted after the filing, provided that submission takes place by the deadline set for
the publication of the slates by the Company.
At least one director, if there are no more than five directors, or at least three directors, if there are more than five,
shall satisfy the independence requirements established for the members of the Board of Statutory Auditors of
listed companies.
The candidates meeting such independence requirements shall be expressly identified in each slate.
All candidates shall also satisfy the integrity requirements established by applicable law.
Slates that contain three or more candidates shall include candidates of both genders, as specified in the notice
calling the meeting, in order to comply with the applicable gender-balance legislation. When the number of
members of the less-represented gender must, by law, be at least three, the slates competing to appoint the
majority of the members of the Board of Directors must include at least two candidates of the less-represented
gender.
Together with the filing of each slate, on penalty of inadmissibility, the following shall also be filed: the
curriculum vitae of each candidate, statements of each candidate accepting his/her nomination and affirming,
under his/her personal responsibility, the absence of any grounds making him/her ineligible or incompatible for
such position and that he/she satisfies the afore mentioned requirements of integrity and independence (where
applicable).
The appointed directors shall notify the Company if they should no longer satisfy the independence and integrity
requirements or if cause for ineligibility or incompatibility should arise.
The Board of Directors shall periodically evaluate the independence and integrity of its members and whether
cause for ineligibility or incompatibility has arisen. If the integrity or independence requirements established by
applicable legislation should no longer be met by a director or if cause for ineligibility or incompatibility should
have arisen, the Board of Directors shall declare the director disqualified and replace him/her or shall invite
him/her to rectify the situation of incompatibility by a deadline set by the Board itself, on penalty of
disqualification.
Directors shall be elected in the following manner:
a)
seven-tenths of the directors to be elected shall be drawn from the slate that receives the most votes of the
shareholders in the order in which they appear on the slate, rounded off in the event of a decimal number
to the next lowest whole number;
the remaining directors shall be drawn from the other slates. Said slates shall not be connected in any way,
directly or indirectly, to the shareholders who have submitted or voted the slate that receives the largest
number of votes. For this purpose, the votes received by each slate shall be divided by one or two or three
depending upon the number of directors to be elected. The quotients, or points, thus obtained shall be
assigned progressively to candidates of each slate in the order given in the slates themselves. The
candidates of all the slates shall be ranked by the points assigned in single list in descending order. Those
who receive the most points shall be elected. In the event that more than one candidate receives the same
number of points, the candidate elected shall be the person from the slate that has not hitherto had a
director elected or that has elected the least number of directors. In the event that none of the slates has yet
b)
E - 5
had a director elected or that all of them have had the same number of directors elected, the candidate
among all such slates who has received the highest number of votes shall be elected. In the event of equal
slate votes and equal points, the entire Shareholders’ Meeting shall vote again and the candidate elected
shall be the person who receives a simple majority of the votes;
if the minimum number of independent directors required under these By-laws has not been elected
following the above procedure, the points to be assigned to the candidates draw from the slates shall be
calculated by dividing the number of votes received by each slate by the ordinal number of each of these
candidates; the candidates who do not meet the requirements of independence with the fewest points from
among the candidates drawn from all of the slates shall be replaced, starting from the last, by the
independent candidates, from the same slate as the replaced candidate (following the order in which they
are listed), otherwise by persons meeting the independence requirements appointed in accordance with the
procedure set out in letter d). In cases where candidates from different lists have received the same number
of points, the candidate from the slate from which the largest number of directors has been drawn or,
subordinately, the candidate drawn from the slate receiving the lowest number of votes, or, in the event of
a tie vote, the candidate that receives the fewest votes of the Shareholders’ Meeting in a run-off election,
shall be replaced;
if the application of the procedure set out in letters a) and b) does not permit compliance with the
gender-balance rules, the points to attribute to each candidate drawn from the slate shall be calculated by
dividing the number of votes received by each slate by the ordinal number of each of these candidates; the
candidate of the over-represented gender with the fewest points from among the candidates drawn from all
of the slates shall be replaced, without prejudice to the compliance with the required minimum number of
independent directors, by the member of the less-represented gender who may be listed (with the next
highest ordinal number) on the same slate as the candidate to be replaced, otherwise by a person to be
appointed following the procedure set out in letter d). In cases where candidates from different lists have
received the same minimum number of points, the candidate from the slate from which the largest number
of directors has been drawn or, subordinately, the candidate drawn from the slate receiving the fewest
number of votes, or, in the event of a tie vote, the candidate that receives the fewest votes of the
Shareholders’ Meeting in a run-off election, shall be replaced; and
to appoint directors who for any reason were not appointed pursuant to the above procedures, the
Shareholders’ Meeting shall resolve, with the majorities required by law, to ensure that the composition of
the Board of Directors complies with applicable law and the By-laws.
c)
c-bis)
d)
The slate voting procedure shall apply only to the election of the entire Board of Directors.
17.4 The Shareholders’ Meeting may, during the Board’s term of office, change the number of members of the Board
of Directors, within the limits established in the first paragraph of this Article, and make the related appointments.
The terms of directors so elected shall expire at the same time as those of the directors already in office.
17.5 If, during the year, the office of one or more directors should be vacated, he/she shall be replaced in accordance
with Article 2386 of the Italian Civil Code (with exception of the director appointed pursuant to Article 6.2 letter
d) of these By-laws). In any case, compliance with the required minimum number of independent directors and the
applicable rules concerning gender balance shall not be affected.
If a majority of the directors should vacate their offices, the entire Board shall be considered to have resigned, and
the Board shall promptly call a Shareholders’ Meeting to elect a new Board.
17.6 The Board may establish internal committees to provide advice and proposals on specific issues.
ARTICLE 18
18.1 If the Shareholders’ Meeting has not appointed a Chairman, the Board shall elect one from among its members.
The director appointed pursuant to Article 6.2, letter d) of the By-laws cannot be appointed as Chairman.
18.2 The Board, acting upon a proposal of the Chairman, shall appoint a Secretary, who need not be affiliated with the
Company.
ARTICLE 19
19.1 The Board shall meet in the place indicated in the meeting notice whenever the Chairman or, in the event of his
absence or impediment, the Chief Executive Officer deems necessary, or when a written request has been made by
the majority of its members. The Board of Directors may also be convened pursuant to Article 28.4 of these
By-laws. The meetings of the Board of Directors may be held by video or teleconference on the condition that all
of the participants in the meeting can be identified and that all can follow and participate in real time in the
discussion of the matters being addressed. The meeting shall be considered duly held in the place where the
Chairman and the Secretary are present.
19.2 Notice shall normally be given at least five days in advance of the meeting. In urgent circumstances, the period of
notice may be shorter. The Board of Directors shall decide how its meetings are to be convened.
19.3 The Board of Directors shall also be convened when so requested by at least two directors or by one director if the
Board consists of three directors, to decide on a specific matter deemed to be of particular importance regarding
the management of the Company. Said matter shall be specified in the request.
E - 6
ARTICLE 20
20.1 The Chairman of the Board or, in his absence, the eldest director in attendance shall chair the meeting.
ARTICLE 21
21.1 For a Board meeting to be valid, a majority of serving directors with voting rights must be present.
21.2 Resolutions shall be approved by a majority of the votes of the directors with voting rights present; in the event of
a tie, the person who chairs the meeting shall have a casting vote.
ARTICLE 22
22.1 The resolutions of the Board of Directors shall be registered in the minutes, which shall be recorded in a book kept
for that purpose pursuant to the provisions of law, and said minutes shall signed by the Chairman of the meeting
and by the Secretary.
22.2 Copies of the minutes shall be considered bona fide if they are signed by the Chairman or the person acting in
place of the Chairman and countersigned by the Secretary.
ARTICLE 23
23.1 The Board of Directors is invested with the fullest powers for the ordinary and extraordinary management of the
Company and, in particular, has the power to perform all acts it deems advisable for the implementation and
achievement of the corporate purpose, with the sole exception of acts that the law or these By-laws reserve to the
Shareholders’ Meeting.
23.2 The Board of Directors shall decide the following matters:
-
-
-
the merger and proportional demerger of companies in which the Company owns shares or other equity
holdings representing at least 90% of the share capital;
the establishment and closing of branches; and
the amendment of the By-laws to comply with the provisions of law.
23.3 The Board of Directors and the Chief Executive Officer shall promptly report to the Board of Statutory Auditors
at least every three months and in any event at the time of the meetings of the Board of Directors, on the activity
carried out and on the transactions with the most significant impact on performance and the financial position
carried out by the Company and its subsidiaries. In particular they shall report to the Board of Statutory Auditors
those transactions in which they have an interest, either on their own behalf or on behalf of third parties.
ARTICLE 24
24.1 The Board of Directors may delegate its powers to one of its members with the exception of the director appointed
pursuant to Article 6.2, letter d) of these By-laws, within the limits set forth in Article 2381 of the Italian Civil
Code. The Board may, in addition, delegate powers to the Chairman to identify and promote integrated projects
and international agreements of strategic importance. The Board of Directors may revoke delegated powers at any
time, proceeding, in the case of revocation of the powers delegated to the Chief Executive Officer, to appoint
another Chief Executive Officer at the same time. The Board of Directors, acting upon a proposal of the Chairman
and in agreement with the Chief Executive Officer, may confer powers for individual acts or categories of acts on
other members of the Board of Directors with the exception of the director appointed pursuant to Article 6.2, letter
d) of these By-laws. The Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer, within the limits of the authority attributed to
them, may delegate and empower Company employees or third parties to represent the Company for individual
acts or specific categories of acts.
Further, acting upon proposal of the Chief Executive Officer and in agreement with the Chairman, the Board of
Directors may also appoint one or more General Managers (Chief Operating Officers) and determine the powers
to be conferred on them, once it has been ascertained that they fulfill the integrity requirements set by law. The
Board of Directors shall periodically check the continuing compliance with integrity requirements of the General
Managers (Chief Operating Officers). Failure to satisfy these requirements shall result in disqualification from the
position.
Acting upon a proposal of the Chief Executive Officer, in agreement with the Chairman and with the approval of
the Board of Statutory Auditors, the Board of Directors shall appoint the Officer responsible for preparing
financial reporting documents.
The Officer responsible for preparing financial reporting documents shall be selected from among those persons
who, for at least three years, have performed:
a) administration, control or management activities in companies listed on regulated stock exchanges in Italy or
other European Union countries or other OECD countries with a share capital of no less than (cid:1)2 million; or
b) statutory audit activities in companies indicated in letter a) above; or
c) professional activities or university teaching activities in the financial or accounting sectors; or
d) management functions in public or private entities with financial, accounting or control expertise.
The Board of Directors shall ensure that the Officer responsible for preparing the financial reporting documents
has adequate powers and means to perform the duties of the position and that administrative and accounting
procedures are being followed.
E - 7
ARTICLE 25
25.1 The Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer are severally vested with powers of legal representation of the
Company before any judicial or administrative authority and with respect to third parties and exercise signature
powers on behalf of the Company.
ARTICLE 26
26.1 The Chairman and the members of the Board of Directors shall be entitled to compensation to be determined by
the ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting. Said resolution, once taken, shall remain valid for subsequent financial years
until the Shareholders’ Meeting should decide otherwise.
ARTICLE 27
27.1 The Chairman:
a) represents the Company pursuant to Article 25.1;
b) chairs the Shareholders’ Meeting pursuant to Article 15.1;
c) calls and chairs meetings of the Board of Directors pursuant to Articles 19.1 and 20.1;
d) verifies that Board resolutions are implemented; and
e) exercises the powers delegated to him by the Board of Directors pursuant to Article 24.1.
Part VI – The Board of Statutory Auditors
ARTICLE 28
28.1 The Board of Statutory Auditors shall consist of five standing members and two alternate members, chosen from
among persons who satisfy the professional and integrity requirements established by the Ministry of Justice
Decree No. 162 of March 30, 2000.
Pursuant to the afore mentioned decree, the fields closely connected with the business of the Company are:
commercial law, business economics and corporate finance.
Similarly, the sectors closely connected with the business of the Company are engineering and geology.
The Statutory Auditors may be appointed as members of the administrative and control bodies of other companies
within the limits set by Consob regulations.
28.2 The Board of Statutory Auditors shall be appointed by the Shareholders’ Meeting on the basis of slates presented
by shareholders. The candidates shall be listed on the slates in numerical order in a number no greater than the
number of members of the body to be appointed.
The procedures set out in Article 17.3 and the provisions issued in Consob regulations shall apply to the
submission, filing and publication of candidate slates.
Slates shall be divided into two sections: the first containing candidates for appointment as standing Statutory
Auditors and the second containing candidates for appointment as alternate Statutory Auditors. At least the first
candidate in each section must be entered in the register of auditors and have carried out statutory audit activities
for no less than three years.
Slates that, considering both sections together, contain three or more candidates shall include, in the section for
standing Statutory Auditors, candidates of both genders, as specified in the notice calling the Shareholders’
Meeting, in order to comply with the applicable gender-balance legislation. If the section for alternate Statutory
Auditors on these slates contains two candidates, they must be of different genders. When the number of members
of the less-represented gender must, by law, be at least one, such requirement shall apply only to slates competing
to appoint the majority of the members of the Board of Statutory Auditors.
Three standing Statutory Auditors and one alternate Statutory Auditor shall be drawn from the slate that receives
the majority of votes. The other two standing Statutory Auditors and the other alternate Statutory Auditor shall be
appointed using the procedures set out in Article 17.3, letter b) of the By-laws. Said procedures shall be applied
separately to each section of the other slates.
The Shareholders’ Meeting shall appoint the Chairman of the Board of Statutory Auditors from among the
standing Statutory Auditors appointed in accordance with Article 17.3 letter b) of these By-laws.
Where the application of the procedure set out above does not permit compliance with the gender-balance rules
for standing Statutory Auditors, the points to attribute to each candidate drawn from the standing Statutory
Auditor sections of the various slates shall be calculated by dividing the number of votes received by each slate by
the ordinal number of each of these candidates; the candidate of the over-represented gender with the fewest
points from among the candidates drawn from all of the slates shall be replaced by the member of the
less-represented gender who may be listed (with the next highest ordinal number) in the standing Statutory
Auditor section on the same slate as the candidate to be replaced or, subordinately, in the alternate Statutory
Auditor section of the same slate as the candidate to be replaced (in such case, the latter shall take the position of
the alternate candidate that replaces him/her). If this does not permit compliance with the gender-balance rules,
he/she shall be replaced by a person chosen by the Shareholders’ Meeting with the majority required by law, so as
to ensure that the membership of the Board of Statutory Auditors complies with the law and the By-laws. In cases
where candidates from different lists have received the same number of points, the candidate from the slate from
which the largest number of Statutory Auditors has been drawn or, subordinately, the candidate drawn from the
E - 8
slate receiving the fewest number of votes, or, in the event of a tie vote, the candidate that receives the fewest
votes of the Shareholders’ Meeting in a run-off election, shall be replaced.
For the appointment of Statutory Auditors who, for any reason, are not appointed using the above procedures, the
Shareholders’ Meeting shall resolve, with the majorities required by law, in such a manner as to ensure that the
membership of the Board of Statutory Auditors complies with the law and the By-laws.
The slate voting procedure shall apply only in case of appointment of the entire Board of Statutory Auditors.
Should a standing Statutory Auditor from the slate that received a majority of the votes be replaced, the
replacement shall be the alternate Statutory Auditor from the same slate; should a standing Statutory Auditor from
other slates be replaced, the replacement shall be the alternate Statutory Auditor from those other slates. If the
replacement results in non-compliance with gender-balance rules, the Shareholders’ Meeting shall be called as
soon as possible to approve the necessary resolutions to ensure compliance.
28.3 Statutory Auditors may be re-elected.
28.4 Subject to prior notification of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Board of Statutory Auditors may call
Shareholders’ Meetings and meetings of the Board of Directors. The power to call a meeting of the Board of
Directors may be exercised individually by each member of the Board of Statutory Auditors; at least two Statutory
Auditors are required to call Shareholders’ Meetings.
The meetings of the Board of Statutory Auditors may be held by video or teleconference on the condition that all
of the participants in the meetings can be identified and that all can follow and participate in real time in the
discussion of the matters being addressed. The meeting shall be considered duly held in the place where the
Chairman and the Secretary are present.
Part VII – Financial Statements and Profits
ARTICLE 29
29.1 The Company’s financial year ends on December 31 of each year.
29.2 At the end of each financial year, the Board of Directors shall prepare the Company financial statements in
compliance with the provisions of law.
29.3 The Board of Directors may distribute interim dividends to the shareholders during the financial year.
ARTICLE 30
30.1 Entitlement to dividends not collected within five years of the day on which they become payable shall lapse in
favor of the Company and such dividends shall be allocated to reserves.
Part VIII – Winding Up and Liquidation of the Company
ARTICLE 31
31.1 In the event the Company is wound up, the Shareholders’ Meeting shall decide the manner of its liquidation and
appoint one or more liquidators, establishing their powers and remuneration.
Part IX – General Provisions
ARTICLE 32
32.1 For all matters not expressly governed by these By-laws, the Italian Civil Code and applicable special laws shall
apply.
32.2 Pursuant to Article 3, paragraph 2, of Decree-Law No. 332 of May 31, 1994, ratified with amendments by Law
No. 474 of July 30, 1994, Article 6.1, paragraph 6, of these By-laws shall not apply to the shareholdings owned by
the Ministry of the Economy and Finance, public entities or entities they control.
ARTICLE 33
33.1 The Company retains all legal relationships in respect of assets and liabilities held by the public agency Ente
Nazionale Idrocarburi before its transformation.
ARTICLE 34
34.1 The provisions of Articles 17.3, 17.5 and 28.2 directed to ensure compliance with applicable gender-balance
legislation shall apply to the first three elections of the Board of Directors and Board of Statutory Auditors after
August 12, 2012.
E - 9
EXHIBIT 8
See “Item 18 – note 44 – Subsidiaries, joint arrangements and associates – Information on Eni’s subsidiaries as of
December 31, 2013 – of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements”.
E - 10
EXHIBIT 11
Code of Ethics
Approved by the Board of Directors of Eni SpA on March 14, 2008
The English text is a translation of the Italian official “Code of Ethics”
For any conflict or discrepancies between the two texts the Italian text shall prevail
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword
I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES: SUSTAINABILITY AND CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
II. BEHAVIOUR RULES AND RELATIONS WITH STAKEHOLDERS
1. Ethics, transparency, fairness, professionalism
2. Relations with shareholders and with the Market
2.1. Value for shareholders, efficiency, transparency
2.2. Self-Regulatory Code
2.3. Company information
2.4. Privileged information
2.5. Media
3. Relations with institutions, associations, local communities
3.1. Authorities and Public Institutions
3.2. Political organizations and trade unions
3.3. Development of local communities
3.4. Promotion of “non-profit” activities
4. Relations with customers and suppliers
4.1. Customers and consumers
4.2. Suppliers and external collaborators
5. Eni’s management, employees, collaborators
5.1. Development and protection of Human Resources
5.2. Knowledge Management
5.3. Corporate security
5.4. Harassment or mobbing in the workplace
5.5. Abuse of alcohol or drugs and no smoking
III. TOOLS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE CODE OF ETHICS
1. System of internal control
1.1. Conflicts of interest
1.2. Transparency of accounting records
2. Health, safety, environment and public safety protection
3. Research, innovation and intellectual property protection
4. Confidentiality
4.1. Protection of business secret
4.2. Protection of privacy
4.3. Membership in associations, participation in initiatives, events or external meetings
IV. CODE OF ETHICS SCOPE OF APPLICATION AND REFERENCE STRUCTURES
1. Obligation to know the Code and to report any possible violation thereof
2. Reference structures and supervision
2.1. Guarantor of the Code of Ethics
2.2. Code Promotion Team
3. Code review
4. Contractual value of the Code
E - 11
FOREWORD
Eni1 is an internationally oriented industrial group which, because of its size and the importance of its activities,
plays a significant role in the marketplace and in the economic development and welfare of the individuals who work or
collaborate with Eni and of the communities where it is present.
The complexity of the situations in which Eni operates, the challenges of sustainable development and the need to
take into consideration the interests of all people having a legitimate interest in the corporate business (“Stakeholders”),
strengthen the importance to clearly define the values that Eni accepts, acknowledges and shares as well as the
responsibilities it assumes, contributing to a better future for everybody.
For this reason the new Eni’s Code of Ethics (“Code” or “Code of Ethics”) has been devised.
Compliance with the Code by Eni’s directors, statutory auditors, management and employees as well as by all
those who operate in Italy and abroad for achieving Eni’s objectives (“Eni’s People”), each within their own functions
and responsibilities, is of paramount importance – also pursuant to legal and contractual provisions governing the
relationship with Eni – for Eni’s efficiency, reliability and reputation, which are all crucial factors for its success and for
improving the social situation in which Eni operates.
Eni undertakes to promote knowledge of the Code among Eni’s People and the other Stakeholders, and to accept
their constructive contribution to the Code’s principles and contents. Eni undertakes to take into consideration any
suggestions and remarks of Stakeholders, with the objective of confirming or integrating the Code.
Eni carefully checks for compliance with the Code by providing suitable information, prevention and control tools
and ensuring transparency in all transactions and behaviours by taking corrective measures if and as required.
The Watch Structure of each Eni company performs the functions of guarantor of the Code of Ethics
(“Guarantor”).
The Code is brought to the attention of every person or body having business relations with Eni.
(1) “Eni” means Eni SpA and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, in Italy and abroad.
E - 12
I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES: SUSTAINABILITY AND CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
Compliance with the law, regulations, statutory provisions, self-regulatory codes, ethical integrity and fairness, is a
constant commitment and duty of all Eni’s People, and characterizes the conduct of Eni’s entire organization.
Eni’s business and corporate activities has to be carried out in a transparent, honest and fair way, in good faith, and
in full compliance with competition protection rules.
Eni undertakes to maintain and strengthen a governance system in line with international best practice standards,
able to deal with the complex situations in which Eni operates, and with the challenges to face for sustainable
development.
Systematic methods for involving Stakeholders are adopted, fostering dialogue on sustainability and corporate
responsibility.
In conducting both its activities as an international company and those with its partners, Eni stands up for the
protection and promotion of human rights – inalienable and fundamental prerogatives of human beings and basis for the
establishment of societies founded on principles of equality, solidarity, repudiation of war, and for the protection of
civil and political rights, of social, economic and cultural rights and the so-called third generation rights
(self-determination right, right to peace, right to development and protection of the environment).
Any form of discrimination, corruption, forced or child labor is rejected. Particular attention is paid to the
acknowledgement and safeguarding of the dignity, freedom and equality of human beings, to protection of labor and of
the freedom of trade union association, of health, safety, the environment and biodiversity, as well as the set of values
and principles concerning transparency, energy efficiency and sustainable development, in accordance with
International Institutions and Conventions.
In this respect Eni operates within the reference framework of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, the Fundamental Conventions of the ILO – International Labor Organization – and the OECD Guidelines on
Multinational Enterprises.
All Eni’s People, without any distinction or exception whatsoever, respect the principles and contents of the Code
in their actions and behaviours while performing their functions and according to their responsibilities, because
compliance with the Code is fundamental for the quality of their working and professional performance. Relationships
among Eni’s People, at all levels, must be characterized by honesty, fairness, cooperation, loyalty and mutual respect.
The belief that one is acting in favor or to the advantage of Eni can never, in any way, justify – not even in part –
any behaviours that conflict with the principles and contents of the Code.
II. BEHAVIOUR RULES AND RELATIONS WITH STAKEHOLDERS
1. ETHICS, TRANSPARENCY, FAIRNESS, PROFESSIONALISM
In conducting its business, Eni is inspired by and complies with the principles of loyalty, fairness, transparency,
efficiency and an open market, regardless of the importance level of the transaction in question.
Any action, transaction and negotiation performed and, generally, the conduct of Eni’s People in the performance
of their duties is inspired by the highest principles of fairness, completeness and transparency of information and
legitimacy, both in form and substance, as well as clarity and truthfulness of all accounting documents, in compliance
with the applicable laws in force and internal regulations.
All Eni’s activities have to be performed with the utmost care and professional skill, with the duty to provide skills
and expertise adequate to the tasks assigned, and to act in a way capable to protect Eni’s image and reputation.
Corporate objectives, as well as the proposal and implementation of projects, investments and actions, have to be aimed
at improving the Company’s assets, management, technological and information level in the long term, and at creating
value and welfare for all Stakeholders.
Bribes, illegitimate favours, collusion, requests for personal benefits for oneself or others, either directly or through
third parties, are prohibited without any exception.
It is prohibited to pay or offer, directly or indirectly, money and material benefits and other advantages of any kind
to third parties, whether representatives of governments, public officers and public servants or private employees, in
order to influence or remunerate the actions of their office.
Commercial courtesy, such as small gifts or forms of hospitality, is only allowed when its value is small and it
does not compromise the integrity and reputation of either party, and cannot be construed by an impartial observer as
aimed at obtaining undue advantages. In any case, these expenses must always be authorized by the designated
managers as per existing internal rules, and be accompanied by appropriate documentation.
It is forbidden to accept money from individuals or companies that have or intend to have business relations with
Eni. Anyone who receives proposals of gifts or special or hospitality treatment that cannot be considered as commercial
courtesy of small value, or requests therefore by third parties, shall reject them and immediately inform their superior,
or the body they belong to, as well as the Guarantor.
Eni shall properly inform all third parties about the commitments and obligations provided for in the Code, require
third parties to respect the principles of the Code relevant to their activities and take proper internal actions and, if the
matter is within its own competence, external actions in the event that any third party should fail to comply with the
Code.
E - 13
2. RELATIONS WITH SHAREHOLDERS AND WITH THE MARKET
2.1.Value for shareholders, efficiency, transparency
The internal structure of Eni and the relations with the parties directly and indirectly taking part in its activities are
organized according to rules able to ensure management reliability and a fair balance between the management’s
powers and the interests of shareholders and of the other Stakeholders in general as well as transparency and market
traceability of management decisions and general corporate events which may considerably influence the market value
of the financial instruments issued.
Within the framework of the initiatives aimed at maximizing the value for shareholders and at guaranteeing
transparency of the management’s work, Eni defines, implements and progressively adjusts a coordinated and
homogeneous set of behaviour rules concerning both its internal organizational structure and relations with shareholders
and third parties, in compliance with the highest corporate governance standards at national and international level,
based on the awareness that the Company’s capacity to impose efficient and effective functioning rules upon itself is a
fundamental tool for strengthening its reputation in terms of reliability and transparency as well as Stakeholders’ trust.
Eni deems it necessary that shareholders are enabled to participate in decisions which come within the limits of
their competence and make informed choices. Therefore, Eni undertakes to ensure maximum transparency and
timeliness of information communicated to shareholders and to the market – by means of the corporate internet site, too
– in compliance with the laws and regulations applicable to listed companies. Moreover, Eni undertakes to keep in due
consideration the legitimate remarks expressed by shareholders whenever they are entitled to do so.
2.2. Self-Regulatory Code
The main corporate governance rules of Eni are contained in the Self-Regulatory Code of Eni SpA, adopted in
compliance with the Code promoted by Borsa Italiana SpA, which is referred to herein as far as applicable.
2.3. Company information
Eni ensures the correct management of company information, by means of suitable procedures for in-house
management and communication to the outside.
2.4. Privileged information
All Eni’s People are required, while performing the tasks entrusted to them, to properly manage privileged
information such as to know and comply with corporate procedures referring to market abuse. Insider trading and any
behaviour that may promote insider trading are expressly forbidden. In any case, the purchase or sale of shares of Eni or
of companies outside Eni shall always be based on absolute and transparent fairness.
2.5. Media
Eni undertakes to provide outside parties with true, prompt, transparent and accurate information.
Relations with the media are exclusively dealt with by the departments and managers specifically appointed to do
so; information to be supplied to media representatives, as well as the undertaking to provide such information, have to
be agreed upon beforehand by Eni’s People with the relevant Eni Corporate structure.
3. RELATIONS WITH INSTITUTIONS, ASSOCIATIONS, LOCAL COMMUNITIES
Eni encourages dialogue with Institutions and with organized associations of civil society in all the countries where
it operates.
3.1. Authorities and Public Institutions
Eni, through its People, actively and fully cooperates with Authorities.
Eni’s People, as well as external collaborators whose actions may somehow be referred to Eni, must have
behaviours towards the Public Administration characterized by fairness, transparency and traceability. These relations
have to be exclusively dealt with by the departments and individuals specifically appointed to do so, in compliance with
approved plans and corporate procedures.
The departments of the subsidiaries concerned shall coordinate with the relevant Eni Corporate structure for
assessing the quality of the interventions to be carried out and for the sharing, implementing and monitoring of their
actions.
It is forbidden to make, induce or encourage false statements to Authorities.
3.2. Political organizations and trade unions
Eni does not make any direct or indirect contributions in whatever form to political parties, movements,
committees, political organizations and trade unions, nor to their representatives and candidates, except those
specifically contemplated by applicable laws and regulations.
E - 14
3.3. Development of local communities
Eni is committed to actively contribute to promoting the quality of life, the socio-economic development of the
communities where Eni operates and to the development of their human resources and capabilities, while conducting its
business activities according to standards that are compatible with fair commercial practices.
Eni’s activities are carried out in the awareness of the social responsibility that Eni has towards all of its
Stakeholders and in particular the local communities in which it operates, in the belief that the capacity for dialogue and
interaction with civil society constitutes an important asset for the company. Eni respects the cultural, economic and
social rights of the local communities in which it operates and undertakes to contribute, as far as possible, to their
exercise, with particular reference to the right to adequate nutrition, drinking water, the highest achievable level of
physical and mental health, decent dwellings, education, abstaining from actions that may hinder or prevent the exercise
of such rights.
Eni promotes transparency of the information addressed to local communities, with particular reference to the
topics that they are most interested in. Forms of continuous and informed consultancy are either promoted, through the
relevant Eni structures, in order to take into due consideration the legitimate expectations of local communities in
conceiving and conducting corporate activities and in order to promote a proper redistribution of the profits deriving
from such activities.
Eni, therefore, undertakes to promote the knowledge of its corporate values and principles, at every level of its
organization, also through adequate control procedures, and to protect the rights of local communities, with particular
reference to their culture, institutions, ties and life styles.
Within the framework of their respective responsibilities, Eni’s People are required to participate in the definition
of single initiatives in compliance with Eni’s policies and intervention programs, to implement them according to
criteria of absolute transparency and support them as an integral part of Eni’s objectives.
3.4. Promotion of “non-profit” activities
The philanthropic activity of Eni is in line with its vision and attention to sustainable development.
Therefore, Eni undertakes to foster and support, as well as to promote among its People, its “non-profit” activities
which demonstrate the Company’s commitment to help meet the needs of those communities where it operates.
4. RELATIONS WITH CUSTOMERS AND SUPPLIERS
4.1. Customers and consumers
Eni pursues its business success on markets by offering quality products and services under competitive conditions
while respecting the rules protecting fair competition.
Eni undertakes to respect the right of consumers not to receive products harmful to their health and physical
integrity and to get complete information on the products offered to them.
Eni acknowledges that the esteem of those requesting products or services is of primary importance for success in
business. Business policies are aimed at ensuring the quality of goods and services, safety and compliance with the
precautionary principle. Therefore, Eni’s People shall:
•
•
•
comply with in-house procedures concerning the management of relations with customers and consumers;
supply, with efficiency and courtesy, within the limits set by the contractual conditions, high-quality products
meeting the reasonable expectations and needs of customers and consumers; and
supply accurate and exhaustive information on products and services and be truthful in advertisements or other
kind of communication, so that customers and consumers can make informed decisions.
4.2. Suppliers and external collaborators
Eni undertakes to look for suppliers and external collaborators with suitable professionalism and committed to
sharing the principles and contents of the Code and promotes the establishment of long-lasting relations for the
progressive improvement of performances while protecting and promoting the principles and contents of the Code.
In relationships regarding tenders, procurement and, generally, the supply of goods and/or services and of external
collaborations (including consultants, agents, etc.), Eni’s People shall:
•
•
•
•
follow internal procedures concerning selection and relations with suppliers and external collaborators and
abstain from excluding any supplier meeting requirements from bidding for Eni’s orders; adopt appropriate
and objective selection methods, based on established, transparent criteria;
secure the cooperation of suppliers and external collaborators in guaranteeing the continuous satisfaction of
Eni’s customers and consumers, to an extent adequate to that legitimately expected by them, in terms of
quality, costs and delivery times;
use as much as possible, in compliance with the laws in force and the criteria for legality of transactions with
related parties, products and services supplied by Eni companies at arm’s length and market conditions;
state in contracts the Code acknowledgement and the obligation to comply with the principles contained
therein;
comply with, and demand compliance with, the conditions contained in contracts;
•
• maintain a frank and open dialogue with suppliers and external collaborators in line with good commercial
practice; promptly inform superiors, and the Guarantor, about any possible violations of the Code; and
E - 15
•
inform the relevant Eni Corporate structure about any serious problems that may arise with a particular
supplier or external collaborator, in order to evaluate possible consequences for Eni.
The remuneration to be paid shall be exclusively proportionate to the services to be rendered and described in the
contract and payments shall not be allowed to any party different from the contract party nor in a third Country different
from the one of the parties or where the contract has to be performed.
5. ENI’S MANAGEMENT, EMPLOYEES, COLLABORATORS
5.1. Development and protection of Human Resources
People are basic components in the Company’s life. The dedication and professionalism of management and
employees represent fundamental values and conditions for achieving Eni’s objectives.
Eni is committed to developing the abilities and skills of management and employees so that their energy and
creativity can have full expression for the fulfilment of their potential in their working performance, such as to protect
working conditions as regards both mental and physical health and dignity. Undue pressure or discomfort is not
allowed, while appropriate working conditions promoting development of personality and professionalism are fostered.
Eni undertakes to offer, in full compliance with applicable legal and contractual provisions, equal opportunities to
all its employees, making sure that each of them receives a fair statutory and wage treatment exclusively based on merit
and expertise, without discrimination of any kind. Competent departments shall:
•
•
•
adopt in any situation criteria of merit and ability (and anyhow strictly professional) in all decisions concerning
human resources;
select, hire, train, compensate and manage human resources without discrimination of any kind; and
create a working environment where personal characteristics or beliefs do not give rise to discrimination and
which allows the serenity of all Eni’s People.
Eni wishes that Eni’s People, at every level, cooperate in maintaining a climate of common respect for a person’s
dignity, honour and reputation. Eni shall do its best to prevent attitudes that can be considered as offensive,
discriminatory or abusive. In this regard, any behaviours outside the working place which are particularly offensive to
public sensitivity are also deemed relevant.
In any case, any behaviours constituting physical or moral violence are forbidden without any exception.
5.2. Knowledge Management
Eni promotes culture and the initiatives aimed at disseminating knowledge within its structures, and at pointing out
the values, principles, behaviours and contributions in terms of innovation of professional families in connection with
the development of business activities and to the company’s sustainable growth.
Eni undertakes to offer tools for interaction among the members of professional families, working groups and
communities of practice, as well as for coordination and access to know-how, and shall promote initiatives for the
growth, dissemination and systematization of knowledge relating to the core competences of its structures and aimed at
defining a reference framework suitable for guaranteeing operating consistency.
All Eni’s People shall actively contribute to Knowledge Management as regards the activities that they are in
charge of, in order to optimize the system for knowledge sharing and distribution among individuals.
5.3. Corporate security
Eni engages in the study, development and implementation of strategies, policies and operational plans aimed at
preventing and overcoming any intentional or non-intentional behaviour which may cause direct or indirect damage to
Eni’s People and/or to the tangible and intangible resources of the Company. Preventive and defensive measures, aimed
at minimizing the need for an active response – always in proportion to the attack – to threats to people and assets, are
favored.
All Eni’s People shall actively contribute to maintaining an optimal corporate security standard, abstaining from
unlawful or dangerous behaviours, and reporting any possible activities carried out by third parties to the detriment of
Eni’s assets or human resources to superiors or to the body they belong to, as well as to the relevant Eni Corporate
structure.
In any case requiring particular attention to personal safety, it is compulsory to strictly follow the indications in
this regard supplied by Eni, abstaining from behaviours which may endanger one’s own safety or the safety of others,
promptly reporting any danger for one’s own safety, or the safety of third parties, to one’s superior.
5.4. Harassment or mobbing in the workplace
Eni supports any initiatives aimed at implementing working methods for the achievement of a better organization.
Eni demands that there shall be no harassment or mobbing behaviours in personal working relationships either
inside or outside the Company. Such behaviours are all forbidden, without exceptions, and are:
•
•
•
the creation of an intimidating, hostile, isolating or in any case discriminatory environment for individual
employees or groups of employees;
unjustified interference in the work performed by others; and
the placing of obstacles in the way of the work prospects and expectations of others merely for reasons of
personal competitiveness or because of other employees.
E - 16
Any form of violence or harassment, either sexual harassment or harassment based on personal and cultural
diversity, is forbidden. Such harassment is for instance:
•
•
•
•
subordinating decisions on someone’s working life to the acceptance of sexual attentions, or personal and
cultural diversity;
obtaining sexual attentions using the influence of one’s role;
proposing private interpersonal relations despite the recipient’s explicit or reasonably clear distaste; and
alluding to disabilities and physical or psychic impairment, or to forms of cultural, religious or sexual
diversity.
5.5. Abuse of alcohol or drugs and no smoking
All Eni’s People shall personally contribute to promoting and maintaining a climate of common respect in the
workplace; particular attention is paid to respect of the feelings of others.
Eni will therefore consider individuals who work under the effect of alcohol or drugs, or substances with similar
effect, during the performance of their work activities and in the workplace, as being aware of the risk they cause.
Chronic addiction to such substances, when it affects work performance, shall be considered similar to the above
mentioned events in terms of contractual consequences; Eni is committed to favour social action in this field as
provided for by employment contracts.
It is forbidden to:
•
•
hold, consume, offer or give for whatever reason, drugs or substances with similar effect, at work and in the
workplace; and
smoke in the workplace. Eni supports voluntary initiatives addressed to People to help them quit smoking and,
in identifying possible smoking areas, shall take into particular consideration the condition of those suffering
physical discomfort from exposure to smoke in the workplace shared with smokers and requesting to be
protected from “passive smoking” in their place of work.
III. TOOLS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE CODE OF ETHICS
1. SYSTEM OF INTERNAL CONTROL
Eni undertakes to promote and maintain an adequate system of internal control, i.e. all the necessary or useful tools
for addressing, managing and checking activities in the company, aimed at ensuring compliance with corporate laws
and procedures, at protecting corporate assets, efficiently managing activities and providing precise and complete
accounting and financial information.
The responsibility for implementing an effective system of internal control is shared at every level of Eni’s
organizational structure; therefore, all Eni’s People, according to their functions and responsibilities, shall define and
actively participate in the correct functioning of the system of internal control.
Eni promotes the dissemination, at every level of its organization, of policies and procedures characterized by
awareness of the existence of controls and by an informed and voluntary control oriented mentality; consequently, Eni’s
management in the first place and all Eni’s People in any case shall contribute to and participate in Eni’s system of
internal control and, with a positive attitude, involve its collaborators in this respect.
Each employee shall be held responsible for the corporate tangible and intangible assets relevant to his/her job. No
employee can make, or let others make, improper use of assets and equipment belonging to Eni.
Any practices and attitudes linked to the perpetration or to the participation in the perpetration of frauds are
forbidden without any exception.
Control and supervisory bodies, Eni Internal Audit department and appointed auditing companies shall have full
access to all data, documents and information necessary to perform their own relevant activities.
1.1. Conflicts of interest
Eni acknowledges and respects the right of its People to take part in investments, business and other kinds of
activities other than the activity performed in the interest of Eni, provided that such activities are permitted by law and
are compatible with the obligations assumed towards Eni. The Self-Regulatory Code of Eni SpA governs any possible
conflict of interest of directors and statutory auditors of Eni SpA.
Eni’s management and employees shall avoid and report any conflicts of interest between personal and family
economic activities and their tasks within the Company. In particular, everyone shall point out any specific situations
and activities of economic or financial interest (owner or member) to them or, as far as they know, of economic or
financial interest to relatives of theirs or relatives by marriage within the 2nd degree of kinship, or to persons actually
living with them, also involving suppliers, customers, competitors, third parties, or the relevant controlling companies
or subsidiaries, and shall point whether they perform corporate administration or control or management functions
therein.
Moreover, conflicts of interest are determined by the following situations:
•
use of one’s position in the Company, or of information, or of business opportunities acquired during one’s
work, to one’s undue benefit or to the undue benefit of third parties; and
E - 17
•
the performing of any type of work for suppliers, sub-suppliers and competitors by employees and/or their
relatives.
In any case, Eni’s management and employees shall avoid any situation and activity where a conflict with the
Company’s interests may arise, or which can interfere with their ability to make impartial decisions in the best interests
of Eni and in full accordance with the principles and contents of the Code, or in general with their ability to fully
comply with their functions and responsibilities. Any situation that may constitute or give rise to a conflict of interest
shall be immediately reported to one’s superior within management, or to the body one belongs to, and to the
Guarantor. Furthermore, the party concerned shall abstain from taking part in the operational/decision-making process,
and the relevant superior within management, or the relevant body, shall:
•
•
•
identify the operational solutions suitable for ensuring, in the specific case, transparency and fairness of
behaviours in the performance of activities;
transmit to the parties concerned – and for information to one’s superior, as well as to the Guarantor – the
necessary written instructions; and
file the received and transmitted documentation.
1.2. Transparency of accounting records
Accounting transparency is grounded on the use of true, accurate and complete information which form the basis
for the entries in the books of accounts. Each member of Company bodies, of management or employee shall cooperate,
within their own field of competence, in order to have operational events properly and timely registered in the books of
accounts.
It is forbidden to behave in a way that may adversely affect transparency and traceability of the information within
financial statements.
For each transaction, the proper supporting evidence has to be maintained in order to allow:
easy and punctual accounting entries;
•
identification of different levels of responsibility, as well as of task distribution and segregation; and
•
•
accurate representation of the transaction so as to avoid the probability of any material or interpretative error.
Each record shall reflect exactly what is shown by the supporting evidence. All Eni’s People shall cause that the
documentation can be easily traced and filed according to logical criteria.
Eni’s People who become aware of any omissions, forgery, negligence in accounting or in the documents on which
accounting is based, shall bring the facts to the attention of their superior, or to the body they belong to, and to the
Guarantor.
2. HEALTH, SAFETY, ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC SAFETY PROTECTION
Eni’s activities shall be carried out in compliance with applicable worker health and safety, environmental and
public safety protection agreements, international standards and laws, regulations, administrative practices and national
policies of the Countries where it operates.
Eni actively contributes as appropriate to the promotion of scientific and technological development aimed at
protecting the environment and natural resources. The operative management of such activities shall be carried out
according to advanced criteria for the protection of the environment and energy efficiency, with the aim of creating
better working conditions and protecting the health and safety of employees as well as the environment.
Eni’s People shall, within their areas of responsibility, actively participate in the process of risk prevention as well
as environmental, public safety and health protection for themselves, their colleagues and third parties.
3. RESEARCH, INNOVATION AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION
Eni promotes research and innovation activities by management and employees, within their functions and
responsibilities. Any intellectual assets generated by such activities are an important and fundamental heritage of Eni.
Research and innovation focus in particular on the promotion of products, tools, processes and behaviours
supporting energy efficiency, reduction of environmental impact, attention to health and safety of employees, of
customers and of the local communities where Eni operates, and in general sustainability of business activities.
Eni’s People shall actively contribute, within their functions and responsibilities, to managing intellectual property
in order to allow its development, protection and enhancement.
4. CONFIDENTIALITY
4.1. Protection of business secret
Eni’s activities constantly require the acquisition, storing, processing, communication and dissemination of
information, documents and other data regarding negotiations, administrative proceedings, financial transactions, and
know-how (contracts, deeds, reports, notes, studies, drawings, pictures, software, etc.) that may not be disclosed to the
E - 18
outside pursuant to contractual agreements, or whose inopportune or untimely disclosure may be detrimental to
corporate interest.
Without prejudice to the transparency of the activities carried out and to the information obligations imposed by
the provisions in force, Eni’s People shall ensure the confidentiality required by the circumstances for each piece of
news they have got to know of because of their working function.
Any information, knowledge and data acquired or processed during one’s work or because of one’s tasks at Eni,
belong to Eni and may not be used, communicated or disclosed without specific authorization of one’s superior within
management in compliance with specific procedures.
4.2. Protection of privacy
Eni is committed to protecting information concerning its People and third parties, whether generated or obtained
inside Eni or in the conduct of Eni’s business, and to avoiding improper use of any such information.
Eni intends to guarantee that processing of personal data within its structures respects fundamental rights and
freedoms, as well as the dignity of the parties concerned, as contemplated by the legal provisions in force.
Personal data must be processed in a lawful and fair way and, in any case, the data collected and stored is only that
which is necessary for certain, explicit and lawful purposes. Data shall be stored for a period of time no longer than
necessary for the purposes of collection.
Eni undertakes moreover to adopt suitable preventive safety measures for all databases storing and keeping
personal data, in order to avoid any risks of destruction and losses or of unauthorized access or unallowed processing.
Eni’s People shall:
•
•
•
•
obtain and process only data that are necessary and adequate to the aims of their work and responsibilities;
obtain and process such data only within specified procedures, and store said data in a way that prevents
unauthorized parties from having access to it;
represent and order data in a way ensuring that any party with access authorization may easily get an outline
thereof which is as accurate, exhausting and truthful as possible; and
disclose such data pursuant to specific procedures or subject to the express authorization by their superior and,
in any case, only after having checked that such data may be disclosed, also making reference to absolute or
relative constraints concerning third parties bound to Eni by a relation of whatever nature and, if applicable,
after having obtained their consent.
4.3. Membership in associations, participation in initiatives, events or external meetings
Membership in associations, participation in initiatives, events or external meetings is supported by Eni if
compatible with the working or professional activity provided. Membership and participation considered as such are:
drawing up of articles, papers and publications in general; and
participation in public events in general.
• membership in associations, participation in conferences, workshops, seminars, courses;
•
•
In this regard, Eni’s management and employees in charge of illustrating, or providing to the outside data or news
concerning Eni’s objectives, aims, results and points of view, shall not only comply with corporate procedures relating
to market abuse, but also obtain the necessary authorization from their superior within management for the lines of
action to follow and the texts as well as reports drawn up, such as to agree on contents with the relevant Eni Corporate
structure.
IV. CODE OF ETHICS SCOPE OF APPLICATION AND REFERENCE STRUCTURES
The principles and contents of the Code apply to Eni’s People and activities.
Any listed subsidiaries and power & gas sector subsidiaries subject to unbundling shall receive the Code and adopt
it, adjusting it – if necessary – to the characteristics of their company, consistently with their management
independence.
The representatives indicated by Eni in the company bodies of partially owned companies, in consortia and in joint
ventures shall promote the principles and contents of the Code within their own respective areas of competence.
Directors and management must be the first to give concrete form to the principles and contents of the Code, by
assuming responsibility for them both towards the inside and the outside and by enhancing trust, cohesion and a sense
of team-work, as well as providing a behaviour model for their collaborators in order to have them comply with the
Code and make questions and suggestions on specific provisions.
To achieve full compliance with the Code, each of Eni’s People may even apply directly to the Guarantor.
1. OBLIGATION TO KNOW THE CODE AND TO REPORT ANY POSSIBLE VIOLATION THEREOF
Each of Eni’s People is expected to know the principles and contents of the Code as well as the reference
procedures governing own functions and responsibilities.
Each of Eni’s People shall:
•
refrain from all conduct contrary to such principles, contents and procedures;
E - 19
•
•
•
•
carefully select, as long as within their field of competence, their collaborators, and have them fully comply
with the Code;
require any third parties having relations with Eni to confirm that they know the Code;
immediately report to their superiors or the body they belong to, and to the Guarantor, any remarks of theirs or
information supplied by Stakeholders concerning a possible violation or any request to violate the Code;
reports of possible violations shall be sent in compliance with conditions provided for by the specific
procedures established by the Board of Statutory Auditors and by the Watch Structure of Eni SpA;
cooperate with the Guarantor and with the relevant departments according to the applicable specific procedures
in ascertaining any violations; and
adopt prompt corrective measures whenever necessary, and in any case prevent any type of retaliation.
•
Eni’s People are not allowed to conduct personal investigations, nor to exchange information, except to their
superiors, or to the body that they belong to, and to the Guarantor. If, after notifying a supposed violation any of Eni’s
People feels that he or she has been subject to retaliation, then he or she may directly apply to the Guarantor.
2. REFERENCE STRUCTURES AND SUPERVISION
Eni is committed to ensuring, even through the Guarantor’s appointment:
•
the widest dissemination of the principles and contents of the Code among Eni’s People and the other
Stakeholders, providing any possible tools for understanding and clarifying the interpretation and the
implementation of the Code, as well as for updating the Code as required to meet evolving civil sensibility and
relevant laws; and
the execution of checks on any notice of violation of the Code principles and contents or of reference
procedures; an objective evaluation of the facts and, if necessary, the adoption of appropriate sanctions; that no
one may suffer any retaliation whatsoever for having provided information regarding possible violations of the
Code or of reference procedures.
•
2.1. Guarantor of the Code of Ethics
The Code of Ethics is, among other things, a compulsory general principle of the Organizational, Management and
Control Model adopted by Eni SpA according to the Italian provision on the “administrative liability of legal entities
deriving from offences” contained in Legislative Decree No. 231 of June 8, 2001.
Eni SpA assigns the functions of Guarantor to the Watch Structure established pursuant to the above mentioned
Model. Each direct or indirect subsidiary, in Italy and abroad, entrusts the function of Guarantor to its own Watch
Structure by formal deed of the relevant corporate body.
The Guarantor is entrusted with the task of:
•
promoting the implementation of the Code and the issue of reference procedures; reporting and proposing to
the CEO of the Company the useful initiatives for a greater dissemination and knowledge of the Code, also in
order to prevent any recurrences of violations;
promoting specific communication and training programs for Eni’s management and employees;
investigating reports of any violation of the Code by initiating proper inquiry procedures; taking action at the
request of Eni’s People in the event of receiving reports that violations of the Code have not been properly
dealt with or in the event of being informed of any retaliation against Eni’s people for having reported
violations; and
notifying relevant structures of the results of investigations relevant to the adoption of possible penalties;
informing the relevant line/area structures about the results of investigations relevant to the adoption of the
necessary measures.
•
•
•
Moreover, the Guarantor of Eni SpA submits to the Internal Control Committee and to the Board of Statutory
Auditors as well as to the Chairman and to the Chief Executive Officer, which report about it to the Board of Directors,
a six-monthly report on the implementation and possible need for updating the Code.
For the performance of its tasks, the Guarantor of Eni SpA avails itself of “Technical Secretariat of the Watch
Structure 231 of Eni SpA” that reports thereto and is supported by the relevant Structures of Eni SpA. The Technical
Secretariat is responsible for starting and maintaining an adequate reporting and communication flow to and from the
Guarantors of subsidiaries.
Each information flow is to be sent to the following email address:
organismo_di_vigilanza@eni.it
2.2. Code Promotion Team
The Code is made available to Eni’s People in compliance with applicable standards, and is also available on the
internet and intranet sites of Eni SpA and of subsidiaries.
In order to promote the knowledge and facilitate the implementation of the Code, a Code Promotion Team
reporting to the Guarantor of Eni SpA has been established. The Team makes available within Eni all possible tools for
understanding and clarifying the interpretation and the implementation of the Code.
The members of the Team are chosen by the Chief Executive Officer of Eni SpA upon proposal of the Guarantor
of Eni SpA.
E - 20
3. CODE REVIEW
The Code review is approved by the Board of Directors of Eni SpA, upon proposal of the Chief Executive Officer
with the agreement of the Chairman, after hearing the opinion of the Board of Statutory Auditors.
The proposal is made taking into consideration the Stakeholders’ evaluation with reference to the principles and
contents of the Code, promoting active contribution and notification of possible deficiencies by Stakeholders
themselves.
4. CONTRACTUAL VALUE OF THE CODE
Respect of the Code’s rules is an essential part of the contractual obligations of all Eni’s People pursuant to and in
accordance with applicable law.
Any violation of the Code’s principles and contents may be considered as a violation of primary obligations under
labour relations or of the rules of discipline and can entail the consequences provided for by law, including termination
of the work contract and compensation for damages arising out of any violation.
E - 21
Certifications as separate documents filed as exhibits
I, Paolo Scaroni, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 20-F of Eni SpA;
Certification
EXHIBIT 12.1
2.
Based on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which
such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report,
fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the
Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report;
4.
The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure
controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control
over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and
have:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and
procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the
Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over
financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in
this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of
the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
Disclosed in this Report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that
occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of
internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the
Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control
over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to
record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a
significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: April 10, 2014
/s/PAOLO SCARONI
Paolo Scaroni
Title: Chief Executive Officer
E - 22
I, Massimo Mondazzi, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 20-F of Eni SpA;
Certification
EXHIBIT 12.2
2.
Based on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which
such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report,
fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the
Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report;
4.
The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure
controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control
over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and
have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and
procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to
the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over
financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in
this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of
the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this Report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that
occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of
internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the
Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control
over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to
record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a
significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: April 10, 2014
/s/ MASSIMO MONDAZZI
Massimo Mondazzi
Title: Chief Financial Officer
E - 23
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
EXHIBIT 13.1
For purposes of 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, the undersigned officer of Eni SpA, a company incorporated under the laws of
Italy (the “Company”), hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:
(i) the Annual Report on Form 20-F of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2013 (the “Report”) fully
complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;
and
(ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and
results of operations of the Company.
Date: April 10, 2014
The foregoing certification is not deemed filed for purpose of Section 18 of the Exchange Act and not incorporated by
reference with any filing under the Securities Act.
/s/PAOLO SCARONI
Paolo Scaroni
Title: Chief Executive Officer
E - 24
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
EXHIBIT 13.2
For purposes of 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, the undersigned officer of Eni SpA, a company incorporated under the laws of
Italy (the “Company”), hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:
(i) the Annual Report on Form 20-F of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2013 (the “Report”) fully
complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;
and
(ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and
results of operations of the Company.
Date: April 10, 2014
The foregoing certification is not deemed filed for purpose of Section 18 of the Exchange Act and not incorporated by
reference with any filing under the Securities Act.
/s/ MASSIMO MONDAZZI
Massimo Mondazzi
Title: Chief Financial Officer
E - 25
EXHIBIT 15.a(i)
DEGOLYER AND MACNAUGHTON
5001 SPRING VALLEY ROAD
SUITE 800 EAST
DALLAS, TEXAS 75244
February 28, 2014
Eni S.p.A.
E&P Division
Ms. Manuela Feudaroli
Vice President, Reserves
Via Emilia 1
20097 San Donato Milanese
Milano, Italy
Dear Ms. Feudaroli:
Pursuant to your request, we have conducted an independent evaluation to
serve as a reserves audit of the net proved crude oil, condensate, liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG), and natural gas reserves, as of December 31, 2013, of certain
properties in Africa, Asia, and Europe in which Eni S.p.A. (Eni) has represented
that it owns an interest. This evaluation was completed on February 28, 2014. Eni
has represented that these properties account for 13.6 percent, on a net equivalent
barrel basis, of Eni’s net proved reserves as of December 31, 2013, and that Eni’s
net proved reserves estimates have been prepared in accordance with the reserves
definitions of Rules 4–10(a) (1)–(32) of Regulation S–X of the Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC) of the United States. We have reviewed information
provided to us by Eni that it represents to be Eni’s estimates of the net reserves, as
of December 31, 2013, for the same properties as those which we have
independently evaluated. This report was prepared in accordance with guidelines
specified in Item 1202 (a)(8) of Regulation S-K and is to be used for inclusion in
certain SEC filings by Eni.
Reserves included herein are expressed as net reserves as represented by Eni.
Gross reserves are defined as the total estimated petroleum to be produced from
these properties after December 31, 2013. Net reserves are defined as that portion
of the gross reserves attributable to the interests owned by Eni after deducting
interests owned by others.
E - 26
DEGOLYER AND MACNAUGHTON
2
Estimates of oil, condensate, LPG, and natural gas should be regarded only as
estimates that may change as further production history and additional information
become available. Not only are such reserves estimates based on that information
which is currently available, but such estimates are also subject to the uncertainties
inherent in the application of judgmental factors in interpreting such information.
Data used in this audit were obtained from reviews with Eni personnel, from
Eni files, from records on file with the appropriate regulatory agencies, and from
public sources. In the preparation of this report we have relied, without independent
verification, upon such information furnished by Eni with respect to property
interests, production from such properties, current costs of operation and
development, current prices for production, agreements relating to current and future
operations and sale of production, and various other information and data that were
accepted as represented. A field examination of the properties was not considered
necessary for the purposes of this report.
Methodology and Procedures
Our estimates of reserves were prepared by the use of appropriate geologic,
petroleum engineering, and evaluation principles and techniques that are in
accordance with practices generally recognized by the petroleum industry as
presented in the publication of the Society of Petroleum Engineers entitled
“Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves
Information (Revision as of February 19, 2007).” The method or combination of
methods used in the analysis of each reservoir was tempered by experience with
similar reservoirs, stage of development, quality and completeness of basic data, and
production history.
When applicable, the volumetric method was used to estimate the original oil in
place (OOIP) and the original gas in place (OGIP). Structure and isopach maps were
constructed to estimate reservoir volume. Electrical logs, radioactivity logs, core
analyses, and other available data were used to prepare these maps as well as to
estimate representative values for porosity and water saturation. When adequate data
were available and when circumstances justified, material balance and other
engineering methods were used to estimate OOIP or OGIP.
E - 27
DEGOLYER AND MACNAUGHTON
3
Estimates of ultimate recovery were obtained after applying recovery factors to
OOIP or OGIP. These recovery factors were based on consideration of the type of
energy inherent in the reservoirs, analyses of the petroleum, the structural positions
of the properties, and the production histories. When applicable, material-balance
and other engineering methods were used to estimate recovery factors. In these
instances, an analysis of reservoir performance, including production rate, reservoir
pressure, and gas-oil ratio behavior, was used in the estimation of reserves.
For depletion-type reservoirs or those whose performance disclosed a reliable
decline in producing-rate trends or other diagnostic characteristics, reserves were
estimated by the application of appropriate decline curves or other performance
relationships. In the analyses of production-decline curves, reserves were estimated
only to the limits of economic production or to the limit of production licenses as
appropriate.
In certain cases, elements of the reserves estimates incorporated information
based on analogy with similar reservoirs where more complete data were available.
Eni has represented that its estimates of condensate and LPG are reported only
in combination, since there is no material effect in reporting the quantities
separately.
Definition of Reserves
Petroleum reserves included in this report are classified as proved. Reserves
classifications used for our estimates of proved reserves are in accordance with the
reserves definitions of Rules 4–10(a) (1)–(32) of Regulation S–X of the SEC. Eni
has represented that its estimates of proved reserves are in accordance with the
reserves definitions of Rules 4–10(a) (1)–(32) of Regulation S–X of the SEC.
Reserves are judged to be economically producible in future years from known
reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions and assuming
continuation of current regulatory practices using known production methods and
equipment. In the analyses of production-decline curves, reserves were estimated
only to the limit of economic rates of production under existing economic and
operating conditions using prices and costs consistent with the effective date of this
report, including consideration of changes in existing prices provided only by
contractual arrangements but not including escalations based upon future conditions.
The petroleum reserves are classified as follows:
E - 28
DEGOLYER AND MACNAUGHTON
4
Proved oil and gas reserves – Proved oil and gas reserves are those
quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering
data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically
producible—from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under
existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government
regulations—prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to
operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably
certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are
used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have
commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will
commence the project within a reasonable time.
(i) The area of the reservoir considered as proved includes:
(A) The area identified by drilling and limited by fluid contacts,
if any, and (B) Adjacent undrilled portions of the reservoir that
can, with reasonable certainty, be judged to be continuous with it
and to contain economically producible oil or gas on the basis of
available geoscience and engineering data.
(ii) In the absence of data on fluid contacts, proved quantities in
a reservoir are limited by the lowest known hydrocarbons (LKH)
as seen in a well penetration unless geoscience, engineering, or
performance data and reliable technology establishes a lower
contact with reasonable certainty.
(iii) Where direct observation from well penetrations has defined
a highest known oil (HKO) elevation and the potential exists for
an associated gas cap, proved oil reserves may be assigned in the
structurally higher portions of the reservoir only if geoscience,
engineering, or performance data and reliable technology
establish the higher contact with reasonable certainty.
(iv) Reserves which can be produced economically through
application of improved recovery techniques (including, but not
limited
the proved
to, fluid
classification when:
injection) are
included
in
E - 29
DEGOLYER AND MACNAUGHTON
5
(A) Successful testing by a pilot project in an area of the
reservoir with properties no more favorable than in the reservoir
as a whole, the operation of an installed program in the reservoir
or an analogous reservoir, or other evidence using reliable
technology establishes
the
engineering analysis on which the project or program was based;
and (B) The project has been approved for development by all
necessary parties and entities, including governmental entities.
reasonable certainty of
the
(v) Existing economic conditions include prices and costs at
which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be
determined. The price shall be the average price during the
12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered
by the report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of
the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within such
period, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements,
excluding escalations based upon future conditions.
Developed oil and gas reserves – Developed oil and gas reserves are
reserves of any category that can be expected to be recovered:
(i) Through existing wells with existing equipment and operating
methods or in which the cost of the required equipment is
relatively minor compared to the cost of a new well; and
(ii) Through installed extraction equipment and infrastructure
operational at the time of the reserves estimate if the extraction
is by means not involving a well.
Undeveloped oil and gas reserves – Undeveloped oil and gas reserves
are reserves of any category that are expected to be recovered from
new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a
relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.
(i) Reserves on undrilled acreage shall be limited to those
that are
directly offsetting development
reasonably certain of production when drilled, unless evidence
spacing areas
E - 30
DEGOLYER AND MACNAUGHTON
6
using reliable technology exists that establishes reasonable
certainty of economic producibility at greater distances.
(ii) Undrilled locations can be classified as having undeveloped
reserves only if a development plan has been adopted indicating
that they are scheduled to be drilled within five years, unless the
specific circumstances justify a longer time.
(iii) Under no circumstances shall estimates for undeveloped
reserves be attributable to any acreage for which an application
of fluid injection or other improved recovery technique is
contemplated, unless such techniques have been proved effective
by actual projects in the same reservoir or an analogous
reservoir, as defined in [section 210.4–10 (a) Definitions], or by
other evidence using reliable technology establishing reasonable
certainty.
Primary Economic Assumptions
The following economic assumptions were used for estimating existing and
future prices and costs related to our estimates of reserves:
Oil, Condensate, and LPG Prices
Eni provided all pricing information, and it has represented that
the provided oil, LPG, and condensate prices were based on a
reference price, calculated as the unweighted arithmetic average
of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within the
12-month period prior to the end of the reporting period, unless
prices are defined by contractual arrangements. A Brent oil price
of 108.00 United States dollars (U.S.$) per barrel (U.S.$/bbl)
was the resulting reference price. Where appropriate, Eni
supplied differentials by field to the relevant reference price, and
the prices were held constant thereafter. The volume-weighted
average prices in this report were as follows:
E - 31
DEGOLYER AND MACNAUGHTON
7
Oil
(U.S.$/bbl)
Condensate
and LPG
(U.S.$/bbl)
108.98
103.61
107.78
51.67
NA
51.67
Africa
Asia
Average for Total
Natural Gas Prices
Eni has represented that the provided natural gas prices were
based on a reference price, calculated as the unweighted
arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each
month within the 12-month period prior to the end of the
reporting period, unless prices are defined by contractual
arrangements. A significant quantity of the gas sold by Eni is
subject to contract prices, and the range of such prices is varied.
A reference price is the United Kingdom National Balancing
Point Index, which was U.S.$10.95 per thousand cubic feet.
Where appropriate, Eni supplied differentials by field to the
relevant reference price and the prices were held constant
thereafter. The volume-weighted average gas prices in this report
were as follows, expressed in United States dollars per thousand
cubic feet (U.S.$/Mcf):
Gas
(U.S.$/Mcf)
2.66
11.54
2.71
Africa
Europe
Average for Total
Operating Expenses and Capital Costs
Operating expenses and capital costs, based on information
provided by Eni, were used in estimating future costs required to
operate the properties. In certain cases, future costs, either higher
or lower than existing costs, may have been used because of
anticipated changes in operating conditions. These costs were
not escalated for inflation.
E - 32
DEGOLYER AND MACNAUGHTON
8
While the oil and gas industry may be subject to regulatory changes from time
to time that could affect an industry participant’s ability to recover its oil,
condensate, LPG, and gas reserves, we are not aware of any such governmental
actions which would restrict the recovery of the oil, condensate, LPG, and gas
reserves as of December 31, 2013, estimated herein. The reserves estimated in this
report can be produced under current regulatory guidelines.
Eni has represented that its estimated net proved reserves attributable to the
reviewed properties in Africa, Asia, and Europe are based on the definitions of
proved reserves of the SEC. Eni represents that its estimates of the net proved
reserves attributable to these properties, which represent 13.6 percent of Eni’s
reserves on a net equivalent basis, are as follows, expressed in millions of barrels
(MMbbl), billions of cubic feet (Bcf), and millions of barrels of oil equivalent
(MMboe):
Estimated by Eni
Net Proved Reserves
as of December 31, 2013
Oil,
Condensate,
and LPG
(MMbbl)
Marketable
Gas
(Bcf)
Oil
Equivalent
(MMboe)
Properties reviewed by
DeGolyer and MacNaughton
Total Proved
461.7
2,361
891.6
Note: Gas is converted to oil equivalent using a factor of 5,492 cubic feet of gas per 1 barrel of oil
equivalent.
In our opinion, the information relating to estimated proved reserves of oil,
condensate, LPG, and gas contained in this report has been prepared in accordance
with Paragraphs 932-235-50-4, 932-235-50-6, 932-235-50-7, and 932-235-50-9 of
the Accounting Standards Update 932-235-50, Extractive Industries – Oil and Gas
(Topic 932): Oil and Gas Reserve Estimation and Disclosures (January 2010) of the
Financial Accounting Standards Board and Rules 4–10(a) (1)–(32) of Regulation
S–X and Rules 302(b), 1201, and 1202(a) (1), (2), (3), (4), (8) of Regulation S–K of
the Securities and Exchange Commission; provided, however, that estimates of
proved developed and proved undeveloped reserves are not presented at the
beginning of the year.
E - 33
DEGOLYER AND MACNAUGHTON
9
To the extent the above-enumerated rules, regulations, and statements require
determinations of an accounting or legal nature, we, as engineers, are necessarily
unable to express an opinion as to whether the above-described information is in
accordance therewith or sufficient therefor.
In comparing the detailed net proved reserves estimates prepared by us and by
Eni, we have found differences, both positive and negative, resulting in an aggregate
difference of less than 5.0 percent when compared on the basis of net equivalent
barrels. It is our opinion that the net proved reserves estimates prepared by Eni on
the properties reviewed by us and referred to above, when compared on the basis of
net equivalent barrels, in aggregate, do not differ materially from those prepared by
us.
DeGolyer and MacNaughton
independent petroleum engineering
is an
consulting firm that has been providing petroleum consulting services throughout
the world since 1936. DeGolyer and MacNaughton does not have any financial
interest, including stock ownership, in Eni. Our fees were not contingent on the
results of our evaluation. This letter report has been prepared at the request of Eni.
DeGolyer and MacNaughton has used all assumptions, data, procedures, and
methods that it considers necessary and appropriate to prepare this report.
Submitted,
/s/ DEGOLYER AND MACNAUGHTON
DeGOLYER and MacNAUGHTON
Texas Registered Engineering Firm F-716
[SEAL]
/s/ DENNIS W. THOMPSON, P.E.
Dennis W. Thompson, P.E.
Senior Vice President
DeGolyer and MacNaughton
E - 34
DEGOLYER AND MACNAUGHTON
CERTIFICATE of QUALIFICATION
I, Dennis W. Thompson Petroleum Engineer with DeGolyer and MacNaughton,
5001 Spring Valley Road, Suite 800 East, Dallas, Texas, 75244 U.S.A., hereby certify:
1.
2.
That I am a Senior Vice President with DeGolyer and MacNaughton, which
company did prepare the letter report addressed to Eni dated February 28,
2014, and that I, as Senior Vice President, was responsible for the
preparation of this report.
That I attended the University of Texas, and that I graduated with a Master
of Science degree in Petroleum Engineering in the year 1975; that I am a
Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas; that I am a member
of the International Society of Petroleum Engineers; and that I have
approximately 35 years of experience in oil and gas reservoir studies and
reserves evaluations.
SIGNED: February 28, 2014
[SEAL]
/s/ DENNIS W. THOMPSON, P.E.
Dennis W. Thompson, P.E.
Senior Vice President
DeGolyer and MacNaughton
E - 35
EXHIBIT 15.a(ii)
Eni S.p.A.
Estimated
Future Reserves and Income
Attributable to Certain
Interests
SEC Parameters
As of
December 31, 2013
\s\ HERMAN G. ACUNA
Herman G. Acuña, P.E.
TBPE License No. 92254
Managing Senior Vice President-International
[SEAL]
\s\ GABRIELLE GUERRE
Gabrielle Guerre, P.E.
TBPE License No. 109935
Senior Petroleum Engineer
[SEAL]
RYDER SCOTT COMPANY, L.P.
TBPE Firm Registration No. F-1580
RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS
E - 36
February 21, 2014
Eni S.p.A
E&P Division
Ms. Manuela Feudaroli
Vice President Reserves
Via Emilia 1
20097 San Donato Milanese
Milano, Italy
Dear Ms. Feudaroli:
At the request of Eni S.p.A. (Eni), Ryder Scott Company, L.P (Ryder Scott) has conducted a
reserves audit of the estimates of the proved reserves as prepared by Eni’s engineering and geological
staff as of December 31, 2013 based on the definitions and disclosure guidelines of the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) contained in Title 17, Code of Federal Regulations,
Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting, Final Rule released January 14, 2009 in the Federal Register
(SEC regulations). Our third party reserves audit, completed on February 10, 2014 and presented
herein, was prepared for public disclosure by Eni in filings made with the SEC in accordance with the
disclosure requirements set forth in the SEC regulations. Eni has indicated that the proved net reserves
attributable to the properties that we reviewed account for 16.7 percent of their total net proved
remaining hydrocarbon reserves. The subject properties are located in the following geographic
locations:
• Africa
• Asia
• Americas
As prescribed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers in Paragraph 2.2(f) of the Standards
Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information (SPE auditing
standards), a reserves audit is defined as “the process of reviewing certain of the pertinent facts
interpreted and assumptions made that have resulted in an estimate of reserves prepared by others and
the rendering of an opinion about (1) the appropriateness of the methodologies employed; (2) the
adequacy and quality of the data relied upon; (3) the depth and thoroughness of the reserves estimation
process; (4) the classification of reserves appropriate to the relevant definitions used; and (5) the
reasonableness of the estimated reserve quantities.”
Based on our review, including the data, technical processes and interpretations presented by Eni,
it is our opinion that the overall procedures and methodologies utilized by Eni in preparing their
estimates of the proved reserves as of December 31, 2013 comply with the current SEC regulations
and that the overall proved reserves for the reviewed properties as estimated by Eni are, in the
aggregate, reasonable within 5 percent of Ryder Scott’s estimates which is less than the established
audit tolerance guidelines of 10 percent as set forth in the SPE auditing standards.
SUITE 600, 1015 4TH STREET, S.W.
621 17TH STREET, SUITE 1550
CALGARY, ALBERTA T2R 1J4
DENVER, COLORADO 80293-1501
TEL (403) 262-2799
TEL (303) 623-9147
FAX (403) 262-2790
FAX (303) 623-4258
E - 37
Eni S.p.A. – Third Party
February 21, 2014
Page 2
The conclusions discussed in this report, as of December 31, 2013, are related to hydrocarbon
prices. The hydrocarbon prices used in the preparation of this report are based on the average prices
during the 12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered in this report, determined as
the unweighted arithmetic averages of the prices in effect on the first-day-of-the-month for each month
within such period, unless prices were defined by contractual arrangements, as required by the SEC
regulations. Actual future prices may vary significantly from the prices required by SEC regulations;
therefore, volumes of reserves actually recovered may differ significantly from the estimated quantities
audited by Ryder Scott.
Reserves Included in This Report
In our opinion, the proved reserves discussed herein conform to the definition as set forth in the
Securities and Exchange Commission’s Regulations Part 210.4-10(a). An abridged version of the SEC
reserves definitions from 210.4-10(a) entitled “Petroleum Reserves Definitions” is included as an
attachment to this report. The various proved reserve status categories are defined under the attachment
entitled “Petroleum Reserves Status Definitions and Guidelines” in this report.
No attempt was made to quantify or otherwise account for any accumulated gas production
imbalances that may exist. The audited proved gas volumes included gas consumed in operations as
reserves. Non-hydrocarbon or inert gas volumes have been excluded from the reserves reported herein.
Reserves are those estimated remaining quantities of petroleum that are anticipated to be
economically producible, as of a given date, from known accumulations under defined conditions. All
reserve estimates involve an assessment of the uncertainty relating the likelihood that the actual
remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the estimated quantities determined as of the
date the estimate is made. The uncertainty depends chiefly on the amount of reliable geologic and
engineering data available at the time of the estimate and the interpretation of these data. The relative
degree of uncertainty may be conveyed by placing reserves into one of two principal classifications,
either proved or unproved. Unproved reserves are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves,
and may be further sub-classified as probable and possible reserves to denote progressively increasing
uncertainty in their recoverability. At Eni’s request, this report addresses only the proved reserves
attributable to the properties evaluated herein.
Proved oil and gas reserves are “those quantities of oil and gas which, by analysis of geoscience
and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a
given date forward.” The proved reserves included herein were estimated using deterministic methods.
If deterministic methods are used, the SEC has defined reasonable certainty for proved reserves as a
“high degree of confidence that the quantities will be recovered.”
Proved reserve estimates will generally be revised only as additional geologic or engineering data
become available or as economic conditions change. For proved reserves, the SEC states that “as
changes due to increased availability of geoscience (geological, geophysical, and geochemical),
engineering, and economic data are made to the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) with time,
reasonably certain EUR is much more likely to increase or remain constant than to decrease.”
Moreover, estimates of proved reserves may be revised as a result of future operations, effects of
regulation by governmental agencies or geopolitical or economic risks. Therefore, the proved reserves
included in this report are estimates only and should not be construed as being exact quantities, and if
recovered, the revenues therefrom, and the actual costs related thereto, could be more or less than the
estimated amounts.
RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS
E - 38
Eni S.p.A. – Third Party
February 21, 2014
Page 3
The proved reserves reported herein are limited to the period prior to expiration of current
contracts providing the legal rights to produce, or a revenue interest in such production, unless
evidence indicates that contract renewal is reasonably certain. Furthermore, properties in the different
countries may be subjected to significantly varying contractual fiscal terms that affect the net revenue
to Eni for the production of these volumes. The prices and economic return received for these net
volumes can vary significantly based on the terms of these contracts. Therefore, when applicable,
Ryder Scott reviewed the fiscal terms of such contracts and discussed with Eni the net economic
benefit attributed to such operations for the determination of the net hydrocarbon volumes and income
thereof. Ryder Scott has not conducted an exhaustive audit or verification of such contractual
information. Neither our review of such contractual information nor our acceptance of Eni’s
representations regarding such contractual information should be construed as a legal opinion on this
matter.
Ryder Scott did not evaluate the country and geopolitical risks in the countries where Eni operates
or has interests. Eni’s operations may be subject to various levels of governmental controls and
regulations. These controls and regulations may include, but may not be limited to, matters relating to
land tenure and leasing, the legal rights to produce hydrocarbons including the granting, extension or
termination of production sharing contracts, the fiscal terms of various production sharing contracts,
drilling and production practices, environmental protection, marketing and pricing policies, royalties,
various taxes and levies including income tax, and foreign trade and investment and are subject to
change from time to time. Such changes in governmental regulations and policies may cause volumes
of proved reserves actually recovered and amounts of proved income actually received to differ
significantly from the estimated quantities.
The estimates of proved reserves audited herein were based upon a detailed study of the properties
in which Eni owns an interest; however, we have not made any field examination of the properties. No
consideration was given in this report to potential environmental liabilities that may exist nor were any
costs included for potential liabilities to restore and clean up damages, if any, caused by past operating
practices.
Audit Data, Methodology, Procedure and Assumptions
The estimation of reserves involves two distinct determinations. The first determination results in
the estimation of the quantities of recoverable oil and gas and the second determination results in the
estimation of the uncertainty associated with those estimated quantities in accordance with the
definitions set forth by the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Regulations Part 210.4-10(a). The
process of estimating the quantities of recoverable oil and gas reserves relies on the use of certain
generally accepted analytical procedures. These analytical procedures fall into three broad categories
or methods: (1) performance-based methods; (2) volumetric-based methods; and (3) analogy. These
methods may be used singularly or in combination by the reserve evaluator in the process of estimating
the quantities of reserves. Reserve evaluators must select the method or combination of methods which
in their professional judgment is most appropriate given the nature and amount of reliable geoscience
and engineering data available at the time of the estimate, the established or anticipated performance
characteristics of the reservoir being evaluated and the stage of development or producing maturity of
the property.
In many cases, the analysis of the available geoscience and engineering data and the subsequent
interpretation of this data may indicate a range of possible outcomes in an estimate, irrespective of
the method selected by the evaluator. When a range in the quantity of reserves is identified, the
evaluator must determine the uncertainty associated with the incremental quantities of the reserves. If
the
the
reserve quantities are estimated using
incremental approach,
the deterministic
RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS
E - 39
Eni S.p.A. – Third Party
February 21, 2014
Page 4
uncertainty for each discrete incremental quantity of the reserves is addressed by the reserve category
assigned by the evaluator. Therefore, it is the categorization of reserve quantities as proved, probable
and/or possible that addresses the inherent uncertainty in the estimated quantities reported. For proved
reserves, uncertainty is defined by the SEC as reasonable certainty wherein the “quantities actually
recovered are much more likely than not to be achieved.” The SEC states that “probable reserves are
those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves but which, together
with proved reserves, are as likely as not to be recovered.” The SEC states that “possible reserves are
those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than probable reserves and the total
quantities ultimately recovered from a project have a low probability of exceeding proved plus
probable plus possible reserves.” All quantities of reserves within the same reserve category must meet
the SEC definitions as noted above.
Estimates of reserves quantities and their associated reserve categories may be revised in the
future as additional geoscience or engineering data become available. Furthermore, estimates of
reserves quantities and their associated reserve categories may also be revised due to other factors such
as changes in economic conditions, results of future operations, effects of regulation by governmental
agencies or geopolitical or economic risks as previously noted herein.
The proved reserves for the properties included herein were estimated by performance methods,
analogy methods, the volumetric method, or a combination of performance and volumetric methods.
These performance methods include, but may not be limited to, decline curve analysis and analogy
which utilized extrapolations of historical production and pressure data available through December
2013 in those cases where such data were considered to be definitive. The data utilized in this analysis
were supplied to Ryder Scott by Eni and were considered sufficient for the purpose thereof. The
volumetric method was used where there were inadequate historical performance data to establish a
definitive trend and where the use of production performance data as a basis for the reserve estimates
was considered to be inappropriate. The volumetric analysis utilized pertinent well and seismic data
supplied to Ryder Scott by Eni that were available through December 2013. The data utilized from the
well and seismic data incorporated into our volumetric analysis were considered sufficient for the
purpose thereof.
To estimate economically recoverable proved oil and gas reserves and related future net cash
flows, we consider many factors and assumptions including, but not limited to, the use of reservoir
parameters derived from geological, geophysical and engineering data that cannot be measured
directly, economic criteria based on current costs and SEC pricing requirements, and forecasts of
future production rates. Under the SEC regulations 210.4-10(a)(22)(v) and (26), proved reserves must
be anticipated to be economically producible from a given date forward based on existing economic
conditions including the prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be
determined. While it may reasonably be anticipated that the future prices received for the sale of
production and the operating costs and other costs relating to such production may increase or decrease
from those under existing economic conditions, such changes were, in accordance with rules adopted
by the SEC, omitted from consideration in making this evaluation.
Eni has informed us that they have furnished us all of the material accounts, records, geological
and engineering data, and reports and other data required for this investigation. In preparing our
forecast of future proved production and income, we have relied upon data furnished by Eni with
respect to property interests owned, production and well tests from examined wells, normal direct costs
of operating the wells or leases, other costs such as transportation and/or processing fees, ad valorem
and production taxes, recompletion and development costs, abandonment costs after salvage, product
prices based on the SEC regulations, adjustments or differentials to product prices, geological
structural and isochore maps, well logs, core analyses, and pressure measurements. Ryder Scott
RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS
E - 40
Eni S.p.A. – Third Party
February 21, 2014
Page 5
reviewed such factual data for its reasonableness; however, we have not conducted an independent
verification of the data furnished by Eni. We consider the factual data used in this report appropriate
and sufficient for the purpose of our investigations.
In summary, we consider the assumptions, data, methods and analytical procedures used in this
report appropriate for the purpose hereof, and we have used all such methods and procedures that we
consider necessary and appropriate to conduct the audit of reserves of the properties described herein.
The proved reserves discussed herein were determined in conformance with the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting; Final Rule,
including all references to Regulation S-X and Regulation S-K, referred to herein collectively as the
“SEC Regulations.” In our opinion, the proved reserves reviewed in this report comply with the
definitions, guidelines and disclosure requirements as required by the SEC regulations.
Future Production Rates
For wells currently on production, our forecasts of future production rates are based on historical
performance data. If no production decline trend has been established, future production rates were
held constant, or adjusted for the effects of curtailment where appropriate, until a decline in ability to
produce was anticipated. An estimated rate of decline was then applied to depletion of the reserves. If a
decline trend has been established, this trend was used as the basis for estimating future production
rates.
Test data and other related information were used to estimate the anticipated initial production
rates for those wells or locations that are not currently producing. For reserves not yet on production,
sales were estimated to commence at an anticipated date furnished by Eni. Wells or locations that are
not currently producing may start producing earlier or later than anticipated in our estimates due to
unforeseen factors causing a change in the timing to initiate production. Such factors may include
delays due to weather, the availability of rigs, the sequence of drilling, completing and/or recompleting
wells and/or constraints set by regulatory bodies.
The future production rates from wells currently on production or wells or locations that are not
currently producing may be more or less than estimated because of changes including, but not limited
to, reservoir performance, operating conditions related to surface facilities, compression and artificial
lift, pipeline capacity and/or operating conditions, producing market demand and/or allowables or
other constraints set by regulatory bodies.
Hydrocarbon Prices
As stated previously, proved reserves must be anticipated to be economically producible from a
given date forward based on existing economic conditions including the prices and costs at which
economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. To confirm that the proved reserves
reviewed by us meet the SEC requirements to be economically producible, we have reviewed certain
primary economic data utilized by Eni relating to hydrocarbon prices and costs as noted herein.
The hydrocarbon prices used herein are based on SEC price parameters using the average prices
during the 12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered in this report, determined as
the unweighted arithmetic averages of the prices in effect on the first-day-of-the-month for each
month within such period, unless prices were defined by contractual arrangements. For hydrocarbon
products sold under contract, the contract prices, including fixed and determinable escalations,
exclusive of inflation adjustments, were used until expiration of the contract. Upon contract
RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS
E - 41
Eni S.p.A. – Third Party
February 21, 2014
Page 6
expiration, the prices were adjusted to the 12-month unweighted arithmetic average as previously
described.
Eni furnished us with the above mentioned average prices in effect on December 31, 2013. Eni
has assured us that these initial SEC hydrocarbon prices were determined using the 12-month average
first-day-of-the-month benchmark prices appropriate to the geographic area where the hydrocarbons
are sold. The average dated Brent oil price of $108/bbl was used by Eni. Eni also provided us with the
gas prices based on their gas sales agreements. All gas prices shown below are in dollars per thousand
3
). The average realized prices provided by Eni and used in our evaluation are as
cubic meters ($/km
follows:
Geographic Area
Africa
Americas
Asia
Average
Proved
Realized
Prices
$ 374.12/km3
$ 107.93/bbl
$
93.11/bbl
$ 69.25/km3
35.75/bbl
$
$ 430.57/km3
$ 108.01/bbl
99.97/bbl
$
Product
Gas
Oil
Condensate
Gas
Oil
Gas
Oil
Condensate
The product prices that were actually used to determine the future gross revenue for each property
reflect adjustments to the benchmark prices for gravity, quality, local conditions and/or distance from
market, referred to herein as “differentials.” The differentials used in the preparation of this report
were furnished to us by Eni. The differentials furnished to us were accepted as factual data and
reviewed by us for their reasonableness; however, we have not conducted an independent verification
of the data used by Eni to determine these differentials.
Costs
Operating costs used in our evaluation were based on the operating expense reports of Eni and
include only those costs directly applicable to the evaluated assets. The operating costs include a
portion of general and administrative costs allocated directly to the leases and wells. The operating
costs furnished to us were accepted as factual data and reviewed by us for their reasonableness;
however, we have not conducted an independent verification of the operating cost data used by Eni. No
deduction was made for loan repayments, interest expenses, or exploration and development
prepayments that were not charged directly to the assets.
Development costs were furnished to us by Eni and are based on authorizations for expenditure
for the proposed work or actual costs for similar projects. The development costs furnished to us were
accepted as factual data and reviewed by us for their reasonableness; however, we have not conducted
an independent verification of these costs. The estimated net cost of abandonment after salvage was
included for properties where abandonment costs net of salvage were significant. The estimates of the
net abandonment costs furnished by Eni were accepted without independent verification.
RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS
E - 42
Eni S.p.A. – Third Party
February 21, 2014
Page 7
The proved developed and undeveloped reserves in this report have been incorporated herein in
accordance with Eni’s plans to develop these reserves as of December 31, 2013. The implementation
of Eni’s development plans as presented to us and incorporated herein is subject to the approval
process adopted by Eni’s management. As the result of our inquires during the course of preparing this
report, Eni has informed us that the development activities included herein have been subjected to and
received the internal approvals required by Eni’s management at the appropriate local, regional and/or
corporate level. In addition to the internal approvals as noted, certain development activities may still
be subject to specific partner AFE processes, Joint Operating Agreement (JOA) requirements or other
administrative approvals external to Eni. Additionally, Eni has informed us that they are not aware of
any legal, regulatory, political or economic obstacles that would significantly alter their plans.
Current costs used by Eni were held constant throughout the life of the properties.
Standards of Independence and Professional Qualification
Ryder Scott is an independent petroleum engineering consulting firm that has been providing
petroleum consulting services throughout the world for over seventy-five years. Ryder Scott is
employee-owned and maintains offices in Houston, Texas; Denver, Colorado; and Calgary, Alberta,
Canada. We have over eighty engineers and geoscientists on our permanent staff. By virtue of the size
of our firm and the large number of clients for which we provide services, no single client or job
represents a material portion of our annual revenue. We do not serve as officers or directors of any
privately-owned or publicly-traded oil and gas company and are separate and independent from the
operating and investment decision-making process of our clients. This allows us to bring the highest
level of independence and objectivity to each engagement for our services.
Ryder Scott actively participates in industry-related professional societies and organizes an annual
public forum focused on the subject of reserves evaluations and SEC regulations. Many of our staff
have authored or co-authored technical papers on the subject of reserves related topics. We encourage
our staff to maintain and enhance their professional skills by actively participating in ongoing
continuing education.
Prior to becoming an officer of the Company, Ryder Scott requires that staff engineers and
geoscientists have received professional accreditation in the form of a registered or certified
professional engineer’s license or a registered or certified professional geoscientist’s license, or the
equivalent thereof, from an appropriate governmental authority or a recognized self-regulating
professional organization.
We are independent petroleum engineers with respect to Eni. Neither we nor any of our
employees have any interest in the subject properties and neither the employment to do this work nor
the compensation is contingent on our estimates of reserves for the properties which were reviewed.
The results of this study, presented herein, are based on technical analysis conducted by teams of
geoscientists and engineers from Ryder Scott. The professional qualifications of the undersigned, the
technical person primarily responsible for overseeing, reviewing and approving the evaluation of the
reserves information discussed in this report, are included as an attachment to this letter.
RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS
E - 43
Eni S.p.A. – Third Party
February 21, 2014
Page 8
Terms of Usage
The results of our third party study, presented in report form herein, were prepared in accordance
with the disclosure requirements set forth in the SEC regulations and intended for public disclosure as
an exhibit in filings made with the SEC by Eni.
We have provided Eni with a digital version of the original signed copy of this report letter. In the
event there are any differences between the digital version included in filings made by Eni and the
original signed report letter, the original signed report letter shall control and supersede the digital
version.
The data and work papers used in the preparation of this report are available for examination by
authorized parties in our offices. Please contact us if we can be of further service.
Very truly yours,
RYDER SCOTT COMPANY, L. P.
TBPE Firm Registration No. F-1580
\s\ HERMAN G. ACUNA
Herman G. Acuna, P.E.
TBPE License No. 92254
Managing Senior Vice President – International
[SEAL]
\s\ GABRIELLE GUERRE
Gabrielle Guerre, P.E.
TBPE License No. 109935
Senior Petroleum Engineer
[SEAL]
HGA (DPR)/pl
RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS
E - 44
Professional Qualifications of Primary Technical Person
The conclusions presented in this report are the result of technical analysis conducted by teams of
geoscientists and engineers from Ryder Scott Company, L.P. Herman G. Acuña was the primary
technical person responsible for overseeing the independent estimation of the reserves, future
production and income to render the audit conclusions of the report.
Mr. Acuña, an employee of Ryder Scott Company, L.P. (Ryder Scott) since 1997, is a Managing
Senior International Vice President and Board Member. He serves as an Engineering Group
Coordinator responsible for coordinating and supervising staff and consulting engineers of the
company in ongoing reservoir evaluation studies worldwide. Before joining Ryder Scott, Mr. Acuña
served in a number of engineering positions with Exxon. For more information regarding Mr. Acuña’s
geographic and job specific experience, please refer to the Ryder Scott Company website at
www.ryderscott.com.
Mr. Acuña earned a Bachelor (Cum Laude) and a Masters (Magna Cum Laude) of Science degree
in Petroleum Engineering from The University of Tulsa in 1987 and 1989 respectively. He is a
registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas, a member of the Association of International
Petroleum Negotiators (AIPN) and the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE).
In addition to gaining experience and competency through prior work experience, the Texas
Board of Professional Engineers requires a minimum of fifteen hours of continuing education annually,
including at least one hour in the area of professional ethics, which Mr. Acuña fulfills. Mr. Acuña has
attended formalized training and conferences including dedicated to the subject of the definitions and
disclosure guidelines contained in the United States Securities and Exchange Commission Title 17,
Code of Federal Regulations, Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting, Final Rule released January 14,
2009 in the Federal Register. Mr. Acuña has recently taught various company reserves evaluation
schools in Argentina, China, Denmark, Spain and the U.S.A. Mr. Acuña has participated in various
capacities in reserves conferences such as being a panelist at Trinidad and Tobago’s Petroleum
Conference, delivering the reserves evaluation seminar during IAPG convention in Mendoza,
Argentina and chairing the first Reserves Evaluation Conference in the Middle East in Dubai, U.A.E.
Based on his educational background, professional training and over 20 years of practical
experience in petroleum engineering and the estimation and evaluation of petroleum reserves, Mr.
Acuña has attained the professional qualifications as a Reserves Estimator and Reserves Auditor set
forth in Article III of the “Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves
Information” promulgated by the Society of Petroleum Engineers as of February 19, 2007.
RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS
E - 45
PETROLEUM RESERVES DEFINITIONS
As Adapted From:
RULE 4-10(a) of REGULATION S-X PART 210
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC)
PREAMBLE
On January 14, 2009, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) published
the “Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting; Final Rule” in the Federal Register of National Archives
and Records Administration (NARA). The “Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting; Final Rule”
includes revisions and additions to the definition section in Rule 4-10 of Regulation S-X, revisions and
additions to the oil and gas reporting requirements in Regulation S-K, and amends and codifies
Industry Guide 2 in Regulation S-K. The “Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting; Final Rule”,
including all references to Regulation S-X and Regulation S-K, shall be referred to herein collectively
as the “SEC Regulations”. The SEC Regulations take effect for all filings made with the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission as of December 31, 2009, or after January 1, 2010. Reference
should be made to the full text under Title 17, Code of Federal Regulations, Regulation S-X Part 210,
Rule 4-10(a) for the complete definitions, as the following definitions, descriptions and explanations
rely wholly or in part on excerpts from the original document (direct passages excerpted from the
aforementioned SEC document are denoted in italics herein).
Reserves are those estimated remaining quantities of petroleum which are anticipated to be
economically producible, as of a given date, from known accumulations under defined conditions. All
reserve estimates involve some degree of uncertainty. The uncertainty depends chiefly on the amount
of reliable geologic and engineering data available at the time of the estimate and the interpretation of
these data. The relative degree of uncertainty may be conveyed by placing reserves into one of two
principal classifications, either proved or unproved. Unproved reserves are less certain to be recovered
than proved reserves and may be further sub-classified as probable and possible reserves to denote
progressively increasing uncertainty in their recoverability. Under the SEC Regulations as of
December 31, 2009, or after January 1, 2010, a company may optionally disclose estimated quantities
of probable or possible oil and gas reserves in documents publicly filed with the Commission. The
SEC Regulations continue to prohibit disclosure of estimates of oil and gas resources other than
reserves and any estimated values of such resources in any document publicly filed with the
Commission unless such information is required to be disclosed in the document by foreign or state
law as noted in §229.1202 Instruction to Item 1202.
Reserves estimates will generally be revised as additional geologic or engineering data become
available or as economic conditions change.
Reserves may be attributed to either natural energy or improved recovery methods. Improved
recovery methods include all methods for supplementing natural energy or altering natural forces in the
reservoir to increase ultimate recovery. Examples of such methods are pressure maintenance, natural
gas cycling, waterflooding, thermal methods, chemical flooding, and the use of miscible and
immiscible displacement fluids. Other improved recovery methods may be developed in the future as
petroleum technology continues to evolve.
Reserves may be attributed to either conventional or unconventional petroleum accumulations.
Petroleum accumulations are considered as either conventional or unconventional based on the nature
of their in-place characteristics, extraction method applied, or degree of processing prior to sale.
Examples of unconventional petroleum accumulations include coalbed or coalseam methane
(CBM/CSM), basin-centered gas, shale gas, gas hydrates, natural bitumen and oil shale deposits.
RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS
E - 46
PETROLEUM RESERVES DEFINITIONS
Page 2
These unconventional accumulations may require specialized extraction technology and/or significant
processing prior to sale.
Reserves do not include quantities of petroleum being held in inventory.
Because of the differences in uncertainty, caution should be exercised when aggregating
quantities of petroleum from different reserves categories.
RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS)
Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X §210.4-10(a)(26) defines reserves as
follows:
Reserves. Reserves are estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances
anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects
to known accumulations. In addition, there must exist, or there must be a reasonable expectation that
there will exist, the legal right to produce or a revenue interest in the production, installed means of
delivering oil and gas or related substances to market, and all permits and financing required to
implement the project.
Note to paragraph (a)(26): Reserves should not be assigned to adjacent reservoirs isolated by
major, potentially sealing, faults until those reservoirs are penetrated and evaluated as economically
producible. Reserves should not be assigned to areas that are clearly separated from a known
accumulation by a non-productive reservoir (i.e., absence of reservoir, structurally low reservoir, or
negative test results). Such areas may contain prospective resources (i.e., potentially recoverable
resources from undiscovered accumulations).
PROVED RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS)
Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X §210.4-10(a)(22) defines proved oil and
gas reserves as follows:
Proved oil and gas reserves. Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas, which, by
analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be
economically producible—from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing
economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations—prior to the time at which
contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably
certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The
project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain
that it will commence the project within a reasonable time.
(i) The area of the reservoir considered as proved includes:
(A) The area identified by drilling and limited by fluid contacts, if any, and
(B) Adjacent undrilled portions of the reservoir that can, with reasonable certainty, be
judged to be continuous with it and to contain economically producible oil or gas on the
basis of available geoscience and engineering data.
RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS
E - 47
PETROLEUM RESERVES DEFINITIONS
Page 3
(ii) In the absence of data on fluid contacts, proved quantities in a reservoir are limited by the
lowest known hydrocarbons (LKH) as seen in a well penetration unless geoscience, engineering,
or performance data and reliable technology establishes a lower contact with reasonable
certainty.
PROVED RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS) CONTINUED
(iii) Where direct observation from well penetrations has defined a highest known oil (HKO)
elevation and the potential exists for an associated gas cap, proved oil reserves may be assigned
in the structurally higher portions of the reservoir only if geoscience, engineering, or
performance data and reliable technology establish the higher contact with reasonable certainty.
(iv) Reserves which can be produced economically through application of improved recovery
techniques (including, but not limited to, fluid injection) are included in the proved classification
when:
(A) Successful testing by a pilot project in an area of the reservoir with properties no more
favorable than in the reservoir as a whole, the operation of an installed program in the
reservoir or an analogous reservoir, or other evidence using reliable technology establishes
the reasonable certainty of the engineering analysis on which the project or program was
based; and
(B) The project has been approved for development by all necessary parties and entities,
including governmental entities.
(v) Existing economic conditions include prices and costs at which economic producibility from a
reservoir is to be determined. The price shall be the average price during the 12-month period
prior to the ending date of the period covered by the report, determined as an unweighted
arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within such period, unless
prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future
conditions.
RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS
E - 48
PETROLEUM RESERVES STATUS DEFINITIONS AND GUIDELINES
As Adapted From:
RULE 4-10(a) of REGULATION S-X PART 210
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC)
and
PETROLEUM RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SPE-PRMS)
Sponsored and Approved by:
SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS (SPE),
WORLD PETROLEUM COUNCIL (WPC)
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS (AAPG)
SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM EVALUATION ENGINEERS (SPEE)
Reserves status categories define the development and producing status of wells and reservoirs.
Reference should be made to Title 17, Code of Federal Regulations, Regulation S-X Part 210, Rule
4-10(a) and the SPE-PRMS as the following reserves status definitions are based on excerpts from the
original documents (direct passages excerpted from the aforementioned SEC and SPE-PRMS
documents are denoted in italics herein).
DEVELOPED RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS)
Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X §210.4-10(a)(6) defines developed oil and
gas reserves as follows:
Developed oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that can be expected to be
recovered:
(i) Through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods or in which the
cost of the required equipment is relatively minor compared to the cost of a new well; and
(ii) Through installed extraction equipment and infrastructure operational at the time of the
reserves estimate if the extraction is by means not involving a well.
Developed Producing (SPE-PRMS Definitions)
While not a requirement for disclosure under the SEC regulations, developed oil and gas reserves
may be further sub-classified according to the guidance contained in the SPE-PRMS as Producing or
Non-Producing.
Developed Producing Reserves
Developed Producing Reserves are expected to be recovered from completion intervals that are
open and producing at the time of the estimate.
Improved recovery reserves are considered producing only after the improved recovery project is
in operation.
RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS
E - 49
PETROLEUM RESERVES STATUS DEFINITIONS AND GUIDELINES
Page 2
Developed Non-Producing
Developed Non-Producing Reserves include shut-in and behind-pipe reserves.
Shut-In
Shut-in Reserves are expected to be recovered from:
(1) completion intervals which are open at the time of the estimate but which have not yet
started producing;
(2) wells which were shut-in for market conditions or pipeline connections; or
(3) wells not capable of production for mechanical reasons.
Behind-Pipe
Behind-pipe Reserves are expected to be recovered from zones in existing wells which will require
additional completion work or future re-completion prior to start of production.
In all cases, production can be initiated or restored with relatively low expenditure compared to
the cost of drilling a new well.
UNDEVELOPED RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS)
Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X §210.4-10(a)(31) defines undeveloped oil
and gas reserves as follows:
Undeveloped oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that are expected to be recovered
from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure
is required for recompletion.
(i) Reserves on undrilled acreage shall be limited to those directly offsetting development
spacing areas that are reasonably certain of production when drilled, unless evidence using
reliable technology exists that establishes reasonable certainty of economic producibility at
greater distances.
(ii) Undrilled locations can be classified as having undeveloped reserves only if a
development plan has been adopted indicating that they are scheduled to be drilled within
five years, unless the specific circumstances, justify a longer time.
(iii) Under no circumstances shall estimates for undeveloped reserves be attributable to any
acreage for which an application of fluid injection or other improved recovery technique is
contemplated, unless such techniques have been proved effective by actual projects in the
same reservoir or an analogous reservoir, as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, or
by other evidence using reliable technology establishing reasonable certainty.
RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS
E - 50
Cop20F_Eni_2013 16-04-2014 10:57 Pagina 2
Investor Relations
Piazza Ezio Vanoni, 1 - 20097 San Donato Milanese (Milan)
Tel. +39-0252051651 - Fax +39-0252031929
e-mail: investor.relations@eni.com
eni spa
Headquarters: Rome, Piazzale Enrico Mattei, 1
Capital stock as of December 31, 2013:
€4,005,358,876 fully paid
Tax identification number: 00484960588
Branches:
San Donato Milanese (Milan) - Via Emilia, 1
San Donato Milanese (Milan) - Piazza Ezio Vanoni, 1
Internet home page: eni.com
Rome office telephone: +39-0659821
Toll-free number: 800940924
e-mail: segreteriasocietaria.azionisti@eni.com
ADRs/Depositary
BNY Mellon Shareowner Services
P.O. Box 30170
College Station, TX 77842-3170
shrrelations@cpushareownerservices.com
Overnight correspondence should be sent to:
BNY Mellon Shareowner Services
211 Quality Circle, Suite 210
College Station, TX 77845
Toll Free numbers for domestic calls: - 1-888-269-2377
Number for International calls: - 201-680-6825
Institutional Investors’ contacts for issuances/cancellations of ADRs:
UK: Mark Lewis - Tel. +44 (0) 20 7964 6089;
mark.lewis@bnymellon.com
USA: Kristen Resch Enea - Tel. +1 212 815 2213;
kristen.resch@bnymellon.com
Hong Kong: Herston Powers - Tel. +852 2840 9868;
Herston.Powers@bnymellon.com
Cover: Inarea - Rome - Italy
Layout and supervision: Studio Joly Srl - Rome - Italy
Printing: Ugo Quintily SpA - Rome - Italy
Sovracop20F_Eni_2013 4/15/14 10:58 AM Pagina 1
Investor Relations
Piazza Ezio Vanoni, 1 - 20097 San Donato Milanese (Milan)
Tel. +39-0252051651 - Fax +39-0252031929
e-mail: investor.relations@eni.com
eni spa
Headquarters: Rome, Piazzale Enrico Mattei, 1
Capital stock as of December 31, 2012:
€4,005,358,876 fully paid
Tax identification number: 00484960588
Branches:
San Donato Milanese (Milan) - Via Emilia, 1
San Donato Milanese (Milan) - Piazza Ezio Vanoni, 1
Internet home page: eni.com
Rome office telephone: +39-0659821
Toll-free number: 800940924
e-mail: segreteriasocietaria.azionisti@eni.com
ADRs/Depositary
BNY Mellon Shareowner Services
PO Box 358516
Pittsburgh, PA 15252-8516
shrrelations@bnymellon.com
Contacts:
- Institutional Investors/Broker Desk:
UK: Mark Lewis - Tel. +44 (0) 20 7964 6089;
mark.lewis@bnymellon.com
USA: Ravi Davis - Tel. +1 212 815 4245;
ravi.davis@bnymellon.com
Hong Kong: Joe Oakenfold - Tel. +852 2840 9717;
joe.oakenfold@bnymellon.com
- Retail Investors:
Domestic Toll Free – Tel. 1-866-433-0354
International Callers – Tel. +1.201.680.6825
Cover: Inarea - Rome - Italy
Layout and supervision: Studio Joly Srl - Rome - Italy
Printing: Ugo Quintily SpA - Rome - Italy
eni.com
A
n
n
u
a
l
R
e
p
o
r
t
o
n
F
o
r
m
2
0
-
F
2
0
1
3
A n n u a l Re p o r t o n Fo r m 2 0 - F 2 0 1 3