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ENI S.p.A.

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FY2024 Annual Report · ENI S.p.A.
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We are an energy company. 
We concretely support a just energy transition, 
with the objective of preserving our planet  
and promoting an efficient and sustainable access to energy for all.  
Our work is based on passion and innovation,  
on our unique strengths and skills, 
on the equal dignity of each person, 
recognizing diversity as a key value for human development,
on the responsibility, integrity and transparency of our actions. 
We believe in the value of long-term partnerships with the Countries 
and communities where we operate, bringing long-lasting prosperity for all.
Mission
Global goals for a sustainable development
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, presented in September 2015, identifies the 17 Sustainable 
Development Goals (SDGs) which represent the common targets of sustainable development on the 
current complex social problems. These goals are an important reference for the international community 
and Eni in managing activities in those Countries in which it operates.

Eni
Annual
Report
2024

Integrated Annual Report
Eni’s 2024 Annual Report is prepared in accordance 
with principles included in the International Framework”, 
published by International Integrated Reporting Council 
(IIRC). It is aimed at representing financial and sustainability 
performance, underlining the existing connections between 
competitive environment, group strategy, business model, 
integrated risk management and a stringent corporate 
governance system. The mission represents more explicitly 
the Eni’s path to face the global challenges, contributing to 
achieve the SDGs determined by the UN in order to clearly 
address the actions to be implemented by all the involved 
players. This report has not been prepared in accordance with 
the EU Delegated Regulation 2019/815 (ESEF Regulation), 
implementing the Transparency Directive. The Annual Report 
in ESEF format (only in Italian language) is published in the 
specific section of the Company’s website (www.eni.com, 
Publications) and is available at the centralized storage 
mechanism authorized by Consob “1Info” – (www.1info.it).
Disclaimer
This Annual Report contains certain forward-looking 
statements in particular under the section “Outlook” regarding 
capital 
expenditures, 
dividends, 
buy-back 
programs, 
allocation of future cash flow from operations, financial 
structure evolution, future operating performance, targets of 
production and sale growth and the progress and timing of 
projects. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve 
risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and 
depend on circumstances that will or may occur in the future. 
Actual results may differ from those expressed in such 
statements, depending on a variety of factors, the timing of 
bringing new oil and gas fields on stream; management’s 
ability in carrying out industrial plans and in succeeding in 
commercial transactions; future levels of industry product 
supply; demand and oil and natural gas pricing; operational 
problems; general macroeconomic conditions; political 
stability and economic growth in relevant areas of the world; 
changes in laws and governmental regulations; development 
and use of new technology; changes in public expectations 
and other changes in business conditions; the actions of 
competitors. “Eni” means the parent company Eni SpA and 
its consolidated subsidiaries.
LEGEND
Link to the Management Report and the 
Consolidated Financial Statements
Internal link to the Sustainability Statement
External link

Management report	
Activities	
6
Business model	
8
Main events	
12
Eni at a glance	
14
Strategy	
18
Integrated Risk Management 	
22
Governance	
28
OPERATING REVIEW
Exploration & Production	
42
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio and Power	
62
CCS and Agri	
68
Enilive and Plenitude	
72
Refining and Chemicals	
78
Environmental activities	
84
FINANCIAL REVIEW AND OTHER INFORMATION
Financial review 	
88
Risk factors and uncertainties  	
114
Outlook	
131
SUSTAINABILITY STATEMENT	
132
Certification of the Sustainability Statement pursuant to article 81-ter, paragraph 1, 
of the Consob Regulation n. 11971 of May 14, 1999 and subsequent changes and additions	
267
Other information	
268
Glossary	
269
Consolidated financial statements  	
Financial statements 	
274
Notes on consolidated financial statements  	
282
Supplemental oil and gas information	
394
Management’s certification	
415
Annex	
Annex to the notes on consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024	
418
Investments owned by Eni as of December 31, 2024	
418
Changes in the scope of consolidation for 2024	
464
Audit fees	
468
Independent auditor’s limited assurance report on the sustainability statement 	
469
Independent auditor’s report on the consolidated financial statements 	
475
Letter to shareholders

Dear Shareholders,
in 2024 Eni delivered excellent operating and financial results driven 
by the consistent execution of our strategy of unlocking value, 
leveraging on technological expertise, the quality of our assets 
portfolio, the distinctive satellite model and capital discipline.
This allowed us to remunerate our shareholders with competitive 
yields and to progress on our target of carbon neutrality, underpinned 
by a robust economic sustainability.
Eni’s organizational set-up has been redesigned into three business 
groups, in view of more effective strategy execution: (i) The “Chief 
Transition & Financial Officer”, tasked with increasing the value 
of the businesses related to energy transition; (ii) The “Global 
Natural Resources”, tasked with maximizing profitability across the 
oil&gas value chain, including power and trading activities; (iii) The 
“Industrial Transformation”, tasked with accelerating and completing 
the downstream oil reconversion and the  restructuring of Eni’s 
chemicals activities.
The 2024 steady financial results underpin Eni’s ability to capture the 
opportunities of an evolving energy market, achieving stable returns 
across the cycle and a significant reduction in financial leverage. 
The Group earned €14.3 billion of proforma adjusted EBIT and €13.6 
billion of adjusted operating cash flow, both well above our plans. 
Letter to shareholders
We made significant progress towards our goal of €8 billion of net 
cash from disposals thanks to the deployment of our satellite strategy 
to valorize the transition-related businesses of Enilive and Plenitude, 
delivering proceeds of €3.7 billion through private investments and 
unlocking over €21 billion of enterprise value. Noticeable progress 
was also made in the restructuring of the Exploration & Production 
asset portfolio with the disposal of non-strategic fields.
A robust cash flow from operations, the contribution of the disposal 
program and continued cost and capital discipline allowed us to 
fund €8.8 billion of growth and maintenance capex to support the 
business and to boost our shareholders remuneration through an 
increased dividend, at €1 per share (up by 4% from 2023), and a share 
buyback program of €2 billion, almost doubled compared to the 
initial guidance. Shareholders’ remuneration reached a competitive 
yield of over 10%, while keeping under control our leverage that on a 
proforma basis including the transactions defined in 2024 stands at 
15%, representing an all-time low for Eni.
Growth was significant both in the traditional business and in the 
businesses related to the transition.
In 2024 hydrocarbon production increased by 3% to 1.71 million 
boe/d due to ramp-ups in Côte d’Ivoire, Congo and Mozambique, the 
start-up of the gas project Argo-Cassiopea offshore Sicily, as well as 
the acquisition of independent oil& gas producer Neptune.
We laid foundations of a new exciting growth phase thanks to 
exploration success and progress in new projects.
Exploration activities discovered 1.2 Bboe of resources in the year, 
confirming an engine of growth and value creation. Main 2024 
successes were the material discoveries at the Geng North prospect 
in Indonesia, Calao in Côte d’Ivoire, the appraisal of Cronos offshore 
Cyprus as well as near-filed findings in Mexico.
 
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

We continue to reduce the “time-to-market” of our reserves owing to 
our fast-track phased approach in the development of projects. 
In December 2024, it was started up as scheduled and in line with 
the budget, the Phase II of our flagship Baleine oil project, off Côte 
d’Ivoire, while at the Congo LNG project, following the start-up of 
the Tango FLNG liquefaction plant, the next expansion phase is 
progressing rapidly with expected start-up at the end of 2025.
Building on the success of Vår Energi and Azule Energy, a new 
geographically focused, upstream satellite was established 
combining Eni’s and Ithaca Energy’s respective oil & gas portfolios 
in the UK, with a view of maximizing growth options, synergies and 
cash returns.
In Indonesia, also leveraging the integration of Neptune assets, the 
development plan of two worldwide flagship gas projects has been 
approved: the Northern Hub including the exceptional discovery of 
Geng North and the Southern hub extension which will prolong the 
useful life of the Jangkrik FPU. 
In the Eastern Mediterranean, a historic agreement with Cyprus 
and Egypt was signed for the exploitation of the large Cypriot gas 
reserves of Block 6, leveraging the infrastructure in place at the Zohr 
field and the Damietta liquefaction plant in Egypt, which will pave the 
way for the creation of a gas hub in the Mediterranean East and the 
opening of a new gas supply route for Europe.
In addition, a strategic agreement is being finalized with Petronas 
to combine the respective gas portfolios in Indonesia and Malaysia, 
laying the foundations for setting-up a company expected to produce 
500 thousand boe/d in the medium term over a long production 
plateau thanks to the significant potential of our discoveries. 
The E&P disposal program has moved forward, as we divested non-
strategic oil activities in Alaska, Nigeria and Congo, in line with our 
strategy of rationalizing the upstream portfolio with increasing focus 
on core projects.
Thanks to production growth and cost control, E&P achieved €13 
billion of proforma adjusted EBIT.
GGP confirms the solidity of its business model, capable of 
generating stable economic results, with €1.1 billion of proforma 
adjusted EBIT in 2024, leveraging the continuous optimization of its 
gas and LNG portfolio.
Plenitude and Enilive, our satellites committed to offering increasingly 
decarbonized products and services to customers, continue to grow 
and generate value. Both achieved their annual profitability targets, 
with approximately €1 billion of proforma adjusted EBITDA each, 
despite the unfavorable environment.
Plenitude reached an installed capacity of 4.1 GW (+37% vs. 2023); 
Enilive started the construction of three biorefineries: in Livorno, 
through the conversion of the existing Eni plant, in South Korea and 
in Malaysia, in joint ventures with local partners. 
In 2024, the investment of the KKR fund in Enilive, through the acquisition 
of a minority stake of 25% worth €2.9 billion, and that of EIP in Plenitude, 
for a total stake of 10% in two separate transactions for a total proceed 
of €0.8 billion, confirm the innovative nature of the integrated business 
model and the significant growth prospects of the two Eni’s subsidiaries. 
These transactions are concrete and successful examples of 
Eni’s satellite strategy, aimed at creating financially independent 
businesses in the transition with high growth prospects, securing 
access to strategic capital pools and unlocking their market value. 
In February 2025, the KKR fund agreed with Eni to increase its stake 
in Enilive to 30%, for an additional consideration of €0.6 billion.
Thanks to the progress of our CO2 capture and storage projects, 
mainly in Italy, with the launch of Ravenna CCS Phase 1, and in 
the UK, where the sanctioning of the HyNet project is progressing 
rapidly, we have opened up opportunities to create a new satellite in 
the transition businesses.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Versalis will undergo a comprehensive plan to recover profitability 
by restructuring loss-making activities in cracking and polyethylene 
production, and by upgrading the product portfolio to a high-value 
platform focused on biochemistry, circular/recycling economy, and 
specialized polymers. This plan will allow the evolution of Versalis 
towards a business model capable of exploiting our technological 
skills to create competitive advantages in the transition, in line with 
Eni’s strategy.
The success of Eni’s strategy, the competitiveness of the business 
and access to new markets and growth opportunities are driven by 
our technologies, both those developed in the context of traditional 
activities and those developed in laboratory with the aim of achieving 
breakthroughs. 
The growing biorefining and CCS businesses were initially established 
thanks to our intangible capital of proven technologies developed in 
the traditional field, such as Ecofining™, an innovation derived from 
traditional refining, and reservoir technologies for CO2 storage. 
The transformation of traditional refining and Versalis will leverage 
both the conversion of plants into biorefineries and the production 
of storage systems, and innovative technologies such as Hoop® for 
the chemical recycling of plastics and Waste-to-Chemicals for the 
production of circular methanol/hydrogen from waste. 
We are progressing technologies that promise to become 
breakthrough, namely the magnetic confinement fusion for generating 
zero-emission electricity, with the goal of starting commercial 
production at the beginning of the next decade.
Eni’s technological progresses and the development of new energy 
solutions will exploit the vast computational capacity of our new 
HPC6 supercomputer, which represents an essential lever in all 
business phases and for achieving the Net Zero goal by 2050. This 
asset complemented by with key elements, like existing space at 
our industrial sites and the electricity supplied by our gas-fired 
power plants and decarbonized thanks to CCS, will be a factor in 
pursuing new, exciting business opportunities. In February 2025, 
Eni agreed a partnership with UAE’s companies for the development 
of data centers in Italy powered by “blue power”, within the broader 
framework of collaboration agreements that also embrace the 
transmission of renewable energy through interconnection 
between Albania and Italy and critical minerals.
Our business is becoming increasingly sustainable and with a low 
emission impact. Our most recent upstream projects, Baleine in Côte 
d’Ivoire and Argo/Cassiopea in Italy, are designed to achieve net zero 
emissions (Scope 1 and 2) from the start-up phase; thanks to these 
and other efficiency initiatives, net Upstream emissions, in equity 
share, decreased by 55% in 2024 (vs. 2018 baseline), in line with the 
Net Zero Upstream goal by 2030.
In 2024, we published the first Methane Report, reaffirming our goal 
of reaching near-zero methane emissions by 2030. 
As part of the CEO Water Mandate initiative, we are engaged in 
achieving water positivity by 2035 in at least 30% of our operated 
sites, with withdrawals greater than 0.5 Mm3/year of fresh water in 
water-stressed areas. Appreciating our commitment to sustainability, 
Moody’s ESG Solutions confirmed Eni’s positioning in the Advanced 
range, the highest of the rank, for the Company’s proven capabilities 
in managing ESG risks.
These results are based on our business model and on the levers of 
operational excellence, asset integrity and HSE culture of protecting 
the safety of people in the workplace, communities, the environment, 
and property from the intrinsic risk associated with the complexity, 
reach and scale of our activities. 
The tragic event occurred at the Calenzano storage hub, with its 
tragic toll of human lives, is absolutely in contrast with our corporate 
culture and values that prioritize the safety of people and the integrity 
of our assets. All of us at Eni wish to express our compassion and 
support to the affected families. The organization maintains and 
strengthens its commitment to operational safety and the pursuit 
of the goal of zero accidents in the workplace, which we continue to 
support with significant professional and economic resources.
STRATEGY
Over the next four years, Eni’s strategy will be focused on the 
businesses where we can boast competitive advantages, which 
will fuel leading risk-adjusted growth and returns. Eni’s industrial 
plans aim at accelerating the Group’s profitable growth and its 
diversification, maximizing the benefits of the satellite model and 
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

maintaining a solid capital structure and a growing distribution policy. 
In line with our strict return criteria applied to projects’ selection, we 
will grow organically in the Upstream segment and progress along 
our transition and transformation trajectory, leveraging our portfolio 
to anticipate value creation and to balance market exposure. 
For the next four years, we have launched a €33 billion investment 
plan, equal to €27 billion when considering the contribution of net 
proceeds from the portfolio program, which will be self-financed 
through operating cash flows. 
Planned expenditures will target development of upstream projects, 
mainly gas ones, and the exploration for reserves’ replacement, the 
build-up of renewable capacity, expansion of biorefineries, Versalis’ 
transformation and the traditional refinery reconversion. 
Hydrocarbon production is expected to grow at an average rate of 
3-4% per year (2-3% net of disposals). Plenitude’s renewable capacity 
is expected to reach 10 GW in 2028, more than double the current level; 
biofuel production capacity will increase to over 3 million tons/year by 
2028, with an important flexibility lever given by SAF optionality. 
Versalis, thanks to the development of the new bio, circularity and 
transition platforms and the closure of most of its commodity 
activities (crackers in Ragusa, Brindisi, Priolo) is expected to return 
to breakeven in 2028. 
As part of the industrial transformation, we will complete the 
conversion of the Livorno plant into a new biorefinery, with start-
up expected by the end of 2026, and we will move forward with the 
conversion of the Sannazzaro and Priolo sites in bio plants.
Active portfolio management is confirmed as one of the main 
sources of self-financing thanks to the enhancement of our satellites 
and the Dual Exploration Model, whose net contribution is expected 
at approximately €6 billion in the 2025-2028 period.
Considering the planned actions and projections of robust 
profitability going forward and a solid financial structure, we expect 
to distribute to shareholders between 35% and 40% of the adjusted 
CFFO, a higher rate than in the past, by progressively increasing the 
dividend and through share repurchases. In case of any scenario 
upside with respect to our plans, we intend to return up to 60% 
of the excess cash through share repurchases. For 2025 we are 
proposing a dividend of €1.05 per share (+5% vs. 2024) and a share 
buy-back program of €1.5 billion, with possible upside up to €3.5 
billion.
We confirm our continuous commitment towards achieving the goal 
of Net Zero Scope 1 and 2 emissions at the upstream business by 
2030 and at all other Eni activities by 2035.
Finally, the ’25-’28 plan projects an increasingly competitive, 
profitable and financially sound company thanks to our distinctive 
growth model, which will be applied both to traditional and transition-
related businesses. We are going to monetize the organic growth 
opportunities of our portfolio and to maximize the value of our 
satellites to effectively manage current and future market challenges, 
ensuring reliable, affordable and lower emission supplies. 
To conclude, we would like to thank Eni’s people, our main asset, 
who have once again proved their commitment and dedication to the 
Company, making it possible to reach this year’s achievements, while 
being ready for future challenges.
Rome, March 18, 2025
Giuseppe Zafarana
Chairman of the Board
Claudio Descalzi
Chief Executive Officer
On behalf of the Board of Directors
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

MANAGEMENT 
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CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX
Management
Report
4
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024

MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
ANNEX
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Activities	
6
Business model	
8
Main events	
12
Eni at a glance	
14
Strategy	
18
Integrated Risk Management	
22
Governance	
28
OPERATING REVIEW
Exploration & Production	
42
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio and Power	
62
CCS and Agri	
68
Enilive and Plenitude	
72
Refining and Chemicals	
78
Environmental activities 	
84
FINANCIAL REVIEW AND OTHER INFORMATION
Financial review	
88
Risk factors and uncertainties 	
114
Outlook 	
131
SUSTAINABILITY STATEMENT	
132
Certification of the Sustainability Statement pursuant to article 81-ter, paragraph 1, 
of the Consob Regulation n. 11971 of May 14, 1999 and subsequent changes and additions 	
267
Other information	
268
Glossary	
269
5
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024

~32,500  
strategy based 
our employees 
64
Countries where
we operate
PURCHASE OF BIO
AND RENEWABLE
RAW MATERIALS,
WASTE AND RESIDUES
DEVELOPMENT OF
AGRI-FEEDSTOCK
PURCHASE
OF GAS FROM
THIRD PARTIES
PRODUCTION
FROM RENEWABLE
SOURCES
OIL AND GAS
PRODUCTION
EXPLORATION
AND
DEVELOPMENT
TRANSMISSION
NETWORK
TRADING
& SHIPPING
CARBON OFFSETS
ELECTRICITY GENERATION
REMEDIATION, WATER AND 
WASTE INTO DEVELOPMENT
TRADITIONAL AND
BIOREFINING
AND PETROCHEMICALS
THIRD PARTY INDUSTRY
OUR VALUE CHAIN
Activities
Eni is an energy company, integrated along the entire value chain. It has a significant presence in the traditional 
activities of exploration and production of conventional oil and gas and in the marketing of gas/LNG through an 
extensive supply portfolio. 
In the downstream oil/petrochemicals industry, a major process of transformation and reconversion  is underway. 
Eni is engaged through innovative business models in the development of new energies and decarbonisation 
services: renewables from solar/wind, biofuels, biochemistry, CO2 capture/sequestration and research lines 
on new energy paradigms (magnetic fusion, chemical recycling of plastics). Eni has a large customer base of 
both industrial and end-user customers. The Group’s distinctive strategy is founded on competitive advantages, 
in-house expertise and proprietary technologies as reference points with the aim to grow, create value and 
transform the Company. In traditional activities, growth and returns leverage on successful exploration, with 
an option for early monetisation of discoveries, efficient resource development and the establishment of 
independent entities in synergy with qualified partners, in focused geographic areas, to pursue development 
opportunities and profitability. 
In activities related to the energy transition, Eni’s satellite model involves the establishment of entities engaged in the 
development of products and solutions with reduced carbon footprint, capable, thanks to the entry of dedicated capital, 
of growing autonomously and financially independently, releasing value for the parent company, as evidenced by the 
successes of Enilive and Plenitude. The effective execution of the strategy is based on financial discipline in costs 
and investments and a robust capital structure, with the help of solid corporate governance and risk identification and 
management processes, allows for continued investment in the business and competitive returns to shareholders. The 
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
6
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REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

CAPTURE, STORAGE
AND USE OF CO²
OIL AND GAS
TRADITIONAL AND
BIOREFINING AND
PETROCHEMICALS
ELECTRICITY
AND STEAM 
PHOTOVOLTAIC
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
E-MOBILITY
FOOD
LUBRICANTS
RETAIL
MARKETS
HOST
COUNTRIES
BUSINESS
MARKETS
SERVICES
FUEL
BIOFUEL
SERVICES
CCUS
NETWORK SERVICES
PRODUCTS
achievement of the Net Zero goal by 2050 involves the use of available technologies capable of 
immediately contributing to the reduction of emissions, such as:
•	gas component as a bridge energy source in the transition, flanked by investments to reduce CO2 
and methane emissions;
•	traditional refining technologies applied in the production of biofuels, using raw materials of organic 
origin, not competing with the food chain in the context of the development of agri-business to 
contribute to the decarbonisation of transport without sudden changes to existing infrastructures;
•	renewables through increased installed capacity and integration with the retail business, leveraging 
a large customer base;
•	Carbon Capture Utilization and/or Storage (CCUS), able to provide a concrete contribution to the 
reduction of emissions, in particular in hard-to-abate sectors, thanks to the development of hubs 
for the storage of CO2;
•	technologies for the production of bioplastics and mechanical recycling of used plastics.
The scale use of these solutions together with research and development of breakthrough technologies, 
such as magnetic confinement fusion, can contribute to change the energy paradigm in the long term.
Eni’s operations use a global supply chain for the procurement of capital goods, raw materials, 
works and services. The main assets procured were logistics support for the well area and ancillary 
services, offshore installations, engineering services for the oil and gas sector, professional services 
and well drilling services.
Enilive and Plenitude
Refining and Chemicals
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio and Power
Exploration & Production*
EUROPE
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Estonia
France
Germany 
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
The Netherlands
The United Kingdom
Turkey
AFRICA
Algeria
Angola
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire 
Egypt
Ghana
Kenya
Libya
Mozambique
Namibia
Nigeria
Rwanda
Tunisia
ASIA AND OCEANIA
Australia
Bahrain
China
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iraq
Kazakhstan
Lebanon
Malaysia
Oman
Pakistan
Qatar
Russia
Saudi Arabia 
Singapore
South Korea
Timor Leste
Turkmenistan
United Arab Emirates
Vietnam
AMERICA
Argentina
Brazil
Canada
Colombia
Mexico
The United States
Venezuela
(*) CCUS and agri-business included
ENI WORLDWIDE 
PRESENCE
7
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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ANNEX

Eni’s business model supports the company’s commitment to a socially fair energy transition and is 
aimed at achieving solid financial returns and creating long-term value for the stakeholders through 
a strong presence along the energy value chain. The company’s mission integrates the Sustainable 
Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations.
Eni is committed to contribute to ensuring energy security, leveraging on a global portfolio and on 
alliances with producing countries. At the same time, Eni implements a transition strategy based on 
a technologically neutral and pragmatic approach, aimed at maintaining the competitiveness of the 
production system and social sustainability.
These objectives leverage on a diversified geographical presence and a portfolio of solutions 
technologies that will create an increasingly decarbonized energy mix. Essential to achieve these 
objectives, the partnerships and alliances with stakeholders are used to ensure an active involvement 
in the definition of Eni’s activities and in the transformation of the energetic system.
Eni’s business model combines the use of technologies, largely proprietary, enhancing the value 
of internal skills and a strategic network of collaborations, with the development of an innovative 
model which provides for the creation of dedicated companies capable of autonomously finance 
their growth and, at the same time, to bring out the real value of each business.
Eni is present along the entire value chain – from exploration, development and extraction of 
resources to the marketing of energy, products and services to end customers – developing robust 
models of integrated business that enhance their industrial assets and customer base.
This integrated model is supported by the Corporate Governance system, based on the transparency 
and integrity principles, and the Integrated Risk Management process, which is functional to ensure, 
through the assessment and analysis of the risks and opportunities of the reference context, informed 
and strategic decisions and the materiality analysis that explores the most significant impacts 
generated by Eni on the economy, environment and people, including those on human rights.
The operation of the business model is based on the best possible use of all resources (inputs) 
available to the organization and their transformation into output, through the implementation 
of the strategy. Intangible resources are an integral part of the Eni’s value creation process and 
include people’s skills, innovation and relations with stakeholders, which is matter of disclosure in 
the sustainability reporting. Eni also organically combines its business plan with the principles of 
environmental and social sustainability, articulating its actions along five guidelines, each oriented 
towards specific results (outcomes):
Business model
The results achieved 
during the year and 
the further progress 
in the growth and 
value generation 
strategy once again 
demonstrate the 
solidity of Eni’s 
business model, 
leveraging the asset 
portfolio and the 
satellite model, 
confirming the 
Group’s distinctive 
competitive 
advantage in the 
transition
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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  CARBON NEUTRALITY BY 2050
Eni has embarked on a path that will lead to the decarbonization of processes and products by 2050, considering the emissions generated along 
the entire life cycle of energy products. This path, achieved through existing and evolving technologies, will allow Eni to break down its carbon 
footprint, both in terms of net emissions and net carbon intensity. In this context, Eni believes that natural gas has a role as a bridge energy source 
in the transition, following its accessibility, reliability, versatility and reduced carbon content compared to other fossil fuels, and in a complementary 
way with respect to other technological and energy solutions that will gradually become more and more relevant in facing energy demand.
  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Eni is committed to protect the environment through the search for innovative solutions aimed at reducing the impact of its operations, ensuring 
efficient use of natural resources, the protection of biodiversity and water resources, and the promotion of development models based on 
regenerative principles of the circular economy, with the aim of maximizing the recovery and valorization of waste and scraps. 
  VALUE OF OUR PEOPLE
Eni recognizes the value of its people as a fundamental element for the success of the company and for this reason guarantees a working 
environment free from any form of discrimination that favors the full development of everyone’s potential, promoting the development of a 
culture based on dissemination of knowledge. Eni also complies with the highest international standards in terms of health and safety and 
adopts appropriate measures aimed at protecting people and assets. 
  ALLIANCES FOR DEVELOPMENT
Eni aims to contribute to the reduction of energy poverty in the countries in which it operates, integrating the development of industrial 
projects and initiatives aimed at host communities, transferring know-how and skills to local partners. According to the so-called “Dual 
Flag” approach, Eni’s action is based on a deep respect for the individual, on knowledge of local instances and on the willingness to engage 
alongside countries to promote the sustainable development, also through partnerships with nationally and internationally recognized 
actors. In these countries, Eni promotes initiatives to support local communities to promote, in addition to the access to energy, economic 
diversification, training, community health, access to water and sanitation and land protection, in collaboration with international actors and 
in line with National Development Plans and the 2030 Agenda.
  SUSTAINABILITY IN THE VALUE CHAIN
Eni promotes the sustainable development of its supply chain, recognizing its key role in the transformation path undertaken. Through a systemic 
and inclusive approach, Eni shares values, commitments and targets with its suppliers, supporting and involving them in the growth path. Jointly, 
Eni supports its customers by offering cutting-edge energy solutions to help them play a leading role in the energy transition and communicates 
with them in an honest and transparent way, providing quality products and services in line with their needs. 
Eni’s business model is developed along these five lines by leveraging the development and application of innovative technologies and the 
process digitization. In implementing this model, Eni guarantees respect for human rights in the context of its activities and promotes them 
with its partners and stakeholders, also pursuing operations based on the values of responsibility, integrity and transparency.
9
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

VALUE CREATION FOR ALL STAKEHOLDERS
INPUT
BIOCHEMISTRY
AZULE ENERGY
CCUS
VÅR ENERGI
ITHACA
PLENITUDE
ENILIVE
FINANCIAL 
RESOURCES
Net Invested Capital 
(€ bln) 74.3
Capex (€ bln) 8.8
Contribution of portfolio 
operations (€ bln) 3.5 
(proforma)
INDUSTRIAL ASSETS
Biorefinery 
capacity 
(mln tons/y) 1.652
Group renewable 
capacity (GW) 4.11
RESEARCH 
AND DEVELOPMENT 
★ R&D expenditure
(€ mln) 178
★ Patents  10,244
ENERGY 
AND NATURAL 
RESOURCES
Oil & gas 
exp/development licenses 
(thousand km2) 211
Net proved reserves  
(mln boe) 6.5
Fresh water withdrawals 
(mm3) 127
PEOPLE 
AND SKILLS
Employees 32,492
Women in the 
Labour force (%) 28.3
★ Training hours 
(thousand)  1,027
RELATIONS AND 
COLLABORATIONS
★ Gas & power 
customers (million) 101
Investments for local 
development  (€ mln) 88.8
* SATELLITE
MODEL
OUR
I
N
T
E
G
R
A
T
ED      
S
A
T
E
L
LI
T
E 
M
O
D
E
L*
GLOBAL NATURAL
RESOURCES
C
O
R
P
O
R
A
T
E
 
G
O
V
E
R
N
A
N
C
E
PROPRIETARY 
TECHNOLOGIES AND
 BREAKTHROUGH
OPERATIONAL
EXCELLENCE
ENERGY
SOURCES
DIVERSIFICATION
STRATEGY 
AND TARGET
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
10
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Through an integrated presence across the entire energy value chain
OUTCOME AND OUTPUT
FINANCIAL 
PERFORMANCE
Shareholders 
remuneration(€ bln) 5.1
Adjusted Cash Flow 
(€ bln) 13.6 
Proforma adj EBIT 
(€ bln)  14.3
Leverage proforma 
0.15 
INDUSTRIAL 
PERFORMANCE
Production of 
hydrocarbons 
(Kboe/d) 1,707
LNG volumes 
contracted 
(MTPA) 13.4
Energy production 
from renewable 
sources  (TWh) 4,71
ENI PEOPLE
TRIR (total recordable 
injuries/worked hours)  
0.69
Women in managerial 
positions +3.4% vs. 2020 
ENVIRONMENT
Net Carbon Footprint Eni
Scope 1+2 (mln ton CO2eq.) 
23.6
Net Carbon 
Footprint upstream
Scope 1+2 (mln ton Co2eq.) 
6.8
Reuse 
of fresh water (%) 90
LOCAL COMMUNITIES 
Taxes paid (€ bln) 5.8
People reached with 
local development 
projects  over 2 million
CUSTOMERS 
AND CONSUMERS
EV charging points 
(thousand of units)  21.31
Biofuels sales 
(ktons)  9822
Natural gas sales (bcm)  50.9
★ Intangibles
1) 100% Plenitude, 2) 100% Enilive 
ENVIRONMENTAL 
PROTECTION
VALUE OF 
OUR PEOPLE
ALLIANCES FOR 
DEVELOPMENT
CARBON 
NEUTRALITY 
BY 2050
SUSTAINABILITY
IN THE VALUE 
CHAIN
MISSION
    VA
L
U
E
 
C
H
A
I
N
FI
N
A
N
C
I
A
L 
D
IS
CI
P
LI
N
E
INDUSTRIAL
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSITION 
BUSINESSES
R
I
S
K
 
M
A
N
A
G
E
M
E
N
T
LARGE 
PORTFOLIO OF 
OPPORTUNITIES
COMPETITIVE 
ADVANTAGES 
11
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Main events
JANUARY
FEBRUARY
MARCH
APRIL
MAY
JUNE
Plenitude signed an agreement with 
EDPR to acquire 0.38 GW of 
photovoltaic generation capacity 
in the US.
Entry into the BlueFloat Energy-sener 
Renewable investments partnership 
for the development of offshore 
wind farms in Spain
Established a joint venture 
Enilive-LG Chem for the 
construction and 
management of a 
biorefinery in South Korea. 
Approved the decision on the 
conversion of the Livorno 
refinery into a biorefinery
Enilive as
title sponsor 
of Serie A 
until 2027
Completed the 
appraisal of the 
Cronos discovery 
in Block 6 offshore 
Cyprus
First LNG cargo 
from Congo just 
one year after the 
project approval
Plenitude started construction 
of the Renopool photovoltaic 
plant in Spain with a capacity 
of 330 MW
Versalis finalised the 
acquisition of Tecnofilm 
SpA, a company specialized 
in the compounding sector
Eni and International Finance 
Corporation (IFC) signed a collaboration 
agreement for a total financing of $210 
mln for agri-feedstock development 
in Kenya
Eni for the fifth time was the 
most highly rated 
exploration company in 
Wood Mackenzie's annual 
survey
Calao 
discovery 
offshore Côte 
d'Ivoire, the 
second 
largest in the 
country
Finalized the 
agreement for EIP 
to enter Plenitude's 
share capital 
through a reserved 
capital increase of 
€0.6 bln (7.6% 
stake)
Renewed 
membership 
in the MIT Energy 
Initiative focused 
on technological 
innovations for 
achieving the 
Net Zero 
Finalised 
the sale to 
Perenco of 
upstream 
assets in 
Congo 
Enilive Iberia 
completed the 
acquisition of 
Atenoil, a 
company with 
a network of 
service 
stations in 
Spain
Completed the 
sale of 10% 
of the share 
capital of 
Saipem  with 
proceeds of 
€0.4 bln
Launched Great 
Limpopo project 
in Mozambique 
to protect 
forests and 
counteract 
deforestation 
causes in line 
with the UN 
REDD+ protocol
Agreement with 
Hilcorp, one of the 
largest private US 
companies 
operating in 
Alaska, for the sale 
of 100% of Eni's 
Nikaitchuq and 
Oooguruk assets
Completed the acquisition of the UK 
oil & gas operator Neptune Energy 
in agreement with Eni's associate 
Vår Energi
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
12
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

AUGUST
JULY
SEPTEMBER
OCTOBER
NOVEMBER
DECEMBER
New discovery 
in the Yopaat-1 EXP 
exploration well 
drilled in Block 9 
in Mexico
Completed the 
new wind farm 
with a capacity of 
39 MW in Calabria, 
Italy
Reached the Final 
Investment Decision 
(FID) to develop a 
biorefinery in Malaysia 
by Petronas, Enilive and 
Euglena
Started gas 
production from 
the Argo 
Cassiopea field 
in the Sicilian 
Canal
Finalized the 
divestment 
of onshore 
oil assets in 
Nigeria
Approved the Development Plan for the 
Geng North (North Ganal PSC) and 
Gehem (Rapak PSC) fields with the 
creation of the Northern Hub production 
hub in the Kutei Basin. Approved the 
Ganal PSC development; a 20-year 
extension of Ganal and Rapak licences 
awarded
Launch of 
On the Road, 
the new 
identity for 
electric 
mobility 
services
Completed the 
business 
combination with 
Ithaca Energy's 
oil & gas assets 
in the UK
Signed with KKR 
the agreement to 
acquire 25% of 
Enilive's share 
capital with an 
investment of 
€2.9 bln
Announced the 
chemical 
transformation, 
decarbonisation and 
revitalisation plan 
Finalised the 
divestment of 
upstream 
assets in 
Alaska to 
Hilcorp 
Agreement to 
further increase 
EIP’s share in 
Plenitude of €0,2 
bln (2.4%) 
Launched the 
supercomputer 
HPC6, supporting 
Eni's 
decarbonisation
Launched the 
Nguya FLNG 
floating unit for 
Congo LNG 
project
Acquired 4 
exploratory 
blocks 
offshore 
Côte d'Ivoire 
Launched with 
Snam the Italy's 
first CO2 capture 
and storage 
project, Ravenna 
CCS
Established a new 
organizational 
set-up of the 
Company 
articulated on 
three business 
groups
Started Phase 2 of 
the Baleine project 
in Côte d'Ivoire
Agreement between 
Enilive and EasyJet for 
the supply of Saf in 
Italy
13
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

2024 was an exceptional year of growth and value creation for Eni, underpinned by its financial framework and cost discipline. 
The Group is well positioned to ensure the execution of the decarbonization strategy, energy security and affordability leveraging 
on its asset portfolio and resilient satellite model. Outstanding results of the year reflected the success of Eni’s strategy aiming at 
value creation and transformation trajectory in the long term by leveraging our technological expertise. Diligent financial discipline 
and projects’ selection allows Eni to continue to grow achieving positive results, upgrading the portfolio activities, while maintaining 
a robust balance sheet keeping our leverage at a low level.
Eni at a Glance
PROFORMA ADJUSTED EBIT  (€ bln)
0
10
20
30
2024
2023
2022
17.8
14.3
Subsidiaries
25.3
20.4
13.8
10.3
4
4
4.9
Main JV/Associates
Proforma adjusted EBIT
CASH GENERATION  (€ bln)
0
10
20
2024
2023
2022
Organic capex
20.4
13.6
FCF
 Brent dated
Adjusted operating cash flow 
12.1
7.3
4.8
8.2
9.2
8.8
16.5
101
83
81
Adjusted operating cash flow of €13.6 bln was driven by the effective 
strategy execution, new projects contribution and financial discipline, and 
largely covered the organic capex of €8.8 bln, itself below plan guidance of 
€9.0 bln.
GLOBAL NATURAL RESOURCES
EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION 
Outstanding production performance: +3% hydrocarbons production growth driven 
by organic projects start-ups and the full integration of Neptune acquired assets. 
Exploration industry-leader 
1.2 bln boe of new resources, mainly in Indonesia, Côte d’Ivoire, Cyprus and Mexico, 
creating future development opportunities and options for early monetization 
of our discoveries, consistent with Eni’s dual exploration model.
Portfolio high-grading
Creation of a new geographically-focused UK satellite Ithaca Energy; 
finalized the Neptune business combination strengthening Eni’s
positions in key areas like Indonesia, Algeria and the UK. 
Disposal of non-core assets in Nigeria, Congo and Alaska.
GGP AND POWER
GGP confirms the solidity of its business model, capable of 
generating robust economic results with €1.1 bln of proforma 
adjusted EBIT, 40% above original base case guidance, leveraging on 
the continuous optimization of its gas/LNG portfolio and its competitive 
edge in global LNG player. Enhanced assets and contracts portfolio. 
TRANSITION BUSINESSES 
PLENITUDE
Excellent operating results
the installed capacity from renewables increased 
by over 30% to 4.1 GW. Customer base were 
more than 10 mln of POD.
Unlocking company value
second tranche of EIP’s investment into Plenitude 
for a total proceed of about €0.2 billion, increasing 
its stake up to 10%.
  
Robust economic performance 
Proforma adjusted EBITDA was €1.1 bln, above 
original base case guidance, driven by a solid 
performance in the retail market.
In 2024, Eni delivered another year of growth and value creation by leveraging 
its asset portfolio and the satellite model, achieving steady financial results 
with €14.3 bln of adjusted proforma EBIT, which includes the contribution as 
Eni’s share of the main joint ventures and affiliates.
Plenitude and Enilive delivered on their EBITDA 
target despite a challenging environment and 
continued to grow.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
14
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

LEVERAGE AND DEBT
Net borrowings (€ bln)
Leverage (%)
5
0
10
15
20
2024
2023
2022
20
13
5.1
5.4
4.9
15*
*on proforma basis
7
10.9
12.2
SHAREHOLDERS REMUNERATION  (€ bln)
2024
2023
2022
Dividends
Buy-back
3.1
3.1
3
2
1.8
2.4
2024 shareholders returns were €5.1 bln through dividends (€3.1 bln) and the 
execution of a near doubled €2 bln share buy-back program, 80% completed 
at year-end enabled by portfolio actions executed faster and for better value 
than planned.
Proforma leverage stands at historical low 15%, taking into account cash 
in from the 25% KKR investment in Enilive (€2.9 bln), the second tranche 
of EIP’s investment into Plenitude (about €0.2 bln) and other minor 
agreed transactions.
ENILIVE
Solid customer base 
about 1.5 mln clients per day.
Biorefining development 
Bio throughputs increased by 29%.
Business developments 
First biojet plant in Sicily commenced 
operation.
Final Investment Decision  
taken to build/conversion  
a biorefinery in Italy,  
South Korea  
and Malaysia. 
INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMATION
REFINING
Operating activity resilience
Total throughputs on own accounts 
were 24.2 mmtonnes, in a challenging 
market 
scenario, 
less 
favorable 
products 
crack 
spreads, 
weak 
demand, overcapacity and competitive 
pressures from other geographies.
Business developments 
Started conversion of the Livorno 
traditional plant into a biorefinery. 
2024
2023
2022
BRENT DATED ($/BL)
AVERAGE EUR/USD
EXCHANGE RATE
STANDARD ENI REFINING 
MARGIN (SERM) ($/BL)
PSV (€/MWh)
101.19
82.62
80.76
2024
2023
2022
2024
2023
2022
2024
2023
2022
1.053
1.081
1.082
42
36
122
8.1
8.1
5.1
VERSALIS
Restructure and reconversion 
Launched a restructuring and transformation 
plan leveraging on our technological leadership 
to create competitive advantages in the 
transition and circular economy businesses. 
A new investment plan will be executed to 
develop new high-value chemical platforms 
focused on transition, circular economy and 
specialized products while restructuring efforts 
will address exposure to basic chemicals, with 
an overall net positive impact on employment. 
15
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

2024
2023
2022
FINANCIAL  
HIGHLIGHTS
Sales from operations
(€ million)
88,797
93,717
132,512
Operating profit (loss)
5,238
8,257
17,510
Adjusted operating profit (loss)(a)
10,348
13,805
20,386
Proforma adjusted operating profit (loss)(a)
14,322
17,809
25,333
Exploration & Production
13,022
13,538
21,062
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio and Power
1,274
3,599
2,333
Enilive and Plenitude
1,143
1,253
1,473
Refining and Chemicals
(713)
46
1,161
Adjusted net profit (loss)(a)(b) 
5,257
8,322
13,301
Net profit (loss)(b)
2,624
4,771
13,887
Adjusted net cash before changes in working capital at replacement cost
13,590
16,498
20,380
Capital expenditure
8,485
9,215
8,056
of which: exploration 
433
784
708
development of hydrocarbon reserves
5,564
6,293
5,238
Dividend to Eni's shareholders pertaining to the year(c)
3,167
3,034
2,972
Cash dividend to Eni's shareholders 
3,068
3,046
3,009
Total assets at year end
146,939
142,606
152,130
Shareholders' equity including non-controlling interests at year end
55,648
53,644
55,230
Net borrowings at year end before IFRS 16
12,175
10,899
7,026
Net borrowings at year end after IFRS 16
18,628
16,235
11,977
Net capital employed at year end
74,276
69,879
67,207
of which: Exploration & Production
56,132
51,687
50,905
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio and Power
(1,322)
1,876
859
Enilive and Plenitude
10,396
8,688
8,832
Refining and Chemicals
7,760
7,868
7,683
Share price at year end
(€)
13.1
15.4
13.3
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
(million)
3,167.0
3,303.8
3,483.6
Market capitalization(d)
(€ billion)
40
50
48
2024
2023
2022
SUMMARY  
FINANCIAL DATA
Net profit (loss)
- per share(a)
(€)
0.78
1.40
3.95
- per ADR(a)(b)
($)
1.69
3.03
8.32
Adjusted net profit (loss)
- per share(a)
(€)
1.60
2.47
3.78
- per ADR(a)(b)
($)
3.46
5.34
7.96
Cash flow
- per share(a)
(€)
4.13
4.58
5.01
- per ADR(a)(b)
($)
8.94
9.90
10.55
Adjusted return on average capital employed (ROACE) 
(%)
7.6
12.3
22.0
Leverage before IFRS 16
22
20
13
Gearing
25
23
18
Coverage
8.7
17.5
18.9
Current ratio
1.2
1.3
1.3
Debt coverage
70.3
93.1
145.8
Net Debt/EBITDA adjusted
100.5
74.4
43.0
Dividend pertaining to the year
(€ per share)
1.00
0.94
0.88
Total Share Return (TSR)
(%)
(9)
23
16
2024
2023
2022
EMPLOYEES
Exploration & Production
(number)
9,188
9,840
9,733
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio and Power
1,151
1,130
1,317
Enilive and Plenitude
5,899
5,759
5,303
Refining and Chemicals
10,060
10,449
9,770
Corporate and other activities
6,194
5,964
6,065
Group
32,492
33,142
32,188
(a) Non-GAAP measures.  
(b) Attributable to Eni’s shareholders.
(c) The amount of dividend for the year 
2024 is based on the Board’s proposal.
(d) Number of outstanding shares by 
reference price at year end.
(a) Fully diluted. Ratio of net profit/
cash flow and average number of shares 
outstanding in the period. Dollar amounts 
are converted on the basis of the average 
EUR/USD exchange rate quoted by Reuters 
(WMR) for the period presented.
(b)  One American Depositary Receipt (ADR) 
is equal to two Eni ordinary shares.
2024
2023
2022
INNOVATION
R&D expenditure
(€ million)
178
166
164
First patent filing application
(number)
39
28
23
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
16
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

2024
2023
2022
CLIMATE
Net carbon footprint upstream (Scope 1+2)(a)
(mmtonnes CO2 eq.)
6.8
9.0
10.0
Net carbon footprint Eni (Scope 1+2)(a)
23.6
26.2
30.0
Indirect GHG emissions (Scope 3) - use of sold products(b)
181.0
173.7
164.3
Net GHG Lifecycle Emissions (Scope 1+2+3)(a)
395
398
419
Net Carbon Intensity (Scope 1+2+3)(a)
(gCO2 eq./MJ)
65.2
65.6
66.3
Direct GHG emissions (Scope 1)(c)
(mmtonnes CO2eq.)
21.2
22.7
25.0
Indirect GHG emissions (Scope 2)(c)
0.6
0.6
0.6
Direct methane emissions (Scope 1)(c)
(ktonnes CH4)
16.0
16.6
26.4
2024
2023
2022
HEALTH, SAFETY  
AND ENVIRONMENT(a)
TRIR (Total Recordable Injury Rate)
(total recordable injuries/worked hours) 
x 1,000,000
0.67
0.57
0.51
employees
0.69
0.66
        0.41 
contractors
0.66
0.52
        0.56 
Total volume of oil spills (> 1 barrel)
(barrels) 
    2,815     12,719 
      5,628 
of which: due to sabotage
   2,140 
      5,094 
      5,253 
      operational
      675 
      7,625 
         375 
Freshwater withdrawals 
(mmcm)
127 
109
         101 
Re-injected production water
(%)
51
42
43
(a) KPIs are calculated on an equity bases. Considering the update 
of the Global Warming Potential coefficients by the IPCC in 2024, 
the 2023 and 2022 data are reported accordingly.
b) GHG Protocol Category 11- Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) 
Standard. Estimated on the basis of the upstream production 
(Eni’s share) in line with IPIECA methodologies.
(c) KPIs refer to 100% of the operated assets, consolidated 
and unconsolidated, with reference to the operatorship criteria 
expressed in the standards of the Sustainability Statement. 
The 2023 and 2022 data are reported accordingly.
(a) KPIs refer to 100% of the operated assets, 
consolidated and unconsolidated, with reference to the 
operatorship criteria expressed in the standards of the 
Sustainability Statement. The 2023 and 2022 data are 
reported accordingly.
2024
2023
2022
OPERATING DATA
EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION
Hydrocarbon production
(kboe/d)
1,707
1,655
1,610
Net proved reserves of hydrocarbons
(mmboe)
6,497
6,614
6,628
Reserve life index
(years)
10.4
10.6
11.3
Organic reserve replacement ratio 
(%)
124
69
47
Profit per boe(a)(c)
($/boe)
11.3
14.5
9.8
Opex per boe(b)
9.2
8.6
8.4
Finding & Development cost per boe(b)(c) 
22.7
26.3
24.3
GLOBAL GAS & LNG PORTFOLIO AND POWER
 
 
 
Natural gas sales  
(bcm)
50.88
50.51
60.52
of which: Italy
24.40
24.40
30.67
     outside Italy
26.48
26.11
29.85
LNG sales
9.8
9.6
9.4
Thermoelectric production
(TWh) 
20.16
20.66
21.37
Power sales in the open market
26.55
27.30
30.86
ENILIVE AND PLENITUDE
 
 
 
Capacity of biorefineries
(mmtonnes/year) 
1.65
1.65
1.10
Sold production of biofuels 
(ktonnes)
982
635
428
Average biorefineries utilization rate
(%)
74
71
58
Retail market share in Italy
21.2
21.4
21.7
Retail sales of petroleum products in Europe
(mmtonnes)
7.70
7.52
7.50
Service stations in Europe at year end
(number) 
5,254
5,267
5,243
Average throughput of service stations in Europe
(kliters)
1,638
1,645
1,587
Installed capacity from renewables at period end
(GW)
4.1
3.0
2.2
Energy production from renewable sources
(TWh)
4.7
4.0
2.6
Retail and business gas sales to end customers
(bcm)
5.51
6.06
6.84
Retail and business power sales to end customers
(TWh) 
18.28
17.98
18.77
Retail and business customers at period end
(mln pod)
10.0
10.1
10.1
EV charging points
(thousand)
21.3
19.0
13.1
REFINING AND CHEMICALS
 
 
 
Refinery throughputs on own account
(mmtonnes)
24.21
27.39
27.12
Average oil refineries utilization rate
(%)
78
77
79
Production of chemical products
(ktonnes)
5,685
5,663
6,856
Average chemical plant utilization rate
(%)
50
51
59
(a) Related to consolidated subsidiaries.
(b) Includes Eni’s share in joint ventures and equity-accounted entities.
(c) Three-year average.
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Strategy
Eni continues to deliver in an ever-changing industry backdrop, demonstrating our track 
record for strong execution and our ability to manage the challenges that arise and seize 
the future opportunities that we see for our business. Eni is focussed on where we have 
distinctive competitive strengths, based around technology and integrated value chains, 
delivering competitive growth and attractive risk adjusted returns. Our consistent strategic 
approach has seen us adapt existing legacy strengths like Upstream; restructure and 
relaunch Chemicals activities; and build material new businesses across the breadth 
of our operations in the form of Plenitude, Enilive and now the CCUS satellite and the 
Indonesia-Malaysia business combination. Such achievements demonstrate the strength 
of our strategy and we expect to continue our delivery at pace in 2025 and make further 
important progress. We have also evolved and strengthened our financial framework to 
support our growth and diversification strategy and to enable us to deliver highly attractive 
shareholder returns. Notably, by introducing aligned capital into our satellites, we are 
leveraging changes in capital markets, efficiently funding our growth, and most importantly, 
revealing material value creation. In financial terms we expect to grow CFFO/share at over 
14% per year through this decade via top-line growth and materially improving returns, we 
will improve ROACE by around 6 percentage points over the same period. Additionally, the 
sustainability of Eni is significantly improved: financial leverage will be in an historically 
low range averaging 16%, 5 percentage points lower than previously. Importantly, we will 
continue to drive down operating emissions alongside providing a growing portfolio of 
zero and low carbon energy to our customers. While building a more valuable company, 
we intend to reflect our progress by continuing attractive returns to shareholders, our 
commitment to a growing dividend is our priority even as we focus on reducing our four-
year Plan average cash neutrality to below $40/bbl. The dividend will be supplemented with 
a share buy-back plan for an overall payout in the range of 35-40% of CFFO, raised from 30-
35% previously, reflecting the strategic, operational and financial advances we have made. 
Furthermore, in the event of upside in cash generation, 60% of the additional cash will be 
distributed to shareholders. This means that for 2025 we will propose a dividend of €1.05/
share, up 5% and a share buyback initially set at €1.5 billion with upside up to €3.5 billion.
Claudio Descalzi
Chief Executive Officer 
STRATEGIC PLAN
GROUP
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Eni’s industrial Plan aims to accelerate value growth and Group diversification, maximizing the benefits 
of the satellite model, maintaining a robust capital structure and a distribution policy at the top of the 
industry.
The main elements of the Strategic Plan are:
The implementation of our DISTINCTIVE  
AND CONSISTENT STRATEGY, that  
addresses the huge opportunities of an energy market 
in transformation;
Eni’s ability to adapt existing competitive strengths  
to respond to such change, having created a   
FOCUSSED PORTFOLIO of established, new 
and emerging businesses with ROBUST AND 
INTEGRATED BUSINESS MODELS to  
generate highly competitive growth and attractive returns;
A STRENGTHENED FINANCIAL  
FRAMEWORK to support the business that is  
resilient yet also innovative and flexible, enabling  
LONG TERM SUSTAINABLE VALUE 
CREATION; 
An ATTRACTIVE INVESTMENT  
PROPOSITION combining a business related to the 
transition, an increasingly valuable business and an  
attractive SHAREHOLDER DISTRIBUTIONS, 
further ENHANCED this year.
cumulative investments, net of portfolio 
transactions, of  €27 billion by 2028,  
ranging from €6.5 billion to €7 billion in 2025. 
CFFO/share growing at 14% CAGR 
to 2028 and continuing at that pace through 2030; 
cumulative CFFO over the plan to €60 billion which,  
in combination with our disciplined investment 
programme will yield €33 billion of 
Free Cash Flow;
leverage in the range of 10-20%;
Implementation of the satellite model to access and raise 
capital for business to support the growth in both 
Upstream and Transition-related activities 
unlocking the significant value which Eni continues to 
generate in all businesses; 
further enhancement of shareholders  
remuneration. Eni intends to increase the payout 
target to 35-40% of the CFFO, from the previous  
30-35%, announcing a dividend of  €1.05 per 
share, up 5%, and a buyback program worth  
€1.5 billion.
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Eni is the leading international explorer, with a 
unique model of organic growth, dual exploration 
farm-downs, leading time to market and full 
realisation of equity production margins.
With Plenitude and Enilive, Eni has created two 
high-growth integrated businesses that support 
customers in decarbonizing energy consumption 
and also contribute to diversification and resilience 
at the group level. The introduction in 2024 of new 
forms of aligned capital into these businesses 
confirmed the material value that Eni is creating 
with them.
Eni is engaged in the transformation of Versalis, in 
response to a European chemical market deeply 
deteriorated through the phasing-out of steam 
cracking activities and the development of new 
business platforms, such as compounding and 
specialized polymers, biochemistry and circularity 
Underlying production will grow by 3-4%  
per year  to 2028 and through 2030. Reported production, 
after the effects of portfolio management and high-grading 
transactions will be between 2-3% per year;
Execution on the high-quality portfolio of projects,  
high-grading and disciplined investment will drive a  
40% improvement in Upstream FCF per  
barrel to 2030; 
GLOBAL NATURAL 
RESOURCES
OTHER ESG COMMITMENTS AND TARGETS(1)
Eni has defined additional strategic commitments and objectives on priority 
ESG issues. These objectives leverage the business model, according to the 5 
levers (for more information see the business model) and integrate the evolution 
and growth of its activities, while supporting the generation of value for its 
stakeholders, through the promotion of people’s well-being, the development of 
professional skills and the definition of business models aimed at increasing the 
social impact on local communities and the supply chain. The main commitments 
and targets of sustainability in relation to the levers of the business model.
CARBON NEUTRALITY  
BY 2050
ENVIRONMENTAL 
PROTECTION
THE VALUE  
OF OUR PEOPLE
ALLIANCES  
FOR DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABILITY 
IN THE VALUE CHAIN
TRANSITION
BUSINESSES
INDUSTRIAL 
TRANSFORMATION
(1) The main challenges, solutions and projects and the complete list of commitments are described in the Sustainability 
Statement, which is broken down according to the themes of the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), 
as required by the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), ensuring coverage of the aspects relevant to the 
business model.
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GGP’s continued focus  on maximizing the value of 
its asset portfolio and generating an average of  
€800 million per year of proforma EBIT over 
the plan period, with an upside in 2025 of up to over €1 billion 
if market conditions allow;

launch in 2025 of the new satellite company 
related to the CCUS business consolidating the 
projects in a single entity and leveraging its technical and 
financial expertise;
distinctive approach to Data Centers, powered by blue 
power as significant new business area.

future growth opportunities also through the new  significant 
business combination in Indonesia-Malaysia which 
will generate important synergies to become one of the main 
operators in the LNG sector in the region;
active portfolio management with a view of playing a key role in 
value creation through the application of the “dual exploration 
model”, maintaining operatorship, combined with the disposal 
of traditional assets that are no longer strategic;

further development of trading activities  with the aim of 
fully capturing the margin deriving from the combination of business 
integration, availability of physical flows and industrial assets along the 
entire value chain; 
ROACE (Return on Average Capital Employed) to rise to   
over 15% by 2030;
EBIT break-even by 2027;
reduction in investments of approximately €350 million  
compared to the previous Plan, which will lead to  
the break-even of the FCF by 2028;
ROACE related to new business platform  
of around 10% by 2030.
Growth of PLENITUDE’s installed renewable energy 
capacity to 15 GW by 2030, enabling it to almost double 
proforma EBITDA by 2028, to €1.9 billion and grow 
further to over €2.5 billion by 2030.  
Medium-term ROACE expected at around 10%; 
Confirmed ENILIVE’s target of more than 5 million 
tonnes of biofuel production capacity by 2030 
along with the optionality of SAF to account for more than  
2 million tonnes; 
ENILIVE’s proforma EBITDA of €2.5 billion  
by 2028, reaching €3 billion by 2030.  
Enilive has the capability to generate over 15%  
of ROACE; 
probable external investments for  
Plenitude, as happened for Enilive, up to participating 
interest of about 30%.
through chemical and mechanical recycling. Versalis’ 
transformation plan also includes setting up of new 
industrial initiatives consistent with Eni’s strategy 
across both in biorefining, energy storage initiatives, 
and potentially also in data centers and artificial 
intelligence.
Confirmed the Group pathway towards Net Zero by 2050, targeting Net Zero Carbon Footprint upstream by 2030, Net Zero Carbon Footprint 
Eni by 2035, Net Zero GHG Lifecycle Emissions and Net Zero Carbon Intensity by 2050
Declared the ambition to achieve water positivity by 2050 in its operated sites, through an approach that also takes into account actions at the 
river basin level, inspired by the principles of the Net Positive Water Impact proposed by the CEO Water Mandate 
• Confirmed of the TRIR ≤0.40 over the 2025-2028 four-year period
• +15% hours of training by 2028 compared to 2024
• +4 percentage points of female population by 2030 compared to 2020
• +3.8 percentage points of female staff in positions of responsibility (Managers and Executives) by 2030 compared to 2020
Over 20 million people reached by 2030 through initiatives to support local communities in the energy access sectors (including clean cooking 
initiatives), education, to water, economic diversification, health and protection of the territory
• Maintenance of ESG assessments in proceedings for more than 90% of the Italian procurement by 2025 compared to 2023
• Proceedings with ESG assessments for 90% of foreign procurement by 2026 vs. 2023
• 100% of strategic worldwide suppliers assessed on the path to sustainable development by 2025
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IRM PROCESS
The IRM process ensures the detection, consolidation and analysis 
of all Eni’s risks and supports the BoD to verify the compatibility of 
the risk profile with the strategic targets, also in a medium/long-term 
approach. The IRM supports management in the decision-making 
process by strengthening awareness of the risk profile and the 
associated mitigations. 
The process, regulated by the Global Procedure “Integrated Risk 
Management” is continuous, dynamic and includes the following 
sub-processes: 
i 	
Risk strate­gy;
ii 	 Integrated Risk Assessment;
iii 	 Integrated Country Risk; 
iv 	 Integrated Project & M&A Risk Management.
The IRM process starts from the specialist contribution to the 
elaboration of the Strategic Plan provided on the basis of the 
overall risk management activity, with particular reference to the 
definition of the de-risking areas, the analysis of the risk profile 
underlying the Plan proposal and the identification of the main 
Integrated Risk Management
actions with effective de-risking of the strategic company’s 
top risks. The results of the activities are presented to the 
Administrative and Control bodies in times consistent with the 
Strategic Planning process.
The “Integrated Risk Assessment” sub-process includes: periodic 
risk assessment and monitoring cycles in order to understand the 
risks taken on the basis of the strategic targets of the four year 
strategic plan also looking at the medium/long-term, through the 
definition, evaluation and monitoring of the main company’s risks 
and the related treatment measures; assessment activities on 
industrial assets; other analyses on specific risks. Furthermore, 
activities regarding the integrated analysis of existing risks in the 
main Countries of presence or potential interest and activities to 
support the sub-process “Integrated Country Risk” ICR the decision-
making process for the authorization of investment projects and 
main transactions are performed (sub-process “Integrated Project 
Risk Management and M&A Risk Management”).
The risks are assessed with quantitative and qualitative tools 
Eni has developed and adopted an Integrated Risk Management Model (IRM Model) supporting Eni’s management awareness in 
taking risk-informed decisions through risk assessment and analysis with an integrated, comprehensive and prospective vision. 
The IRM Model is based on a system of methodologies and skills that leverages on criteria ensuring consistency of the 
evaluations to improve the effectiveness of the analyses, adequacy of support for the main decision-making processes 
(definition of the Strategic Plan) and to guarantee the disclosure to the administration and control bodies. The IRM Model is 
characterized by a structured approach, based on international best practices and considering the guidelines of the Internal 
Control and Risk Management System, that is structured on three control levels. 
Governance attributes a central role to the Board of Directors (BoD) which defines, on the basis of the analyses proposed by 
the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and with the support of the Control and Risk Committee (CCR), with reference to the four-year 
Strategic Plan, the nature and level of risk compatible with the company’s strategic objectives, including in its assessments all 
the elements that may be relevant with a view to the sustainable success of the company.
Eni’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO) implements the BoD’s guidelines; the analysis is based on the scope of the work and risks 
specific of each business area and processes aiming at defining an Integrated Risk Management policy. The CEO also ensures 
the evolution of the IRM process consistently with business dynamics and the regulatory environment. At least quarterly, the 
IRM function presents the relevant results to the CEO, to the Control and Risk Committee, as well as, where required, to the 
other control and supervisory bodies. The CEO submits the results of the analysis on Eni’s main risks to the Board of Directors 
at least quarterly. 
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considering both the likelihood of occurrence and the impacts that 
may results from the occurrence of the risk in a defined time horizon.
The assessment usually is expressed as both an inherent and a 
residual level (taking into account the effectiveness of the mitigation 
actions) and allows to measure the impact with respect to the 
achievement of the objectives of the Strategic Plan and for the whole 
life as regards the business.
The risks are represented on the basis of the likelihood of occurrence 
and the impact on matrices that allow their comparison and 
classification by relevance. Risks with economic/financial impact 
can be also analyzed in an integrated perspective on the basis of 
quantitative models that allow to define on a statistical basis the 
distribution of cash flows at risk or to simulate the aggregate impact 
of risks in the face of hypothetical future scenarios (what if analysis 
or stress test).
Finally, Risk Knowledge, training and risk communication activities are 
carried out, aimed at increasing the dissemination of the risk culture, 
identifying, developing and strengthening the resources operating 
in the risk management field across Eni’s various businesses and 
developing the risk knowledge management system.
In 2024, two assessment sessions were performed: the Annual Risk 
Assessment performed in the first half of the year and in the second 
half of the year the 4Y Plan Risk Assessment, to support the elaboration 
process of the 4Y Strategic Plan. The assessment involved all business 
lines in Italy and abroad (over 40 Countries). The two assessment 
results were submitted to Eni’s management and control bodies in 
July 2024 and December 2024. In addition, three monitoring processes 
were performed on Eni’s top risks. The monitoring of such risks and 
the relevant treatment plans allows to analyze the risks evolution 
(through the update of appropriate indicators) and the progress 
in the implementation of specific treatment measures planned by 
management. The top risks monitoring results were submitted to the 
management and control bodies in March, July and October 2024.  
 Eni’s top risks portfolio consists of 20 risks classified in: (i) external 
risks, (ii) strategic risks and, finally, (iii) operational risks (see Targets, 
risks and treatment measures on the following pages).  
LEGEND:
(a) Refer to the Board of Directors, the Control and Risk Committee, the Board of Statutory Auditors, the 231 Supervisory Body, the Chairman of the Board of Directors as well as the 
Chief Executive Officer.
GOVERNANCE BODIES AND ORGANISMS(a)
GOVERNANCE BODIES AND ORGANISMS(a)
EXTERNAL ASSURANCE PROVIDERS
INTERNAL AUDIT
SUPPORT TO 1st LEVEL
ADVISORY TO 1st 
AND 2nd LEVEL
1st LEVEL
Identification and 
management of 
relevant risks
of competence and 
related controls
2nd LEVEL
Monitoring of main risk categories 
and adequacy of controls
LINE 
MANAGEMENT
/RISK OWNER 
(BUSINESS & SUPPORT
PROCESS)
3rd LEVEL
ASSURANCE 
AND INDEPENDENT 
ADVISORY 
on the 1st and 2nd 
levels and internal 
control system 
as a whole
INTERNAL
AUDIT
FUNCTION
SPECIALIST FUNCTIONS
Integrated
Compliance
Integrated 
Risk 
Management
Financial
Reporting
Officer
Corporate 
Affairs and 
Governance
Dedicated/Risk 
specialist 
functions or 
functions from 
Compliance 
Models 
(e.g. Security, 
Asset Integrity, 
Cyber, Health, 
Data Protection 
Officer, 
Organization)
HSE
Process 
Owner
Planning
and Control
MANAGEMENT
Direction, delegation, supervision, resources
Accountability, reporting, assurance
Communication, coordination, collaboration
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STRATEGIC RISK
SCENARIO
SCENARIO
MAIN RISK 
EVENTS
Commodity Price Scenario, overview of risks deriving from unfavourable commodities price fluctuation 
(Brent, natural gas and other commodities) compared to planning assumptions.
TREATMENT 
MEASURES
•	Focus on portfolio resilience and flexibility by monitoring traditional businesses cash generation, new 
businesses growth, portfolio and capital budgeting optimization; 
•	diversification of gas/LNG supply portfolio of contracts leveraging on the development of upstream and 
GGP integrated initiatives to exploit value from equity gas and portfolio optimization actions;
•	active strategy of portfolio hedging in relation to market conditions;
•	optimization of traditional business industrial structures;
•	development of biorefining capacity, through conversion of traditional refining production circuit and 
selective partnerships in geographically differentiated markets of interest and product diversification 
(Sustainable Aviation Fuel - SAF);
•	feedstock flexibility also through integration with agribusiness;
•	restructuring plan for basic chemicals;
•	development of new chemistry platforms (specialized polymers, biochemicals, recycling);
•	optimization of assets according to market conditions and initiatives to decarbonize the power sector;
•	maximizing synergies between electricity generation from renewables and the power customer portfolio. 
Securitization of revenues from renewables through the stipulation of Purchase Power Agreements. 
FALL IN 
FALL IN 
DEMAND/
DEMAND/
COMPETITIVE 
COMPETITIVE 
ENVIRONMENT 
ENVIRONMENT 
MAIN RISK 
EVENTS
Fall in demand/competitive environment, relating to a market demand and supply imbalance or an 
increase in competitiveness leading to: (i) sale volumes reduction, (ii) increased difficulties in preserving 
the customer base/developing growth initiatives, (iii) trigger adverse trends of finished products’ prices, (iv) 
fall in demand.
TREATMENT 
MEASURES
•		Diversification of gas/LNG supply portfolio of contracts leveraging on the development of upstream and 
GGP integrated initiatives to exploit value from equity gas and portfolio optimization actions;
•	active strategy of portfolio hedging in relation to market conditions and geopolitical scenario evolution;
•	growth in the sustainable mobility business and selective development of the service stations network;
•	restructuring plan for basic chemicals and development of new platforms (specialized polymers, 
biochemicals, recycling); 
•	growth in the customer portfolio mainly abroad and increase in the share of power customers; 
•	maximization of integration synergies with production from renewable sources and with e-mobility;
•	push for digitalisation in customer management processes and progressive reduction of the carbon 
footprint on gas & power sales;
•	capacity development on geographically diversified markets with particular attention to those with a 
Retail presence;
•	strengthening of diversified mix of technologies (offshore wind, BESS);
•	development on the renewables market with a focus on profitability also through integration with retail.
CLIMATE
CLIMATE
CHANGE
CHANGE
MAIN RISK 
EVENTS
Climate change, referred to the possibility of changes in the scenario/weather conditions determining risks 
related to the energy transition (legislative, market, technological and reputational risks) and physical risk 
for Eni business in the short, medium and long term.
TREATMENT 
MEASURES
•	Structured governance with a key rule of the Board of Directors in managing the main issues related to the 
climate change, and specific committees supporting the Board;
•	Strategic Plan foreseeing operational actions for each business to sustain the industrial transformation 
and to reach targets in the short, medium and long term;
•	remuneration policy with short and medium terms incentive plans including targets related to the “climate 
strategy” in line with the strategic plan;
•	resilience through the flexibility of the Strategy, portfolio diversification by developing lower carbon 
businesses and products, as well as assessment of the portfolio resilience through stress test based on 
low carbon scenarios;
•	three-year technological development plan, or anticipated in case of material technology gaps, and active 
collaboration on Domestic and international innovation ecosystems;
•	transparency in climate disclosure, proactive dialogue with stakeholders and support to international 
initiatives and monitoring of legislative and legal trends (see also investigations and hse procedures risks);
•	risk management process to identify and analyse assets exposed to potential prospective changes of 
natural events which could affect the operability and integrity of Eni’s assets.
TARGETS, MAIN RISKS AND TREATMENT MEASURES
Eni’s target:
COMPANY PROFITABILITY
CORPORATE REPUTATION
RELATIONSHIP WITH STAKEHOLDERS, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
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EXTERNAL RISK
GEOPOLITICAL 
GEOPOLITICAL 
RISK
RISK
MAIN RISK 
EVENTS
Geopolitical, impact of geopolitical issues on strategic actions and business operations.
TREATMENT 
MEASURES
•	Institutional activities with relevant national and international counterparties to overcome crisis situations;
•	continuous environmental monitoring, mainly focused on critical political/institutional developments and 
regulatory issues which can potentially affect the businesses;
•	monitoring and enhancement of Eni’s presence, economic promotion initiatives in the countries of interest 
and attention to economic, social, energy and environmental issues.
COUNTRY RISK
COUNTRY RISK
MAIN RISK 
EVENTS
Global security risk, relating to actions or fraudulent events which may negatively affect people and 
material and intangible  assets.
Political and social instability, referring both to political and social instability, and to criminal/bunkering 
events within the country towards Eni and its subsidiaries, with potential consequences in terms of lower 
production and delays in projects.
Credit & Financing Risk, related to the financial stress of the partners and delays in credit proceeds and 
recovery of the incurred costs.
TREATMENT 
MEASURES
•	Portfolio geographical diversification;
•	engagement in national and international initiatives for the implementation of collaboration plans and 
response to potential threats involving companies;
•	mitigation treatments for security risks through specific projects and programs referring to some most 
sensitive areas/sites;
•	presence of a security risk management system supported by analysis of country- and site-specific 
preventive measures and implementation of emergency plans aimed at maximum safety of people and 
the management of activities and assets;
•	signing of country-specific repayment plans leveraging on proven contractual and/or financial instruments;
•	request for sovereign guarantees and letters of credit to protect credit positions.
DOWNGRADING 
DOWNGRADING 
RATING
RATING
MAIN RISK 
EVENTS
Downgrading risk, referring to the possible downgrading of Eni’s long-term rating.
TREATMENT 
MEASURES
•	Prospective analysis of the level of leverage and monitoring of cash flows; 
•	capex and opex maintenance/review; improved financial efficiency;
•	maintaining strong liquidity buffer;
•	continuous dialogue between Eni and the rating agencies.
COMMERCIAL 
COMMERCIAL 
CREDIT 
CREDIT 
RISK
RISK
MAIN RISK 
EVENTS
Commercial credit risk, referring to the possible non-fulfilment of obligations assumed by a counterparty, 
with impacts on the economic/financial situation and the achievement of the company’s targets.
TREATMENT 
MEASURES
•	Centralised credit model and operative coordination in multi-business customer management;
•	risk-mitigating management actions: guarantees, factoring, insurance coverage;
•	systematic monitoring of entrusted counterparties’ risk indicators and timely alerting mechanisms.
ENERGY
ENERGY
SECTOR 
SECTOR 
REGULATION
REGULATION
MAIN RISK 
EVENTS
Energy Sector Regulation, relating to impacts on operations and competitiveness of businesses associated 
with the evolution of the energy sector regulation.
TREATMENT 
MEASURES
•	Monitoring of legislative and regulatory evolution; advocacy within the institutional processes of definition 
of new directives or regulations targeted to decarbonisation and energy security;
•	definition of strategic and operational actions in line with regulatory developments:
	- geographical diversification of bio capacity, feedstock flexibilization and expansion of product portfolio 
(agro-biofeedstock development, biojet production);
	- development of chemical from renewable sources, and development of the advanced mechanical 
recycling and technologies for chemical recycling.
Eni’s target:
COMPANY PROFITABILITY
CORPORATE REPUTATION
RELATIONSHIP WITH STAKEHOLDERS, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
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EXTERNAL RISK
PERMITTING
PERMITTING
MAIN RISK 
EVENTS
Permitting, relating to the occurrence of possible delays or failure to issue authorizations, renewals or 
permits by the Public Administration with impacts on project schedule and costs as well as implications for 
social, environmental, image and reputation issues.
TREATMENT 
MEASURES
•	Constant dialogue with institutions and participation to parliamentary hearings;
•	continuous involvement of authorities and stakeholders on project objectives and progress from the early 
stages;
•	transfer and sharing of knowhow with the bodies involved, also through greater involvement of technical 
bodies;
•	supervision and monitoring of sectoral authorization procedures.
BIOLOGICAL 
BIOLOGICAL 
RISK
RISK
MAIN RISK 
EVENTS
Biological - risk related to the spread of pandemics and epidemics potentially impacting people, health 
systems and businesses.
TREATMENT 
MEASURES
•	Eni Crisis Unit’s constant guidance and monitoring to align, coordinate and identify response actions;
•	preparation and implementation of a plan to react to health emergencies (Medical Emergency Response 
Plan - MERP) to be adopted by all Eni subsidiaries and employers. The plan is also defined in order to 
identify a business continuity plan;
•	information for staff and training campaigns;
•	technical-scientific guidance activities of the staff units to define prevention and treatment measures to 
be declined and implemented at the business level.
RELATIONSHIPS 
RELATIONSHIPS 
WITH LOCAL 
WITH LOCAL 
STAKEHOLDERS
STAKEHOLDERS
MAIN RISK 
EVENTS
Relationships with local stakeholders of the energy industry.
TREATMENT 
MEASURES
•	Integration of targets and sustainability projects (i.e. Community Investment) within the Strategic Plan 
and the management incentive program;
•	continuous dialogue with stakeholders to disclose the Eni’s sustainable approach, also through social and 
local development projects and local content valorization;
•	collaboration agreements with national and international organizations towards Public Private Partnership 
(FAO, UNDP, UNESCO, UNIDO);
•	respect and promotion of Human Rights through the implementation of the Human Rights Management 
Model, impact analysis and the integration of Human Rights perspective in the business processes.
Eni’s target:
COMPANY PROFITABILITY
CORPORATE REPUTATION
RELATIONSHIP WITH STAKEHOLDERS, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
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OPERATIONAL RISK
ACCIDENTS
ACCIDENTS
MAIN RISK 
EVENTS
Risks of blowout and other accidents to industrial assets, as well as in the management of people/product 
logistics, with potential damage to people, the environment and assets and impacts on profitability and 
corporate reputation.
TREATMENT 
MEASURES
•	Insurance coverage;
•	careful prevention action (application of new technologies) and real time monitoring for wells;
•	proactive monitoring of incidents through the weak signals identification in the Process Safety area and 
completion of the actions resulting from Audits and Risk Assessments relating to Process Safety issues;
•	technological and operational improvements and continuous implementation of the Asset Integrity 
Management system  to prevent accidents together with the increase in plant reliability;
•	vetting: management and coordination of relevant activities to asses, inspect and select ships, assignment of 
a rating for operators;
•	standard contract specifications in the maritime transport;
•	Contract Risk Management (Pre/Post award);
•	continuos training activities.
CYBER 
CYBER 
SECURITY
SECURITY
MAIN RISK 
EVENTS
Cyber Security & industrial espionage referring to cyber attacks aimed at compromising information (ICT)
and industrial (ICS) systems, as well as the subtraction of Eni’s sensitive data.
TREATMENT 
MEASURES
•	Centralized governance model of Cyber Security, with units dedicated to cyber intelligence and prevention, 
monitoring and management of cyber attacks;
•	enhancement of safeguards at subsidiaries outside Italy and industrial sites;
•	promotion of the corporate culture in the Cyber Security also through targeted initiatives (phishing simulation);
•	stronger monitoring of security events;
•	strengthening of the company’s Cyber Security Posture through actions aimed at increasing the detection 
capacity (e.g. implementation of Indicators of Compromise) and response of cyber threats.
INVESTIGATIONS 
INVESTIGATIONS 
AND HSE 
AND HSE 
PROCEEDINGS
PROCEEDINGS
MAIN RISK 
EVENTS
Investigations and proceedings relating to climate change, environmental, health and safety issues.
TREATMENT 
MEASURES
•	Legal defense in judicial and non-judicial venues;
•	organizational structures engaged in the legal assistance and supervision of national and international 
institutional relations on HSE and climate change issues;
•	continuous monitoring of regulatory developments and constant assessment of the adequacy of existing 
monitoring and control models;
•	strengthened process of assigning and managing assignments to external professionals through new 
methods to ensure transparency and traceability;
•	focused communication programs.
Eni’s target:
COMPANY PROFITABILITY
CORPORATE REPUTATION
RELATIONSHIP WITH STAKEHOLDERS, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
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The governance system, alongside the business strategy, is aimed at supporting the relationship of trust 
between Eni and its stakeholders and contributing to the achievement of business results, creating sustainable 
value. Eni is committed to creating a Corporate Governance system1 inspired by criteria of excellence in open 
dialogue with the market and all stakeholders. As of January 1 2021, Eni applies the recommendations of 
the Corporate Governance Code (Governance Code), which Eni’s Board of Directors (BoD) adhered to on 
December 23, 2020. The Governance Code identifies “sustainable success” as the objective that must guide 
the action of the administrative body and which is substantiated in the creation of long-term value for the 
benefit of shareholders, taking into account the interests of other stakeholders relevant to the Company. 
Moreover, since 2006 Eni has considered the interest of stakeholders other than shareholders as one of the 
necessary references that the Directors must evaluate in making informed decisions.
ENI’S GOVERNANCE MODEL 
Eni’s Corporate Governance is based on the traditional Italian model, which – without prejudice to the tasks 
of the Shareholders’ Meeting – assigns responsibility for management to the Board of Directors, supervisory 
functions to the Board of Statutory Auditors (BoSA) and those of statutory audit to the Independent Auditors. 
The Board has entrusted the management of the Company to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), who was 
last appointed on May 11, 2023, reserving the most significant strategic, operational and organisational 
responsibilities, in particular in the areas of governance, sustainability, internal control and risk management. 
The Board of Directors has set up four internal committees, with preparatory, consultative and advisory 
functions: the Control and Risk Committee2, the Remuneration Committee3, the Nomination Committee 
and the Sustainability and Scenarios Committee, which report, through their respective Chairmen, at each 
meeting of the Board on the main issues examined. The Board also confirmed the attribution to the Chairman 
of the Board of Directors of a significant role in internal controls, in particular with reference to the Internal 
Audit function, of which it proposes to the Board of Directors, in agreement with the CEO, appointment, 
dismissal, remuneration and resources, directly managing the relationship on behalf of the Board (without 
prejudice to the functional dependence from the Control and Risk Committee and the CEO, responsible for 
establishing and maintaining the internal control and risk management system); the Chairman of the Board 
of Directors is also involved in the appointment processes of the other main Eni persons in charge of internal 
controls and risk management, such as the Officer in Charge of preparing the Company’s financial reports, 
the members of the Supervisory Body, the Head of Integrated Risk Management and the Head of Integrated 
Compliance. Finally, the Board, on the proposal of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, appoints the 
Secretary of the Board, with the task of providing impartial and independent assistance and advice to the 
Chairman himself, the individual Directors and the Board4 as a whole. Because of this role, the Secretary – 
who reports hierarchically and functionally to the Board itself and, on its behalf, to the Chairman of the Board 
of Directors – must meet the requirements of professionalism, as required by the Governance Code, and the 
Chairman of the Board of Directors monitors his independence. 
Governance
(1) For further information on Eni’s Corporate Governance system, please refer to the Eni’s Corporate Governance and Shareholding 
Structure Report, drafted in accordance with Article 123-bis of Legislative Decree 58/1998, which is also published on the Company’s 
website, in the Governance section.
(2) With reference to the composition of the Control and Risk Committee, Eni requires that at least two members shall have appropriate 
expertise and experience with accounting, financial or risk management issues, exceeding the Recommendation of the Governance Code 
which recommends only one such member. In this regard, on May 11, 2023, the Board of Directors assessed that 3 out of the 4 members 
of the Committee, including the Chairman, have the appropriate experience. The level of expertise and experience of the Committee 
members therefore exceeds that provided for in the Committee Rules and Governance Code.
(3) The Rules of the Remuneration Committee require, in line with the Recommendation of the Governance Code, that at least one 
member shall have adequate knowledge and experience in financial matters or remuneration policies, assessed by the Board at the time 
of appointment. In this regard, on May 11, 2023, the Board of Directors assessed that 2 out of 3 members of the Committee possess 
the knowledge and experience indicated above. The level of expertise and experience of the Committee members therefore exceeds that 
provide for in the Committee Rules  and Governance Code.
(4) The Charter of the Board Secretary and Board Counsel, annexed to the Rules of the Board of Directors, is available on Eni’s website, in 
the Governance section.
Integrity and 
transparency are 
the principles 
that inspire 
Eni in outlining 
its Corporate 
Governance system, 
a founding element 
of the Company’s 
business model 
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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Below is a summary graphic representation of the Corporate Governance structure of the Company as of December 31, 2024, which, during the 
2024 financial year, did not see the appointment of new Directors and Statutory Auditors:
AUDIT FIRM
PwC SpA
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
MAGISTRATE OF THE
COURT OF AUDITORS
Giovanni Coppola
BOARD OF STATUTORY AUDITORS
BOARD OF STATUTORY AUDITORS
CHIEF OPERATING OFFICERS(***)
Guido Brusco - General Manager(****)
(Global Natural Resources)
Francesco Gattei - General Manager(****)
(Chief Transition & Financial Officer)
Giuseppe Ricci
(Industrial Transformation)
231 SUPERVISORY BODY
Raffaele Ferrara (Chair)(f)
Antonella Alfonsi(f)
Ugo Lecis(f)
Rosalba Casiraghi(g)
Gianfranco Cariola(h)
BOARD SECRETARY
AND COUNSEL
Luca Franceschini(e)
INTERNAL 
AUDIT DIRECTOR
Gianfranco Cariola
Giuseppe Zafarana(a)
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER (CEO)
FINANCIAL 
REPORTING 
OFFICER
Francesco Esposito
Rosalba Casiraghi(c)
DIRECTORS (NON-EXECUTIVE)
Elisa Baroncini(a)
Massimo Belcredi(c)
Roberto Ciciani(d)
Carolyn Adele Dittmeier(c)
Federica Seganti(a)
Cristina Sgubin(a)
Raphael Louis L. Vermeir       (c)
LEAD INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR
CHAIR
C
L
SUSTAINABILITY AND
SCENARIOS COMMITTEE
NOMINATION
COMMITTEE
CONTROL AND RISK
COMMITTEE
C
C
C
REMUNERATION
COMMITTEE
C
Enrico Maria Bignami(c)
Marcella Caradonna(a)
Giulio Palazzo(a)
Andrea Parolini(a)
(a) Member appointed from the majority list, independent pursuant to law and the Corporate Governance Code.
(b) Member appointed from the majority list.
(c) Member appointed from the minority list, independent pursuant to law and the Corporate Governance Code.
(d) Member appointed from the majority list, non-executive.
(e) Also Integrated Compliance Director.
(f) External member.
(g) Chair of the Board of Statutory Auditors.
(h) Internal Audit Director.
(*) Non-executive.
(**) Alternate Statutory Auditors:
 
- Giulia De Martino, member appointed from the majority list;
 
- Giovanna Villa, member appointed from the minority list.
(***) As of October 1, 2024. For more details, please refer to Eni press release of September 12, 2024.
(****) Appointed by the Board of Directors, upon proposal of the Chief Executive Officer in agreement with the Chairman of the Board of Directors and after consulting the Nomination 
Committee. The General Manager is subject to the provisions of Italian law governing the liability of the BoD members.
(Audit Committee SOA)
STANDING STATUTORY
AUDITORS(**)
L
Claudio Descalzi(b)
COMPANY’S CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE
COMPANY’S CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE
ENI SPA
SHAREHOLDERS'
MEETING
CHAIR OF THE BoD(*)
CHAIR
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THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS  
The Board of Directors and the Chairman of the Board of Directors are 
appointed by the Shareholders’ Meeting. In order to allow the presence 
of Directors designated by minority shareholders, the appointment of 
Directors takes place through the slate voting system. The current 
Board of Directors, appointed in May 2023 until the Shareholders’ 
Meeting called to approve the 2025 financial statement, is composed 
of 9 members. Three Directors were appointed by shareholders 
other than the controlling one, thus guaranteeing minorities a higher 
number of representatives than required by law. The Shareholders’ 
Meeting of May 2023, in appointing the new Board of Directors for 
the three-year period 2024-2026, was able to take into account the 
guidelines expressed to the market before the Shareholders’ Meeting 
by the outgoing Board of Directors on the qualitative and quantitative 
composition considered optimal. The guideline highlighted the 
centrality of skills in the field of sustainability, ESG and energy 
transition, also underlining the importance of ensuring that Eni’s 
Directors have knowledge of issues relating to sustainability and the 
control of climate and environmental risks, developed in managerial or 
entrepreneurial roles and acquired in industrial contexts comparable 
to those in which the Company operates. The result was, therefore, 
a balanced and diversified Board, as also confirmed by the self-
assessment exercise conducted by the Board in the first year of its 
mandate, which revealed a positive opinion on the professionalism 
within the Board in terms of knowledge, experience and skills, and on 
the individual contribution that the individual Directors believe they can 
bring to the Board of Directors, based on their preparation, motivation 
and sense of belonging. The Directors’ skills on ESG and sustainability, 
among others, have been further strengthened through a structured 
induction program launched at the beginning of the mandate and 
extensively developed in 2024. 
The composition of the Board is also diversified in gender terms, in 
accordance with the provisions of applicable law and the By-laws, which 
were amended in February 2020 in view of the renewal of the corporate 
bodies. In particular, for 6 consecutive terms, the administrative and 
supervisory bodies must be composed of at least 2/5 of the less 
represented gender. In addition, on the basis of the assessments of 
the Board of Directors, carried out after the appointment and, after 
preliminary investigation by the Nomination Committee, periodically, 
most recently on February 26, 2025, the number of independent 
Directors present on the Board (75 out of the 9 Directors in office, of 
which 8 are non-executive and including the Chairman of the Board of 
Directors) is confirmed to be higher than the provisions of the By-laws 
and the Governance Code. In addition, the Board, on the occasion of 
the aforementioned assessments, ascertained that all the Directors 
meet the integrity requirements prescribed by current legislation, do 
not fall into any situation of incompatibility, ineligibility and forfeiture 
and comply with the policy on the maximum number of offices held 
resolved by the Board of Directors on May 11,2023.
Majority 6
Minority 3
SLATE
AGE(b)
67%
33%
33%
11%
40-50 1
51-60 3
61-70 5
GENDER
DIVERSITY
COMPOSITION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Independent 7
Non-independent 2
INDEPENDENCE(a)
78%
22%
TENURE
78%
11%
11%
0-3 FY 7
4-6 FY 1
>9 FY 1
56%
(a) Independence as defined by applicable law and the Corporate Governance Code.
(b) Figures as at December 31, 2024.
Male 5
Female 4
56%
44%
(5) This refers to independence in accordance with the law, to which Eni’s By-laws refer, and pursuant to the Governance Code.
APPOINTMENT AND COMPOSITION OF THE CORPORATE BODIES 
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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THE BOARD OF STATUTORY AUDITORS 
The BoSA and its Chairman are appointed by the Shareholders’ 
Meeting through slate voting, in order to allow the presence of 
Statutory Auditors designated by minority shareholders. The Board 
of Statutory Auditors in office, appointed in May 2023 until the 
Shareholders’ Meeting to approve the 2025 financial statements, is 
composed of 5 standing members and 2 alternates. Two Standing 
Auditors, including the Chairman, were appointed by shareholders 
other than the controlling shareholder, thus guaranteeing minorities 
(i.e. shareholders other than the controlling ones) a higher number 
of representatives than required by law. In 2023, the Board of 
Statutory Auditors expressed its orientation on the composition of 
the body to shareholders, underlining, among others, the importance 
of skills and/or experience in sustainability disclosure, climate 
change and energy transition. The composition of the Board is 
diversified in relation to gender, in accordance with the law and the 
Statute. Pursuant to the law, Statutory Auditors must meet specific 
requirements of independence, professionalism and integrity. The 
Governance Code also recommends that all members of the Board 
of Statutory Auditors meet the independence requirements set out 
in the same Code for directors. The assessment of independence 
is carried out by the Board of Statutory Auditors, on the basis of the 
information provided by each member of the body and transmitted 
to the Board of Directors.
The BoSA, as the “Internal Control and Audit Committee” pursuant 
to Legislative Decree No. 39/2010, must also meet the requirements 
set out in Art. 19 of the same Decree according to which “The 
members of the Internal Control and Audit Committee, as a whole, 
are competent in the sector in which the audited entity operates” 
and verify the possession of the requirement of “Audit Committee 
financial experts”, for the purposes of US legislation. The BoSA in 
office has verified the possession of these requirements after the 
appointment and periodically during the mandate.
Majority 3
Minority 2
60%
40%
COMPOSITION OF THE BOARD OF STATUTORY AUDITORS
Male 3
Female 2
60%
40%
(a) Figures as at December 31, 2024.
50- 60 i 2
61-70 2
>70 1
0-3 FY 1
4-6 FY 2
7-9 FY 2
40%
40%
20%
40%
40%
20%
GENDER DIVERSITY
SLATE
AGE(a)
TENURE
THE MANAGEMENT  
In recent years, the Board has paid particular attention to the 
Company’s organisational structures, with significant changes in 
the internal control, risk management and compliance system, 
placing the Integrated Risk Management function and a new 
Integrated Compliance function reporting directly to the CEO. In 
September 2024, the Board updated the organisational structure, 
reorganising business activities into three structures headed by 
three Chief Operating Officers6 reporting to the CEO: “Global Natural 
Resources”, “Industrial Transformation” and “Chief Transition & 
Financial Officer”, to ensure effectiveness and achieve the objectives 
of decarbonization, value creation and industrial transformation. In 
terms of gender, the % of women as the first report of the CEO stands 
at 25%. The CEO and the General Managers, in the exercise of their 
powers, are responsible for the implementation of the strategies 
defined by the Board in the context of strategic planning, as well as 
for risk management with the support of the Company’s specialist 
functions responsible for sustainable development, health, safety, 
the environment and human resources. 
(6) The Chief Operating Officer “Global Natural Resources” and the Chief Operating Officer “Chief Transition & Financial Officer” were appointed by the Board of Directors, upon proposal of the 
CEO, in agreement with the Chairman of the Board of Directors and after consulting the Nomination Committee, as General Managers, with the consequent application also of the provisions of 
Italian law governing the liability of directors.
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GIANFRANCO CARIOLA
Internal Audit
Director(b)
OFFICE OF THE CEO
FRANCESCO GATTEI
Chief Transition & 
Financial Officer
Chief Operating Officer/
General Manager(c)
GUIDO BRUSCO
Global Natural Resources
Chief Operating Officer/
General Manager(c)
GIUSEPPE RICCI
Industrial Transformation 
Chief Operating Officer
(a) The Board Secretary and Counsel reports hierarchically and functionally to the Board of Directors and, on its behalf, to the Chair of the Board of Directors.
(b) The Internal Audit Director reports hierarchically to the Board and, on its behalf, to the Chair of the Board of Directors, without prejudice to its functional reporting to the 
Control and Risk Committee and the CEO, and without prejudice to the provisions concerning the appointment, revocation, remuneration and allocation of resources.
(c) Francesco Gattei and Guido Brusco are appointed by the Board of Directors, upon proposal of the Chief Executive Officer in agreement with the Chair of the Board of Directors and 
after consulting the Nomination Committee, as General Managers, with the consequent application also of the provisions of Italian law governing the liability of the BoD members.
LUCA FRANCESCHINI
Board Secretary
and Counsel(a)
GIUSEPPE ZAFARANA
Chair of the Board
of Directors
CLAUDIO DESCALZI
Chief Executive Officer
ROBERTO ULISSI
Corporate Affairs
and Governance
Director
LUCA FRANCESCHINI
Integrated Compliance
Director
GRAZIA FIMIANI
Integrated Risk
Management
Director
STEFANO SPERONI
Legal Affairs and
Commercial Negotiations
Director
CLAUDIO GRANATA
Stakeholder Relations 
& Services 
Director
LORENZO FIORILLO
Technology, 
R&D & Digital
Director
LAPO PISTELLI
Public Affairs
Director
ERIKA MANDRAFFINO
External Communication
Director
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
MACRO-ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ENI SPA
MACRO-ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ENI SPA
A graphical representation of the organizational macrostructure of Eni SpA as of December 31, 2024, is provided below:
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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On an annual basis, the Board, supported by an external consultant, 
carries out its own self-assessment (“Board Review”), of which a 
comparison with national and international best practices and a 
reflection on the Board’s dynamics are essential elements, also 
in order to propose to shareholders guidelines on the profiles for 
the optimal composition of the future Board. Following the Board 
Review, the Board shall, if necessary, share an action plan to improve 
the functioning of the body and its committees. With reference to 
the 2024 financial year, the self-assessment process was carried out 
through questionnaires and interviews that concerned, in particular, 
the composition and operations of the Board of Directors and 
Committees, in continuity with the previous year, also with reference 
to ESG/sustainability issues, in terms of prioritization, integration 
into decision-making processes, assessment of specific risk 
profiles, connection to managerial remuneration systems, carrying 
out adequate training activities. The self-assessment conducted in 
the second year of the mandate also examined the results of the 
previous year’s self-assessment exercise and the related areas for 
improvement, as well as the main activities carried out in 2024. 
Finally, the dynamics of the Board and its overall effectiveness 
were examined in depth, also in relation to the average quality of 
the contributions and key skills expressed individually by Directors. 
A positive opinion on the professionalism within the Board of 
Directors was therefore confirmed, generally considered in line with 
the indications provided for in the Guidance to shareholders on 
the optimal composition document approved in 2023. The skills of 
the Directors were also supported in 2024 by the “board induction” 
training program for directors and statutory auditors, and which 
concerned, among others, issues of general interest concerning the 
business model and strategies, the approach and the sustainability 
model in areas such as people’s health, human rights, transparency 
and the fight against corruption (also on the occasion of participation 
in a session of the “Anti-corruption Compliance Program of Eni”), the 
main innovations regarding the corporate regulatory system, with a 
focus on the innovations introduced in the framework of the internal 
control and risk management system, which is an integral part of 
the corporate strategy. On the issues of innovation, digitalisation 
and new technologies, which constitute an important strategic lever 
for business transformation, the Board also had the opportunity to 
deepen the planning in the field of fusion energy, the developments 
of the project for the completion and start-up of the new HPC67 
supercomputing system (High Performance Computing - HPC), 
as well as the topic of artificial intelligence. The program was then 
enriched by two off-site sessions of the Board, the first concerning 
the visit to an operational site abroad (Abu Dhabi), the second relating 
to the visit to the Company’s Green Data Center, during which the 
results achieved as part of the project on the HPC6 supercomputing 
system were presented. Finally, the initiatives (dedicated workshops 
and periodic reports) aimed at strengthening the knowledge and 
awareness of Directors and Statutory Auditors on the subject of 
cyber-security continued, with an analysis of the main cyber risks 
and threats and the monitoring measures implemented.
SELF-ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL SKILLS, KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS (%)
Governance & Legal
94
Accounting, Finance, Internal Controls
and Risk Management
78
Institutional Relations and Public Sector
78
ESG & Sustainability
83
Energy Sector and Strategic Vision
89
Climate Change & Energy Transition
61
International Experience
33
Innovation, Digital & Cybersecurity
55
(7) For more information on the HPC6 computing system, please refer to the press releases of January 23 and November 19 2024. 
EXPERIENCE AND TRAINING OF CORPORATE BODIES  
ON SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
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(8) The powers reserved by the Council are punctually declined in the 
 deliberation adopted on May 11, 2023, available on Eni’s website, in the Governance section.
(9) For further information on the functions of the Sustainability and Scenarios Committee, please refer to the relevant  
 Regulation, available on Eni’s website in the Governance section.
INTEGRATION OF SUSTAINABILITY 
INTO THE STRATEGY 
Eni’s governance structure integrates sustainability, including in 
the form of “sustainable success”, into Eni’s business model. The 
Board of Directors has defined Eni’s mission (most recently in 
2019), inspired by the goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. 
In addition, the Board of Directors has the role of defining, upon 
proposal of the CEO, the strategic guidelines and objectives of the 
Company and the Group, pursuing their sustainable success and 
monitoring their implementation, as expressly provided for in the 
resolution on the reserved powers of the Board , last adopted on 
May 11, 2023. Furthermore, with a view to pursuing sustainable 
success, the Board of Directors, in line with the Governance Code, 
promotes dialogue with shareholders and other stakeholders 
relevant to the Company. In particular, the Board, upon proposal 
of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, in agreement with 
the CEO, has adopted the policy for managing dialogue with 
all shareholders, also in order to ensure orderly and consistent 
communication. The Chairman of the Board of Directors, with 
the support of the Secretary of the Board, ensures that the Board 
of Directors is informed about the development and significant 
contents of the dialogue, giving an account of the assessments 
expressed by the various types of investors.
THE ROLE OF THE BOARD OF 
DIRECTORS IN STRATEGIC PLANNING 
AND RELATED INFORMATION FLOWS
Eni’s BoD, in the exercise of the powers it has reserved for itself, 
approves the Strategic Plan (four-year plan and medium-long 
term plan), which includes industrial business targets, economic 
and financial results and sustainability targets, including medium-
long term emission targets, testifying to how the decarbonization 
strategy is an integral part of Eni’s business strategy. In this context, 
the strategy aimed at creating value along the entire plan horizon 
assumes primary importance, in a synergistic process that sees 
the active involvement of the Company as a whole and, in particular, 
of the BoD, as the top management body. The Strategic Plan was 
examined and approved by the BoD during the meeting of March 
13, 2024, following a complex process of prior sharing, already 
started in the previous meetings of January 25 and February 
15, 2024, through the holding of three readings focused on the 
elements of context and scenario, as well as on the illustration of 
the strategic drivers by business sectors. A similar examination 
process was followed for the new Strategic Plan approved by the 
BoD on February 26, 2025.
In these assessments, the BoD is supported by a specific 
Board Committee, the Sustainability and Scenarios Committee, 
established in 2014 by the Board itself, with investigative, advisory 
and propositional functions on the processes, initiatives and 
activities aimed at overseeing the commitment, discussion and 
training relating to sustainable development along the entire 
value chain, with particular reference to the issues of: climate 
transition and technological innovation, access to energy and 
energy sustainability, environment and energy efficiency, local 
development, respect and protection of human rights, integrity 
and transparency, Diversity & Inclusion. The BoD also plays an 
active role in the implementation of Eni’s strategy, including 
through the approval of the investment projects and portfolio 
transactions included in the Strategic Plan, in accordance with 
the provisions of the resolution on the powers reserved to it, 
and annually monitors their progress and compliance with 
requirements and targets, which also include the results of the 
risk analysis and any assessments of the ESG impacts associated 
with the aforementioned transactions. The internal control 
and risk management system is fundamental for the sound 
and correct conduct of the Company, including the economic, 
environmental and personal impacts of the Company’s activities, 
the general guidelines of which are defined by the BoD, in line with 
the Company’s strategies, with the support of the Control and Risk 
Committee and after consulting the Chairman for the part relating 
to Internal Audit activities. In addition, again with the support of the 
Control and Risk Committee, the BoD has the power to: i) examine 
the main corporate risks, identified by the CEO, taking into account 
the characteristics of the activities carried out by the Company 
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ON SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
In accordance with the provisions of the BoSA Rules of Conduct 
issued by the National Council of Italian Professional Accountants 
and in line with the recommendations of the Governance Code, 
the BoSA conducts an annual self-assessment process on its 
composition and operations. In 2024 and 2023, this process 
concerned, among others, the evaluation of the skills and 
experience of the members also in terms of sustainability. In 
addition, the Board of Statutory Auditors participates in the 
“board induction” training programme for Directors and Statutory 
Auditors. The results of the self-assessment process are reported 
in the Board of Statutory Auditors’ Report to the Shareholders’ 
Meeting. 
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MAIN SUSTAINABILYTY TOPICS ADDRESSED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE 
BOARD COMMITTEES
STRATEGY 
AND ENERGY 
TRANSITION
•	Four-year and long-term plan, including sustainability objectives and short- and long-term incentive plans to 
support strategic sustainability objectives.
•	Insights into Eni’s positioning with respect to peer climate objectives and strategies, sustainable finance 
tools and climate assembly resolutions.
•	Declaration of approval of Eni’s Statement regarding the management and protection of water resources.
•	Review of Eni’s commitment to nuclear fusion (Board Induction).
•	Insights into the evolution of the electricity market, the development prospects of urban mobility and 
related strategies (Board Induction).
HUMAN RIGHTS  
AND SOCIAL ISSUE
•	Approval of the Declaration pursuant to the “Modern Slavery Act”.
•	Outcomes of the update process of the so-called salient human rights issues of Eni and the Compliance 
Risk Assessment Specific.
•	Investment plan for local development and No Profit.
•	Insights into the reference regulatory framework, the Policy and the human rights management model in 
Eni (Board Induction).
REPORTING 
AND MONITORING
•	Approval of mandatory and voluntary sustainability consolidated reports.
•	In-depth analysis of the HSE model and results.
•	Approval of the fundamental guidelines of the Policy on the internal control system on financial information 
and mandatory sustainability information.
•	In-depth analysis of the evolution of European regulations in the reporting field.
and its subsidiaries, and submitted by the same to the BoD at 
least quarterly and ii) assess, on a half-yearly basis, the adequacy 
and effectiveness of the internal control and risk management 
system with respect to Eni’s characteristics and the profile of risk 
assumed, in particular on the basis of the Reports prepared by 
the Manager responsible for preparing the Company’s financial 
reports, the Control and Risk Committee, the Risk Management 
and Integrated Compliance functions; iii) annually assess the 
adequacy of the organisational structure of the internal control and 
risk management system with respect to the characteristics of the 
Company and the risk profile assumed, as well as its effectiveness, 
except for changes that make it necessary to update every six 
months. The BoD also plays a central role in approving and revising 
the fundamental lines of the   internal regulatory system and the 
policies on Ethics, Compliance & Governance, also in terms of risk 
management and in the receipt of information flows (such as, for 
example, the regulatory instruments on transactions involving the 
interests of Directors and Statutory Auditors and transactions with 
related parties, anti-corruption and internal audit, as well as the 
guidelines of the ICRMS). In its role of strategic guidance, the BoD, 
as part of the resolution on the powers that it has reserved for 
itself, has the task of approving the Management, Supervision and 
Control Model of the Company’s Health, Safety and Environment, 
Security and Public Safety risks and its substantial amendments, 
annually examining the HSE Report, prepared by the Head of the 
competent corporate function and included in the flows relating to 
the assessment of adequacy of the ICRMS. Another central issue 
for Eni is that of human rights, whose commitment was reaffirmed 
in the “Respect for Human Rights at Eni” policy approved in 2023 
by the BoD and which was followed during the year by suitable 
actions to further strengthen the management controls that 
configure Eni’s human rights management model in line with the 
provisions of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business 
and Human Rights (UNGP), OECD Guidelines for Multinational 
Enterprises and in consideration of the regulatory developments 
underway on the subject. In particular, during the year, a process 
was carried out to update Eni’s so-called salient human rights 
issues, i.e. the human rights issues considered most significant 
for Eni and with respect to which the company’s management 
model and activities on human rights must be developed as a 
priority, which saw the involvement of over one hundred Eni people 
and some authoritative external stakeholders. In this context, a 
Compliance Risk Assessment Specific was also carried out aimed 
at identifying and assessing specific Risk Activities and identifying, 
from a risk-based perspective, any Risk Treatment actions. The 
results of these processes, together with the main activities carried 
out by the various corporate functions in implementation of the 
above-mentioned management model, were examined in depth 
by the Sustainability and Scenarios Committee at its meeting on 
December 9, 2024. This meeting was extended to all members of 
Eni’s BoD, with the aim of providing an update on the evolution of 
legislation in the EU on the issue of respect for human rights. 
Below is a summary of the main Sustainability issues addressed by 
the BoD during 2024: 
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(10) For details on the composition, tasks and Regulations of the Board Committees, please refer to the website  
 Eni. 
THE BOARD COMMITTEES 
The Board also avails itself of the support of the Board Committees, 
each within its scope of competence, by virtue of the investigative, 
propositional and advisory functions assigned to them. In particular, 
with reference to sustainability aspects10:
•	Eni’s Control and Risk Committee assesses the suitability of 
periodic financial and non-financial information to correctly 
represent the business model, the Company’s strategies, the 
impact of its activities and the performance achieved, expressing 
an opinion to the Board in this regard and coordinating with the 
Sustainability and Scenarios Committee with regard to mandatory 
periodic non-financial/sustainability disclosures. In addition, in 
this context, it examines the content of periodic non-financial/
mandatory sustainability information relevant for the purposes of 
the internal control and risk management system. Also in relation to 
these tasks, it meets with the Company management responsible 
for these matters on an appropriate basis, examining, among other 
things: (i) the main issues with a view to the preparation of the 
annual and half-yearly Financial Reports as well as their essential 
connotations and the contents of the Sustainability Report; (ii) 
the main results achieved by Eni in the areas of safety, health and 
the environment, and the initiatives developed for the continuous 
improvement of their performance, including through the use 
of new technologies; (iii) security and cyber security issues; (iv) 
activities to safeguard Asset Integrity; (v) climate change risk and 
specific aspects related to it.
•	the Sustainability and Scenarios Committee carries out 
investigative, advisory and propositional functions towards the BoD 
on scenarios and sustainability, meaning the processes, initiatives 
and activities aimed at overseeing the Company’s commitment 
to sustainable development along the value chain, with particular 
reference to: climate transition issues and technological innovation; 
access to energy and energy sustainability; environment and 
efficiency energy; local development, in particular economic 
diversification, health, well-being and safety of people and 
communities; respect for and protection of rights, in particular 
human rights; integrity and transparency; and Diversity & Inclusion. 
To this end, it receives information from the heads of the corporate 
functions involved in these processes, who may be invited to 
participate in Committee meetings. The Sustainability and 
Scenarios Committee also coordinates with the Control and Risk 
Committee in assessing the suitability of periodic non-financial 
information, as indicated above.
•	the 
Remuneration 
Committee 
carries 
out 
investigative, 
propositional and advisory functions to the BoD on remuneration 
issues, and in this context proposes annual and long-term incentive 
systems, defining their objectives, also in support of the guidelines 
taken on sustainability issues.
•	the Nomination Committee carries out preparatory, advisory and 
propositional functions with regard to the Board of Directors, and 
in this sense, among other tasks, supports the Board of Directors 
in the appointment of managers and members of the bodies and 
agencies of the Company and its subsidiaries whose appointment 
is the responsibility of the Board and supervises the related 
succession plans, in the periodic assessment of the requirements 
of the directors and in the self-assessment process, formulating 
opinions to the BoD on its composition and its Committees, also on 
the necessary skills. Review and evaluate the criteria that oversee 
the succession plans of the Company’s executives with strategic 
responsibilities.
THE BOARD OF STATUTORY AUDITORS 
The BoSA carries out the functions attributed to it by law and in 
particular, in addition to the provisions of Art. 149 of the Consolidated 
Law on Finance, supervises the financial reporting and sustainability 
reporting process and the effectiveness of internal control and risk 
management systems, also in its capacity as “Internal Control and 
Audit Committee” and “Audit Committee” for the purposes of US 
legislation. In addition, it monitors compliance with the provisions of 
Legislative Decree No. 125 of September 6, 2024, on sustainability 
reporting and reports on it in the annual report to the Shareholders’ 
Meeting. Supervisory activities are carried out through meetings with 
the heads of the main business and functional areas, participation 
in meetings of the BoD and Board Committees as well as through 
the exchange of information with the Independent Auditors. In 
particular, the BoSA receives the information flows necessary for the 
performance of its duties and the reports and opinions expressed 
by the corporate bodies and functions responsible for financial 
reporting, mandatory sustainability and the internal control and risk 
management system. The results of the activities carried out by the 
BoSA are described in the Report to the Shareholders’ Meeting.
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Eni’s Remuneration Policy is defined in line with the corporate 
governance model adopted by the Company and with the 
recommendations of the Corporate Governance Code, providing 
that the remuneration of Directors, members of the Board of 
Statutory Auditors, General Managers and other Executives with 
strategic responsibility is functional to the pursuit of the corporate 
mission and the sustainable success of the Company. Taking into 
account the need to dispose, retain and motivate people with 
the competence and professionalism required by the role held 
(Principle XV of the Corporate Governance Code).
To this end, the remuneration of top management is defined 
by considering the applicable market references for positions 
or roles of similar level of responsibility and complexity, within 
panels of comparable national and international companies, also 
in relation to the reference sector and company size.
The Remuneration Policy for Directors and top management also 
contributes to the corporate strategy, through incentive systems 
linked to economic, financial and equity objectives, social and 
environmental sustainability and energy transition, from a long-
term perspective, taking into account the prospects of interest of 
shareholders and other stakeholders. 
The Remuneration Policy for 2025 maintains the remuneration 
levels defined in the previous Policy unchanged and provides for 
the reshaping of the structure and weights of the objectives of the 
IBT Plan and the 2023-2025 ILT Equity Plan (2025 attribution) as 
the only substantial novelty, in line with the Company’s strategic 
evolution and industry best practices.
In particular, with regard to social and environmental sustainability, 
the Policy defined for 2025 provides:
•	in the Short-Term Incentive Plan with deferral, an environmental 
sustainability and human capital objective (weight 35%), 
focused on safety issues and the reduction of net Upstream 
GHG emissions (Scope 1+2) equity;
•	in the 2023-2025 Share-based Long-Term Incentive Plan, an 
objective relating to environmental sustainability and energy 
transition issues (total weight 35%), articulated on goals related 
to decarbonization and energy transition processes.
The Remuneration Policy described in the first section of 
the “Report on the Remuneration Policy and Compensation 
Paid”, available on the Company’s website, is prepared taking 
into account the guidelines of shareholders and institutional 
investors, through the implementation of annual engagement 
plans, and is subject to the binding vote of the shareholders 
at the Shareholders’ Meeting, with the frequency required 
by its duration, and in any case at least every three years or 
on the occasion of changes to the same11. The results of the 
Shareholders’ Meeting vote are reported in the Summary of the 
aforementioned Report.
(11) Pursuant to the provisions of Article 123-ter, paragraph 3-bis, of Legislative Decree No. 58/98.
(12) For more information, please refer to the Corporate Governance and Shareholding Structure Report 2024.
(13) For more information, please refer to the  
 Corporate Governance Report 2024
THE REMUNERATION POLICY OF THE CORPORATE BODIES
THE INTERNAL CONTROL AND RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM12
Eni adopts an Internal Control and Risk Management System, 
an expression of the Company’s culture and values, consisting 
of a coordinated set of tools, rules, procedures, organisational 
structures, data, systems, information flows and behaviours aimed 
at effectively and efficiently identifying, measuring, managing and 
monitoring the main risks, thus contributing to the sustainable 
success of the Company and the enhancement of business 
opportunities. The Internal Control and Risk Management System 
contributes to the sound conduct of activities consistent with 
strategic objectives and is integrated into the Company’s operations 
according to a risk-based and synergistic approach between the 
various players in the System, able to seize opportunities to adapt 
the control structure with respect to the reference context, with 
equal effectiveness. 
The internal control and risk management system (enrich) is also 
based on Eni’s Code of Ethics, which prescribes the correct conduct 
for the correct management of the business, which the members of 
the BoD, as well as the members of the other corporate bodies and 
any third party who collaborates or works in the name or on behalf of 
or in the interest of Eni, are required to comply with. 
In addition, Eni has adopted a regulatory instrument for the integrated 
regulation of the Internal Control and Risk Management System, the 
guidelines of which have been approved by the BoD. In addition, by 
adhering to the Governance Code, the BoD has established various 
adaptation actions and methods of application and improvement 
relating to the recommendations on the Internal Control and Risk 
Management System, already recognized in line with the best 
practices of corporate governance13. Among these, in order to 
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strengthen the integration between strategic planning and internal 
controls and risk management, the BoD has provided that specific 
annual guidelines of the Internal Control and Risk Management 
System have to be defined, on the proposal of the CEO, and with the 
support of the Control and Risks Committee, within the framework of 
the Strategic Plan, in line with the Company’s strategies, in addition to 
the “enrich” model contained in the relevant internal regulations. It has 
also been provided that the implementation of the specific guidelines 
of the Internal Control and Risk Management System will be subject 
to periodic monitoring on the basis of a report by the CEO. Eni has also 
adopted an Integrated Compliance model, which, together with Model 
231 and the Code of Ethics, is aimed at ensuring that all people who 
contribute to the achievement of business objectives operate in full 
compliance with the rules of integrity, applicable laws and regulations, 
through an articulated process, developed with a risk-based approach, 
for the management of non-compliance prevention activities. With this 
in mind, risk assessment methodologies have been developed aimed 
at modulating controls, calibrating monitoring activities and planning 
training and communication activities according to the compliance 
risk underlying the various cases, to maximize their effectiveness and 
efficiency. The Integrated Compliance process has been designed to 
stimulate integration between those who work in business activities 
and the corporate functions responsible for overseeing the various 
compliance risks. 
In addition, acting on the proposal of the CEO having obtained a 
favourable opinion from the Control and Risk Committee, the BoD 
approved the internal rules concerning the Market Information Abuse 
(Issuers). The internal rules lay down principles of conduct for the 
protection of the confidentiality of corporate information in general, 
to promote maximum compliance, as also required by Eni’s Code of 
Ethics and corporate security measures. Eni recognises, in fact, that 
information is a strategic asset, which must be managed in such 
a way as to ensure the protection of the interests of the Company, 
shareholders and the market. 
In order to ensure the protection of corporate assets, of the interests 
of shareholders and the market, as well as the transparency and 
integrity of conduct, Eni has adopted –in compliance with Consob 
regulatory provisions – rules on transactions involving the interests 
of Directors and Statutory Auditors and transactions with related 
parties. These rules were most recently updated in 2023 by the BoD, 
with the unanimous and favourable opinion of the Control and Risk 
Committee. 
The issue of prevention, identification and management of conflicts 
of interest is also regulated in the Company’s Code of Ethics, in 
the regulatory instrument on the identification and management 
of conflicts of interest as well as in the aforementioned regulatory 
instrument on transactions with the interests of Directors and 
Statutory Auditors and transactions with related parties. In these 
documents, Eni’s people are asked to promote the interests of the 
Company by making decisions objectively and avoiding situations in 
which conflicts of interest could arise. 
In addition, the Regulations on the functioning and organization of 
the BoD, most recently approved at the meeting of May 11, 2023, 
provide, in line with the provisions of Art. 2391 of the Italian Civil 
Code, that before the discussion of each item on the agenda of the 
Board meeting, each Director and Statutory Auditor is required to 
indicate any interests, on their own behalf or on behalf of third parties, 
that they have in relation to the matters or issues to be discussed, 
specifying their nature, terms, origin and scope. The aforementioned 
Regulations also require that, at the time of the Board resolution, the 
Directors concerned do not normally take part in the discussion and 
resolution on the relevant issues, leaving the meeting room. 
An integral part of Eni’s internal control system is the internal control 
system for financial reporting, which aims to provide reasonable 
certainty on the reliability of the financial information itself and 
on the ability of the financial statement preparation process to 
produce such information in accordance with generally accepted 
international accounting standards. The responsibility for designing, 
establishing and maintaining the internal control system for financial 
reporting over time is entrusted to the CEO and the Officer in Charge 
for preparing the Company’s financial reports, who makes use of the 
structure of the Chief Transition & Financial Officer.
A central role in the Company’s internal control and risk 
management system is played by the BoSA which, in addition to the 
supervisory and control functions provided for by the Consolidated 
Law on Finance, is responsible, among others, for monitoring the 
financial reporting process and sustainability reporting. In addition, 
it monitors the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control and 
risk management systems, in accordance with Governance Code, 
also in its capacity as “Internal Control and Audit Committee”, 
pursuant to Italian law, and as “Audit Committee” for the purposes 
of US law. Taking into account the evolution of the legislation on 
mandatory sustainability reporting and the integration with the 
financial one, the responsibilities of the Manager in Charge for 
preparing the company’s financial reports have been updated to 
provide for the oversight of the activities of establishing, monitoring 
and evaluating the internal control system on sustainability 
reporting, the preparation of the Sustainability Report and support 
in the definition of “Eni for”. 
The responsibilities assigned, as well as the regulatory and 
information tools defined as part of Eni’s internal control and risk 
management system, in particular for the purposes of assessing 
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(14) The ultimate responsibility for ensuring compliance with the provisions of Decree no. 125 2024 lies with the directors.
the adequacy and effectiveness of the latter, also allow the 
identification of the so-called “critical concerns”, understood as any 
complaints with potential impacts on the Company’s stakeholders. 
Among the tools in the Internal Control and Risk Management 
System, it should be noted that Eni, since 2006, has adopted 
regulations (published on the Company’s website) that govern the 
process of receiving, analysing and processing reports (so-called 
whistleblowing) sent to Eni SpA and its subsidiaries in order to allow 
In light of the recent regulatory evolution on sustainability reporting, 
Eni has redefined the internal organization, with the attribution of 
responsibility for the process of drafting and approval of mandatory 
sustainability reporting to the Financial Reporting Officer(14), a figure 
already overseeing the processes of drafting financial reporting. This 
was followed by a necessary internal regulatory adjustment, which 
saw the definition of roles, responsibilities, processes and timelines, 
enhancing the greater integration between the financial and non-
financial components through a unified oversight, also with a view to 
the internal control system. The internal control system over mandatory 
sustainability reporting, as part of Eni’s broader Internal Control and Risk 
Management System, has as its main objectives to provide reasonable 
certainty that sustainability reporting is prepared in compliance with the 
applicable standards. Its implementation involves the following phases: 
(i) definition of the control environment integrated with provisions 
regarding financial reporting; (ii) risk assessment and establishment 
of control activities to monitor the identified risks; (iii) monitoring; (iv) 
information flows. The risk assessment activity is a systematic process 
aimed at identifying, analysing and managing the risks that could 
anyone, employees and third parties, to report conduct – referable 
to members of the corporate bodies of administration and control 
and employees of Eni, or to all those who operate or have operated 
in Italy and abroad in the name or on behalf or in the interest of 
Eni – that is in violation of laws and regulations, provisions of the 
Authorities, Code of Ethics, Eni’s Model 231 as well as Compliance 
Models on Corporate Administrative Liability for Eni’s Subsidiaries 
and internal regulations.
compromise the disclosure and involves the use of a model, based 
on a risk-based approach, in order to define the criteria for identifying 
the relevant indicators, for the implementation of control measures; 
the model takes into account both quantitative and qualitative criteria 
to identify indicators for implementing specific controls. Based on 
Eni’s internal control and risk management system and in line with 
the provisions of the internal regulatory system, the regulatory and 
organisational tools that define the application methods, risk control 
and monitoring activities, as well as the guidance, coordination and 
control of Eni SpA’s functions in identifying risks and related mitigation 
measures are analysed. 
The results of the internal control system over sustainability 
reporting are reported to the administrative, management and 
control bodies. In particular, this process uses certification flows 
from the process owners on the adequacy and effective operation 
of the controls envisaged for the relevant indicators, and take also 
into accounts the results of the independent monitoring activities 
carried out by the Internal Audit function, in line with provisions for 
the internal control system over financial reporting.
THE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM ON SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING 
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Operating
review
GLOBAL NATURAL 
RESOURCES
TRANSITION  
BUSINESSES 
INDUSTRIAL 
TRANSFORMATION
EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION
GLOBAL GAS & LNG PORTFOLIO AND POWER
CCS AND AGRI
ENILIVE AND PLENITUDE
REFINING AND CHEMICALS
ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES
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41
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Exploration & Production
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1.7 mmboe/d 
+3% vs. 2023 
driven by organic  projects 
start-ups and the 
integration of Neptune 
1.2 bboe 
of new resources 
with discoveries in Mexico, 
Côte d'Ivoire and Cyprus
Start-up of  
Baleine Phase 2 
in Côte d'Ivoire and  
Argo-Cassiopea
in Italy
Portfolio  
high-grading 
with Neptune and 
Ithaca Energy closing 
and disposals in Nigeria, 
Alaska and Congo
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 
2024
2023
2022
Total recordable incident rate (TRIR)(a)
(total recordable injuries/worked hours)  x 1,000,000
0.46
0.43
0.43
of which: employees
 
0.18
0.48
0.16
contractors
 
0.52
0.41
0.49
Profit per boe(b)(c)
($/boe)
11.3
14.5
9.8
Opex per boe(d)
 
9.2
8.6
8.4
Cash flow per boe 
 
17.3
19.4
29.6
Finding & Development cost per boe(c)(d)
 
22.7
26.3
24.3
Average hydrocarbon realization
 
57.56
59.35
73.98
Production of hydrocarbons(d)
(kboe/d)
1,707
1,655
1,610
Net proved reserves of hydrocarbons(d)
(mmboe)
6,497
6,614
6,628
Reserves life index
(years)
10.4
10.6
11.3
Organic reserves replacement ratio
(%)
124
69
47
Employees at year end
(number)
9,188
9,840
9,733
     of which: outside Italy
 
5,171
5,927
5,831
Direct GHG emissions (Scope 1)(a)
(mmtonnes CO2 eq.)
6.7
7.6
8.4
Volumes of hydrocarbon sent to routine flaring(a)
(billion Sm³) 
0.1
0.2
0.3
Total volume of oil spills (>1 barrel)(a)
(barrels)
2,163
5,132
5,587
Re-injected production water(a)
(%)
51
42
43
(a) KPIs refer to 100% of the operated assets, consolidated and unconsolidated, with reference to the operatorship criteria expressed in the standards for Sustainability Statement. The 
2023 and 2022 data are reported accordingly.
(b) Related to consolidated subsidiaries.
(c) Three-year average.
(d) Includes Eni's share of equity-accounted entities.
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PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR
•	TRIR (Total recordable injury rate) of the workforce was 0.46, 
representing an increase compared to the previous year due 
to higher injury events occurred to contractors. Performance 
improved for employees. 
•	Direct GHG emissions (Scope 1) amounted to 6.7 million 
tonnes of CO2eq, reflecting a decrease compared to 2023 
due to the divestment of assets in Nigeria and Congo and the 
implementation of gas valorization projects in Congo. 
•	Volumes of hydrocarbon sent to routing flaring reported a 
significant reduction compared to 2023, mainly due to the asset 
divestment in Nigeria.
•	Total volume of oil spills decreased significantly, driven by a 
reduction in spills from operations (down by 38%) and from 
sabotage (down by 58%). All sabotage incidents occurred in 
Nigeria, except for one minor event in Italy.
•	Re-injected production water was 51% and increased compared 
to 2023, mainly due to higher volumes from operations in the 
Netherlands, Mexico and Ghana.
•	Hydrocarbon production averaged 1.707 million boe/d, up by 
3% from 2023, driven by organic growth and the full integration 
of Neptune acquired assets, partly offset by the divestment of 
marginal and non-core properties as part of a plan to high-grade 
the upstream portfolio and mature fields decline. 
•	Net proved reserves at December 31, 2024 amounted to 6.5 
bboe based on a reference Brent price of 81 $/barrel. The all 
sources replacement ratio was 113%. The reserves life index 
was 10.4 years (10.6 years in 2023).
PORTFOLIO
•	In January 2024 completed the Neptune Energy acquisition, in 
conjunction with associate Vår Energi. This operation represents 
an exceptional strategic and operational fit by complementing 
Eni’s asset portfolio and geographies, strengthening Eni’s 
positions in key areas like Indonesia, Algeria and the UK, and as 
it aligns with our strategy of growing the natural gas business to 
provide the market and the customers with affordable, secure, 
and lower carbon energy.
•	In August 2024, closed the sale of wholly-owned subsidiary 
Nigerian Agip Oil Company (NAOC) engaged in onshore oil&gas 
exploration and production in Nigeria to the local company 
Oando. The transaction is in line with Eni’s strategy of upgrading 
and rationalizing the upstream portfolio. The 5% participating 
interest in SPDC (Shell Production Development Company Joint 
Venture) is not included in the transaction, as it will be retained 
in Eni’s portfolio. Eni will continue to be present in the Country 
through investment in offshore projects and Nigeria LNG, while 
also exploring new opportunities related to agri-feedstock 
sector.
•	In October 2024 finalized with the Ithaca Energy the business 
combination of the two partners highly complementary asset 
portfolio in the United Kingdom, excluding East Irish Sea assets 
and CCUS activities, to establish a focused, leading operator able 
to deliver growth and value leveraging financial and technical 
synergies. This business combination builds upon track record 
of deploying Eni’s distinctive Satellite Model to adapt to the 
demands of the changing energy markets.
•	In February 2025 signed a Memorandum of Understanding 
with the Petronas, a Malaysian state-owned company, to 
combine selected upstream assets in Indonesia and Malaysia 
establishing a joint venture holding company which is expected 
to generate substantial synergies towards becoming a major 
LNG player in the region, while delivering in the medium term 
a sustainable 500 kboe/d production. The joint venture will 
combine approximately 3 billion boe of estimated reserves 
with an additional 10 billion boe of potential exploration upside. 
Closing is subject to relevant governmental, regulatory and 
partner approvals.
•	In March 2025, agreed on the economic terms and conditions 
of the farm-out to Vitol of a 25% interest in the Eni-operated 
Congo FLNG project (with Eni retaining a post-closing 40% 
interest) and of a 30% interest in the Eni-operated Baleine oil 
project offshore Cote d’Ivoire (with Eni retaining a post-closing 
47.25% interest) for a cash consideration of $1.65 billion and 
economic date January 1, 2024. Closing is subject to customary 
regulatory approval and other conditions.
•	In line with Eni's strategy focused on the rationalization of the 
upstream activities by rebalancing its portfolio and divesting 
non-strategic assets, closed with Hilcorp, one of the largest 
US private company operating in Alaska, the divestment  of the 
100% Nikaitchuq and Oooguruk assets owned by Eni in Alaska 
and with Perenco the sale of Eni's participating interest in 
several production licences in Congo.
EXPLORATION
•	Exploration activities delivered an outstanding performance 
also in 2024, with 1.2 bboe of new resource additions to the 
reserve base at competitive costs of 1.0 $/boe. In particular:
-	in Côte d'Ivoire with the major discovery of Calao in the CI-205 
block (Eni’s interest 90%). This discovery will bring to open up 
new development opportunities, strengthening Eni's exploration 
portfolio and contributing to future growth;
- in Indonesia through significant new upside of gas exploration 
resources;
-	in offshore Cyprus, with the appraisal of Cronos gas discovery in 
the Block 6 (Eni operator with a 50% interest). In addition, project 
activities started by means of the development concept selection 
and the definition of the commercial scheme;
-	in Mexico with the Saasil-1 and Yopaat-1 discoveries in the 
operated Area 10 (Eni’s interest 76%) and Area 9 (Eni’s interest 
50%) licences, respectively. These discoveries open new 
opportunities to develop a potential hub with 1.3 billion boe of 
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resources in place, including discoveries in adjacent blocks;
-	in Congo with two discoveries in the Marine VI Bis block (Eni’s 
interest 65%);
-	other discoveries were made in Angola, Egypt, Italy and Norway.
•	Eni has been named, for the fifth time, the upstream industry’s 
most valuable explorer in Wood Mackenzie’s industry leading 
annual Exploration Survey. The survey recognized Eni’s efforts 
and discoveries to open new frontiers and find large volumes of 
advantaged resources.
•	Reloading 
exploration 
portfolio 
with 
the 
addition 
of 
approximately 24,600 square kilometers with new leases in 
Australia, Angola, Côte d’Ivoire, Namibia, Netherlands, Norway 
and the United Kingdom.
•	In 2024 exploration expenses were €741 million (€687 million 
in 2023) and included the write-off of unsuccessful wells and 
of unproved exploration rights, amounting to €555 million (€482 
million in 2023) associated to projects with negative outcome. In 
particular, exploration and appraisal activities comprised write-
offs of unsuccessful exploration wells costs for €403 million 
mainly in the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kazakhstan, Vietnam, 
Cyprus and Oman. Write-offs of €152 million are related to 
exploration licenses due mainly to exiting from marginal areas. 
In addition, 140 exploratory drilled wells are in progress at year 
end (56.4 net to Eni).
DEVELOPMENT
•	Among the production start-up highlights of the year, we can count: 
-	in Congo, just one year after the FID, the Congo FLNG project 
commenced its deliveries of LNG to international markets, 
making the Republic of Congo a new exporter in the global 
landscape of this fuel. The project is progressing towards its 
target completion by end of 2025 with the launch of the Nguya 
floating vessel, which will increase the liquefaction capacity of 
the project from the current 0.6 to 3 mmtonnes/y.
-	in Italy, started gas production at the Argo Cassiopea field, 
the most important gas development project in the country. 
The gas is being transported through a subsea pipeline to the 
Gela treatment plant, linked to the national grid. Peak annual 
production is expected at approximately 53 bcf;
-	in Cote d’Ivoire, Phase II start-up of the Baleine oil project, 
marking a material step in the development of country’s 
offshore reserves. The Floating Production, Storage and 
Offloading Unit (FPSO) Petrojarl Kong was commissioned 
on time and on budget in line with our fast-track approach 
to reduce the time-to-market, pairing the existing FSO 
Yamoussoukro. The associated gas will supply the local 
energy demand through the connection with a pipeline built 
during the project’s Phase 1. Baleine stands out as the first 
emissions free – Scope 1 and 2 – production project in Africa. 
The associated gas production will be delivered freely to the 
national company, enabling the Country to meet its domestic 
electricity requirements, facilitating access to energy, and 
local development, within Eni’s dual flag partnerships;
• 	Approved by the Indonesian authorities, the Plan of Development 
(PoD) of the Geng North (North Ganal PSC) and Gehem (Rapak 
PSC) fields. The integrated development of the two fields will 
create a new production hub, called Northern Hub, in the Kutei 
Basin. The Indonesian authorities have also approved the 
PoD for Gendalo & Gandang fields (Ganal PSC). These new 
developments, along with the ongoing development activities, 
result from the close strategic partnership between Eni and SKK 
Migas, and will drive a major positive impact on local content 
while also increasing the utilisation of the available capacity at 
Bontang LNG plant, in addition to ensuring gas for domestic 
consumption.
•	In 2025 signed a major agreement with Egypt and Cyprus for 
the exploitation of the Cronos gas discovery in Block 6 offshore 
Cyprus, which will enable Cyprus gas to be exported to Europe 
through the existing Eni’s infrastructure in Egypt, the processing 
plants facilities of the Zohr field and the liquefaction capacity at 
the Damietta LNG plant.
•	Ranked as Gold Standard reporting of the Oil and Gas 
Methane Partnership 2.0 (OGMP 2.0). The recognition of the 
United Nations is based on Eni's positive assessment for its 
commitment to reporting emissions at the highest data quality 
levels, in line with the OGMP 2.0 program recommendations. 
This confirms the effectiveness of the decarbonization 
strategy and a continuous focus on reducing methane 
emissions, increasing accountability and transparency in the 
Eni’s reporting, as a necessary step to effectively track and 
target mitigation. 
•	Signed a Memorandum of Undestanding with the State Oil 
Company of Azerbaijan Republic – Socar, to evaluate potential 
cooperation opportunities in the areas of exploration and 
production of hydrocarbons, energy security & efficiency, GHG 
emissions reduction, gas transportation infrastructures and 
sustainability. 
•	In February 2025 signed three collaboration agreements with 
the UAE companies for the development of: (i) data centres 
in Italy which will be fully powered by blue power supplied by 
Eni, a lower carbon energy source generated by natural gas 
power plants, whose CO2 emissions are captured and stored; 
(ii) renewable energy capacity transmission through cross 
border interconnection between Albania and Italy; and (iii) 
critical minerals to strengthen the security and resilience of the 
critical minerals supply chain for both Italy and the United Arab 
Emirates.
•	Development expenditure amounted to €5.6 billion, in particular 
in Côte d'Ivoire, Congo, Italy, Egypt, Iraq, Libya, Indonesia. 
Algeria, Kazakhstan and the United Arab Emirates.
•	In 2024, overall R&D expenditure amounted to €41 million (€38 
million in 2023).
45
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

RESERVES
Overview
The Company has adopted comprehensive classification criteria for 
the estimate of proved, proved developed and proved undeveloped 
oil & gas reserves in accordance with applicable US Securities and 
Exchange Commission (SEC) regulations, as provided for in Regulation 
S-X, Rule 4-10. Proved oil & gas reserves are those quantities of liquids 
(including condensates and natural gas liquids) and natural gas which, 
by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with 
reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a given date 
forward, from known reservoirs, under existing economic conditions, 
operating methods, and government regulations prior to the time at 
which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence 
indicates that renewal is reasonably certain.
Oil and natural gas prices used in the estimate of proved reserves 
are obtained from the official survey published by Platt’s Marketwire, 
except when their calculation derives from existing contractual 
conditions. Prices are calculated as the unweighted arithmetic 
average of the first-day-of the-month price for each month within 
the 12-month period prior to the end of the reporting period. Prices 
include consideration of changes in existing prices provided only by 
contractual arrangements.
Engineering estimates of the Company’s oil & gas reserves are 
inherently uncertain. Although authoritative guidelines exist regarding 
engineering criteria that have to be met before estimated oil & gas 
reserves can be designated as “proved”, the accuracy of any reserves 
estimate is a function of the quality of available data and engineering 
and geological interpretation and evaluation. Consequently, the 
estimated proved reserves of oil and natural gas may be subject to 
future revision and upward and downward revisions may be made to 
the initial booking of reserves due to analysis of new information.
Proved reserves to which Eni is entitled under concession contracts are 
determined by applying Eni’s equity interest to total proved reserves of 
the contractual area, until expiration of the relevant mineral right. Eni’s 
proved reserves entitlements at PSAs are calculated so that the sale of 
production entitlements cover expenses incurred by the Group for field 
development (Cost Oil) and recognize a share of profit set contractually 
(Profit Oil). A similar scheme applies to service contracts.
Reserves governance
Eni retains rigorous control over the process of booking proved 
reserves, through a centralized model of reserves governance. The 
Reserves Department of the Exploration & Production segment is 
in charge of: (i) ensuring the periodic certification process of proved 
reserves; (ii) updating the Company’s guidelines on reserves evaluation 
and classification and the internal procedures; and (iii) providing 
training of staff involved in the process of reserves estimation.
Company guidelines have been reviewed by DeGolyer and 
MacNaughton (D&M), an independent petroleum engineering 
company, which stated that those guidelines comply with the 
SEC rules1. D&M has also stated that the Company guidelines 
provide reasonable interpretation of facts and circumstances in 
line with generally accepted practices in the industry whenever 
SEC rules may be less precise. When participating in exploration 
and production activities operated by other entities, Eni estimates 
its share of proved reserves on the basis of the above guidelines, 
while for certain joint ventures and associates Eni relies on 
the annual certification of independent petroleum engineering 
companies.
The process for estimating reserves, as described in the internal 
procedure, involves the following roles and responsibilities: (i) the 
business unit managers (geographic units) and Local Reserves 
Evaluators (LRE) are in charge with estimating and classifying gross 
reserves including assessing production profiles, capital expenditure, 
operating expenses and costs related to asset retirement obligations; 
(ii) the petroleum engineering department and the operations unit 
at the head office verify the production profiles of such properties 
where significant changes have occurred and operating expenses, 
respectively; (iii) geographic area managers verify the commercial 
conditions and the progress of the projects; (iv) the Planning and 
Control Department provides the economic evaluation of reserves; 
and (v) the Reserves Department, through the Headquarter Reserves 
Evaluators (HRE), provides independent reviews of fairness and 
correctness of classifications carried out by the above-mentioned 
units and aggregates worldwide reserves data.
Eni’s Head of Reserves holds a Master's degree in Petroleum 
Engineering from the Polytechnic of Turin and 5-years Degree in Civil 
Hydraulic Engineering from the Alma Mater Studiorum - University of 
Bologna. He has 20 years of experience in the upstream industry and 
in reserves evaluation.
Staff involved in the reserves evaluation process fulfils the professional 
qualifications requested by the role and complies with the required level 
of independence, objectivity and confidentiality in accordance with 
professional ethics. Reserves Evaluators qualifications comply with 
international standards defined by the Society of Petroleum Engineers.
 
Reserves independent evaluation
Eni has its proved reserves audited on a rotational basis by 
independent oil engineering companies2.
The description of qualifications of the persons primarily responsible 
for the reserves audit is included in the third-party audit report. In 
the preparation of their reports, independent evaluators rely upon 
information furnished by Eni, without independent verification, with 
respect to property interests, production, current costs of operations 
and development, sales agreements, prices and other factual 
(1) The reports of independent engineers are available on sec.gov in “Item 19 – Exhibits” of the Annual Report on Form 20-F 2009. 
(2) For the past three years we have utilized independent certification services of DeGolyer and MacNaughton, Ryder Scott and Sproule.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
46
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

information and data that were accepted as represented by the 
independent evaluators.
These data, equally used by Eni in its internal process, include logs, 
directional surveys, core and PVT (Pressure Volume Temperature) 
analysis, maps, oil/gas/water production/injection data of wells, 
reservoir studies, technical analysis relevant to field performance, 
development plans, future capital and operating costs.
In order to calculate the net present value of Eni’s equity reserves, 
actual prices applicable to hydrocarbon sales, price adjustments 
required by applicable contractual arrangements and other pertinent 
information are provided by Eni to third-party evaluators.
(3) In 2024 Azule Energy and Vår Energi.
(4) The reports of independent engineers are available on Eni website eni.com section Publications/Annual Report 2024.
(5) Includes Azule Energy and Vår Energi for which Eni has requested a Third Party Letter.
(6) Organic ratio of changes in proved reserves for the year resulting from revisions of previously reported reserves, improved recovery, extensions and discoveries, to production for the 
year. All sources ratio includes sales or purchases of minerals in place. A ratio higher than 100% indicates that more proved reserves were added than produced in a year. The Reserves 
Replacement Ratio is not an indicator of future production because the ultimate development and production of reserves is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. These include
the risks associated with the successful completion of large-scale projects, including addressing ongoing regulatory issues and completion of infrastructure, as well as changes in oil 
and gas prices, political risks and geological and environmental risks.
The volumes and monetary values of the reserves of certain joint 
venture and affiliated companies are certified on their behalf in a 
similar manner by independent petroleum engineering companies 
and provided to Eni3.
In 20244, Ryder Scott Company and Sproule, for consolidated 
subsidiaries, and DeGolyer and MacNaughton, for equity accounted 
entities, provided an independent evaluation of approximately 40%5 
of Eni’s total proved reserves at December 31, 2024, confirming, as in 
previous years, the reasonableness of Eni internal evaluation. In the 
2022-2024 three-year period, 85% of Eni total proved reserves were 
subject to an independent evaluation.
(mmboe)
 Consolidated 
subsidiaries
Equity-accounted 
entities
Total
Estimated net proved reserves at December 31, 2023
4,842
 
1,572
 
6,414
Extensions, discoveries , revisions of previous estimates and im-proved 
recovery, excluding price effect
382
414
796
 
Price effect
(20)
 
(2)
 
(22)
 
Reserve additions, total
362
412
 
774
Portfolio
(292)
226
 
(66)
Production of the year
(479)
(146)
 
(625)
Estimated net proved reserves at December 31, 2024
4,433
 
2,064
 
6,497
Reserves replacement ratio, all sources
(%)
 
 
 
 
113
under the terms and conditions of the Area 4 PSC assigned to the JV 
in 2006. In addition, new discoveries and extensions were also related 
to the final investment decision at the Umm Shaif field in the United 
Arab Emirates and at the Bonga North field in Nigeria.
Portfolio activities provided net negative additions of 66 mmboe 
and comprised: (i) the disposal of the Nigerian onshore petroleum 
assets, the Nikaitchuq and Oooguruk petroleum assets in Alaska and 
certain minor oilfields in Congo; (ii) the Neptune Energy acquisition, 
with acquired assets in Norway, Algeria, Indonesia, the Netherlands 
and the United Kingdom; and (iii) the business combination with 
Ithaca Energy. 
The organic6 and all sources reserves replacement ratio was 124% 
and 113%, respectively. The reserves life index was 10.4 years (10.6 
years in 2023).
For further information, please see the additional information on Oil 
& Gas producing activities required by the SEC in the notes to the 
consolidated financial statements.
Net proved reserves as of December 31, 2024 were 6,497 mmboe, 
of which 4,433 mmboe of consolidated subsidiaries. Net additions 
to proved reserves were 774 mmboe and derived from: (i) revisions 
of previous estimates were positive for 406 mmboe including 
increases in the United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Angola 
and the United States. Revisions to previous estimates include a 
negative price effect of 22 mmboe, mainly due to the change in the 
Brent benchmark marker from 83 $/barrel in 2023 to 81 $/barrel in 
2024. This price change led to the removal of reserves which have 
become uneconomical in the 2024 scenario and net lower reserves 
entitlements under PSA contracts; and (ii) new discoveries and 
extensions of 367 mmboe mainly related to booking of reserves at 
the Coral North project offshore Mozambique (329 mmboe), based on 
the Company final investment decision, status of project maturity and 
commitment within the JV as well as the management’s reasonable 
expectation that remaining formal government approvals will be 
received shortly. The development of Coral North Project is governed 
Movements in net proved reserves
Eni’s net proved reserves were determined taking into account Eni’s share of proved reserves of equity accounted entities. Movements in Eni’s 
2024 proved reserves were as follows:
47
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

ESTIMATED NET PROVED HYDROCARBONS RESERVES
Liquids	
(mmbbl)
Natural gas	
(bcf)
Hydrocarbons	
(mmboe)
Liquids	
(mmbbl)
Natural gas	
(bcf)
Hydrocarbons	
(mmboe)
Liquids	
(mmbbl)
Natural gas	
(bcf)
Hydrocarbons	
(mmboe)
Consolidated subsidiaries
2024
2023
2022
Italy
213
817
368
211
859
374
188
869
352
Developed
129
693
262
136
653
261
139
695
271
Undeveloped
84
124
106
75
206
113
49
174
81
Rest of Europe
 
54
10
27
174
60
36
223
78
Developed
 
52
10
24
167
56
32
214
73
Undeveloped
 
2
 
3
7
4
4
9
5
North Africa
458
5,338
1,479
523
5,935
1,658
531
6,204
1,710
Developed
291
2,692
805
326
3,181
935
336
3,402
984
Undeveloped
167
2,646
674
197
2,754
723
195
2,802
726
Sub-Saharan Africa
268
1,931
638
334
2,479
809
367
2,341
813
Developed
187
1,206
418
225
1,350
482
212
1,306
460
Undeveloped
81
725
220
109
1,129
327
155
1,035
353
Kazakhstan
591
1,489
876
637
1,546
933
644
1,560
941
Developed
539
1,486
823
576
1,546
872
585
1,560
881
Undeveloped
52
3
53
61
 
61
59
 
60
Rest of Asia
578
1,583
881
485
1,303
733
433
1,281
675
Developed
233
799
385
240
725
379
231
796
383
Undeveloped
345
784
496
245
578
354
202
485
292
Americas
127
94
145
213
131
238
234
264
285
Developed
81
56
92
163
107
184
171
195
207
Undeveloped
46
38
53
50
24
54
63
69
78
Australia and Oceania
 
190
36
 
192
37
1
408
79
Developed
 
23
5
 
58
11
1
223
43
Undeveloped
 
167
31
 
134
26
 
185
36
Total consolidated subsidiaries
2,235
11,496
4,433
2,430
12,619
4,842
2,434
13,150
4,933
Developed
1,460
7,007
2,800
1,690
7,787
3,180
1,707
8,391
3,302
Undeveloped
775
4,489
1,633
740
4,832
1,662
727
4,759
1,631
 
 
 
Equity-accounted entities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rest of Europe
391
939
572
326
515
425
350
646
473
Developed
207
545
311
167
359
235
173
444
257
Undeveloped
184
394
261
159
156
190
177
202
216
North Africa
8
222
50
6
14
8
8
9
9
Developed
8
222
50
6
14
8
8
9
9
Undeveloped
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sub-Saharan Africa
226
3,103
819
207
1,501
494
235
1,562
531
Developed
103
1,054
305
107
1,036
305
135
1,070
338
Undeveloped
123
2,049
514
100
465
189
100
492
193
Rest of Asia
110
1,411
379
110
1,406
378
100
1,490
383
Developed
 
 
 
Undeveloped
110
1,411
379
110
1,406
378
100
1,490
383
Americas
23
1,159
244
26
1,260
267
27
1,355
285
Developed
23
1,159
244
26
1,260
267
27
1,355
285
Undeveloped
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total equity-accounted entities
758
6,834
2,064
675
4,696
1,572
720
5,062
1,681
Developed
341
2,980
910
306
2,669
815
343
2,878
889
Undeveloped
417
3,854
1,154
369
2,027
757
377
2,184
792
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total including equity-accounted entities
2,993
18,330
6,497
3,105
17,315
6,414
3,154
18,212
6,614
Developed
1,801
9,987
3,710
1,996
10,456
3,995
2,050
11,269
4,191
Undeveloped
1,192
8,343
2,787
1,109
6,859
2,419
1,104
6,943
2,423
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
48
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Proved undeveloped reserves
Proved undeveloped reserves as of December 31, 2024 totaled 
2,787 mmboe. At year-end, proved undeveloped reserves of liquids 
amounted to 1,192 mmbbl and of natural gas amounted to 8,343 
bcf, mainly concentrated in Africa and Asia. Proved undeveloped 
reserves of consolidated subsidiaries amounted to 775 mmbbl 
of liquids and 4,489 bcf of natural gas. The table below provide 
a summary of changes in total proved undeveloped reserves for 
2024:
During 2024, Eni matured 128 mmboe of proved undeveloped reserves 
to proved developed reserves due to progress in development activities, 
production start-ups and project revisions. The main reclassifications to 
proved developed reserves related to the fields/projects in the following 
countries: Côte d'Ivoire, Angola, Kazakhstan and Italy.
For further information, please see the additional information on Oil & Gas 
producing activities required by the SEC in the notes to the consolidated 
financial statements.
In 2024, capital expenditure amounted to approximately €10.3 billion to 
progress the development of PUDs.
Reserves that remain proved undeveloped for five or more years 
are a result of several factors that affect the timing of the projects 
development and execution, such as the complexity of development 
project in adverse and remote locations, physical limitations of 
infrastructures or plant capacity and contractual limitations that 
establish production levels. The proved undeveloped reserves that 
have remained undeveloped for five years or more at the balance 
sheet date amounted to 0.85 bboe, increasing from 2023, and 
are mainly related to the following projects where developments 
activities are in progress: (i) certain Libyan gas fields (0.45 bboe) 
where production start-ups are planned according to the delivery 
obligations set forth in a long-term gas supply agreement currently 
in force; (ii) certain fields in the United Arab Emirates (0.2 bboe); (iii) 
the Johan Castberg project of Vår Energi (0.1 bboe) due to project 
complexity; and (iii) the Val d’Agri field in Italy (0.1 bboe). 
(mmboe)
Proved undeveloped reserves as of December 31, 2023
2,419
Additions
(128)
Extensions and discoveries
367
Revisions of previous estimates
107
Improved recovery
Portfolio
22
Proved undeveloped reserves as of December 31, 2024
2,787
Delivery commitments
Eni, through consolidated subsidiaries and equity-accounted entities, sells 
crude oil and natural gas from its producing operations under a variety 
of contractual obligations. Some of these contracts, mostly relating to 
natural gas, specify the delivery of fixed and determinable quantities. 
Eni is contractually committed under existing contracts or 
agreements to deliver in the next three years mainly natural gas to 
third parties for a total of approximately 611 mmboe from producing 
assets located mainly in Algeria, Australia, Egypt, Ghana, Indonesia, 
Kazakhstan, Libya, Mozambique, Norway and Venezuela.
The sales contracts contain a mix of fixed and variable pricing 
formulas that are generally indexed to the market price for crude 
oil, natural gas or other petroleum products. Management believes 
it can satisfy these contracts from quantities available mainly from 
production of the Company's proved developed reserves. Production 
is expected to fully account of delivery commitments. 
Eni has met all contractual delivery commitments as of December 
31, 2024.
OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION
In 2024, hydrocarbons production averaged 1.707 million boe/d, 
up by 3% compared to 2023, and was driven by organic growth 
and the full integration of Neptune, partly offset by the divestment 
of oil properties in Nigeria, Alaska and Congo, as part of a plan to 
high-grade the portfolio. The organic growth was due to continuing 
production ramp-ups at the Baleine project in Côte d'Ivoire, in Congo 
and in Mozambique as well as higher activity in Mexico and Libya.
Liquids production was 784 kbbl/d, up by 2% compared to 2023, 
mainly due to the Neptune acquisition and growth in Côte d'Ivoire, 
Libya and Mexico. These increases were partly offset by lower 
production in Egypt and Kazakhstan as well as mature fields 
decline and divestments. as part of a plan to rationalization of 
upstream portfolio.
Natural gas production was 4,831 mmcf/d, up by 5% compared to 
2023, mainly due to the Neptune acquisition, and growth in Congo, 
Libya and Mozambique. These increases were offset by mature 
fields decline and a slowdown of activities in Egypt due to issues on 
part of state-owned companies to fund their share of expenditures. 
Oil and gas production sold amounted to 565 mmboe. The 60 
mmboe difference over production (625 mmboe) mainly reflected 
volumes of natural gas consumed in operations (49 mmboe), 
changes in inventory levels and other variations. Approximately 3% 
of liquids production sold (287 mmbbl) was destined to Eni’s Refining 
business. About 13% of natural gas production sold (1,451 bcf) was 
destined to Eni’s Global Gas & LNG Portfolio business.
49
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

ANNUAL OIL AND NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION(a)(b)
Liquids
(mmbbl)
Natural gas	
(bcf)
Hydrocarbons	
(mmboe)
Liquids
(mmbbl)
Natural gas	
(bcf)
Hydrocarbons	
(mmboe)
Liquids
(mmbbl)
Natural gas	
(bcf)
Hydrocarbons	
(mmboe)
Consolidated subsidiaries
2024
2023
2022
Italy
10
72
23
10
77
25
13
88
30
Rest of Europe
6
71
19
7
40
14
7
46
16
Netherlands
 
24
5
United Kingdom
6
47
14
7
40
14
7
46
16
North Africa
65
778
214
69
813
225
73
789
222
Algeria
20
134
46
23
122
46
23
63
35
Egypt
22
419
102
24
478
116
28
516
126
Libya
22
222
65
21
210
62
21
207
60
Tunisia
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
Sub-Saharan Africa
32
164
63
31
160
61
51
175
84
Angola
 
 
 
19
10
21
Congo
10
76
24
13
63
25
15
72
28
Côte d'Ivoire
6
9
8
2
2
2
Ghana
4
33
11
5
32
11
6
31
12
Nigeria
12
46
20
11
63
23
11
62
23
Kazakhstan
40
92
58
42
93
60
32
73
46
Rest of Asia
34
215
75
31
187
67
28
185
64
China
 
 
 
Indonesia
1
183
35
149
29
118
23
Iraq
10
25
15
9
28
14
6
30
11
Pakistan
 
 
 
21
4
Timor Leste
 
 
 
3
1
7
2
Turkmenistan
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
United Arab Emirates
21
4
22
20
4
20
20
7
22
Americas
21
18
25
25
25
30
22
30
27
Mexico
9
8
11
8
8
10
5
7
6
United States
12
10
14
17
17
20
17
23
21
Australia and Oceania
 
5
1
14
3
19
4
Australia
 
5
1
14
3
19
4
208
1,415
478
215
1,409
485
226
1,405
493
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity-accounted entities
 
 
 
Algeria
 
21
4
Angola
31
43
40
31
43
39
13
31
19
Mozambique
 
44
9
40
8
12
3
Norway
42
130
66
32
97
50
33
108
53
Tunisia
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
United Kingdom
2
10
4
Venezuela
3
104
23
2
102
21
1
94
19
79
353
147
66
283
119
48
246
95
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
287
1,768
625
281
1,692
604
274
1,651
588
(a) Includes Eni's share of equity-accounted equities.
(b) Includes volumes of hydrocarbons consumed in operations (49, 46 and 45 mmboe in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively).
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
50
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

DAILY OIL AND NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION(a)(b)
Liquids
(kbbl/d)
Natural gas	
(mmcf/d)
Hydrocarbons	
(kboe/d)
Liquids
(kbbl/d)
Natural gas	
(mmcf/d)
Hydrocarbons	
(kboe/d)
Liquids
(kbbl/d)
Natural gas	
(mmcf/d)
Hydrocarbons	
(kboe/d)
Consolidated subsidiaries
2024
2023
2022
Italy
27
196.0
64
29
211.2
69
36
242.0
82
Rest of Europe
16
193.5
53
18
108.9
39
20
125.0
44
Netherlands
1
65.1
13
United Kingdom
15
128.4
40
18
108.9
39
20
125.0
44
North Africa 
177
2,126.9
584
190
2,227.7
617
199
2,161.8
610
Algeria
56
365.3
125
62
333.0
126
62
171.5
95
Egypt
59
1,145.9
279
67
1,310.0
318
77
1,413.2
346
Libya
60
606.7
176
59
575.4
169
58
567.0
165
Tunisia
2
9.0
4
2
9.3
4
2
10.1
4
Sub-Saharan Africa  
86
448.6
173
84
439.7
168
139
481.0
230
Angola
 
 
 
52
27.4
57
Congo
26
206.8
66
36
172.9
68
40
197.8
78
Côte d'Ivoire
17
24.2
22
4
6.5
6
Ghana
12
91.1
29
14
88.4
31
16
85.6
32
Nigeria
31
126.5
56
30
171.9
63
31
170.2
63
Kazakhstan
110
250.1
157
115
254.7
163
88
198.6
126
Rest of Asia
93
588.4
205
85
511.8
183
78
507.2
174
China
 
 
 
1
1
1
1
Indonesia
1
500.4
97
1
407.9
79
1
323.5
62
Iraq
28
68.9
40
23
77.5
38
15
82.1
31
Pakistan
 
 
 
56.2
11
Timor Leste
 
3.0
1
8.5
2
1
19.0
4
Turkmenistan
6
6.6
7
6
6.6
7
4
6.4
5
United Arab Emirates
58
9.5
60
54
11.3
56
56
20.0
60
Americas
59
48.7
68
68
69.1
81
59
80.7
74
Mexico
25
20.5
29
22
23.1
26
14
18.1
17
United States
34
28.2
39
46
46.0
55
45
62.6
57
Australia and Oceania
 
14.1
3
37.7
7
52.3
10
Australia
 
14.1
3
37.7
7
52.3
10
568
3,866.3
1,307
589
3,860.8
1,327
619
3,848.6
1,350
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity-accounted entities
 
 
 
Algeria
 
58.6
12
Angola
86
116.4
108
85
117.4
108
36
84.6
53
Mozambique
1
120.6
24
1
109.5
22
32.4
6
Norway
114
354.2
181
87
265.2
138
89
295.3
145
Tunisia
2
2.8
2
2
2.8
2
3
2.9
3
United Kingdom
6
26.7
11
Venezuela
7
285.3
62
5
279.8
58
4
259.2
53
216
964.6
400
180
774.7
328
132
674.4
260
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
784
4,830.9
1,707
769
4,635.5
1,655
751
4,523.0
1,610
(a) Includes Eni's share of equity-accounted equities.
(b) Includes volumes of hidrocarbons consumed in operations (135, 127 and 124 kboe/d in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively).
51
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

PRODUCTIVE OIL AND GAS WELLS(a)
2024
Oil wells
Natural gas wells
(number)
Gross
Net
Gross
Net
Italy
120.0
108.5
230.0
200.1
Rest of Europe
694.0
68.1
297.0
64.3
North Africa
1,827.0
788.0
452.0
183.2
Sub-Saharan Africa
1,608.0
238.8
124.0
14.8
Kazakhstan
212.0
58.0
2.0
0.6
Rest of Asia
960.0
299.0
80.0
29.9
Americas
190.0
86.3
9.0
5.3
Australia and Oceania
 
 
3.0
3.0
 
 
 
 
5,611.0
1,646.7
1,197.0
501.2
(a) Includes 894 gross (235.2 net) multiple completion wells (more than one producing into the same well bore). Productive wells are producing wells and wells capable of production. One or more completions in the same bore 
hole are counted as one well.
EXPLORATORY WELL ACTIVITY
Net wells completed(a)
Wells in progress  
at Dec. 31 (b)
2024
2023
2022
2024
(number)
productive
dry(c)
productive
dry(c)
productive
dry(c)
gross
net
Italy
 
 
1.0
0.6
Rest of Europe
 
1.9
0.1
0.4
0.4
1.2
66.0
16.9
North Africa
1.5
4.6
5.0
6.2
5.4
8.3
15.0
10.4
Sub-Saharan Africa
0.1
 
0.3
0.9
3.7
2.4
37.0
18.3
Kazakhstan
 
1.0
 
 
Rest of Asia
 
3.5
0.9
1.3
0.7
1.0
14.0
6.3
Americas
 
 
1.4
6.0
3.6
Australia and Oceania
 
 
1.0
0.3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.6
11.0
6.3
10.2
10.2
12.9
140.0
56.4
(a) Includes number of wells in Eni's share.
(b) Includes temporary suspended wells pending further evaluation.
(c) A dry well is an exploratory, development, or extension well that proves to be incapable of producing either oil or gas sufficient quantities to justify completion as an oil or gas well.
PRODUCTIVE WELLS
In 2024, oil and gas productive wells were 6,808 (2,147.9 of which 
represented Eni's share). In particular, oil productive wells were 5,611 
(1,646.7 of which represented Eni's share); natural gas productive 
wells amounted to 1,197 (501.2 of which represented Eni's share). 
DRILLING ACTIVITIES
Exploration
In 2024, a total of 37 new exploratory wells were drilled (15.0 of which 
represented Eni’s share), as compared to 39 exploratory wells drilled 
in 2023 (21.6 of which represented Eni’s share) and 40 exploratory 
wells drilled in 2022 (18.9 of which represented Eni’s share).
The following tables show the number of net productive, dry and in 
The following table shows the number of productive wells in the 
year indicated by the Group and its equity-accounted entities in 
accordance with the requirements of FASB Extractive Activities Oil 
and Gas (Topic 932).
progress exploratory wells in the years indicated by the Group and its 
equity-accounted entities in accordance with the requirements of FASB 
Extractive Activities – Oil and Gas (Topic 932). The overall commercial 
success rate was 12.5% (12.8% net to Eni) as compared to 34.5% (38% 
net to Eni) and 45% (44% net to Eni) in 2023 and 2022, respectively.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
52
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

DEVELOPMENT WELL ACTIVITY
Net wells completed(a)
Wells in progress  
at Dec. 31 (b)
2024
2023
2022
2024
(units)
productive
dry(c)
productive
dry(c)
productive
dry(c)
gross
net
Italy
1.2
 
1.0
1.0
 
 
Rest of Europe
3.8
 
4.8
4.6
12.0
1.4
North Africa
21.3
0.5
39.4
25.6
0.5
8.0
6.5
Sub-Saharan Africa
9.2
0.5
5.6
8.5
43.0
13.1
Kazakhstan
1.2
 
2.0
0.6
2.0
0.6
Rest of Asia
13.4
 
22.9
22.1
37.0
11.2
Americas
6.2
 
6.9
8.2
2.0
2.0
Australia and Oceania
 
 
1.0
1.0
1.0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
56.3
1.0
83.6
0.0
70.6
0.5
105.0
35.8
(a) Includes number of wells in Eni's share.
(b) A dry well is an exploratory, development, or extension well that proves to be incapable of producing either oil or gas sufficient quantities to justify completion as an oil or gas well.
Development
In 2024, a total of 217 development wells were drilled (57.3 of which 
represented Eni’s share) as compared to 165 development wells drilled 
in 2023 (83.6 of which represented Eni’s share) and 187 development 
wells drilled in 2022 (71.1 of which represented Eni’s share).
The drilling of 105 development wells (35.8 of which represented 
Acreage 
In 2024, Eni performed its operations in thirty-five countries 
located in five continents. As of December 31, 2024, Eni’s mineral 
right portfolio consisted of 874 exclusive or shared rights of 
exploration and development oil and gas activities. Total acreage 
amounts to 211,347 square kilometers net to Eni (total acreage 
was 301,308 square kilometers net to Eni as of December 31, 
2023). Developed acreage was 26,384 square kilometers and 
undeveloped acreage was 184,963 square kilometers net to Eni.
In 2024 new leases were purchased or awarded in Netherlands, 
Namibia, Australia, Angola, Côte d'Ivoire, Norway, and the 
United Kingdom for a total increase in acreage of approximately 
24,600 square kilometers. Relinquishment for the year related 
mainly to Morocco, Kenya, Angola, Argentina, Indonesia, Italy, 
Nigeria, Oman, Timor Leste and Vietnam covering an acreage 
of approximately 113,030 square kilometers. Interest increases 
were reported mainly in Indonesia and Mexico for a total acreage 
of approximately 2,270 square kilometers. Partial relinquishment 
Eni's share) is currently underway. The following tables show the 
number of net productive, dry and in progress development wells in 
the years indicated by the Group and its equity-accounted entities in 
accordance with the requirements of FASB Extractive Activities - Oil 
and Gas (Topic 932).
was reported mainly in Egypt, Ghana, Italy, Mexico, the United 
Kingdom, and the United Arab Emirates for approximately 3,800 
square kilometers.
The gross undeveloped acreages that will expire in the next three 
years are related to exploration leases, blocks, concessions in: 
(i) Rest of Europe, in particular in Cyprus, Albania, Netherlands, 
Norway and the United Kingdom; (ii) Rest of Asia, in particular 
in Kazakhstan, Timor Leste, Vietnam, Lebanon, Oman and the 
United Arab Emirates; (iii) North Africa, in particular in Algeria, 
Libya and Egypt; (iv) Sub-Saharan Africa, in particular in Angola, 
Namibia, Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire; (v) Americas, in particular in 
Mexico; and (vi) Australia and Oceania, in particular in Australia. 
In most cases extension or renewal options are contractually 
defined and may or may not be exercised depending on the results 
of the studies and the planned activities. Management believes 
that a significant amount of acreage will be maintained following 
extension or renewal.
53
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

OIL AND NATURAL GAS INTERESTS
December 31,  2023
December 31,  2024
Total 
net acreage(a)
Number of
Interest
Gross 
developed
acreage(a)(b)
Gross 
undeveloped
acreage(a) 
Total gross
acreage(a)
Net developed
acreage(a)(b)
Net 
undeveloped 
acreage(a)
Total net
acreage(a)
EUROPE
35,246
474
18,486
72,104
90,590
8,966
29,785
38,752
Italy
10,430
102
7,523
1,913
9,436
6,286
1,511
7,797
Rest of Europe
24,816
372
10,963
70,191
81,154
2,680
28,274
30,955
Albania
587
1
587
587
587
587
Cyprus
13,988
7
25,474
25,474
13,988
13,988
Netherlands
35
2,003
2,539
4,542
855
744
1,599
Norway 
8,161
181
5,820
34,436
40,256
926
9,247
10,174
United Kingdom
2,080
148
3,140
7,155
10,295
899
3,708
4,607
AFRICA
113,242
286
45,710
185,879
231,589
12,755
61,171
73,926
North Africa
54,659
154
20,796
114,038
134,834
8,298
36,833
45,131
Algeria
7,872
75
10,626
8,067
18,693
4,143
3,952
8,095
Egypt
12,427
53
4,911
25,070
29,981
1,714
8,491
10,205
Libya
24,644
14
1,963
78,085
80,048
958
23,686
24,644
Morocco
7,529
 
Tunisia
2,187
12
3,296
2,816
6,112
1,483
704
2,187
Sub-Saharan Africa
58,583
132
24,914
71,841
96,755
4,457
24,338
28,795
Angola
7,633
73
10,790
40,335
51,125
914
8,542
9,456
Congo
1,299
12
666
1,320
1,986
386
713
1,099
Côte d'Ivoire
3,960
11
1,310
8,948
10,258
1,068
7,939
9,007
Ghana
495
4
226
946
1,172
100
402
502
Kenya
35,724
 
Mozambique
3,260
7
719
7,803
8,522
180
3,080
3,260
Namibia
1
5,386
5,386
1,144
1,144
Nigeria
6,212
24
11,203
7,103
18,306
1,809
2,518
4,327
ASIA
140,571
44
9,515
150,500
160,015
3,440
77,464
80,904
Kazakhstan
1,947
6
2,391
2,505
4,896
442
831
1,273
Rest of Asia
138,624
38
7,124
147,995
155,119
2,998
76,633
79,631
China
7
2
43
43
7
7
Indonesia
12,128
10
2,379
15,076
17,455
2,006
10,045
12,051
Iraq
446
1
1,074
1,074
446
446
Lebanon
610
1
1,742
1,742
610
610
Oman
58,955
2
11,256
11,256
9,037
9,037
Qatar
38
1
1,206
1,206
38
38
Timor Leste
5,960
3
412
4,032
4,444
108
4,032
4,140
Turkmenistan
180
1
200
200
180
180
United Arab Emirates
17,830
11
3,016
28,251
31,267
251
16,407
16,658
Vietnam
21,251
3
17,902
17,902
15,245
15,245
Other Countries(c)
21,219
3
 
68,530
68,530
 
21,219
21,219
AMERICAS
9,498
62
1,943
11,566
13,509
895
7,441
8,336
Mexico
3,442
10
67
5,165
5,232
67
3,269
3,336
United States
631
41
615
172
787
331
31
362
Venezuela
1,066
6
1,261
1,543
2,804
497
569
1,066
Other Countries
4,359
5
 
4,686
4,686
 
3,572
3,572
AUSTRALIA AND  OCEANIA
2,751
8
328
15,394
15,722
328
9,101
9,429
Australia
2,751
8
328
15,394
15,722
328
9,101
9,429
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
301,308
874
75,982
435,443
511,425
26,384
184,962
211,347
(a) Square Kilometers.
(b) Developed acreage refers to those leases in which at least a portion of the area is in production or encompasses proved developed reserves.
(c) Includes exploration licenses in Russia that are expected to be relinquished.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
54
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

ITALY 
(1926)
Adriatic and 
Ionian Sea
Barbara (100%), Annamaria (100%), Clara NW (51%), Hera Lacinia (100%) and Cervia-Arianna (100%)
Basilicata Region
Val d'Agri (61%)
Sicily
Gela (100%), Argo-Cassiopea (60%), Giaurone (100%) and Bronte (100%)
REST OF EUROPE
Netherlands
(2024)
E17a-A (37.15%), F3 (58.96%), G-blocks (from 32.85% to 60%), K2b-A (56.62%), K9ab-B (from 31.06% to 35.43%), L12-L15 (from 30% to 60.23%), L10/K12 
(from 30.39% to 49.29%), L5 hub (from 59.50% to 60%), Q13a-A (50%) and K6-D (27.47%)
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria(a)
(1981)
Sif Fatima II (49%), Berkine South (75%), Block 404-208 (17,5%), Zemlet El Arbi (49%), Ourhoud II (49%), Blocks 403a/d (100%), Block ROM North (35%), 
Blocks 401a/402a (100%), Block 403 (50%), Block 405b (75%), In Amenas (Eni 45.89%) and In Salah (Eni 33.15%)
Egypt(a)(b)
(1954)
Sinai (Belayim Land, Belayim Marine, Abu Rudeis and Sinai Ras Gharra - 100%), Ras el Barr (Ha'py and Seth - 50%), South Ghara (25%), Alam El Shawish 
(25%), Shorouk (Zohr - 50%), Nile Delta (Abu Madi West/Nidoco - 75%), Meleiha (76%), North Port Said (Port Fouad - 100%), Temsah (Tuna, Temsah and 
Denise - 50%), Southwest Meleiha (75%), Baltim (50%), North El Hammad Offshore (Bashrush - 37.5%) and East Obayed (Faramid - 75%)
Libya(a)
(1959)
Offshore contract 
areas
Area C (Bouri - 50%) and Area D (Blocco NC 41 - 50%)
Onshore contract 
areas
Area A (former concession 82 - 50%), Area B (former concession 100/ Bu-Attifel and Block NC 125 - 50%), Area E (El-Feel - 33.3%) and 
Area D (Block NC 169 - 50%)
Tunisia
(1961)
Maamoura (49%), Baraka (49%), Adam (25%), Oued Zar (50%) and Djebel Grouz (50%)
SUB-SAHARAN 
AFRICA
Congo
(1968)
Néné-Banga Marine and Litchendjili (Block Marine XII, 65%), Kitina (52%), M’Boundi (83%) and Yanga Sendji (29.75%) 
Côte d'Ivoire
(2015)
Baleine (77.25%)
Ghana
(2009)
Offshore Cape Three Points (44.44%)
Nigeria(c)
(1962)
OML 125 (100%) and OML 118 (12.5%) 
KAZAKHSTAN(a)
(1992)
 
Kashagan (16.81%) and Karachaganak (29.25%)
REST OF ASIA 
Indonesia
(2001)
Jangkrik (55%) and Merakes (65%)
Iraq
(2009)
Zubair (41.56%)(d)
United Arab 
Emirates
(2018)
Lower Zakum (5%), Umm Shaif and Nasr (10%) and Area B - Sharjah (50%)
AMERICAS 
Mexico
(2019)
Area 1 (100%)
United States 
(1968)
Allegheny (100%), Appaloosa (100%), Pegasus (100%), Longhorn (75%), Devils Towers (100%), Triton (100%), Europa (32%), Medusa (25%),  Lucius 
(14.45%), Frontrunner (37.5%) and Heidelberg (12.5%)
(a) In certain extractive initiatives, Eni and the host Country agree to assign the operatorship of a given initiative to an incorporated joint venture, a so‐called operating company. The operating company in its capacity as the operator 
is responsible of managing extractive operations. Those operating companies are not controlled by Eni.
(b) Eni’s working interests (and not participating interests) are reported. This includes Eni’s share of costs incurred on behalf of the first party accordingly to the terms of PSAs inforce in the Country.
(c) As partners of SPDC JV, Eni holds a 5% interest in 15 onshore blocks and in 1 conventional offshore block.
(d) Eni is leading a consortium of partners including Kogas and the national oil companies Missan Oil and Basra Oil within a Technical Service Contract as contractor.
The table below sets forth, as of December 31, 2024 and by main 
producing countries in each geographic area, Eni’s producing 
assets, the year in which Eni’s activities started and the Eni’s 
participating interest in each asset. The table does not include the 
assets held by the joint ventures and associates. In particular: (i) 
in Angola, the Azule Energy joint venture (Eni's interest 50%) holds 
interests in 17 blocks (of which 9 exploration blocks) and also in 
the Angola LNG JV; (ii) in the United Kingdom, the Ithaca Energy 
joint venture (Eni’s interest 37.17%) holds interests in 37 fields, 
of which 10 operated and production fields, located in the North 
Sea; (iii) in Norway, the Vår Energi associate (Eni's interest 63.1%) 
holds interests in 142 licences (of which 83 development licenses 
and 59 exploration licences); (iv) in Mozambique, the Mozambique 
Rovuma Venture SpA joint venture (Eni's interest 35.71%) is the 
operator of the Area 4 production licence; (v) in Venezuela, where 
the Cardon IV (Eni's interest 50%), PetroSucre (Eni’s interest 26%) 
and PetroJunin (Eni’s interest 40%) joint ventures holds interests 
in the Perla, Corocoro and Junin 5 production fields, respectively; 
(vi) in Tunisia, where operate the Société Italo Tunisienne 
d’Exploitation Pétrolière (Eni’s interest 50%) joint venture; and (vii) 
in Algeria, where operate the E&E Algeria Touat BV joint venture 
(Eni’s interest 54%).
MAIN PRODUCING ASSETS (GROUP SHARE IN %) AND THE YEAR IN WHICH ENI STARTED OPERATIONS
55
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

MAIN EXPLORATION  
AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Eni’s exploration and production activities are conducted in many 
Countries and are therefore subject to a broad range of legislation 
and regulations. These cover virtually all aspects of exploration and 
production activities, including matters such as license acquisition, 
production rates, royalties, pricing, environmental protection, export, 
taxes and foreign exchange. The terms and condition of the leases, 
licenses and contracts under which these Oil & Gas interests are held 
vary from Country to Country. These leases, licenses and contracts 
are generally granted by or entered into with a government entity or 
state company and are sometimes entered into with private property 
owners. These contractual arrangements usually take the form of 
concession agreements or production sharing agreements.
Concessions contracts. Eni operates under concession contracts 
mainly in Western Countries. Concessions contracts regulate 
relationships between States and oil companies with regards to 
hydrocarbon exploration and production activity. Contractual clauses 
governing mineral concessions, licenses and exploration permits 
regulate the access of Eni to hydrocarbon reserves. The company 
holding the mining concession has an exclusive right on exploration, 
development and production activities, sustaining all the operational 
risks and costs related to the exploration and development activities, 
and it is entitled to the productions realized. As a compensation for 
mineral concessions, pays royalties on production (which may be in 
cash or in-kind) and taxes on oil revenues to the state in accordance 
with local tax legislation. Both exploration and production licenses 
are granted generally for a specified period of time (except for 
production licenses in the United States which remain in effect until 
production ceases): the term of Eni’s licenses and the extent to 
which these licenses may be renewed vary by area. Proved reserves 
to which Eni is entitled are determined by applying Eni’s share of 
production to total proved reserves of the contractual area, in respect 
of the duration of the relevant mineral right.
Production Sharing Agreement (PSA). Eni operates under PSA in 
several of the foreign jurisdictions mainly in African, Middle Eastern, 
Far Eastern Countries. The mineral right is awarded to the national oil 
company jointly with the foreign oil company that has an exclusive right 
to perform exploration, development and production activities and can 
enter into agreements with other local or international entities. In this 
type of contract, the national oil company assigns to the international 
contractor the task of performing exploration and production with 
the contractor’s equipment (technologies) and financial resources. 
Exploration risks are borne by the contractor and production is divided 
into two portions: “Cost Oil” is used to recover costs borne by the 
contractor and “Profit Oil” is divided between the contractor and the 
national company according to variable schemes and represents 
the profit deriving from exploration and production. Further terms 
and conditions of these contracts may vary from Country to Country. 
Pursuant to these contracts, Eni is entitled to a portion of a field’s 
reserves, the sale of which is intended to cover expenditures incurred 
by the Company to develop and operate the field. The Company’s share 
of production volumes and reserves representing the Profit Oil includes 
the share of hydrocarbons which corresponds to the taxes to be paid, 
according to the contractual agreement, by the national government 
on behalf of the Company. As a consequence, the Company has to 
recognize at the same time an increase in the taxable profit, through the 
increase of the revenues, and a tax expense. Proved reserves to which 
Eni is entitled under PSAs are calculated so that the sale of production 
entitlements should cover expenses incurred by the Group to develop a 
field (Cost Oil) and recognize the Profit Oil set contractually (Profit Oil). A 
similar scheme applies to some service contracts.
Italy
Exploration activities yielded positive results with the GEMINI 1 
exploration well in the Sicily offshore, at the end of 2024. Production 
start-up, with all required authorization, will leverage on the synergies 
with the Argo Cassiopea production project. 
During 2024, the cancellation of the PiTESAI has brought the 
legislative of mining right (Titoli minerari) back to the original text, 
thus re-opening to the possibility of activities in previously non-
suitable areas. In addition, the Decree 153/2024 (D.L. Ambiente) has 
introduced some important changes to the mining regulations, in 
particular reducing the limit for offshore upstream activities from 12 
to 9 miles from coast. 
In August 2024 production of the Argo Cassiopea gas project started 
up, the most important gas development project in Italy of recent 
years. Natural gas production of the four wells is transported via a 
sealine to the Gela treatment plan connected to the national grid. 
Project configuration and design will support to achieve the carbon 
neutrality target (Scope 1 and 2). Within the Memorandum of 
Understanding for the Gela area, during the year the following were 
signed: (i) two implementation agreements with the Municipality of 
Gela for urban redevelopment interventions; and (ii) an agreement 
with the Municipality of Gela, Sicilian Region, Port Authority of 
Western Sicily, Protection Civil to contribute for the regeneration at 
the Porto Rifugio in Gela.
Within the local support communities’ initiatives, according to the 
ratification of the framework agreement with the Fondazione Banco 
Alimentare Onlus, Banco Alimentare della Sicilia Onlus and the 
Municipality of Gela, activities progressed to create a food storage 
and distribution center for disadvantaged communities. In addition, 
in 2024, project, launched in 2023, is ongoing to support the logistics 
and distribution of foodstuffs by the Banco Alimentare della Sicilia 
Onlus to local people participating in the program.
In the gas assets of the Adriatic Seas, activities concerned: (i) 
production start-up of the Donata 4 well through existing facilities; (ii) 
maintenance and production optimization intervention mainly at the 
Cervia field; (iii) asset rationalization program; and (iv) an upgrading 
compression facilities project at Casalborsetti and Falconara 
treatment facilities in order to increase efficiency and reduce CO2 
emissions. The project completion is expected in 2025. In addition, in 
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Ravenna, a project was completed by Joule, Eni's school for business, 
focused on technologies of the blue and green economy to support 
the energy transition of local companies thanks to partnerships and 
industrial collaborations.
In 2024, as part of the long-term collaboration agreement with 
the Municipality of Crotone, urban re-qualification, landscape 
improvement and cultural development initiatives were completed, 
as well as economic diversification projects, health programs and 
activities to support fishing sector.
The Decommissioning program has been continued during 2024, 
according to the Italian Ministerial Decree 15 February 2019 “Linee 
guida nazionali per la dismissione mineraria delle piattaforme per 
la coltivazione in mare e delle infrastrutture connesse”, by means 
of awarding a contract for the removal of 10 platforms. Activities 
start-up is expected in 2025. A plug-and-abandon campaign of non-
productive onshore and offshore wells is ongoing.
In the Val d’Agri concession, activities carried out during the year 
concerned: (i) sidetrack of existing two wells, in line with approved 
“Work Program”, with production start-up expected in 2025; and (ii) 
production optimization activities to mitigate field decline.
In 2024, commitment progressed within the New Memorandum 
of Intent between Eni, Shell and the Basilicata Region which 
includes non-oil projects to support local development. During the 
year activities concerned: (i) the signing of agreement with the 
Basilicata Region and Acquedotto Lucano to build photovoltaic 
plants of approximately 49 MW total installed capacity supporting 
water sector; (ii) the definition of agreement with Agenzia Lucana 
di Sviluppo e di Innovazione in Agricoltura (ALSIA) to realize an 
agricultural supply chain for the biofuels production; (iii) the 
completion of the first program supporting local entrepreneurship 
by Joule, Eni's school for business; (iv) cultural development 
initiatives in collaboration with the Municipality of Viggiano; 
(v) activities of the “Agricultural Center for Experimentation 
and Training” project nearby the Val d’Agri Oil Center by means 
of sustainable agricultural initiatives and experimental crops, 
training programs for schools and technique center; and (iv) 
energy sustainable programs defined by the agreement of eleven 
Municipality of the Val d’Agri area as well as initiatives defined 
with the agreement with the Basilicata Region within the LucAS 
(Lucani Ambiente e Salute) preliminary project.
Rest of Europe
Netherlands. Main development activities concerned: (i) production 
optimization programs in the K12-G and K2b-A6 licenses; and (ii) 
concept definition activities of the L7F field development project, 
with a final investment decision expected in 2025.
Norway. Exploration activities yielded positive results with 13 wells 
drilled in the Ringhorne North, Cerisa, and Countach operated hubs, 
near the existing production infrastructures of Balder, Gjoa, and 
Goliat fields, respectively.
Main development activities concerned the Johan Castberg and 
Balder X sanctioned project in the PL 001 licence in the North Sea as 
well as the Halten East sanctioned project. Development activities 
are ongoing and production start-up of three projects is expected 
in 2025. In addition, during 2024, the Balder Phase V development 
project was sanctioned. 
United Kingdom. In October 2024, Eni finalized the combination of 
the upstream assets in the UK, excluding East Irish Sea assets and 
CCUS activities, with Ithaca Energy plc. The combination provided 
the contribution of Eni’s assets to Ithaca Energy in exchange for a 
participating interest of 37.17% in the entity post transaction. The 
transaction has been approved by the competent authorities and the 
relevant antitrust regulators. This business combination builds upon 
our track record of deploying Eni’s distinctive Satellite Model in the 
upstream business.
The PL2638, P2664, and P2668 exploration licenses were awarded 
in 2024, located in the North Sea.
Development activities concerned: (i) production start-up of the 
Talbot project; and (ii) the completion of drilling activities and 
production start-up of three development wells in the Seagull field. 
During the year, one additional development well was completed, 
and start-up is expected in 2025.  
North Africa
Algeria. In 2024, the acquisition of the Neptune assets in Western 
Sahara in the Touat concession (Eni’s interest 35.1%) was completed.
In July 2024, Eni signed a Memorandum of Understanding with 
Sonatrach and Sonelgaz to conduct feasibility studies for a joint 
project aimed to producing electricity from renewable sources 
in Algeria, to be exported to and marketed in Europe through a 
submarine sealine between Algeria and Italy.
Development activities concerned: (i) production optimization 
programs by means of the drilling of seven wells in the Berkine 
North concession and one well in the Berkine South concession; 
(ii) completion of the ROD Debottlenecking project with an increase 
in the gas treatment capacity of the existing plant; and (iii) the 
construction of a 10 MW photovoltaic plant in the BRN field in the 
block 403, doubling the existing plant capacity. Programs are under 
evaluation for the construction of a 12 MW photovoltaic plant in the 
MLE field in the block 405b.
Egypt. During the year production optimization program in the Sinai, 
Western Desert and Mediterranean Sea concessions progressed 
at a good pace. In particular, in the Zohr production field was 
completed: (i) a compression project through operational synergy 
with the nearby El Gamil plant; and (ii) a project to increase onshore 
water treatment plant.
In addition, in the Western Desert concession, development activities 
included: (i) the Meleiha Phase 2 project ongoing with the completion 
of transport facility to increase the existing gas operational flexibility; 
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and (ii) the completion of the flaring down program at the Meleiha oil 
treatment plant. With this project, Eni in Egypt achieved zero routine 
flaring ahead of the original plan.
As of December 31, 2024, Eni’s proved reserves booked at the Zohr 
field amounted to 429 mmboe.
Development activities progressed by means also certain local 
development activities. In the Port Said these projects includes 
among the main intervention areas: (i) technical education with 
the establishment of the Zohr Applied Technology School (ATS), as 
well as the launch of the University Education in Energy Engineering 
Technology project, in collaboration with the Politecnico di Milano 
and Eni Corporate University; and (ii) awareness initiatives, supply of 
medical equipment and specialist skills development of local health 
personnel.
In the South Sinai and Matrouh Governorates, two agricultural support 
projects were completed to improve communities resilience to high 
desertification vulnerability, with about 6,000 people benefiting. 
In the Matrouh and Damietta Governorates, two Applied Technology 
Schools have also been launched which will be further supported by 
AICS (Italian Agency for Development Cooperation).
Eni holds interest in the Damietta liquefaction plant with a capacity 
of 5.2 mmtonnes/y of LNG associated to approximately 283 bcf/y 
of feed gas.
Libya. Development activities progressed in all ongoing projects 
in the Country. In particular: (i) in the A&E Structure project located 
in Area D off the Libyan coast, development activities progressed 
aiming at gas production start-up. Progress for the year included 
the award of main contracts for the A structure development; 
(ii) in the BGUP project to reduce CO2 emissions and to valorize 
associated gas of the Bouri field, the construction activities are 
ongoing and submarine surveys were finalized; (iii) in the Sabratha 
Compression project to support current production of the Bahr 
Essalam field, construction activities of unit compression and 
the preparatory activities for the installation phase progressed. In 
2024, a professional training project was launched in partnership 
with the International Organization for Migration targeting to 
increase youth employment in the south of country.
Tunisia. Main Development activities concerned: (i) a production 
optimization program; and (ii) the completion activities of some 
wells with production start-up at Maamoura concession and at the 
Iklil field in the Adam concession.
During the year local development activities focused on the 
renovation and installation of photovoltaic panels at certain public 
school.
Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola. The exploration activities brought positive results with the 
Likembe 1X oil well in the Block 15, the Dalia-6 oil well in the Block 17 
and the PKBB oil well in the Block 14 which is already in production.
In 2024, Azule finalized: (i) the farm-in agreement with Rhino 
Resources to purchase a 42.5% interest of the offshore Block 
2914A in Namibia. The agreement included the option for the 
operatorship of the block; and (ii) the disposal of a 12% stake in the 
Block 3/05 and a 16% stake in the Block 3/05A, located in the Lower 
Congo Basin.The development activities are focused on: (i) the 
development project of the Quiluma and Maboqueiro fields within 
the New Gas Consortium. The project is the first non-associated 
gas development in the country and consists of the installation of 
two offshore production platforms, an onshore treatment plant, and 
the connection facilities to A-LNG liquefaction plant. The start-up is 
expected at the end of 2025, with an estimated production plateau 
of approximately 330 mmcf/d;  (ii) the Agogo Integrated West Hub 
project in the western area of the Block 15/06. The main contracts 
are under execution, and the production start-up is expected in 2025 
with an estimated production peak of 170 KBOE/d; (iii) the progress 
of the development optimization studies of PAJ project in the Block 
31; (iv) the start-up of infilling activities in the Block 18; and (v) local 
support programs for the communities of country’s provinces with 
interventions in different social areas such as access to water and 
sanitary facilities, health, education, social inclusion, economic 
diversification, access to renewable energy as well as environmental 
protection and demining programs. In particular, during 2024, 
programs were completed in the field of access to 18 new water 
sources, 7 new schools, professional training center as well as a 
renovation of a hospitality center and interventions to support more 
than 2,500 farmers and the installation of 21 solar plants. 
In addition, the international health capacity building project 
progressed in the Luanda area targeting to enhance the health 
personnel skills, with the Italian health institutes of excellence 
engagement.
Congo. The exploration activities have also positive results in the 
Marine VI Bis block (Eni’s interest 65%) with the Poalvou Marine 2 gas 
and condensate and the Mbenga Marine 1 oil and gas discoveries 
wells. 
In 2024, Eni finalized with Perenco the divestment of its participating 
interest in several production licenses in the country in line with 
the upgrading upstream portfolio through selected development 
initiatives.
In February 2024, the Congo FLNG project commenced its deliveries 
of LNG to international markets, ensuring the Republic of Congo 
the status of exporter in the global landscape of this fuel. The gas 
volumes of the Marine XII Block are monetized both for the country’s 
energy needs and, the surplus gas quota, for LNG production through 
Congo FLNG Project. The production start-up was achieved through 
a modular and phased development approach, also leveraging on the 
existing assets. The liquefaction gas capacity is planned to achieve 
approximately a 160 bcf/y plateau. According to the agreements 
recently signed, all LNG production will be marketed by Eni.
The development activities are focused on: (i) the completion 
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activities of the Nguya FLNG, which will complement the current 
FLNG Tango of the Congo FLNG project. The new FLNG unit will 
significantly increase the project’s liquefaction capacity from the 
current 0.6 mmtonnes/y to 3 mmtonnes/y once commissioned by 
the end of 2025. The Nguya FLNG will have a lower carbon footprint 
thanks to its design, technology and zero-flaring approach, in line 
with Eni's decarbonization strategy; and (ii) programs of sidetracks 
of existing wells and drilling of new infilling wells in order to maximize 
Nènè field oil production. 
During 2024, the Oyo Center of Excellence for Renewable Energy and 
Energy Efficiency came into operation with the completion of the 
organizational structure necessary to manage activities. The center is 
managed by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization 
(UNIDO) as defined by the collaboration agreement and during the 
year: (i) launched the first research projects by means of the first nine 
researchers shortlisted; and (ii) organized workshop on the raising 
awareness of solar energy use, as a vector of social and economic 
community development. In addition, among the activities of the 
Oyo Center there is the commitment to become a reference for the 
certification of improved cookstoves and to promote at a regional level. 
One elements of the programs to support the reduction environmental 
impacts and to improve the standard communities living.
During the year progressed to support the integrated project in the 
HINDA district. The project includes activities to sustain the socio-
economic development of the local communities with initiatives in 
the field of education and health services, access to water and the 
agricultural sector with a specific training program. 
Côte d'Ivoire. In 2024, the exploration activities resulted in the Calao 
discovery in the Block CI-205 (Eni’s interest 90%). This discovery 
opens up new development options, strengthening Eni's exploration 
portfolio.
In 2024, Eni was awarded the CI-504, CI-526, CI-706, and CI-708 
offshore exploration blocks with an 88% interest, near the Block CI-
205 where the Calao discovery is located and represents a strategic 
opportunity for further synergies options in the area.
In December 2024, Eni completed the Phase 2 of the Baleine field 
development program achieving significant production ramp-
up with the addition of two FPSO-FSO units, and the relevant 
subsea wells with the interconnecting facilities. The Baleine 
fields is located in the operated offshore CI-101 and CI-802 
blocks. The Phase 2 development program will increase the block 
production plateau up to 60 kbbl/d and approximately 70 mmcf/d 
of associated gas.The Baleine full field project also includes 
a Phase 3 development that is aimed to achieve a production 
capacity equal to 150 KBBL/d and approximately 210 mmCF/d of 
associated gas for domestic needs.
In 2024, as in previous years, the local development projects, within 
the Baleine project, concerned initiatives in the following sectors: (i) 
health, with two projects to support a total of 20 health centers with 
renovation program, upgrading energy facilities, equipment donation 
and training of healthcare staff and non-healthcare professional; (ii) 
professional training in collaboration with the Iveco Group supporting 
access to work for 300 young people; (iii) economic diversification, 
by means of ongoing project with the construction of a textile 
production centre and training of over 200 local craftsmen; and (iv) 
access to education, with the renovation initiatives of 22 schools, 
training activities of teachers and school supplies distribution to 
approximately 15,000 students.
Mozambique. In 2024, the Company took the final investment 
decision to develop the Coral North project. The Coral North 
development plan was submitted for approval to the Country’s 
government. The Coral North project is part of the development 
program to bring in production the Area 4 reserves by the delegated 
operators (Eni and ExxonMobil). This program relies on both offshore 
development scenarios in analogy with Coral South FLNG project, 
and onshore options also through synergies with Area 1.
Within programs to support local communities in the country, in 
2024 the activities progressed with: (i) programs to support primary 
and child schooling, public health and youth employment in the 
Pemba district. In addition, the first Intensive Care Unit and CT scan 
were completed and launched in the province of Cabo Delgado; (ii) 
activities to improve access to fresh water in the Mecufi and Metuge 
districts, along with initiatives for the social and health services 
enhancement and the biodiversity protections in the district of Mecufi; 
(iii) initiatives to promote social cohesion and economic integration; 
and (iv) economic development programs in the agricultural and 
fishing sectors in the province of Cabo Delgado and Manica where in 
particular ongoing project concerned over 2,000 small farmers with 
training activities, seeds distribution and equipment supply.
Nigeria. In August 2024, Eni finalized the sale of wholly-owned 
subsidiary Nigerian Agip Oil Company (NAOC Ltd) to the local 
company OANDO PLC. NAOC was in charge of the onshore oil & gas 
exploration and production activities. The transaction is in line with 
Eni’s strategy of upgrading and rationalizing the upstream portfolio. 
The 5% participating interest in the SPDC JV (Shell Production 
Development Company Joint Venture) is not included in the 
transaction, as it will be retained in Eni’s portfolio. Eni will continue to 
be present in the Country through investment in deepwater projects 
and Nigeria LNG.
The main development activity is the Bonga North project in OML 
118 where the Final Investment Decision (FID) was sanctioned in 
2024. The project will connect of new subsea wells to the existing 
FPSO of Bonga. In addition, a scholarship program was launched 
and funded reaching over 2,000 beneficiaries as part of the initiatives 
to support the Niger Delta people.
Eni holds also a 10.4% interest in the Nigeria LNG Ltd joint venture, 
which owns and runs the Bonny liquefaction plant located in the 
Eastern Niger Delta. The plant has a production capacity of 22 
mmtonnes/y of LNG associated with approximately 1,270 BCF/y of 
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feed gas. The natural gas supplies to the plant are currently provided 
under a gas supply agreement from the SPDC JV, TEPNG JV and 
Oando Energy Resources Nigeria Limited JV (former NAOC JV). In 
2024, the Bonny liquefaction plant processed approximately 810 
BCF. LNG production is sold under long-term contracts and exported 
mainly to the United States, Asian and European markets by the 
Bonny Gas Transport fleet, wholly owned by Nigeria LNG, as well as 
is sold FOB by means of the fleet owned by third parties.
Kazakhstan
Kashagan. Development plans of the Kashagan field envisage a 
phased increase in the production capacity. The first development 
phase provides for a progressive increase up to 450 kbbl/d. The 
activities, sanctioned in 2020, include the upgrading of management 
capacity of associated gas by means of: (i) increasing gas reinjection 
capacity by adding new equipment, which was completed in 2022; 
and (ii) installation of a new onshore treatment unit operated by a 
third party, currently under construction, for the remaining part of 
associated gas volumes.
In 2024, production averaged 80 kboe/d net to Eni. As of December 
31, 2024, Eni’s proved reserves booked for the Kashagan field 
amounted to 558 mmboe. 
Karachaganak. In 2024 the additional development phase, sanctioned 
in 2020, of the Karachaganak field progressed and included: (i) the 
drilling of three new injection wells and the construction of a new sixth 
injection line. Activities were completed in 2023; (ii) the installation of a 
fifth compression gas unit, started up in 2024; and (iii) the installation 
of a sixth compression unit, last development phase, sanctioned in 
2022. Start-up is expected in 2026.
In 2024 voluntary local development programs progressed with 
activities in in several sectors and Country’s area: (i) agricultural 
development project was launched in the Distict of Burlin; (ii) specific 
training programs of local partner and stakeholder; and (iii) cultural 
initiatives and promotion. 
Rest of Asia
Indonesia. During the year, Eni has been awarded by the country’s 
authorities a twenty-year extension of the Ganal (Eni’s interest 82%) 
and Rapak (Eni’s interest 82%) development blocks, as well as of the 
Muara Bakau development and production license.
In August 2024, the Indonesian authorities approved: (i) the Plan 
of Development (PoD) of the Geng North and Gehem fields. The 
integrated development of the two fields will create a new production 
hub, called Northern Hub, in the Kutei Basin. These fields will be put 
into production by means of subsea wells, flowlines and by building 
and installing a new FPSO with a treatment capacity of approximately 
1 bcf/d gas, approximately 80 kbbl/d of condensates and a storage 
capacity of 1 mmbbl. Natural gas will be treated by the FPSO and will 
be carried to onshore facilities linked to the East Kalimantan pipeline 
network. The production will be delivered to the Bontang LNG plant 
and exported; a part of gas production will be destined to fulfil 
domestic needs. The condensates production will be stabilized and 
stored by the FPSO and then marketed; (ii) the PoD of the Gendalo 
& Gandang fields. Production start-up will be achieved by means of 
the linkage to existing facilities of the Jangkrik production field, thus 
extending the useful life of the vessel.
Other development activities mainly concerned: (i) execution phase 
of the Merakes East project in the East Sepinggan operated block, 
in the deepwater of the Eastern Kalimantan. Start-up is expected 
in 2025; (ii) the Maha project in the West Ganal operated offshore 
block (Eni’s interest 70%) with start-up expected in 2026; and (iii) 
several projects to support local communities in the field of primary 
education, access to water and renewable energy, economic 
diversification initiatives as well as professional training programs 
in the Samboja and Muara Java areas, in the Eastern Kalimantan.
Iraq. Activities comprised the execution of an additional development 
phase of the ERP (Enhanced Redevelopment Plan) at the Zubair field. 
Main facilities have already been installed. Ongoing development 
activities include programs to expand water availability to maintain 
adequate reservoir pressurization in the long term and to increase 
water treatment and re-injection capacity. In 2024, a specific project 
was defined to achieve zero technical flaring by 2027.
The field reserves will be progressively put into production by drilling 
additional productive wells over the next few years and by means of 
the collection facilities expansion and the completion of the water 
reinjection wells. 
In the year Eni’s commitment progressed with local development 
projects in the areas of education, health and access to water. In 
particular: (i) the construction of a new school at the Zubair and 
renovation activities and supplies to 140 schools in the Zubair and 
Safwan districts; (ii) construction of a nuclear medicine department 
at the Basra Health Directorate and relative handover to the Country’s 
authorities. In addition, the new pediatric oncology department 
at the Basra Cancer Children is fully up and running as well as 
was equipped with additional medical supplies; and (iii) the first 
development phase (“first step”) of the Al-Buradeiah drinking water 
supply plant in Bassora. The second development phase (“second 
step”) is ongoing and the completion is expected in 2025. In addition, 
other cohesion social initiatives progressed. 
Turkmenistan. Development activities mainly concerned: (i) drilling 
of infilling wells; and (ii) the water injection expansion system project 
to increase hydrocarbons recovery of the Burun field.
United Arab Emirates. Development activities of the year concerned: 
(i) the development plan of the Waset field was sanctioned. The field 
is located in the exploration Block 2 (Eni operator with a 70% interest), 
in the Abu Dhabi offshore; (ii) three development projects were 
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sanctioned in the Lower Zakum and Umm Shaif/Nasr concessions 
to support the target of production increase; and (iii) execution phase 
of the Hail & Ghasha development project, sanctioned in 2023, in the 
Ghasha concession.
Americas
Mexico. Exploration activities yielded positive results with the 
Saasil-1 and Yopaat-1 discoveries in the Area 10 (Eni’s interest 76%) 
and Area 9 (Eni’s interest 50%) operated licences, respectively.
In 2024, production start-up was achieved at the Tecoalli and Amoca 
WHP2 platforms with the completion of the development and 
installation activities, concluding the development program of the 
Area 1 operated license. Ongoing drilling activities of new production 
wells will be completed in 2025.
Within the cooperation agreement with the local Authorities relating 
to support local development, during the year, activities concerned: (i) 
restructuring of school buildings; (ii) initiatives to promote primary and 
youth education; (iii) activities to improve socio-economic conditions 
with agricultural and fishing programs; and (iv) awareness campaigns 
in the field of access to energy, environmental protection and social 
issues. In addition, in 2024 a health center was built and launched in 
Manatinero in the State of Tabasco. The health center is running and 
managed by the local authorities.
United States. In 2024, Eni closed the divestment of: (i) 100% of 
the Nikaitchuq and Oooguruk assets in Alaska to Hilcorp for a total 
consideration of $1 billion; and (ii) some offshore assets in the Gulf of 
Mexico amounting to approximately $80 million. These transactions 
are in line with Eni's strategy focused on the rationalization of the 
upstream activities by rebalancing its portfolio and divesting non-
strategic assets.
Development activities concerned (i) the completion of second 
development phase at the non-operated Lucius - Hadrian North 
project (Eni’s interest 14.45%), with production start-up; (ii) the 
completion of the fourth development phase at the non-operated 
St. Malo license (Eni’s interest 1.3%), achieving production start-up. 
In addition, started development activities of water injection project 
and subsea multiphase pumping system; and (iii) the drilling of an 
additional production well in the non-operated Europa field, with 
production start-up in early 2025.
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Global Gas & LNG Portfolio 
and Power
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KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 
2024
2023
2022
TRIR (Total Recordable Injury Rate)(a)
(total recordable injuries/worked hours) x 1,000,000
0.51
0.00
0.28
of which: employees
 
0.84
0.00
0.70
     contractors
 
0.00
0.00
0.00
Employees at year end                 
(number)
1,151
1,130
1,317
 of which outside Italy
 
386
390
588
Direct GHG emissions (Scope 1)(a)
(mmtonnes CO2eq.)
9.3
9.4
10.6
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio
 
 
 
 
Natural gas sales(b)
(bcm)
50.88
50.51
60.52
Italy
 
24.40
24.40
30.67
Rest of Europe
 
23.40
23.84
27.41
of which: Importers in Italy
 
1.26
2.29
2.43
     European markets
 
22.14
21.55
24.98
Rest of world
 
3.08
2.27
2.44
LNG sales(c)
 
9.8
9.6
9.4
Power
 
 
 
 
Power sales in the open market(b)
(TWh) 
26.55
27.30
30.86
Thermoelectric production
20.16
20.66
21.37
(a) KPIs refer to 100% of the operated assets, consolidated and unconsolidated, with reference to the operatorship criteria expressed in the standards for Sustainability Statement. The 
2023 and 2022 data are reported accordingly. 
(b) Data include intercompany sales.
(c) Refers to LNG sales of the GGP segment (included in worldwide gas sales).
€1.3 bln
proforma adjusted EBIT
50.88 bcm 
natural gas sales
(+1% vs. 2023)
9.8 bcm 
LNG sales (+2% vs. 2023)
Launched the floating 
LNG production unit  
Nguya FLNG
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PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR
• Total recordable injury rate (TRIR) of the workforce (0.51) reported 
an increase from 2023, following an event occurred among the 
employees.
• Direct GHG emissions (Scope 1) of 9.3 million tons CO2eq. in line 
with the comparative period.
• Natural gas sales of 50.88 bcm were substantially in line with 
2023 (+0.37 bcm): unchanged in Italy, while increasing by 2.7% in 
the European markets.
• LNG sales of 9.8 bcm increased by 2.1% compared to 2023, 
mainly in the extra-European markets.
• Power sales in the open market of 26.55 TWh decreased by 2.7% 
due to lower volumes marketed at the open market.
DIVERSIFICATION  
OF NATURAL GAS SUPPLY
During 2024, in order to ensure greater flexibility and further 
diversify its LNG supplies, Eni has entered into a number of 
significant agreements. In particular, Eni signed:
• a charter agreement with Avenir LNG Limited for the LNG bunker 
vessel Avenir Aspiration in order to expand Eni’s activities in the 
LNG bunkering market in the Mediterranean Sea. The deal is in line 
with Eni’s strategy to market its growing LNG portfolio and promote 
more environmentally sustainable fuels;
• a Memorandum of Cooperation with Japan Organization for 
Metals and Energy Security with the aim of promoting the role 
of gas and LNG in the energy transition pathway, including LNG 
supply opportunities by Eni to Japan and the support of Japanese 
financial institutions to the Coral North project in Mozambique;
• a sale contract in Thailand in order to further develop LNG sales in 
Asia.
These new LNG contracts contribute to the creation of an LNG 
portfolio that, leveraging Eni’s integrated approach in the countries 
where it operates and in line with its energy transition strategy, 
aims to progressively increase the share of gas in total upstream 
production to 60% by 2030.
Finally, in line with progresses in employing gas resource, Eni, in 
November, completed the launch of the floating unit Nguya FLNG 
production vessel. The naval unit FLNG will have a liquefaction 
capacity of 2.4 million tons/y and will complement the existing 
FLNG Tango, which is in operation from December 2023 with 
a capacity of 0.6 million tons/y, bringing the total liquefaction 
capacity of the Congo LNG project to 3 million tons/y by the end 
of 2025.
GLOBAL GAS & LNG PORTFOLIO
Supply of natural gas
Eni’s consolidated subsidiaries supplied 51.05 bcm of natural gas, 
increased by 1 bcm or by 2% from the full year 2023.
Gas volumes supplied outside Italy from consolidated subsidiaries 
(43.39 bcm), imported in Italy or sold outside Italy, represented 
approximately 85% of total supplies, decreased by 0.95 bcm or by 2.1% 
from the full year 2023. This mainly reflected lower volumes purchased 
in Algeria (-1.36 bcm), in Libya (-1.11 bcm) and in the United Kingdom 
(-0.19 bcm), partially offset by higher purchases in Norway (+0.39 bcm), 
Indonesia (+0.30 bcm) and the Netherlands (+0.24 bcm). Supplies in 
Italy (7.66 bcm) reported an increase of 34.2% from the full year 2023.
In 2024, main gas volumes from equity production derived from: (i) 
certain Eni fields located in the British and Norwegian sections of the 
North Sea (1.7 bcm); (ii) Italian gas fields (1.7 bcm); (iii) Indonesia 
(1.4 bcm); (iv) Libyan fields (0.4 bcm); fields located in Congo (0.3 
bcm). Supplied gas volumes from equity production were about 5.5 
bcm representing around 11% of total volumes available for sale.
Sales
European gas market was characterized by a substantially stable 
demand (up by 0.5% and 0.6% in Italy and in the European Union, 
respectively, compared to 2023). This trend was supported by the 
recovery in gas consumption in the industrial and civil segments, 
offsetting the decrease in demand in the electricity sector, due to the 
higher availability of hydroelectric energy and solar.
Natural gas sales of 50.88 bcm (including own consumption and 
Eni’s share of sales from equity accounted entities) reported an 
increase of 0.37 bcm compared to 2023, or 0.7% mainly due to 
higher sales in the rest of World.
Sales in Italy of 24.40 bcm were in line compared to 2023, as a 
result of higher volumes marketed in the wholesale and industrial 
segments, offset by the reduction reported in gas sales to hub. Sales 
to importers in Italy (1.26 bcm) decreased by 1.03 bcm compared to 
2023, due to lower availability of Libyan gas.
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Sales in the European markets of 23.40 bcm decreased by 0.44 bcm 
compared to 2023. The decline in sales to importers in Italy was offset 
by volume increases in the markets of Germany, Iberian Peninsula, and 
France, partly balanced by lower sales in Turkey.
Sales in the extra-European markets of 3.08 bcm reported an 
increase of 35.7% compared to 2023 (+0.81 bcm) as a result of 
higher volumes marketed in the Asian markets.
SUPPLY OF NATURAL GAS
(bcm)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Italy
 
7.66
5.71
3.40
1.95
34.2
Algeria (including LNG)
 
10.70
12.06
11.86
(1.36)
(11.3)
Norway
 
6.88
6.49
6.75
0.39
6.0
Russia
 
6.19
6.16
17.20
0.03
0.5
Qatar (LNG)
 
2.91
2.91
2.56
 
 
Indonesia (LNG)
 
1.86
1.56
1.36
0.30
19.2
the Netherlands
 
1.86
1.62
1.39
0.24
14.8
Libya
 
1.41
2.52
2.62
(1.11)
(44.0)
the United Kingdom
 
1.23
1.42
1.91
(0.19)
(13.4)
Congo (GNL)
 
0.45
 
 
0.45
 
Other supplies of natural gas
 
6.80
5.89
8.11
0.91
15.4
Other supplies of LNG
 
3.10
3.71
3.43
(0.61)
(16.4)
OUTSIDE ITALY
 
43.39
44.34
57.19
(0.95)
(2.1)
TOTAL SUPPLIES OF ENI'S CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
51.05
50.05
60.59
1.00
2.0
Offtake from (input to) storage
 
(0.09)
0.54
0.00
(0.63)
..
Network losses, measurement differences and other changes
(0.08)
(0.08)
(0.07)
 
AVAILABLE FOR SALE BY ENI'S CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
50.88
50.51
60.52
0.37
0.7
TOTAL AVAILABLE FOR SALE
 
50.88
50.51
60.52
0.37
0.7
GAS SALES BY ENTITY
(bcm)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Total sales of subsidiaries
 
50.88
50.51
60.52
0.37
0.7
Italy (including own consumption)
 
24.40
24.40
30.67
 
 
Rest of Europe
 
23.40
23.84
27.41
(0.44)
(1.8)
Outside Europe
 
3.08
2.27
2.44
0.81
35.7
NATURAL GAS SALES
50.88 
50.51
60.52
0.37
0.7
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LNG
LNG sales (9.8 bcm, included in the worldwide gas sales) increased 
by 2.1% from 2023. In 2024 the main sources of LNG supply were 
Qatar, Nigeria and Indonesia. LNG volumes were mainly sold in the 
European and Asian markets.
International transport activity
Eni has transport rights on a large European and North African 
network for transporting natural gas in Italy and Europe, which link 
key consumption basins with the main producing areas (Russia, 
Algeria, the North Sea, including the Netherlands, Norway, and 
Libya).
The main pipelines are: (i) the TTPC pipeline, 740-kilometer long 
which transports natural gas from Algeria; (ii) the TMPC pipeline for 
the import of Algerian gas is 775-kilometer long; (iii) the GreenStream 
pipeline for the import of Libyan gas (516-kilometer long); and (iv) 
the Blue Stream underwater pipeline linking the Russian coast to the 
Turkish coast of the Black Sea (774-kilometer long).
LNG SALES
(bcm)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Europe
6.7
7.3
7.0
(0.6)
(8.2)
Outside Europe
3.1
2.3
2.4
0.8
34.8
TOTAL LNG SALES
9.8
9.6
9.4
0.2
2.1
GAS SALES BY MARKET
(bcm)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
ITALY
24.40
24.40
30.67
 
 
Wholesalers
11.01
10.71
12.22
0.30
2.8
Italian gas exchange and spot markets
5.94
6.28
9.31
(0.34)
(5.4)
Industries
1.56
1.50
2.89
0.06
4.0
Power generation
0.51
0.52
0.83
(0.01)
(1.9)
Own consumption
5.38
5.39
5.42
(0.01)
(0.2)
INTERNATIONAL SALES
26.48
26.11
29.85
0.37
1.4
Rest of Europe
23.40
23.84
27.41
(0.44)
(1.8)
Importers in Italy
1.26
2.29
2.43
(1.03)
(45.0)
European markets:
22.14
21.55
24.98
0.59
2.7
Iberian Peninsula
3.18
2.75
3.93
0.43
15.6
Germany/Austria
4.35
3.35
3.58
1.00
29.9
Benelux
3.63
3.75
4.24
(0.12)
(3.2)
the United Kingdom
1.23
1.42
1.92
(0.19)
(13.4)
Turkey
6.10
6.90
7.62
(0.80)
(11.6)
France
3.58
3.31
3.62
0.27
8.2
Other
0.07
0.07
0.07
 
 
Extra European markets
3.08
2.27
2.44
0.81
35.7
NATURAL GAS SALES
50.88
50.51
60.52
0.37
0.7
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2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Purchases of natural gas
(mmcm)
4,078
4,144
4,218
(66)
(1.6)
Purchases of other fuels
(ktoe)
139
156
175
(17)
(10.9)
Power generation
(TWh)
20.16
20.66
21.37
(0.50)
(2.4)
Steam
(ktonnes)
6,761
6,981
6,900
(220)
(3.2)
AVAILABILITY OF ELECTRICITY 
(TWh)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Power generation
 
20.16
20.66
21.37
(0.50)
(2.4)
Trading of electricity(a)           
 
6.39
6.64
9.49
(0.25)
(3.8)
Availability
26.55
27.30
30.86
(0.75)
(2.7)
Power sales in the open market(b)
26.55
27.30
30.86
(0.75)
(2.7)
of which: Importers in Italy
18.86
17.89
20.37
0.97
5.4
(a) Includes positive and negative imbalances (difference between the electricity effectively fed-in and as scheduled).
(b) Data include intercompany sales.
POWER
Availability of electricity
Eni’s power generation sites are located in Brindisi, Ferrera Erbognone, 
Ravenna, Mantova, Ferrara and Bolgiano. As of December 31, 2024, 
installed operational capacity of Enipower’s power plants was 
approximately 5 GW. 
In 2024, thermoelectric power generation was 20.16 TWh, 
decreasing by 0.50 TWh from the previous year. To complement 
production, Eni purchased 6.39 TWh of electricity (down by 0.25 
TWh compared to 2023).
Power sales in the open market
In 2024, power sales in the open market were 26.55 TWh, 
representing a decrease of 2.7% compared to 2023, due to lower 
volumes marketed at free market partly offset by higher sales to 
Power Exchange and to the third parties (up by 1 TWh).
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CCS and Agri
Distinctive model 
based on technical 
expertise, operational 
capabilities, and 
high-quality assets
HyNet North 
West 
selected by the British 
Government as a 
priority 
project
Agri-feedstock 
production
a three-fold increase  
vs. 2023
Start-up of the 
Ravenna  
CCS project 
Phase 1, first in Italy 
for CO2 capture, transport 
and storage
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Eni recognizes and supports the transition to a lower carbon model 
and, on this basis, has developed a decarbonization strategy of the 
Group’s products and industrial processes to target net zero Scope 
1+2+3 emissions by 2050. Eni’s decarbonization path leverages on 
the skills and knowledge, matured within our traditional businesses 
and is implemented through the development of innovative and 
distinctive models related to CCUS projects, agri-business and 
carbon offset initiatives.
CCS PROJECTS
Within the CO2 capture and storage solutions, Eni has developed a 
distinctive model based on the expertise matured in the traditional 
businesses, on the knowledge of the exhausted gas reservoir which 
in synergy with the existing infrastructures will be reused for the CO2 
storage and on the expertise gained in the past storage activities.
Thanks to its wide portfolio in different Countries, Eni targets to 
achieve a gross storage capacity of over 15 mmtonnes/y before 
2030 and more than 40 mmtonnes/y after 2030. 
In Italy, in August 2024, just 18 months after the Final Investment 
Decision (FID), was launched the Phase 1 of the Ravenna CCS 
project, developed jointly with Snam through a 50-50 joint venture. 
The project, the first in Italy, consists of several phases, starting 
with the capture of approximately 20 ktonnes/year of CO2 from 
Eni’s natural gas processing plant in Casalborsetti, near Ravenna, to 
transport and storage in the Porto Corsini Mare Ovest depleted gas 
field, operated by Eni in the offshore Adriatic.
On an industrial scale, it represents one of the world’s most 
successful capture systems with an efficiency of more than 90% at a 
CO2 concentration of 2.4% and with atmospheric pressure. Another 
distinctive feature of the project is the powering of the capture plant 
through the recovery of the self-produced heat energy and electricity 
from renewable sources, with the result that the volume of CO2 
captured actually corresponds to the amount abated.
The project includes a larger scale Phase 2 with a CO2 capture and 
storage capacity of 4 mmtonnes/y by 2030, with a projection of 
growth in the following years up to 16 mmtonnes/y based on market 
demand and thanks to the total storage capacity of the depleted 
gas fields in the Adriatic sea, currently estimated at more than 500 
mmtonnes.
The Ravenna CCS project has been included in the European list of 
Projects of Common Interest (PCI Projects) as a CO2 transport and 
storage infrastructure, within the integrated Callisto project (Carbon 
Liquefaction Transportation and Storage) Mediterranean CO2 Network 
which, in addition to the Italian emitters, also involves the emitters of 
the industrial area of Fos sur Mer near Marseille, in France.
In the UK, Eni has established a leadership position with the 
HyNet North West project under development, selected by the 
UK government as one of two priority CCS projects (“Track 1”) for 
the Country. The project aims to decarbonize industrial areas in 
the North West of England and North Wales through the capture, 
transport, and storage of CO2 emitted by existing local hard-to-
abate industrial activities and by the future hydrogen production. 
Eni is the 100% operator for CO2 transport and storage activities 
and will convert and reuse its depleted offshore gas fields and part 
of the existing infrastructure in Liverpool Bay. The activity of CO2 
injection is expected to start in the second half of the decade with a 
stored volume in the reservoir of 4.5 mmtonnes/y in the first phase, 
increasing to 10 mmtonnes/y after 2030. In the last quarter Eni 
finalized with the UK Authorities the agreements on the terms and 
conditions of the business model for transport and storage activities 
that will be included in the economic license expected in 2025.
Relating to the emitters that will feed CO2 into reservoir storage, the 
UK authorities have already selected four priority capture projects, 
with an overall volume of about 3 mmtonnes/y of CO2. In order to 
ensure the 4.5 mmtonnes/y volume expected for the first phase, has 
been started the “Track 1 Expansion” process for selecting additional 
emitters.
In October 2024, the UK Government announced the allocation of 
funds of about £22 billion in 25 years for the two priority projects 
of Hynet NW and East Coast Cluster, included in Track 1, in order to 
support the development of the activities of the entire CCS supply 
chain.
 
In the United Kingdom, Eni is also implementing the engineering 
phase for the development of the Bacton Thames Net Zero CCS 
project, which includes the storage of CO2 in the Hewett offshore 
depleted gas field, to help decarbonize the south-eastern part of the 
Country and the London industrial area. Eni is the 100% operator for 
CO2 transport and storage activities and has signed a collaboration 
agreement with 12 industrial partners from the area’s hard-to-abate 
sectors who have expressed interest in participating in the project. 
The reservoir’s strategic location in the south-western part of 
the North Sea allows to assume that the project will also play an 
important role in the decarbonization process of industrial sites in 
the Northern Europe. Start-up is planned by 2030 with a storage 
capacity of about 5 mmtonnes/y of CO2, with a possible expansion 
up to 10 mmtonnes/y.
In the Netherlands, following the acquisition of Neptune’s assets, Eni 
is developing the CCS L10 project, which involves the storage of CO2 
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in the operated depleted gas fields offshore in the North Sea. Eni is a 
39% operator of the joint venture that will develop the project.
In 2024, negotiations have been started to define the general terms 
and conditions with some emitters and consortia operating the 
“Aramis” CO2 transport projects and the onshore CO2 collection 
hub in the Rotterdam area ( CO2 Next). The issuance of the storage 
license by the Dutch authorities is expected in the first half of 2025, 
and the CO2 storage is expected to start up by 2030 with a capacity 
of about 5 million tons/year.
In addition, the CCS portfolio includes projects to manage CO2 
associated with upstream production under development in North 
Africa and initiatives under evaluation in the North Sea and in the 
Asia-Oceania area.
AGRI-FEEDSTOCK INITIATIVES 
Eni’s development model for the agri-feedstock initiatives is targeted 
to provide vegetable oil to feed Eni’s supply chains, starting from the 
feedstock produced by the cultivation of degraded land, rotational 
crops and the valorization of waste and residues from the agro-
industrial and forestry supply chains. This distinctive model of vertical 
integration, with end-to-end approach aims at ensuring volumes of 
vegetable oil at competitive cost, supporting the expansion of Eni’s 
biorefining activities, while enabling significant positive impacts on 
local development and employment.
According to the model, agri-feedstock production is entirely 
delegated to local farmers through the cultivation of their own 
land or the collection of agro-Industrial and forestry residues. 
For the production of vegetable oil, seeds and residues are then 
processed in extraction plants, so-called agri-hubs, owned by Eni 
or by third parties, according on the industrial maturity of the 
producing Country.
The vegetable oil’s by-products are recovered and transformed into 
feed and fertilizers with positive impacts on the food security in 
these Countries. 
Eni’s agri-feedstock supply chains are certified according to the 
ISCC-EU (International Sustainability and Carbon Certification) 
sustainability scheme, one of the main voluntary standards 
recognized by the European Commission for the certification of 
biofuels (EU RED II).
In 2024, production of vegetable oil amounted to 130 ktonnes, 
volumes are tripled compared to the previous year. Eni’s agri-feedstock 
activities in 2024 mainly includes the following Countries: (i) in Kenya, 
where two agri-hubs are operational with a production capacity of 
70 ktonnes/y of oil, agri-feedstock activities were developed over an 
area of more than 80 thousand hectares. The total 2024 production, 
including the share of waste and residues, amounted to 48 ktonnes; 
(ii) in Congo, an agri-hub with a 30 ktonnes/y capacity was completed 
in the last quarter and started the agricultural supply chain which 
will lead to the first vegetable oil production in 2025; (iii) in Côte 
d’Ivoire, the production of vegetable oil on an industrial scale from the 
valorization of forest residues of rubber seed was started for a total 
volume of 4.5 ktonnes including the share of waste and residues from 
agro-industrial processing; (iv) in Mozambique, the agricultural supply 
chain was started with the finalization of more than twenty contracts 
with local aggregators; production for the year was about 600 tons; 
(v) in Italy the collaboration with Bonifiche Ferraresi progressed; the 
total production of the year amounted to 27 ktonnes, including the 
valorization of residues and waste; (vi) in Vietnam the valorization of 
agro-industry allowed the production of 30 ktonnes of vegetable oil; 
(vii) in Angola, the agricultural sector was launched with the finalization 
of more than 8 agreements with local aggregators; (viii) in Kazakhstan 
the production of vegetable oil from agricultural chain amounted 6 
ktonnes; (ix) in Indonesia started the production from agro-industrial 
waste for a volume of 9 ktonnes. Furthermore, were valorized another 
5 ktonnes of waste from the agro-industrial chain from Asia.
In Rwanda, the production of quality seed addressed to farmers in 
other African Countries progressed.
In 2024, a series of assessments were also launched in Brazil, 
Europe and other Countries in Africa and Asia to identify further 
opportunities for the development of the agri-feedstock business.
In May 2024, in Kigali, Rwanda, Eni and IFC (International Finance 
Corporation) signed a collaboration agreement for a total financing 
of $210 million to support agri-feedstock initiatives in Kenya. The 
agreement provides that IFC will fund up to $135 million and the 
remaining $75 million will be covered by Cassa Depositi e Prestiti 
SpA. The funds are also addressed to support the local agricultural 
supply chain through the provision of support services to farmers, 
also promoting access to subsidized credit for local stakeholders.
CARBON OFFSET INITIATIVES
As part of Natural Climate Solutions (NCS), since 2019 Eni has 
launched initiatives focused on the protection, conservation and 
sustainable management of forests, mainly in developing Countries, 
which are considered among the most relevant internationally as part 
of climate change mitigation strategies. These initiatives are framed 
within the so-called REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation 
and forest Degradation) scheme, defined and promoted by the 
United Nations, which involves forest conservation activities with 
the goals of reducing emissions and improving the natural storage 
capacity of CO2. At the same time, the projects promote an alternative 
development model for local communities through the promotion 
of socio-economic activities in line with sustainable management, 
forest enhancement and biodiversity conservation.
The main forest protection and conservation initiatives supported by 
Eni are: Luangwa Community Forest Project (LCFP), Lower Zambezi 
REDD+ Project (LZRP) and Kafue in Zambia, Ntakata Mountains and 
Makame in Tanzania, Mai Ndombe in Democratic Republic of Congo, 
Great Limpopo REDD+ Project (GLRP) in Mozambique, and Amigos 
de Calakmul in Mexico.
In November 2024, Eni signed an agreement with the Côte d’Ivoire’s 
Ministry of Water and Forests to launch a project to conserve 
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and restore forest area in the Country. The agreement, defined in 
partnership with the Ivorian authorities, is in line with the Country’s 
National Development Plans and with the strategy to reduce 
deforestation and related emissions, as well as the deal will help to 
achieve zero emissions in the development of the Baleine project.
In 2024, in Kenya, Eni launched a project on sustainable agriculture 
and land management (Sustainable Agriculture Land Management 
- SALM), which involves the promotion of agricultural practices that 
can increase crop yields and at the same time increase organic 
carbon content in soils.
During the year, progressed the evaluation of further NCS initiatives 
both in the context of restoration and sustainable management of 
ecosystems and in the context of SALM in Africa, Latin America and 
Asia.
The application of technological solutions integrates the nature-
based solutions for generating carbon credits. In this regard, since 
2018, the Company has launched the “Eni for Clean Cooking” 
program to develop projects in order to promote the introduction 
of improved cooking systems that ensure the reduction of woody 
biomass consumption by households, with the aim of improving 
health conditions and promoting forest conservation. In addition 
to the positive impact on health and the environment, the industrial 
approach to the issue of access to “clean cooking” allows the 
development of entrepreneurship and the local economy.
The program has been launched in Côte d’Ivoire, Congo, Mozambique, 
Angola, Rwanda, and Tanzania, and expansion to other Countries 
in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia is under evaluation. In 2024, about 
1.2 million people have been reached in Sub-Saharan Africa for a 
total of 1.5 million people since the program’s start-up. In addition, 
Eni joined the “Clean Cooking Declaration: Making 2024 the pivotal 
year for Clean Cooking” to accelerate universal access to more 
advanced cooking systems, which are essential to ensure access to 
affordable, reliable and sustainable energy systems for all, as set out 
in the UN Sustainable Development Goal number 7. The declaration 
was signed by Governments, the private sector, international and 
civil society organizations attending the Paris Summit. In line with 
the IEA scenarios, feasibility studies were launched during the year 
for the use of “advanced” clean cooking systems that prefigure the 
deployment of induction stoves in urban areas and pyrolysis stoves 
in rural areas that promote, from a circular economy perspective, 
the use of agricultural waste, including by-products from Eni’s agri-
feedstock supply chain.
In 2024, approximately 5.3 mmtonnes of CO2 were included in the 
Eni’s credit portfolio.
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Enilive and Plenitude
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4.1 GW
Installed capacity
from renewables
+37% vs. 2023
3 new FIDs 
to develop 
biorefineries in 
Malaysia, South Korea 
and Italy
Started the first 
SAF production 
plant at
Gela 
biorefinery
Valorization 
of transition 
related satellites
Plenitude €0.8 bln from EIP
Enilive €3.0 bln from KKR
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 
2024
2023
2022
Total recordable incident rate (TRIR)(a)
(total recordable injuries/worked hours) x 1,000,000)
0.63
1.34
1.01
of which: employees
 
0.73
1.36
0.53
contractors
 
0.47
1.30
1.73
Employees at year end
 
5,899
5,759
5,303
of which: outside Italy
 
2,072
2,103
1,961
Direct GHG emissions (Scope 1)(a)
(mmtonnes CO2eq.)
0.5
0.5
0.5
Enilive
 
 
 
 
Bio throughputs
(ktonnes)
1,115
866
543
Biorefining capacity
(mmtonnes/year)
1.65
1.65
1.10
Average biorefineries utilization rate
(%)
74
71
58
Retail sales of petroleum products in Europe
(mmtonnes)
7.70
7.52
7.50
Service stations in Europe at year end
(number)
5,254
5,267
5,243
Average throughput per service station in Europe
(kliters)
1,638
1,645
1,587
Retail efficiency index
(%)
1.22
1.19
1.20
Plenitude
 
 
 
 
Gas sales to end customers
(bcm)
5.51
6.06
6.84
Power sales to end customers
(TWh)
18.28
17.98
18.77
Retail and business customers at period end
(million of pod)
10.03
10.11
10.07
EV charging points
(thousand)
21.3
19.0
13.1
Energy production from renewable sources
(TWh)
4.7
4.0
2.6
Installed capacity from renewables at period end
(GW)
4.1
3.0
2.2
(a) KPIs refer to 100% of the operated assets, consolidated and unconsolidated, with reference to the operatorship criteria expressed in the standards for Sustainability Statement. 
The 2023 and 2022 data are reported accordingly. 
10 mln of 
customers 
(42% Power)
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PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR
•	Total recordable injury rate (TRIR) of the workforce amounted to 
0.63, a better performance compared to 2023, mainly due to the 
decrease of accidents among employees and contractors.
•	Direct GHG emissions (Scope 1) substantially in line compared 
to 2023. Lower emissions were reported at Gela biorefinery for 
maintenance shutdown.
•	Bio throughputs from biofeedstock amounted to 1.12 mmtonnes, 
up by 28.8% from 2023, mainly thanks to the contribution of 
the acquired St. Bernard biorefinery at Chalmette in Louisiana 
(USA).
•	Retail sales in Italy were 5.40 mmtonnes, up by 1.5% from 2023: 
higher volumes sold of gasoline and HVO were offset by lower 
gasoil sales. Market share was 21.2% (21.4% in 2023).
•	Energy production from renewable sources amounted to 4.7 
TWh, increasing compared to 2023, due to the contribution of the 
acquired assets in operation as well as the organic development 
of projects.
•	As of December 31, 2024, the installed capacity from renewables 
was 4.1 GW: 71% attributable to photovoltaic plants (including 
installed storage capacity) and 29% attributable to wind farms.
•	Gas sales to end customers amounted to 5.51 bcm, down by 9.1% 
compared to 2023, as a result of lower sales in Italy in the retail 
segment and abroad mainly in France.
•	Power sales to end customers amounted to 18.28 TWh, recording 
an increase of 1.7% compared to 2023 due to higher retail 
customer base portfolio.
•	The EV charging points installed at the end of 2024 amounted to 
over 21,300 units, an increase of 12% compared to 19,000 units 
installed at the end of 2023, in line with the enhancing plan of our 
network.
BUSINESS ENHANCEMENT 
AND DEVELOPMENT
The KKR strategic investments in Enilive, with the acquisition of 
a 25% stake for a total consideration of approximately €3 billion, 
finalized in March 2025 following the obtaining of the necessary 
legal approvals, confirm the attractiveness of Eni’s satellite model 
with the establishment of transition-focused entities, able to attract 
specialized capital to finance their independent growth, while at the 
same time developing value for Eni.
In February 2025, in line with the agreement of the first transaction, 
KKR increased its share in Enilive by 5% to a total of 30%, further 
strengthening the investment opportunity for our transition-related 
satellites.
In November 2024, signed an agreement with Energy Infrastructure 
Partners (EIP) for further increase of its share in Plenitude share 
capital, through a reserved capital increase of approximately 
€209 million. EIP’s post-transaction stake will be equal to 10% 
of Plenitude’s share capital, for a total investment of about €800 
million, taking into account €588 million paid in March 2024.
BIOREFINING AND RETAIL NETWORK 
DEVELOPMENTS
As part of the biofuels business expansion in Asian markets, 
Enilive, Petronas, and Euglena Co. Ltd reached the final 
investment decision (FID) to build and operate a biorefinery 
within the Pengerang industrial site in Malaysia. The plant, based 
on Ecofining™ technology, is expected to be operational by the 
second half of 2028 and will produce Sustainable Aviation Fuel 
(SAF), HVO and bio-naphtha, addressed to the aviation and road 
transport sectors. The expected processing capacity will be 
approximately 650,000 tons/y. In December, after the clearance 
from the relevant antitrust authorities, Enilive established the 
company “Pengerang Biorefinery Sdn. Bhd”.
Enilive and LG Chem reached the final investment decision for 
the development of a biorefinery in South Korea, with a feedstock 
processing capacity of 400,000 tons per year, leveraging 
Ecofining™ technology. In December 2024, after the clearance 
from the relevant antitrust authorities, Enilive established the 
company “LG-Eni BioRefining Co. Ltd.
In 
September 
2024, 
Enilive 
granted 
the 
environmental 
authorization from the relevant authorities to start the construction 
of a biorefinery in Livorno, with an expected capacity of 500,000 
tons/y of HVO diesel, VVO Naphtha and bio-LPG, through the 
reconfiguration of the existing hub. The start-up is expected by 
2026.
In January 2025, Enilive started operations at the first dedicated 
plant to the production of SAF at the Gela biorefinery. The 
plant has a capacity of 400,000 tons/y, which is nearly a third 
of the expected SAF demand in Europe for 2025, following the 
implementation of ReFuelEU Aviation.
In line with the network development strategy, Enilive Iberia 
finalized the 100% acquisition of Atenoil, a company operating 
in the service station sector. The transaction, which has been 
approved by the relevant authorities, comprises 21 sales stations 
in the regions of Madrid, Andalusia and Castile-La Mancha.
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY INITIATIVES
In order to develop and spread the use of HVOlution diesel, the 
first diesel from Enilive produced with 100% renewable feedstock, 
in 2024, important agreements have been reached with several 
partners. In particular, Eni signed: 
•	a Memorandum of Understanding with MSC (Mediterranean 
Shipping Company) to develop joint initiatives in the field of 
sustainability and energy transition. In particular, the agreement 
includes the potential use of LNG and energy carriers with lower 
carbon emissions (HVO) for use on MSC fleets dedicated to 
both logistic and cruise transport;
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•	agreements with Itabus, for the supply of HVO diesel fuel to 100 
buses for civil transport, and with Poste Italiane, for the supply of 
biofuels to vehicles and aircraft;
•	a Letter of Intent with Volotea operating in 15 Italian airports, for a 
long-term supply contract of SAF in the 2025-2030 period;
•	two agreements with EasyJet for the supply of SAF in Italy. Some 
flights departing from Milan Malpensa Airport will be refueled with 
SAF.
PORTFOLIO DEVELOPMENTS AND 
SIGNIFICANT AGREEMENTS IN THE 
RENEWABLES
As part of the development of the wind and photovoltaic sectors, 
a key component of the growth strategy, several production plants 
were built and launched in 2024, and important agreements were 
signed to strengthen Plenitude’s presence both domestically and 
abroad. In particular, in the wind business: 
•	started operations at a new 39 MW onshore wind farm in Calabria. 
The plant, which includes nine wind turbines of the latest generation, 
will produce 84 GWh/y of electricity, equivalent to the annual needs 
of more than 30,000 households;
•	Green Volt has been selected as the only floating offshore wind project 
to secure a contract in the UK’s latest renewables allocation round 
(“AR6”). The project, participated by Plenitude through Vårgrønn, will 
become the world’s largest floating offshore wind farm;
•	started the operation of a wind farm in Soria, Spain, with installed 
capacity of about 13 MW and an estimated electricity production of 
31 GWh/y.
In the photovoltaic business, the main developments included:
•	Villanueva II solar plant with an installed capacity of 50 MW. The 
park has been developed over an area of almost 100 hectares and 
is connected to the national transmission grid. The plant counts 
more than 76,000 photovoltaic modules and produces 100 GWh/y 
of electricity, equivalent to the energy needs of more than 30,000 
households; 
•	the start-up of the operation at the Ravenna Ponticelle photovoltaic 
plant with an installed capacity of 6 MW. Moreover, the construction 
of Montalto di Castro agrivoltaic plant has been completed (24 MW 
Eni’s share);
•	the start-up of the construction in Spain of the Renopool 
photovoltaic park, with a planned generation capacity of 330 
MW, the largest photovoltaic unit ever built by the Company. The 
photovoltaic installation will generate 660 GWh/y and will include 
seven photovoltaic plants and an electrical substation; 
•	signing of a 10-year Corporate Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) 
with Ferriera Valsabbia for the supply of energy produced 100% 
from a renewable source. The agreement covers the entire output 
of a 15 MW wind farm owned by Plenitude;
•	the beginning of the construction of a 220 MW solar plant in 
Villarino de los Aires in Spain. The plant will be completed by 2025;
•	the start-up of the operation of a new photovoltaic plant with 
an installed capacity of 5 MW in the municipality of Bouillac, 
Dordogne, in France. The solar plant is connected to the local 
distribution network via a 1.7 km underground medium-voltage line 
and It is estimated to produce 6,700 MWh of electricity per year. 
The electricity generated will be marketed by Plenitude in line with 
its integrated business model;
•	the finalization of the installation of the 150 MW Caparacena plant 
in Granada, composed of three photovoltaic parks of about 50 MW 
each. The electrical connection to the national transmission grid is 
ensured by a 400 kV substation, the construction of which has just 
been completed, as well as another substation and a 200 kV line 
shared with other operators. Additionally, Plenitude completed the 
construction of other plants located in the Renopool solar parks 
in Extremadura and in Guillena, Andalusia, for a total installed 
capacity of about 250 MW;
•	the construction of the Guajillo plant (200 MW), the largest battery 
storage system ever built by the Company;
•	the agreement with EDP Renewables North America LLC (“EDPR 
NA”) for the acquisition of 49% of two operational photovoltaic 
plants and an electricity storage plant under construction in 
California (United States). The Sandrini 100 (141 MW) and Sandrini 
200 (266 MW) solar parks share the same grid connection 
infrastructure with the Sandrini BESS (368 MW) storage plant. The 
three parks have a total installed capacity of approximately 499 
MW, of which 245 MW is attributable to Plenitude.
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND 
E-MOBILITY 
In June 2024, Plenitude signed a strategic partnership with MERKUR 
for the installation, construction and management of innovative 
electric vehicle charging stations, including 62 technologically 
advanced fast and ultra-fast charging points, at MERKUR shopping 
centres across Slovenia. The first charging stations will be operational 
at 24 MERKUR centres by the end of 2024, while the entire project will 
be completed by early 2026.
ENILIVE
BIOREFINERY
The volumes of biofuels processed from vegetable oil were 1,115 
mmtonnes up by 28.8% from the previous year (up by 249 ktonnes), 
benefitting from higher volumes processed thanks to the full entry into 
operation of Chalmette biorefinery. 
The incidence rate of palm oil supplied for the production of biodiesel is 
zero, leveraging on the start-up of a new Biomass Treatment Unit (BTU) 
at the Gela biorefinery, which allows the use up to 100% of biomass not 
in competition with the food chain for the production of biofuels. 
In 2024 production of biofuels (HVO) amounted to approximately 982 
ktonnes (up by 55% vs. 2023) leveraging on the Chalmette refinery 
contribution.
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(mmtonnes)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Retail
5.40
5.32
5.38
0.08
1.5
Wholesale
9.53
9.39
7.85
0.14
1.5
Petrochemicals
0.37
0.44
0.39
(0.07)
(15.9)
Other sales
2.27
2.71
2.53
(0.44)
(16.2)
Sales in Italy
17.57
17.86
16.15
(0.29)
(1.6)
Retail
2.30
2.20
2.12
0.10
4.5
Wholesale
2.86
2.73
3.11
0.13
4.8
Sales outside Italy
5.16
4.93
5.23
0.23
4.7
TOTAL SALES OF REFINED PRODUCTS
22.73
22.79
21.38
(0.06)
(0.3)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Bio throughputs
(ktonnes)
1,115
866
543
249
28.8
Sold production of certified biofuels
982
635
428
347
54.6
Average biorefineries utilization rate
(%)
74
71
58
3
 
Retail sales in Italy
In 2024, retail sales in Italy were 5.40 mmtonnes, with an increase 
(up by 1.5%) compared to 2023 (79 mmtonnes), benefitting from 
higher volumes of HVO and offset by higher gasoline sales. 
Average throughput per service station (1,457 kliters) decreased 
by 22 kliters from 2023 (1,479 kliters). Eni’s retail market share 
was 21.2% on average in 2024, slightly down from 2023 (21.4%).
As of December 31, 2024, Eni’s retail network in Italy consisted 
of 3,925 service stations, lower by 51 units from December 31, 
2023 (3,976 service stations), resulting from the negative balance 
of acquisitions/releases of lease concessions (-56 units), the 
positive balance of the company owned stations (+7 units) partly 
offset by lower motorway concessions (-2 units). 
Retail sales in the rest of Europe
Retail sales in the Rest of Europe were 2.30 mmtonnes, an 
increase from 2023 (up by 4,5%) as result of higher volumes 
sold mainly in: i) Spain, thanks to the acquisition of 21 retail 
stations in the regions of Madrid, Andalusia, and Castile-La 
Mancha; ii) Germany and France, which have offset the decline 
recorded in Austria and Switzerland.
At December 31, 2024, Eni’s retail network in the Rest of Europe 
consisted of 1.329 units, increasing by 38 units from December 
31, 2023, mainly thanks to the openings in Spain, Germany and 
France, balanced by the reduction in Austria and Switzerland. 
Average throughput (2,179 kliters) increased by 14 kliters 
compared to 2023 (2,166 kliters).
Wholesale and other sales
Wholesale sales in Italy amounted to 9.53 mmtonnes, increasing by 
1.5% from 2023, due to higher sales of jet fuel for the recovery of the 
aviation sector which offset lower volumes marketed in all the other 
segments. Supplies of feedstock to the petrochemical industry (0.37 
mmtonnes) decreased by 15.9%. Other sales in Italy (2.27 mmtonnes) 
decreased by 0.44 mmtonnes or down by 16.2% mainly due to lower 
volumes sold to oil companies. Wholesale sales outside Italy were 
2.86 mmtonnes, up by 4.8% from 2023 particularly in Germany and 
Spain, partly offset by lower sales in Austria, Switzerland and France. 
PLENITUDE
RETAIL GAS & POWER
Gas demand
Eni operates in a liberalized energy market, where customers are allowed 
to choose the gas supplier and, according to their specific needs, to 
evaluate the quality of services and select the most suitable offers.
Overall, Plenitude supplies 10 million of retail clients (gas and 
electricity) in Italy (8 million) and Europe (2 million). 
Retail gas sales
In 2024, retail gas sales in Italy and in the rest of Europe amounted to 
5.51 bcm, down by 0.55 bcm or 9.1% from the previous year. Sales in 
Italy amounted to 3.83 bcm down by 6.8% from 2023, as a result of 
lower sales to the residential segment. Sales on the European markets 
of 1.68 bcm decreased by 13.8% (down by 0.27 bcm) compared to 
2023 and mainly reflected lower volumes sold in France.
MARKETING OF REFINED PRODUCTS
In 2024, retail sales of refined products (22.73 mmtonnes) were substantially in line compared to 2023.
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Retail power sales to end customers 
In 2024, retail power sales to end customers amounted to 18.28 
TWh, managed by Plenitude and the subsidiaries in France, 
Greece and the Iberian Peninsula increased by 1.7% from 2023, 
mainly due to the increase in the customer portfolio in Italy and 
abroad.
RENEWABLES
Eni is engaged in the renewable energy business (solar and wind) 
aiming at developing, constructing and managing renewable energy 
producing plant. Eni’s targets in this field will be reached by leveraging 
on an organic development of a diversified and balanced portfolio of 
assets, integrated with selective asset and projects acquisitions as 
well as national and international strategic partnerships.
(bcm)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
ITALY
3.83
4.11
4.65
(0.28)
(6.8)
Retail
2.71
2.91
3.34
(0.20)
(6.9)
Business
1.12
1.20
1.31
(0.08)
(6.7)
INTERNATIONAL SALES
1.68
1.95
2.19
(0.27)
(13.8)
European markets:
 
 
 
 
 
France
1.29
1.54
1.69
(0.25)
(16.2)
Greece
0.26
0.26
0.33
Other
0.13
0.15
0.17
(0.02)
(13.3)
RETAIL GAS SALES
5.51
6.06
6.84
(0.55)
(9.1)
(TWh)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Energy production from renewable sources
4,67
3,98
2,55
0,69
17,3
of which: photovoltaic
2,55
1,74
1,13
0,81
46,6
wind
2,12
2,24
1,42
(0,12)
(5,4)
of which: Italy
1,45
1,53
0,82
(0,08)
(5,2)
outside Italy
3,22
2,45
1,73
0,77
31,4
(GW)
2024
2023
2022
Italy
1.0 
1.0 
0.8 
Outside Italy
3.1 
2.0 
1.4 
United States
1.7 
1.3 
0.8 
Spain
0.8
0.4 
0.3 
Other (Australia, France, Germany, Kazakhstan, UK)
0.6
0.3 
0.3 
TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY(a)
4.1 
3.0 
2.2 
(a) Installed storage capacity amounted to 221 MW, 21 MW and 7 MW in the 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(GW)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Installed capacity from renewables at period end (Eni’s share)
4.1
3.0
2.2
1.1
37.0
of which: photovoltaic (including installed storage capacity)
71%
64%
54%
 
 
wind
29%
36%
46%
 
 
Energy production from renewable sources amounted to 4.67 TWH 
(of which 2.55 TWh photovoltaic and 2.12 TWh wind) up by 0.69 
TWh compared to 2023. The increase in production, compared to 
the previous year, benefitted from the entry in operations of new 
capacity, mainly for the contribution of assets already operating as 
well as from the start-up of organic development projects.
As of December 31, 2024, the total installed capacity from renewables 
amounted to 4.1 GW, an increase of 1.1 GW from 2023, mainly thanks 
the organic development of projects in the United States, Spain, the 
UK and Italy and the acquisition of assets in Spain and Germany as 
well as from the acquisition of 2 photovoltaic plants in the United 
States with a total capacity of 0.2 GW (Eni’s share) signed at the end 
of the year. 
Follows breakdown of the installed capacity by Country and technology: 
E-Mobility
On the back of a mobility market foreseeing a steady increase in the 
number of electric vehicles in Italy and in Europe, Plenitude, which 
represents the first operator in Italy for public access sites at high 
power >100 kW, continued its plan to extend the network of charging 
points throughout the Country, reaching about 21,000 charging 
points by December 31, 2024: the stations are smart and user-
friendly, monitored 24 hours a day by a help desk and accessible via 
the mobile device application.
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Refining and Chemicals
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24.21 mln tons 
Refining throughputs
Obtained FID to 
convert Livorno 
hub into 
biorefinery
3.17 mln tons 
Sales of chemical products 
(+2% vs. 2023)
Launched 
transformation 
plan of the 
Chemical business
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 
2024
2023
2022
TRIR (Total Recordable Injury Rate)(a)
(total recordable injuries/worked hours) x 1,000,000
1.32
0.49
0.66
of which: employees
 
1.25
0.55
1.05
contractors
 
1.39
0.42
0.35
Employees at year end
(number)
10,060
10,449
9,770
of which: outside Italy
 
2,501
2,747
2,693
Direct GHG emissions (Scope 1)(a)
(mmtonnes CO2eq.)
4.7
5.2
5.5
Refining
 
 
 
 
Refinery throughputs on own account
(mmtonnes)
24.21
27.39
27.12
Conversion index of oil refineries
(%) 
52
47
42
Average oil refineries utilization rate
 
78
77
79
Chemicals
 
 
 
 
Production of chemical products
(ktonnes)
5,685
5,663
6,856
Sales of chemical products
 
3,169
3,117
3,752
Average chemical plant utilization rate
(%)
50
51
59
(a) KPIs refer to 100% of the operated assets, consolidated and unconsolidated, with reference to the operatorship criteria expressed in the standards for Sustainability Statement. 
The 2023 and 2022 data are reported accordingly.
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PERFORMANCE OF THE YEAR
•	Total recordable injury rate (TRIR) of the workforce amounted 
to 1.32, showing a worsening performance compared to the 
previous year, mainly due to the event occurred at the Calenzano 
fuel storage hub (Florence).
•	Direct GHG emissions (Scope 1) of 4.7 mmtonnes of CO2eq. 
decreased compared to 2023, as a result of lower emissions in 
the Refining business (shutdowns for plant reorganization and 
maintenance).
•	Eni’s refining throughputs on own account amounted to 24.21 
mmtonnes, down by 11.6% compared to 2023 mainly due to 
changes in plant set-up at the Livorno refinery plants.
•	Sales of chemical products were 3.17 mmtonnes, up by about 
2%, mainly in the intermediates segment.
DECARBONIZATION PROCESS OF 
TRADITIONAL REFINING
The Refining business is progressing the decarbonization process 
and reached the final investment decision to convert the traditional 
Livorno plant into a biorefinery following the same successful model 
adopted in Gela and Venice. The start-up of the new biorefining 
facilities is expected in 2026 and the hub will be allocated to 
Enilive. The project is awaiting official authorisations and includes 
the construction of a biogenic feedstock pre-treatment unit, an 
Ecofining™ plant and a facility for the production of hydrogen from 
natural gas.
TRANFORMATION PLAN OF THE 
CHEMICAL BUSINESS
In October 2024, Eni launched the plan for the transformation, 
decarbonization and relaunch of its Chemical business announced 
in March 2024, which foresees investments of around €2 billion 
and the reduction of about 1 mmtonnes of CO2 emissions, equal 
to approximately 40% of the total Versalis emissions in Italy. The 
plan will focus on the  restructuring of basic chemistry with the 
shutdown of the cracking plants in Priolo and Brindisi and the 
strong downsizing of polymer production with the shutdown of 
polyethylene in Ragusa. In addition it will include the construction 
of new industrial plants consistent with the energy transition and 
decarbonization of the various industrial sites, in the areas of 
bio, circular and chemical specialties, as well as biorefining and 
energy storage. The transformation plan, to be implemented by 
2029, is targeted to invest in the development of new platforms 
in renewable, circular and specialties, whose markets are growing 
and in which Versalis has acquired a leading position. At the end 
of the process, the transformation will bring a positive impact in 
terms of employment, counteracting the negative consequences 
that the structural and consolidated crisis of the basic chemicals 
sector at the European level would have in this area.
CIRCULAR ECONOMY INITIATIVES 
AND CHEMICALS FROM 
RENEWABLES
As part of the development of circular economy projects, a key 
strategic driver for Eni’s chemical business, Versalis launched a 
collaboration with Crocco (SpA SB), an innovative company in 
the flexible packaging sector, aimed at the production of food 
packaging film made with raw material partly from the recycling 
of post-consumer plastics, with the target of mass production 
addressed to the large-scale retail market.
In addition, Versalis, following the collaboration with Forever Plast, 
launched REFENCETM, an innovative range of recycled polymers for 
food contact packaging. The new products, developed thanks to the 
new NEWER™ technology, will enhance the Versalis Revive® portfolio 
from mechanical recycling.
To develop an increasingly sustainable industrial supply chain model, 
Versalis signed an agreement with Bridgestone and BB&G Group aimed 
at transforming end-of-life tires (ELTs) into new tires, contributing to the 
creation of a circular and sustainable production cycle.
Finally, as evidence of Versalis’ ongoing commitment to creating 
innovative and increasingly sustainable solutions, launched 
ReUp, a new brand in the furniture and home decor sector for the 
production and marketing of plastic solutions obtained in whole 
or in part from renewable or recycled sources.
In line with the strategy to strengthen market share in high value-
added segments, Versalis finalized the acquisition of 100% of 
Tecnofilm SpA, a company specializing in compounding.
In January 2025, Versalis signed a strategic partnership with Lummus 
Technology, a company specialized in technological processes and 
innovative energy solutions, for the licensing of technologies in the 
phenol chain. With this new partnership, Lummus and Versalis will 
be targeted to develop more sustainable technology solutions and 
maximize efficiency, helping to meet customers’ evolving needs for 
productivity, energy efficiency, and sustainability goals.
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REFINING
SUPPLY AND TRADING
In 2024, purchased  16.22 mmtonnes of crude oil to feed Eni 
directly supplied refineries (compared with 19.08 mmtonnes 
in 2023), of which 5.06 mmtonnes by equity crude oil, 9.77 
mmtonnes on the spot market and 1.39 mmtonnes by producer’s 
Countries with term contracts. The breakdown by geographic area 
was as follows: 31% of purchased crude came from Central Asia, 
21% from North Africa, 9% from Middle East, 9% from Italy, 6% 
from North Sea, 5% from West Africa, and 19% from other areas.
PURCHASES
(mmtonnes)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Equity crude oil
 
5.06 
4.57 
5.02 
0.5
10.7
Other crude oil
 
11.16 
14.51 
14.13 
(3.4)
(23.1)
Total crude oil purchases
 
16.22 
19.08 
19.15 
(2.9)
(15.0)
Purchases of intermediate products
 
0.03 
0.21 
0.07 
(0.2)
(85.7)
Purchases of products
 
9.48 
6.23 
7.13 
3.3
52.2
TOTAL PURCHASES
 
25.73 
25.52 
26.35 
0.2
0.8
Consumption for power generation
 
(0.25)
(0.32)
(0.31)
0.1
21.9
Other changes(a)
 
(0.32)
(1.47)
(1.46)
1.2
78.2
TOTAL AVAILABILITY
 
25.16 
23.73 
24.58 
1.4
6.0
(a) Include change in inventories, decrease due to transportation, consumption and losses.
THROUGHPUTS OF REFINED PRODUCTS
(mmtonnes)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Italy
 
13.76
16.88
16.12
(3.12)
(18.5)
of which: at wholly-owned refineries
 
10.58
13.31
13.25
(2.73)
(20.5)
at account of third parties
 
(1.50)
(1.32)
(1.70)
(0.18)
(13.6)
at affiliated refineries
 
4.68
4.89
4.57
(0.21)
(4.3)
Outside Italy(a)
 
10.45
10.51
11.00
(0.06)
(0.6)
TOTAL REFINERY THROUGHPUTS ON OWN ACCOUNT
 
24.21
27.39
27.12
(3.18)
(11.6)
(a) Results of the refining activities in Germany are reported within Enilive business.
REFINING
In 2024, Eni’s refining throughputs on own account were 24.21 
mmtonnes, a decrease of 11.6% compared to 2023 as a result 
of lower volumes processed in particular at the Livorno refinery 
due to new production set-up and at Sannazzaro refinery due 
to higher shutdowns compared to the comparative period. The 
refinery utilization rate, ratio between throughputs and refinery 
capacity, is 78%. A share of 31% of processed crude was supplied by 
Eni, representing a decrease from 2023 (24.4%).
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CHEMICALS
In 2024, sales of chemical products amounted to 3,169 ktonnes 
and slightly increased from 2023 (up by 52 ktonnes, or 1.7%). In 
particular, the main increases were recorded in the intermediates 
(olefines, aromatics and fenol derivatives), up by 4.2%, and in 
polymers (polyethylene, styrenics and elastomers), down by 7%. In 
the compounding business, sales amounted to 64 ktonnes, down 
by 4.5% from the comparative period. Reductions were reported 
also in the oilfield business, down by 14 ktonnes or down by 
33.3%. Additional volumes derive from Novamont Group’s entities 
and Matrica and amounted to 88 ktonnes (both companies were 
consolidated starting from October). 
Average sale prices of the intermediates business decreased by 
1.9% from 2023, with olefins down by 3% and derivatives down 
by 0.7 %. The polymers reported a decrease of 1.1% from 2023. 
Chemical production amounted to 5,685 ktonnes (up by 22 
ktonnes vs. 2023). Lower productions were reported in the 
intermediates business (down by 26 ktonnes), in particular 
aromatics and derivatives. The main reductions were reported at 
Priolo plant (down by 195 ktonnes) and Mantua site (down by 85 
ktonnes). Those reductions were offset by increased volumes at 
Dunkerque plant (up by 285 ktonnes). 
The average plant utilization rate, calculated on nominal capacity, 
was 50.4% representing a decrease from the comparative period 
(51.4% in 2023).
BUSINESS TRENDS
Intermediates
Intermediates revenues (€1,530 million) increased by €33 million 
from 2023 (up by 2.2%). Sales volumes increased by 69 ktonnes, 
or 4.2% vs. 2023. In particular, reported positive performance in 
olefines (up by 14.6%), offset by lower sales of aromatics (down by 
17.2%) and derivatives (down by 5.6%). Average prices decreased 
by 1.9%, in particular olefins (down by 3%) and derivatives (down 
by 0.7%). 
Intermediates production (3,851 ktonnes) registered a decrease 
of 0.7% from 2023. Decreases were also registered in aromatics 
(down by 17.8%) and in derivatives (down by 9.4%).
(ktonnes)
2024
2023
2022
Var. ass.
Var. %
Intermediates
3,851
3,877
4,897
(26)
(0.7)
Polymers
1,559
1,658
1,873
(99)
(6.0)
Biochem
206
57
5
149
..
Moulding & Compounding
69
71
81
(2)
(2.8)
Total production
5,685
5,663
6.856
22
0.4
Consumption and losses
(3,106)
(3,247)
(3,923)
141
4.3
Purchases and change in inventories
590
701
819
(111)
(15.8)
Total availability
3,169
3,117
3,752
52
1.7
Intermediates
1,720
1,651
2,158
69
4.2
Polymers
1,255
1,350
1,494
(95)
(7.0)
Oilfield chemicals
14
21
21
(7)
(33.3)
Biochem
116
28
3
88
..
Moulding & Compounding
64
67
76
(3)
(4.5)
Total sales
3,169
3,117
3,752
52
1.7
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Polymers
Revenues in the polymers segment (€1,976 million) decreased by 
€176 million or 8.2% from 2023 due to the decrease in sales volumes 
(-95 ktons) and in the average sales prices (down by 1.1%). 
Sold volumes reported a decrease (down by 3.5%) due to lower 
sales of LLDPE (down by 13.4%) and HDPE (down by 17.4%). 
These negatives were partially balanced by the increase in 
volumes of EVA (up by 23.4%). 
As for elastomers, decreases were reported in sales of latex 
(down by 24.7%), EPR/EPDM (down by 11.4%) and BR (down by 
1.9%), while sales of NBR and SBR increased by 2.6% and 10.1%, 
respectively. 
Average sales prices increased by 1.3%. The decrease in sales 
volumes of styrenics, due to the reduction of demand, particularly 
affected GPPS (down by 5.1%) and HIPS (down by 23.5%). 
Polymers production (1,559 ktonnes) decreased by 6% from the 
2023 due to the lower production of styrenics (down by 10.3%), 
elastomers (down by 9.2%) and polyethylene (down by 0.8%).
Oilfield chemicals, Biochem and 
Moulding & Compounding
Oilfield chemicals revenues decreased by 19.2% (down by €19 
million compared to 2023) as a result of decreasing sales volumes 
(down by 33.3%). 
Biochem business revenues (€316 million) significantly increased by 
€233 million from 2023, mainly thanks to the inclusion of Novamont 
Group in the consolidation area starting from October 1, 2023. 
Moulding & Compounding business revenues decreased by €22 
million from 2023 (down by 8.0%) due to lower sales volumes 
(down by 4.5%).
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Environmental activities
~1.9 mln ton
total waste managed
9.3 mln mc
reused water for 
industrial and 
environmental use
Over 
36 mln mc
treated water
Eni Rewind 
Eni global 
contractor 
operating in over 
100 sites of 
regional and national 
priority
~77% 
recovered
waste
vs. total recoverable 
waste
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The Group’s environmental activities are managed by Eni Rewind, 
Eni’s subsidiary engaged in the valorization of land, water and 
waste resources, industrial or deriving from reclamation activities, 
to give them new life leveraging on the circular economy principles, 
through sustainable reclamation and revaluation projects, both in 
Italy and abroad. Eni Rewind, through its integrated end-to-end 
model, guarantees the supervision of every phase of the process 
reclamation and waste management, planning projects from the 
early stages to enhance and reuse resources (soils, water, waste), 
making them available for new development opportunities.
RECLAMATION ACTIVITIES 
Based on the expertise acquired and in collaboration with the 
relevant Authorities and stakeholders, Eni Rewind identifies 
projects aimed at enhancing and reusing remediated areas, 
allowing the environmental recovery of former industrial sites and 
the revitalization of the local economy.
Eni Rewind operates in 17 sites of national priority and over 100 
sites of regional priority, in recent years it has consolidated its 
position as global contractor for all Eni’s subsidiaries.
Among the main remediation projects at its owned sites, notable 
interventions include those at: Assemini, Avenza, Brindisi, Crotone, 
Gela, Porto Marghera, Porto Torres and Priolo.
In 2024,  as part of the Porto Torres site reclamation, specifically in 
the “Minciaredda” area, Eni Rewind continued its land reclamation 
efforts using the environmental platform. In 2024 the platform 
increased treatment volumes (245  ktonnes compared with 179 
ktonnes in the previous year).
Following the 100% acquisition of the subsidiary Progetto Nuraghe 
Srl, in charge of the operational management of the platform, the 
company was merged into Eni Rewind in June. 
At the Brindisi site, the certification of the Micorosa area was 
completed following the successful physical confinement, 
aligned with  those realized by the Municipality. In addition, the 
removal of anthropogenic accumulations is in the final stages in 
the “Protected Oasis” area. Eni Rewind is awaiting the remediation 
certification for the outdoor areas.
At the Pieve Vergonte site, in September, was approved the 
Variant of the Operational Remediation Project (POB) - Phase 1 by 
the Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea 
(MASE), as part of the diversion activities of the Marmazza river, 
following the completion of the second-level authorization process.
Relating to Crotone site, in August 2024, the MASE issued the 
Decree which approved the POB Phase II withdrawal, which 
authorizes the reclamation of former Pertusola areas (landfill 
and inland areas) and former Agriculture by excavation and 
disposal of contaminated land, requiring the Region – among 
other things – to amend the PAUR (Provvedimento Autorizzatorio 
Unico Regionale) of 2019 with the removal of the constraint that 
prohibits the use of landfills regional. The local authorities have 
requested the cancellation of Decree of the MASE to the TAR 
which set the hearing on February 19, 2025. Pending the possible 
modification of the PAUR, MASE has authorized the use of D15 
depot as temporary (not subject to the PAUR constraint) to allow 
the start of excavations. On January 14 and 15, the Region, 
followed by the Municipality and by the Province with similar acts, 
have filed complaints both Eni Rewind and Sovreco to finalize 
the contract for the delivery of hazardous waste to the Crotone 
landfill, preventing the start of excavations that had been planned 
for January 20.
WATER & WASTE MANAGEMENT
Eni Rewind manages water treatment for the purpose of 
remediation activities at Eni sites and owned by Eni Rewind, 
through an integrated system for intercepting the aquifer and 
conveying groundwater to treatment plants for its purification. 
The automation and digitalization project of the treatment plants 
continued in 2024 as part of a broader optimization initiative, 
with the aim of increasing the competitiveness and sustainability 
of the business, the quality of work and process safety. The 
main drivers of the project consist in the adoption of optimized 
operating models for the management of the plants, already 
operational in some sites, leveraging the enhancement of the 
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Control Room in San Donato Milanese and the digitization of the 
sites connected to it. A further area of digitization is that of the 
maintenance process, which has seen the adoption of special 
maintenance management software.
Currently, 42 water treatment plants are operational and managed 
in Italy, with approximately 36.5 million cubic meters of water 
treated in 2024, a slight increase compared to the previous year.
In December 2024, more than 9.3 million cubic meters of water 
were reused after treatment, a slight increase compared to 2023 
due to the higher volumes emitted due to greater rainfall and 
greater withdrawal of water for industrial use.
Eni Rewind is confirmed as Eni’s center of competence for the 
management of waste from both its own remediation and 
reclamation activities and from Eni’s production sites, for which it 
carries out a specialist waste management service.
Eni Rewind managed a total of about 1.9 million tons of waste in 
2024, an increase compared to 2023, sending it for recovery or 
disposal at external plants. This increase is due to the increase in 
liquid waste, managed for disposal at external plants, produced 
in the Refining Evolution and Transformation (REVT) area for the 
emergency safety measures (MISE) activities of the Sannazzaro 
site and the land produced in the REVT area in Livorno, for the 
preparatory activities for the construction of the Biorefinery.
The recovery index (ratio of recovered/recoverable waste) was 
76.3%, up from 2023 (75%), due to the analytical and granulometric 
characteristics found in the waste managed during characterization, 
which made it possible to maximize the start of waste recovery. 
Hazardous waste amounts to 27% of the total. Compared to the 
total volumes managed by Eni Rewind in 2024, the part relating to 
Eni customers currently makes up about 80% of the total.
CERTIFICATIONS
Eni Rewind pursues high quality standards as demonstrated by 
the maintenance of an HSEQ Integrated Management System 
certified for the requirements of ISO 14001:2015 (Environmental 
Management System), IS0 45001:2018 (Occupational Health 
and Safety Management System) and ISO 9001:2015 (Quality 
Management System). The certification is also extended to the 
services provided by Eni Rewind at the sites of Eni and Eni’s 
companies.
During 2024, the Company, with the aim of seizing further market 
expansion opportunities in the public and/or private public sector, 
acquired certification for the execution of works falling under 
SOA Category OS-23 in Classification VIII – unlimited, relating to 
the demolition of works, which increases the categories already 
obtained with the same classification for OG-12,  relating to 
reclamation and environmental protection works and plants, for 
OS-14, relating to waste disposal and recovery plants and for OS-
22, relating to drinking water treatment and purification plants.
NON-CAPTIVE INITIATIVES
During 2024, Eni Rewind continued its commitment to consolidate 
and expand its non-captive portfolio. In particular progressed the 
implementation of the agreements signed with an Italian operator.
Relating to the contract with Kuwait Raffinazione e Chimica SpA 
signed in 2023, Eni Rewind, in a Temporary Grouping of Companies 
(RTI) with Greenthesis and SIRAI, has been awarded the works for the 
reclamation of the area of the former Naples plant (Former Refinery, 
Former Chemical and Via Del Pezzo areas). In 2024, in addition to 
the conclusion of the executive design, field activities preparatory to 
the execution of the interventions were concluded, the debombing 
and asbestos removal activities continued, and were started the 
excavation activities and the soil treatment with land farming, in 
order to build slabs for the storage of materials and the construction 
of the thermal desorption plant.
Between May and June, contracts were signed between Invitalia 
and the RTI, where Eni Rewind is the leading partner, to carry out 
the activities of design, environmental analysis and the supply, 
installation and management of the thermal desorption plant 
used for the remediation of the soil in Lots I and II of Bagnoli.
In August, published the ranking with the RTI ranked first, in which 
Eni Rewind participates as leading partner for environmental 
analysis activities, installation of physical diaphragm and 
capping, as part of the tender launched by Sogesid relating to the 
Preventive Safety and redevelopment of the former Yard Belleli 
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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area located within the port of Taranto. In addition, in October, the 
RTI’s establishment act was signed.
In October, finalized the technical phase of the competitive 
dialogue with Acque Novara VCO for the construction and 
management in Trecate (NO) of a waste-to-energy plant for 
sludge from the wastewater treatment of the ATO 1 and ATO 
2 operators of the  Region of Piemonte. The Company is still 
waiting for feedback from the Contracting Authority and the start 
of the new negotiation phase. Eni Rewind, principal of an RTI, will 
operate, as co-manager in the operational phase.
In November, Eni Rewind signed a contract with the Municipality of 
Rome for environmental activities on a former industrial area (Mira 
Lanza factory) located near the Tiber river. The project includes 
the integration of the characterization plan, the execution of the 
environmental chemical investigation and analysis activities, the 
updating of the risk analysis and the drafting of the Operational 
Remediation Project.
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Financial Review
Basis of presentation
Effective October 1, 2024, the management has established a new 
organizational set-up of the Company articulated on three business 
groups: 
• “Chief Transition & Financial Officer” focused on maximizing the 
value of the transition businesses; 
• “Global Natural Resources” designated to maximize margins all 
along the oil & gas value chain leveraging on our assets portfolio 
and operational excellence; 
• “Industrial Transformation” designated to accomplish the 
restructuring of the chemicals and downstream businesses.
Based on changes in the attribution of profit responsibilities, Eni’s 
reportable segments have been redefined as follows: 
•	Exploration & Production, which is now integrating results of the 
activities of marketing and trading of oil&products to enhance 
synergies and to fully capture margins across the value chain;
•	Global Gas & LNG Portfolio and Power considering that gas-fired 
power generation activities are ancillary to gas supply and trading 
activities;
•	Enilive and Plenitude engaged in the energy transition, which are 
sharing a common strategy of growth and value creation leveraging 
cross selling opportunities in the retail space;
•	Refining and Chemical focused on driving the restructuring 
and industrial transformation of the chemical sector and of the 
downstream oil;
• Corporate and other activities engaged in business support 
activities, environmental services and the business under 
development of CCS and the agribusiness. 
The re-segmentation of the adjusted operating profit for the 2023 
and 2022 comparative periods is disclosed below:
2022
2023
(€ million)
As published 
As restated 
As published 
As restated 
Adjusted operating profit (loss) 
20,386
20,386
13,805
13,805
of which: 
E&P
16,469
16,631
9,934
10,124
GGP
2,063 
3,247 
Enilive, Refining and Chemicals
1,929
 
555
 
- Enilive
672
 
728
 
- Refining
1,511
 
441
 
- Chemicals
(254)
 
(614)
 
Plenitude & Power
615
 
681
 
- Plenitude
345
 
515
 
- Power
270
 
166
 
GGP & Power
 
2,333
 
3,413
- GGP
2,063
3,247
- Power
270
166
Enilive and Plenitude
 
1,473
 
1,257
- Enilive
1,128
742
- Plenitude
345
515
Refining and Chemicals
 
645
 
(362)
- Refining
899
252
- Chemicals
(254)
(614)
Corporate and other activities 
(680)
(686)
(651)
(666)
Impact of unrealized intragroup profit elimination
(10)
(10) 
39
39
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Performance of the year
Eni’s 2024 results were reported in a context characterized by 
volatility and weakening price scenario for the main commodities: 
crude oil prices averaged 81 $/bbl (83 $/bbl in 2023), reflecting 
the substantial balance between supply and demand. Worldwide 
oil demand slightly rose, setting however a new historical record 
thanks to the resilience of economy in the USA and the growth of 
some developing Countries, such as India, the effects of which have 
been partially mitigated by the slowdown in the European economy 
and a more moderate growth of the Chinese economy.
The global gas market was affected by a slowdown in the economic 
trend and oversupply; with a 2024-2025 winter season highlighting 
signs of tension on supply. In 2024, natural gas prices in the European 
hub were on average 35 €/MWh, down by 15% compared to 2023. 
The Standard Eni Refining Margin progressively weakened and 
reported an average of approximately 5.1 $/barrel (down 40% 
from 2023) due to the availability of new capacity in the Middle 
East, Africa and Asia with the start-up of mega sized plants, 
which are more competitive than European refineries. In addition, 
margins were affected by weak demand for gasoil and fuel due 
to manufacturing slowdown in Europe and the crisis faced by the 
Chinese construction sector, as well as by the stagnant driving 
season impacting the products crack spreads. 
In the Chemical business, weak market fundamentals were due to 
overcapacity, competitive pressure from geographies leveraging 
on scale economies and competitive cost structure (China, Middle 
East and United States), deepening structural weaknesses in 
European chemicals linked to high energy costs and environmental 
obligations, as well as consumers awareness on sustainability 
issues. The downturn in the European Chemical sector started 
in 2023 continued throughout the 2024, exacerbated by the 
economic stagnation in the Eurozone and by the fall in the industrial 
production.
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Sales from operations 
88,797 
93,717
132,512
(4,920)
(5.2)
Other income and revenues
2,417 
1,099
1,175
1,318
..
Operating expenses
(74,544)
(77,221)
(105,497)
2,677
3.5
Other operating income (expense) 
(352)
478
(1,736)
(830)
..
Depreciation, depletion, amortization
(7,600)
(7,479)
(7,205)
(121)
(1.6)
Net impairment reversals (losses) of tangible and intangible and right-of-use assets
(2,900)
(1,802)
(1,140)
(1,098)
(60.9)
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets
(580)
(535)
(599)
(45)
(8.4)
Operating profit (loss)
5,238 
8,257
17,510
(3,019)
(36.6)
Finance income (expense)
(599)
(473)
(925)
(126)
(26.6)
Income (expense) from investments
1,850 
2,444
5,464
(594)
(24.3)
Profit (loss) before income taxes
6,489 
10,228
22,049
(3,739)
(36.6)
Income taxes
(3,725)
(5,368)
(8,088)
1,643
30.6
Tax rate (%)
57.4 
52.5
36.7
 
 
Net profit (loss)
2,764 
4,860
13,961
(2,096)
(43.1)
attributable to:
 
 
 
 
 
- Eni's shareholders
2,624 
4,771
13,887
(2,147)
(45.0)
- Non-controlling interest
140 
89
74
51
57.3
PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT
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2024
2023
2022
% Ch.
Average price of Brent dated crude oil in U.S. dollars(a)
 
80.76 
82.62
101.19
(2.2)
Average EUR/USD exchange rate(b)
 
1.082
1.081
1.053
0.1
Average price of Brent dated crude oil in euro
 
74.64
76.43
96.09
(2.3)
Standard Eni Refining Margin (SERM)(c)
 
5.1
8.1
8.1
(36.9)
PSV(d)
 
36
42
122
(14.0)
TTF(d)
 
34
41
121
(15.5)
(a) Price per barrel. Source: Platt’s Oilgram.
(b) Source: ECB.
(c) In $/BBL FOB Mediterranean Brent dated crude oil. Source: Eni calculations. From January 1, 2024, the benchmark refining margin has been calculated based on a new methodology which considers a revised industrial set-up 
in connection with the planned restructuring of the Livorno plant and implemented optimizations of utilities consumption, as well as current trends in crude supplies building in a slate of both high-sulfur and low-sulfur crudes.
(d) €/MWh.
In 2024, net profit attributable to Eni’s shareholders was €2,624 
million, a decrease of about €2 billion from 2023, which reflects the 37% 
contraction in operating profit, mainly due to lower E&P performance, 
impacted by the reduction in crude oil and natural gas prices in all 
geographic areas, the decline in the GGP and Power sectors, which 
in 2023 benefitted from particularly favorable trading environment, 
contractual one-offs and a favorable arbitration outcome, as well as a 
continuing industry downturn in the oil downstream sectors, affected 
by weak demand and market competitive pressures in an oversupply 
environment. These negatives were partially offset by Enilive and 
Plenitude performance, despite the challenging market context.
Below the breakdown of the operating profit by business segment:
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Exploration & Production 
 
6,715
8,693
16,158
(1,978)
(22.8)
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio and Power
 
(909)
2,626
4,231
(3,535)
.. 
Enilive and Plenitude
 
1,589
(74)
(450)
1,663
..
Refining and Chemicals
 
(1,681)
(2,121)
(606)
440
20.7
Corporate and other activities
 
(371)
(948)
(1,961)
577
60.9
Impact of unrealized intragroup profit elimination
(105)
81
138
(186)
..
Operating profit (loss)
 
5,238
8,257
17,510
(3,019)
(36.6)
Adjusted results and breakdown  
of special items
Eni’s management determines adjusted results excluding extraordinary 
gains/charges or special items, in order to improve understanding 
the underlying operating performance of our businesses.
The main indicator of managerial profitability, adjusted operating 
profit on a proforma basis (i.e., including the Eni share of the 
main joint ventures/associates), totalled €14.3 billion, reflecting a 
decrease of about 20% compared to 2023 (down by €3.5 billion). 
This decline is mainly attributable, for about €5 billion, to the negative 
performance of exogenous factors, such as energy commodity 
prices and margins, particularly gas prices, refining margins, 
(€ billion)
2024
2023
Change
of which
Price/Scenario
Volume mix
Costs and 
other effects
Proforma adjusted EBIT
14.3
17.8
(3.5)
 
(5.0)
1
0.5
chemical product margins, biofuels, and to a lesser extent, Brent oil, 
as well as the one-off effects of GGP in 2023. The price trend reflects 
the general slowdown of economic growth in 2024, characterized by 
the weakness of the European manufacturing sector, the cautious 
recovery of the Chinese economy, and competitive pressure. These 
negatives were partially offset by the increase in energy production 
volumes, both in the transition businesses (renewable energy, 
biofuels, advanced services) and in traditional businesses (oil and 
gas production) to meet market demand, as well as cost savings 
(with a total benefit of €1.5 billion).
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
90
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Operating profit (loss)
 
5,238
8,257
17,510
(3,019)
(36.6)
Exclusion of inventory holding (gains) losses
 
434
562
(564)
 
 
Exclusion of special items
 
4,676
4,986
3,440
 
 
Adjusted operating profit (loss) 
 
10,348
13,805
20,386
(3,457)
(25.0)
main JV/Associates adjusted EBIT
 
3,974
4,004
4,947
 
 
Proforma adjusted EBIT 
 
14,322
17,809
25,333
(3,487)
(19.6)
Breakdown by segment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exploration & Production
 
13,022
13,538
21,062
(516)
(3.8)
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio and Power
 
1,274
3,599
2,333
(2,325)
(64.6)
Enilive and Plenitude
 
1,143
1,253
1,473
(110)
(8.8)
Refining and Chemicals
 
(713)
46
1,161
(759)
..
Corporate and other activities
 
(526)
(666)
(686)
140
21.0
Impact of unrealized intragroup profit elimination and  other consolidation adjustments
122
39
(10)
83
 
Adjusted profit (loss) before taxes
 
11,125
15,108
21,964
(3,983)
(26.4)
Adjusted net profit (loss)
 
5,333
8,400
13,356
(3,067)
(36.5)
Net profit (loss)
 
2,764
4,860
13,961
(2,096)
(43.1)
Net profit (loss) attributable to Eni's shareholders
 
2,624
4,771
13,887
(2,147)
(45.0)
Exclusion of inventory holding (gains) losses
 
308
402
(401)
 
 
Exclusion of special items
 
2,325
3,149
(185)
 
 
Adjusted net profit (loss) attributable to Eni's shareholders
 
5,257
8,322
13,301
(3,065)
(36.8)
For a detailed disclosure on businesses performance, see the 
paragraph “Results by business segments”.
In 2024, the Group reported an adjusted net profit of €5,257 million, a 
decrease of €3,065 million compared to 2023, reflecting the trend in 
the Group adjusted Ebit and lower net profit at Eni’s equity-accounted 
entities, as well as the increase in the adjusted tax rate due to the 
prevailing effect of the upstream high taxation in foreign jurisdictions 
and a reduced pre-tax contribution of other sectors generally 
operating in OECD jurisdiction with lower tax rates than E&P.
Breakdown of special items
Adjusted net profit includes special items consisting of net gains of 
€2,325 million, mainly relating to the following:
•	the accounting effect of certain fair-valued commodity derivatives 
lacking the formal criteria to be classified as hedges or to be 
waived from fair value accounting under the own use exemption 
(net charges of €1,056 million);
•	impairment losses of upstream business related to write-downs of 
oil&gas properties driven by alignment of a disposal group in Alaska 
to its fair value and in Congo a reserves revision at another oil&gas 
assets that was subsequently aligned to fair value; such assets 
review was part of a re-prioritization of investment capital away 
from future phases of the development of marginal properties and 
instead a focus on the core projects (€1,900 million);
•	write-off of an exploration project due to geopolitical constraints;
•	other impairments related to assets in Turkmenistan and Italy due 
to reserve revisions (around €300 million)
•	the write-down of capital expenditures made for compliance and 
stay-in-business at certain CGU with expected negative cash flows 
in the Refining business (€292 million) and Chemicals (€163 million);
•	environmental charges (€31 million) mainly related to the progress 
of remediation and decommissioning activities on certain industrial 
sites and ancillary facilities net of the signing of a comprehensive 
agreement with an Italian operator on a 50-50 sharing of 
environmental costs related to several Italian sites, which were 
previously carried out or provisioned by Eni at 100%;
•	the difference between the value of gas inventories accounted for 
under the weighted-average cost method provided by IFRS and 
management’s own measure of inventories, which moves forward 
at the time of inventory drawdown, the margins captured on 
volumes in inventories above normal levels leveraging the seasonal 
spread in gas prices net of the effects of the associated commodity 
derivatives (gain of €159 million);
•	provision for redundancy incentives (€73 million);
•	the gains in connection to the divestment of upstream assets 
to the business combination with Ithaca Energy (for an overall 
amount of approximately €490 million) as well as sale of a 10% 
stake in the equity interests of Eni’s interest in Saipem (€166 
million).
Below the breakdown of the operating profit by business segments:
91
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Special items of operating profit (loss)
4,676
4,986
3,440
- impairment losses (impairments reversal), net
2,900
1,802
1,140
- impairment of exploration projects
140
 
2
- environmental charges
31
648
2,056
- net gains on disposal of assets
(38)
(11)
(41)
- risk provisions
44
39
87
- provision for redundancy incentives
73
158
202
- commodity derivatives
1,056
1,255
(389)
- exchange rate differences and derivatives
258
(16)
149
- other
212
1,111
234
Net finance (income) expense
(155)
30
(127)
of which:
 
 
 
- exchange rate differences and derivatives reclassified to operating profit (loss)
(258)
16
(149)
Net (income) expense from investments
(319)
(698)
(2,834)
of which:
 
 
 
-  gain on the SeaCorridor deal
 
(834)
 
- gain on the sale of a 10% stake in Saipem
(166)
 
 
- net gain on divestment of upstream assets
(373)
 
 
-  gain on the divestment interest of Vår Energi
 
 
 
(448)
-  net gains on the divestment of Angolan assets
 
 
 
(2,542)
Income taxes
(1,941)
(1,180)
(683)
Total special items of net profit (loss)
2,261
3,138
(204)
Attributable to:
 
 
- non-controlling interest
(64)
(11)
(19)
-  Eni's shareholders
2,325
3,149
(185)
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
92
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

In 2024 sales from operations amounted to €88,797 million, reporting 
a decrease of €4,920 million from 2023 (down by 5%), negatively 
impacted by the decline in energy commodity prices, partially offset 
by higher volumes. This trend reflects the effects induced by the 
decline in oil prices (the Brent price decrease from 83 $/bbl in 2023 
to 81 $/bbl in 2024, down by 2%) and natural gas spot prices in Italy 
and Europe reported a decrease of approximately 15%; as well as 
in the refining business, the reduction in petroleum product prices, 
negatively impacted by weak demand, excess capacity, and the 
Operating expenses for 2024 (€74,544 million) decreased by €2,677 
million from 2023, down by 3.5%. Purchases, services and other 
(€71,114 million) decreased by 3,7% compared to 2023 mainly 
reflecting lower hydrocarbon supply costs (gas under longstructure 
competitive pressure from foreign production, along with the effect 
of lower processed volumes/product availability.
Other income and revenues amounting to €2,417 million increased 
from 2023 and included: (i) €1,048 million relating to the signing of a 
comprehensive agreement with an Italian operator of environmental 
costs which grants Eni a reimbursement of past costs and future costs 
already provisioned in environmental funds and (ii) €194 million related 
to the cost recovery share of the right of use assets attributable to the 
partners of the joint operations not incorporated, operated by Eni.
term supply contracts and refinery and chemical feedstocks). Payroll 
and related costs (€3,262 million) increased from 2023 (up by €126 
million, or 4%), mainly due to the increase in average employment, 
also following the acquisition of new companies.
REVENUES
TOTAL REVENUES
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Exploration & Production
54,440
55,773
61,834
(1,333)
(2.4)
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio and Power
18,876
24,168
58,119
(5,292)
(21.9)
 - Global Gas & LNG Portfolio
15,302
20,139
48,586
(4,837)
(24.0)
 - Power
3,574
4,029
9,533
( 455)
 11,3
- Consolidation adjustments
 0
0 
0 
 
 
Enilive and Plenitude
31,301
32,877
39,942
(1,576)
(4.8)
- Enilive
21,139
21,780
26,479
(641)
(2.9)
 - Plenitude
10,179
11,102
13,497
(923)
(8.3)
- Consolidation adjustments
(17)
(5)
(34)
 
 
Refining and Chemicals
21,210
23,061
26,633
(1,851)
(8.0)
 - Refining
17,135
18,989
20,616
(1,854)
(9.8)
 - Chemicals
4,266
4,236
6,215
30
0.7
- Consolidation adjustments
(191)
(164)
(198)
 
 
Corporate and other activities
1,905
1,830
1,785
75
4.1
Consolidation adjustments
(38,935)
(43,992)
(55,801)
5,057
 
Sales from operations
88,797 
93,717
132,512
(4,920)
(5.2)
Other income and revenues
2,417 
1,099
1,175
1,318
..
Total revenues
91,214 
94,816
133,687
(3,602)
(3.8)
OPERATING EXPENSES
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Purchases, services and other 
71,114
73,836
102,529
(2,722)
(3.7)
Impairment losses (impairment reversals) of trade and other receivables, net
168
249
(47)
(81)
(32.5)
Payroll and related costs
3,262
3,136
3,015
126
4.0
74,544
77,221
105,497
(2,677)
(3.5)
93
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Depreciation, depletion and amortization (€7,600 million) increased 
by €121 million from 2023 (up by 1.6%) mainly in the Exploration & 
Production segment due to start-ups and ramp-up of new projects 
partly offset by the appreciation of the USD vs. EUR, as well as in the 
Enilive and Plenitude sectors following the start-up of some plants. 
Impairment losses (impairment reversals) of tangible and intangible 
and right of use assets, net (€2,900 million) disclosed in the section 
“special item”, follow the breakdown below:
DEPRECIATION, DEPLETION, AMORTIZATION, IMPAIRMENT LOSSES (IMPAIREMENT REVERSALS) NET  
AND WRITE-OFF
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Exploration & Production 
6,353
6,271
6,130
82
1.3
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio and Power
267
295
268
(28)
(9.5)
 - Global Gas & LNG Portfolio
192
233
217
(41)
(17.6)
 - Power
75
62
51
13
21.0 
Enilive and Plenitude
708
665
552
43
6.5 
 - Enilive
284
261
245
23
8.8 
 - Plenitude
424
404
307
20
5.0 
Refining and Chemicals
161
142
150
19
13.4 
 - Refining
33
36
33
(3)
(8.3)
 - Chemicals
128
106
117
22
20.8 
Corporate and other activities
144
140
138
4
2.9 
Impact of unrealized intragroup profit elimination
(33)
(34)
(33)
1
 
Total depreciation, depletion and amortization
7,600
7,479
7,205
121
1.6 
Impairment losses (impairment reversals) of tangible and intangible and right of use 
assets, net
2,900
1,802
1,140
1,098
60.9 
Depreciation, depletion, amortization, impairments and reversals, net
10,500
9,281
8,345
1,219
13,1 
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets
580
535
599
45
8.4 
11,080
9,816
8,944
1,264
12.9 
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Change
Exploration & Production 
2,203
1,043
432
1,160
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio and Power
101
(38)
(66)
139
Enilive and Plenitude
113
45
60
68
Refining and Chemicals
455
726
674
(271)
Corporate and other activities
28
26
40
2
Impairment losses (impairment reversals) of tangible and intangible and right of 
use assets, net
2,900
1,802
1,140
1,098
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets amounted to €580 
million and mainly related to the E&P segment concerning the 
costs of completed exploration wells pending outcome, which 
in year were unsuccessful, particularly related to initiatives in 
Egypt, Cyprus, Mozambique, Kazakhstan, Oman, Vietnam, and 
United Arab Emirates, as well as exploration mineral rights 
in the process of decommissioning due to geopolitical and 
environmental factors.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
94
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

FINANCE INCOME (EXPENSE) 
(€ million) 
2024
2023
2022
Change
Finance income (expense) related to net borrowings
(656)
(487)
(939)
(169)
- Interest expense on corporate bonds
(827)
(667)
(507)
(160)
- Net income from financial activities held for trading
367
250
(53)
117
- Net income from financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss
21
34
(2)
(13)
- Interest expense for banks and other financing institutions
(358)
(207)
(128)
(151)
- Interest expense for lease liabilities
(314)
(267)
(315)
(47)
- Interest from banks
294
356
57
(62)
- Interest and other income from receivables and securities for  
non-financing operating activities
161
14
9
147
Income (expense) on derivative financial instruments
278
(61)
13
339
- Derivatives on exchange rate
310
(63)
(70)
373
- Derivatives on interest rate
(32)
2
81
(34)
- Options
 
 
2
 
Exchange differences, net
(38)
255
238
(293)
Other finance income (expense)
(405)
(274)
(275)
(131)
- Interest and other income from receivables and securities for financing 
operating activities
44
153
128
(109)
- Finance expense due to the passage of time (accretion discount)
(261)
(341)
(199)
80
- Other finance income (expense)
(188)
(86)
(204)
(102)
(821)
(567)
(963)
(254)
Finance expense capitalized
222
94
38
128
(599)
(473)
(925)
(126)
Net finance expenses were €599 million, €126 million higher than in 
2023, as a result of: (i) expense related to net borrowings following 
the increase in interest expense on corporate bonds (€160 million), 
as well as interest expense for banks and other financing institutions 
(€151 million), partly offset by the positive change of fair-valued 
Net income from investments amounted to €1,850 million and related to: 
•	gains due to the share of results from equity-accounted investments 
(€866 million) mainly relating to the JV Vår Energi, Azule Energy 
and ADNOC R&T;
•	dividends of €227 million paid by minor investments in certain 
entities which were designated at fair value through OCI under IFRS 
9 except for dividends which are recorded through profit. These 
derivatives due to the reduction in prices (€117 million); and (ii) the 
negative change in exchange rate differences (€293 million), more 
than offset by the positive change in million fair-valued currency 
derivatives (up by €373 million) lacking the formal criteria to be 
designated as hedges under IFRS 9.
entities mainly comprised Nigeria LNG (€166 million) and Saudi 
European Petrochemical Co. (€22 million);
•	gains in connection to the divestment of assets (€562 million) 
mainly related to the upstream segment and to the sale of a 10% 
stake in the equity interests of Eni’s interest in Saipem;
•	other net gains mainly related to the business combination with 
Ithaca Energy.
NET INCOME (EXPENSE) FROM INVESTMENTS
2024
(€ million)
Exploration 
& Production
Global Gas & 
LNG Portfolio 
and Power
Enilive and 
Plenitude
Refining 
and 
Chemicals
Corporate 
and other 
activities
Group
Share of gains (losses) from equity-accounted investments
904
44
(90)
73
(65)
866
Dividends 
 
197
1
5
23
1
227
Net gains (losses) on disposals
 
370
 
1
7
184
562
Other income (expense), net
 
186
(12)
12
4
5
195
 
1,657
33
(72)
107
125
1,850
95
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Change
Share of gains (losses) from equity-accounted investments
866
1,336
1,841
(470)
Dividends 
227
255
351
(28)
Net gains (losses) on disposals
562
430
483
132
Other income (expense), net
195
423
2,789
(228)
Income (expense) from investments
1,850
2,444
5,464
(594)
In 2024, income taxes decreased by €1,643 million to €3,725 million 
and included €1 billion in revaluation of deferred tax assets, reflecting 
the improved profitability prospects of the Italian subsidiaries, 
primarily Plenitude and Enilive. On adjusted basis, tax rate was about 
52% (44% in 2023), increasing due to the prevailing effect of the 
upstream high taxation in foreign jurisdictions and a reduced pre-tax 
contribution of other sectors generally operating in OECD jurisdiction 
with lower tax rates than E&P.
RESULTS BY BUSINESS SEGMENTS1
INCOME TAXES
EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Proforma adjusted EBIT
 
13,022
13,538
21,062
(516)
(3.8)
of which: main JV/Associates
 
3,802
3,414
4,431
388
11
Operating profit (loss) of subsidiaries
 
6,715
8,693
16,158
(1,978)
(22.8)
Exclusion of special items:
 
2,505
1,431
473
 
 
- environmental charges
 
9
81
30
 
 
- impairment losses (impairment reversals), net
 
2,203
1,043
432
 
 
- impairment of exploration projects
 
140
 
2
 
 
- net gains on disposal of assets
 
(25)
2
(27)
 
 
- provision for redundancy incentives
 
21
42
36
 
 
- risk provisions
 
9
7
34
 
 
- commodity derivatives
 
(1)
15
15
 
 
- exchange rate differences and derivatives
 
22
73
(104)
 
 
- other
 
127
168
55
 
 
Adjusted operating profit (loss) of subsidiaries
 
9,220
10,124
16,631
(904)
(8.9)
Adjusted profit (loss) before taxes
 
10,247
11,239
18,393
(992)
(8.8)
Tax rate (%)
 
53.4
49.7
40.4
 3.7
 
Adjusted net profit (loss) 
 
4,777
5,648
10,957
(871)
(15.4)
Results also include:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exploration expenses:
 
741
687
605
54
7.9
‐ prospecting, geological and geophysical expenses
 
186
205
220
(19)
(9.3)
‐ write‐off of unsuccessful wells(a)
 
555
482
385
73
15.1
Average realizations
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquids(b)
($/bbl)
74.09
75.28
92.49
(1.44)
(1.8)
Natural gas
($/kcf)
273.02
287.49
366.6
(14.47)
(5.0)
Hydrocarbons
($/boe)
57.56
59.35
73.98
(1.79)
(3.0)
(a) Also includes write‐off of unproved exploration rights, if any, related to projects with negative outcome.
(b) Includes condensates.
(1) Other alternative performance indicators disclosed are accompanied by explanatory notes and tables in line with the guidance provided by ESMA guidelines on alternative performance 
measures (ESMA/2015/1415), published on October 5, 2015. For further information, see the section “Alternative performance measures” of this Annual Report at subsequent pages.
The table below sets forth a breakdown of income/expense from investments:
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
96
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

In 2024, Exploration & Production reported a proforma adjusted 
EBIT of €13,022 million, down by approximately 4% versus 2023, due 
to lower realizations affected by a decrease in crude oil prices in USD 
(the marker Brent was down by 2% compared to 2023) and by lower 
natural gas realizations (down by 5% compared to 2023), partly offset 
by production growth and efficiency gains. The segment reported 
an adjusted net profit of €4,777 million, down by 15% compared to 
2023, mainly due to lower underlying performance, partly offset by 
higher contribution from JVs and associates.
Tax rate increased by 4 percentage points compared to 2023 
reflecting the current mix of geographies weighted down by 
countries with above average rates, as well as higher non-deductible 
expenses.
GLOBAL GAS & LNG PORTFOLIO E POWER
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Proforma adjusted EBIT
1,274
3,599
2,333
(2,325)
(64.6)
- GGP
1,138
3,433
2,063
(2,295)
(66.9)
of which: main JV/Associates
39
186
 
(147)
(79.0)
- Power
136
166
270
(30)
(18.1)
Operating profit (loss) of subsidiaries
(909)
2,626
4,231
(3,535)
..
Exclusion of special items:
2,144
787
(1,898)
 
 
- impairment losses (impairment reversals), net
101
(38)
(66)
 
 
- environmental charges
(3)
1
2
 
 
- provision for redundancy incentives
1
6
6
 
 
- commodity derivatives
1,740
99
(1,981)
 
 
- exchange rate differences and derivatives
228
(105)
239
 
 
- other
77
824
(98)
 
 
Adjusted operating profit (loss) of subsidiaries
1,235
3,413
2,333
(2,178)
(63.8)
Adjusted profit (loss) before taxes
1,272
3,463
2,320
(2,191)
(63.3)
Adjusted net profit (loss) 
787
2,494
1,176
(1,707)
(68.4)
In 2024, the Global Gas & LNG Portfolio segment achieved a proforma 
adjusted EBIT of €1,138 million. The result was down by 67% from 2023, 
which benefitted from one-off effects linked to the outcomes of 
negotiations/settlements as well as a very favourable trading environment.
The Power generation business reported a proforma adjusted EBIT of 
€136 million, lower than €30 million compared to 2023, mainly due to 
higher market scenario. 
The Global Gas & LNG Portfolio and Power segment achieved an 
adjusted net profit of €787 million, compared to a profit of €2,494 
million in 2023.
97
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

ENILIVE AND PLENITUDE
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Proforma adjusted EBITDA
1,910
1,940
2,045
(30)
(1.5)
- Enilive
852
1,013
1,373
(161)
(15.9)
- Plenitude
1,058
927
672
131
14.1
Proforma adjusted EBIT
1,143
1,253
1,473
(110)
(8.8)
- Enilive
539
738
1,128
(199)
(27.0)
of which: main JV/Associates
(32)
(4)
 
(28)
..
- Plenitude
604
515
345
89
17.3
of which: main JV/Associates
(12)
Operating profit (loss) of subsidiaries
1,589
(74)
(450)
1,663
..
Exclusion of inventory holding (gains) losses
112
47
(196)
 
 
Exclusion of special items:
(514)
1,284
2,119
 
 
- environmental charges
38
36
385
 
 
- impairment losses (impairment reversals), net
113
45
60
 
 
- net gains on disposal of assets
(1)
 
(2)
 
 
- risk provisions
2
8
 
 
 
- provision for redundancy incentives
(2)
22
80
 
 
- commodity derivatives
 
(682)
1,142
1,588
 
 
- exchange rate differences and derivatives
(1)
2
(1)
 
 
- other
19
29
9
 
 
Adjusted operating profit (loss) of subsidiaries
1,187
1,257
1,473
(70)
(5.6)
Adjusted profit (loss) before taxes
1,076
1,186
1,445
(110)
(9.3)
Tax rate (%)
32.7
31.8
25.8
0.9
 
Adjusted net profit (loss) 
724
809
1,072
(85)
(10.5)
In 2024, Enilive reported a proforma adjusted EBIT of €539 
million, down by 27% compared to 2023. The biofuels business 
was negatively affected by deteriorated margins, at historic lows, 
impacted by oversupplies pressuring spot HVO prices in the EU and 
lower RIN in North America. That negative trend was partly offset 
by a positive performance of marketing activities at our advanced 
network of service stations.
The business reported a proforma adjusted EBITDA of €852 million, 
compared to €1,013 million in 2023.
In 2024, Plenitude reported a proforma adjusted EBIT of €604 
million, up by 17% compared to 2023, achieved thanks to strong 
results on retail business and the ramp-up in renewable installed 
capacity and related production volumes, confirming our valuable 
integrated business model.
Proforma adjusted EBITDA amounted to €1,058 million compared 
to €927 million in 2023. 
The Enilive and Plenitude segment reported an adjusted net profit 
of €724 million, compared to a profit of €809 million in 2023.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
98
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

In 2024, the Refining business delivered a proforma adjusted Ebit 
of €101 million, compared to a profit of €660 million in 2023 due to 
weaker refining margins and lower throughputs. 
In 2024, the Chemicals business reported a proforma adjusted 
operating loss of €814 million, an increase compared to the loss of 
€614 million incurred in 2023.
This result reflected the decline in demand across all business 
The results of Corporate and Other Activities mainly include costs 
of Eni’s headquarters net of services charged to operational 
companies for the provision of general purposes services, 
administration, 
finance, 
information 
technology, 
human 
resources management, legal affairs, international affairs, as well 
as operational costs of decommissioning activities pertaining 
segments, driven by macro headwinds and comparatively higher 
production costs in Europe vs other geographies, which reduced the 
competitiveness of Versalis productions with respect to the US and 
Asian players.
The Refining and Chemical segment reported a net adjusted loss 
of €449 million, compared to a net adjusted profit of €36 million 
reported in 2023.
to certain businesses which Eni exited, divested or shut down in 
past years, net of the margins of captive subsidiaries providing 
specialized services to the business (insurance, financial, 
recruitment). Furthermore, the results of CCUS and Agribusiness, 
under development, have been included in the “Corporate and 
other activities” reporting segment.
CORPORATE AND OTHER ACTIVITIES
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Proforma adjusted EBIT
(526)
(666)
(686)
140
21.0
of which: main JV/Associates
 
Operating profit (loss) of subsidiaries
(371)
(948)
(1,961)
577
60.9
Exclusion of special items:
(155)
282
1,275
 
 
- environmental charges
(190)
193
1,062
 
 
- impairment losses (impairment reversals), net
28
26
40
 
 
- net gains on disposal of assets
(10)
(4)
(5)
 
 
- risk provisions
 
13
1
 
 
- provision for redundancy incentives
34
57
52
 
 
- exchange rate differences and derivatives
3
3
(3)
 
 
- other
(20)
(6)
128
 
 
Adjusted operating profit (loss) 
(526)
(666)
(686)
140
21.0
Adjusted profit (loss) before taxes
(837)
(866)
(1,451)
29
3.3
Adjusted net profit (loss) 
(586)
(613)
(776)
27
4
REFINING AND CHEMICALS
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Proforma adjusted EBIT
(713)
46
1,161
(759)
..
- Refining
101
660
1,415
(559)
(84.7)
of which: main JV/Associates
177
408
516
(231)
(56.6)
- Chemicals
(814)
(614)
(254)
(200)
(32.6)
Operating profit (loss) of subsidiaries
(1,681)
(2,121)
(606)
440
20.7
Exclusion of inventory holding (gains) losses
95
557
(220)
 
 
Exclusion of special items:
696
1,202
1,471
 
 
- environmental charges
177
337
577
 
 
- impairment losses (impairment reversals), net
455
726
674
 
 
- net gains on disposal of assets
(2)
(9)
(7)
 
 
- risk provisions
33
11
52
 
 
- provision for redundancy incentives
19
31
28
 
 
- commodity derivatives
(1)
(1)
(11)
 
 
- exchange rate differences and derivatives
6
11
18
 
 
- other
9
96
140
 
 
Adjusted operating profit (loss) 
(890)
(362)
645
(528)
..
Adjusted profit (loss) before taxes
(755)
47
1,267
(802)
..
Tax rate (%)
..
23.4
26.5
 
 
Adjusted net profit (loss) 
(449)
36
931
(485)
..
99
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

The summarized Group balance sheet aggregates the amount of 
assets and liabilities derived from the statutory balance sheet in 
accordance with functional criteria which considers the enterprise 
conventionally divided into the three fundamental areas focusing 
on resource investments, operations and financing. Management 
believes that this summarized group balance sheet is useful 
SUMMARIZED GROUP BALANCE SHEET(a)
information in assisting investors to assess Eni’s capital structure 
and to analyze its sources of funds and investments in fixed assets 
and working capital. Management uses the summarized group 
balance sheet to calculate key ratios such as the return on invested 
capital (adjusted ROACE) and the financial soundness/equilibrium 
(gearing and leverage).
(€ million)
December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Change
Fixed assets
 
 
 
Property,  plant and equipment 
59,864
56,299
3,565
Right of use
5,822
4,834
988
Intangible assets
6,434
6,379
55
Inventories - Compulsory stock
1,595
1,576
19
Equity-accounted investments and other investments
15,545
13,886
1,659
Receivables and securities held for operating purposes
1,107
2,335
(1,228)
Net payables related to capital expenditure
(1,364)
(2,031)
667
89,003
83,278
5,725
Net working capital
 
 
 
Inventories 
6,259
6,186
73
Trade receivables
12,562
13,184
(622)
Trade payables
(15,170)
(14,231)
(939)
Net tax assets (liabilities)
144
(2,112)
2,256
Provisions
(15,774)
(15,533)
(241)
Other current assets and liabilities
(2,292)
(892)
(1,400)
(14,271)
(13,398)
(873)
Provisions for employee benefits
(681)
(748)
67
Assets held for sale including related liabilities
225
747
(522)
CAPITAL EMPLOYED, NET
74,276
69,879
4,397
Eni shareholders' equity
52,785
53,184
(399)
Non-controlling interest
2,863
460
2,403
Shareholders’ equity 
55,648
53,644
2,004
Net borrowings before lease liabilities ex IFRS 16
12,175
10,899
1,276
Lease liabilities
6,453
5,336
1,117
- of which Eni working interest
5,837
4,856
981
- of which Joint operators' working interest
616
480
136
Net borrowings post lease liabilities ex IFRS 16
18,628
16,235
2,393
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
74,276
69,879
4,397
(a) For a reconciliation to the statutory statement of cash flow see the paragraph “Reconciliation of Summarized Group Balance Sheet and Statement of Cash Flows to Statutory Schemes”.
As of December 31, 2024, fixed assets (€89,003 million) increased 
by €5,725 million from December 31, 2023, due to capital 
expenditures, the acquisition of the Neptune Energy Group as well 
as positive exchange rate translation differences (the period-end 
exchange rate of EUR vs. USD was 1.039, down 6% compared to 
1.105 as of December 31, 2023), thus increasing the euro book 
values of dollar-denominated assets. These positives were offset 
by the divestment of E&P assets in Nigeria and Alaska and other 
non-strategic assets, as well as DD&A and impairment charges and 
exploration well write-offs.
Net working capital (€14,271 million) decreased by €873 million 
from December 31, 2023. The increase of other current liabilities net 
(€1,400 million) due to fair value changes of derivative instruments 
and the increase of the balance between trade receivables and trade 
payables (down by €1,561 million) were partly offset by decreasing 
in net tax payables.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
100
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(€ million)
2024
2023
Net profit (loss) 
2,764
4,860
Items that are not reclassified to profit or loss in later periods
67
22
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans
8
(31)
Change in the fair value of minor investments with effects to other comprehensive income
62
45
Share of other comprehensive income on equity accounted investments
1
(2)
Taxation
(4)
10
Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss in later periods
2,348
(1,573)
Currency translation differences
3,066
(2,010)
Change in the fair value of cash flow hedging derivatives
(912)
541
Share of "Other comprehensive income" on equity accounted investments
(69)
54
Taxation 
263
(158)
Total other items of comprehensive income (loss)
2,415
(1,551)
Total comprehensive income (loss)
5,179
3,309
attributable to:
 
 
- Eni's shareholders
4,962
3,220
- Non-controlling interest
217
89
(€ million)
Shareholders' equity at January 1, 2023
 
 
55,230 
Total comprehensive income (loss)
 
3,309 
 
Dividends distributed to Eni's shareholders
 
(3,005)
 
Dividends distributed by consolidated subsidiaries
 
(36)
 
Coupon of perpetual subordinated bonds
 
(138)
 
Buy-back program
 
(1,837)
 
Issue of convertible bond
 
79 
 
Taxes on hybrid bond coupon
 
40 
 
Other changes
 
2 
 
Total changes
 
 
(1,586)
Shareholders' equity at December 31, 2023
 
 
53,644 
attributable to:
 
 
 
- Eni's shareholders
 
 
53,184 
- Non-controlling interest
 
 
460 
 
 
 
Shareholders' equity at January 1, 2024
 
 
53,644 
Total comprehensive income (loss)
 
5,179 
 
Dividends distributed to Eni's shareholders
 
(3,067)
 
Dividends distributed by consolidated subsidiaries
 
(50)
 
Issue of convertible hybrid bond
1,848 
 
Coupon of perpetual subordinated bonds
 
(138)
 
Put option on Plenitude
(387)
 
Buy-back program
 
(2,003)
 
Plenitude operation - disposal to EIP
 
588 
 
Costs for the issue of perpetual hybrid bonds
(21)
 
Taxes on hybrid bond coupon
 
36 
 
Other changes
 
19 
 
Total changes
 
 
2,004 
Shareholders' equity at December 31, 2024
 
 
55,648 
attributable to:
 
 
 
- Eni's shareholders
 
 
52,785 
- Non-controlling interest
 
 
2,863 
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Shareholders’ equity (€55,648 million) increased by €2,004 million 
from January 1, 2024, due to the net profit for the year (€2,764 
million), the issuance of a hybrid bond by a Group subsidiary 
(€1,848 million) for the financing of an investment project, classified 
under non-controlling interest, positive foreign currency translation 
differences (about €3,066 million) reflecting the appreciation of 
the USD vs. EUR, offset by shareholders remuneration of €5 billion 
(dividend distribution and share buy-backs).
101
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(€ million)
December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Change
Total finance debt
 
30,348
28,729
1,619
- Short-term debt
 
8,820
7,013
1,807
- Long-term debt
 
21,528
21,716
(188)
Cash and cash equivalents
 
(8,183)
(10,193)
2,010
Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss
 
(6,797)
(6,782)
(15)
Financing receivables held for non-operating purposes(a)
 
(3,193)
(855)
(2,338)
Net borrowings before lease liabilities ex IFRS 16
 
12,175
10,899
1,276
Lease Liabilities 
 
6,453
5,336
1,117
- of which Eni working interest
 
5,837
4,856
981
- of which Joint operators' working interest
 
616
480
136
Net borrowings post lease liabilities ex IFRS 16
 
18,628
16,235
2,393
Shareholders' equity including non-controlling interest
 
55,648
53,644
2,004
Leverage before lease liability ex IFRS 16
 
0.22
0.20
(0.02)
Leverage after lease liability ex IFRS 16
 
0.33
0.30
(0.03)
(a) From January 1, 2024, as part of the Eni satellite model, which envisages increasing autonomy for unconsolidated companies, the financing granted to certain joint ventures of €1,339, previously classified as fixed capital, has 
been reclassified under the item “long-term financial receivables,” given the exposure to the sole credit risk of the counterparty.
Leverage is a measure used by management to assess the Company’s 
level of indebtedness. It is calculated as a ratio of net borrowings which 
is calculated by excluding cash and cash equivalents and certain very 
liquid assets from financial debt to shareholders’ equity, including 
NET BORROWINGS AND LEVERAGE
non-controlling interest. Management periodically reviews leverage in 
order to assess the soundness and efficiency of the Group balance 
sheet in terms of optimal mix between net borrowings and net equity, 
and to carry out benchmark analysis with industry standards.
As of December 31, 2024, net borrowings were €18,628 million 
increasing by €2,393 million from December 31, 2023. Total finance 
debt of €30,348 million consisted of €8,820 million of short-term 
debt (including the portion of long-term debt due within twelve 
months of €4,582 million) and €21,528 million of long-term debt.
When excluding the lease liabilities, net borrowings were re-
determined at €12,175 million increasing by €1,276 million from 
December 31, 2023. 
Leverage2 – the ratio of the borrowings to total equity – was 0.22 
at December 31, 2024.
(2) Other alternative performance indicators disclosed are accompanied by explanatory notes and tables in line with guidance provided by ESMA guidelines on alternative performance 
measures (ESMA/2015/1415), published on October 5, 2015. For further information, see the section “Alternative performance measures” of this Annual Report at subsequent pages.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
102
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

SUMMARIZED GROUP CASH FLOW STATEMENT
Eni’s Summarized Group Cash Flow Statement derives from 
the statutory statement of cash flows. It enables investors to 
understand the connection existing between changes in cash and 
cash equivalents (deriving from the statutory cash flows statement) 
and in net borrowings (deriving from the summarized cash flow 
statement) that occurred in the reporting period. The measure which 
links the two statements is represented by the “free cash flow” which 
is calculated as difference between the cash flow generated from 
operations and the net cash used in investing activities. Starting from 
free cash flow it is possible to determine either: (i) changes in cash 
and cash equivalents for the period by adding/deducting cash flows 
relating to financing debts/receivables (issuance/repayment of debt 
and receivables related to financing activities), shareholders’ equity 
(dividends paid, net repurchase of own shares, capital issuance) 
and the effect of changes in consolidation and of exchange rate 
differences; and (ii) change in net borrowings for the period by 
adding/deducting cash flows relating to shareholders’ equity and the 
effect of changes in consolidation and of exchange rate differences.
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Change
Net profit (loss)
2,764
4,860
13,961
(2,096)
Adjustments to reconcile net profit (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
- depreciation, depletion and amortization and other non monetary items
9,951
7,781
4,369
2,170
- net gains on disposal of assets
(601)
(441)
(524)
(160)
- dividends, interests, taxes and other changes
4,246
5,596
8,611
(1,350)
Changes in working capital related to operations
1,286
1,811
(1,279)
(525)
Dividends received by investments
1,946
2,255
1,545
(309)
Taxes paid
(5,826)
(6,283)
(8,488)
457
Interests (paid) received
(674)
(460)
(735)
(214)
Net cash provided by operating activities 
13,092
15,119
17,460
(2,027)
Capital expenditure
(8,485)
(9,215)
(8,056)
730
Investments and purchase of consolidated subsidiaries and businesses
(2,593)
(2,592)
(3,311)
(1)
Disposals of consolidated subsidiaries, businesses, tangible and intangible assets and 
investments
2,788
596
1,202
2,192
Other cash flow related to investing activities
(996)
(348)
2,361
(648)
Free cash flow
3,806
3,560
9,656
246
Net cash inflow (outflow) related to financial activities
(531)
2,194
786
(2,725)
Changes in short and long-term financial debt
(1,293)
315
(2,569)
(1,608)
Repayment of lease liabilities
(1,205)
(963)
(994)
(242)
Dividends paid and changes in non-controlling interests and reserves
(4,522)
(4,882)
(4,841)
360
Net issue (repayment) of perpetual hybrid bond
1,640
(138)
(138)
1,778
Effect of changes in consolidation and exchange differences of cash and cash equivalent 
83
(62)
16
145
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENT
(2,022)
24
1,916
(2,046)
Adjusted net cash before changes in working capital at replacement cost
13,590
16,498
20,380
(2,908)
CHANGE IN NET BORROWINGS
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Change
Free cash flow
3,806
3,560
9,656
246
Repayment of lease liabilities
(1,205)
(963)
(994)
(242)
Net borrowings of acquired companies
(631)
(234)
(512)
(397)
Net borrowings of divested companies
 
(155)
142
155
Exchange differences on net borrowings and other changes
(364)
(1,061)
(1,352)
697
Dividends paid and changes in non-controlling interest and reserves
(4,522)
(4,882)
(4,841)
360
Net issue (repayment) of perpetual hybrid bond
1,640
(138)
(138)
1,778
CHANGE IN NET BORROWINGS BEFORE LEASE LIABILITIES
(1,276)
(3,873)
1,961
2,597
Repayment of lease liabilities
1,205
963
994
242
Inception of new leases and other changes
(2,322)
(1,348)
(608)
(974)
Change in lease liabilities
(1,117)
(385)
386
(732)
CHANGE IN NET BORROWINGS AFTER LEASE LIABILITIES
(2,393)
(4,258)
2,347
1,865
(a) For a reconciliation to the statutory statement of cash flow see the paragraph “Reconciliation of Summarized Group Balance Sheet and Statement of Cash Flows to Statutory Schemes”.
SUMMARIZED GROUP CASH FLOW STATEMENT(a)
103
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Net cash provided by operating activities in the 2024 amounted to 
€13,092 million, a decrease of €2,027 million compared to 2023. It 
included €1,946 million of dividends from investments, mainly Azule 
Energy, Vår Energi and Adnoc R&T.
Cash flow from operating activities before changes in working 
capital at replacement cost was €13,590 million in 2024 and was 
net of the following items: inventory holding gains or losses relating 
to oil and products, the reversing timing difference between gas 
inventories accounted at weighted average cost and management’s 
own measure of performance leveraging inventories to optimize 
margin, the fair value of commodity derivatives lacking the formal 
criteria to be designated as hedges or prorated on an accrual basis, 
as well as other items including the payment of a past tax debt 
related to an Italian windfall tax for 2023.
Net financial borrowings before IFRS 16 increased by around €1.3 
billion as the main cash inflows of adjusted operating cash flow 
(€13.6 billion), issuance of a hybrid bond (€1.8 billion) and net cash 
inflow (€0.2 billion) related to divestments and acquisitions were 
more than offset by adjusted working capital needs (around €0.4 
billion), capex requirements of €8.8 billion, dividend payments to 
Eni’s shareholders and share repurchases of €5.1 billion (€2 billion 
of share repurchases and €3.1 billion of dividends relating to the 
third and fourth instalments of the 2023 dividend, and the first and 
second tranches of the 2024 dividend), payables due to suppliers 
in connection with expenditures to purchase plant and equipment 
(€2.2 billion) classified as finance debt due to deferral of payments 
terms, as well as the payment of lease liabilities and hybrid bond 
interest and other changes (€0.4 billion). 
A reconciliation of cash flow from operations before changes 
in working capital at replacement cost to net cash provided 
by operating activities for the full year of 2024, 2023 and 2022 is 
provided below:
(€ million) 
2024
2023
2022
Change
Net cash provided by operating activities
13,092
15,119
17,460
(2,027)
Changes in working capital related to operations
(1,286)
(1,811)
1,279
525
Exclusion of commodity derivatives
1,056
1,255
(389)
(199)
Exclusion of inventory holding (gains) losses
434
562
(564)
(128)
Provisions for extraordinary credit losses and other charges
294
1,373
2,594
(1,079)
Adjusted net cash before changes in working capital at replacement cost 
13,590
16,498
20,380
(2,908)
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE AND INVESTMENTS
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Change
% Ch.
Exploration & Production
6,055
7,135
6,252
(1,080)
(15.1)
-  acquisition of proved and unproved properties
 
 
260
 
 
-  exploration
433
784
708
(351)
(44.8)
-  oil and gas development
5,564
6,293
5,238
(729)
(11.6)
-  other expenditure
58
58
46
 
 
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio and Power
110
119
173
(9)
(7.6)
-  Global Gas & LNG Portfolio
20
16
23
4 
25.0 
 -  Power
90
103
150
(13)
(12.6)
Enilive and Plenitude
1,303
1,064
754
239
22.5
-  Enilive
416
428
273
(12)
(2.8)
 -  Plenitude
887
636
481
251 
39.5 
Refining and Chemicals
632
556
605
76
13.7
 - Refining
422
369
350
53 
14.4 
 - Chemicals
210
187
255
23 
12.3 
Corporate and other activities
408
360
276
48
13.3
Impact of unrealized intragroup profit elimination
(23)
(19)
(4)
 
(21.1)
Capital expenditure(a)
8,485
9,215
8,056
(730)
(7.9)
Investments and purchase of consolidated subsidiaries and businesses
2,593
2,592
3,311
1
0.0
Total capex and investments and purchase of consolidated subsidiaries and 
businesses
11,078
11,807
11,367
(729)
(6.2)
(a) Expenditures to purchase plant and equipment  whose payment terms matched classification as financing payables, have been recognized among other changes of the reclassified cash flow statements and are not reported in 
the table above (€ 2,172 million in 2024).
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
104
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Cash outflows for acquisitions net of divestments were €11,078 
million, down by 6.2% compared to 2023. Investments and purchase 
of consolidated subsidiaries and businesses amounted to €2,593 
million and mainly related to the acquisition of the upstream operator 
Neptune Energy, the development of renewable energy capacity by 
Plenitude, a service stations network in Spain, partly offset by the 
sale of E&P assets in Nigeria and onshore Alaska, 10% of Saipem’s 
stake, production licenses in Congo, as well as a capital contribution 
to Plenitude of approximately €0.6 billion due to the finalization of the 
agreement with the EIP fund, which acquired a minority stake of 7.6%. 
In 2024, capital expenditure amounted to €8,485 million (€9,215 
million in 2023), decreasing by 7.9% and mainly relating to:
•	the development of hydrocarbon fields (€6,055 million) particularly 
in Côte d’Ivoire, Congo, Italy, Egypt, Iraq, Libya, Indonesia, Algeria, 
Kazakhstan and the United Arab Emirates;
•	in the Enilive and Plenitude segment, Plenitude’s capital expenditure 
(€887 million) mainly related to development activities in the 
renewable business, acquisition of new customers, as well as 
development of electric vehicles network, while Enilive capital 
expenditure (€416 million) were related to marketing activity, net 
development investments and food and non-oil activities as well 
as for regulation compliance and stay-in-business initiatives in the 
retail network in Italy and in the rest of Europe, biorefineries and 
biomethane activities, as well as HSE initiatives;
•	in the Refining and Chemicals segment mainly related to traditional 
refining in Italy (€422 million) relating to the new Livorno biorefinery, 
maintenance and stay-in-business and in the chemical business 
(€210 million) to circular economy and asset integrity;
•	the Corporate’s capital expenditure was mainly addressed to the 
CCUS and agro-biofeedstock projects (€184 million).
105
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Management evaluates underlying business performance on the 
basis of Non-GAAP financial measures, which are not provided by IFRS 
(“Alternative performance measures”), such as adjusted operating 
profit, adjusted net profit, which are arrived at by excluding from 
reported results certain gains and losses, defined special items, which 
include, among others, asset impairments, including impairments of 
deferred tax assets, gains on disposals, risk provisions, restructuring 
charges, the accounting effect of fair-valued derivatives used to 
hedge exposure to the commodity, exchange rate and interest rate 
risks, which lack the formal criteria to be accounted as hedges, and 
analogously evaluation effects of assets and liabilities utilized in a 
relation of natural hedge of the above mentioned market risks.
Furthermore, in determining the business segments’ adjusted results, 
finance charges on finance debt and interest income are excluded 
(see below). In determining adjusted results, inventory holding gains 
or losses are excluded from base business performance, which is the 
difference between the cost of sales of the volumes sold in the period 
based on the cost of supplies of the same period and the cost of 
sales of the volumes sold calculated using the weighted average cost 
method of inventory accounting as required by IFRS, except in those 
business segments where inventories are utilized as a lever to optimize 
margins. Finally, the same special charges/gains are excluded from 
the Eni’s share of results at JVs and other equity accounted entities, 
including any profit/loss on inventory holding.
Management is disclosing Non-GAAP measures of performance to 
facilitate a comparison of base business performance across periods, 
and to allow financial analysts to evaluate Eni’s trading performance 
on the basis of their forecasting models.
Non-GAAP financial measures should be read together with 
information determined by applying IFRS and do not stand in for them. 
Other companies may adopt different methodologies to determine 
Non-GAAP measures. 
Follows the description of the main alternative performance measures 
adopted by Eni. The measures reported below refer to the performance 
of the reporting periods disclosed in this press release:
Adjusted operating and net profit - Adjusted operating and net 
profit are determined by excluding inventory holding gains or losses, 
special items and, in determining the business segments’ adjusted 
results, finance charges on finance debt and interest income. The 
adjusted operating profit of each business segment reports gains 
and losses on derivative financial instruments entered into to manage 
exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates, which 
impact industrial margins and translation of commercial payables and 
receivables. Accordingly, also currency translation effects recorded 
through profit and loss are reported within business segments’ adjusted 
operating profit. The taxation effect of the items excluded from adjusted 
operating or net profit is determined based on the specific rate of taxes 
applicable to each of them. Finance charges or income related to net 
borrowings excluded from the adjusted net profit of business segments 
are comprised of interest charges on finance debt and interest income 
earned on cash and cash equivalents not related to operations. 
Therefore, the adjusted net profit of business segments includes finance 
charges or income deriving from certain segment operated assets, i.e., 
interest income on certain receivable financing and securities related 
to operations and finance charge pertaining to the accretion of certain 
provisions recorded on a discounted basis (as in the case of the asset 
retirement obligations in the Exploration & Production segment).
Inventory holding gain or loss - This is the difference between the 
cost of sales of the volumes sold in the period based on the cost of 
supplies of the same period and the cost of sales of the volumes 
sold calculated using the weighted average cost method of inventory 
accounting as required by IFRS.
Special items - These include certain significant income or charges 
pertaining to either: (i) infrequent or unusual events and transactions, 
being identified as non-recurring items under such circumstances; 
(ii) certain events or transactions which are not considered to be 
representative of the ordinary course of business, as in the case of 
environmental provisions, restructuring charges, asset impairments 
or write ups and gains or losses on divestments even though they 
occurred in past periods or are likely to occur in future ones. Exchange 
rate differences and derivatives relating to industrial activities and 
commercial payables and receivables, particularly exchange rate 
derivatives to manage commodity pricing formulas which are quoted 
in a currency other than the functional currency are reclassified in 
operating profit with a corresponding adjustment to net finance charges, 
notwithstanding the handling of foreign currency exchange risks is made 
centrally by netting off naturally-occurring opposite positions and then 
dealing with any residual risk exposure in the derivative market. Finally, 
special items include the accounting effects of fair-valued commodity 
derivatives relating to commercial exposures, in addition to those which 
lack the criteria to be designed as hedges, also those which are not 
eligible for the own use exemption, including the ineffective portion of 
cash flow hedges, as well as the accounting effects of commodity and 
exchange rates derivatives whenever it is deemed that the underlying 
transaction is expected to occur in future reporting periods.
Correspondently, special charges/gains also include the evaluation 
effects relating to assets/liabilities utilized in a natural hedge relation 
to offset a market risk, as in the case of accrued currency differences 
at finance debt denominated in a currency other than the reporting 
currency, where the cash outflows for the reimbursement are matched 
by highly probable cash inflows in the same currency. The deferral 
of both the unrealized portion of fair-valued commodity and other 
derivatives and evaluation effects are reversed to future reporting 
periods when the underlying transaction occurs.
As provided for in Decision No. 15519 of July 27, 2006 of the Italian market 
regulator (CONSOB), non-recurring material income or charges are to be 
clearly reported in the management’s discussion and financial tables.
ALTERNATIVE PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (NON-GAAP MEASURES)
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
106
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

EBITDA - Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and 
Amortization, is calculated summing up the operating profit and 
DD&A. Represents the company’s profitability as a result of operations 
management.
Leverage - Leverage is a Non-GAAP measure of the Company’s 
financial condition, calculated as the ratio between net borrowings 
and shareholders’ equity, including non-controlling interest. Leverage 
is the reference ratio to assess the solidity and efficiency of the Group 
balance sheet in terms of incidence of funding sources including third-
party funding and equity as well as to carry out benchmark analysis 
with industry standards.
Gearing - Gearing is calculated as the ratio between net borrowings 
and capital employed net and measures how much of capital 
employed net is financed recurring to third-party funding.
Cash flow from operations before changes in working capital 
at replacement cost - This is defined as net cash provided from 
operating activities before changes in working capital at replacement 
cost. It also excludes certain non-recurring charges such as 
extraordinary credit allowances and, considering the high market 
volatility, changes in the fair value of commodity derivatives lacking the 
formal criteria to be designed as hedges, including derivatives  which 
were not eligible for the own use exemption, the ineffective portion of 
cash flow hedges, as well as the effects of  certain settled commodity 
derivatives whenever it is deemed that the underlying transaction is 
expected to occur in future reporting periods.
Free cash flow - Free cash flow represents the link existing between 
changes in cash and cash equivalents (deriving from the statutory 
cash flows statement) and in net borrowings (deriving from the 
summarized cash flow statement) that occurred from the beginning 
of the period to the end of period. Free cash flow is the cash in excess 
of capital expenditure needs. Starting from free cash flow it is possible 
to determine either: (i) changes in cash and cash equivalents for the 
period by adding/deducting cash flows relating to financing debts/
receivables (issuance/repayment of debt and receivables related 
to financing activities), shareholders’ equity (dividends paid, net 
repurchase of own shares, capital issuance) and the effect of changes 
in consolidation and of exchange rate differences; (ii) changes in net 
borrowings for the period by adding/deducting cash flows relating to 
shareholders’ equity and the effect of changes in consolidation and of 
exchange rate differences.
Net borrowings - Net borrowings is calculated as total finance debt 
less cash, cash equivalents and certain very liquid investments not 
related to operations, including among others non-operating financing 
receivables and securities not related to operations. Financial activities 
are qualified as “not related to operations” when these are not strictly 
related to the business operations.
ROACE Adjusted - Is the return on average capital invested, 
calculated as the ratio between net income before minority interests, 
plus net financial charges on net financial debt, less the related tax 
effect and net average capital employed.
Proforma adjusted EBIT - Is the measure adding the operating 
margin of the equity accounted entities to the adjusted EBIT, 
introduced by the management to reflect the increasing contribution 
from the JV/associates also in connection with the Eni satellite 
model.
Profit per boe - Measures the return per oil and natural gas barrel 
produced. It is calculated as the ratio between Results of operations 
from E&P activities (as defined by FASB Extractive Activities - Oil and 
Gas Topic 932) and production sold.
Opex per boe - Measures efficiency in the Oil & Gas development 
activities, calculated as the ratio between operating costs (as defined 
by FASB Extractive Activities - Oil and Gas Topic 932) and production 
sold.
Finding & Development cost per boe - Represents Finding & 
Development cost per boe of new proved or possible reserves. It is 
calculated as the overall amount of exploration and development 
expenditure, the consideration for the acquisition of possible and 
probable reserves as well as additions of proved reserves deriving 
from improved recovery, extensions, discoveries and revisions of 
previous estimates (as defined by FASB Extractive Activities - Oil and 
Gas Topic 932). The following tables report the group operating profit 
and Group adjusted net profit and their breakdown by segment, as well 
as is represented the reconciliation with net profit attributable to Eni’s 
shareholders of continuing operations.
Coverage - Financial discipline ratio, calculated as the ratio between 
operating profit and net finance charges.
Current ratio - Measures the capability of the company to repay 
short-term debt, calculated as the ratio between current assets and 
current liabilities.
Debt coverage - Rating companies use the debt coverage ratio to 
evaluate debt sustainability. It is calculated as the ratio between net 
cash provided by operating activities and net borrowings, less cash 
and cash-equivalents, securities held for non-operating purposes and 
financing receivables for non-operating purposes.
Debt/EBITDA - Net Debt/adjusted EBITDA is the ratio between the 
profit available to cover the debt before interest, taxes, amortizations 
and impairment. This index is a measure of the company’s ability pay 
off its debt and gives an indication as to how long a company would 
need to operate at its current level to pay off all its debt.
107
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

RECONCILIATION TABLES OF NON-GAAP RESULTS TO THE MOST COMPARABLE MEASURES OF FINANCIAL 
PERFORMANCE DETERMINED IN ACCORDANCE TO GAAPS
2024
(€ million)
Exploration 
& Production
Global Gas & 
LNG Portfolio  
and Power
Enilive and 
Plenitude
Refining and 
Chemicals
Corporate and 
other activities
Impact of 
unrealized
intragroup profit
elimination
Group
Reported operating profit (loss)
6,715
(909)
1,589
(1,681)
(371)
(105)
5,238
Exclusion of inventory holding (gains) losses
 
 
112
95
 
227
434
Exclusion of special items:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- environmental charges
9
(3)
38
177
(190)
 
31
- impairment losses (impairments reversal), net
2,203
101
113
455
28
 
2,900
- impairment of exploration projects
140
 
 
 
 
 
140
- net gains on disposal of assets
(25)
 
(1)
(2)
(10)
 
(38)
- risk provisions
9
 
2
33
 
 
44
- provision for redundancy incentives
21
1
(2)
19
34
 
73
- commodity derivatives
(1)
1,740
(682)
(1)
 
 
1,056
- exchange rate differences and derivatives
22
228
(1)
6
3
 
258
- other
127
77
19
9
(20)
 
212
Special items of operating profit (loss)
2,505
2,144
(514)
696
(155)
 
4,676
Adjusted operating profit (loss) of subsidiaries (a)
9,220
1,235
1,187
(890)
(526)
122
10,348
Main JV/Associates adjusted EBIT (b)
3,802
39
(44)
177
 
 
3,974
Proforma adjusted EBIT (c)=(a)+(b)
13,022
1,274
1,143
(713)
(526)
122
14,322
Finance expenses and dividends of subsidiaries (d)
(171)
(8)
(30)
15
(311)
 
(505)
Finance expenses and dividends of main JV/associates (e)
(389)
17
(37)
(73)
 
 
(482)
Income taxes of main JV/associates (f)
(2,215)
(11)
 
16
 
 
(2,210)
Adjusted net profit (loss) of main JV/associates (g)=(b)+(e)+(f)
1,198
45
(81)
120
 
 
1,282
Adjusted profit (loss) before taxes (h)=(a)+(d)+(g)
10,247
1,272
1,076
(755)
(837)
122
11,125
Income taxes (i)
(5,470)
(485)
(352)
306
251
(42)
(5,792)
Tax rate (%)
 
 
 
 
 
52.1
Adjusted net profit (loss) (j)=(h)+(i)
4,777
787
724
(449)
(586)
80
5,333
of which:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- non-controlling interest
 
 
 
 
 
 
76
- Eni's shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,257
Reported net profit (loss) attributable to Eni's shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,624
Exclusion of inventory holding (gains) losses 
 
 
 
 
 
 
308
Exclusion of special items
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,325
Adjusted net profit (loss) attributable to Eni's shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,257
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
108
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

RECONCILIATION TABLES OF NON-GAAP RESULTS TO THE MOST COMPARABLE MEASURES OF FINANCIAL 
PERFORMANCE DETERMINED IN ACCORDANCE TO GAAPS
2023
(€ million)
Exploration 
& Production
Global Gas & 
LNG Portfolio  
and Power
Enilive and 
Plenitude
Refining and 
Chemicals
Corporate and 
other activities
Impact of 
unrealized
intragroup profit
elimination
Group
Reported operating profit (loss)
8,693
2,626
(74)
(2,121)
(948)
81
8,257
Exclusion of inventory holding (gains) losses
 
 
47
557
 
(42)
562
Exclusion of special items:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- environmental charges
81
1
36
337
193
 
648
- impairment losses (impairments reversal), net
1,043
(38)
45
726
26
 
1,802
- net gains on disposal of assets
2
 
 
(9)
(4)
 
(11)
- risk provisions
7
 
8
11
13
 
39
- provision for redundancy incentives
42
6
22
31
57
 
158
- commodity derivatives
15
99
1,142
(1)
 
 
1,255
- exchange rate differences and derivatives
73
(105)
2
11
3
 
(16)
- other
168
824
29
96
(6)
 
1,111
Special items of operating profit (loss)
1,431
787
1,284
1,202
282
 
4,986
Adjusted operating profit (loss) of subsidiaries (a)
10,124
3,413
1,257
(362)
(666)
39
13,805
Main JV/Associates adjusted EBIT (b)
3,414
186
(4)
408
 
 
4,004
Proforma adjusted EBIT (c)=(a)+(b)
13,538
3,599
1,253
46
(666)
39
17,809
Finance expenses and dividends of subsidiaries (d)
(38)
1
(65)
9
(200)
 
(293)
Finance expenses and dividends of main JV/associates (e)
(186)
15
(2)
 
 
 
(173)
Income taxes of main JV/associates (f)
(2,075)
(152)
 
(8)
 
 
(2,235)
Adjusted net profit (loss) of main JV/associates (g)=(b)+(e)+(f)
1,153
49
(6)
400
 
 
1,596
Adjusted profit (loss) before taxes (h)=(a)+(d)+(g)
11,239
3,463
1,186
47
(866)
39
15,108
Income taxes (i)
(5,591)
(969)
(377)
(11)
253
(13)
(6,708)
Tax rate (%)
 
 
 
 
 
 
44.4
Adjusted net profit (loss) (j)=(h)+(i)
5,648
2,494
809
36
(613)
26
8,400
of which:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- non-controlling interest
 
 
 
 
 
 
78
- Eni's shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
8,322
Reported net profit (loss) attributable to Eni's shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,771
Exclusion of inventory holding (gains) losses 
 
 
 
 
 
 
402
Exclusion of special items
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,149
Adjusted net profit (loss) attributable to Eni's shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
8,322
109
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

RECONCILIATION TABLES OF NON-GAAP RESULTS TO THE MOST COMPARABLE MEASURES OF FINANCIAL 
PERFORMANCE DETERMINED IN ACCORDANCE TO GAAPS
2022
(€ million)
Exploration 
& Production
Global Gas & 
LNG Portfolio  
and Power
Enilive and 
Plenitude
Refining and 
Chemicals
Corporate and 
other activities
Impact of 
unrealized
intragroup profit
elimination
Group
Reported operating profit (loss)
16,158
4,231
(450)
(606)
(1,961)
138
17,510
Exclusion of inventory holding (gains) losses
 
 
(196)
(220)
 
(148)
(564)
Exclusion of special items:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   - environmental charges
30
2
385
577
1,062
 
2,056
   - impairment losses (impairments reversal), net
432
(66)
60
674
40
 
1,140
- impairment of exploration projects
2
 
 
 
 
 
2
   - net gains on disposal of assets
(27)
 
(2)
(7)
(5)
 
(41)
   - risk provisions
34
 
 
52
1
 
87
   - provision for redundancy incentives
36
6
80
28
52
 
202
   - commodity derivatives
15
(1,981)
1,588
(11)
 
 
(389)
   - exchange rate differences and derivatives
(104)
239
(1)
18
(3)
 
149
   - other
55
(98)
9
140
128
 
234
Special items of operating profit (loss)
473
(1,898)
2,119
1,471
1,275
 
3,440
Adjusted operating profit (loss) of subsidiaries (a)
16,631
2,333
1,473
645
(686)
(10)
20,386
main JV/Associates adjusted EBIT (b)
4,431
 
 
516
 
 
4,947
Proforma adjusted EBIT (c)=(a)+(b)
21,062
2,333
1,473
1,161
(686)
(10)
25,333
Finance expenses and dividends of subsidiaries (d)
(2,669)
(13)
(28)
54
(765)
 
(3,421)
Finance expenses and dividends of main JV/associates (e)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income taxes of main JV/associates (f)
 
 
 
52
 
 
52
Adjusted net profit (loss) of main JV/associates (g)=(b)+(e)+(f)
4,431
 
 
568
 
 
4,999
Adjusted profit (loss) before taxes (h)=(a)+(d)+(g)
18,393
2,320
1,445
1,267
(1,451)
(10)
21,964
Income taxes (i)
(7,436)
(1,144)
(373)
(336)
675
6
(8,608)
Tax rate (%)
 
 
 
 
 
 
39.2
Adjusted net profit (loss) (j)=(h)+(i)
10,957
1,176
1,072
931
(776)
(4)
13,356
of which:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- non-controlling interest
 
 
 
 
 
 
55
- Eni's shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
13,301
Reported net profit (loss) attributable to Eni's shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
13,887
Exclusion of inventory holding (gains) losses 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(401)
Exclusion of special items
 
 
 
 
 
 
(185)
Adjusted net profit (loss) attributable to Eni's shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
13,301
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
110
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

RECONCILIATION OF SUMMARIZED GROUP BALANCE SHEET AND STATEMENT
OF CASH FLOWS TO STATUTORY SCHEMES
SUMMARIZED GROUP BALANCE SHEET
December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Items of Summarized Group Balance Sheet
(where not expressly indicated, the item derives directly from the statutory scheme)
(€ million)
Notes to the 
Consolidated 
Financial 
Statement
Amounts from 
statutory 
scheme
Amounts 
of the 
summarized 
Group scheme
Amounts 
from 
statutory 
scheme
Amounts 
of the 
summarized 
Group scheme
Fixed assets
 
 
 
 
 
Property,  plant and equipment 
 
 
59,864
 
56,299
Right of use
 
 
5,822
 
4,834
Intangible assets
 
 
6,434
 
6,379
Inventories - Compulsory stock
 
 
1,595
 
1,576
Equity‐accounted investments and other investments
 
 
15,545
 
13,886
Receivables and securities held for operating activities
(see note 17)
 
1,107
 
2,335
Net payables related to capital expenditure, made up of:
 
 
(1,364)
 
(2,031)
- liabilities for current investment assets
(see note 11)
(56)
 
(36)
 
- liabilities for no current investment assets
(see note 11) 
(40)
 
(65)
 
- receivables related to disposals
(see note 8) 
527
 
200
 
- receivables related to disposals non‐current
(see note 11)
144
 
205
 
- payables for purchase of non-current assets
(see note 18)
(1,939)
 
(2,335)
 
Total fixed assets
 
 
89,003
 
83,278
Net working capital
 
 
 
 
 
Inventories
 
 
6,259
 
6,186
Trade receivables
(see note 8)
 
12,562
 
13,184
Trade payables
(see note 18)
 
(15,170)
 
(14,231)
Net tax assets (liabilities), made up of:
 
 
144
 
(2,112)
- current income tax payables
 
(587)
 
(1,685)
 
- non-current income tax payables
 
(40)
 
(38)
 
- other current tax liabilities
(see note 11)
(1,749)
 
(1,811)
 
- deferred tax liabilities
 
(5,581)
 
(4,702)
 
- other non‐current tax liabilities
(see note 11)
(48)
 
(16)
 
- current income tax receivables
 
695
 
460
 
- non-current income tax receivables
 
129
 
142
 
- other current tax assets
(see note 11)
850
 
915
 
- deferred tax assets
 
6,322
 
4,482
 
- other non‐current tax assets
(see note 11)
147
 
137
 
- receivables for Italian consolidated accounts
(see note 8)
10
 
9
 
- payables for Italian consolidated accounts
(see note 18)
(4)
 
(5)
 
Provisions
 
 
(15,774)
 
(15,533)
Other current assets and liabilities, made up of:
 
 
(2,292)
 
(892)
- short-term financial receivables for operating purposes
(see note 17)
 
 
7
 
- receivables vs. partners for exploration and production activities and other
(see note 8)
3,802
 
3,158
 
- other current assets
(see note 11)
2,812
 
4,722
 
- other receivables and other assets non-current 
(see note 11)
3,678
 
3,051
 
- advances, other payables, payables vs. partners for exploration and production activities and other
(see note 18)
(4,979)
 
(4,083)
 
- other current liabilities
(see note 11)
(3,244)
 
(3,732)
 
- other payables and other liabilities non-current
 
(see note 11)
(4,361)
 
(4,015)
 
Total net working capital
 
 
(14,271)
 
(13,398)
Provisions for employee benefits
 
 
(681)
 
(748)
Assets held for sale including related liabilities
 
 
225
 
747
made up of:
 
 
 
 
 
- assets held for sale
 
 
420
 
2,609
 
- liabilities directly associated with held for sale
 
(195)
 
(1,862)
 
CAPITAL EMPLOYED, NET
 
 
74,276
 
69,879
Shareholders' equity including non‐controlling interest
 
 
55,648
 
53,644
Net borrowings
 
 
 
 
 
Total debt, made up of:
 
 
30,348
 
28,729
‐ long‐term debt
 
21,570
 
21,716
 
‐ current portion of long‐term debt
 
4,582
 
2,921
 
‐ short‐term debt
 
4,238
 
4,092
 
- other non‐current assets
(see note 11)
(42)
 
 
 
less:
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
 
 
(8,183)
 
(10,193)
Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss
 
 
 
(6,797)
 
(6,782)
Financing receivables held for non‐operating purposes
(see note 17)
 
(3,193)
 
(855)
Net borrowings before lease liabilities ex IFRS 16
 
 
12,175
 
10,899
Lease liabilities, made up of:
 
 
6,453
 
5,336
- long‐term lease liabilities
 
5,174
 
4,208
 
- current portion of long‐term lease liabilities
 
1,279
 
1,128
 
Total net borrowings post lease liabilities ex IFRS 16(a)
 
 
18,628
 
16,235
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
 
74,276
 
69,879
(a) For details on net borrowings see also note 20 to the consolidated financial statements.
111
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

2024
2023
Items of Summarized Cash Flow Statement and
confluence/reclassification of items in the statutory scheme
(€ million)
Amounts 
from statutory 
scheme
Amounts of the 
summarized 
Group scheme
Amounts 
from  statutory 
scheme
Amounts of the 
summarized 
Group scheme
Net profit (loss)
 
2,764
 
4.860
Adjustments to reconcile net profit (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation, depletion and amortization and other non monetary items
 
 
9,951
 
7,781
- depreciation, depletion and amortization 
 
7,600
 
7,479
 
- impairment losses (impairment reversals) of tangible, intangible and  right of use, net  
2,900
 
1,802
 
- write-off of tangible and intangible assets
 
580
 
535
 
- share of profit (loss) of equity-accounted investments 
 
(866)
 
(1,336)
 
- other changes
 
(158)
 
(700)
 
- net change in the provisions for employee benefits
 
(105)
 
1
 
Gains on disposal of assets, net
 
 
(601)
 
(441)
Dividends, interests, income taxes and other changes
 
 
4,246
 
5,596
- dividend income 
 
(227)
 
(255)
 
- interest income 
 
(497)
 
(517)
 
- interest expense
 
1,245
 
1,000
 
- income taxes 
 
3,725
 
5,368
 
Cash flow from changes in working capital
 
 
1,286
 
1,811
- inventories
 
68
 
1,792
 
- trade receivables
 
1,145
 
3,322
 
- trade payables
 
110
 
(4,823)
 
- provisions for contingencies
 
(87)
 
97
 
- other assets and liabilities
 
50
 
1,423
 
Dividends received
 
 
1,946
 
2,255
Income taxes paid, net of tax receivables received
 
 
(5,826)
 
(6,283)
Interests (paid) received
 
 
(674)
 
(460)
- interest received
 
456
 
459
 
- interest paid
 
(1,130)
 
(919)
 
Net cash provided by operating activities 
 
 
13,092
 
15,119
Investing activities
 
 
(8,485)
 
(9,215)
- tangible assets
 
(7,999)
 
(8,739)
 
- intangible assets
 
(486)
 
(476)
 
Investments and purchase of consolidated subsidiaries and businesses
 
 
(2,593)
 
(2,592)
‐ investments
 
(798)
 
(1,315)
 
‐ consolidated subsidiaries and businesses net of cash and cash equivalent acquired 
(1,795)
 
(1,277)
 
Disposals
 
 
2,788
 
596
- tangible assets
 
1,354
 
122
 
- intangible assets
 
21
 
32
 
- Consolidated subsidiaries and businesses net of cash and cash equivalent 
disposed of
 
887
 
395
 
- investments
 
526
 
47
 
Other cash flow related to capital expenditure, investments and disposals
 
 
(996)
 
(348)
- prepaid right of use
 
(5)
 
 
 
‐ investment of securities and financing receivables held for operating purposes
 
(185)
 
(388)
 
‐ change in payables in relation to investing activities
 
(514)
 
(209)
 
‐ disposal of securities and financing receivables held for operating purposes
 
69
 
32
 
‐ change in receivables in relation to disposals
 
(361)
 
217
 
Free cash flow
 
 
3,806
 
3,560
SUMMARIZED GROUP CASH FLOW STATEMENT
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(continued) SUMMARIZED GROUP CASH FLOW STATEMENT
2024
2023
Items of Summarized Cash Flow Statement and
confluence/reclassification of items in the statutory scheme
(€ million)
Amounts 
from statutory 
scheme
Amounts of the 
summarized 
Group scheme
Amounts 
from  statutory 
scheme
Amounts of the 
summarized 
Group scheme
Free cash flow
 
 
3,806
 
3,560
Borrowings (repayment) of debt related to financing activities
 
 
(531)
 
2,194
- net change of securities and financing receivables held for non-operating purposes  
(531)
 
2,194
 
Changes in short and long‐term finance debt
 
 
(1,293)
 
315
- increase in long-term debt 
 
3,516
 
4,971
 
- repayments of long-term debt
 
(4,748)
 
(3,161)
 
- increase (decrease) in short-term debt
 
(61)
 
(1,495)
 
Repayment of lease liabilities
 
 
(1,205)
 
(963)
Dividends paid and changes in non‐controlling interest and reserves
 
 
(4,522)
 
(4,882)
‐ capital issuance from non-controlling interest
 
589
 
(16)
 
- net purchase of treasury shares
 
(2,012)
 
(1,803)
 
- acquisition of additional interests in consolidated subsidiaries 
 
 
 
(60)
 
‐ dividends paid to Eni's shareholders
 
(3,068)
 
(3,046)
 
‐ dividends paid to non‐controlling interest
 
(45)
 
(36)
 
‐ other contributions
 
14
 
79
 
Net issue (repayment) of perpetual hybrid bond
 
 
1,640
 
(138)
- issue of perpetual subordinated bonds
 
1,778
 
 
 
- coupon of perpetual subordinated bonds
 
(138)
 
(138)
 
Effect of changes in consolidation, exchange differences and cash and cash equivalent  
 
83
 
(62)
- effect of exchange rate changes and other changes
 
83
 
(62)
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalent
 
 
(2,022)
 
24
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ENI IS EXPOSED TO THE EFFECTS  
OF CHANGING COMMODITY PRICES 
AND MARGINS
Eni is primarily in a commodities business that by nature is 
exposed to the price volatility of the relevant commodities. The 
most significant factor that affects the Company’s results of 
operations is the price of crude oil,  which can be influenced by 
general economic conditions and level of economic growth, 
including low or negative growth; industry production and inventory 
levels; technology advancements, including those in pursuit of a 
lower carbon economy; greenhouse gas emissions and climate 
change; production quotas or other actions that might be imposed 
by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) or 
other producers; weather-related damage and disruptions due to 
other natural or human causes beyond Eni’s control; competing 
fuel prices; geopolitical risks; the pace of energy transition; 
customer and consumer preferences and the use of substitutes; 
and governmental regulations, policies and other actions regarding 
the development of oil and gas reserves. Eni evaluates the risk of 
changing commodity prices as a core part of its business planning 
process and resource allocation. An investment in the Company 
carries significant exposure to fluctuations in global crude oil 
prices. In the short term, crude oil prices are mainly determined 
by the balance between global oil supply and demand, the global 
levels of commercial inventories and producing countries’ spare 
capacity, as well as by expectations of financial operators who trade 
crude oil derivatives contracts (futures and options) influencing 
short-term price movements via their positioning. A downturn in 
economic activity normally triggers lower global demand for crude 
oil and possibly oversupplies and inventories build-up, because in 
the short-term producers are unable to quickly adapt to swings in 
demand. Whenever global supplies of crude oil exceeds demand, 
crude oil prices decrease. In the short-term, global demand for 
crude oil is influenced by macroeconomic trends in large consuming 
countries (such as China, India and the United States) as well as 
any financial crisis, inflation and interest rates, geo-political crisis, 
local conflicts, wars, strikes, attacks, sabotages (particularly in the 
crude oil-rich area of Middle East), social and political instability, 
pandemic diseases, the flows of international commerce, trade 
disputes and governments’ fiscal policies, extreme weather 
events and natural disruptions, among others.  In the long-term, 
demand for crude oil may be negatively affected by development 
of alternative energy sources (e.g., nuclear and renewables), 
technological breakthroughs, shifts in consumer preferences, 
and measures and other initiatives adopted by governments to 
Risk factors and uncertainties
tackle climate change and to curb carbon-dioxide emissions (CO2 
emissions), including stricter regulations and control on production 
and consumption of crude oil. Eni’s management believes the push 
to reduce worldwide greenhouse gas emissions and the ongoing 
energy transition towards a low carbon economy could materially 
affect the worldwide energy mix and may lead to structural lower 
crude oil demands and prices. See the risk factor titled “Rising 
concerns about climate change and the effects of the energy 
transition could lead to a decline in demand for hydrocarbons and 
potentially lower prices. Climate change could also have a physical 
impact on our assets and supply chains. This risk may also lead 
to additional legal and/or regulatory measures, resulting in project 
delays or cancellations, potential additional litigation, operational 
restrictions, and additional compliance obligations and expenses” 
below.  Notwithstanding the United States is the first oil producer 
in the world since the shale oil revolution of 2011, in the short-term 
the global balance between oil supply and demand is controlled to 
a large degree by the OPEC and its allied countries, among them 
Russia and Kazakhstan, known as the OPEC+ alliance, which have 
signed a declaration of cooperation (“DoC”) few years ago, designed 
to manage production through quotas and voluntary production 
cuts to help stabilize crude oil prices. Countries adhering to the 
DoC are currently estimated to hold a spare capacity of 5-6 million 
bbl/day, as per market sources, representing about 5-6% of the 
world crude oil and natural gas liquids supply. This poses a material 
risk to the outlook of crude oil prices because there is no guarantee 
that the cooperation among OPEC+ producers will continue in the 
future. In case the DoC countries decide to end the agreement in 
place and to produce based on each respective available capacity, 
given the demand outlook, crude oil prices are likely to weaken 
materially.
 The drivers of prices and demand for natural gas are similar to those 
of crude oil. The development of massive liquefaction capacity that 
has occurred in recent years in countries like the United States, 
Qatar and Australia has helped to develop a global liquid market of 
natural gas, with traders being able to redirect LNG volumes from 
one geography to another based on price arbitrages. Differently 
from crude oil, the absolute levels of natural gas prices change from 
region to region due to specific supply dynamics (e.g. in 2024 the 
price of natural gas in the United States was one fifth that of Europe, 
because Europe is a net importer, whilst the United States is currently 
an oversupplied market due to growing domestic production), while 
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consumption of natural gas is significantly exposed to seasonal 
patterns and competition from renewables. All those trends may 
result in a higher degree of volatility in natural gas prices compared 
to crude oil. In 2024, natural gas prices in Europe fell by a significant 
amount due to continuing production growth in the United States, 
weak industrial demand in Europe and China and high levels on 
inventories to meet the expected seasonal winter demand peak in 
the Northern hemisphere. The outlook for natural gas prices in the 
short to medium term is compounded by expectations of material 
additions of LNG production capacity in the United States and Qatar 
and rising competition from renewables. In the long-term, demand 
for natural gas is exposed to the risks of the transition to a low-
carbon economy.
The volatility of hydrocarbon prices significantly affects the Group’s 
financial performance. Lower hydrocarbon prices negatively affect 
the Group’s consolidated results of operations and cash flow; while 
the opposite effect is caused by a rise in prices. This is because lower 
prices translate into lower revenues recognized in the Company’s 
Exploration & Production segment at the time of the price change, 
whereas expenses in this segment are either fixed or less sensitive 
to changes in crude oil prices than revenues. However, the same 
relative change in the crude oil price yields a considerably larger 
impact at the Group’s results of operations and cash flow than the 
natural gas price. This is because a significant portion of natural gas 
production volumes are marketed at fixed prices or are indexed to 
the price of crude oil.
In 2024, hydrocarbons prices declined by 2.2 % and 14% respectively 
for the Brent crude oil and the European spot price of natural gas, 
reduced Exploration & Production operating profit by an estimated 
amount of €0.7 billion.
Finally, movements in hydrocarbon prices significantly affect the 
reportable amount of production and proved reserves under our 
production sharing agreements (“PSAs”), which represented 57% of 
our proved reserves as of end of 2024. The entitlement mechanism 
of PSAs foresees the Company is entitled to a portion of a field’s 
reserves, the sale of which is intended to cover expenditures 
incurred by the Company to develop and operate the field. The 
higher the reference prices for Brent crude oil used to estimate 
Eni’s proved reserves, the lower the number of barrels necessary 
to recover the same amount of expenditure, and vice versa. In 
2024 our reported production and reserves were increased by an 
estimated amount of respectively 2 kboe/d and by 30 mmboe 
due to a decreased Brent reference price. Considering the current 
portfolio of oil&gas assets, the Company estimates its production 
to vary by up to 1 kboe/d for each one-dollar change in the price of 
the Brent crude oil.
Eni’s Refining and Chemical businesses are in cyclical economic 
sectors. Their results are impacted by trends in the supply and 
demand of oil products and commodity plastics, which are influenced 
by macro-economic variables and by competitive dynamics which 
ultimately determine the level of products prices. Margins for refined 
and chemical products depend upon the speed at which products’ 
prices adjust to reflect movements in oil prices. All these risks may 
adversely and materially impact the Group’s results of operations, 
cash flow, liquidity, business prospects, financial condition, and 
shareholders returns, including dividends, the amount of funds 
available for stock repurchases and the price of Eni’s share.
There are growing systemic risks to the macroeconomic 
outlook in connection with the persistence of Russia’s military 
invasion of Ukraine, peril of escalation in the tense situation in 
the Middle East and the deteriorating commercial relationships 
between the United States and China. Those risks could derail 
the macroeconomic recovery, and this could negatively affect 
demand for hydrocarbon.
The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has been ongoing since 
February 2022, when Russian military forces invaded Ukraine. This 
conflict has negatively impacted the global economy and triggered 
an energy crisis in Europe as well as a downturn in industrial activity, 
given the disruption in the political relationships between Western 
Countries and Russia, in the supply chains as well as an increase 
in cybersecurity threats. In response to Russia’s aggression, the 
EU nations, the UK, and the United States have adopted severe 
economic and financial sanctions to curb Russia’s ability to fund 
the war, which are negatively affecting the overall economic activity. 
The conflict in the Gaza strip and in Lebanon involving the Israelis 
forces and Iran-backed Hamas and Hezbollah armed militias is 
often on the verge of a possible escalation and further enlargement 
of the conflict. This situation in the Middle East is a further negative 
factor on the macroeconomic scenario. A prolonged armed conflict 
in those two areas, a possible escalation of the military action, and 
deterioration of US-China commercial relationships pose risks to the 
macroeconomic recovery because they can eventually undermine 
consumers’ confidence and deter investment decisions, thus 
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increasing the risks of a worldwide slowdown or, under a worst-case 
scenario, a global recession. Such developments could negatively 
and significantly affect hydrocarbons demands, leading to lower 
commodity prices and adversely impacting our results of operations 
and cash flow, as well as business prospects, with a possible lower 
remuneration of our shareholders. 
Risks in connection with our presence in Russia and our commercial 
relationships with Russia’s State-owned companies
The most important exposure of Eni to Russia is relating to the 
purchase of natural gas from Russian state-owned company 
Gazprom and its affiliates, based on long-term supply contracts 
with take-or-pay clauses. In the past, the volumes supplied from 
Russia have represented a material amount of our global portfolio 
of natural gas supplies. In 2024, natural gas supplies from Russia 
were marginal, representing 12% of our total purchases of natural 
gas (same as in 2023) as we made no liftings at our contracts with 
Gazprom to serve our customers in European markets or our trading 
activities at European hubs. This situation was due to the unilateral 
decision from our Russian supplier to suspend deliveries to Eni in 
2023, against the backdrop of a commercial dispute between the 
two parties. We intend to continue replacing Russian-origin natural 
gas in our portfolio with gas volumes coming from other suppliers 
and geographies, aiming at terminating the current supply contracts 
with our Russian counterparties in the shortest possible timeframe.  
The Group's business plans have accounted for the assumption of 
zeroing the supplies from Russia, and sales plans have been adapted 
accordingly by limiting sales commitments. To cope with the expected 
reduced availability of Russian natural gas, the Group has increased 
purchases from other geographies through various commercial 
initiatives, such as using contractual flexibilities to increase withdrawals 
from existing long-term contracts or by developing integrated upstream-
midstream projects leveraging equity natural gas reserves and new 
liquefactions capacity. The process of replacing Russian-origin natural 
gas, including terminating existing contracts, may entail operational and 
financial risks which may be significant. Other Eni’s assets in Russia are 
immaterial to the Group results of operations.
There is strong competition worldwide, both within the oil industry 
and with other industries, to supply energy and petroleum products 
to the industrial, commercial, and residential energy markets
The current competitive environment in which Eni operates is 
characterized by volatile prices and margins of energy commodities, 
limited product differentiation and complex relationships with state-
owned companies and national agencies of the countries where 
hydrocarbons reserves are located to obtain mineral rights. On the 
other hand, the Company’s downstream businesses (particularly 
the refining of crude oil to produce fuels and the production of 
petrochemicals) is characterized by lack of technological entry 
barriers, global overcapacity and competition from larger players, 
who can leverage economies of scale due to plants optimal size, 
access to cheap raw materials and lower energy and logistic 
expenses. Furthermore, competition within commodity industries 
is considerably influenced by the economic cycle. Normally an 
economic downturn negatively affects demands for commodities 
leading to a more intense price competition. As commodity prices 
are not within the Eni’s control, Eni’s ability to remain competitive 
and profitable in this environment requires continuous focus on 
technological innovation, efficiencies in operating costs, effective 
management of capital resources and the supply of valuable 
services to energy buyers. It also depends on Eni’s ability to gain 
access to new investment opportunities. Competitive trends 
represent a risk to the profitability of all Eni’s business segment:
•	E&P may be negatively affected by its relatively smaller scale 
compared to other players in the industry;
•	The business of marketing natural gas in the European wholesale 
market managed by the GGP segment is exposed to pricing 
competition and competition from renewables considering 
anticipated weak demand trends in Europe;
•	The businesses of oil refining and production of basic chemical 
products located mainly in Europe are exposed to ongoing 
weak demand trends, overcapacity, competition from players 
with wider scale and cost advantages which are operating 
in geographies characterized by lower energy expenses and 
environmental liabilities compared to Europe, and finally 
growing market penetration by more sustainable products. In 
2024, Eni’s refining business incurred a loss of €674 million 
driven by reduced crack spreads of refined products due to an 
oversupplied market, a subdued US driving season and weak 
manufacturing, construction, and trucking activity, as well as the 
penetration of LNG-fueled trucks negatively affected demands 
for gasoil and fuel oil, particularly in China. Eni’s Chemical 
business incurred an operating loss for the third consecutive 
year (€1,007 million in 2024) due to the above-mentioned 
weak business’s fundamentals which have been exacerbated 
by the comparatively higher energy inputs of manufacturing 
activities in Europe with respect to other geographies following 
the European energy crisis of 2022, which has further reduced 
the competitiveness of the Eni’s chemicals activity against the 
backdrop of macroeconomic headwinds.
•	The business of marketing natural gas and electricity to the retail 
market managed by our subsidiary Plenitude, is exposed to the 
competitive trends of the retail market, which is characterized 
by an almost complete deregulation, a high number of suppliers, 
low entry barriers, and customers’ ability to switch readily from 
one supplier to another. The same applies to retail marketing of 
fuels which is managed by our subsidiary Enilive, operating in a 
market characterized by intense price competition and low brand 
loyalty. Enilive also engages in the manufacturing of biofuels 
and returns of this activity are exposed to the competition risks 
in connection with oversupplies and dumping by unregulated 
operators and an uncertain regulatory framework. In 2024, the 
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margins on the sale of biofuels were negatively and significantly 
affected by those trends. 
Rising concerns about climate change and the effects of 
the energy transition could lead to a decline in demand for 
hydrocarbons and potentially lower prices. Climate change could 
also have a physical impact on our assets and supply chains. This 
risk may also lead to additional legal and/or regulatory measures, 
resulting in project delays or cancellations, potential additional 
litigation, operational restrictions, and additional compliance 
obligations and expenses
Societal demand for urgent action on climate change has 
increased, especially since the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate 
Change (IPCC) Special Report of 2018 on 1.5°C effectively made 
the more ambitious goal of the Paris Agreement to limit the rise in 
global average temperature this century to 1.5 degrees Celsius the 
default target. This increasing focus on climate change and drive 
for an energy transition have created a risk environment that is 
changing rapidly, resulting in a wide range of governmental actions 
at global, local and company levels, increasing pressure from civil 
society and the investing and lending community to speed up our 
decarbonization plans. 
The energy transition, as well as increasingly stricter regulations in 
the field of CO2 emission, could entail risks to the Group’s financial 
performance and business prospects, because the Company 
still relies substantially on the legacy business of Exploration & 
Production. 
Firstly, international initiatives and national, regional, and state 
legislation and regulations targeting GHG emissions are in 
various stages of design, adoption, and implementation. These 
policies and initiatives - some of which support the global net 
zero emissions ambitions of the Paris Agreement - can change 
the amount of energy consumed, the rate of energy-demand 
growth, the energy mix, and the relative economics of one fuel 
versus another. Laws and regulations whether already in force or 
under consideration are seeking to limit greenhouse gas (GHG) 
emissions by taxing them or by imposing operational restrictions 
and other compliance costs on oil&gas companies. Regulators 
may seek to limit certain oil and gas projects or make it more 
difficult to obtain required permits. Additionally, climate activists 
are challenging the grant of new and existing regulatory permits. 
We expect that these challenges and protests are likely to continue 
and could delay or prohibit operations in certain cases. We also 
expect that actions by customers to reduce their emissions will 
continue to lower demand and potentially affect prices for fossil 
fuels, as will tax incentives in support of electric vehicles and 
renewables and other low-carbon solutions. The pace and extent 
of the energy transition could pose a risk to Eni if we decarbonize 
our operations and the energy we sell at a different speed relative 
to society. If we are slower than society, customers may prefer a 
different supplier, which would reduce demand for our products 
and adversely affect our reputation besides materially affecting 
our earnings and financial results. If we move much faster 
than society, we risk investing in technologies, markets or low-
carbon products that are unsuccessful because there is limited 
demand for them. The physical effects of climate change such 
as, but not limited to, increases in temperature and sea levels 
and fluctuations in water levels could also adversely affect our 
operations and supply chains. Certain investors have decided to 
divest from fossil fuel companies, which could undergo growing 
scrutiny from financial markets participants to obtain funds 
and borrowings facilities. If this were to continue, it could have 
a material adverse effect on the price of our securities and our 
ability to access capital markets. Stakeholder groups are also 
putting pressure on commercial and investment banks to stop 
financing fossil fuel companies. Some financial institutions have 
started to limit or cease altogether their exposure to fossil fuel 
projects. Accordingly, our ability to use financing for these types 
of future projects may be adversely affected. In some countries, 
governments, regulators, organizations, and individuals have 
filed lawsuits seeking to hold oil companies liable for costs 
associated with climate change or seeking to have oil companies 
condemned to speed up decarbonization plans based on alleged 
crimes against the environment or human rights violations. While 
we believe these lawsuits to be without merit, losing could have 
a material adverse effect on our business.  In summary, rising 
climate change concerns, the pace at which we decarbonize our 
operations relative to society and effects of the energy transition 
have led and could lead to a decrease in demand and potentially 
affect prices for fossil fuels. If we are unable to find economically 
viable, publicly acceptable solutions that reduce our GHG 
emissions and/or GHG intensity for new and existing projects 
and for the products we sell, we could experience financial 
penalties or extra costs, delayed or cancelled projects, potential 
impairments of our assets, additional provisions and/or reduced 
production and product sales, negatively affecting future results 
of operations, cash flow, liquidity, business prospects, financial 
condition, shareholder returns, including dividends, the amount 
of funds available for stock repurchases and the price of Eni’s 
shares may be adversely and significantly affected. The Company 
will continue to develop oil and gas resources to meet customers’ 
and consumers’ demand for energy, targeting to increase the 
proportion of natural gas in the production mix. At the same 
time, Eni has been implementing a strategy designed to gradually 
reduce the weight of hydrocarbons in the Company’s portfolio 
by growing the businesses of renewable energy, manufacturing 
of biofuels and lower carbon gases, as well as developing new 
technologies in the fields of nuclear energy, plastic recycling, and 
other energy vectors and solutions, like the geological permanent 
sequestration of CO2, to decarbonize hard-to-abate products or 
process with the long-term goal of achieving net zero emissions 
of CO2 at the whole of its products and processes by 2050. Eni 
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integrates climate change-related issues and the regulatory and 
other responses to these issues into its strategy and planning, 
capital investment reviews, and risk management tools and 
processes, where it believes they are applicable. They are also 
factored into the Company’s long-range supply, demand, and 
energy price forecasts. These forecasts reflect estimates of long-
range effects from climate change-related policy actions, such as 
electric vehicle and renewable fuel penetration, energy efficiency 
standards, and demand response to oil and natural gas prices. 
In case demand for hydrocarbons declines more rapidly than 
management’s planning assumptions and capital programs, our 
results of operations and business prospects may be significantly 
and negatively affected. 
The above mentioned risks may emerge in the short, medium, and 
long term.
a) Regulatory risk: increasing worldwide efforts to tackle climate 
change may lead to the adoption of stricter regulations to curb 
carbon emissions and this could lead to increasing expenditures 
in the short term and may end up suppressing demands for our 
products in medium-to-long term.
It is possible that a growing share of our GHG emissions may be 
subject to regulation going forward, resulting in increased compliance 
costs and operational constraints. Regulatory actions intended to 
reduce greenhouse gas emissions include adoption of cap and trade 
regimes, carbon taxes, carbon-based import duties or other trade 
tariffs, minimum renewable usage requirements, restrictive permitting, 
increased mileage and other efficiency standards, mandates for sales 
of electric vehicles, mandates for use of specific fuels or technologies, 
and other incentives or mandates designed to support transitioning 
to lower-emission energy sources. Depending on how policies and 
regulations are formulated and applied, such policies and regulations 
could negatively affect our investment returns, make our hydrocarbon-
based products more expensive or less competitive, lengthen project 
implementation times, and reduce demand for hydrocarbons, as well as 
shift hydrocarbon demand toward relatively lower-carbon alternatives. 
Current and pending greenhouse gas regulations or policies may also 
increase our compliance costs, such as for monitoring, tracking or 
sequestering emissions.
Some governments have already introduced carbon pricing 
schemes. Eni’s operating and compliance expenses could increase in 
the short-to-medium term in case of widespread adoption of carbon 
tax mechanisms. Currently, about half of the direct GHG emissions 
coming from Eni’s operated assets are included in national or 
supranational Carbon Pricing Mechanisms, such as the European 
Emission Trading Scheme (ETS), which provides an obligation to 
purchase, on the open market, emission allowances in case GHG 
emissions exceed a pre-set amount of emission allowances allotted 
for free. In 2024 to comply with this carbon emissions scheme, Eni 
accrued an expense of €850 million for allowances corresponding to 
11.7 million tons of CO2 emissions (11.5 million tons in 2023 for a total 
expense of €950 million). Due to the likelihood of new regulations in 
this area and expectations of a reduction in free allowances under 
the European ETS and the likely adoption of similar schemes in other 
jurisdictions, Eni could incur increased investments and significantly 
higher operating expenses in case the Company is unable to reduce 
the carbon footprint of its operations.
It is also possible that new restrictions on oil&gas activities may be 
introduced in response to the climate emergency. Governments in 
jurisdictions where we operate may deny permissions to start new 
oil and gas projects or may impose restrictions on drilling and other 
field activities. These possible developments could significantly and 
negatively affect our business’s prospects and results of operations.
b) Market/Technological risk: in the long-term demands for 
hydrocarbons may be materially reduced by the projected mass 
adoption of electric vehicles, the development of green hydrogen, 
the deployment of massive investments to grow renewable energies 
also supported by governments fiscal policies and the development 
of other technologies to produce clean feedstock, fuels, and energy.
In the long-term, the weight of hydrocarbons in the global energy 
mix may decline due to an expected increase in the amount of 
energy generated by renewable sources, the possible emergence 
of new products and technologies, as well as changing consumers’ 
preferences. The automotive industry is investing material amounts 
of resources to ramp up the production of electric vehicles (EVs), 
whose sales according to certain outlooks are expected to surpass 
internal-combustion-engine sales by 2030 also helped by state tax-
incentives and governmental targets on the production of EVs and 
restrictions or ban on sales of internal-combustion-engine cars. In the 
long-term this trend could disrupt the consumption of gasoline which 
is one of the main drivers of global crude oil demand. Other potentially 
disruptive technologies designated to produce clean energy and fuels 
are emerging, driven by the development of hydrogen-based solutions 
as an energy vector or the utilization of renewables feedstock to 
manufacture fuels and other goods replacing oil-based products. 
Electricity generation from wind power or solar technologies is 
projected to grow massively in line with the stated targets by several 
governments and institutions like the EU, the United States, and the 
UK to decarbonize the electricity sector, and this could reduce demand 
for gas-fired electricity generation. Finally, some market forecasters 
are projecting a resurgence of investments in nuclear capacity due 
to a changing perception from public opinions and institutions about 
the role of this form of energy in the global mix and its being carbon 
neutral. As matter of fact, the EU has recently upgraded nuclear energy 
as a net zero emission technology.
These trends could reduce demand for hydrocarbons in the long-
term.
A large portion of Eni’s business depends on the global demand for 
oil and natural gas. If existing or future laws, regulations, treaties, 
or international agreements related to GHG and climate change, 
including state incentives to conserve energy or use alternative 
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energy sources, technological breakthroughs in the field of renewable 
energies, hydrogen, production of nuclear energy or mass adoption 
of electric vehicles trigger a structural decline in worldwide demand 
for oil and natural gas, Eni’s results of operations and business 
prospects may be materially and adversely affected in case the 
Company fails to adapt its business model at the same pace of the 
energy transition as the economy.
c) Legal risk: several lawsuits are pending in various jurisdictions 
against oil&gas companies based on alleged violations of human 
rights, damage to environment and other claims and such legal 
actions may be brought against us.
In recent years, there has been a marked increase in climate-based 
litigation. Courts could be more likely to hold companies who have 
allegedly made the most significant contributions to climate change to 
account. Cases brought to courts against oil&gas companies in several 
jurisdictions indicate that there are risks that oil and gas companies 
may have an individual legal responsibility to reduce emissions to 
address climate change based on an alleged relationship between 
climate change and human rights violations. Courts may condemn 
oil and gas companies to compensate individuals, communities, and 
states for the economic losses due to global warming because of their 
alleged responsibility in supporting hydrocarbons and their alleged 
awareness of knowingly hurting the environment. In some cases, 
companies’ boards have been summoned for having allegedly failed 
to take effective actions to contrast climate change.
Private individuals, associations and NGOs may also bring legal 
actions against states or companies to get them condemned to 
adopt stricter targets of reducing GHG emissions and that could 
entail more restrictive measures on businesses. For example, in 
2023, certain NGOs and several private citizens filed a complaint 
before an Italian court alleging that Eni is liable for climate change. 
The plaintiffs claimed economic losses and other damages 
and requested that Eni revises its decarbonization strategy 
and immediately stops any harmful conducts, alleging several 
environmental crimes and violations of human rights. As such, 
climate litigation represents a significant risk. In case the Company 
is condemned to reduce its GHG emissions at a much faster rate 
than planned by management or to compensate for damage 
related to climate change due to ongoing or potential lawsuits, we 
could incur a material adverse effect on our results of operations 
and business’s prospects.
d) Reputational risk: the consideration of oil&gas companies as 
poorly performing investments from an environmental standpoint 
by financial market participants, could reduce the attractiveness of 
their securities or limit their ability to access the capital markets. 
Activist investors have been seeking to interfere in companies’ 
plans and strategies through matter of shareholders’ resolutions 
and other means.
The reputational risk of oil&gas companies owes to the growing 
perception by certain governments, financial institutions, and the 
society that those companies may be allegedly liable for global 
warming due to GHG emissions across the hydrocarbon value 
chain, particularly related to the use of energy products, and 
may be poorly performing players in the ESG dimensions. This 
could possibly impair their reputation and make their securities 
and debt instruments less attractive than other industrial sectors 
to investors and lenders. Asset managers, mutual funds, global 
allocation funds, generalist investors and pensions funds have 
been reducing their exposure to the fossil fuel industry due to the 
adoption of stricter ESG criteria in selecting investing opportunities. 
In some cases, those investors have adopted climate change 
targets in determining their policies of asset allocations. Many of 
them have announced plans to completely divest from the fossil 
fuel industry. This trend could reduce the market for our share and 
negatively affect shareholders’ returns. Likewise, banks, financing 
institutions, lenders and insurance companies are cutting exposure 
to the fossil fuel industry due to the need to comply with ESG 
mandate or to reach emission reduction targets in their portfolios 
and this could limit our ability to access new financing, could drive 
a rise in borrowing costs to us or increase the costs of insuring 
our assets. Several large, well established financing institutions 
have announced their intention to stop financing directly the 
development new oil and gas fields, a move that could herald an 
emerging trend among banks and lenders towards a phase-out of 
financing the hydrocarbons sector.
As a result of those developments, we could expect the cost of 
capital to the Company to rise in the future and reduced ability on 
part of Eni to obtain financing for future projects in the oil&gas 
business or to obtain it at competitive rates, which may curb our 
investment opportunities or drive an increase in financing expenses, 
negatively affecting our results of operations, returns on investments 
and business prospects.
Shareholders and activist funds may have resolutions passed at 
annual general meetings of listed oil&gas companies, which could 
interfere with management’s long-term goals, strategies and capital 
allocation processes leading to unplanned cost increases and sub-
optimal investment decisions. Activist investors may also bring 
lawsuit against oil&gas companies and their boards, claiming their 
responsibilities for not implementing adequate strategies to manage 
the transition risk; and we believe that such kind of claims can be 
brought against us.
e) Climate change adaptation: extreme weather phenomena, which 
are allegedly caused by climate change, may disrupt our operations
The scientific community has concluded that increasing global 
average temperature produces significant physical effects, such 
as the increased frequency and severity of hurricanes, storms, 
droughts, floods, or other extreme climatic events that could 
interfere with Eni’s operations and damage Eni’s facilities. Extreme 
and unpredictable weather phenomena can result in material 
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disruption to Eni’s operations, and consequent loss of or damage 
to properties and facilities, as well as a loss of output, loss of 
revenues, increasing maintenance and repair expenses and cash 
flow shortfall.
As a result of these trends, climate-related risks could have a material 
and adverse effect on the Group’s results of operations, cash flow, 
liquidity, business prospects, financial condition, and shareholder 
returns, including dividends and the price of Eni’s shares.
INVESTMENTS IN OUR LOWER CARBON 
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES MAY NOT 
ACHIEVE EXPECTED RETURNS 
We are building our portfolio of lower carbon products and services 
such as electricity generated from solar and wind power, biofuels, 
projects for permanent geological sequestration of CO2, and charging 
for electric vehicles through organic and inorganic growth.
In expanding our offerings of these lower carbon products 
and services, we expect to undertake acquisitions and form 
partnerships. The success of these transactions will depend on 
our ability to realize the synergies from combining our respective 
resources and capabilities, including the development of new 
processes, systems and distribution channels. For example, it may 
take time to develop these areas through retraining our workforce 
and recruitment for the necessary new skills. It may take longer to 
realize the expected returns from these transactions.
The operating margins for our lower carbon products and services 
may not be as high as the margins we have experienced historically 
in our oil and gas operations. Furthermore, lower carbon products 
are experiencing increasing competition risks. In 2024, our biofuels 
margins were negatively affected by an oversupply of products 
coming from China, which found an outlet in the European market, 
as well as by an uncertain regulatory environment. Renewable 
electricity sold at spot markets is exposed to risks of uneconomic 
pricing due to objective limits of current transmission networks 
to handle peak production volumes which are a feature of the 
renewable sector. 
Therefore, developing our lower carbon products and services is subject 
to challenges which could have a material adverse effect on future 
results of operations, cash flow, liquidity, business prospects, financial 
condition, shareholder returns, including dividends, the amount of funds 
available for stock repurchases and the price of Eni’s shares may be 
adversely and significantly affected.
RISKS DERIVING FROM ENI’S EXPOSURE 
TO WEATHER CONDITIONS
Significant changes in weather conditions in Italy and in the rest of 
Europe from year to year may affect demand for natural gas and some 
refined products. In colder years, demand for such products is higher. 
Accordingly, the results of operations of Eni’s businesses engaged 
in the marketing of natural gas and, to a lesser extent, the Refining & 
Marketing business, as well as the comparability of results over different 
periods may be affected by such changes in weather conditions. Over 
recent years, this pattern could have been possibly affected by the 
rising frequency of weather trends like milder winter or extreme weather 
events like heatwaves or unusually cold snaps.
The Group is exposed to significant 
operational and economic risks associated 
with the exploration and production of 
crude oil and natural gas
The exploration and production of oil and natural gas require high 
levels of capital expenditures and are subject to specific operational 
and economic risks as well as to natural hazards and other 
uncertainties. The natural hazards and the economic risks described 
below could have an adverse and significant impact on Eni’s future 
growth prospects, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity, and 
shareholders’ returns. 
a) Operational risks in connection to drilling and extraction operations
The physical and geological characteristics of oil and gas fields entail 
natural hazards and other operational risks including risks of eruptions 
of hydrocarbons, discovery of hydrocarbon pockets with abnormal 
pressure, crumbling of well openings, oil spills, gas leaks, risks of 
blowout, fire or explosion and risks of earthquake in connection 
with drilling and extraction activities. Eni has material offshore 
operations which are inherently riskier than onshore activities. In 2024, 
approximately 70 % of Eni’s total oil and gas production for the year 
derived from offshore fields, mainly in Egypt, Norway, Libya, Indonesia, 
Angola, Kazakhstan, the United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, the 
United Kingdom and Congo. Offshore accidents and oil spills could 
cause damage of catastrophic proportions to the ecosystem and to 
communities’ health and security due to the apparent difficulties in 
handling hydrocarbons containment in the sea, pollution, poisoning of 
water and organisms, length and complexity of cleaning operations 
and other factors. Furthermore, offshore operations are subject to 
marine risks, including storms and other adverse weather conditions 
and perils of vessel collisions, which may cause material adverse 
effects on the Group’s operations and the ecosystem.
b) Exploratory drilling efforts may be unsuccessful
Exploration activities are mainly subject to the mining risk, i.e. the risk 
of dry holes or failure to find commercial quantities of hydrocarbons. 
The costs of drilling and completing wells have margins of uncertainty, 
and drilling operations may be unsuccessful because of a large variety 
of factors, including geological failure, unexpected drilling conditions, 
pressure or heterogeneities in formations, equipment failures, well 
control (blowouts) and other forms of accidents. A large part of the 
Company’s exploratory drilling operations is located offshore, including 
in deep and ultra-deep waters, in remote areas and in environmentally 
sensitive locations (such as the Barents Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, deep 
water leases off West Africa, Indonesia, the Mediterranean Sea and the 
Caspian Sea). In these locations, the Company generally experiences 
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higher operational risks and more challenging conditions and incurs 
higher exploration costs than onshore. Furthermore, deep and ultra-
deep water operations require significant time before commercial 
production of discovered reserves can commence, increasing both 
the operational and the financial risks associated with these activities.
Because Eni plans to make significant investments in executing 
exploration projects, it is likely that the Company will incur significant 
amounts of dry hole expenses in future years. Unsuccessful 
exploration activities and failure to discover additional commercial 
reserves could reduce future production of oil and natural gas, which 
is highly dependent on the rate of success of exploration projects and 
could have an adverse impact on Eni’s future performance, growth 
prospects and returns. In 2024, we incurred €555 million of charges 
related to the write-offs of capitalized exploration expenditures and 
unproved properties due to the discovery of uneconomic quantities 
of reserves and other reasons.
c) Development projects bear significant operational risks which 
may adversely affect actual returns
Projects to develop and market reserves of crude oil and natural gas 
normally entail long lead times because of the complexity of the 
activities required to achieve the production start-up, which comprise: 
• appraising a discovery to evaluate the economic and operating 
viability of a development project;
• finalizing negotiations with joint venture partners, governments 
and state-owned companies, suppliers and potential customers 
to define project terms and conditions, including, for example, the 
fiscal take, the production sharing terms with the first party, or 
negotiating favorable long-term contracts to market gas reserves;
• obtaining timely issuance of permits and licenses by government 
agencies, including obtaining all necessary administrative 
authorizations to drill locations, install producing infrastructures, 
build pipelines and related equipment to transport and market 
hydrocarbons;
• effectively carrying out the front-end engineering design in order 
to prevent the occurrence of technical inconvenience during the 
execution phase;
• timely manufacturing and delivery of critical plants and equipment 
by contractors, like platforms and floating production storage 
and offloading (FPSO) vessels, or market availability for renting 
such kind of vessels, as well as building transport infrastructures 
to export production to final markets. For example, in case of 
a shortage of FPSOs to rent, we may have no other option than 
to build the facility thus incurring upfront the whole costs of the 
investment, which could negatively affect a project’s returns;
• preventing risks associated with the use of new technologies and 
the inability to develop advanced technologies to maximize the 
recoverability rate of hydrocarbons or gain access to previously 
inaccessible reservoirs;
• carefully planning the commissioning and hook-up phase where 
mismanagement might lead to delays to achieve first oil;
• changes in operating conditions and cost overruns. Notwithstanding 
inflationary pressures have eased in 2024, we expect the costs of 
renting rigs and other drilling vessels and facilities to remain elevated 
as oil companies competes for a stable amount of supply of this kind 
of equipment considering the restructuring the oilfield service sector 
has undergone due to reduced capital spending by their clients; and
• operating risks, including third-party claims, environmentalists 
protests, changes to the work scope requested by governmental 
authorities, contractors’ underperformance.
Moreover, projects executed with partners and joint venture partners 
limit the ability of the Company to manage risks and costs, and Eni 
may have limited influence over and control of the operations and 
performance of its partners.
The occurrence of any of such risks may negatively affect the time-
to-market of the reserves and may cause cost overruns and start-
up delays, lengthening the project pay-back period. Those risks 
would adversely affect the economic returns of Eni’s development 
projects and the achievement of production growth targets, also 
considering that those projects are exposed to the volatility of oil 
and gas prices which may be substantially different from those 
estimated when the investment decision was made, thereby 
leading to lower return rates.
Finally, if the Company is unable to develop and operate major 
projects as planned, or in case actual reservoir performance and 
natural field decline do not meet management’s expectations, it could 
incur significant impairment losses of capitalized costs associated 
with reduced future cash flows of those projects.
d) Inability to replace produced oil and natural gas reserves could 
adversely impact results of operations and financial condition, 
including cash flows
Future oil and gas production is a function of the Company’s ability 
to access new reserves through new discoveries, application of 
improved techniques, success in development activity, negotiations 
with national oil companies and other owners of known reserves and 
acquisitions.
An inability to replace produced reserves by discovering, acquiring, 
and developing additional reserves could adversely impact future 
production levels and growth prospects. If Eni is unsuccessful in 
meeting its long-term targets of reserve replacement, Eni’s future 
total proved reserves and production will decline.
e) Uncertainties in estimates of oil and natural gas reserves
The accuracy of proved reserve estimates and of projections of 
future rates of production and timing of development costs depends 
on several factors, assumptions and variables, including:
• the quality of available geological, technical and economic data and 
their interpretation and judgment;
• management’s assumptions regarding future rates of production 
and costs and timing of operating and development costs. The 
projections of higher operating and development costs may impair 
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the ability of the Company to economically produce reserves 
leading to downward reserve revisions;
• changes in the prevailing tax rules, other government regulations 
and contractual terms and conditions;
• results of drilling, testing and the actual production performance 
of Eni’s reservoirs after the date of the estimates which may drive 
substantial upward or downward revisions; and
• changes in oil and natural gas prices which could affect the 
quantities of Eni’s proved reserves since the estimates of reserves 
are based on prices and costs existing as of the date when these 
estimates are made. Lower oil prices may impair the ability of the 
Company to economically produce reserves leading to downward 
reserve revisions.
Many of the factors, assumptions and variables underlying the 
estimation of proved reserves involve management’s judgement or 
are outside management’s control (prices, governmental regulations) 
and may change over time, therefore affecting the estimates of oil 
and natural gas reserves from year-to-year.
The prices used in calculating Eni’s estimated proved reserves are, in 
accordance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the 
“U.S. SEC”) requirements, calculated by determining the unweighted 
arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month commodity prices 
for the preceding 12 months. For the 12-months ending at December 
31, 2024, average prices were based on 81 $/barrel for the Brent 
crude oil, 2 $/barrel lower than the 2023 reference price 83 $/barrel, 
resulting in us having to remove 22 million boe of reserves that have 
become uneconomical at a lower price. 
Accordingly, the estimated reserves reported as of the end of 2024 
could be significantly different from the quantities of oil and natural 
gas that will be ultimately recovered. Any downward revision in Eni’s 
estimated quantities of proved reserves would indicate lower future 
production volumes, which could adversely impact Eni’s business 
prospects, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
f) The development of the Group’s proved undeveloped reserves 
“PUD” may take longer and may require higher levels of capital 
expenditures than it currently anticipates, or the Group’s proved 
undeveloped reserves may not ultimately be developed or produced
As of December 31, 2024, approximately 43% of the Group’s total 
estimated proved reserves (by volume) were undeveloped and may 
not be ultimately developed or produced. Recovery of PUD requires 
significant capital expenditures and successful drilling operations. 
The Group’s reserve estimates assume the Group can and will make 
these expenditures and conduct these operations successfully. These 
assumptions may prove to be inaccurate and are subject to the risk 
of a structural decline in the prices of hydrocarbons, which could 
reduce available funds to develop PUD. The Group’s reserve report as 
of December 31, 2024, includes estimates of total future development 
and decommissioning costs associated with the Group’s proved 
total reserves of approximately €41.7 billion (undiscounted, including 
consolidated subsidiaries and equity-accounted entities; €42.6 billion 
in 2023). It’s uncertain that estimated costs of the development of 
these reserves will prove correct, development will occur as scheduled, 
or the results of such development will be as estimated. In case of 
change in the Company’s plans to develop those reserves, or if it is not 
otherwise able to successfully develop these reserves as a result of 
the Group’s inability to fund necessary capital expenditures due to a 
prolonged decline in the price of hydrocarbons or otherwise, it will be 
required to remove the associated volumes from the Group’s reported 
proved reserves. 
g) The oil & gas industry is a capital-intensive business and needs 
large amount of funds to find and develop reserves. In case the 
Group does not have access to sufficient funds its oil&gas business 
may decline
The oil and gas industry is a capital intensive business. Eni makes 
and expects to continue making substantial capital expenditures 
in its business for the exploration, development and production of 
oil and natural gas reserves. Historically, Eni’s capital expenditures 
have been financed with cash generated from operations, proceeds 
from asset disposals, borrowings under its credit facilities and 
proceeds from the issuance of debt and bonds. The actual amount 
and timing of future capital expenditures may differ materially 
from Eni’s estimates because of, among other things, changes in 
commodity prices, changes in cost of oil services, available cash 
flows, lack of access to capital, actual drilling results, the availability 
of drilling rigs and other services and equipment, the availability 
of transportation capacity, and regulatory, technological and 
competitive developments. Eni’s cash flows from operations and 
access to capital markets are subject to several variables, including 
but not limited to:
• the amount of Eni’s proved reserves;
• the volume of crude oil and natural gas Eni is able to produce and 
sell from existing wells;
• the prices at which crude oil and natural gas are marketed;
• Eni’s ability to acquire, find and produce new reserves; and
• the ability and willingness of Eni’s lenders to extend credit or 
of participants in the capital markets to invest in Eni’s bonds 
considering that adoption of ESG targets by lenders may restrict 
our access to third-party financing.
 If cash generated by operations, cash from asset disposals, or 
cash available under Eni’s liquidity reserves or its credit facilities 
or issuance of new bonds is not sufficient to meet capital 
requirements, due to among other things a decline in oil and 
gas prices or more stringent ESG criteria adopted by banks and 
other lenders, reduce cash flows or failure to obtain additional 
financing could result in a curtailment of operations relating to the 
development of Eni’s reserves, which in turn could adversely affect 
its results of operations and cash flows and its ability to achieve 
its growth plans. In the next four-year plan we are forecasting 
significant capital expenditures of more than €5 billion on average 
per year to fund new development projects and production ramp 
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ups and considering expected continuation of inflationary trends in 
upstream costs. In case of a cash flow shortfall, we may be forced 
to take on new finance debt from banks and financing institutions 
to pursue our development plans and that could increase our 
financial risk profile. Finally, funding Eni’s capital expenditures 
with additional debt will increase its leverage and the issuance 
of additional debt will require a portion of Eni’s cash flows from 
operations to be used for the payment of interest.
h) Oil and gas activity may be subject to increasingly high levels of 
income taxes and royalties
Oil and gas operations are subject to the payment of royalties and 
income taxes, which tend to be higher than those payable in other 
commercial activities. Management believes that the marginal tax rate 
in the oil and gas industry tends to increase in correlation with higher 
oil prices, which could make it more difficult for Eni to translate higher 
oil prices into increased net profit. However, the Company does not 
expect that the marginal tax rate will decrease in response to falling 
oil prices. Adverse changes in the tax rate applicable to the Group’s 
profit before income taxes in its oil and gas operations would have a 
negative impact on Eni’s future results of operations and cash flows. 
In 2022, in response to a surge in hydrocarbons and electricity 
prices due to the perceived risks of disruption in connection 
with the Russian military aggression of Ukraine, governments of 
the EU member states and of the UK have enacted solidaristic 
contributions in the form of one-off or temporary windfall levies 
to increase the fiscal take on the profits of energy companies 
relating to the portion of those profits deemed to exceed historical 
averages, to collect funds to alleviate the financial burden on 
households and businesses due to rising costs of fuels and 
energy. In 2024, we disbursed about €0.45 billion to settle an 
Italian windfall tax levied in 2023 on profits of energy companies. 
Notwithstanding hydrocarbons and electricity prices have been on 
a downward trend since 2023, they are still perceived to remain 
at elevated levels compared to historic averages by governments, 
businesses, and consumers in the Eurozone so to hamper 
competitiveness of the manufacturing sector and to reduce the 
purchase power of households. Given rising pressures on public 
finances due to an ongoing economic slowdown in the EU and the 
general consideration that the oil&gas companies may continue 
benefiting from the ongoing geopolitical tensions in Ukraine and 
the Middle East, management cannot rule out the possibility of the 
introduction of new windfall taxes and other extraordinary levies 
targeting the hydrocarbons sector, which could negatively affect 
the Group’s results of operations and cash flows. 
i) The present value of future net revenues from Eni’s proved 
reserves will not necessarily be the same as the current market 
value of Eni’s estimated crude oil and natural gas reserves
The present value of future net revenues from Eni’s proved reserves 
may differ from the current market value of Eni’s estimated crude 
oil and natural gas reserves. In accordance with the SEC rules, Eni 
bases the estimated discounted future net revenues from proved 
reserves on the 12-month unweighted arithmetic average of the 
first day of the month commodity prices for the preceding twelve 
months. Actual future prices may be materially higher or lower 
than the SEC pricing method in the calculations. Actual future net 
revenues from crude oil and natural gas properties will be affected 
by factors such as:
• the actual prices Eni receives for sales of crude oil and natural gas;
• the actual cost and timing of development and production 
expenditures;
•  the timing and amount of actual production; and
• changes in governmental regulations or taxation.
The timing of both Eni’s production and its incurrence of expenses 
in connection with the development and production of crude oil and 
natural gas properties will affect the timing and amount of actual 
future net revenues from proved reserves, and thus their actual 
present value. Additionally, the 10% discount factor Eni uses when 
calculating discounted future net revenues may not be the most 
appropriate discount factor based on interest rates in effect from 
time to time and risks associated with Eni’s reserves or the crude oil 
and natural gas industry in general.
At December 31, 2024, the net present value of Eni’s proved 
reserves totaled approximately €55.6 billion. The average prices 
used to estimate Eni’s proved reserves and the net present value 
at December 31, 2024, as calculated in accordance with the SEC 
rules, were at around 80 $/barrel for the Brent crude oil. Actual 
future prices may materially differ from those used in our year-
end estimates. Commodity prices have decreased significantly in 
the first quarter of 2025 compared to the price used in the reserve 
calculations at 2024 year-end. Holding all other factors constant, if 
commodity prices used in Eni’s year-end reserve estimates at end 
of 2025 were in line with the pricing environment existing at the 
end of the first quarter of 2025, Eni’s PV-10 at December 31, 2025 
would decrease.
RISKS RELATED TO POLITICAL 
CONSIDERATIONS
As at December 31, 2024, about 83% of Eni’s proved hydrocarbon 
reserves were located in non-OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development) countries, mainly in Africa, Central Asia 
and Middle East where the socio-political framework, the financial 
system and the macroeconomic outlook are less stable than in the 
OECD countries. In those non-OECD countries, Eni is exposed to a wide 
range of political risks and uncertainties, which may impair Eni’s ability 
to continue operating economically on a temporary or permanent 
basis, and Eni’s ability to access oil and gas reserves. Particularly, Eni 
faces risks in connection with the following potential issues and risks:
• socio-political instability leading to internal conflicts, revolutions, 
establishment of non-democratic regimes, protests, attacks, and other 
forms of civil disorder and unrest, such as strikes, riots, sabotage, 
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blockades, vandalism, and theft of crude oil at pipelines, acts of 
violence and similar events. These risks could result in disruptions 
to economic activity, loss of output, plant closures and shutdowns, 
project delays, loss of assets and threats to the security of personnel. 
They may disrupt financial and commercial markets, including the 
supply of and pricing for oil and natural gas, and generate greater 
political and economic instability in some of the geographical areas 
in which Eni operates. Additionally, any possible reprisals because of 
military or other action, such as acts of terrorism in Europe, the USA or 
elsewhere, could have a material adverse effect on the world economy 
and hence on the global demand for hydrocarbons;
• lack of well-established and reliable legal systems and uncertainties 
surrounding the enforcement of contractual rights;
• unfavorable enforcement of laws, regulations and contractual 
arrangements leading, for example, to expropriation, nationalization 
or forced divestiture of assets and unilateral cancellation or 
modification of contractual terms, tax or royalty increases 
(including retroactive claims) and restrictions on exploration, 
production, imports and exports;
• sovereign default or financial instability since those countries rely 
heavily on petroleum revenues to sustain public finance. Financial 
difficulties at country level often translate into failure by state-
owned companies and agencies to fulfil their financial obligations 
towards Eni relating to funding capital commitments in projects 
operated by Eni or to timely paying for supplies of equity oil and 
gas volumes;
• difficulties in finding qualified international or local suppliers in 
critical operating environments; 
• risks of U.S. sanctions which could impair our ability to conduct 
profitable operations or to recover our investments like for example 
in Venezuela or other commercial restrictions imposed by U.S. to 
certain economic sectors and activities involving Chinese suppliers 
which could led to projects delays and cost overruns; and
• complex processes of granting authorizations or licenses affecting 
time-to-market of certain development projects.
Areas where Eni operates and where the Company is particularly 
exposed to political risk include, but are not limited to Libya, 
Venezuela, Nigeria, and Egypt.
Eni’s operations in Libya are exposed to geopolitical risks. 
The social and political instability of the country dates to the 
revolution of 2011 that brought a change of regime and a civil war 
with a material impact on our operations in that year. A divided 
political landscape emerged from those events, which caused a 
prolonged period of internal instability which has triggered several 
acts of internal conflict, clashes, civil turmoil, and unrest involving 
the opposing factions amidst failed attempts to hold general 
elections and appoint a national government, resulting in several 
disruptions to Eni’s activities in the country up and until 2023 
when a relative stability was achieved. In 2024, a rift between the 
Government of National Unity installed in Tripoli and recognized 
by the UN and the self-appointed National Stability Government 
installed in the east of the country regarding the appointment 
of the chief of Libya’s national bank has resulted in a blockade 
of oil export terminals in the Eastern part of the country and in 
declaration of force majeure at several oilfields in the Southern 
zone which have only marginally impacted our operations which 
are mainly focused on gas asset. In 2024, Eni production in Libya 
was 176 kboe/d, equal to about 10% of the Group’s total production 
and was in line with management’s plans. Management continues 
to monitor Libya’s geopolitical situation which is recognized as a 
source of risk and uncertainty to Eni’s operations in the country 
and related Group’s financial results. 
The financial difficulties of Venezuela due to the US sanction regime 
have impaired our ability to conduct profitable operations in the 
country. Currently, after having completely impaired other projects 
in past reporting periods, the Company retains just one asset in 
Venezuela: the 50%-participated Cardón IV joint venture, which is 
operating an offshore natural gas field and is supplying its production 
to the national oil company, Petroleos de Venezuela SA (“PDVSA”), 
under a long-term supply agreement. PDVSA has failed to regularly 
pay the receivables for the gas volumes supplied by Cardón IV venture 
and consequently a significant amount of overdue trading receivables 
has accumulated over the years and a credit loss provision has been 
booked to reflect the counterparty risk.  In 2024, thanks to a temporary 
suspension of sanctions granted by the U.S and an additional waiver 
obtained by the US Department of State, it was possible to offset part 
of the long-standing overdue receivables accrued with PDVSA-owned 
crude oil cargoes. As of 31 December 2024, Eni's credit exposure to 
PDVSA amounted to approximately €2.1 billion (€0.8 billion net of the 
impairment provision). There is a great deal of uncertainty about the 
evolution of the US sanctions against Venezuela and our ability to 
recover our outstanding receivables. 
The Group has significant credit exposure towards state-owned and 
privately-held local companies in Nigeria following the divestment of 
its onshore operations in the country to a local company. Considering 
the historic underperformance of our counterparts in reimbursing 
amounts owed to us considering a deteriorated financial framework 
of the country, we believe that we are exposed to a credit risk going 
forward. 
Egypt has been experiencing financial restraints due to an economic 
slowdown and a contraction in reserves of foreign currencies. Eni 
is currently supplying its equity share of natural gas production to 
local state-owned oil companies that in the past have failed to pay 
receivables owed to us in a timely manner; in 2024 the situation has 
improved and no incremental overdue amounts have been noted. 
Due to this, a loss provision in the balance sheet has been defined 
accordingly, reflecting the time value of an agreed repayment plan.
SANCTION TARGETS
The most relevant sanction programs for Eni are those issued 
by the European Union and the United States and, as of today, 
the restrictive measures adopted by such authorities in respect 
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of Russia. As consequence of Russia’s military aggression of 
Ukraine, the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United 
States and the G-7 countries adopted a comprehensive system of 
sanctions against Russia to weaken its economy and its ability to 
finance the war. The sanction system is constantly evolving. The 
main targets of the sanctions are the Russian Central Bank and 
the major financial institutions of the country, as well as Russia’s 
exports of crude oil and refined products to international markets. 
Considering the complexity of the sanctions and the existing Eni’s 
contracts for natural gas supplies from Russia and the need to make 
payments to Russian counterparties, the Company is exposed to 
the risk of possible violations of the sanction’s regime. Eni adopted 
the necessary measures to ensure that its activities are carried 
out in accordance with the applicable rules, ensuring continuous 
monitoring of the evolution in the sanction framework, to adapt on 
an ongoing basis its activities to the applicable restrictions. 
Furthermore, an escalation of the international crisis, resulting in 
a tightening of sanctions, could entail a significant disruption of 
energy supply and trade flows globally, which could have a material 
adverse effect on the Group’s business, financial conditions, results of 
operations and prospects. From 2017, the United States have enacted 
a regime of economic and financial sanctions against Venezuela, which 
have been expanded to encompass the country’s oil&gas sector where 
Eni is currently operating. The U.S. sanction regime is also restricting 
any Venezuelan oil exports, including swap schemes utilized by foreign 
entities to recover trade and financing receivables from PDVSA and other 
Venezuelan counterparties. The U.S. sanction regime has reduced the 
Group’s ability to collect the trade receivable owed to Eni for its activity 
in the country, except for limited waivers which have been agreed with 
U.S. relevant authorities from time to time allowing the Company to lift 
some PDVSA’s entitlements of crude oil as an in-kind reimbursement of 
overdue amounts owed to us in connection with our supplies of equity 
natural gas to PDVSA. Recoverability of trade receivables owed to us 
by PDVSA is uncertain and there is no assurance that we will able to 
recover the full amount of credits outstanding as of end of 2024 (gross 
amount of about €2.1 billion). 
Eni carefully evaluates on a case-by-case basis the adoption of 
adequate measures to minimize its exposure to any sanctions 
risk which may affect its business operation. In any case, the U.S. 
sanctions add stress to the already complex financial, political, and 
operating outlook of the country, which could further limit the ability 
of Eni to recover its investments in Venezuela.
SPECIFIC RISKS OF THE COMPANY’S 
GAS BUSINESS IN ITALY
a) Currently, negative trends in the competitive environment of the 
European natural gas sector may impair the Company’s ability to 
fulfil its minimum off-take obligations in connection with its take-
or-pay, long-term gas supply contracts
Eni is currently party to a few long-term gas supply contracts 
with state-owned companies of key producing countries, from 
where most of the gas supplies directed to Europe are sourced via 
pipeline (Russia, Algeria and Norway). These contracts which were 
intended to support Eni’s sales plan in Italy and in other European 
markets, provide take-or-pay clauses whereby the Company has an 
obligation to lift minimum, preset volumes of gas in each year of 
the contractual term or, in case of failure, to pay the whole price, 
or a fraction of that price, up to a minimum contractual quantity. 
Similar considerations apply to ship-or-pay contractual obligations 
which arise from contracts with transmission system operators or 
pipeline owners, which the Company has entered into to secure 
long-term transport capacity. Long-term gas supply contracts with 
take-or pay clauses expose the Company to a volume risk, as the 
Company is obligated to purchase an annual minimum volume of 
gas, or in case of failure, to pay the underlying price. The structure 
of the Company’s portfolio of gas supply contracts is a risk to the 
profitability outlook of Eni’s wholesale gas business due to the 
current competitive dynamics in the European gas markets. In past 
downturns of the gas sector, the Company incurred significant cash 
outflows in response to its take-or-pay obligations. Furthermore, 
the Company’s wholesale business is exposed to volatile spreads 
between the procurement costs of gas, which are linked to spot 
prices at European hubs or to the price of crude oil, and the selling 
prices of gas which are mainly indexed to spot prices at the Italian 
hub. In case the Company fails to meet its sales targets due to 
competition in the European gas market, it could incur the take-or-
pay clause at its long-term supply contracts which could negatively 
affect its financial performance. 
Eni’s management is planning to continue its strategy of 
renegotiating the Company’s long-term gas supply contracts in 
order to constantly align pricing terms to current market conditions 
as they evolve and to obtain greater operational flexibility to better 
manage the take-or-pay obligations (volumes and delivery points 
among others), considering the risk factors described above. 
The revision clauses included in these contracts state the right of 
each counterparty to renegotiate the economic terms and other 
contractual conditions periodically, in relation to ongoing changes in 
the gas scenario. Management believes that the outcome of those 
renegotiations is uncertain in respect of both the amount of the 
economic benefits that will be ultimately obtained and the timing of 
recognition of profit. Furthermore, in case Eni and the gas suppliers 
fail to agree on revised contractual terms, both parties can start an 
arbitration procedure to obtain revised contractual conditions. All 
these possible developments within the renegotiation process could 
increase the level of risks and uncertainties relating the outcome of 
those renegotiations.
b) Risks associated with the regulatory powers entrusted to the 
Italian Regulatory Authority for Energy, Networks and Environment 
in the matter of pricing to residential customers 
Eni’s wholesale gas and retail gas and power businesses are 
subject to regulatory risks mainly in Italy’s domestic market. 
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The Italian Regulatory Authority for Energy, Networks and 
Environment (the “Authority”) is entrusted with certain powers 
in the matter of natural gas and power pricing. Specifically, the 
Authority retains a surveillance power on pricing in the natural 
gas market in Italy and the power to establish selling tariffs for 
the supply of natural gas to residential and commercial users 
who are opting for adhering to regulated tariffs until the market 
is fully opened. Developments in the regulatory framework 
aimed at increasing the level of market liquidity, promoting 
deregulation or limiting operators’ ability to pass cost increases 
in raw materials onto customers may negatively affect future 
sales margins of gas and electricity, operating results, and cash 
flow. In the current environment characterized by rising energy 
costs, it is possible that the Authority may enact measures 
intended to limit revenues of inframarginal power generation and 
to reduce the indexation of the cost of the raw materials in pricing 
formulae applied by retail companies that market natural gas and 
electricity to residential customers and that development could 
negatively affect our results of operations and cash flow in the 
domestic retail business of natural gas and power. In the current 
energy crisis context, many regulatory interventions at both the 
EU and national level aim to ensure security of supply and curb 
consumptions and energy prices for final customers. Our GGP 
business that engages in the wholesale marketing of natural gas 
and the power generation business that sell produced electricity 
on the spot market could be exposed to a regulatory risk, although 
on a smaller scale than the retail business due to well-established 
and liquid spot markets for natural gas and electricity.
ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND 
SAFETY RISKS
a) The Group is exposed to material HSE risks due to the nature of 
its operations
The Group engages in the exploration and production of crude oil 
and natural gas, processing, transportation and refining of crude oil, 
transport of natural gas by pipeline, transport of LNG by carriers, 
storage and distribution of petroleum products and the production 
of base chemicals, plastics, and elastomers. The Group’s operations 
expose Eni to a wide range of significant health, safety, security, and 
environmental risks. Flammability and toxicity of hydrocarbons, 
technical faults, malfunctioning of plants, equipment and facilities, 
control systems failure, human errors, acts of sabotage, attacks, 
loss of containment and climate-related hazards can trigger adverse 
consequences such as explosions, blow-outs, fires, oil and gas 
spills from wells, pipeline and tankers, release of contaminants and 
pollutants in the air, ground and water, toxic emissions, and other 
negative events. The magnitude of these risks is influenced by the 
geographic range, operational diversity, and technical complexity 
of Eni’s activities. Eni’s future results of operations, cash flow and 
liquidity depend on its ability to identify and address the risks and 
hazards inherent to operating in those industries.
b) Eni expects to incur material operating expenses and 
expenditures in future years in relation to compliance with 
applicable environmental, health and safety regulations, including 
compliance with any national or international regulation on 
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as to retain high 
standards of reliability in its industrial operations
Eni’s activities are highly regulated. Laws and regulations intended 
to preserve the environment and to safeguard health and safety of 
workers and communities impose several obligations, requirements, 
and prohibitions to the Company’s businesses due to their inherent 
risky nature because of flammability, dangerousness, and toxicity of 
hydrocarbons and of objective complexities of industrial processes 
to explore, develop, extract, refine, handle and transport oil, natural 
gas, liquified natural gas and products. These laws and regulations 
require acquisition of a permit before drilling for hydrocarbons may 
commence, restrict the types, quantities and concentration of various 
substances that can be released into the environment in connection 
with exploration, drilling and production activities, including refinery 
and petrochemical plant operations, limit or prohibit drilling activities 
in certain protected areas, require to remove and dismantle drilling 
platforms and other equipment and well plug-in once oil and gas 
operations have terminated, provide for measures to be taken 
to protect the safety of the workplace, the health of employees, 
contractors and other Company collaborators and of communities 
involved by the Company’s activities, and impose criminal and civil 
liabilities for polluting the environment or harming employees’ or 
communities’ health and safety as result from the Group’s operations. 
These laws and regulations control the emission of scrap substances 
and pollutants, discipline the handling of hazardous materials and 
waste and set limits to or prohibit the discharge of soil, water or 
groundwater contaminants, emissions of toxic gases and other air 
pollutants or can impose taxes on carbon dioxide emissions, as in the 
case of the European Trading Scheme that requires the purchase of 
an emission allowance for each tons of carbon dioxide emitted in the 
environment above a pre-set threshold, resulting from the operation 
of oil and natural gas extraction and processing plants, petrochemical 
plants, refineries, service stations, vessels, oil carriers, pipeline 
systems and other facilities owned or operated by Eni.
Breaches of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations 
as in the case of negligent or willful release of pollutants and 
contaminants into the atmosphere, the soil, water or groundwater or 
exceeding the concentration thresholds of contaminants set by the 
law expose the Company to the incurrence of liabilities associated 
with compensation for environmental, health or safety damage and 
expenses for environmental remediation and clean-up, as well as 
damage to reputation. Furthermore, in the case of violation of certain 
rules regarding the safeguard of the environment and the health and 
safety of employees, contractors, and other collaborators of the 
Company, and of communities, the Company may incur liabilities 
in connection with the negligent or willful violations of laws by its 
employees as per Italian Law Decree No. 231/2001.
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Management expects that the Group will continue to incur significant 
amounts of operating expenses and expenditures in the foreseeable 
future to comply with laws and regulations, to upgrade plants and 
equipment to improve security standards and to safeguard the 
environment and the health and safety of employees, contractors 
and communities involved by the Company activities by retaining 
reliable industrial operations and by adhering to industry best 
practices, including:
• costs to prevent, control, eliminate or reduce release of pollutants 
and other hazardous materials in the soil, groundwater and the 
marine environment, and of GHG and other toxic gases in the 
atmosphere, as well as to maintain high standards of efficiency and 
reliability at its plants and equipment, including offshore platforms, 
FPSO vessels, oil&gas treatment plants, refineries, petrochemicals 
complexes and pipelines;
• remedial and clean-up measures related to environmental 
contamination or accidents at various sites, including those owned 
by third parties, as well as decommissioning costs of productive 
infrastructures and well plugging of industrial hubs and oil and 
gas fields once production and manufacturing activities are 
discontinued; and
• damage compensation claimed by individuals and entities, 
including local, regional, or state administrations in case Eni is 
found liable of a HSE incident, contamination, pollution of marine 
or water resources, soil or the atmosphere, or violations of HSE 
laws.
As a further consequence of any new laws and regulations or other 
factors, like the actual or alleged occurrence of environmental 
damage at Eni’s plants and facilities, the Company may be forced to 
curtail, modify, or cease certain operations or implement temporary 
shutdowns of facilities. Furthermore, in certain situations where Eni 
is not the operator, the Company may have limited influence and 
control over third parties, which may limit its ability to manage and 
control such risks.
c) The Group is exposed to operational risks in connection with the 
transportation of hydrocarbons
All of Eni’s segments of operations involve, to varying degrees, the 
transportation of hydrocarbons. Risks in transportation activities 
depend on several factors and variables, including the hazardous 
nature of the products transported due to their flammability and 
toxicity, the transportation methods utilized (pipelines, shipping, 
river freight, rail, road and gas distribution networks), the volumes 
involved and the sensitivity of the regions through which the 
transport passes (quality of infrastructure, population density, 
environmental considerations). All modes of transportation of 
hydrocarbons are particularly exposed to risks of blowout, fire, 
release of toxic agents in the atmosphere, spillover of oil and other 
pollutants and loss of containment and, given that normally high 
volumes are involved, could present significant risks to people, the 
environment and the property.
d) The Group is not insured against all potential HSE risks
Eni retains worldwide third-party liability insurance coverage, which 
is designed to hedge part of the liabilities associated with possible 
incidents occurring at the Group plants and installations resulting in 
damage to third parties, loss of value to the Group’s assets related 
to adverse events and in connection with environmental clean-up 
and remediation. Management believes that its insurance coverage 
is in line with industry practice and is enough to cover normal risks 
in its operations. However, the Company is not insured against all 
potential risks. In the event of a major environmental disaster, such 
as the incident which occurred at the Macondo well in the Gulf of 
Mexico several years ago, Eni’s third-party liability insurance would 
not provide any material coverage and thus the Company’s liability 
would far exceed the maximum coverage provided by its insurance. 
The loss Eni could suffer in case of a disaster of material proportions 
would depend on all the facts and circumstances of the event and 
would be subject to a whole range of uncertainties, including legal 
uncertainty as to the scope of liability for consequential damages, 
which may include economic damage not directly connected to 
the disaster. The Company cannot guarantee that it will not suffer 
any uninsured loss and there can be no guarantee, particularly in 
the case of a major environmental disaster or industrial accident, 
that such a loss would not have a material adverse effect on the 
Company.
The Company has invested and will continue to invest significant 
financial resources to continuously upgrade the methods and 
systems for safeguarding the reliability of its plants, production 
facilities, 
well 
execution, 
vessels, 
transport 
and 
storage 
infrastructures, the safety and the health of its employees, 
contractors, local communities, and the environment, to prevent 
risks, to comply with applicable laws and policies and to respond 
to and learn from unforeseen incidents. However, these measures 
may ultimately not be completely successful in preventing and/or 
altogether eliminating risks of adverse events. Failure to properly 
manage these risks as well as accidental events like human errors, 
unexpected system failure, sabotages, cyberattacks or other 
unexpected factors could cause incidents of any kind of impact 
and magnitude which could trigger in a worst case scenario 
serious consequences, including loss of life, damage to properties, 
environmental pollution, legal liabilities and/or damage claims and 
consequently a disruption in operations and potential economic 
losses that could have a material and adverse effect on the Group’s 
results of operations, cash flow, liquidity, business prospects, 
financial condition, and shareholder returns, including dividends, 
the amount of funds available for stock repurchases and the price 
of Eni’s shares. For example, in December 2024, a fire occurred 
at a fuel storage site operated by Eni, which caused the death of 
five people while working at site operations, several wounded and 
damage to property. The Group made a loss provision to account 
for all damage to people and property because insurance coverage 
was not enough.
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LEGAL, IT AND FINANCIAL RISKS
a) Eni is exposed to the risk of material environmental liabilities in 
connection with pending litigation
Eni has incurred in the past and may incur in the future material 
environmental liabilities in connection with the alleged breach of 
environmental laws claimed by administrative bodies and third 
parties at industrial hubs where the Group is currently performing its 
activities or where the Group has ceased to operate and is performing 
decommissioning and remediation activities. Eni is also exposed to 
claims under environmental requirements and, from time to time, 
such claims have been made against the Company. Furthermore, 
environmental regulations in Italy and elsewhere typically impose 
strict liability. Strict liability means that in some situations Eni could be 
exposed to liability for clean-up and remediation costs, environmental 
damage, and other damages because of Eni’s conduct of operations 
that was lawful at the time it occurred or of the management of 
industrial hubs by prior operators or other third parties, who were 
subsequently taken over by Eni. In addition, plaintiffs may seek 
to obtain compensation for damage resulting from events of 
contamination and pollution or in case the Company is found liable for 
violations of any environmental laws or regulations. Due to the history 
and development of the Group, Eni is particularly exposed to this kind 
of risk in Italy. The Group is performing remediation and cleaning-up 
activities at several Italian industrial hub where the Group’s products 
were produced, processed, stored, distributed, or sold, such as 
chemical plants, mineral-metallurgic plants, refineries, and other 
facilities, which were subsequently disposed of, liquidated, closed, or 
shut down. Eni has been alleged to be liable for having polluted and 
contaminated proprietary or concession areas where those dismissed 
industrial hubs were located. State or local public administrations 
have sued Eni for environmental and other damages and for clean-up 
and remediation measures in addition to those which were performed 
by the Company, or which the Company has committed to performing, 
including allegations of violations of criminal laws (for example 
for alleged environmental crimes such as failure to perform soil or 
groundwater reclamation, environmental disaster and contamination, 
illegal discharge of toxic materials, amongst others). Although Eni 
believes that it may not be held liable for having exceeded in the past 
pollution thresholds that are unlawful according to current regulations, 
but were allowed by laws then effective, or because the Group took 
over operations from third parties, it cannot be excluded that Eni 
could potentially incur such environmental liabilities. Eni’s financial 
statements account for provisions relating to the expected costs to 
clean up and remediate contaminated areas and groundwater at Eni’s 
shut-down or operational Italian hubs, where legal or constructive 
obligations exist and the associated costs can be reasonably 
estimated in a reliable manner, representing management’s best 
estimates of the Company’s existing environmental liabilities. 
Although the Company has provided for known environmental 
obligations that are probable and reasonably estimable, it is likely 
that the Company will continue to incur additional liabilities in the 
future. The additional costs are not fully determinable due to such 
factors as the unknown magnitude of possible contamination, the 
unknown timing and extent of the remediation actions that may be 
required, the determination of the company’s liability in proportion 
to other responsible parties, and the extent to which such costs are 
recoverable from third parties. These future costs may be material to 
results of operations in the period in which they are recognized, but 
the Company does not expect these costs will have a material effect 
on its consolidated financial position or liquidity.
b) Risks related to legal proceedings and compliance with anti-
corruption legislation
Eni is the defendant in several civil and criminal actions and 
administrative proceedings. In future years Eni may incur significant 
losses due to: (i) uncertainty regarding the final outcome of 
each proceeding; (ii) the occurrence of new developments that 
management could not take into consideration when evaluating the 
likely outcome of each proceeding in order to accrue the risk provisions 
as of the date of the latest financial statements or to judge a negative 
outcome only as possible or to conclude that a contingency loss 
could not be estimated reliably; (iii) the emergence of new evidence 
and information; and (iv) underestimation of probable future losses 
due to circumstances that are often inherently difficult to estimate. 
Certain legal proceedings and investigations in which Eni or its 
subsidiaries or its officers and employees are defendants might 
involve allegations of breaching anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws 
and regulations and other ethical misconduct. Such proceedings are 
described in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(note no.28). Ethical misconduct and noncompliance with applicable 
laws and regulations, including noncompliance with anti-bribery and 
anti-corruption laws, by Eni, its officers and employees, its partners, 
agents or others acting on the Group’s behalf, could expose Eni and 
its employees to criminal and civil penalties and could be damaging 
to Eni’s reputation, business prospects and results of operations.
c) Risks from acquisitions
Eni is constantly monitoring the market in search of opportunities 
to acquire individual assets or companies with a view of achieving 
its growth targets or complementing its asset portfolio. Acquisitions 
entail an execution risk – the risk that the acquirer will not be able 
to effectively integrate the purchased assets to achieve expected 
synergies. In addition, acquisitions entail a financial risk – the risk of 
not being able to recover the purchase costs of acquired assets, in 
case of a prolonged decline in the market prices of commodities. Eni 
may also incur unanticipated costs or assume unexpected liabilities 
and losses in connection with companies or assets it acquires. If 
the integration and financial risks related to acquisitions materialize, 
expected synergies from acquisition may fall short of management’s 
targets and Eni’s financial performance and shareholders’ returns 
may be adversely affected. In 2024, Eni has closed the acquisition 
of the group Neptune Energy with a transaction value of €2.4 billion, 
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which represents the largest acquisition made by Eni in recent years 
and this deal could entail integration risks.
d) Eni’s crisis management systems may be ineffective
Eni has developed contingency plans to continue or recover 
operations following a disruption or incident. An inability to restore 
or replace critical capacity to an agreed level within an agreed period 
could prolong the impact of any disruption and could severely affect 
business, operations and financial results. Eni has crisis management 
plans and the capability to deal with emergencies at every level of its 
operations. If Eni does not respond or is not seen to respond in an 
appropriate manner to either an external or internal crisis, this could 
adversely impact the Group’s reputation, its business prospects and 
results of operations.
e) Cyberattacks, disruption to or breaches of Eni’s critical IT 
services or digital infrastructure and security systems could 
adversely affect the Group’s business, increase costs and damage 
Eni’s reputation
The Group’s activities depend heavily on the reliability and security 
of its information technology (IT) systems and digital security. The 
Group’s IT systems, some of which are managed by third parties, 
are susceptible to being compromised, damaged, disrupted or 
shutdown due to failures during the process of upgrading or 
replacing software, databases or components, power or network 
outages, hardware failures, cyberattacks (viruses, computer 
intrusions), user errors or natural disasters. The cyber threat is 
constantly evolving. The oil and gas industry is subject to fast-
evolving risks from cyber threat actors, including nation states, 
criminals, terrorists, hacktivists and insiders. Attacks are becoming 
more sophisticated with regularly renewed techniques while the 
digital transformation amplifies exposure to these cyber threats. 
The adoption of new technologies, such as the Internet of Things 
(IoT) or the migration to the cloud, as well as the evolution of 
architectures for increasingly interconnected systems, are all 
areas where cyber security is a very important issue. The Group 
and its service providers may not be able to prevent third parties 
from breaking into the Group’s IT systems, disrupting business 
operations or communications infrastructure through denial of 
service, attacks, or gaining access to confidential or sensitive 
information held in the system. The Group, like many companies, 
has been and expects to continue to be the target of attempted 
cybersecurity attacks. While the Group has not experienced any 
such attack that has had a material impact on its business and 
results of operations, the Group cannot guarantee that its security 
measures will be sufficient to prevent a material disruption, 
breach, or compromise in the future which could negatively and 
significantly affect the Company, its reputation and results of 
operations. As a result, the Group’s activities and assets could 
sustain serious damage, services to clients could be interrupted, 
material intellectual property could be divulged and, in some 
cases, personal injury, property damage, environmental harm and 
regulatory violations could occur.
f) Violations of data protection laws carry fines and expose the 
Company and/or its employees to criminal sanctions and civil suits
Data protection laws and regulations apply to Eni and its joint 
ventures and associates in most countries in which they do business. 
The General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR) came 
into effect in May 2018 and increased penalties up to a maximum of 
4% of global annual turnover for breach of the regulation. The GDPR 
requires mandatory breach notification, a standard also followed 
outside of the EU (particularly in Asia). Non-compliance with data 
protection laws could expose Eni to regulatory investigations, which 
could result in fines and penalties as well as harm the Company’s 
reputation. In addition to imposing fines, regulators may also 
issue orders to stop processing personal data, which could disrupt 
operations. The Company could also be subject to litigation from 
persons or corporations allegedly affected by data protection 
violations. Violation of data protection laws is a criminal offence in 
some countries, and individuals can be imprisoned or fined. 
If any of the risks set out above materialize, they could adversely 
impact the Group’s results of operations, cash flow, liquidity, business 
prospects, financial condition, and shareholder returns, including 
dividends, the amount of funds available for stock repurchases and 
the price of Eni’s shares.
g) Eni is exposed to treasury and trading risks, including liquidity 
risk, interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk, commodity price risk 
and credit risk and may incur substantial losses in connection with 
those risks
Eni’s business is exposed to the risk that changes in interest rates, 
foreign exchange rates or the prices of energy commodities will 
adversely affect the value of assets, liabilities or expected future 
cash flows. The Group does not hedge its exposure to volatile 
hydrocarbons prices in its business of developing and extracting 
hydrocarbons reserves and other types of commodity exposures 
(e.g. exposure to the volatility of refining margins and of certain 
portions of the gas long-term supply portfolio) except for specific 
markets or business conditions. The Group has established risk 
management procedures and enters financial derivatives contracts 
to hedge its exposures to different commodity indexations and 
to currency and interest rates risks. However, hedging may not 
function as expected. In addition, Eni undertakes commodity 
derivatives contracts to optimize commercial margins or with a 
view of profiting from expected movements in market prices. Those 
derivatives may or may not be risk-reducing. Although Eni believes 
it has established sound risk management procedures to monitor 
and control commodity trading, this activity involves elements of 
forecasting and Eni is exposed to the risk of incurring significant 
losses if prices develop contrary to management expectations and 
to the risk of default of counterparties. 
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Eni is exposed to the risks of unfavorable movements in exchange 
rates primarily because Eni’s consolidated financial statements are 
prepared in Euros, whereas Eni’s main subsidiaries in the Exploration 
& Production sector are utilizing the U.S. dollar as their functional 
currency. This translation risk is unhedged. As a rule of thumb, 
a depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the euro generally has an 
adverse impact on Eni’s results of operations and liquidity because it 
reduces booked revenues by an amount greater than the decrease in 
U.S. dollar-denominated expenses and may also result in significant 
translation adjustments that impact Eni’s shareholders’ equity. 
Eni’s credit ratings are potentially exposed to risk from possible 
reductions of the sovereign credit rating of Italy. Based on the 
methodologies used by Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s, a potential 
downgrade of Italy’s credit rating may have a potential knock-on 
effect on the credit rating of Italian issuers such as Eni and make it 
more likely that the credit rating of the debt instruments issued by 
the Company could be downgraded.
Eni is exposed to credit risk. Eni’s counterparties could default, 
could be unable to pay the amounts owed to it in a timely 
manner or meet their performance obligations under contractual 
arrangements. These events could cause the Company to recognize 
loss provisions with respect to amounts owed to it by debtors of 
the Company and cashflow shortfall. For example, in 2024 we 
continued incurring credit losses in connection with our supplies 
of equity gas the national oil company of Venezuela “PDVSA” due 
to the financial difficulties of our counterpart and the effect of US 
sanctions. The exposure towards PDVSA has reached about €2.1 
billion. More information on this issue are reported in the notes to 
the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Liquidity risk is the risk that suitable sources of funding for the Group 
may not be available, or that the Group is unable to sell its assets 
on the marketplace to meet short-term financial requirements and 
to settle obligations. Such a situation would negatively affect the 
Group’s results of operations and cash flows as it would result in 
Eni incurring higher borrowing expenses to meet its obligations or, 
under the worst conditions, the inability of Eni to continue as a going 
concern. 
If any of the risks set out above materializes, this could adversely 
impact the Group’s results of operations, cash flow, liquidity, business 
prospects, financial condition, and shareholders returns, including 
dividends, the amount of funds available for stock repurchases and 
the price of Eni’s shares.
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For the main business and economic-financial evolutions please refer to the following sections: Strategy, Financial Review and Risk factors 
and uncertainties.
Outlook
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Sustainability 
Statement 
LEGEND
Link to the Management Report and to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Internal links to the Sustainability Statement
External link 
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General information 	
134
Sustainability for Eni 	
134
Basis for preparation	
134
Process and results of the double materiality assessment	
135
Statement on due diligence	
141
The regulatory system	
142
Stakeholder engagement	
143
Main categories of stakeholders involved and methods of engagement 	
144
Climate change 	
146
Environment and Eni’s management system	
162
Pollution	
163
Water resources	
168
Biodiversity	
171
Resource use and circular economy	
175
EU Taxonomy	
178
Human rights for Eni 	
180
Eni’s own workforce	
183
Health & safety 	
190
Workers in Eni’s value chain	
195
Local communities	
199
Clients and consumers 	
205
Business conduct	
209
Reporting principles and criteria	
218
Introduction	
218
Policies: Code of Ethics and regulatory system	
219
Metrics: methodologies 	
221
Annex to EU Taxonomy	
230
Content index	
253
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General information
SUSTAINABILITY FOR ENI 
Eni’s mission confirms its commitment to a Just Transition as the 
main challenge for the energy sector by balancing  the need to ensure 
universal access to energy for a continuously growing world population 
with the urgency of tackling climate change through a more sustainable 
energy mix and a socially just transition. Inspired by the objectives of 
COP 21, Eni has developed a decarbonization strategy for the Group’s 
products and industrial processes that aims for carbon neutrality 
by 2050. The energy transition is also a technological transition, 
which requires industrial capacity, innovation and collaboration to 
improve people opportunities. In this context, also thanks to the 
stakeholder engagement, Eni is committed to act responsibly, prevent 
and minimize potential negative social and environmental impacts 
on workers, communities, consumers and suppliers that may be 
associated with the company’s traditional activities and the energy 
transition. Eni promotes a culture of health and safety at work across 
all its activities, aimed at preventing risks and protecting people, 
including employees and contractors, and its assets. At the same 
time, Eni plays an active role in the of human capital development, 
in promoting well-being, in protecting the environment and respecting 
human rights. In addition, Eni is committed to transparency, fighting 
any form of corruption and collaborates with its partners, including 
suppliers and customers, accompanying them towards sustainable 
development. Finally, to contribute to the achievement of the United 
Nations “Sustainable Development Goals” and to the growth of the 
Countries in which it operates, Eni is committed to building alliances 
with national and international development cooperation actors. 
These goals, also reflected in the company mission, are an important 
reference for Eni in managing the business activities. This approach is 
also confirmed by the application, from January 1st 2021, of the 2020 
Corporate Governance Code, which identifies “sustainable success” 
as the guiding objective for the management’s action; the Eni’s  
Business model also incorporates these sustainability principles.
BASIS FOR PREPARATION
Eni’s 2024 Consolidated Sustainability Statement (hereafter 
Sustainability Statement) is prepared in accordance with 
Legislative Decree 125/2024 and the European Sustainability 
Reporting Standards (ESRS), including the disclosure obligations 
provided for by Article 8 of EU Regulation 852/2020 (  European 
Taxonomy). The document follows the structure of the topical 
standards and it is divided into three areas: environmental, social 
and governance; to avoid duplication regarding topics already 
covered or for further information, the Sustainability Statement 
refers to other sections of the  Management Report for topics 
already covered or for further information (as shown in the table 
below and in the  Content Index, which includes the list of all 
datapoints, their cross-references, the adoption of transitional 
measures, the so-called phase-in, and information deriving 
from other EU laws). In particular, the 
 Management Report 
describes Eni’s business model and governance, the Integrated 
Risk Management system and the risk and uncertainty factors 
detailing the main risks and impacts along with the mitigation 
actions. The Sustainability Statement, prepared on a consolidated 
basis, is approved by the Board of Directors and is subject to 
limited assurance. For further details on the basis for preparation 
(consolidation area, methodologies for calculating the indicators, 
glossary, etc.), please refer to the  Reporting principles and 
criteria section at the end of the document.
CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE 
REQUIREMENT OF ESRS STANDARD
REFERENCE
Corporate Management, Governance and Remuneration Model
 Management Report/Governance
Business Model, Strategy and Value Chain 
 Management Report/Activities, Business Model and Strategy
Due Diligence Statement 
Sustainability Statement
Internal Control System in the Sustainability Statement 
 Management Report
Stakeholder engagement activity 
Sustainability Statement
Risk Management Model 
 Management Report/Integrated Risk Management
Materiality Analysis and material IROs
Sustainability Statement
Thematic Standards and Taxonomy 
Sustainability Statement
Reporting  principles and criteria
Sustainability Statement
Content Index 
Sustainability Statement
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The 2024 materiality assessment, aimed to identify the sustainability 
issues most relevant to Eni and its stakeholders, has been updated 
based on ESRS standards to include the two perspectives of double 
materiality, through: (i) the identification of the most significant impacts 
– positive and negative, actual and potential – generated by the 
organization on the environment and people, including human rights 
impacts (so-called “impact materiality” or “inside-out” perspective); (ii) 
the identification of risks and opportunities arising from sustainability 
related topics that may significantly affect the company’s development, 
performance and financial position in the short, medium or long-term 
(so-called “financial materiality” or “outside-in” perspective). Eni’s 
materiality process included the following phases:
• Identification of the list of potentially relevant material topics 
related to Eni’s activities and its value chain1, both upstream 
and downstream, with a top-down approach that considered the 
company’s objectives, the insights from benchmark and context 
analyses2, the aspects required by the ESRS and the GRI industry 
standards,  and the results of the human rights due diligence process 
and particularly the mapping of Eni’s so-called Salient Human Rights 
Issues3 (see  Human rights for Eni). Moreover, the materiality 
assessment of Eni and its subsidiaries of the previous year was 
aslso taken into account. In addition, in order to reflect the interests 
of different stakeholders, the priority material topics reported by the 
functions that engage with different groups of stakeholders during 
the year were considered (see  Stakeholder Engagement).
• Identification of impacts, risks and opportunities (IROs) associated 
with potentially relevant topics. The identification of impacts relied 
on both the analysis of public sources4 and the advice of internal 
managers. In fact, thanks to their experience, they identified the 
(1) For more details on Eni’s value chain, see  Activities.
(2) With reference to the analysis relating to the value chain, see  Value chain and main impacts.
(3) This materiality assessment, limited to social topics, is drawn up on the basis of the mapping activities of the so-called salient human rights issues, and therefore includes the 
potential negative impacts in relation to the most significant issues in the field of human rights (see  Human rights for Eni), in line with the provisions of the international reference 
instruments; the representation of the impacts actually verified in the reporting year takes place in the “Actions” sections, within the various social thematic chapters.
(4) For example, ENCORE (a platform that, depending on the sector it belongs to, contributes to the identification of impacts, risks and dependencies related to the environment) and the 
WBCSD publications for the Oil & Gas sector for environmental impacts and the UNEP Tools for social impacts.
(5) The likelihood of current impacts has not been assessed, as the impact has occurred.
impacts in relation to the company activities, considering any 
relevant aspects of the value chain, as well as specific activities 
in the various business operations, and geographical areas that 
could be subject to high risk of negative impacts. The identification 
of risks associated with potentially significant issues is carried 
out through a broader Integrated Risk Assessment process, (  
Integrated Risk Management) in which risks are identified, analysed 
and measured in relation to the achievement of Eni’s main targets. 
The results of the assessment also include risks associated to ESG 
issues, including risks deriving from dependencies on natural, human 
and social resources and risks related to impacts on the environment 
and people. The opportunities were identified in alignment with 
the Strategic Plan, ensuring the identification of initiatives actually 
pursued by the company.
• Definition of the Impacts, Risks and Opportunities (IROs) 
assessment model, in which, in accordance with the ESRS 
standards and the EFRAG Guideline on materiality, assessment 
scales have been identified. The drivers connected to the 
scales have been defined, (i) for impact materiality, in terms of 
significance, expressed as a combination of the ratings assigned 
to magnitude, scope and irremediable nature (the latter for 
negative impacts) of each impact, in relation to the likelihood of 
occurrence5 (ii) for financial materiality, in line with the Integrated 
Risk Management model, risks are assessedby combining the 
likelihood of the risks with the magnitude of the effects, measured 
by quantitative and qualitative metrics (e.g., respectively, 
economic-financial, based on the reduction of operating cash 
flow or net profit, and reputational, based on the duration of the 
effect and the stakeholders involved).
PROCESS AND RESULTS OF THE DOUBLE MATERIALITY ASSESSMENT 
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For both perspectives, the model provides the likelihood to be assessed 
on a scale from 1 to 5, and the significance (impact materiality) and 
magnitude of effects (financial materiality) to be assessed on scales 
from 1 to 5. For opportunities, the materiality testing is carried out by 
considering the combination of likelihood  assessment and materiality, 
the latter assessed using a qualitative scale (defined by two relevance 
levels) and a quantitative scale based on the level of Capex and Opex. 
Regarding the likelihood of occurrence, a two-dimensional scale is used, 
the highest level of which is associated with opportunities included in 
the four-year strategic plan. The negative impact of climate change has 
been considered significant based on the scientific consensus. 
• Assessment of the significance of IROs. For the impact materiality, 
the assessment was carried out by the competent corporate 
functions at central level through an IT platform6 that tracks the 
assessment process. A number of key subsidiaries were then 
involved to identify and assess potential additional impacts specific 
to their business/sector7. On the basis of the overall assessments, 
impacts were selected as materials when, on the basis of a two-
dimensional matrix that considers likelihood and relevance, they 
exceeded the materiality threshold defined internally (corresponding 
to Tier 1 and 2 out of a total of 3). For financial materiality, risks 
are assessed in terms of  likelihood and magnitude of effects and 
represented in a matrix that distinguishes three areas (Tier 1, 2, 3 
in descending order of importance): the risks in Tier 1 and Tier 
2 categories are considered as the main risks of Eni or Top Risk 
(see  
 Integrated Risk Management). All Top Risks associated 
with potentially material topics are considered material risks for 
the purposes of financial materiality. Assessments are based on 
data and assumptions, that vary according to the nature of the 
risk; these assumptions take into account, where available and 
according to their significance, both historical series of events that 
have occurred and prospective estimates defined with the support 
of specialist functions (e.g. market scenario forecasts). The scope of 
risk assessment activities is determined by applying qualitative and 
quantitative criteria for the selection of subsidiaries included in the 
assessment process, in order to ensure adequate levels of coverage 
of the company’s objectives. The assessment of opportunities is 
an integrated process which, in addition to the Sustainability and 
Integrated Risk Management functions, involves the Strategic 
Planning department to ensure consistency with business plan 
forecast and with the actual initiatives implemented or planned. 
(6) This platform allows the corporate functions to assess the impacts, with consequent traceability of the assessments and related changes. Moreover, the materiality assessment of 
the KPIs associated with the various topics has also been tracked. 
(7) For further information on the possible connection between material impacts and commercial activities/relationships, see the sections describing the IROs in the individual chapters.
(8) The involvement of the administrative and supervisory bodies took place during the specific presentation of material IROs for the Sustainability Statement. The management was 
involved, based on their specific responsibility, in the IRO evaluation processes.
(9) The impacts, risks and opportunities shown in the table are associated with the topics proposed by the ESRS to which aspects relevant to the business and/or the sector have been 
associated (such as Asset Integrity aspects for safety, transparency of payments in the broader topic of Business Conduct and Cyber security as an aspect related to the privacy topic 
of the ESRS).
Based on the assessment of strategic and economic significance 
carried out, only Tier 1 opportunities were considered. 
• Engagement with targeted experts regarding the results of the 
impact materiality assessment following the internal evaluation; 
these meetings were held with experts of the material topics subject 
to evaluation and/or the CSRD, such as international organizations 
engaged in sustainability issues, auditing/consulting firms, financial 
institutions.
• Definition of the list of relevant IROs and final calibration, 
which provides, based on the assessments carried out and, 
where applicable, the established thresholds, the prioritization of 
impacts, risks and opportunities relevant to the company and the 
possible elimination of non-material IROs. Finally, the results of 
the assessment were analyzed from an overall perspective, taking 
into account both what has emerged during the meeting with the 
experts and the company strategy, in order to calibrate the final list 
of impacts, risks and opportunities. The results of the assessment, 
particularly those concerning relevant IROs, were presented to8 
the Control and Risk Committee, the Sustainability and Scenarios 
Committee and the Board of Statutory Auditors and, to the Board of 
Directors when the Sustainability Statement was approved. 
In identifying impacts, risks and material opportunities, all the Group’s 
business lines were considered to ensure a complete assessment 
and  an initial assessment of the impacts generated by its activities 
along the value chain was carried out (see the  Value chain and 
main impacts), which will be further explored in the coming years. In 
addition, the ideas that emerged from the continuous dialogue with the 
different categories of Eni stakeholders were taken into consideration 
(see  Stakeholder Engagement). The table shows the results of the 
materiality assessment associated with the ESRS topics9. Compared 
to last year, the materiality analysis has been updated taking into 
account the requests of the ESRS which, as indicated above, in 
addition to extending the scope of assessment to opportunities and 
the value chain, defines the reference  methodology. The results of 
the analysis confirm a substantial alignment of the material topics 
of the past year. Based on the identification of the material IROs, the 
corrisponding topics and sub-topics as well as the related material 
datapoints of the ESRS standards have been identified, and are 
disclosed in the thematic chapters, where the specific impacts and 
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the connections with the activities and strategy are explored in 
depth. To support the materiality assessment process,  appropriate 
control measures have been defined, in line with the best practices 
of reference and integrated into the overall internal control system on 
financial and non-financial reporting. For more details on the business 
activities about material impacts and related actions to the identified 
IROs, please refer to the in-depth analysis on IROs in the individual 
thematic chapters. The effects of IROs on the business model and 
strategy are also addressed within these thematic sections including, 
for example, the climate strategy which is closely linked to the business 
model and the supplier engagement strategy for a sustainable 
supply chain. Regarding the main strategic, industrial, market and 
regulatory risks to which the Group is exposed, please refer to the  
Integrated Risk Management and  Risk factors and uncertainties, 
while for further information on the Group’s results in 2024, please 
refer to the  Commentary on the Economic and Financial Results. 
With regard to the current financial effects deriving from material 
risks and opportunities, there is nothing to highlight during the year; 
for further information on the results of the impairment test and on 
the provisions for the financial statements, in particular those related 
to site restoration and abandonment (for which the amortization is 
concluded), to environmental remediation and to the dismantling/
removal of industrial plants that are not competitive in the current 
market scenario, for which there are no economic alternatives for 
conversion, (see  Note 21 “Provisions” of the Consolidated Financial 
Statements). In addition, please refer to the paragraph dedicated to 
the  European Taxonomy for a reclassification of investments based 
on the technical criteria provided by the European Regulation.
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MATERIAL ISSUES FOR ENI AND ITS STAKEHOLDERS10 11 12 13 14 
(10) Potential impacts: impacts that have a likelihood  of occurrence in the short, medium and long term. 
(11) Actual impacts: impacts that have occurred in the last reporting year or are currently occurring.
(12) The reference time horizons can be short (S), medium (M) and long (L) term. 
(13) For a detailed description of the individual risks, see  Integrated Risk Management section of the Management Report.
(14) For other circular economy opportunities, see those mentioned for Climate Change (Biorefining and Chemical Development from Renewables).
(15) This impact was also noted in the environmental section.
TOPIC
IMPACT MATERIALITY
IMPACT DESCRIPTION
(+) positive o (-) negative (P) potential10 or (A) actual11 
TIME  
HORIZON12 
CLIMATE CHANGE
(-) Climate-changing emissions. (A)
POLLUTION
(-) Release of pollutants into the air. (A)
(-) Release of pollutants into the soil, including oil spill. (A)
(-) Release of pollutants into water. (A)
WATER RESOURCES 
(-) Fresh water consumption. (A)
BIODIVERSITY
(-) Degradation or loss of biodiversity (habitats, ecosystems and species) of ecosystem services. (A)
RESOURCE USE  AND 
CIRCULAR ECONOMY
(-) Waste production and treatment. (A)
(+) Contribution to the conservation of resources and environmental benefit through the conversion and  
redevelopment of assets and the use of secondary or renewable raw materials. (A)
OWN WORKFORCE
(-) Occupational diseases and impacts on employee’s health. (A)
(+) Health promotion initiatives. (A)
(+) Impact on workers’ well-being due to welfare initiatives. (A)
(+) Development of employee skills aimed at professional growth. (A)
(-) Failure to respect labour rights (including: working hours; wages; freedom of association and collective  
bargaining; safety). (P)
(-) Discrimination at work and lack of respect for equal treatment and opportunities. (P)
(-) Physical, psychological, or verbal violence and harassment (including gender-based harassment). (P)
(-) Workplace injuries. (A)
(-) Service interruptions and impacts on the environment and people caused by accidents (including Process Safety)  
and asset and infrastructure failures(15) (P). 
(-) Impact on the workforce with reference to industrial conversions and transformations (P).
WORKERS IN THE VALUE 
CHAIN
(-) Failure to respect labour rights for workers in the value chain (including: working hours; wages). (P)
(-) Limitations on freedom of association and collective bargaining;  
right to strike for workers in the value chain. (P)
(-) Discrimination at work and lack of respect for equal treatment and opportunities. (P)
(-) Recourse to forms of forced labour. (P)
(-) Physical, psychological, or verbal violence and harassment (including gender-based harassment). (P)
(-) Exploitation of child labour in work activities. (P)
(-) Workplace injuries. (A)
(-) Occupational diseases and health impacts on contractors. (P)
(+) Health promotion initiatives. (A)
(-) Failure to respect the right to secure employment (informality of employment, unclear contractual conditions,  
repeated renewals of precarious contracts). (P)
AFFECTED  
COMMUNITIES
(+) Development of communities and the local entrepreneurial network. (E)
(-) Impacts on land rights with repercussions on livelihoods and economic, social and cultural rights.  
Involuntary displacement/resettlement and inadequate compensation. (P)
(-) Reduced access to essential resources and livelihoods. (P)
(-) Restrictions on freedom of expression and association of Human Right Defender, intimidation, threats and physical  
or judicial attacks in retaliation for defensive actions carried out. (P)
(-) Impacts on the safety, health and freedom of communities caused by violent actions by security forces, both private  
and governmental. (P)
(-) Physical, psychological, or verbal violence and harassment (including gender-based harassment). (P)
(-) Impact on the health of communities due to business activities. (P)
(+) Impact on community health due to voluntary community health projects. (A)
(-) Impacts on the specific rights of indigenous peoples. (P)
(-) Exacerbate/indirectly contribute to serious human rights violations due to the conflict situation. (P)
CLIENTS AND 
CONSUMERS
(+) Offering high-quality decarbonised products and services in line with customer needs, in compliance with transparent  
and fair business practices, simultaneously promoting a culture of sustainable energy use. (A)
(-) Unclear advertising campaigns or misleading or aggressive commercial practices. (P)
BUSINESS CONDUCT
(+) Sustainable growth of the entrepreneurial system through the dissemination of sustainability principles. (A)
(+) Transparency and correct use of government revenues for the benefit of the local population and prevention of corruption. (A)
(-) Episodes of national and/or international corruption ascertained by a final judgment. (P)
(+) Institutional engagement activities, including advocacy, aimed at enhancing the company’s commitment to the energy  
transition path. (A)
INNOVATION AND CYBER 
SECURITY ASPECTS
(+) Technological development and innovation in the energy sector thanks to investments in Research and Development  
and patents. (A)17 
(-) Loss of confidentiality and/or integrity of information or unavailability of IT systems supporting the business following  
a cyber security incident with possible propagation to the IT systems of suppliers and partners. (P)18
Long-term time horizon
Medium-term time horizon
Short-term time horizon
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15 16 17 18
(16) This opportunity is already reported for the  Climate change topic and also reported here, as it is also aimed at end customers.
(17) The impact is represented separately, as research and technological innovation activities make it possible to access new energy resources, and is therefore transversal to all 
business activities, but is considered material in particular within the  Climate Change topic, in line with the draft EFRAG sector standard.
(18) Represented separately for the simplicity and conciseness of the representation, but the impact related to Cyber security is underlying the social aspects and is linked to the sub-
sub-topic Privacy: for workforce, workers in the value chain and customers and consumers.
FINANCIAL MATERIALITY
RISKS13
OPPORTUNITIES
Climate Change (physical and transition risks) 
Opportunities to develop products and services with reduced emission impact and technologies for the mitigation and offsetting of GHG emissions:
•	 Renewable capacity development
•	 Electric vehicle charging points
• Biorefining with Agri Feedstock
•	 Chemistry from renewable raw materials
•	 CCUS project development
•	 Magnetic fusion
Accidents
Blowout 
-
-
-
Expansion of the remediation and waste treatment business thanks to technological development and internal know-how in view of the growing 
demand for these services on the market14 
Accidents
Blowout
Global Security Risk
Biological Risk
Attraction and retention of qualified human resources for new businesses
-
-
Relationships with local stakeholders
Accidents 
Blowout
Ensure access to new business opportunities through discussion and engagement with local stakeholders and in collaboration with civil society 
organizations and institutions
-
Opportunities to develop products and services with reduced emission impact and technologies for the mitigation and offsetting of GHG emissions16
-
Growth in the sustainability performance of the Eni supply chain and the business system, with a leadership role for Eni in the Open-es alliance and 
digital platform 
Cyber Security
Use of collaborations, skills and technological insights from outside, developing and enhancing technologies internally to meet operational needs 
from the business
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The resilience of the strategy to 
material IROs
The assessment of the resilience of the strategy with respect to 
material impacts, risks and opportunities is integrated into the process 
of defining the Strategic Plan starting from the preparation of the 
proposal, considering the underlying risk profile, up to the examination 
by the Board of Directors, which is called upon to assess the degree 
of compatibility of the risks with a company management in line with 
the strategic objectives identified. The assessment of compatibility 
between risks and strategic objectives is supported by the Integrated 
Risk Management activities that provide an overall view of the main 
corporate risks, including those related to sustainability issues; their 
assessment takes into account the mitigation actions implemented. 
The risk profile underlying the four-year Strategic Plan is further explored 
through the integrated assessment of the effects of risks on financial 
objectives, as well as the analysis of the de-risking effectiveness 
actions of the strategic risks. In addition, in the process of defining 
the Corporate Strategic Plan, considerations regarding the mitigation 
measures of negative impacts are integrated as well as aspects relating 
to the achievability of positive impacts and significant opportunities 
identified in order to ensure the achievement of the objectives set. With 
regard to safeguards, the Company adopts different solutions aimed at 
mitigating the significant impacts as well as exposure to the main risks 
to which it is subject, described in the   Integrated Risk Management 
chapter and in the specific chapters of the  Sustainability Statement. 
In addition, Eni conducts both dedicated scenario analyses, aimed at 
verifying the resilience of the strategy with respect to climate-related 
impacts and risks, (discussed in the  Climate Change chapter), and 
resilience analyses for  Biodiversity. For social topics, Eni has adopted 
corporate  Due Diligence processes and systems in line with the 
reference frameworks and best practices, that allow the company 
to identify and manage the potential negative impacts related to its 
operations, its value chain, as well as its products or services and its 
business relationships (see  Human Rights for Eni). 
Value Chain and Main Impacts SBM3 48a
Eni is an integrated energy company, operating across the entire 
value chain, from the exploration, development and extraction of 
resources19 to the marketing of energy, products and services to end 
customers. Eni’s  Business Model combines the use of technologies, 
largely proprietary, enhancing internal skills and a strategic network of 
collaborations, with the development of an innovative satellite model, 
which provides for the creation of dedicated companies capable of 
independently accessing the capital market to finance their growth. 
Partnerships and alliances with stakeholders are relevant to the 
(19) For more information on the types of revenues, see  Financial review.
(20) Suppliers belonging to the MSG Procurement boundary holding the contracts of the most significant value.
(21) Platform to support companies in the path of measurement and growth in the ESG field with the aim of creating value and benefits for the entire entrepreneurial system.
(22) Among the material issues for the Value Chain, it should be noted that the following issues emerged from the analysis of the data of strategic suppliers on the Open-es platform: 
(i) climate change; (ii) human rights of workers; (iii) ESG oversight in the supply chain.
achievement of these objectives to ensure their engagement in Eni’s 
activities and in the transformation of the energy system. For the 
identification and assessment of potentially material topics for the 
value chain, for the first year of application of the CSRD Directive, an 
analysis was carried out based on the information currently available 
at company level regarding the impacts that can be generated 
within its value chain. On the basis of these insights, given the 
complexity of the value chain of a company like Eni, that operates in 
different geographical areas and industrial sectors, the assessment 
considered widespread impacts throughout the entire value chain, 
regardless of the business and specific activity. As regards the 
main impacts of the value chain, these were identified and analysed 
consulting with the internal departments in charge, and interviewing 
some external experts regarding the impacts, in order to assess their 
materiality. In addition, with regard to the upstream value chain, an 
in-depth study was carried out on the materiality assessment and 
the relevant issues for the main suppliers20 through the analysis 
of their data declared on the Open-es platform21, corroborated by 
a comparison with the internal specialist functions that deal with 
procurement. Among the topics that emerged22 from the in-depth 
studies, the material ones were selected based on the criterion 
of their pervasive presence along the entire supply chain; this 
threshold confirms the relevant topics already explored in the past 
reporting. Climate change has been identified as one of the main 
topics, with impacts both on upstream and downstream of the value 
chain. In particular: (i) industrial activities in the upstream business, 
considering the significant energy-intensive/emission profile of 
certain portions of the supply chain with particular reference to 
upstream industrial activities (such as drilling, production and 
construction of plants with high energy and emission consumption), 
generate emission impacts; (ii) in the downstream business activities, 
on the other hand, the emission impacts derive mainly from the use 
of the products and services sold (Scope 3, see  Climate Change/
Metrics chapter). Another relevant topic concerns the potential 
impacts on workers’ human rights, including safety, in particular 
in the supply activities characterized by a high use of labour, such 
as maintenance, construction or general service activities, defined 
as “labour intensive” (see  Workers in Eni’s value chain chapter). 
In addition, the significant involvement of large operators (e.g. 
EPC Contractors) who in turn have important supply chains, could 
generate potential negative social and/or environmental impacts, if 
not adequately managed. The breadth and complexity of the value 
chain, involving a plurality of jurisdictions, determine a greater 
exposure to the impacts deriving from the loss of confidentiality 
of information related to cyber security aspects and, regarding the 
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upstream activities, to the impacts related to corruption episodes 
(see  Business Conduct chapter). At the same time, considering 
the downstream value chain, customer relationship management 
implies potential impacts related to unclear advertising campaigns 
or commercial practices, and the integration of communication 
systems represents a potential risk factor in the processes of 
managing information and related confidentiality (see  Clients and 
Consumers). For more information on the structure of the value 
chain, please refer to the  Activities section.
STATEMENT ON DUE DILIGENCE 
Eni has established over time multiple corporate management 
processes and systems in the social, environmental, climate and 
business conduct fields, inspired by the most advanced industry 
standards. These processes and systems are integrated into 
corporate governance and strategy to ensure that Eni’s operations 
comply with national and international regulations and promote 
responsible practices while conducting its activities. In particular, 
(23) The main OECD reference sources on good business conduct are “OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct” (2018), “OECD Guidelines for Multinational 
Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct” (2023), “Managing Climate Risks and Impacts Through Due Diligence for RBC - a tool for Institutional Investors” (2023), “Responsible 
Business Conduct for Climate Action” (2024). It is a framework of soft law regulations that defines general principles not declined by sector, with technical-scientific implications that 
are still being studied.
human rights due diligence is in line with the United Nations 
Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the OECD 
Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. The due diligence with 
reference to climate change has only recently been made explicit in 
the OECD Guidelines (OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 
on Responsible Business Conduct - June 2023); to date, its 
implementation methods suffer from the absence of prescriptive 
rules and reference best practices23 and are therefore still subject 
to interpretation. In this context, on the basis of the analyses carried 
out, Eni believes that it is substantially in line with the principles 
expressed by the OECD as represented in the  Climate Change 
chapter, provided that the attention and permanent monitoring 
of the reference regulatory corpus and best practices to follow its 
developments. In order to facilitate the consultation of the present 
document, the following is a mapping of the information provided 
within the Sustainability Statement  regarding the Due Diligence 
process, considering that some activities may not be unequivocally 
refer to one of the “Phases of Due Diligence” indicated below.
Taking action to address those adverse impacts
Tracking the effectiveness of these efforts and communicating
Engaging with affected stakeholders
Identifying and assessing adverse impacts
Embedding due diligence in governance, strategy and business model
PARAGRAPHS OF THE STATEMENT
PHASES OF DUE DILIGENCE
E
S
G
 Governance section 
Double materiality Assessment Process and Results
The regulatory system
Policies (E1; E2; E3; E4; E5; S1; S2; S3; S4; G1)(a)
Stakeholder engagement with specific paragraphs in the chapters related to the 
engagement of workers (S1), workers in the value chain (S2), communities (S3) 
and customers (S4)
Environment and Eni’s management system
Human rights for Eni
Material impacts, risks and opportunities (IROs) Material (E1; E2; E3; E4; E5; S1; S2; 
S3; S4; G1) 
Actions taken on material IROs (E1; E2; E3; E4; E5; S1; S2; S3; S4; G1)
Target and commitments (E1; E2; E3; E4; E5; S1; S2; S3; S4; G1) 
Metrics (E1; E2; E3; E4; E5; S1; S2; S3; S4; G1)
(a) E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, S1, S2, S3, S4, G1 refer to the environmental, social and governance standards of the ESRS.
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THE REGULATORY SYSTEM
In order to allow the concrete implementation of the provisions of 
the mission and to guarantee the integrity, transparency, fairness and 
effectiveness of its processes, Eni adopts rules for the performance of 
corporate activities and the exercise of powers, ensuring compliance 
with the general principles of traceability and segregation. All Eni’s 
operating activities can be traced back to a map of processes that are 
functional to the company’s activities and integrated with the control 
needs and principles set out in the compliance and governance 
models and based on the By-laws, the Code of Ethics24 and the 
Corporate Governance Code, Model 231, the principles of Eni’s control 
system on financial and sustainability reporting and the CoSO Report 
Framework (Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway 
Commission). On 26th January 2023, the Board of Directors of Eni 
SpA updated the fundamental lines of the Regulatory System Policy, 
following an update and revision project that led to an evolution of the 
architecture, instruments and rules of the Regulatory System in line 
(24) The 
 Code of Ethics, renewed in 2020, expresses the corporate values that characterize the commitment of Eni’s people and all third parties who work with the company: integrity, 
respect for and protection of human rights and the environment, transparency, promotion of development, operational excellence, innovation, team work and collaboration. These values 
support the company in defining the appropriate administration and control structure, in the adoption of an effective internal control and risk management system, in communicating 
with shareholders and other stakeholders. 
(25) For an in-depth analysis of the regulatory system and its components, please refer to the 
 2024 Corporate Governance and Shareholding Structure Report.
(26) For further information, see the  Eni Policies: Code of Ethics and Regulatory System chapter.
with the operational and governance requirements of the Eni’s strategy 
that is based on decarbonization but also guaranteeing the security of 
energy supplies and the development of a satellite corporate model 
aimed at maximizing business value. An architecture based on 4 levels 
is confirmed25, combining management and coordination instruments 
aimed at managing business operations. 
 
The regulatory instruments are published on the dedicated system 
accessible from the company website, while those most relevant 
to external stakeholders are accessible directly on the Company’s 
website. In addition to the ECG Policy26, referring to some material 
topics, Eni has over time also adopted public positions on some 
specific topics, approved by the CEO or the Board of Directors. 
The contents of both the ECG Policy and the public positioning 
are explored in the chapters dedicated to material topics, which 
are also accompanied by the principles of the internal regulatory 
framework (described in the figure). 
GENERAL FRAMEWORK OF REFERENCE FOR THE REGULATORY SYSTEM
BY-LAWS
CODE OF ETHICS
MODEL 231
CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE CODE
PRINCIPLES OF ENI’S FIANNCIAL 
REPORTING CONTROL SYSTEM
CoSO REPORT
FRAMEWORK
OPERATION
MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION
POLICY ETHICS, COMPLIANCE & GOVERNANCE 
They define Eni's values and principles (ethics); a systematic framework for 
the implementation of specific regulatory requirements (compliance), 
regulations or international frameworks; the rules of reference for corporate 
governance (governance). They are transversal to business processes.
PROCESS MSG 
They define the guidelines aimed at an adequate management of 
the reference process, in consideration of the specific reference 
principles of the process, the main risks and the control measures 
identified to mitigate them, describing: i) roles and responsibili-
ties; (ii) sub-processes; (iii) mitigation measures.
GLOBAL PROCEDURE / COMPANY PROCEDURE
Global Procedures: define the detailed design of the 
end-to-end sub-processes  operating methods relating to 
ECG subject areas.
Company Procedures: these are procedures issued and 
applicable to each company. 
OPERATING INSTRUCTION
Operating Instruction: describes how specific 
activities, methodologies and/or technical 
aspects are carried out.
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STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 
Eni considers stakeholder engagement a key element to achieve 
sustainability goals, creating long-term value while reducing 
business risks. For this reason, Eni involves all stakeholders to 
prevent and minimize any negative impacts of the energy transition. 
Continuous dialogue is also essential to pursue the objectives 
defined annually within the four-year and long-term Strategic 
Plan. In line with the Code of Ethics, Eni maintains relationships 
based on the principles of fairness, legality, transparency, 
traceability, respect for human rights, inclusion, gender equality 
and protection of the environment and communities. Operating 
in 64 Countries with different socio-economic backgrounds, 
understanding stakeholder expectations, with specific attention to 
vulnerable groups, participation and sharing of choices, objectives 
and business results foster solid relationships and mutual trust. 
This approach responds to the Recommendation of the Code of 
Governance, to which Eni has committed, according to which the 
Board of Directors itself promotes, in the most appropriate ways, 
dialogue with shareholders and other stakeholders relevant to 
the company and is based on the principles established by the 
Board of Directors in the Code of Ethics and in the Policy for the 
management of dialogue with investors. Continuous dialogue 
with each type of stakeholder takes place at all levels of the 
company according to defined responsibilities. In particular, Eni’s 
commitment to carbon neutrality and a just energy transition 
requires a strong involvement: (i) of the  own workforce, also 
through adequate social dialogue, listening initiatives and 
reskilling and upskilling programs to support eventual relocations; 
(ii) of  suppliers to identify and manage the impacts of the energy 
transformation, supporting small and medium-sized enterprises 
in particular, supporting them in the transformation process and 
maintaining competitiveness; (iii)  local communities with the 
aim ofcontributing to the development of economic and social 
opportunities, maximising the positive effects of Eni’s activities on 
the territory; (iv)  consumers to promote conscious and efficient 
energy consumption and offer innovative energy solutions. In 
relation to these groups of right-holders, Eni has developed a  
human rights management system that has been integrated into 
the main corporate processes over the last five years. Finally, 
to support relations with local stakeholders, Eni has adopted a 
“Stakeholder Management System” (SMS), operating at central 
level and at the subsidiaries level, that allows the mapping of 
more than 7,400 stakeholders and makes it possible to support 
the definition of engagement strategies and the management of 
requests and critical issues raised by each stakeholder. The table 
below provides information for each category of stakeholders 
on how they are engaged, the goal of this engagement  and the 
outcome resulting from this dialogue. This dialogue is taken into 
account when definingthe corporate strategy and the   Other 
commitments and targets on ESG issues, as well as the business 
model.
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MAIN CATEGORIES OF STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED AND METHODS OF 
ENGAGEMENT 
CATEGORY
ENGAGEMENT GOAL
ENGAGEMENT OUTCOME
ENI’S PEOPLE AND 
NATIONAL AND 
INTERNATIONAL
UNIONS
•	 Establishing a relationship of trust between society, workers 
and trade unions
•	 Supporting workers’ social protection and respect for HR 
(Human Rights) 
•	 Sharing changes and skills development 
•	 Promoting work-life balance
•	 Achievement of strategic objectives
•	 Up/reskilling skills
•	 Information and consultation of workers’ representatives in 
strategic and operational processes
•	 Updating internal policies
•	 Participation in global initiatives and campaigns for 
people’s well-being
FINANCIAL
COMMUNITY
•   Ensure adequate understanding of:
I.	 strategic choices, value drivers and operating context 
II.	economic-financial performance and ESG 
•	 Prepare communications and presentations aligned 
with the expectations of the financial community
•	 Consider feedback from the financial community for 
policy development and improvement of ESG ratings 
LOCAL COMMUNITIES, 
COMMUNITY BASED
ORGANIZATION AND 
ORGANIZATIONS
FOR COOPERATION
DEVELOPMENT
•	 Consider local expectations and needs and implement 
development projects 
•	 Identify potential negative impacts, prevention and mitigation 
measures, ensuring compliance with HR
•	 Promote and support dialogue and active cooperation, 
including by involving the authorities 
•	 Establish strong and lasting relationships and partnerships 
with all the players in the area
•	 Dissemination of transparent information on Eni’s 
activities 
•	 Promotion and implementation of Local Development 
Programs in line with local needs and the strategic 
frameworks of the United Nations, sharing know-how 
and promoting synergies with the main actors of 
Cooperation
•	 Evaluation and measurement of local development 
through the use of tools and methodologies
CONTRACTORS,
SUPPLIERS AND 
COMMERCIAL  
PARTNERS
•	 Supporting suppliers in managing impacts on people and the 
environment, ensuring compliance with HR
•	 Promoting safety at work throughout the supply chain, 
ensuring safe and dignified working conditions
•	 Guiding suppliers on the energy transition path
•	 Optimization of compliance with a view to anti-corruption and 
HR due diligence on potential third parties at risk
•	 Foster supply chain competitiveness through the adoption of 
sustainable practices that strengthen the resilience of suppliers 
in global markets
•	 Identifying, preventing and mitigating risks at every 
stage of the procurement process
•	 Building a safe, responsible, innovative and international 
supply chain for a fair and sustainable energy transition 
•	 Promotion of training and awareness on ESG and HR 
issues
CUSTOMERS
AND CONSUMERS
•	 Supporting and promoting actions in favour of the just energy 
transition
•	 Create and spread the culture of sustainable energy usage, for 
conscious and efficient consumption
•	 Promotion of business relationships focused on 
customer needs
•	 Providing quality products and services in line with 
specific needs
•	 Supporting financially vulnerable clients, especially 
young people
NATIONAL, EUROPEAN 
AND INTERNATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS
•	 Contribute to the public debate on topics of interest, including 
the energy transition, by representing the company’s position
•	 Creation of partnerships and memberships that promote Eni’s 
business and/or corporate positioning 
•	 Creation of partnerships for projects aimed at contributing to 
the socio-economic and health development of the Countries in 
which Eni is present
•	 Supporting transparent dialogue 
•	 Representation of Eni’s interests at the various 
institutions for the assessment of the impacts of 
policies and regulations
•	 Help improve policy effects and effectiveness
•	 Participation in consultations on policy proposals
UNIVERSITIES, 
INSTITUTES, RESEARCH 
CENTERS AND 
INNOVATION HUB
•	 Promote the development of skills and technological know-how 
to ensure the sustainable transition
•	 Activating an innovative ecosystem for the transition and new 
energy supply chains
•	 Assess and monitor the risks related to business activities on 
the health of workers
•	 Development of innovative solutions, such as magnetic 
confinement fusion
•	 Promotion of scientific research activities 
•	 Supporting dialogue and skills for the transition 
ADVOCACY 
ORGANIZATION, 
TRADE/CATEGORY/ 
CONFINDUSTRIA 
ASSOCIATIONS
•	 Supporting the business in the path of energy transformation 
and transition
•	 Sharing knowledge and experience in the energy transition path
•	 Promote discussion on solutions for energy production, 
research and development
•	 Definition of strategies to support the energy transition
•	 Support for global policies and regulations in the fight 
against climate change
•	 Promotion of sustainable mobility with alternative fuels 
and car sharing
•	 Promotion of new technologies in the blue economy 
•	 Implementation of the Open-es platform
•	 Promotion of sustainable supply chain strategy
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(27)  The topics and priority aspects for engagement with the different categories of stakeholders inform the materiality assessment.  
ENGAGEMENT MODE
2024 ACTIVITIES
MAIN TOPICS27
•	 Encounters
•	 Workshop
•	 Collaborations
•	 Training and awareness-raising initiatives
•	 Meetings of worker/company representative 
Committees.
•	 Awareness of diversity and Zero tolerance policies
•	 Share of the Golden Principles and Rules of Safety
•	 Team building and youth enhancement
•	 The results of the survey for the ~5,000 under 36 resources 
were analyzed and shared with management and specific 
initiatives were launched 
•	 Human capital
•	 Occupational and process health 
and safety
•	 Circular economy and waste 
management
•	 Continuous dialogue, also with top 
management, through the participation/
organization of: events, road-shows, 
conference calls, thematic conferences
•	 Collaboration with ESG ratings
•	 Quarterly presentations and Capital Markets Day
•	 Participation in road shows and specialized conferences
•	 One-on-one meetings with investors
•	 Engagement with investors and proxy advisors on 
shareholders’ meeting issues
•	 Engagement with ESG rating agencies for rating issuance 
•	 ~850 funds contacted
• Economic and financial 
performance
•	 Climate change
•	 Occupational and process health 
and safety
•	 Biodiversity and ecosystems
•	 Value chain workers
•	 Consultations 
•	 Grievance Mechanism
•	 Awareness campaigns
•	 Workshop
•	 Questionnaires and data collection
•	 Institutional meetings
•	 Initiatives and events in the area
•	 Cooperation agreements with development 
cooperation organisations 
•	 Periodic communications on project progress
•	 Request and grievance management
•	 Monitoring activities
•	 Baseline studies, feasibility studies, project evaluations
•	 Presentation of objectives and results
•	 Collaborations with United Nations Agencies (UNIDO, UNESCO, 
ILO, IOM) and civil society organizations (IRC, E4Impact, AVSI, 
Oikos Institute, Doctors with Africa CUAMM and AISPO) and 
National Cooperation Agencies (AICS and USAID)
•	 17 agreements signed for socio-economic development 
initiatives and 4 for community health initiatives
•	 Local development and access to 
energy 
•	 Climate change
•	 Equal treatment 
•	 Community Health 
•	 Training programs and discussion of 
suppliers on specific ESG issues
•	 Survey, assessment and monitoring of 
supplier performance
•	 Awareness-raising activities on ESG issues 
through the initiatives of the Open-es 
Community
•	 Enhancement of best practices 
 
•	 Expansion of the Open-es community: >28,000 member 
companies
•	 Extension of the application of the HR due diligence model
•	  “Sustainable Supply Chain Finance” Programme
•	 Safety & Sustainability Award”Open-es ESG Skills” training 
program aimed at the entire supply chain
•	 Occupational and process health 
and safety
•	 Climate change
•	 Human rights
•	 Responsible management of supply 
chains
•	 Anti-corruption
•	 With customers: information activities 
through dedicated channels; focus groups; 
initiatives and events in the area
•	 With Consumer Associations: initiatives and 
events in the area; dedicated channels
•	 Maintaining customer satisfaction and service quality
•	 20 periodic meetings with Consumer Associations (~500 
representatives in Italy)
•	 Climate change
•	 Customers and consumers 
•	 Meetings, working groups, think tank initiatives
•	 Institutional dialogue 
•	 Participation in events, visits and economic 
promotion initiatives
•	 Partnership
•	 Communication with dedicated channels
•	 In-depth analysis of geopolitical and energy 
scenarios, sustainable development and new 
technologies
•	 Eni’s positioning on issues of interest to policymakers and in 
public events 
•	 Presentation of projects, visits of associations, institutional 
and political delegations to industrial plants, operational sites 
and research centers
•	 Collaboration agreements
•	 Elaboration of rankings and responses to public 
consultations
•	 Climate change, energy transition 
and decarbonization of industry and 
transport
•	 Sector discipline
•	 Strategic industrial projects
•	 Innovation, digitalization and cyber 
security
•	 Sustainable development 
•	 Community health 
•	 Collaborations
•	 Projects
•	 Hub
•	 Agreements
•	 Startups
•	 New four-year agreement with MIT 
•	 Participation in the main national and international 
innovation hubs (e.g. National PNRR Centers and Innovation 
Ecosystems and National Technology Clusters)
•	 First International Network on African Energy Transition launched 
•	 8 business development hubs active in Italy and 2 abroad 
(Kenya and Congo)
•	 >100 innovative startup incubated/accelerated
•	 Research activities in the health sector
•	 Human rights
•	 Climate change
•	 Local development and access to 
energy
•	 Health
•	 Conferences and events
•	 Debates
•	 Training initiatives
•	 Annual meetings and workshops
•	 Participation in projects
•	 >200 companies involved in a sustainable growth path 
•	 Membership of ~10 territorial associations and 3 categories 
to Open-es;
•	 Events and workshops to promote the use of biofuels (HVO), 
accelerate the decarbonization of the maritime and land-
based sector 
•	 Support together with trade associations for activities in the 
field of green and blue economy 
•	 Energy transition
•	 Sustainable mobility
•	 Sustainability for companies
•	 Local development and access to 
energy
•	 Climate change
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POLICIES  AND CLIMATE27 
GOVERNANCE28
[DUE DILIGENCE PHASE 1]
Eni expresses its commitment to combating climate change in its 
Mission and in various company policies, including the Code of 
Ethics, as well as through the definition of a decarbonization strategy 
(For details, please refer to the  Decarbonization Strategy section). 
As explained in the Mission, Eni “concretely supports a socially just 
energy transition, with the aim of preserving the planet, and promotes 
access to energy resources in an efficient and sustainable way for 
all”. The  Code of Ethics states that “Eni is determined to contribute 
positively to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, 
supports a low-carbon and socially fair energy transition, and is 
among the signatories of the Paris Pledge supporting the objectives 
contained in the Paris Agreement. Our commitment to fighting 
climate change includes innovative solutions aimed at reducing 
the impact of our operations through the efficient use of natural 
resources, the protection of biodiversity and water resources, and 
supporting mitigation and adaptation actions in local contexts in 
which we operate. We are also committed to finding technological 
solutions that reduce the impact of our products and favor a circular 
approach”. Eni promotes its responsible conduct along its value chain. 
In particular, it asks its suppliers to commit themselves to protecting 
the environment, optimising the use of resources, and contributing to 
the achievement of plant efficiency and emission reduction targets. 
This collaboration supports the company on the challenging path 
towards Carbon Neutrality. For further information, see the  Supplier 
Code of Conduct. As part of its advocacy activities, Eni dialogues with 
policymakers, both directly and indirectly through trade associations. 
Eni actively contributes its experience as an international energy 
company to the definition of strategies and regulations aimed 
at promoting the path towards Carbon Neutrality, an initiative 
discussed further in the  Transparency and Partnership section. The 
decarbonization strategy is an integral part of Eni’s overall business 
strategy and is also implemented through a structured Corporate 
Governance system, with the Board of Directors and CEO playing 
central roles in managing the main aspects related to climate change. 
The Board of Directors examines and approves the Strategic Plan on 
the CEO’s proposal, which encompasses the four-year plan, medium- 
to long-term plan, industrial business targets, as well as financial 
results and sustainability objectives, including decarbonization 
objectives. In addition, the Sustainability and Scenarios Committee 
(28) For references to the  Code of Ethics, see  The Regulatory system, while for the internal regulatory system, refer to the  Reporting principles and criteria/Policies.
(29) About 300 business-critical managerial resources.
(CSS) is the internal board committee that carries out investigative, 
advisory, and propositional functions related to processes, initiatives, 
and activities aimed at overseeing Eni’s commitment to sustainable 
development throughout the value chain. For an overview of the topics 
discussed by the CSS during the year and other details on the role of 
the various governing bodies, please refer to the  Governance section. 
The effective implementation of Eni’s corporate strategy is supported 
by its Remuneration Policy through incentive systems for Directors, 
General Managers, Executives with strategic responsibilities, and 
other Executive Managers29: These systems include: a) the Long-Term 
Share-based Incentive Plan, which incorporates specific objectives 
related to environmental sustainability and energy transition, (total 
weight of 35%), articulated on targets focused on decarbonization and 
energy transition processes (20% dedicated to reducing net upstream 
scope 1 and 2 equity GHG emissions and 15% towards increasing 
biojet fuel production capacity); b) the Short-Term Incentive Plan is also 
closely linked to Eni’s strategic transformation objectives, including an 
environmental sustainability objective that focuses on the reduction 
of net upstream scope 1 and 2 equity GHG emissions, in line with the 
Long-Term Incentive Plan, 20% for the CEO and management, with 
weights defined based on their assigned responsibilities. For further 
details, please consult the  Report on the Remuneration Policy 2025 
and compensation paid. To support the monitoring and reporting 
of the decarbonization objectives incorporated in the Strategic Plan, 
Eni has developed specific procedures integrated into the internal 
Regulatory System These procedures define, in line with the main 
international standards, the methods for emission reporting (for more 
information, please refer to the  Metrics section). Finally, to support 
Eni’s energy transition journey, the organisational structure continues 
to evolve together with the long-term strategy, while ensuring 
consistency with the corporate mission. The 2024 reorganization, 
which grouped business activities into three main structures, 
reflects this evolution: (i) Transition & Financial is responsible for the 
development and implementation of Eni’s economic and financial 
strategy, including oversight of Plenitude and Enilive; (ii) Global Natural 
Resources manages the upstream Oil & Gas portfolio and oversees 
the development of CCS, and agri-hub businesses. In addition, it 
controls the Power Generation & Marketing business and the Trading 
activities; (iii) Industrial Transformation focuses on the acceleration of 
industrial transformation activities in the Chemical sector (Versalis), 
on the conversion of the traditional downstream operations (Refining), 
and progressing environmental remediation activities (Eni Rewind).
Climate change 
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CLIMATE DUE DILIGENCE RECONCILIATION SCHEME
Eni’s tools and practices related to climate change can be framed within the due diligence phases identified by the OECD 
Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct (2023) and the OECD Due Diligence Guidelines 
(2018), as follows:
1. Integrating due diligence into governance, strategy and business model: Eni expresses its commitment to combating climate 
change in its corporate mission and through various company policies, notably the Code of Ethics. Eni’s decarbonization 
strategy aimed at achieving Carbon neutrality by 2050, is an integral part of the company’s strategy and is implemented 
through a structured Corporate Governance system. The commitment to combat climate change is also embedded in the 
guidelines that steer management performance, through the remuneration policy. Finally, Eni promotes responsible conduct 
along the value chain and in advocacy activities, guided by core principles outlined in the Supplier Code of Conduct and in 
the Assessment of Industry Associations’ Climate Policy Positions. For further information, please refer to  Policies and 
Climate Governance.
2. Identifying and assessing negative impacts: Eni has adopted internal tools and processes to identify GHG emission sources. 
Based on this evaluation, Eni develops an inventory, reports emissions and establishes an priority order for their mitigation, 
also considering the broader climate debate. For further information, please refer to the  Impacts related to climate change 
and  Metrics sections.
3. Taking action to address negative impacts: in order to contribute to the reduction of the Company’s GHG emissions and 
its value chain, Eni has defined a path towards Carbon Neutrality by 2050. This includes a series of publicly announced 
targets with intermediate milestones that will progressively lead to achieving net zero for the indicators (i) Net GHG lifecycle 
emissions scope 1, 2 and 3 (ii) and Net Carbon Intensity associated with the life cycle of products energy sold. For details, 
please refer to  Decarbonization strategy. Furthermore, recognizing the value of a collective action in combating climate 
change, Eni promotes combined multisectoral and global actions. To this end, it collaborates with various stakeholders, 
including academia, civil society, institutions and businesses to identify and promote actions aimed at supporting the energy 
transition. For details, please refer to the paragraph  Partnership for Decarbonization. 
4. Monitoring the effectiveness of interventions: the monitoring of GHG emission reduction targets follows a structured process 
that encompasses strategic planning, the setting of objectives related to management remuneration and the biannual review 
of performance indicators to identify any gaps and adjust priorities for the next cycle (see  Metrics). 
5. Communicating: Eni communicates comprehensive and transparent information on climate-related aspects in compliance 
with legal requirements for sustainability reporting, as well as in accordance with key voluntary guidelines and best practices 
for climate disclosure. In addition, Eni continuously monitors the evolution of both soft and hard law regulations on climate 
matters, assessing the robustness of its frameworks and making adjustments as needed. For details, please refer to the 
paragraph  Transparency in Disclosure. 
IMPACTS, RISKS AND 
OPPORTUNITIES RELATED TO 
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change-related impacts  
(inside-out view) 
[DUE DILIGENCE PHASE 2]
The process undertaken by Eni to identify its climate change-related 
impacts has been guided by scientific30 and regulatory references 
and guidelines31, which indicate that the GHG emission estimation 
(30) The prevailing position of the scientific community identifies GHG emissions as the cause of climate change, while acknowledging that there is no linear relationship between GHG 
emissions and climate change impacts. See AR6 IPCC and, for example, Rial et al., 2004; Trudinger, and Enting, 2005; Millar et al., 2017.
(31) Such as, for example, what is indicated in the section “Disclosure requirement relating to ESRS 2 IRO-1”, paragraph 20, subparagraph a) of ESRS E1.
(32) WBCSD/WRI GHG Protocol Initiative and IPIECA/API/IOGP Petroleum industry guideline for reporting greenhouse gas emissions 2011.
is the criterion for assessing the Company’s negative impact. Aware 
of the need for a collective response to the global decarbonization 
challenge, Eni has long been committed to a path of GHG 
emission reduction towards Carbon Neutrality by 2050. Inspired 
by the recommendations of the main international standards and 
industry best practices32, Eni has implemented internal procedures 
to identify emission sources and methodologies for calculating 
direct and indirect GHG emissions, using a bottom-up approach 
that begins with the assessments at individual industrial sites and 
is subsequently consolidated at the central level. By mapping the 
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emissions associated with the activities of over 600 companies, in 
64 Countries, Eni has created an inventory of both actual direct and 
indirect GHG emissions. To ensure a robust and structured data 
collection and control process, specific procedures and appropriate 
control measures have been implemented. The Group’s emission 
impact is also assessed prospectively by estimating potential 
GHG emissions based on the Strategic Plan defined until 2050. For 
further details, please refer to the sections:  Metrics and  Metrics 
and methodologies.
PRIORITIZATION PROCESS OF EMISSION 
IMPACTS 
Since the early 2000s, Eni has developed and maintained an 
emission inventory that contains information (with breakdown on 
geographical area, business, source type, etc) useful to identify 
priority areas of intervention, while considering key trends in 
the broader climate debate. For instance, decisions made in 
international forums (e.g. COP33), energy and climate scenarios 
and United Nations scientific reports, including those from 
IPCC, provide valuable guidance on the key decarbonization 
levers available (see 
 Scenarios of the main international 
organisations). In particular, the external context analysis 
highlights a focus on reducing Scope 1-2 emissions, on addressing 
interventions where technological mitigation opportunities are 
achievable and on reducing methane emissions, a greenhouse 
gas with a global warming potential34 higher than carbon dioxide 
and for which economically and technically feasible solutions are 
already in place. Based on this findings and its emission inventory 
analysis, Eni has set since 2015 a series of targets to improve 
GHG emissions performance of its assets, with a specific focus 
on methane and flaring. Over the years these targets have been 
continuously strengthened: the number of key indicators has 
increased and the targets have become more challenging and 
ambitious. Since 2020, Eni has defined a pathway and specific 
targets to achieve Carbon Neutrality by 2050, covering the 
entire life cycle of the energy products sold. For details, please 
refer to the  Decarbonization Strategy section. The process 
of identifying, assessing and prioritizing emission impacts is 
reviewed and updated annually, with continuous refinement over 
the years, in line with the advancements of scientific evidence and 
growing international climate awareness.
(33) For example, the decision (1/CMA.5) adopted during COP28 (2023) where progress towards achieving Paris Agreement goal was reviewed and measures, best practices and 
opportunities for Countries in revising their NDCs were identified.
(34) It is the ability of a gas to persist in the atmosphere over a specific time period. For more details, see  Metrics: reference methodologies. 
Climate risks and opportunities for the 
company (outside-in view)
Eni’s double materiality analysis is completed with the identification 
and assessment of climate-related risks and opportunities. The risk 
assessment associated with climate change verifies the possibility of 
changes in the scenario/climatic conditions that may generate transition 
risks (market, regulatory and legal, technological, and reputational) 
and physical risks (acute and chronic) on Eni’s businesses in the short, 
medium, and long term. The risks associated with the implementation of 
the planned strategic actions are also evaluated. The opportunities, on 
the other hand, refer to the potential of developing products and services 
with reduced emission impact and technologies aimed at mitigating and 
offsetting GHG emissions. The identification and assessment of these 
risks are incorporated into Eni’s  Integrated Risk Management Model, 
as described in the  Process and results of the double materiality 
assessment section. The process ensures the detection, consolidation, 
and analysis of Eni risks and supports the Board of Directors in verifying 
the risk profile compatibility with the strategic objectives. Eni also 
monitors the evolution of the main risks and de-risking actions from 
a medium to long term perspective. Risks, including those related to 
climate change, are assessed by considering both the probability 
of occurrence and the potential effects on Eni’s quantitative and 
qualitative objectives over a given time horizon when the risk is likely 
to occur. These risks are also represented on matrices for comparison 
and classification by relevance. On this scale, climate change is 
considered a top risk for Eni.
SCENARIO ANALYSIS 
The identification of Eni’s transition and physical risks and climate 
opportunities is also supported by an in-depth analysis of the 
climate scenarios. In the international context, numerous analysts, 
organizations, energy companies, and sector consultants have 
developed multiple scenarios, each following different construction 
logic and outlining a possible evolution for the future energy system. 
These scenarios derive from a diversified mix of levers, technologies, 
and assumptions about how consumption patterns and policies 
may evolve. These pathways indicate a possible future direction and 
serve as a reference framework to better inform policy guidelines 
and choices. Eni analyzes different future pathways that incorporate 
a heterogeneous mix of solutions and objectives, with particular 
emphasis on the scenarios represented by the IEA and IPCC.
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SCENARIOS OF THE MAIN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
The International Energy Agency (IEA) elaborates three energy scenarios: (i) Stated Policies - STEPS, which is based on existing policies 
and predicts an expected temperature increase of 2.4°C by 2100 (50% probability); (ii) Announced Pledges - APS, which aligns with the 
net zero targets declared by individual Countries, expecting to achieve these targets within the announced timeframe, and forecast a 
temperature increase of 1.7°C by 2100 (probability of 50%); (iii) Net Zero Emissions - NZE, which imposes net zero emissions by 2050, 
aiming to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C with limited overshoot35 (50% probability). These forecasts are based on common 
assumptions about future demographic and economic trends, which are expected to grow at an average rate per year of +0.7% and 
+2.7%, respectively, between 2023 and 2050. Specifically, in the NZE scenario36, of which the IEA provides numerical details only on a 
global scale, the decarbonization of the energy system relies on increased electrification and a substantial rise in the use of intermittent 
renewable energy sources (increasing their share in electricity generation mix from the current 13% to about 75% by 2050). Achieving 
these goals will require improvements in energy efficiency, rapid technological evolution (CCUS, BECCS, and DACS), and a shift in 
consumption habits towards more sustainable standards. In terms of the energy mix, in the NZE scenario, there is a substantial reduction 
in the role of fossil fuels, which are projected to drop from nearly 80% of the world’s energy mix today to just under 15% by 2050, against 
an energy demand decreasing by an average of -0.5% per year between 2023 and 2050. In this context, net CO2 emissions from the 
energy sector – expected to be zero by 2050 – are projected to decline by 30% between 2019 and 2030. This decline is primarily due to 
the global reduction in coal use (the source with the greatest environmental impact), with CO2 emissions related to coal expected to fall 
by 42% ( compared to a projected consumption decrease of -40%), followed by oil (CO2 emissions - 28% vs. a consumption decrease of 
-21%) and to a lesser extent by natural gas (CO2 emissions -14%, vs. consumption drop of -15%). Overall, emissions from the Oil & Gas 
sector are anticipated to drop by approximately 23% between 2019-2030, paralleling an overall consumption decrease of 18% for these 
two sources.
The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), in its latest report (AR6, 2021), proposes 5 possible narratives for the future 
development of the world’s population and economy, known as SSPs (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways). When combined with the 
7 GHG emission concentration pathways, also called RCPs37 (Representative Concentration Pathways), these pathways help define 
various climate scenarios. The IPCC scenarios are grouped into 8 categories (C1-C8)38, based on the projected temperature increase by 
2100 associated with each scenario. 
In particular, category C1 comprises 97 scenarios that aim to limit the global average temperature increase to 1.5°C, either without or 
with a limited overshoot (reaching net-zero between 2030 to 2100, depending on the scenario) (probability >50%). The scenarios in this 
group are based on the sustainable SSP139 or the intermediate SSP240 development pathways and correspond to a low concentration 
of GHG emissions - RCP 1.9. These scenarios envisage various pathways for the decarbonization of the energy system, which, while 
adopting levers and technologies similar to those used by the IEA NZE scenario, propose different combinations. For example, in these 
pathways, electrification does not necessarily depend exclusively on intermittent renewable energy sources, but it can also be supported 
by an increasing use of nuclear power. Additionally, the median expected reduction in global primary energy from coal between 2019-
2030 is approximately 75%, while declines for oil and gas are expected to be around 10%. On the other hand, category C8 includes 
29 scenarios that predict a doubling of global GHG emissions compared to 2015 levels, leading to an increase in the global average 
temperature of more than 4°C. The group describes the potential rise in both the frequency and intensity of various acute and chronic 
weather and climate phenomena (e.g., heat waves, intense rainfall, glacier reductions, etc.). The underlying socioeconomic trend for 
these scenarios follows SSP541, which is associated with a high concentration of GHG emissions - RCP 8.5.  
(35) Overshoot refers to the temporary exceedance of a specified level of global warming, such as 1.5°C. This means that the global temperature peaks above this threshold before 
declining, achieved through anthropogenic removal of CO2 that exceeds the remaining CO2 emissions globally (source: IPCC glossary “Special Report: Global warming of 1.5°). There are 
two types of overshoot: “limited”, which indicates an exceedance of global warming over 1.5°C by about 0.1°C, and “high”, which refers to an exceedance of about 0.1°C-0.3°C. In both 
cases, these exceedances occur over a period of several decades (source: “Climate Change Synthesis Report” IPCC, 2023).
(36) World Energy Outlook 2024.
(37) Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) are scenarios that encompass a time series of emissions and concentrations of all GHGs, aerosols and chemically active gases, 
as well as land use/land cover changes. The term “representative” indicates that each RCP illustrates only one of many possible scenarios that could lead to specific radiative forcing 
characteristics (W m-2). The term “pathway” emphasizes the importance not only of long-term concentration levels but also of the trajectory taken over time to achieve that those levels. 
(source: IPCC Glossary).
(38) The categories range from very low emissions (C1) to very high emissions (C8). Intermediate categories aim to limit global warming to different temperature thresholds: C2 aim for 
1.5°C with a high overshoot; C3-C4 for 2°C; C5 for 2.5°C; C6 for 3°C; C7 for 4°C. (source: “Climate Change Synthesis Report” IPCC, 2023).
(39) SSP1, the “path of sustainability”, is characterised by a high focus on sustainability, inclusive development, reduced economic and social inequalities, and environmental protection 
(source: IPCC Focal Point for Italy).
(40) SSP2, the “intermediate path”, is represented by historical development models continuing throughout the twenty-first century (source: IPCC Focal Point for Italy).
(41) SSP5, the ‘rapid growth pathway’, is characterised by rapid economic growth and an energy-intensive, fossil fuel-based economy, resulting in significant climate challenges (source: 
Climate Change Synthesis Report, IPCC and IPCC Focal Point for Italy).
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Transition risks
The context in which Eni operates is significantly influenced by global 
commitments to achieve carbon neutrality and evolving consumer 
preferences. These factors could lead to a structural decrease in 
hydrocarbon demand in the medium to long term and an increase 
in operating costs in the Oil & Gas sector. Uncertainties regarding 
demand trends and the feasibility/profitability of decarbonization 
technologies create risks around long-term investment decisions. In 
addition, growing attention of the public debate on climate change 
and the increasingly rigorous scrutiny from various stakeholders 
may hinder access to capital markets and potentially jeopardize 
the “license to operate” for oil and gas companies. For an in-
depth analysis of the specific drivers or transition events (market, 
regulatory and legal, technological and reputational), please refer 
to the  Risk factors and uncertainties section. A summary of the 
main risks identified by Eni in relation to these transition events is 
presented in the table below. 
MARKET EVOLUTION
• Uncertainty surrounding the development of markets for new products;
• Shifts in consumer preferences (e.g., decline in global hydrocarbon demand).
REGULATORY AND LEGAL ISSUES
• Introduction of new climate disclosure obligations;
• Uncertainty about the evolution of regulatory frameworks, which could impact long-term strategies;
• Legal proceedings related to climate change and allegations of greenwashing.
TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION
• Profitability concerns and technology-specific risks associated with the transition;
• Delays in the development of essential technologies and related supply chains needed to meet decarbonization targets;
• Insufficient oversight of certain technologies that are critical for the transition.
REPUTATION
• Deterioration of the sector’s image due to allegations of greenwashing;
• Challenges in attracting and retaining talent within the industry;
• Decreased sector’s appeal to investors/lenders, posing a potential risk of divestment.
Eni has outlined treatment measures (see 
 Integrated Risk 
Management) to minimise risks associated with these emerging 
trends. Specifically, Eni assesses potential variables that may 
affect operating costs, such as carbon prices, and closely monitors 
the resilience of its strategy against various transition scenarios 
(see IEA NZE scenario,  Scenarios of the main international 
organizations).
INTERNAL CARBON PRICING [E1-8]
In 2024, Eni implemented an internal carbon pricing mechanism, 
also known as a shadow price, to assess its economic and 
(42) If the local legislation stipulates a carbon tax, this price is incorporated into the base case, and sensitivity analysis is not conducted.
financial exposure to the potential introduction of carbon pricing 
systems in the Countries where it operates. The returns on key 
investment projects are evaluated for sensitivity to an internal 
carbon pricing value set at $45/ton CO2eq. (in real terms, 2021). 
This value is adjusted annually for an inflation rate of 2%. Eni 
applies internal carbon pricing for projects developed in Countries 
without mandatory carbon pricing mechanisms42. The Board of 
Directors reviews the results during the preliminary authorization 
phase of individual investments (Final investment decision - FID) 
that fall within the thresholds established for Board review and 
subsequently during the annual monitoring of these projects. 
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WIND
• Cyclones
• Hurricanes
• Typhoons
TEMPERATURE
•	Wildfires
SOLID MASS 
•	Landslide
WATER
•	Sea level rise 
•	Water stress
•	Drought
• Heavy precipitation (rain, 
hail)
•	Flood (coastal, fluvial, 
pluvial)
Eni conducts a stress test exercise on its current portfolio of assets, 
focusing on the physical risks listed above over a long-term time 
horizon (20/30 years).
This assessment is carried out annually and is continuously refined 
to respond to future developments and enhance the accuracy of 
forecasting models. 
RESILIENCE OF THE STRATEGY TO TRANSITION 
SCENARIOS 
The company’s strategic planning and investment selection/
monitoring processes aim to identify actions that maximise the value 
of the Group’s assets by considering the risks and opportunities 
associated with the energy transition. In this context, action/spending 
plans are regularly defined to achieve short, medium, and long-term 
decarbonization objectives based on a set of base-case assumptions 
regarding the speed of the energy system transformation and the 
consequent repercussions on prices. Progress towards these targets 
is subject to systematic control and reporting. One of the tools 
utilized to assist management in understanding Eni’s exposure to 
transition risk is a sensitivity analysis of the Oil & Gas asset values 
under alternative price scenarios compared to the base case. This 
analysis verifies the variability of asset values and the possible risk of 
distributing unrealized gains in stress scenarios, which include: (i) a 
linear cut of -10% in hydrocarbon prices across all years of cash flow 
projections; (ii) an increase of one percentage point in the discount 
rate (adjusted WACC) used for determining the net present values 
of assets in each Country of operation; (iii) assumptions regarding 
hydrocarbon prices and CO2 costs based on projections from the IEA 
Net Zero Emission 2050 scenario43 (NZE 2050). For further details 
(43) Scenario reported in the World Energy Outlook 2024, IEA-OECD.
(44) The geographical coordinates of Eni’s assets are used to assess the quantitative metrics of the projections related to different natural events at Eni’s sites.
(45) Commission Delegated Regulation EU 2021/2139 - Appendix A.
on the analysis and the respective results, refer to  Note 15 of the 
Consolidated Financial Statements. 
Physical Risks
The physical risks arising from climate change can be determined by 
individual (acute) events or long-term (chronic) changes in climate 
phenomena. These risks can have financial implications for companies, 
including direct damage to assets and indirect impacts due to the 
interruptions in operations and along the value chain. Such disruptions 
can lead to losses in results and cash flow, as well as increased restoration 
and maintenance costs and other effects on the supply chain. Eni has 
established a methodology to assess the exposure to physical risks 
of its owned assets44 and the main third-party assets within its value 
chain, which, if unavailable, may cause repercussions on the operability 
of Eni’s assets. To identify and assess adverse climate events and the 
evolution of physical risks, Eni uses the IPCC SSP5 - 8.5 scenarios, which 
represent extreme scenarios characterised by a temperature increase 
of more than 4°C by 2100 compared to pre-industrial levels (see IPCC 
category C8  Scenarios of the main international organizations). The 
primary climate-related hazards considered by Eni are outlined in the 
table “classification of climate-related hazards”45. These hazards were 
identified based on their relevance to the type of assets Eni possesses. 
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ASSET RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE-RELATED PHYSICAL RISKS
Once the physical risks associated with Eni’s assets (inherent risk) 
are defined, an assessment of the existing mitigations or barriers 
is conducted, considering both physical aspects and the systems 
or procedures in place. The residual risk is then assessed for each 
asset. In the cases where a high level of residual risk is identified, Eni 
implements various actions: (i) for chronic risks (e.g., water stress), 
monitoring activities are planned and carried out, which may lead to 
the subsequent development and execution of an intervention plan; 
(ii) for acute risks, the asset integrity46 process is activated, which 
can result in the definition and implementation of an adaptation plan. 
From the physical risk analyses conducted in 2024 on Eni’s production 
assets and the main assets within the value chain, it emerged that 
Eni’s portfolio is substantially resilient to climate-related physical 
risks. The main reasons for the overall resilience of Eni’s assets at the 
portfolio level are attributable to: (i) the intrinsic resilience of the assets 
themselves (already designed with stringent criteria to withstand 
extreme natural events) and (ii) the geographical diversification of the 
asset portfolio. 
Climate opportunities
While transition events can pose risks, they also offer opportunities 
that require rigorous capital allocation discipline and a well-structured 
strategic planning process. Opportunities are identified through the 
Strategic Plan, which selects those initiatives the company chooses 
to pursue. For further information on identifying and evaluating 
sustainability opportunities, including climate-related ones, refer to 
the  Process and results of the double materiality assessment. 
In order to seize these opportunities, Eni is integrating its business 
model with solutions related to the energy transition, such as the 
growth of renewable energy sources and EV networks through 
Plenitude and also advancing biorefining initiatives through Enilive 
(see chapter  Enilive and Plenitude). At the same time, the company 
is implementing solutions aimed at reducing both its own emissions 
and those of third parties, such as the development of CCUS projects 
(see chapter  CCS and Agri). In addition, Eni continues to invest in 
R&D and is focused on cutting-edge technologies such as magnetic 
fusion. To support the development of these opportunities, Eni has 
established a new corporate structure  (see  Policies and Climate 
Governance) and adopted a satellite model47. This model reduces 
the financial commitment required to grow new businesses while 
clarifying their market value.
(46) Eni applies the asset integrity process to all its assets to ensure the proper design and construction using suitable materials, rigorous operational standards, and appropriate 
decommissioning practices. This process also manages residual risks while ensuring people’s safety, protecting the environment, and safeguarding the company’s reputation.
(47) See page Eni.com  Eni’s satellite model: a distinctive approach.
(48) Certified according to internationally recognized voluntary market standards, which are accompanied by additional certifications to attest to the socio-environmental benefits of the 
project activities (see  Offsets and removals of GHG emissions section).
DECARBONIZATION STRATEGY 
[DUE DILIGENCE PHASE 3]
Decarbonization Plan  
Eni is facing the challenges posed by an increasingly complex and 
rapidly evolving energy context with a strategy aimed at progressively 
reducing both the direct and indirect emission impacts associated with 
its business activities, while providing the energy products required by 
its customers. This strategy combines the needs of (i) environmental 
sustainability; (ii) security of supply,  ensuring the uninterrupted 
availability of sufficient energy resources to power human activities 
and guarantee basic human rights; (iii) energy equity, understood 
as the possibility for citizens to have fair and non-discriminatory 
access to adequate, reliable and affordable energy. In response to 
these challenges, Eni has been committed to reducing its direct GHG 
emissions and was among the first in the sector to establish a series 
of objectives, starting in 2016. These objectives aim to improve the 
GHG emissions performance of its operated assets. Since 2020, Eni 
has defined a pathway towards Carbon Neutrality, expressed through 
a series of objectives with intermediate stages that will progressively 
lead to the Net Zero by 2050 of the Net GHG lifecycle emissions scope 
1, 2, and 3 and Net Carbon Intensity indicators, related to the lifecycle 
of the energy products sold. The stages of this pathway have been 
identified through a prioritization exercise of the different actions, 
based on both internal analyses and the proposed actions from major 
international scenarios aimed at achieving Carbon Neutrality by 2050 to 
help keep the global temperature rise within 1.5°C by 2100. Even within 
comparative limits, the structure of this pathway, in terms of levers 
and emission reduction targets, is substantially compatible with these 
scenarios. For further information, see IPCC category C1 and IEA NZE 
scenarios, in the  Scenarios of the main international organizations, 
 Main GHG emission reduction targets, and  Decarbonization levers 
sections. As part of the reduction of Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions, 
Eni has decided to focus primarily on the Upstream sector, where 
technologically consolidated and economically viable solutions 
are already available. Emissions that are not currently reducible are 
voluntarily offset through high-quality48 carbon credits. Eni has set 
a goal of net zero Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions for the Upstream 
sector by 2030 (Net Zero Carbon Footprint Usptream), and for the 
entire Eni group by 2035 (Net Zero Carbon Footprint Eni). Additionally, 
Eni has a goal of net zero Scope 1, 2, and 3 GHG emissions, related to 
the lifecycle of energy products sold by 2050,  both in absolute terms 
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(Net Zero GHG Lifecycle Emissions) and in terms of intensity (Net Zero 
Carbon Intensity)49. Eni’s decarbonization strategy, which includes 
the commitments to reduce emissions mainly related to the use of 
sold products, also contributes to promoting the decarbonization of 
the value chain (reducing Scope 3 emissions). Eni seeks to develop 
new, high-potential businesses related to the energy transition by 
creating independent companies able to access the capital market 
with autonomy, allowing them to finance their growth by attracting 
specialized investors. 
MAIN GHG EMISSION REDUCTION TARGETS
In continuity with previously declared commitments and considering 
the evolving regulatory environment, Eni has chosen to represent 
(49) All net-zero GHG targets are calculated on an equity basis. 
(50) The targets are defined on an equity basis and, therefore, have a different boundary from that defined by the reporting required by CSRD-ESRS. For more details on the reconciliation 
of boundaries, please refer to the  Metrics section.
(51) WBCSD/WRI GHG Protocol Initiative, A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard.
(52) Estimating petroleum industry value chain (Scope 3) greenhouse gas emissions. Overview of methodologies, IPIECA - 2016.
its pathway towards Carbon Neutrality through targets based on 
indicators defined on an equity-basis50. The Lifecycle indicators (Net 
GHG Lifecycle Emissions and Net Carbon Intensity) are accounted 
for  using a methodology developed in 2020 in collaboration with 
independent experts, which considers all energy products sold, 
including purchases from third parties, and all the emissions they 
generate along the entire supply chain. This methodology is inspired 
by international reporting standards (GHG Protocol51, IPIECA52). 
Regarding its targets, Eni estimates both the annual reduction in GHG 
emissions compared to the 2018 baseline defined by the company 
and the projected future reductions in light of the targets set in its 
Decarbonization Plan (see the  Metrics section of this chapter and 
the  Reporting principles and criteria section in the final chapter). 
RESULTS
THE PATHWAY TOWARDS CARBON NEUTRALITY
Net carbon footprint upstream 
SCOPE 1+2, EQUITY BOUNDARY (MtCO2eq.)
Net carbon footprint Eni 
SCOPE 1+2, EQUITY BOUNDARY (MtCO2eq.)
Net GHG lifecycle emissions
SCOPE 1+2+3, EQUITY BOUNDARY (MtCO2eq.)
Net carbon intensity 
SCOPE 1+2+3, EQUITY BOUNDARY (gCO2eq./MJ)
2024
BASELINE
2018
14.8
37.2
505
68
6.8
23.6
395
65.2
-55%
vs. 2018
-37%
vs. 2018
-22%
vs. 2018
-4%
vs. 2018
-50%
-65%
NET ZERO 
UPS
NET ZERO 
ENI
-35%
-15%
-55%
-80%
-50%
NET 
ZERO
NET 
ZERO
% vs.
baseline
2025
2030
2024
2035
2040
2050
NET CARBON FOOTPRINT UPSTREAM, Scope 1+2: represents 
the Scope 1+2 GHG emissions related to the upstream activities 
operated by Eni or by third parties accounted for on an equity basis 
and net of carbon credits mainly generated through Natural Climate 
Solutions and the application of technological solutions. In 2024, the 
indicator decreased by about 25% compared to 2023, driven mainly 
by optimization actions in operational management and project 
activities to generate carbon credits. Additionally, in 2024, the target 
of achieving -50% compared to 2018 was exceeded, with an overall 
reduction of about 55%. The pathway is in line with the achievement 
of Eni’s net zero Carbon Footprint goal by 2030. 
NET CARBON FOOTPRINT ENI, Scope 1+2: represents the Scope 1+2 
GHG emissions associated with the activities operated by Eni or third 
parties accounted for on an equity basis and net of carbon credits 
mainly generated by Natural Climate Solutions and the application of 
technological solutions. In 2024, the indicator decreased by about 10% 
compared to 2023, driven mainly by optimization actions in operational 
management and project activities to generate carbon credits. 
Compared to 2018, the indicator decreased by about 37% in line with 
the achievement of Eni’s net zero Carbon Footprint target by 2035. 
NET GHG LIFECYCLE EMISSIONS, Scope 1+2+3: represents the 
Scope 1+2+3 GHG emissions associated with the supply chain 
of energy products sold by Eni, including its own production and 
purchases from third parties, accounted for on an equity basis and net 
of carbon credits from Natural Climate Solutions and the application of 
technological solutions. In 2024, the indicator is slightly down (-0.8%) 
compared to 2023, mainly driven by the refining sector. Compared to 
the baseline value, emissions were reduced by about 22%.
NET CARBON INTENSITY, Scope 1+2+3: the indicator is calculated 
as the ratio between Net GHG Lifecycle Emissions, and the energy 
content of energy products sold by Eni, accounted for on an equity 
basis. In 2024, the indicator has slightly decreased (approx. 0.5%) 
thanks to the lower emission impact of the portfolio mix. Compared to 
the baseline value, the index has reduced by about 4%.
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DECARBONIZATION LEVERS
The decarbonization levers and technologies identified by Eni in 
its Decarbonization Plan affect all areas of its business. These 
strategies are adopted and modulated in a targeted manner, 
with time horizons considering each solution’s technological and 
commercial maturity. Between 2018 and 2024, Eni implemented 
actions that, on the one hand, led to a reduction in Scope 1+2 
emissions from its operations, primarily focusing on flaring, 
methane emissions, and energy efficiency interventions (see 
sections  Targets for the reduction of methane emissions and 
flaring in the Upstream business and  Energy consumption and 
energy mix) reduce fossil fuels consumption. On the other hand, 
these actions also contributed to a reduction in emissions along 
the value chain (Scope 3), particularly by leveraging synergies 
between traditional activities and transition-related businesses, 
along with portfolio actions that reduce the volume of gas procured 
via pipeline. Eni has also launched a process to enhance the value 
of its transition businesses, promoting solutions aimed at reducing 
the carbon intensity of the products and services, with a focus 
on renewable electricity production  (through  Plenitude, which in 
2024 reached 4.1GW of installed renewable capacity, recording an 
annual growth rate of more than 30%). Additionally, Eni is involved in 
biofuel production (through Enilive, which has a biorefining capacity 
of 1.65 MTPA and benefits from its international presence) and 
CO2 capture and storage (CCS) services for third parties. Moving 
forward, Eni has outlined future initiatives aimed at reducing Net 
GHG Lifecycle Emissions Scope 1+2+3 emissions as part of its 
pathway towards achieving Carbon Neutrality: 
•	in the Downstream, the development of biofuels offers an 
opportunity for Eni to convert and downsize its current traditional 
refining capacity, contributing significantly to the decarbonization 
of hard-to-abate transportation, i.e., aviation, maritime transport, 
and heavy transport. Following the conversions of Porto Marghera 
(2014) and Gela (2019), the conversion at the Livorno site began 
in 2024. Eni has a biofuel production capacity target of more than 
5 million tons by 2030 and the optionality to produce more than 2 
million tons of SAF;
• enhanced integration between Upstream and Midstream enables 
a focus on LNG equity projects within the gas portfolio, benefiting 
the company in terms of emissions. Improved efficiency and the 
progressive growth of the total production’s gas component (over 
60% by 2030 and 90% after 2040), including condensates, contain 
the increase in emissions from upstream production;
• CCS is a decarbonization lever that represents an opportunity 
for Eni to reduce emissions from its own operations and support 
the decarbonization of third-party industrial activities. In 2024, 
Ravenna’s Phase 1 was launched, and the approval process for the 
Hynet project in the United Kingdom is ongoing, with an expected 
approval date in the first half of 2025. Additionally, in 2025, Eni 
will establish a new satellite company focused on carbon capture 
and storage. The estimated total 100% storage capacity (gross 
capacity) is about 3 billion tons, with the aim of reaching a gross 
annual CO2 reinjection capacity of over 15 MTPA before 2030. This 
capacity is projected to increase to about 40 MTPA after 2030 and 
to exceed 60 MTPA by 2050. For more information (see chapter 
 CCS and Agri); 
• finally, to offset residual emissions, Eni plans to utilize offsets mainly 
from Natural Climate Solutions (NCS). By 2050, the target year for 
achieving Net Zero, residual emissions are expected to be around 
25 MtCO2eq., remaining below the 10% threshold set by the ESRS 
standards (see section  Offsets and removals of GHG emissions). 
Regarding the contribution of the Intensity, Eni is committed to 
expanding its offering of lower carbon solutions, such as renewable 
energy, to increase the production of new energy options. This effort, 
combined with a gradual reduction in absolute emissions, will lead 
to a decrease in the emission intensity of its portfolio (see the  
MAIN DECARBONIZATION LEVERS
~330
2030
2050
505
Net Zero
2018
0
MtCO2eq.
MtCO2eq.
MtCO2eq.
UPSTREAM
MIDSTREAM
DOWNSTREAM
CCS
OFFSETS
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Metrics section of this chapter). The speed of this transformation 
and the relative contribution of each lever will depend on a series 
of variables, including market trends, the scientific-technological 
scenario, and the applicable legislation. 
TARGETS FOR THE REDUCTION  
OF METHANE EMISSIONS AND FLARING  
IN THE UPSTREAM BUSINESS  
(OPERATED AND COOPERATED ASSETS)
Actions to reduce methane emissions and flaring are a 
fundamental part of Eni’s decarbonization strategy and contribute 
significantly to the reduction of direct Scope 1 emissions. With 
an approach primarily focused on the Upstream sector, Eni has 
set a target to maintain methane emission intensity within the 
threshold of 0.2% by 2025. This threshold is recognized by the 
sector  as indicative of effective operational management, while 
aiming for methane emissions to be close to zero53. Eni has also 
joined the Aiming For Zero initiative, launched by OGCI,  which 
seeks to eliminate methane emissions from its members’ assets 
by 2030. The company has set a target of reducing fugitive 
methane emissions by 80% by 2025 (compared to 2014 - the 
base year). This goal was already achieved in 2019 through 
the implementation of LDAR (Leak Detection and Repair54) 
campaigns carried out annually on the assets managed by Eni. 
(53)  The OGDC (O&G Decarbonization Charter - COP 28 UAE) “Near-Zero methane” commitment is defined as methane emission intensity of less than 0.2%.
(54)  Monitoring and detection of methane leaks and subsequent repair.
Additionally, Eni has progressively implemented a monitoring 
system to measure the extent of methane emissions across 
its assets (for activities supporting our partners, see the 
 
Partnership for decarbonization section). At its sites, Eni has 
developed various methodologies and technological solutions 
to identify, quantify, and ultimately reduce methane emissions. 
The LDAR campaigns cover all assets managed by Eni and are 
carried out annually, including through optical technologies. Eni 
has been recognized as a Gold Standard Reporting under the Oil 
& Gas Methane Partnership (OGMP 2.0) program, as reported in 
the 2024 International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO) 
Report, published by UNEP. Furthermore, in recent years, Eni has 
dedicated an increasing effort to identifying and implementing 
initiatives to mitigate gas flaring. Notable projects are underway in 
Congo, Libya, and Egypt, where significant logistical, operational, 
and market barriers have previously limited the valorisation of 
associated gas. In this context, Eni is advancing towards the goal 
of zero routine flaring expected in 2025 for its operated assets. 
For its joint-operated assets, the achievement of the target is 
contingent upon the completion of the projects in Libya, which 
are currently expected by 2026. Finally, a key component of Eni’s 
methane strategy is a collaboration with other industry players 
and international organisations (see the 
 Partnerships for 
Decarbonization section of this chapter).
2024
2014
METHANE EMISSION INTENSITY
(%)
0.07%
-84%
0.43%
2024
2014
FUGITIVE METHANE EMISSIONS
(kt CH4)
116
-96%
5
2024
2014
ROUTINE FLARING
(Mld Sm3)
1.7
-56%
0.7
Operated 
Joint Operated 
Operated 
Joint Operated 
Op + Joint Op
Operated 
Joint Operated 
TARGET
Well below 0.2%
@2025 
-80% reduction 
@2025
Zero routine flaring
@2026
LOCKED-IN EMISSIONS ASSESSMENT
Locked-in emissions refer to the estimated GHG emissions from 
assets and operations deemed incompatible with a low-carbon future. 
If such a scenario arises during the useful life of a company’s assets, it 
could lead to a write-down of the most emission-intensive assets. Eni 
monitors its potential locked-in emissions from key assets and projects, 
maintaining a medium- to long-term perspective through its strategic 
plan and tracking progress towards carbon neutrality. In the Upstream 
sector, Eni adopts an approach that considers both the economic value 
and emission intensity of its assets. Priority is given to investments 
in resource production and exploration of areas that are adjacent to 
existing assets/infrastructures. Eni will continue to pursue exploration 
with a model based on organic growth, dilution of equity investments 
in high-potential discoveries, reduced time to market, and enhancement 
of margins from equity production. This analysis also evaluates 
the potential emission intensity associated with reserves to ensure 
production remains aligned with medium- and long-term emission 
reduction targets. In the Downstream sector, Eni aims to improve the 
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efficiency of its operations and integrate lower carbon products into its 
offering, including through the conversion of traditional refining capacity. 
Additionally, Eni assesses the resilience of its portfolio to mitigate the 
risks of stranded assets and applies internal carbon pricing to ensure 
that new investments are consistent with decarbonization targets. For 
further details, refer to the  Transition risks section.   
CAPITAL ALLOCATION 
Eni recognizes the need to ensure an orderly transition in the energy 
system by gradually replacing fossil fuels with lower carbon energy 
sources. This evolution towards a lower carbon product portfolio will be 
supported by a progressive growth in the share of investments intended 
to develop new energy solutions and services to support the transition. 
In the medium to long term, Eni plans to gradually reduce the share of 
expenditures dedicated to Oil & Gas activities, with the gradual phase-
out of investments in carbon-intensive activities or products. For 2024 
investments related to the exploration, development, and production 
(55) The company is excluded from EU benchmarks as per Article 12, paragraph (1), letter (e) to (g) and  paragraph (2) of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818.
of hydrocarbons, see  Note 12 “Property, plant and equipment” of 
the Consolidated Financial Statemets55. The expenditure on lower 
carbon projects for 2024 was €2.6 billion (over 20% of expenditures). 
Additionally, for a reclassification of these amounts according to the 
more stringent criteria defined by the European regulation, refer to 
the  European Taxonomy section. Over the next four-year period 
from 2025-2028, Eni plans to allocate more than 30% of its total 
spending, approximately €13 billion, to lower carbon projects. Below 
is a breakdown of the resources planned for various decarbonization 
actions in support of the Decarbonization Plan.
Over 40% of the planned spending for 2025-28 is aligned with the EU 
Taxonomy. In comparison to this regulation, the expenditure forecast 
for 2028 includes additional factors such as interventions carried out 
in joint ventures, expenses that contribute to emission reductions 
(e.g., energy efficiency initiatives and routine flaring abatement), and 
expenditures that support the development of the Plenitude customer 
base. 
PATENTS AND INNOVATION
Innovation is an integral part of Eni’s Code of Ethics, with a 
commitment to acquiring cutting-edge technological skills. In 
particular, innovation is strongly linked to climate aspects and, for 
the 2025-2028 period, the company has set the target of allocating 
70% of R&D spending to decarbonization-related aspects. For 2024, 
Eni’s financial commitment to scientific research and technological 
development amounts to €178 million, which approximately €145 
million is allocated to reducing the carbon footprint of processes, 
circular economy, the renewable energy exploitation and magnetic 
confinement fusion. This expenditure includes, in particular, topics 
related to biorefining, chemistry and energy production from 
renewable sources (including biomass), energy storage, CO2 capture, 
transport, storage and reuse of, as well as, process carbon footprint 
reduction, and  green hydrogen production. 
EXPENDITURES(a) 
Units 
of Measurement
2024
2025-28
Total value
(billion €)
2.6
13
Electricity production from renewable sources
1.0
4.1
GHG emissions reduction
0.4
2.5
Biorefineries and biofeedstock
0.5
2.8
Retail portfolio development
0.3
1.2
Research by Lower Carbon activity
0.1
0.8
Circular Economy and Other initiatives (inc. recycling, bio chemistry, NCS and Venture Capital)
0.3
1.6
(a) The items in the table are included in the Notes to Eni’s 2024 consolidated financial statements, in the items in  Note 14 “Intangible assets” and in  Note 30 “Costs-Purchases, services and other charges”.
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Units of measurement
2024
2023
R&D expenditures(a) 
(M€)
178
166
of which: related to decarbonization
145
135
Patent application first filings
(number)
39
28
of which: related to renewable energy sources
23
14
(a) The items in the table are included in the Notes to Eni’s 2024 consolidated financial statements, in the item in  Note 14 “Intangible assets”.
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OFFSETS AND REMOVALS OF GHG EMISSIONS
Eni supports the development of projects aimed at generating carbon 
credits in the voluntary market for offsetting residual GHG emissions 
that cannot otherwise be reduced, while monitoring their quality and 
integrity. In line with ESRS standards, Eni intends to use carbon credits 
to achieve its Net Zero target by 2050 for Net GHG lifecycle emissions 
and Net carbon intensity (Scope 1+2+3), after reducing 90-95% of GHG 
emissions in the value chain. Currently, most of the carbon credits used 
by Eni derive from projects for the conservation of natural ecosystems, 
thereby reducing CO2 emissions that would otherwise be released 
into the atmosphere. Eni’s strategy foresees to progressively increase 
the share of credits from the so-called Carbon Dioxide Removal 
(CDR) projects, which capture CO2 directly from the atmosphere (e.g. 
ecosystem restoration or increase of CO2 stocks in the soil through 
appropriate agricultural practices). The carbon credits used by Eni 
are certified according to internationally recognized voluntary market 
standards, such as the Verra’s Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) or the 
Gold Standard (GS). In addition, the credits are accompanied by an 
additional certification, such as the Climate Community & Biodiversity 
Standards (CCBS) or the Sustainable Development Verified Impact 
Standard (SD VISta) which attests to their socio-environmental 
benefits (e.g. biodiversity conservation, economic development and 
improvement of local communities living conditions). In 2019, Eni 
launched the first Natural Climate Solutions (NCS) activities56. These 
are projects for the protection, sustainable management of land and 
restoration of natural ecosystems. These initiatives conserve habitats 
in which plants and animals live, increase the resilience and adaptive 
capacities of environmental systems to climate change, and promote 
(56)  Natural Climate Solutions are nature-based solutions for climate change. They rely on nature’s ability to remove and store carbon from the atmosphere (Source: Natural Climate 
Solutions Alliance, NCSA, 2022).
(57)  Within the SALM category, actions include the use of agricultural practices that increase the organic carbon component in the soil and the integration of tree species into agricultural crops. 
(58)  In addition, the Eni for Clean Cooking program involves the gradual transition to induction stoves in urban areas and pyrolysis in rural areas, promotin the use of agricultural waste.
(59)  Expansion to other Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia is also under evaluation.
(60)  This means the action of cancelling or voiding carbon credits in the electronic register that contains them, so that these credits can no longer be transferred or used for emissions 
offsetting (i.e. no double counting).
(61) Only a portion of the receivables expected to be retired in the target years derives from contractual agreements already in place today. 
local sustainable development. The first projects promoted by Eni were 
framed within the “Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest 
Degradation” (REDD+) scheme, defined and promoted by the United 
Nations. In addition to these, Eni expanded  its initiatives to promote 
Sustainable Agriculture and Land Management (SALM)57. In this context, 
Eni has launched a first project in Kenya, the Makueni Agroforestry 
Carbon Project (MACP), which will be developed over a target area of 
40,000 hectares, will bring socio-economic benefits (e.g. stabilization 
of farmers’ income) to about 100,000 local people and will contribute 
to reducing soil erosion and improving the productivity and fertility of 
agricultural lands. The application of technological solutions represents 
an additional lever for offsetting residual emissions. Since 2018, the 
company has launched the “Eni for Clean Cooking” program to develop 
projects that promote the introduction of improved cooking stoves that 
reduce of the consumption of wood biomass with the aim of improving 
people’s health conditions and promoting forest conservation58. The 
programme has been launched in Congo, Mozambique, Angola, 
Rwanda, Tanzania and Ivory Coast reaching around 1.5 million people 
since the start of the initiatives59. The industrial spread of clean cooking 
systems also promote the development of entrepreneurship and the 
local economy (i.e. stove production and distribution).  In 2024, Eni joined 
the “Clean Cooking Declaration: Making 2024 the pivotal year for Clean 
Cooking”, promoted by the IEA during the Africa Summit, to accelerate 
universal access to more modern cooking systems. In addition to the 
described project development activity, Plenitude acquires carbon credits 
mainly through purchases on the voluntary market, in line with the same 
certification standards used by Eni. Details of the carbon credits60 retired 
in 2024 and those expected in the future61 are provided below. 
RETIRED CARBON CREDITS  
Units of Measurement
2024
Total 
(MtCO2eq.)
5.9(a)
Reduction credits 
(%)
100
Removal credits 
0
 of which: biogenic removal 
0
 of which: technological removal 
0
Credits verified according to the VERRA standard 
100
Credits from projects in the EU 
0
Credits subject to corresponding adjustment according to Art.6 of the P.A. 
0
a) Credits that derive from projects supported by Eni SpA and which were retired in February, 2025. In addition, in 2024, Plenitude purchased 3.1 MtCO2eq. (verified by Gold Standard and Verra), associated with the supply of offset gas, of
which: (i) 0.3 Mt CO2eq. representing the difference between the estimated and final carbon credits of the fourth quarter of 2023 and retired in October 2024; (ii) 2.8 MtCO2eq. which represent the estimated purchase of carbon credits for
2024, which will be finalized during 2025. Of these, 1.8 Mt CO2eq., linked to gas cons\umption invoiced from January to September 2024, were offset in February 2025. The remaining estimated 1 MtCO2eq., relating to gas consumption 
invoiced from October to December 2024, will instead be offset by October 2025. The aforementioned credits are used to offset emissions for the Net Carbon Footprint Scope 1+2 (Eni/UPS) and Net GHG Lifecycle Scope 1+2+3 indicators.
EXPECTED CARBON CREDITS 
Units of Measurement
2030
2040
2050
Total 
MtCO2eq.
~15
~20
<25
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METRICS62 
[DUE DILIGENCE PHASE 2 AND 4] 
GHG Metrics (Scope 1, 2 and 3)
Eni reports its GHG emissions in accordance with the main international 
standards and industry best practices. In line with ESRS requirements, 
Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions are reported by including subsidiaries 
(consolidated on a line-by-line basis) in the consolidation boundary 
and, as a share, both consolidated joint operations (incorporated and 
unincorporated) and activities relating to mining initiatives managed by 
operating companies. In addition, for the assets operated, emissions 
(62) For the methodology and consolidation area, see the chapter  Reporting principles and criteria.
are reported at 100%. Scope 3 emissions are reported, in line with 
the classification provided by the GHG Protocol and according to the 
methodological standards available in the sector following significance 
criteria and including emissions associated with the value chain of 
Eni’s activities. In addition to the metrics described above, Eni reports 
emissions for a series of additional (“Entity Specific”) indicators used to 
track operating performance and progress towards Carbon Neutrality 
by 2050. For more details on the reporting methodologies adopted, 
the materiality analysis of emission sources and other management 
aspects related to greenhouse gas accounting, please refer to the 
dedicated section (see  Metrics: methodologies).
GHG EMISSIONS SCOPE 3 AND OTHER INDICATORS 
Units of measurement
2024
2023
Trend(d)
Relevant Scope 3 GHG emissions
Category 11. Use of sold products(a)
(MtCO2eq.)
181.0
173.7
4%
Total GHG emissions
Total location-based GHG emissions
212.8
206.8
3%
Total market-based GHG emissions
212.9
207.0
3%
Entity Specific indicators - Equity
Net Carbon Footprint upstream (Scope 1+2)
6.8
9.0
-25%
Net Carbon Footprint Eni (Scope1+2)
23.6
26.2
-10%
Net GHG Lifecycle Emissions (Scope 1+2+3)(b) 
395
398
-1%
Net Carbon Intensity (Scope 1+2+3)(b) 
(gCO2 eq./MJ)
65.2
65.6
-1%
Entity Specific Indicators - 100% Operated
Direct Scope 1 GHG emissions(c) 
(MtCO2eq.) 
21.2
22.7
-6%
Location-based Scope 2 indirect GHG emissions
0.6
0.6
+4%
Eni direct methane emissions (Scope 1) 
(kt CH4)
16.0
16.6
-3%
 of which: upstream fugitives
 
1.7
2.0
-15%
Upstream methane emission intensity
(%)
0.09
0.10
-10%
Volumes of hydrocarbons sent to flaring 
(billion Sm3)
0.84
0.89
-6%
 of which: routine Upstream
 
0.12
0.24
-51%
(a) Category 11 of the GHG Protocol - Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Standard. Estimated based on upstream production sold as Eni’s share in line with IPIECA methodologies. The emissions of consolidated companies alone 
amount to 137.2 MtCO2eq. in 2024.
(b) GHG emissions associated with the life cycle of energy products sold by Eni. For more information, see  Metrics: methodology.
(c) The indicator refers to consolidated activities carried out (i.e. share of emissions from consolidated companies, as required by the reference of the ESRS E1-6 50a standards) as well as to non-consolidated but operated activities. 
Unlike the total ESRS indicator, emissions relating to consolidated non-operated companies are therefore excluded. For segment views, see  Operating review.
(d) The trends reported in the table were calculated using a greater number of decimal places, which are not reported in the table.
GHG SCOPE EMISSIONS 1 AND 2 
2024
2023
Trend
2024 vs. 2023(c)
Units of 
measurement
Total 
(ESRS)
of which 
consolidated(a) 
Totale 
(ESRS)
of which 
consolidated(a) 
Scope 1 GHG emissions 
Direct Scope 1 GHG emissions
(MtCO2eq.)
31.1
27.4
32.3
27.9
-4%
 of which: CO2 equivalent from combustion and process
25.3
22.9
26.5
23.5
-5%
 of which: CO2 equivalent from flaring
3.6
2.5
3.9
2.7
-8%
 of which: CO2 equivalent from venting 
2
1.9
1.7
1.6
17%
 of which: CO2 equivalent from methane fugitive emissions
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
-9%
Percentage of Scope 1 GHG emissions covered by regulated  
emissions trading systems
(%)
58
-
57
-
1%
Scope 2 GHG emissions
Scope 2 location-based GHG emissions(b) 
(MtCO2eq.)
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
5%
Scope 2 market-based GHG emissions(b) 
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
-6%
(a) The value, shown in this column, refers to consolidated companies, as required by the ESRS standards (E1-6 50a). The difference between the total value, calculated according to the ESRS methodology, and the consolidated 
companies refers to the non-consolidated operated activities (as required by the ESRS E1-6 requirement 50b). In 2024, non-consolidated Scope 1 GHG emissions operated amounted to 3,6 MtCO2eq. 
(b) The non-consolidated location-based and market-based operated GHG Scope 2 emissions are equal to 0.03 MtCO2eq. (as required by the requirement of ESRS E1-6 50b).
(c) The trends and total values reported in the table were calculated using a greater number of decimal places, which are not reported in the table.
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According to the new method of presenting data with the 
boundary required by the CSRD, Scope 1 emissions amount to 
31.1 MtCO2eq., a decrease of approximately 4% compared to 2023, 
mainly in the Exploration and Production sector (decrease linked 
to asset disposals in Nigeria and Congo and the implementation 
of gas valorisation projects in Congo),  and in the refining sector 
following plant restructuring and maintenance. It should be 
noted that out of the consolidated total (27.4 MtCO2eq.), 9.8 
MtCO2eq. (i.e. 36%) do not relate to assets operated by Eni. Scope 
2 emissions increased slightly under location-based view, while 
they decreased in market-based view as a result of the increased 
(63) Avoided emissions are emissions that would have been released if a particular action or intervention had not taken place; some emissions can be avoided by using a more efficient 
and/or less carbon intensive product or service (e.g. by using renewable energy instead of fossil fuels - see WBCSD, 2023) resulting in lower third-party emissions.
(64) 1) LNG: ~9.1 MtCO2eq. - In calculating the emission savings, the shares of gas destined for the power sector in the Countries of sale were considered. For all the fossil fuels analyzed 
(coal, oil and LNG) reference is made to the emissions of the electricity generation phase only. Elaboration based on IEA (Energy Balance 2024, Emission Factors 2021) and Enerdata 
data. 2) Renewables: 1.9 MtCO2eq. - The representative emission factors used were processed based on IEA (Emission Factors 2024) data. 3) Biofuels: 2.0 MtCO2eq. - The average 
emission savings have been calculated as the ratio between the emissions associated with the quantities of HVO biofuels sold in 2024 and reported in the sustainability certificates and 
the value of the fossil fuel reference defined in the RED III directive (equal to 94 gCO2eq./MJ). The contribution of production from the Chalmette biorefinery in Louisiana is not included 
in the calculation.
use of renewable energy guarantees (mainly in Versalis). Scope 
3 emissions from category 11 (use of sold products) amount to 
181 MtCO2eq. in 2024 and show a slight increase (+4%) in line 
with the increase of sold Upstream hydrocarbon production. 
Eni’s Net Lifecycle Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions (395 MtCO2eq.) 
are slightly reduced compared to 2023; the reduction compared 
to 2018 (base year) amounts to approximately 110 MtCO2eq. 
(-22%). Furthermore, considering the contribution in 2024 from 
the commercialization of LNG, renewable electricity and biofuels 
in terms of potentially avoided emissions63, a saving of about 13 
MtCO2eq.64 would be achieved.
Reconciliation between the boundary of “Entity Specific” indicators and CSRD metrics
Eni’s progress towards carbon neutrality by 2050 is monitored through a series of indicators reported on the equity boundary, which 
differs from the metrics shown in the table according to the CSRD boundary. Specifically:
- The Net Carbon Footprint Equity (Scope 1+2) indicators, compared to the CSRD indicators, also include the contribution of non-
operated and non-consolidated JV/Associates, accounted on an equity basis; on the other hand, for all the companies consolidated 
on a line-by-line basis, as well as for the other companies operated by Eni, the data are accounted on an equity basis, in proportion 
to the shareholding or revenue interest.
- The Net GHG Lifecycle Emissions indicator (Scope 1+2+3), compared to the CSRD metrics, is built on an equity-based view and 
considering a broader boundary for Scope 3 emissions that also includes energy products purchased by third parties (e.g. natural 
gas produced by third parties and sold by Eni). The indicator can be reconciled with CSRD data by changing emissions 1-2 as 
described above (excluding the contribution of the chemical sector) and subtracting the Scope 3 emission from mid-downstream 
businesses (excluding carbon credits used to offset these emissions).
MtCO2eq. of GHG emissions potentially avoided through Eni’s LNG sales in 2024, assuming that gas 
replaces more emissive fossil fuels (oil, coal) in the power generation phase
9,1
MtCO2eq.  of GHG emissions potentially avoided by selling Eni’s biofuel production in 2024, considering 
an emission saving of about 80% compared to the average fossil fuel benchmark 
2,0
MtCO2eq. of GHG emissions potentially avoided by selling Eni’s renewable electricity in 2024, 
assuming that it replaced emissions associated with the average electricity mix in the Country of 
generation
1,9
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Energy consumption and energy mix65 
The energy efficiency measures carried out during the year allow for 
effective primary energy savings compared to baseline consumption 
of over 308 ktoe/year deriving mainly from upstream projects (over 
82%), with a benefit in terms of emission reduction of approximately 
778 thousand tonnes of CO2eq. If Scope 2 emissions, i.e. emissions 
from purchased electricity and thermal energy, are also considered, 
the net CO2 savings deriving from energy saving projects rise to about 
(65) The 2023 data relating to consolidated companies not operated by Eni (but by third parties) are not presented because, in the past, the data were aggregated with a different 
methodology and therefore would not be comparable.
816 thousand tons of CO2eq. In 2024, Eni’s total energy consumption 
(equal to 92.7 million MWh) recorded a reduction of 3% compared to 
2023 due to the contraction in fossil energy consumption, in particular 
due to the drop in natural gas consumption linked to the sale of 
Nigerian Agip Oil Co Ltd. Renewable energy consumption (amounting 
to 587,259 MWh) recorded an increase of 62% compared to 2023 due 
to the higher purchases of electricity covered by guarantees of origin 
and the increase in biomass energy consumption.
ENERGY CONSUMPTION MIX
Units of 
measurement
2024
2023
Operated
Operated
Consolidated not 
operated
Total energy consumption
(MWh)
92,738,602
32,150,544
95,227,735
Total fossil energy consumption
92,151,343
32,077,325
94,865,743
Fuel consumption from crude oil and petroleum products
22,658,539
21,435,813
Fuel consumption from natural gas
67,054,303
71,165,300
Fuel consumption from other fossil resources 38d
331,591
194,506
Consumption of electricity, heat, steam and cooling acquired or purchased from fossil sources
2,106,910
2,070,123
Total renewable energy consumption
587,259
73,219
361,992
Fuel consumption from renewable sources, including biomass (also including industrial and municipal 
waste of biological origin, biogas, renewable hydrogen, etc.) 
355,385
336,017
Consumption of electricity, heat, steam and cooling acquired or purchased from renewable resources
215,999
9,750
Non-combustible, self-generated renewable energy consumption
15,875
16,225
ENERGY PRODUCTION
2023
Units of 
measurement
2024
Entity Specific Indicators - Equity
Renewable Installed capacity
(MW) 
3,851
3,056
Capacity of biorefineries
(million tonnes/year) 
1,65
1,65
Sold production of biofuels
(thousand tons)
982
635
Production of energy from renewable sources(a) 
(GWh)
4,665
3,984
Indicators - Operated
Production of non-renewable energy 
(MWh)
28,240,065
32,591,215
(a) The figure refers to Plenitude.
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TRANSPARENCY AND PARTNERSHIP
Transparency in Disclosure 
[DUE DILIGENCE PHASE 5]
Eni communicates climate-related information in line with legal 
sustainability disclosures requirements, while also aligning with the 
main voluntary guidelines and best practices for climate disclosure, 
including the OECD Guidelines and TCFD, respectively for the inside-
out and outside-in perspective. Eni supports the definition of best 
practices for complete and effective climate disclosure. An example is 
Eni’s participation in the Oil & Gas Methane Partnership (OGMP 2.0), for 
which it was recognized as Gold Standard Reporting in 2024, as stated 
in the 2024 International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO) 
Report published by UNEP. This recognition underlines the effectiveness 
of Eni’s decarbonization strategy in measuring methane emissions 
with the aim of reducing and mitigating them. In 2024, Eni conducted 
a large-scale global methane measurement campaign, overseen by a 
dedicated multidisciplinary task force, with strong support from all Eni 
geographical areas, joint venture companies and partners. As part of 
its commitment to continuous improvement in transparency, in 2024 
Eni expanded its disclosure on methane emission reduction efforts by 
publishing a dedicated report for the first time. Transparent climate-
related reporting, together with the Company’s strategy, has contributed 
to positive evaluations from the main ESG rating agencies and climate 
benchmarks (see 
 ESG rating, Capital Market Update). Through its 
advocacy activities, Eni shares its positioning on climate change and 
related climate strategy issues (see  Business Conduct). 
Partnerships for Decarbonization
[DUE DILIGENCE PHASE 3]
Eni has long been engaged in collaboration and dialogue with the 
academic world, civil society, institutions and companies to promote 
(66)  At COP 28, over 50 companies joined the OGDC, of which about 30, for the first time, committed to achieve Net Zero by 2050 for Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions, achieve the Near 
Zero methane emissions and zero routine gas flaring by 2030, as well as the commitment to report on the reductions achieved.
the energy transition by generating new knowledge, sharing best 
practices and fostering initiatives that create value for both the 
company and its stakeholders. Eni is a founding member of UNEP’s Oil 
& Gas Methane Partnership (OGMP), the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative 
(OGCI) and the Methane Guiding Principles (MGP) and actively 
participates in expert groups, such as IPIECA and IOGP. In addition, 
Eni is a signatory of the Oil & Gas Decarbonization Charter (OGDC)66, 
a key initiative launched at COP28 with the aim of converging the 
sector towards transparent and concrete actions to reduce emissions, 
including methane and flaring. In support of its commitments, Eni has 
joined the Global Flaring and Methane Reduction (GFMR) trust fund, an 
initiative launched by the World Bank, aimed at helping governments 
and national operators eliminate methane emissions and routine 
gas flaring by 2030. For more details see the 
 Methane Report 
(2024). These collaborations have contributed to the development 
of best practices for methane emissions monitoring, reporting and 
verification, and have promoted the adoption of new technologies for 
monitoring and reducing emissions across the industry, for example 
through the Climate Investment funded by OGCI. Eni has also signed 
collaboration agreements with national oil companies (NOCs) and joint 
venture partners, including EGAS, Sonatrach and SOCAR, with the aim 
of sharing its expertise in managing and reducing methane emissions. 
Eni also forms partnerships with energy-intensive companies to 
develop and promote lower carbon solutions. In this context, Eni has 
joined the “Pact for the Decarbonization of Air Transport” (PACTA), 
an initiative promoted together with Aeroporti di Roma that brings 
together representatives of institutions, industry stakeholders, trade 
associations and the third sector with the aim of defining a roadmap 
for the decarbonization of the air transport sector by 2050. Finally, Eni 
develops innovative solutions together with universities and start-ups, 
such as magnetic confinement fusion, an energy source that could 
revolutionize the energy sector through lower-emission technologies. 
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Eni pays particular attention to the efficient use of natural resources, 
such as water, the reduction of polluting emissions, waste 
management, the protection of biodiversity and ecosystem services. 
Environmental matters, along with  Health and Safety topics, are 
managed with a single integrated HSE management system, which 
defines roles, responsibilities and methods of managing the activities 
of all sectors for environmental aspects. In addition, to train employees 
and the supply chain on these aspects, Eni is continuing a program, 
launched in 2019, to raise awareness and strengthen environmental 
culture involving all the group. The plan involved the operating sites 
in Italy and is being extended to foreign subsidiaries, also with the 
signing of the environmental and safety Pacts, which involve suppliers 
in tangible and measurable improvement actions. In addition, in 2024, 
Eni continued to promote the Environmental Golden Rules, to support 
the adoption of virtuous behaviour by employees and suppliers, in line 
withits values, commitment and standards.
HSE management system 
For environment, health and safety management in the workplace, 
Eni has adopted a model considering three levels of responsibility 
(employers, top management of the business area and Eni’s top 
management), each of which is supported by a specific HSE function. 
In order to ensure control over activities, Eni, also for the purpose 
of preventing crimes pursuant to Legislative Decree 231/2001, has 
prepared an adequate control model for the HSE topics, consistent 
with the structure and organizational levels and with the system 
of delegations and responsibilities assigned. In line with the ISO 
14001:2015 certification, as part of the Management System, the 
individual site carries out, in relation to its activities, a process of 
identification of environmental aspects with the assessment of 
potential impacts and associated risks, as well as the identification 
and monitoring of possible opportunities. The assessment process 
considers the asset lifecycle and activities under different operating 
conditions (normal, abnormal and emergency). The risk67 associated 
with each environmental aspect/impact is assessed on the basis of 
risk mitigation barriers, both technical and managerial, developed 
on site. The impact and risk assessment process is periodic, 
monitored and updated in order to ensure and improve the quality 
and effectiveness of the risk identification, analysis and assessment 
process, as well as to periodically verify the consistency and adequacy 
and effectiveness of the measures developed. The regulatory 
system establishes the allocation of all Eni subsidiaries into three 
(67) In this context, the word “risk” is not related to the financial materiality but refers to the combination of the probability that a given event will occur in a given period or under specific 
circumstances and the consequences that may be generated.
(68) The HSE Review is aimed at assessing the management of HSE risks and verifying the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the HSE management system adopted.
HSE risk clusters, based on the activities carried out: (i) significant 
(industrial activities), for which there is an obligation to adopt an HSE 
management system, a certification according to ISO 14001 and 
ISO 45001 standards and to undergo annual HSE internal audits; (ii) 
limited (office activities or activities of limited importance), for which 
there is an obligation to adopt (but not to certify) an HSE management 
system and to undergo annual or five-yearly HSE internal audits; (iii) 
absent (absence of employees and operational activities), for which 
no specific obligations are foreseen; all companies at significant risk 
are covered by ISO 45001 and ISO 14001 certification or have planned 
to achieve it (at the end of 2024, 86% have already obtained ISO 
45001 certification and 84% ISO 14001), as well as all other limited 
risk companies with the obligation to develop an HSE management 
system have already implemented it (86% in 2024) or have planned 
to implement it. In addition to third-party audits aiming at maintaining 
certifications, additional internal audits are carried out on an interim 
basis to verify the adequacy of the HSE Management System and 
to verify regulatory compliance. In the implementation phase of the 
operational activities, the objective is to manage, reduce and eliminate 
risks and direct/indirect impacts identified on the environment, both 
related to the specific activities of the production units/organizational 
structures, or related to the different processes of design, development, 
use and end of life of products and services, taking into account the 
various phases of the life cycle. In this phase, it is also ensured that 
appropriate methods are adopted for the selection and management 
of suppliers, contractors and subcontractors in compliance with Eni’s 
HSE regulations, providing requirements and controls for the entire 
process, during the qualification phase and during the execution 
of the contract.  Environmental impact assessment procedures 
are shared with local stakeholders in public consultations, where 
required by current legislation, and in some cases, also on a voluntary 
basis. In fact, inclusiveness and stakeholder engagement is one of 
the principles of reference for Eni, in order to promote preventive, 
free and informed consultations, considering their requests on 
development activities, projects and initiatives. In general, the needs 
and expectations of stakeholders are assessed by Eni sites within 
the context analysis according to the ISO 14001:2015 standard and 
the management of complaints is ensured through the Grievance 
Mechanism and the whistleblowing process (see  Human Rights for 
Eni). Monitoring, including through HSE review68, and reporting are of 
strategic importance in keeping the organizational system efficient, 
supporting the decision-making process and identifying areas for 
Environment and Eni’s 
management system 
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improvement and actions to be implemented to achieve the defined 
objectives. The analysis carried out on the information at the site level 
makes it possible to identify the most critical situations and to plan any 
specific interventions with relative priorities. For the implementation 
of environmental activities, every year, Eni’s strategic plan defines 
the financial resources to achieve the identified commitments, as 
well as to maintain the HSE management system. For the next 
four years, Eni has allocated resources amounting to €5.6 billion, 
particularly for soil and groundwater remediation activities (€2.3 
billion), waste recovery, treatment and disposal (€1.1 billion), flaring 
down (€0.9 billion), sustainable water resources management (€0.6 
billion), pollutant reduction, air monitoring and analysis (€0.2 billion), 
energy saving interventions (€0.1 billion), spill prevention interventions 
and improvement of containment systems (€0.2 billion), monitoring 
interventions, reduction of impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity 
and environmental restoration (€0.1 billion).
POLLUTION
POLICIES69
Eni’s commitment to respecting the environment is expressed within  
Code of Ethics, which delves into the  values and principles that guide 
acting in a sustainable way, minimizing environmental impacts and 
optimizing the use of energy and natural resources. In addition, Eni has 
a internal regulatory framework for the mitigation of impacts/risks for 
the environment and for the organization, relating to: (i) management 
of the water cycle and minimization, control and monitoring of 
water discharges; (ii) prevention, control and monitoring of pollutant 
emissions; (iii) prevention and monitoring of spills; (iv) contamination 
of soil, subsoil and surface and groundwater and related emergency 
safety and remediation actions; (v) emergency management. The 
results of the assessments carried out to identify environmental 
aspects and the related impacts/risks allow for the identification of 
prevention, protection and mitigation measures, to safeguarding of 
the environment from the release of any pollutants through effective 
and periodically verified monitoring and control mechanisms. 
TARGETS AND COMMITMENTS
Although quantitative targets have not been identified, Eni is 
constantly committed to implementing actions aimed at safeguarding 
water resources, air quality and soils through an approach aimed at 
preventing and minimizing the risks and impacts of emissions in these 
environmental matrices. Eni adopts an internal regulatory framework 
and a  HSE management system that guarantees the definition of 
operational guidelines for all businesses, based on the knowledge 
of the context in which it operates, the identification of legislative 
obligations, environmental compliance and the expectations of 
stakeholders. Furthermore, Eni guarantees the monitoring of the  
(69) For further references, see   The Regulatory system, and Eni’s  Reporting  principles and criteria/Policies.
actions on a half-yearly basis through the analysis of  metrics for 
the timely control of performance and rapid intervention in cases of 
misalignment with expected trends. Eni operates in compliance with 
the legislative requirements also through HSE management systems 
certified according to international standards and, in line withwhat 
has been defined for water resources, the adoption of quantitative 
targets relating to pollution is under evaluation for the next strategic 
plans. It should be noted that the commitment defined in terms of 
water positivity (  Water Resources), in line with the Net Positive Water 
Impact approach that inspires Eni, also intrinsically considers the 
dimension of water quality and therefore can also achieve objectives 
of water pollution reduction. 
MATERIAL IMPACTS, RISKS AND 
OPPORTUNITIES (IROs) 
The material pollution impacts and risks are related to the potential 
release of substances into the air, water or soil associated with 
Eni’s industrial activities in the fields of research, development 
and production of hydrocarbons, refining and transport of fuels 
and other flammable products, petrochemical production and 
potential malfunctions in water treatment systems in remediation 
activities. Despite Eni operating in compliance with national and 
local regulations and is being subject to controls by the competent 
authorities, these activities are inherently exposed to operational 
risks that may lead to impacts on the environment and Eni’s people, 
as well as contractors, suppliers and business partners and local 
communities. These risks, although effective preventive systems and 
good management practices are adopted, can lead to the process 
incidents, such as fires or explosions or asset integrity accidents, as 
well as to other non-process related risks (such as in the context of 
road, rail, ship, refuelling stations, gas distribution networks) or the 
occurrence of an uncontrolled flow of hydrocarbons from within the 
well (see  Risk factors and uncertainties). Atmospheric emissions 
for the Oil & Gas sector are at the origin of environmental impacts, 
such as air quality, olfactory nuisances, photochemical smog, and 
the phenomenon of acid rain (acidification). Most of the emissions, 
mainly related to the processes of upstream industrial plants and 
electricity, chemical and refining plants, concern nitrogen oxides 
(NOx) and sulphur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM) and non-
methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs). The same 
activities are at the origin of impacts related to water discharges 
for which Eni carefully monitors the presence of hydrocarbons in 
upstream production water and industrial wastewater. Regarding 
soil releases, Eni’s activities do not involve operational discharges: 
however, oil and other chemicals releases are caused by accidental 
contaminment losses, mainly associated with upstream and 
refining activities, or illlicit acts (theft and sabotage). In addition, 
in order to ensure operational management that complies with 
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advanced environmental protection criteria and the adoption of 
international standards and solutions and best practices, Eni has 
adopted a multi-level responsibility model and an internal regulatory 
system (see the chapter   Health & Safety) which includes, among 
other things, the adoption of management systems certified 
according to ISO 14001 and ISO 50001 standards (as well as ISO 
45001 for health and safety issues) by sites with higher HSE risk. 
The technical audit plan and the internal control system adopted to 
prevent and minimize operational risks allow constant verification 
of the sites’ activities with respect to Eni’s regulatory principles. 
ACTIONS TAKEN ON MATERIAL IROs 
In all the various geographical contexts where it operates, Eni is 
committed to reducing and minimizing the impacts of its activities 
through the adoption of international good practices and Best Available 
Technology (BAT)70, both technical and managerial. Among these, 
the attention, in the various operational sites, is certainly focused 
on the efficient use of natural resources as well as the prevention/
reduction/control of pollutant discharges into water, the minimization 
of polluting emissions into the atmosphere, the reduction of oil spills 
and the monitoring of the mitigation actions’ effectiveness.
Emissions of pollutants into the 
atmosphere 
Eni has adopted an operating model that ensures, in addition to 
regulatory compliance, an approach aimed at preventing and reducing 
the risks associated with air pollution that these emissions may cause 
and the potential effects on local air quality. To this end, Eni defines 
and implements a systematic continuous monitoring and control plan 
at site level considering the territorial and environmental context and 
any requirements deriving from local laws and/or specific emission 
authorizations, to ensure the best performance in terms of minimizing 
releases into the atmosphere. Additionally, the application of the best 
technologies from a technical, operational and management point of 
view is promoted throughout the entire life cycle of the plants, starting 
from the design, aiming at environmental protection. In all industrial 
activities, Eni pays particular attention to the potential effects on the 
atmosphere and odour impact and, in order to promote the constant 
improvement of environmental performance, these aspects are 
continuously monitored through direct monitoring and control of 
individual emission sources. The industrial plants operate in line 
with the standards and requirements set out  by the environmental 
authorizations and with the fundamental principles of prevention, 
protection and mitigation of environmental impacts, orienting 
their actions towards a continuous improvement of environmental 
performance and with a view to overall sustainability. In particular, 
within the EU, the activities subject to the Industrial Emissions 
(70) By way of reference, the documents issued by the European Commission (BREF-BAT reference document) are taken into account.
(71) The technology is designed and developed by Eni to carry out real-time analysis and monitoring activities on new or existing pipelines, both for the transport of hydrocarbons 
and water, through an innovative system of vibroacoustic waves that detect external acts, such as attempted break-ins or accidental impacts on the pipelines, and variations in flow, 
maximizing the efficiency of the transport systems.
Directive (IED) also operate to ensure compliance with the provisions 
of the Monitoring and Control Plan and in line with the application of 
the BAT specifications on emissions into the atmosphere in relation to 
the different types (channelled, diffused, fugitive and odorous).
Release of pollutant in wastewater 
Similar prevention, monitoring and control measures are constantly 
adopted, in line with the management of emissions from water 
discharges, to safeguard not only the use of the resource but also 
the quality of the water environment. Both the implementation and 
the operational phases of the projects are carried out in compliance 
with the applicable regulations and the requirements dictated by 
local authorizations, which may require the engagement of local 
stakeholders. Eni has adopted precise internal standards to be used 
when local mandatory regulations are less strict, or absent, regarding 
environmental conservation, based on applicable international 
standards, and in consideration of the assessment of impacts on 
water quality. Eni monitors its water discharges after any treatment 
and the quantitative of oil in the produced water discharged. Internal 
early warning thresholds for specific pollutants in water discharged 
from each production activity are also adopted to propmtly initiate any 
necessary corrective actions.
Oil spill
The operation of Eni’s assets does not involve operational releases to 
the ground, consequently the potential contamination can only come 
from accidental releases, such as operational spills and oil or 
chemical break-ins. Eni is constantly engaged in the management of 
risks and emergencies related to these events, through prevention, 
preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery activities. As part of 
prevention, the e-vpms®71 (Eni Vibroacoustic Pipeline Monitoring 
System) system for remote monitoring of any spills from pipelines, is 
present on all operating pipelines in Italy and is subject to technological 
updates, also in order to detect interference with third parties and to 
prevent break-ins. During 2024, for example, maintenance was 
carried out on the e-vpms® system in Val d’Agri, together with the 
technological update for the weather monitoring and warning system 
for the control of hydrogeological risks and for the management of 
water runoffs. To identify potential spills in progress, Eni  has 
continued to invest in its proprietary e-siam® (Eni Structural Integrity 
Acoustic Monitoring) technology to detect and identify corrosion and 
leaks from tanks and pipes and has conducted tests to further 
develop this technology. Regarding mitigation, during the year, the 
methodology for assessing the risks deriving from natural events that 
may involve pipelines was standardized and the subsidiaries were 
supported in the preventive assessment of the best response actions, 
in the event of hypothetical offshore spills, also in line with industry 
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METRICS72 E2-4
Pollution and oil spill 
In line with previous reporting, the emissions of the NOx, SOx, 
NMVOC and PM parameters are shown below, which account for 
the set of pollutants in the atmosphere considered relevant for 
Eni’s business deriving from combustion processes and 
operations carried out. Similarly, the following tables show the 
(72) For the methodology and scope of consolidation, see the chapter Eni’s  Reporting Principles and Criteria. The 2023 data relating to consolidated companies not operated by Eni 
(but by third parties) are not presented because, in the past, the data were aggregated with a different methodology and therefore would not be comparable. It is emphasized that in 
the comments on the performances the percentages are calculated using other decimal figures not presented in the document.
hydrocarbons in wastewater, a relevant parameter for Eni’s 
business, potentially deriving from the hydrocarbon production 
and treatment processes and subsequent downstream chain. 
This is followed by the reporting on oil spills in terms of number 
and volumes spilled.
EXPENDITURES(a) 
Units of measurement
2024
2023
Air protection expenditures and investment(b) 
(M€)
45.84(c)
63.42
of which: current costs
38.58
34.45
of which: investments
7.25
28.97
Spill prevention expenditures and investments
42.30
42.36
of which: current costs
12.89
9.90
of which: investments
29.41
32.46
(a) The items in the table are included in Eni’s 2024 consolidated financial statements, in the item in  Note 14 “Intangible assets” and in  Note 30 “Costs - Purchases, services and other charges”.
(b) For investments relating to discharge monitoring activities, see the  Water Resources chapter. The total expenses are calculated using decimals which are not shown in the table.
(c) The downward trend is attributable to a high value that occurred in 2023 against specific projects at some sites.
EMISSIONS OF POLLUTANTS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE
2024
2023
 Operated
Consolidated 
not operated
 Operated
Units of measurement
NOx (nitrogen oxides) emissions
(thousands of tons NOX eq.) 
21.9
10.7
22.8
SOx (sulphur oxides) emissions
(thousands of tons SOX eq.) 
2.4
7.3
3.1
NMVOC (Non Methane Volatile Organic Compounds) Emissions
(thousands of tons)
9.1
4
9.6
PM  (Particulate matter) emissions
0.5
0.4
0.6
POLLUTANTS IN WASTEWATER
2024
2023
Units of measurement
 Operated
Consolidated 
not operated
 Operated
Hydrocarbons in wastewater
(tons)
106.4
58.7
110.7
standards and local regulations. Eni’s commitment to verify, monitor, 
and replace onshore and offshore pipelines continues to ensure asset 
integrity and prevent potential oil spills, with campaigns underway to 
replace the most critical sections. In particular, regarding onshore 
assets in Nigeria that have been subject to sabotage activities in 
recent years, with effects on various aspects of the business, Eni has 
developed and intensified over time a strategy aimed at avoiding 
accidents and mitigating their potential effects. This strategy was 
carried out until the sale of the company, which was completed in 
2024. This approach was based on the rapid identification of losses, 
damage and illegal activities along the transport lines, with the aim of 
taking timely action to reduce or avoid them. Finally, to strengthen the 
response capacity to marine pollution as a result of possible oil spills, 
Eni continues to participate in sector programs by joining regional 
initiatives also in collaboration with the International Maritime 
Organization.
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Emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere show a decreasing 
trend. The decrease in SOx emissions (-21% compared to 2023) is 
mainly linked to the reduction in the contribution of the Sannazzaro 
and Livorno refineries for plant shutdowns in the period and that of 
the Venice biorefinery where, at the end of 2023, a sulfur recovery 
plant was put into service, characterized by a higher abatement 
efficiency than the previous one. In addition to the shutdowns of 
the Sannazzaro and Livorno refineries, the reduction in NOx (-4% 
compared to 2023), PM (-14% compared to 2023) and NMVOC 
emissions (-6% compared to 2023) was influenced by the release 
from the upstream portfolio of Nigerian Agip Oil Co Ltd and the Eni 
US Operating Co Inc activities in Alaska. In 2024, the volumes spilled 
as a result of operating oil spills (equal to 675 barrels) recorded a 
significant decrease compared to 2023 (in which, following a single 
event at the Sannazzaro refinery, there was a heavy fuel oil spill 
of over 7,547 barrels, fully recovered) with significant reductions in 
upstream both for the sale of the company in Nigeria and for the 
better performance recorded in Congo; the most important event 
occurred in Italy (440 barrels at the Taranto refinery, spill entirely 
recovered). Events recorded abroad accounted for 5% of the total 
quantities spilled, confirming a downward trend (-5% vs. 2023) with 
only two Countries impacted (the United Kingdom and Germany). 
Overall, 92% of the 2024 operating oil spill volumes were recovered. 
Oil spills from sabotage, amounting to 2.140 barrels, recorded a 58% 
reduction compared to 2023, with a significant drop in the number 
of events (95 vs. 373 in 2023). All the events (with the exception of 
one that occurred along the Sannazzaro-Rho pipeline for a total of 
2 barrels) took place in Nigeria. The largest spill was 258 barrels, 
(73) Referred to in Annex II of Reg 166/06 E-PRTR.
(74) The numbers shown in the table refer to the 2023 data, as the best possible estimate, of the 2024 information. In relation to non-European sites for which EPRTR registers are not 
available, as already stated, these are attributable to the Upstream business. It should be noted that, on the basis of the information available to date, the sets of pollutants reported 
respectively for air and water offer the best estimate of Eni emissions, representing the relevant parameters for all business lines.
of which 252 were recovered. Overall, 86% of oil spill volumes from 
sabotage have been recovered. The volumes spilled as a result of 
chemical spills (70 barrels in total) have decreased compared to 
2023 and are essentially due to a single event in UK (69 barrels of 
methanol spilled during loading/unloading operations from storage 
tanks due to power outages).
The total hydrocarbon content in the discharged water was 
approximately 106 tonnes, down compared to 2023 due to a 
lower contribution from the E&P sector, mainly as a result of the 
decommissioning activities in Eni UK and the aforementioned sale 
of activities in Alaska.
Other pollutants listed in Regulation 
166/2006 (E-PRTR) 
In line with the requirements of the ESRS E2-4 standard, the 
metrics reported in the below table are the annual quantities 
of additional pollutants73 emitted into the atmosphere deriving 
from the E-PRTR registers drawn up by all sites of Eni’s business 
sectors (Petrochemical, refining, exploration and production, and 
thermoelectric) in Europe, which fall within the scope of Regulation 
166/06 E-PRTR and which have exceeded the applicable emission 
threshold indicated in Annex II thereof) 74. It should be noted that with 
regard to Eni sites outside Europe not falling within the scope of Reg 
166/06, these essentially belong to the Upstream Business and carry 
out processes and operations that substantially generate pollutants 
from combustion processes or evaporation of hydrocarbons, 
pollutants already included in the reporting referred to in the previous 
table (NOx, SOx, NMVOC and PM).
OIL SPILLS 
Units of 
measurement
2024
2023
 Operated
Consolidated not 
operated
 Operated
Operational oil spills  (>1 barrel) 
(number)
18
5
16
of which: upstream
7
5
9
Operational oil spills volumes (>1 barrel)
(barrels)
675
175
7,625
of which: upstream
25
175
40
Oil spills due to sabotage (including thefts) (>1 barrel)
(number)
95
5
373
of which: upstream
94
5
372
Volumes of oil spills due to sabotage (including theft) (>1 barrel) 
(barrels)
2,140
770
5,094
 of which: upstream
2,138
770
5,092
Volumes of oil spills due to sabotage (including theft) in Nigeria (>1 barrel)
2,138
720
5,092
Chemical spill
(number)
8
1
16
Volumes of chemical spills
(barrels)
70
33
2,260
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Similarly, for releases of pollutants and off-site transfers to wastewater75, 
the following table shows the pollutants declared in the EPRTR 
registers of sites that have exceeded the applicable threshold73,74,75. 
Also for release of pollutants in wastewater, it should be noted that 
in consideration of the specificities of the processes and operations 
(75) Off-site “transfer” means the movement, beyond the boundaries of an industrial complex, of pollutants contained in wastewater intended for treatment (Article 2, paragraph 11 of 
Regulation 166/06).
of non-European sites, and therefore of the Upstream business, the 
relevance of contamination in the discharged water is attributable to 
the possible discharge of production water into the surface water body, 
a type of water for which the significant parameter is hydrocarbons (a 
parameter already included in the reporting in the table above). 
EMISSIONS OF POLLUTANTS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE 
Units of measurement
Air emissions
EPRTR Parameters 
Arsenic and compounds (expressed as As)
(kg/y)
54
Mercury and compounds (expressed as Hg)
32.5
Nickel and compounds (expressed as Ni) 
626.2
Zinc and compounds (expressed as Zn)
294.0
Benzene
16,389.79
Chlorine and inorganic compounds (expressed as HCl)
(t/y)
19.7
POLLUTANTS IN WASTEWATER 
Units of measurement
Emission
in the water 
Wastewater 
transfers
EPRTR Parameters
Arsenic and compounds (expressed as As)
(kg/y)
241.4
30.1
Chromium and compounds (expressed as Cr)
78
/
Copper and compounds (expressed as Cu)
153
/
Nickel and compounds (expressed as Ni)
684.9
28.9
Zinc and compounds (expressed as Zn)
1,688.9
254.5
Halogenated organic compounds (expressed as AOX)
4,009
/
Biphenyl polychlorurates (PCB)
/
0.2
Trichloromethane
481
/
Anthracene
/
1.1
Benzene
/
1,086.9
Nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates (NP/NPE) and related substances
/
12.1
Ethylbenzene
/
265.3
Naphthalene
/
12.2
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)
/
8.8
Phenols (expressed as total C)
364.9
2,457.1
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
/
25.2
Toluene
/
569.5
Total organic carbon (TOC) (expressed as total C or COD/3)
(t/y)
320.2
653
Xylenes
(kg/y)
214
/
Chlorides (expressed as total Cl)
(t/y)
71,326.8
/
Cyanides (expressed as total CN)
(kg/y)
149.1
302.6
Fluorides (expressed as total F)
23,217.2
/
Fluorant Antenna
1.39
/
Benzo(g, h, i)perylene
1.29
/
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Below are shown the quantities of pollutant releases referable 
exclusively to Eni Rewind sites, also taken from the EPRTR registers. 
These pollutants have been considered separately as they are residual 
quantities emitted downstream of the remediation processes deriving 
from the operations of Eni Rewind sites (i.e. treatment of contaminated 
groundwater). Typically, these contaminants derive from the pre-
existing site-specific contamination of the groundwater and are not 
representative of Eni’s production processes.
POLLUTANTS IN WASTEWATER ENIREWIND 
Units of 
measurement
Emission 
in the water
Wastewater 
transfers
E-PRTR Parameters
 
Total phosphorus
(kg/y)
5,408.2
/
Arsenic and compounds (expressed as As)
185.7
12.6
Cadmium and compounds (expressed as CDs)
6.8
/
Chromium and compounds (expressed as Cr)
132.9
/
Copper and compounds (expressed as Cu)
68.2
/
Mercury and compounds (expressed as Hg)
1.4
/
Nickel and compounds (expressed as Ni)
98.4
/
Zinc and compounds (expressed as Zn)
983.9
/
1,2-Dichloroethane (EDC)
70
/
Pentachlorobenzene
1.7
/
Tetrachloroethylene (PER)
13.6
/
Tetrachloromethane (TCM)
6.8
/
Trichlorobenzenes (TCB) (all isomers)
7.2
/
Phenols (expressed as total C)
96.8
/
Total organic carbon (TOC) (expressed as total C or COD/3)
(t/y)
133.5
/
Chlorides (expressed as total Cl)
61,111.2
21,000
Fluorides (expressed as total F)
(kg/y)
4,308
/
WATER RESOURCES
 
POLICIES76
Eni’s commitment to water resource management is expressed 
within the 
 Code of Ethics and then further detailed in Eni’s 
 Position on water. In line with its commitments, Eni pursues 
the protection of water resources in all the Countries in which 
it operates and in all phases of its activities, seeking solutions 
beyond the corporate and operational boundary. Eni periodically 
evaluates the withdrawals of its sites also to identify actions to 
safeguard water resources, with particular regard to the reduction 
of high-quality fresh water withdrawals77 of sites based in water-
stressed areas78. Actions are defined considering the water risk 
mitigation criteria79: avoid, replace, reduce, recycle, restore. To 
(76) For further references see   The regulatory system, and   Reporting principles and criteria/Policies.
(77) High quality fresh water is understood as that coming from aquifers, surfaces, aqueducts.
(78) The areas of water stress are identified with the use of Aqueduct, a tool developed by the World Resources Institute, and monitored annually through an internal analysis implemented 
at the individual operating site.
(79) The principles of water risk mitigation are contained in the IPIECA 2021 document, Water management framework, 2nd ed.
this end, projects are promoted to increase the efficiency of water 
use, use of remediated water or produced water to replace high-
quality fresh water, and civil and industrial wastewater recycling 
systems; another important opportunity is represented by the use 
of desalinated water. Collaborations and the active engagement 
of stakeholders are promoted, for water management in harmony 
with the needs of the territory, to promote social development and 
safeguard ecosystems. In addition, Eni has an internal regulatory 
framework that defines the water resource management model 
and establishes the procedures for: the identification of areas 
at water stress; the management of withdrawals, methods of 
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use and water discharges; the identification of priority sites 
and interventions; reporting and communication activities. 
These tools aim to identify withdrawals and consumption in all 
sectors of activity to assess and minimise potential impacts on 
ecosystems and communities. The treatment, disposal or re-
injection of water is subject to sector-specific best practices. 
Furthermore, procedures are defined to inform and involve 
stakeholders by promoting prior, free and informed consultation, 
in order to consider their requests on Eni’s activities, new projects 
and development initiatives.
TARGETS AND COMMITMENTS 
Eni continues on its path to safeguard water resources, which over 
the years has seen the endorsement of the CEO Water Mandate 
and the publication of its  Position on water. In 2024, Eni declared 
its ambition to achieve water positivity by 2050 in its operated 
sites, through an approach that also takes into account actions at 
the river basin level, inspired by the principles of the Net Positive 
Water Impact (NPWI) proposed by the CEO Water Mandate. As an 
intermediate goal along its path towards the 2050 ambition, Eni is 
committed to achieving water positivity by 2035 in at least 30% of 
its sites with withdrawals greater than 0.5 Mm3/year of fresh water 
in water-stressed areas (as of 2023). The commitment to water 
positivity requires that Eni’s actions to benefit the water resource 
in a specific basin exceeds the impacts of its operating sites. This 
commitment envisages in the next few years the declination into 
targets with appropriate site-specific monitoring metrics being 
defined. Actions to safeguard water will be addressed to the 
aspects identified as most critical for the territory, relating to the 
dimensions of the availability, quality and accessibility of fresh 
water. Eni’s interventions will therefore be related to the identified 
needs and in consideration of the relevance of the operational sites, 
prioritizing the locations80 at high water stress. In 2024, Eni verified 
the applicability of NPWI to one of its operational sites through a 
pilot study. To support these commitments, Eni adopts an internal 
framework of regulations and an   HSE management system that, 
based on the knowledge of the reference context, the identification 
of legislative obligations and the expectations of stakeholders, 
ensures the definition of operational guidelines and the necessary 
 actions for all businesses, guaranteeing monitoring, at least 
every six months, through the HSE review process and the use of 
specific  metrics to ensure appropriate interventions in cases of 
misalignment with expected trends.
(80) Sites with withdrawals of more than 0.5 Mm3 in 2023 (priority sites) are associated with more than 90% of Eni’s high-quality fresh water withdrawals in stress areas in 2023; positivity 
by 2035 is reached on 3 of the priority sites.
(81) For more information on community engagement, see the Eni   Environment and Eni’s Management System chapter. 
(82) It should be noted that Eni does not deem the exposure to water risk as a top risk.
MATERIAL IMPACTS, RISKS AND 
OPPORTUNITIES (IROs) 
Eni recognises the importance of responsible water management 
and therefore carefully monitors water withdrawals, discharges 
and consumption in all operations, also considering the interest of 
all stakeholders categories81. The water resources management 
model adopted by Eni is based on the identification, assessment 
and minimization of the impacts on the water resources and on the 
prevention of adverse and/or illegal environmental events, as well as 
the maintenance and improvement of ecosystems. The process is an 
integral part of the broader management of environmental aspects 
in the various operating realities of the business units. About 90% of 
the water used in the industrial activities is seawater, and about 10% 
is fresh water, which is difficult to replace for many activities and 
whose accessibility could represent a potential risk to Eni’s operations. 
Seawater is mainly used for cooling and, in upstream operations, for 
Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) and drilling, operations for which brackish 
surface or underground water can also be used. Fresh water is mainly 
used to produce demineralized water (used in the production process 
or to generate steam as an energy carrier) and for cooling. 
ACTIONS TAKEN ON MATERIAL IROs 
Eni implements ISO 14001 and ISO 50001 certified management 
systems in sites with the higher HSE risk (see  Environment and Eni’s 
management system) and all projects are subject to the application 
of the ESHIA (environmental, social and health impact assessment) 
process. Eni carries out an annual analysis, in particular on fresh water, 
to assess the degree of exposure to water risk82 of its assets and to 
identify new ideas to improve the management of the water resource 
by prioritizing and planning the interventions according to the business 
activities. Eni regularly carries out assessments of its suppliers and 
also continuously monitors the suppliers performance with regard 
to their ESG positioning and, consequently, their water management, 
promoting the adoption of management systems compliant with the 
main international standards among its contractors.
Based on water risk analyses, the main improvement interventions, 
addressed and planned in the sites where fresh water withdrawals in 
stressed areas is particurarly relevant, occur in downstream industrial 
activities located in central-southern Italy and in upstream activities 
located in North Africa. The reduction of fresh water withdrawals is 
pursued by acting on several levers: increasing efficiency, recycling 
internal fresh water and replacing high-quality fresh water sources 
(groundwater, surface, municipal or third-party) with low-quality 
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water, particularly in water-stressed areas, e.g. remediated water83, 
wastewater84, desalinated85 or produced86 water. However, safeguard 
actions are also addressed to sites that are not particularly exposed 
to water stress issues such as, for example, in Italy, at the Enipower 
plant in Ferrera Erbognone, where at the end of 2022 an innovative 
water filtration system was successfully tested, with an increase 
in water efficiency, or in Mantua, where actions are underway to 
increase fresh water recycling for cooling. Furthermore, in Ferrara, in 
May 2024, a memorandum of understanding was signed with local 
Stakeholders which contains priority lines of intervention aimed at 
reducing withdrawals from the Po River and, by 2025, a wastewater 
recovery and reuse system will be activated. Eni Rewind is committed 
to making the contaminated groundwater treated in its remediation 
plants (GTP - groundwater treatment plant) available for industrial 
use, thus contributing to the reduction of high-quality fresh water 
withdrawals. The commitment to increase the share of reinjected 
produced water87 makes it possible to reduce the withdrawal of salt 
or brackish water, contributing to the protection of water resources, 
especially in areas of water stress, and, at the same time, increasing 
the recovery of hydrocarbons with their reinjection into the reservoir. 
Examples of actions in areas of stress, according to the different 
lines of intervention are: 
• Wastewater: (i) Livorno Refinery, where a water reuse plant for 
industrial wastewater has been in use since 2023; (ii) Ravenna 
petrochemical hub, with a wastewater reuse plant, which will be 
operational from 2025; (iii) Petrochemical plant in Brindisi, with a 
plant for the reuse of about 0.4 Mm3/y of wastewater, which will be 
operational by 2026; (iv) Gela biorefinery, which since August 2024 
(83) Contaminated groundwater from sites under remediation, which require treatment to remove pollutants prior to reuse/release.
(84) Combination of civil and industrial discharges in addition to rainfall collected and drained through sewer networks or drainage systems.
(85) Obtained by removing salt and impurities from seawater or other sources with high salinity.
(86) Water associated with oil and gas production that is treated and reused in the industrial cycle. 
(87) Water associated with the extraction of hydrocarbons naturally present in the reservoir, which may contain contaminants. This water, properly treated, can be reused for production 
purposes to reduce water withdrawal.
has increased the reuse of urban wastewater for industrial purposes.
• Remediated water: (i) Eni Rewind in various sites, including Porto 
Torres, Priolo, Assemini, Manfredonia and Gela, treats contaminated 
groundwater to allow it to be used for industrial purposes; (ii) studies 
have been launched to evaluate the possibility of increasing its use 
in the industrial sites of Porto Torres and Priolo (as well as at the 
Mantua site, not under stress). 
• Produced water: (i) in Val d’Agri in Basilicata, a project to treat and 
recover produced water (with a 72 m3/hour plant) for industrial 
use by replacing equal volumes of high quality fresh water, which 
will be started in 2027; (ii) projects for the optimal management 
of produced water at the Meleiha site (Agiba, Egypt) where the old 
reinjection plant was upgraded in 2023 and a new plant that will 
allow total reinjection for production purposes was built during 
2025; in Turkmenistan, at the Burun site, an initiative that led, 
starting from October 2024, to the elimination of reinjection for 
disposal was completed.
• Desalinated water: the use of desalination plants in Egypt has made 
it possible to eliminate fresh water withdrawals at the Zohr site since 
the beginning of 2022 and to minimize, since November 2022, fresh 
water withdrawals at the Abu Rudeis site.
Financial resources used for water resource management include: 
(i) water supply, desalination, and cooling systems, (ii) wastewater 
monitoring and treatment, and (iii) water injection and reinjection 
facilities. About half of the total expenditure for the management 
of water resources is allocated to interventions at sites in water-
stressed areas. For expected future resources, see the chapter on 
 Environment and Eni management system.
EXPENDITURES(a)  
Units of 
measurement
2024
2023
Total expenditures on water resources and discharges   
(M€)
178.21
149.29
of which: current costs
127.71
124.34
of which: investments
50.50
24.95
(a) The items in the table are included’s 2024 in  Note 14 “Intangible assets” and in  Note 30 “Costs - Purchases, services and other charges”. 
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METRICS88 4
In 2024, seawater withdrawals (1,032 Mm3, equal to 89% of total 
water withdrawals) recorded an overall decrease compared to 2023 
(-0.6%), as the increases in the upstream area (mainly in Indonesia 
and Ivory Coast for start-ups of activities) were offset by reductions 
in Enipower (zeroing of withdrawals from the Ravenna site due to the 
decommissioning of the only production unit that used seawater), 
Versalis (aromatic plants and logistics shutdown at the Priolo site) and 
Enilive (plant shutdownat Gela biorefinery). Fresh water withdrawals in 
2024, amounting to approximately 11% of total water withdrawals and 
attributable to petrochemical and refining activities for more than 80%, 
recorded an increase compared to 2023 (+17%), mainly attributable to 
Versalis due to the entry into the consolidation domain of Novamont 
and to the higher contributions of the Mantua sitein relation to the 
replacement of the measurement instrumentation system ; fresh water 
withdrawals at the Sannazzaro refinery (less water recovery from the 
Water Reuse plant for extraordinary maintenance) and EniPower also 
increased. Upstream fresh water withdrawals decreased due to the 
sale of Nigerian Agip Oil Co Ltd. The volumes of recycled fresh water, 
more than 73% attributable to Versalis, increased by 6% (mainly due 
to the restored contribution of the Dunkirk site, where steam cracking 
had stopped in 2023) with a percentage of reuse of Eni’s fresh water 
in 2024 of 90%, overall in line with the 2023 figure. In 2024, total 
water consumption in water-stressed areas was 38% of total water 
consumption; it should be noted that withdrawals of high-quality fresh 
water (i.e. deriving from surface water, groundwater and aqueduct) in 
water-stressed areas amounted to less than 2% of Eni’s total water 
withdrawal. Re-injected produced water percentage in 2024 rose to 
(88) For further methodological information, see  Reporting principles and criteria. Furthermore, the 2023 data for consolidated entities not operated by Eni (but by third parties) are 
not presented because, in the past, data were aggregated using a different methodology and therefore would not be comparable. 
(89) For further references, see   The regulatory system, and Eni’s  Reporting principles and criteria/Policies.
(90) In joint ventures in which Eni is not an operator, the commitment is to promote with partners the development and adoption of good management practices in line with our 
BES Policy.
(91) The mitigation hierarchy is an international best practice, for the management of risks and potential impacts on the environment, through a sequence of actions: (i) preventing and 
avoiding impacts; (ii) minimising impact where it cannot be avoided; (iii) restore and (iv) compensate.
(92) As of May 31st, 2019.
51% (42% in 2023), both due to asset disposals, new contributions 
in the Netherlands and Ghana and the increases recorded in Mexico.
88 
BIODIVERSITY 
POLICIES89 
Eni’s commitment to safeguarding biodiversity is expressed in the 
 
Code of Ethics and detailed in  Eni’s positioning on Biodiversity and 
ecosystem services. The policy outlines the process for identifying, 
assessing and managing dependencies and impacts (potential and 
actual) on biodiversity and ecosystem services, while also considering 
the consequences of these impacts on local communities, where 
applicable. This process applies, to both new and existing projects, 
throughout the entire lifecycle90. The identified impacts are managed 
through the application of the Mitigation Hierarchy91, which prioritizes 
preventive measures over corrective ones, with the aim to avoid a net 
loss of biodiversity or, where possible, to achieve a net gain. In addition 
to the BES Policy, Eni has adopted further commitments over time 
to protect areas of ecological importance. With the 
 Position on 
water, Eni promotes responsible and efficient management of water 
resources, protecting marine and fresh water ecosystems. Furthermore, 
through the  Eni’s No-Go Commitment, Eni formally commits not to 
carry out hydrocarbon exploration and development activities within 
the boundaries of Natural Sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage 
List92. Lastly,  Eni’s Position on Biomass sets out the general principles 
to ensure that agricultural practices, procurement and consumption 
of raw materials are managed sustainably. These principles include 
WATER CONSUMPTION
Units of 
measurement
2024
2023
Operated
Consolidated
not operated
Operated
Water consumption 
(Mm3) 
45
9
40
Water consumption in area with water stress 
17
7
17
Reused and recycled fresh water
1,133
2
1,066
Water withdrawals(a) 
1,162
90
1,150
 of which: seawater
1,032
82
1,038
 of which: fresh water
127
8
109
Water discharge(b) 
1,135
81
1,126
Fresh water reused 
(%)
90
26
91
Re-injected produced water
51
75
42
(a) The total water withdrawals also includes a share of brackish water.
(b) Internal procedures govern the control of the minimum quality standards and authorisation limits prescribed for each operational site, ensuring compliance and timely termination if they are exceeded.
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traceability and transparency along the supply chain, the selection of 
suppliers meeting ESG criteria and the inclusion of contractual clauses 
that ensure the supply of only certified biomass93. The certifications 
ensure that biomass does not originate from cropland converted from 
areas of high biodiversity value or from ecosystems that provide crucial 
ecological services, such as carbon capture and storage. To ensure 
the implementation of the policy commitments, Eni has developed an 
internal Regulatory framework and a  HSE Management system, 
which defines the process for identifying, prioritizing, managing and 
monitoring impacts on biodiversity. The effectiveness of the policy and 
actions is monitored through the implementation of the Biodiversity 
Action Plan94 (see  Actions and metrics). 
TARGETS AND COMMITMENTS
Although Eni does not identify quantitative targets at a consolidated 
level, Eni is constantly committed to implementing actions aimed 
at safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services, through an 
approach aimed at preventing and minimizing risks and impacts. 
Biodiversity is site-specific, with unique characteristics, which vary 
profoundly according to geographical areas, the environmental 
conditions of ecosystems and ecological interactions. The lack of a 
universal metric recognized for measuring global biodiversity makes it 
challenging to define aggregated targets at group level. For this reason, 
Eni adopts a “site-specific” management approach, implementing, 
where necessary, Biodiversity Action Plans that identify targeted 
measures and local indicators. This approach allows for a more 
effective response to the specificities of each environmental context, 
ensuring concrete and measurable actions to address impacts on the 
territory. The activities are based on an internal Regulatory framework 
and an  HSE Management system which, based on the understanding 
of the operational context, the identification of legal obligations and 
environmental compliance, as well as stakeholders’ expectations, 
ensures the definition of operational guidelines for all businesses and 
the monitoring of the  actions necessary for their implementation.
MATERIAL IMPACTS, RISKS AND 
OPPORTUNITIES (IROs) 
In the absence of actions aimed at mitigating impacts, Eni’s activities 
could generate significant negative impacts in terms of degradation or 
loss of biodiversity (habitats, ecosystems and species) and ecosystem 
services, which may vary depending ono the complexity of each project, 
the value of the natural environment and the social context. Among the 
most common impacts are those related to changes in land (or sea) 
(93) Sustainability certification schemes recognized at European or international level.
(94) A BAP is a plan that defines actions to mitigate impacts and to conserve or enhance biodiversity. It identifies priority elements and details appropriate management actions, which 
must be concrete, planned and measurable.
(95) It is an ecosystem with most of the processes and biodiversity intact, although altered by human activity (IPBES glossary). 
(96) Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) are sites that contribute significantly to the persistence of biodiversity in terrestrial, fresh water and marine ecosystems (International Union for 
Conservation of Nature, IUCN). 
(97) For the identification of direct impacts, any change (potential or actual) in the state of nature caused by an Eni activity with a direct causal link (due to the physical presence of plants 
and infrastructures and related activities such as emissions, discharges and waste) is considered.
(98) For indirect impacts, on the other hand, an indirect causal link is considered (e.g. greater colonization of the areas surrounding the operational sites can lead to increased access to 
previously inaccessible natural areas through the opening of service roads). 
(99) As indicated in the “Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services”, IPBES 2019.
(100) Negligible, low, medium, high and critical.
use, due to the physical presence of facilities and infrastructures, which 
can lead to the removal, degradation or fragmentation of habitats with 
consequences on species. In upstream oil and gas activities and in 
the large-scale development of renewable energy generation facilities, 
the impact is significant if it involves natural or semi-natural areas95. In 
addition, wind farms can have impacts on particularly vulnerable species, 
such as birds of prey, due to the risk of collision with turbines, wind blades 
and power distribution lines. On the other hand, the downstream activities 
take place in already industrialized areas with a lower contribution to land 
use change. The process of identifying and assessing dependencies and 
impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES) is part of the  
HSE Management System and, in line with ISO 14001:2015 certification, 
each site carries out environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies. In 
addition to this process, Eni has adopted a “BES Management Model” 
to address and monitor the effects of its activities on priority areas for 
biodiversity conservation, in particular legally protected areas and Key 
Biodiversity Areas (KBAs)96. The BES management model, which applies 
to the sites operated by the Company, is based on the assessment 
of biodiversity loss risk and includes: (i) mapping sites in relation to 
protected areas and KBAs to identify those at higher risk of significant 
impact; (ii) conducting in-depth studies (BES Assessment) to characterise 
the operational and environmental context, and to identify and assess 
dependencies as well as direct97 and indirect98 impacts; (iii) confirming 
priority sites among those that, following the in-depth studies, show 
significant residual impacts; (iv) designing and implementing Biodiversity 
Action Plans (BAPs) for priority sites to mitigate these impacts. The 
engagement of local stakeholders begins in the early stages of a project 
and continues throughout its life cycle, typically through dedicated 
consultations and/or workshops. Engaging with communities, indigenous 
peoples and other local stakeholders helps to understand expectations 
and concerns, assess the use of ecosystem services and biodiversity and 
identify management options that also include local needs. In identifying 
potential impacts, Eni considers the interactions between its activities 
and the environment, as well as how these may affect the main globally 
recognized drivers of biodiversity loss99, which are land and sea use 
change, overexploitation of natural resources, climate change, pollution 
and the introduction of invasive species. The next step is the assessment 
of the impact significance, combining the magnitude of the impact (e.g. 
project pressures on environmental matrices) with the sensitivity of the 
BES receptor (e.g. presence of species at risk of extinction), assigning a 
significance category100. This process also applies to dependencies on 
biodiversity and ecosystem services, also considering competition with 
other human activities and with communities in the same areas in which 
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Eni operates. Eni’s main dependencies are water resources and biomass, 
as well as some regulatory services such as coastal protection or soil 
stability. However, the relevance of these dependencies varies across 
business sectors. For example, biomass supply is particularly relevant 
for biofuels production , while the Oil & Gas and renewable energy 
portfolios (solar and wind) are entirely independent from biological 
resources. The identification and assessment of biodiversity-related 
risks and opportunities have been supported by the review of publicly 
available scenarios, which were used to assess how changes in nature 
could translate into physical risks (e.g. ecosystem degradation), transition 
risks (e.g. regulatory or reputational) or opportunities (e.g. nature-based 
solutions). The main biodiversity-related risks are: (i) physical risk, which 
involves ecosystems degradation and the potential reduction in water 
availability, that could affect the operability and profitability of assets 
in specific businesses; (ii) transition risks (regulatory\policy), mainly 
deriving from the evolution of laws and policies that expand protected 
areas and restrict access to natural resources in specific geographic 
regions. Reputational risks are also considered: a negative perception of 
the energy sector can lead to increased litigation, with potential damage 
to public image and reputation. Moreover, reduced sector attractiveness 
may result in divestments and limitations in accessing new funding or 
forming partnerships with international organizations. The  process and 
the results of Eni’s double materiality analysis have led to the exclusion 
of immediate material risks (including systemic risks101) and currently 
achieved opportunities related to biodiversity. To assess the resilience 
of Eni’s strategy against these risks, an internal analysis was carried 
out using the qualitative approach indicated by the TNFD102 “Guidance 
on scenario analysis”. For resilience to physical risks, see the chapter  
Climate change. For transition risks, a publicly available integrated climate-
nature scenario was consulted to explore possible future trajectories 
by considering variables such as the state of global biodiversity, the 
adoption of different environmental protection policies or shifts in 
consumer behaviour. Specifically, the resilience analysis focused on Eni’s 
direct operations and considered the main assumptions and the macro-
trends from the “FPS” scenario of “Inevitable Policy Response”103, with a 
time horizon from 2020 to 2050. The scenario highlights that the global 
context in which Eni operates is increasingly aware of the importance of 
safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services, which could, through 
(101) Risks arising from the breakdown of the entire system, rather than the failure of individual parts. They are characterised by modest tipping points combining indirectly to produce 
large failures with cascading of interactions of physical and transition.
(102) The TNFD (Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures) is an international initiative created to help companies and financial institutions manage risks and opportunities 
related to nature and biodiversity.
(103) The Inevitable Policy Response (IPR) “FPS” (2023 report) is a forecasting scenario that integrates the energy sector with the land use sector and models the impact of the forecasts 
of more than 300 policies on the real economy until 2050. Specifically, the IPR Land and Nature scenario is based on assumptions related to food demand, climate-nature policies and 
actions and climate and biophysical data and describes how these variables impact the environment in terms of emission levels and biodiversity and how land use changes.
(104) For the methodology and scope of consolidation, see the chapter   Reporting Principles and Criteria.
(105) In Italy, the Netherlands, Nigeria, the United Kingdom and the United States (Alaska). The highest number of concessions (81%) overlapping with protected areas is found in Europe 
(Italy and the Netherlands) and the United Kingdom.
(106) About 90% in Italy, the remaining 10% in Spain and France
(107) O&G Downstream, Enilive, Plenitude, Enipower and Versalis. 
(108) It includes KBA, IUCN protected areas (I-VI), Natura 2000, WHS, Ramsar and other nationally and internationally protected areas from global databases.
(109) 59% of the concessions are located in Alaska, all sold on 4th November 2024 to a third-party company. The remaining part is mainly located in Italy (39%) and only 2% in Tunisia.
(110) Mainly located in Italy (74%) and other European Countries (23%). Only 3% in Australia and the United States.
(111) For the definition of adjacent concessions and sites, please refer to the section   Metrics: methodologies.
(112) Species included in the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List, the main global tool for assessing the conservation status of animal and plant species, 
classified on the basis of the risk of extinction: Extinct (EX); Extinct in the wild (EW); Critically Endangered (CR); Endangered (EN); Vulnerable (VU); Near threatened (NT); Minor Concern 
(LC).
new regulations, limit bioenergy crop production in specific regions. Eni’s 
resilience to these risks is grounded in a strategy that combines global 
portfolio diversification, the development of new technologies and the 
adoption of circular business models. In this context, the company has 
implemented an approach that includes diversifying the types of agri-
feedstock used and the areas from which they are sourced, as well as 
maximizing the use of waste and by-products to reduce the consumption 
of virgin raw materials.
ACTIONS TAKEN ON MATERIAL IROs 
AND METRICS104
Currently, 32 concessions105 of the upstream O&G portfolio 
(approximately 655.5 k hectares) and 28 operational sites106 
(approximately 3.8 k hectares) related to the other business lines107 
(including 18 sites for renewable energy production) overlap with priority 
biodiversity conservation areas108. These areas are characterized 
by about 76% terrestrial habitat, 20% marine and 4% mixed habitat. 
Additionally, 41 concessions109 (about 137.7 k hectares) and 62 sites110 
(3.03 k hectares), including 40 sites for renewable energy production, 
are adjacent111 to these areas, which consist of about 86% terrestrial 
habitat, 8% marine and 6% mixed habitat. For sites where there is overlap, 
BES Assessment studies are conducted, prioritized based on risk and, 
where necessary, Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) are implemented to 
manage significant residual impacts on protected areas and KBAs. The 
BAP is the primary tool for implementing and monitoring actions aimed 
at mitigating the identified impacts, ensuring compliance with the 
commitments set out in the  BES Policy. The table lists the sites and 
concessions, in which Eni is the operator, and where BAPs are already 
being implemented. The main impact observed at these sites relates to 
land use change resulting from the infrastructure of the upstream Oil & 
Gas activities (pipelines installation and construction of well pads) and 
Plenitude’s power generation facilities. This change can lead to the loss 
or degradation of habitats, potentially disrupting the species that inhabit 
them. To mitigate this impact, the BAPs of these sites focus on two 
priority areas of intervention: (i) the restoration of natural habitats that 
have been modified or degraded, and (ii) monitoring campaigns aimed 
at confirming the presence of endangered species112 and assessing 
potential impacts on their conservation status. 
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113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120121122123      
(113) For more information on overlapping sites, please refer to the  
 eni.com website
(114) It indicates the area (in hectares) of sites or concessions that intersect even marginally the boundaries of protected areas and KBAs. This figure represents an overestimate, as it 
also includes areas that are not actually overlapping.  
(115) Metric used in BAP for monitoring mitigation actions.
(116) Sites: Abetina di Laurenzana, Monte della Madonna di Viggiano; Monte Caldarosa; Monte Volturino; Serra di Calvello, Lago Pertusillo, Appennino Lucano, Monte Volturino, Faggeta 
di Monte Pierfaone, Valle Agri, Monte Sirino, Monte Raparo.
(117) Habitats that can be restored during the current operational phase of the project. The remaining part of the habitat will only be restorable during the decommissioning phase, at 
the end of the project’s life.
(118) It corresponds to the area of the polygon that encloses all the wind turbines. The actual surface occupied (the footprint of the turbines), is less than one hectare.
(119) It should be noted that 100% of Nikaitchuq and Oooguruk’s Alaska assets were sold on November 4, 2024 to a third-party company.
(120) The concession does not overlap with protected areas or KBAs, but the ground receiving facility (ORF) overlaps with a KBA.
(121) Biodiversity offset refers to the compensation of residual negative impacts on biodiversity caused by the development of a project, after taking all possible prevention and 
mitigation measures. It represents the last step in the mitigation hierarchy
(122) Concession 110/13b is not overlapping but the pipeline connecting the wells (Douglas platform) to the Point of Ayr gas terminal crosses the protected areas.
(123) Only the protected areas that were present at the time of the pipeline laying activity are listed.
PRIORITY SITES OVERLAPPING AREAS OF HIGH BIODIVERSITY VALUE113   
Sites/
concessions
Area 
(hectares)114
Main activities/
impact on 
biodiversity
Impact 
metric115
Affected 
biodiversity areas
Main mitigation and monitoring actions of the BAP
Italy
Val D’Agri oil  
and gas 
production 
concession
52.6 k 
Land use change 
Loss or degradation of 
forest habitat due to the 
laying of pipelines and 
the construction of well 
pads (and partial soil 
sealing)
Hectares of  
habitat lost or 
degraded
• Parco nazionale 
dell’Appennino 
Lucano-Val d’Agri-
Lagonegrese; Riserva 
regionale Abetina di 
Laurenzana;
• 1 KBA Agri Valley;
• 11 Natura 2,000 
sites116
• Since 2003, 154 ha have been under restoration (92% of the target of restoring 100% 
of the restorable areas117, 167 ha, by 2026). 
• BAP activities (with an expenditure of €223k in 2024, and €800k planned for 2025-
2028) carried out with the support of NGOs, universities and local experts.
• Periodic monitoring (at least until 2026) to verify the effectiveness of interventions 
and confirm the presence and status of endangered species. 
• To date, the presence of the Apennine toad (endangered species), the wildcat and the 
wolf have been identified (trigger species for critical habitat). 
• Ongoing monitoring of bats to assess potential impacts of artificial lighting.
• A restoration plan has been developed for a degraded wetland to improve amphibian 
habitat.
Italy 
Collarmele  
Wind Farm 
234118
Land use change
Impacts on species 
modification of 
the habitat due to 
the presence of 
wind turbines and 
interference with the 
flight of birds
Hectares of habitat 
lost or degraded
Number of collision 
events/year
Natura 2000: Sirente, 
Velino, Colle del 
Rascito
KBA: Sirente, Velino 
e Montagne della 
Duchessa
• Memorandum of understanding with the Sirente Velino Regional Natural Park, with 
implementation starting in 2025.
• Mitigation actions are planned (e.g. the installation of detection cameras, acoustic 
deterrent and shutdown systems, capEx €180 k) and monitoring for at least 1 year 
to assess the effectiveness of the measures (about € 12 k/year).
Alaska 
Nikaitchuq and 
Oooguruk oil and 
gas production 
concessions119
25.1k
Change of land and 
sea use
Loss of marine (shallow 
waters) and terrestrial 
(tundra) habitats due 
to the development of 
the infrastructure (and 
partial onshore soil 
sealing and degradation)
Hectares of habitat 
lost or degraded
Beaufort Sea 
Nearshore (KBA)
• The BAP included actions to restore the 5.4 hectares of tundra converted into 
onshore infrastructure. 
• Arctic tundra workshop (2023) to share knowledge and identify needs with local 
stakeholders. 
• Preliminary assessments (2024) on the impacts of heat and dust emissions on 
the tundra. 
• Monitoring campaign on nesting coastal birds, to assess the impact of noise, 
lighting and collision risk.
• The activities carried out in 2024 had an expenditure of €570k.
Ghana 
Onshore reception 
facility of the 
Offshore Cape 
Three Point 
production site120
Offshore Cape 
Three production 
site
96
Land use change
Loss of forest habitat 
due to infrastructure 
development (and partial 
soil sealing) 
Hectares of habitat 
lost or degraded
Amansuri wetlands 
(KBA)
• Goal to ensure “No Net Loss” of natural habitat over the 20 years of the project (until 
2040), with restoration of 11 ha of deforested areas and conservation actions on 
about 22 ha of natural forest to offset121 the non-restorable habitat (expenditure of 
€150 k in 2024, of which 82 k€ for offset, and €7,216 k allocated for environmental 
studies and monitoring in 2025-2028).
• In line with the planning, the replanting of the deforested areas has been completed; 
• Monitoring of offset and restoration of deforested areas through different indicators 
(Leaf Area, forest bird diversity and species richness), with a progress of 25%, in line 
with the planning.
• Planned investments from the World Bank and alignment with IFC performance 
standards and guidelines, which carries out quarterly and annual audits through 
independent consultants. 
United 
Kingdom 
Liverpool Bay,
(pipeline)122
4
Land use change
Loss and deterioration 
of dune habitat due to 
pipeline laying
Hectares of habitat 
lost or degraded
Gronant Dunes 
and Talacre Warren 
SSSI, Dee Estuary 
Ramsar Site123
• Launched in 1994 a restoration program for the dunes of Gronant and Talacre (4 
ha) impacted by the laying of the pipeline with an expenditure of €68k in 2024 and 
€270k expected for the 2025-2028 period. 
• The restoration programme also focuses on enhancing and protecting the most 
degraded dune areas, due to the pressure of recreational activities, and involves 
collaboration with local authorities to control access. 
• A further 66.7 hectares of dunes have been acquired to ensure long-term 
management and monitoring of this habitat. 
• The implementation of the management plan is ongoing. 
• Two species have been successfully reintroduced: the Natterjack toad and the sand lizard.
Spain 
Bonete  
Solar plant
193
Land use change 
Impacts on species 
Habitat loss or 
deterioration due to 
Bonete II and Bonete 
III plants
Hectares of habitat 
lost or degraded
• Natura 2000: Área 
esteparia del este  
de Albacete
• KBA:  
Pétrola-Almansa-
Yecla
Implementation of the BAP since the start-up of the plant in 2020 with ongoing actions 
(approx. €30k/year 2024-2028) including:
• Vegetation management plan for the solar plant (elimination of herbicides and 
agrochemicals and replacement of barley - intensive crop - with grasslands to promote 
the diversification of pollinators and arthropods). 
• Replanting with native species around the facilities and regular monitoring.
• Measures to support wildlife (installation of nests for birds and bats and water 
troughs, modification of fences.
• Collaboration with a neighboring farm to implement agri-environmental measures 
supporting steppe birds. 
•Environmental monitoring of fauna and the effectiveness of conservation measures.
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In addition to the assets where Eni is the operator, Eni participates in 
some concessions operated by third parties that overlap with protected 
areas. These include: (i) in Kazakhstan, the Kashagan concession 
(NCOC) which overlaps with the protected area “State Reserved Zone in 
Northern part of Caspian Sea”; (ii) in Egypt, four concessions124 operated 
through the company Petrobel which overlap with the El Qa plain 
(KBA). In these areas, Eni oversees BES Assessment activities and has 
implemented a BAP aimed primarily at mitigating impacts on modified 
desert habitats, which are affected by waste awaiting treatment and 
disposal. The key intervention involves the cleaning, characterization 
and reclamation of degraded land. Additionally, ongoing assessments 
are being conducted to evaluate potential impacts on migratory bird 
species, which trigger the KBA status of the El Qa plain.
RESOURCE USE AND 
CIRCULAR ECONOMY 
POLICIES125
Eni’s commitment to the circular economy is outlined both in 
the  
 Code of Ethics and in the internal Regulatory Framework 
which promote production and consumption models based on the 
regenerative principles of the circular economy, aimed at reducing 
the use of virgin and non-renewable resources. These principles are 
applied to Eni’s activities, through actions aimed at improving efficiency, 
reducing waste, maximizing the recovery and valorisation of waste 
and by-product, using secondary raw materials or renewable sources, 
extending the lifespan of its assets as well as innovating processes and 
products, in order to generate long-term value for both the environment 
and society.
TARGETS and COMMITMENTS 
Eni promotes waste prevention in line with the priority criteria in 
waste management established by EU legislation and ensures proper 
management, as required by internal regulatory framework. Waste 
production is influenced by factors that may go beyond routine 
operations (e.g. extraordinary maintenance interventions, changes in 
project timline) and by exogenous factors (e.g. authorisation issues, 
regulatory changes, modifications in scope, etc.) making it challenging 
to define quantitative reduction targets; despite this, Eni is committed 
to implementing projects with a strong circular footprint (see  Actions 
taken on material IROs). Eni adopts an internal regulatory framework 
and a   HSE Management system that, based on the understanding 
of the operational context, the identification of legislative obligations, 
environmental compliance and stakeholder expectations, as well 
as the assessment of impacts, risks and opportunities, ensures the 
definition of operational guidelines for all businesses. In addition, 
it guarantees the biannual monitoring of the actions necessary for 
(124) Oil and gas production concessions in Sinai are: Belayim Land Dl, Ekma Dl, Feiran Dl, Ras Gharra Dl. 
(125) For further references, see   The regulatory system, and Eni’s  Reporting principles and criteria/Policies.
(126) For water, see the chapter   Water Resources.
their implementation and tracks specific KPIs for the timely control of 
performance and for the rapid intervention in cases of misalignment 
with the expected outcomes.
MATERIAL IMPACTS, RISKS AND 
OPPORTUNITIES (IROs) IRO-1 11A 
In order to assess impacts, risks and opportunities, all Eni companies, 
relevant according to the HSE risk assessment clustering, were 
considered in terms of waste generation, resource use126 and circular 
economy actions. With regards to material impacts, waste generation 
and treatment represent a negative impact that Eni can potentially 
generate on environmental matrices (soil, water and air) and on local 
communities, while carrying out its activities. Eni’s operations, by their 
nature, involve waste generation and the associated negative impacts 
include the potential contamination of environmental matrices in the 
event of inadequate management, the impacts associated with the 
transportation and treatment at the destination facilities and the land 
consumption associated with such facilities. The waste produced by Eni 
derives from both production and remediation activities; regarding the 
latter, most of the volumes are related to contaminated groundwater, 
which is treated at Eni Rewind’s groundwater treatment) plants (GTP), 
making it available, where possible, for industrial and environmental uses, 
and thus contributing to the reduction of high-quality water withdrawals. 
Waste production from soil and groundwater remediation is also related 
to assets that Eni acquired from other companies but where it has never 
operated directly. In this context, Eni Rewind also offers remediation 
and waste management services to third parties, leveraging its internal 
technologies and know-how. With regards to the composition of waste 
from production activities, when not managed as discharge, produced 
water represents the most significant contribution. These waters are 
generally characterized by a very high salinity and variable composition, 
with the presence of residual components, including hydrocarbons and 
additives, following the fluid separation process. On the other hand, 
waste from remediation activities is mainly composed of groundwater 
most of it containing contaminants such as hydrocarbons, benzene and 
dichloroethane. The double materiality assessment also highlighted a 
positive impact on the environment resulting from actions for a circular 
economy, through the repurposing and redevelopment of assets and 
brownfield sites, as well as the use of raw materials from renewable 
sources and recycling within production processes. 
ACTIONS TAKEN ON MATERIAL IROs 
Circular Economy
The circular economy is an important lever for achieving global 
environmental protection goals. As such, Eni integrates circularity 
principles into its business model, applying them in the development of 
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new product value chains as well as in existing ones. In Eni’s downstream 
business, a key initiative is the transformation of traditional refineries into 
biorefineries. In 2024, the conversion of the refinery in Livorno for HVO 
production has started, with completion and start-up expected by 2026. 
This project will add on the Enilive biorefineries in Porto Marghera (since 
2014), and in Gela (since 2019). Through the conversion of the Livorno 
industrial site, Eni confirms its commitment to increasing biorefining 
capacity from the current 1.65 million tons/year to over 5 million by 
2030 (for more details see  Climate change). Enilive’s circular projects 
include the production of advanced biofuels mainly derived from waste 
such as used cooking oils – along with a residual part of vegetable oils 
– and the production of biomethane obtained from organic residues 
(agricultural and agro-industrial waste, livestock wastewater and 
organic waste). Additionally, at the Sannazzaro site, Eni is currently 
assessing the process to transform non-recyclable waste into circular 
methanol and hydrogen through the Waste to Chemicals technology. 
The biorefineries are also part of certified supply chains that include 
initiatives for the recovery of degraded soils in different Countries in 
Africa, Southeast Asia and Central Asia, through the cultivation of 
oilseed plants for biofuels production. The by-products resulting from 
these processes are also valued and transformed into animal feed and 
fertilisers. In the chemical sector, Versalis is leading different circularity 
and sustainability initiatives: (i) in the field of bio-based chemicals, 
and through the recent acquisition of Novamont, it is strengthening 
its commitment to feedstock diversification by using renewable raw 
materials , such as biomass, for the production of chemicals, plastics 
and other products; (ii) it is also developing products containing 
recycled materials alongside complementary recycling technologies, 
both mechanical and chemical, for plastics and rubbers, supported by 
internal research and collaborations with associations, consortia and 
other industry stakeholders. In this field, in 2024 REFENCE™127 was 
launched – a range of recycled polymers mainly for food packaging. 
Additionally, at the Porto Marghera site, the construction of the first 
plant for recycled plastic processing was completed, with start-up 
scheduled for early 2025. Finally, in Mantua, Italy, activities to launch 
the Hoop® demonstration plant continued. Based on the pyrolysis 
process, this plant will transform mixed plastic waste – non-recyclable 
through mechanical process – into a raw material (recycled oil) that 
can be used to produce polymers with the same characteristics as 
virgin ones. Eni Rewind has planned the implementation over the next 
three years of a plant in Viggiano (PZ) for the treatment and recovery 
of produced water associated with the extraction of hydrocarbons. 
This will prevent the need for liquid waste to be managed by tanker, as 
these waters will instead be recovered, treated and reused in industrial 
processes. In addition, within the next two years, the construction 
of the Ponticelle (RA) bio-remediation plant is planned. This facility 
will focus on the valorisation of soil from remediation activities and it 
will include the creation of an environmental platform for the sorting 
and preparation of industrial waste to maximize and optimize the 
(127) The NEWER™ technology allows the purification of recycled polymers, ensuring compliance with the EU/1616/2022 Recycling Regulation.
subsequent recovery process. Both platforms will enable the recovery 
of waste that would otherwise be destined for disposal in landfills. In 
the upstream business, the main initiatives, currently under screening 
phase, focus on the repurpose of mature assets that have reached the 
end of their production phase, including the reuse of single components 
and recycling of materials. Examples include the reuse of platforms for 
the installation of offshore data center facilities (with feasibility studies 
planned in 2025 in the Adriatic Sea) and the repurposing of onshore sites 
for the construction of wind and solar power plants (in 2024 preliminary 
feasibility evaluations were conducted to assess the conversion of 
a few Italian industrial areas). Plenitude focuses its commitment 
on revamping and repowering studies to extend the useful life of its 
assets and, through research activities, on analyzing  decommissioning 
scenarios for renewable energy production plants. The measurement 
of circularity plays a crucial role for control, management and 
transparency. With the support of the Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna of 
Pisa, Eni has developed a circularity measurement model based on 
internationally recognized principles and validated by a third-party 
certification entity. Eni has also collaborated with the working 
groups of UNI (Italian Standards Organization) and ISO (International 
Standardization Organization). In 2023, Eni launched a pilot project 
for the application of the experimental UNI TS 11820 standard for 
measuring circularity. Following the finalization of the standard in 
2024. The assertion of circularity for offices, laboratories as well as 
business support functions and service companies (the so-called 
“Support Function”) has been verified by a third party auditor. 
Waste
As far as waste management activities are concerned, Eni pays 
particular attention to the traceability of the entire process and 
to the due diligence activities run on the parties involved in the 
disposal/recovery chain, seeking every viable solution aimed 
at waste prevention. Almost all waste management activities 
in Italy are managed by Eni Rewind, which has continued its 
digitization project launched in 2020 to improve the efficiency 
and monitoring of its waste management process. In order to 
limit the negative impacts related to waste, only authorised third 
parties are considered, favouring recovery solutions over disposal 
solutions, in line with the priority criteria indicated by EU and 
national legislation. Eni Rewind, based on the characteristics of 
the individual waste, selects technically feasible recovery and 
disposal solutions, favouring recovery, treatment operations that 
reduce the quantities sent to final disposal and suitable plants 
at a shorter distance from the waste production site; in addition, 
audits on environmental suppliers are carried out evaluating their 
operational waste management. Since treatment plants are not 
always available within the operational sites, waste treatment 
is mainly carried out at off-site third-party plants, properly 
authorized according to local regulations. Regarding foreign 
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In 2024, more than 4 million tons of waste were produced at Eni, 
of which 1.2 million tons from production activities and 3.2 million 
tons from remediation activities, with an overall trend down by 1% 
compared to 2023. Waste from production activities generated in 
2024 fell by a total of 25% compared to 2023, due to the reductions 
recorded for both hazardous and non-hazardous waste. The trend 
was influenced by the sale of the company in Nigeria (Nigerian 
Agip Oil Co Ltd), the sale of the sites in Alaska by Eni US Op. Co 
Inc, the end of drilling and construction activities in the Ivory 
Coast and the reduction of production water disposed of in Gela. 
In 2024, more than 300 thousand tons of waste from production 
(128) For the methodology and scope of consolidation, see the chapter   Reporting Principles and criteria.
activities were sent for recovery and recycling, decreasing by 
38% compared to 2023. The 3.2 million tonnes of waste from 
remediation activities (of which 2.6 million from Eni Rewind) have 
increased by 14% compared to 2023, mainly due to the start of 
new construction sites at the Sannazzaro refinery. Most of the 
remediation waste consists of water treated in GTP plants (over 
60% in 2024), partly reused and partly returned to the environment. 
In 2024, more than 596 thousand tons of remediation waste were 
sent for recovery and recycling, decreasing by 4% compared to 
2023, mainly due to a reduction in remediation activities in the Eni 
SpA distretto meridionale.128
METRICS128
sites, Eni’s optimal waste management strategy is implemented 
through the reduction of waste production, the improvement of its 
collection and segregation processes. Furthermore, by applying 
the principles of circular economy, Eni is committed to optimizing 
the recycling and reuse of materials, both through more specific 
reporting in waste management and through new opportunities 
for waste valorisation. Eni also continues to promote awareness-
raising activities among its foreign subsidiaries, also through 
dissemination and sharing of initiatives and experiences for proper 
waste management and valorisation. In all the companies in which 
Eni operates, it is committed to complying with current waste 
legislation and reducing the environmental impacts associated 
with the various phases of the management process. For this 
reason, Eni monitors the evolution of sector regulations and adopts 
tools and procedures to support waste management. Among the 
tools Eni adopts there is also the involvement of HSE structures 
in the evaluation of suppliers and the use of IT applications that 
support waste management. 
WASTE EXPENSES(a)(b)
Units of 
measurement
2024
2023
Waste management expenses and investments 
(M€)
246.57
222.30
of which: current expenses
228.75
217.59
of which: investments
17.82
4.71
(a) For the main expenses related to the circular economy, please refer to the Capital Allocation paragraph in the  Climate Change chapter.
(b) The items in the table are included in Eni’s 2024 consolidated financial statements, in the item in  Note 14 “Intangible assets” and in   Note 30 “Costs - Purchases, services and other charges”.
WASTE
2024
2023
Units of 
measurement
Operated
Consolidated not 
operated
 Operated
Total waste generated
 (million tonnes)
4.4
0.7
4.5
Total hazardous waste
0.6
0.5
0.6
Hazardous waste diverted from disposal (recovered/recycled)
0.1
0.0
0.2
Hazardous waste for disposal
0.6
0.5
0.3
Of which: incinerated
0.0
0.0
0.0
Of which: in landfill 
0.1
0.0
0.0
Of which: other disposal operations
0.5
0.5
0.3
Non-hazardous waste diverted from disposal (recovered/recycled)
0.8
0.0
0.9
Non-hazardous waste for disposal
2.8
0.1
2.9
Of which: incinerated
0.0
0.0
0.1
Of which: in landfill
0.1
0.0
0.1
Of which: other disposal operations
2.7
0.1
2.7
Total amount of non-recycled waste 
(%)
79
98
74
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EU Taxonomy
Regulation EU 852/2020 of the European Parliament and of the 
Council enacted in 2020 has established a classification system of 
economic activities based on criteria of environmental sustainability 
for the purposes of channeling productive investments. 
An economic activity is environmentally sustainable where that 
economic activity:
i)	 contributes substantially to one or more of the environmental 
objectives of the EU;
ii)	 does not significantly harm any of the environmental objectives;
iii)	is carried out in compliance with the minimum safeguards 
foreseen by the Regulation, which are procedures implemented 
by an undertaking that is carrying out an economic activity to 
ensure a responsible business conduct.
Eni has verified the eligibility of the economic activities conducted by 
the Group in relation to the EU sustainability objectives regulated by 
the Commission, through alignment with the Delegated Acts:
•	 for the objectives of climate change mitigation and adaptation 
to climate change, the “Climate Delegated Act” (EU Delegated 
Regulation 
2021/2139, 
structured 
into 
two 
annexes), 
supplemented by the Complementary Delegated Act (EU 
Regulation 2022/1214), which governs the production of 
electricity from nuclear and gas;
•	 for the objectives: (i) sustainable use and protection of water 
and marine resources; (ii) transition to a circular economy; 
(iii) prevention and reduction of pollution; (iv) protection and 
restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems, the “Environmental 
Delegated Act” (EU Delegated Regulation 2023/2486, including 
four Annexes).
As the next step, the Group evaluated the degree of alignment of its 
economic activities with the objectives of the Taxonomy through 
the verification of compliance with the “Technical Screening Criteria 
- TSC,” which are the performance conditions for an economic 
activity to make a substantial contribution to the objective and 
respect the “do no significant harm” principle to other objectives. 
Furthermore, for each activity, compliance with the safeguard 
clause was verified. The Group’s economic activities capable of 
making a substantial contribution to the climate change mitigation 
objective were identified. The Group does not produce products or 
services for climate change adaptation, while activities contributing 
to environmental objectives, in consideration of the limited number 
of eligible activities and the selectivity of the TSC, are minimal, in 
the Eni consolidated financial statement.
Based on the reporting criteria established by the Commission 
through Delegated Act EU 2021/2178, the key performance 
indicators (KPIs) of Eni’s activities aligned with the Taxonomy for 
2024 and the corresponding comparison period were calculated.
REPORTING OBLIGATIONS  
AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
With Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/2178, the Commission 
defined the content and the presentation methods for the three 
performance indicators (“KPIs”) related to the share of revenues, 
operating costs (“opex”), and investments (“capex”) associated 
with economic activities aligned with the total of these three 
items at the consolidated financial statement level, as well as the 
commentary information and the reporting templates.
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ENI GROUP - YEAR 2024
TURNOVER
CAPEX
OPEX
Absolute 
amount 
in € mln
proportion 
%
Absolute 
amount 
in € mln
proportion 
%
Absolute 
amount 
in € mln
proportion 
%
A. TAXONOMY - ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES
A.1. ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ACTIVITIES 
(TAXONOMY-ALIGNED)
812 
0.9%
1,222 
7.9%
282 
6.5%
A.2. TAXONOMY-ELIGIBLE BUT NOT ENVIRONMENTALLY 
SUSTAINABLE ACTIVITIES (NOT TAXONOMY-ALIGNED ACTIVITIES)
4,601 
5.2%
419 
2.7%
403 
9.4%
TOTAL A.1 + A.2
 5,413 
6.1%
1,641 
10.6%
685 
15.9%
B. TAXONOMY-NON-ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES
 83,384 
93.9%
13,861 
89.4%
3,624 
84.1%
TOTAL A+B
 88,797 
100.0%
15,502 
100.0%
4,309 
100.0%
SUMMARY TABLE OF TAXONOMY KPI 2024 - 2023
Turnover
Capex
Opex
(€ mln)
2024
2023
2024
2023
2024
2023
3.17 Manufacture of plastics in primary form
230 
 59 
4 
745 
 38 
5 
4.1 Electricity generation using solar photovoltaic technology
 80 
192 
529 
606 
 28 
 86 
4.3 Electricity generation (wind)
159 
168 
 48 
138 
 46 
 25 
4.8 Electricity generation from bioenergy
 40 
 35 
7 
2 
 10 
8 
4.10 Storage of electricity
1
98
23
1
4.13 Manufacture of biogas and biofuels for use in transport and of bioliquids
297 
660 
300 
224 
157 
 64 
5.12 Underground permanent geological storage of CO2
 
146 
145 
 
6.15 Infrastructure enabling low carbon road transport and public transport
 
 82 
121 
 
Other
5 
5 
8 
 8 
2 
2 
Total aligned
812 
1,119 
1,222 
2,012 
282 
190 
Consolidated
88,797 
93,717 
15,502 
13,665 
4,309 
3,979 
Taxonomy KPI
0.9%
1.2%
7.9%
14.7%
6.5%
4.8%
KPIS OF NON-FINANCIAL UNDERTAKINGS
EUROPEAN TAXONOMY: SUMMARY TEMPLATE FOR THE KPI OF NON-FINANCIAL UNDERTAKINGS
Information and reporting templates provided for in Reg. 2021/2178 and relative amendments and additions are described within the  Reporting 
principles and criteria chapter.
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Human rights for Eni
In order to describe Eni’s commitment to social aspects and respect 
for human rights, as well as to highlight some of the aspects that are 
common to all social standards, the reporting on the specific social 
topics required by the ESRS is preceded by an introductory chapter 
on the human rights management system. 128
POLICIES129 
Eni’s commitment to social aspects and respect for human rights 
is outlined in the  
 Code of Ethics, where the respect for the 
dignity of people and Human Rights is expected in Eni’s activities 
and in those of business partners towards which whom Eni 
requires the same commitment from all those operating on its 
behalf. The  
 ECG Policy Respect for Human Rights in Eni130, 
illustrates the due diligence process according to the international 
standards, in particular the United Nations Guiding Principles on 
Business and Human Rights (UNGP) and the OECD Guidelines for 
Multinational Enterprises and it is recalled that Eni’s commitment, 
management model and activities are developed taking into 
account the so-called salient human rights issue. These represent 
the most significant issues for Eni, identified considering the 
business activities conducted, the operating contexts and the point 
of view of local and international stakeholders, while adopting a 
risk-based and compliance approach. The Policy outlines respect 
for and application of the principles set out by the International 
Labour Organization’s (ILO) Tripartite Declaration on Multinational 
Enterprises and Social Policy which includes the fundamental 
labour rights enshrined in the ILO Declaration, as well as the rights 
set out in the international labour instruments for the promotion of 
decent working conditions. The Policy also defines how to engage 
stakeholders during all phases of the due diligence process, 
emphasizing active collaboration perspective, and it describes 
the complaint mechanisms and other reporting channels, both 
at central and operational site level, aimed at ensuring that any 
possible violations of Human Rights are promptly seized, analyzed, 
managed and – if ascertained – addressed with remedial measures. 
If negative impacts on workers and communities caused by Eni (or 
that Eni has contributed to cause), specific measures to verify the 
event and remedies are defined, also in collaboration with Third 
Parties. Eni expects Third Parties to also have adequate remedial 
mechanism in place. Another significant role is played by the 
(129) For further references, see  The Regulatory system, and Eni’s  Reporting principles and criteria/Policies.
(130) The principles reported in this section refer to all 4 categories of stakeholders required by the ESRS: workers, workers in the value chain, communities and customers; as such these 
principles have been covered in this section in a transversal way.
“responsible contracting”,  a set of contractual standards, defined 
with a risk-based approach according to the type of contract, that 
are aligned with the provisions of human rights legislation, with 
particular reference to workers’ rights. The Policy also outlines the 
commitment to respect the minimum age of access to employment, 
and the measures outlined by applicable international and national 
legislations on child labour, including its worst forms, as well as the 
rejection of any form of forced or compulsory labour, including any 
practice of labour exploitation, such as human trafficking, restriction 
of freedom of movement and seizure of identity documents. Eni 
expects all its business partners to commit themselves to comply 
with both the principles set out in the Human Rights policy and  in 
the  
 Supplier Code of Conduct. Finally, the internal regulatory 
framework sets out Eni’s commitment to promoting respect for 
human rights in the context of activities entrusted to, or conducted 
with partners and by stakeholders (for further information, see 
the  Policies: Code of Ethics and Regulatory System chapter). 
In cases of potential divergence between local and international 
standards, the kind of solutions sought are those that allow 
conduct based on international standards while taking into account 
local principles and ensuring the analysis and the assessment of 
the risks associated with possible violations, in order to monitor 
the level of risk and verify the effectiveness of the management 
actions identified.
MONITORING HUMAN RIGHTS
Human Rights are also monitored by Eni’s Board of Directors, who 
approved in 2023  the 
 ECG Policy Respect for Human Rights 
in Eni and the 
 ECG Policy Zero Tolerance against violence and 
harassment in the workplace, and in particular, by the Sustainability 
and Scenarios Committee, to which the main updates made to the 
human rights management system and the activities carried out are 
presented every year. In 2024, Eni continued to assign incentives 
to management linked to human rights performance, assigning 
specific objectives to all managerial levels, including direct reports 
to the CEO, and continued a path of awareness and training through 
general learning courses dedicated to all Eni personnel, specific 
courses on topics and areas particularly exposed to risks of negative 
impacts, and practical workshops for suppliers on security and 
human rights issues. 
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Human Rights Due Diligence
The path taken in recent years on the dissemination and 
consolidation of the culture of respecting human rights has 
strengthened the due diligence outlined by the Policy. The approach 
is based on a shared responsibility between several functions to 
properly manage the most important processes for human rights 
risks: human resources, procurement, security, sustainability and 
compliance. Due diligence is an ongoing process focused on the 
full spectrum of human rights implications that Eni’s activities 
could have, going beyond the list defined by the so-called “Salient 
Human Rights Issue”. This multidisciplinary, multi-level model 
integrated into business processes and called the “human rights 
management model”, is risk-based with the aim of identifying, 
preventing, mitigating and reporting negative impacts on human 
rights.
TRAINING ON HUMAN RIGHTS 
Units of 
measurement
2024
2023
Human rights training hours
Hours
955(a)
1,182
Employees who have received human rights training
(%)
78
77
(a) In particular, in 2024 the fruitions has been limited given the fact that it was not a year characterized by massive campaigns.
GOVERNANCE AND COMMITMENT
Human rights have been incorporated into 
governance policies and processes, including 
through the structuring of appropriate 
training frameworks. 
DUE DILIGENCE
Eni has adopted a management system which 
includes a set of processes and tools to assess 
the most relevant issues, risks and impacts 
related to the respect for human rights. 
ACCESS TO REMEDY
Eni ensures adequate management of 
complaints through the “Grievance 
Mechanism” and the whistleblowing 
process. 
A cornerstone of the human rights management model is the 
commitment of the top management and all structures involved to 
guarantee the application of the principles to respect human rights and 
the appropriate integration into the various regulatory instruments at 
all levels. Another element is the stakeholder engagement as well as 
constant and adequate access to complaint mechanisms/reporting 
channels to ensure that any possible violations of Human Rights is 
promptly intercepted, analyzed, managed and, if ascertained, remedy 
measures are applied. This model is based on: (i) the mapping of the 
Salient Human Rights Issue and the Compliance Risk Assessment; 
(ii) the identification and assessment of potential risks or negative 
impacts131 that Eni activities, products or services may cause or 
contribute to causing, structuring adequate support safeguards132; 
(iii) the definition and implementation of measures to prevent or 
manage risks and impacts and the remedy measures where the 
negative impact has nevertheless occurred; (iv) periodic or specific 
(131) The risks related to potential human rights violations are assessed from a dual perspective: (i) risk of causing (or contributing to causing) negative impacts, actual or potential, with 
reference to the UNGPs and OECD Guidelines; (ii) risk of incurring sanctions, significant financial losses, or reputational damage (so-called compliance risk).
(132) These assessments can also be conducted through the implementation of Human Rights Impact Assessment or Human Rights Risk Analysis (more detailed in the  Local 
Communities chapter).
monitoring according to qualitative and quantitative indicators; 
(v) planning and reporting activities aimed at defining planning 
guidelines and providing a summary of activities and performance 
related to human rights. 
Salient Human Rights Issues 
Eni’s commitment, management model and activities conducted 
on human rights focus on the issues considered most significant 
for the company considering the business activities conducted 
and the contexts in which it operates. This set of issues, the so-
called “Salient Human Rights Issue”, identified for the first time in 
2017, were updated in 2024, through the engagement of more 
than a hundred people from different Eni functions in dedicated 
workshops and through the engagmeent of some authoritative 
stakeholders. Following the analysis, 13 main issues were identified, 
divided between workers, communities and consumers, as well as 5 
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additional issues to be monitored as they are relevant in relation to 
specific business activities or specific operating contexts.
To oversee these most significant issues, Eni has adopted risk-based 
models, which are discussed in depth in the following chapters, 
which make it possible to collect information on the operating 
context, evaluate them considering the specific activities carried out 
and business processes, seize potential risk elements and adopt 
appropriate prevention and management measures in consideration 
of the levels of risk themselves. 
Access to Remedial Measures, 
Whistleblowing process and Grievance 
Mechanisms
Eni is committed to adopt, also in collaboration with Third Parties, 
remedial measures against any negative impacts caused (or that it has 
contributed to cause) as well as to make every effort to ensure a remedy 
if the impact is directly related to its activities, products or services. To 
this end, Eni commits to use its leverage on third parties to ensure that 
any negative impacts directly linked to their activities are remedied.
In line with this commitment and in accordance with international 
standards, Eni’s human rights management model makes use of 
mechanisms for receiving complaints and concerns from stakeholders, 
individuals, communities or associations of individuals, with particular 
attention to the most vulnerable categories, through which supposed 
violations of human rights connected to Eni’s activities can be reported 
(133) Report file: it is a summary document of the investigations conducted on the report(s) (which may contain one or more detailed and verifiable assertions) in which the summary of 
the investigation carried out on the facts subject to the whistleblowing report, the outcome of the investigations carried out and any action plans identified are reported.
to the Company. These mechanisms allow the Company to intercept, 
assess, manage and – if the impacts are ascertained – put in place 
the appropriate remedial measures in a timely manner. In particular, 
two specific channels are available to stakeholders in the event of an 
alleged violation of human rights: (i) the Grievance Mechanism, i.e. the 
process of sending, managing and resolving grievances or complaints, 
in which grievances referring to Human Rights classified as “relevant” 
undergo a specific process of analysis and response (see  Local 
Communities); (ii) the “whistleblowing Reports” allowing anyone, 
employees or third parties, to report, also confidentially or anonymously, 
problems relating to the Internal Control System or other matters in 
violation of the  Code of Ethics (see the  Business Conduct chapter). 
Regarding whistleblowing reports, during the year the investigation of 
63 files133 was completed, of which 32 referred to human rights, mainly 
relating to potential impacts on workers’ rights and occupational 
health and safety. In particular, 64 assertions were verified, for 10 of 
which the reported facts were confirmed, at least in part, and corrective 
actions were taken to mitigate and/or minimise their impacts, 
including: (i) actions on the Internal Control and Risk Management 
System, relating to the implementation and strengthening of existing 
controls; (ii) awareness-raising actions on the issues of the Code of 
Ethics and the 
 Policy ECG Zero Tolerance against violence and 
harassment in the workplace; and (iii) actions against employees, 
including disciplinary measures, according to the collective agreement 
and other applicable national laws.
WORKERS
WORKERS
OWN WORKFORCE
WORKERS IN THE VALUE CHAIN
AFFECTED COMMUNITIES
CLIENTS AND
CONSUMERS
Most
significant 
issues
Labour 
rights
Issues 
to be 
monitored
Human 
Rights 
related
Issues 
Land
rights
Security
related
issues
Indigenous
people
Human Rights
Defender
Responsible
marketing
practices
and data
protection
Communities'
health and
wellbeing
Adequate
standard
of living
Gender-Based Violance
and Harassament
Human Rights in
conflict-affected
context
Health and safety
at work
Non-discrimination, 
diversity and 
gender-equity
Violence and 
Harassament
Forced labour
Working
conditions
Secure
employment
Child
labour
Freedom of
Association and
Collective
Bargaining
Just Transition
Just Transition
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Disputes and non-judicial remedy 
mechanisms 
Eni also cooperates with other non-judicial remedies mechanisms, such 
as the one set and governed by the OECD Guidelines: the OECD National 
Contact Points in the various Countries. An integral part of the Due 
Diligence is the communication of the results obtained, also through the 
 Eni for voluntary sustainability report and the one dedicated to the 
issue of human rights 
 Eni for - Human Rights. The company also 
assesses the status of legal proceedings against the organization, its 
subsidiaries or members of top management for violations of national 
or international laws relating to these matters; Eni does not in any 
way hinder the use of judicial or non-judicial mechanisms as well as 
institutional ones.
In 2024, Eni did not receive any convictions that have become final for 
violations of laws, regulations or other human rights law, regulations 
or other legal institutions.
ENI’S OWN WORKFORCE 
POLICIES 134
Eni’s commitment to the enhancement of its people is included in the 
 Code of Ethics, which highlights how the skills of the people, at all 
levels, are fundamental for operational excellence. It reiterates the 
commitment to promote a culture based on the spread of knowledge, 
valuing everyone’s behaviour and contributions, believing in the power 
of sharing, exchanging ideas and talking to each other. The Code 
also recognises the role of diversity and the promotion of a culture of 
plurality, emphasising the commitment to creating an inclusive work 
environment that respects everyone’s dignity, taking into account the 
contribution of each one and recognising the strength of diversities. 
At the same time, Eni confirms its commitment to protecting the right 
(134) For further references, see  The regulatory system, and Eni’s  Reporting principles and criteria/Policies.
(135) For Eni’s actions on the subject of privacy, see the chapter  Risk factors and uncertainties.
to privacy135 of its people, processing personal data and confidential 
information in compliance with applicable laws and best practices. 
The  
 ECG Policy Respect for Human Rights in Eni recognises and 
promotes the development of employees’ skills and competences 
without discrimination, respecting the equality principle and fostering 
the appreciation of individuals’ professionalism in an environment 
of equality and non-discrimination. Training is recognized as a 
fundamental lever for the development of knowledge, as a strategic 
element for the achievement of business targets, as well as a way 
to provide employees with the means to acquire, maintain and 
develop their skills. The policy underlines the prohibition of any form 
of discrimination, distinction, exclusion or preference based on 
the identification elements of the person that are not linked to the 
requirements necessary for the performance at work, which have the 
effect of cancelling or compromising equal opportunities or treatment in 
employment or professional environment. The commitment to achieve 
male and female worker equal pay for equal value, based on objective 
criteria, is also reaffirmed. In addition, the policy specifies the adoption 
of measures and initiatives aimed at ensuring the “work-life balance” 
and organizational well-being, promoting support for parenthood, 
protecting maternity, and recognizing conditions not inferior to those 
provided for by international legislation on maternity and paternity to all 
employees in the Countries where Eni operates. Additional measures to 
facilitate parenthood are also promoted, guaranteeing the right to non-
discrimination of people with family responsibilities. Eni guarantees and 
promotes the right of workers and employers to set up trade unions 
at their own free choice, as well as the right to collective bargaining. 
In addition, the 
 Policy ECG Diversity & Inclusion recognizes the 
commitment to avoid incidents of discrimination in relation to: color, sex, 
religion, ethnic origin, political opinion, social origin or national ancestry, 
disability status, gender identity, sexual orientation, social status, age or 
any other form of diversity contemplated by international law. This policy 
WHISTLEBLOWING FILES ON HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
Units of 
measurement
2024
2023
Whistleblowing files (assertions) on human rights violations - closed during the year
number
32 (64)
46 (62)
of which: employees(a) 
11
n.a.
Founded assertions
10
8
Unsubstantiated allegations / not verifiable(b) / not applicable(c) assertions
54
54
Inherent incidents of discrimination
3(d)
6(d)
Whistleblowing files (assertions) on human rights violations with potential socio-economic impacts on local communities
0
0
Whistleblowing files (assertions) on human rights violations with potential impacts on health,  
safety and/or well-being of local communities
1 (2)(e)
1 (2)(e)
(a) Net of the 11 Whistleblowing Files referring to anonymous whistleblowing reports. The indicator is available from 2024.
(b) Assertions that do not contain circumstantial, precise and/or sufficiently detailed elements and/or, for which, on the basis of the investigative tools available, it is not possible to confirm or exclude the validity of the facts reported.
(c) Assertions in which the facts reported coincide with the subject of pre-litigation, litigation and ongoing investigations by public authorities. The assessment shall be carried out after the opinion of the Legal Affairs function or 
other relevant functions.
(d) The alleged episodes of discrimination have not shown any valid grounds.
(e) Both assertions relating to this whistleblowing file have not shown any valid grounds.
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supports the development of an international business based on equity, 
dignity, equal opportunities, spread of ethical values, enhancement of 
diversity, integration and non-discrimination, and promotes gender 
equality and women’s empowerment at work, in business practices 
and in relations with the communities of the Countries in which Eni 
operates. The commitment to ensure that its communication initiatives, 
including commercial ones, promote an inclusive vision of the 
Company itself and avoid the use of gender stereotypes is reaffirmed. 
In addition, the desire to guarantee a physically and socially fair working 
environment is made explicit, to make each person able to have equal 
access to company resources and opportunities based on the principle 
of equal opportunities and non-discrimination and to remove cultural, 
organizational and material obstacles that limit people’s freedom of 
expression and their full valorization. The  Policy ECG Zero Tolerance 
against violence and harassment in the workplace specifically prohibits, 
without exceptions, all forms of violence and harassment at work within 
the company. In addition, in the internal regulatory framework the 
management processes related to the workforce are defined.
TARGETS and COMMITMENTS
Eni’s targets and commitments related to Human Capital are defined 
on the basis of the evolution of the personell and in line with the 
medium/long term strategy of the Just Transition path, while also 
considering the trend of historical and forecast data of employment 
plans; if a target is achieved, it is reassessed and modified accordingly. 
These indicators are monitored quarterly through standard 
reporting shared with the managers of the different businesses and, 
consequently, any corrective actions are defined/implemented. The 
main employment data and related trends are also shared with the 
workers’ representatives at the European Works Council and the 
Global Framework Agreement, in order to present and comment on 
their developments. In addition, the evaluation and monitoring of the 
indicators underlying the targets is carried out on a quarterly basis 
to verify that the trends are in line with the development to plans, to 
report any critical issues and to set up any corrective actions, where 
necessary.
Target
Target 
year
2024 Performance
Base year and relative 
reference value 
Notes
(scope, methodology, evidence)
+4 p.p. of the female population
2030
+3.8 p.p. 
2020: 24.6%
Relative target
Scope: consolidated line-by-line
+3.8 p.p. female personnel in positions of responsibility  
(Senior managers and Middle managers)
2030
+3.4 p.p.
2020: 26.6%
Relative target
Scope: consolidated line-by-line
+6.5 p.p. population under 30
2030
+3.5 p.p.
2020: 6.7% 
Relative target
Scope: consolidated line-by-line
+2 p.p. presence of non-Italian employees in positions of responsibility
2030
-1.2 p.p(a)
2020: 18.6% 
Relative target
Scope: consolidated line-by-line
+15% training hours(b) 
2028
in slight decrease 
compared to 
2023 
2024: 1,027,822
Relative target
Scope: consolidated line-by-line
(a) The reduction in the 2024 performance was affected by M&A transactions of major companies such as, for example, Nigeria.
(b) The reduction in the target from 20% to 15% is affected by the efficiency recovery and cost containment initiatives launched in 2024.
MATERIAL IMPACTS, RISKS136  and 
OPPORTUNITIES (IROs) 
Eni considers human capital137 as the core of its strategy138, 
promoting the well-being of workers through welfare initiatives 
and supporting the development of employees’ skills aimed at 
professional growth. The expected evolution of business activities 
and the labour market, the new strategic directions and the 
challenges posed by technological changes involve an important 
commitment to increase the value of human capital over time 
through upskilling and reskilling initiatives, aimed at enriching or 
reorienting the skill set and attracting talent, taking advantage 
of the opportunity given by the new skills on the market in order 
to develop emerging technologies and businesses. At the same 
time, in order to monitor the potential negative impacts that the 
(136) Disclosure relating to risks on company’s workforce is reported in the  Health & Safety chapter.
(137) Represented by all direct employees operating in Italy and abroad. Direct employees do not include contractors who are instead considered as workers in the value chain.
(138) For further information on how the impacts related to own employees are connected and taken into account in the definition of the company’s strategy and business model, see 
the chapter  Stakeholder Engagement.
activity may produce on its workers, Eni places at the center of its 
actions the constant respect for human rights in labour matters 
(e.g. working hours, adequate wages, freedom of association 
and collective bargaining and safety in employment). The sector, 
in fact, often has complex working conditions, characterized 
by night shifts and prolonged working hours shifts, to ensure 
business continuity. In addition, particular attention is paid to 
the protection of non-discrimination, respect for equal treatment 
and opportunities (in hiring, training, professional career and 
career progression stages) and the prevention against violence 
and harassment of a physical, psychological or verbal nature, 
including gender-based violence. Exploration, development, 
and production are often carried out far from populated areas, 
often using rotational arrangements between periods of several 
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days or weeks. In addition, although workers in the sector are 
traditionally represented by trade unions and covered by collective 
bargaining agreements, some resources operate in Countries 
where these rights are limited and therefore are more exposed 
to the risks of intimidation or unfair treatment. In addition, the 
conditions, workplaces, skills and types of tasks performed 
within the activities of the sector could be the cause of potential 
conditions of discrimination, as well as be characterized by a 
prevalent presence of certain categories of workers (e.g. men). 
Cases of discrimination may relate to the ethnicity, gender, sexual 
orientation, disability, religion, nationality and status of workers. 
Finally, the decarbonization process will be accompanied by an 
industrial reorganisation that will consist of the transformation of 
some production sites, such as basic chemicals and traditional 
refining, with a possible impact on the workers in its workforce. 
For material risks, see the   Health and Safety chapter, except for 
the transversal risk of Cyber Security detailed in the    Business 
Conduct chapter.
EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT139
Industrial relations
A central role in building the relationship with workers and protecting 
their rights is represented by Eni’s industrial relations model, managed 
by a dedicated function. At the national level, Eni involves its workers 
both through the meetings provided for by the INSIEME Protocol, 
such as the Strategic Committee, which deals with issues such as the 
sale of business units, staff rationalization and generational turnover, 
reconversion of production sites and significant organizational 
reviews (every six months or when necessary), and through other 
tools such as the Bilateral Commission on Agile Work, which 
verifies the application of the agreement on Agile Work, analyses its 
impacts on the organization of work, manages local critical issues 
and periodically reports the results to the signatory parties. On an 
international level, Eni established its European Works Council140 
(EWC) in 1995, which focuses on issues relating to business plans/
investments/acquisitions or disposals, employment prospects, 
health and safety at work, environmental policies and sustainability. 
It includes representatives of Italian and European Eni’s workers, 
representatives of Italian trade unions, and a representative of the 
European trade union: the IndustriAll European Trade Union. Another 
European tool is the European Observatory for the Health, Safety and 
Environment of Workers, where data and analysis and management 
tools on the following topics are shared: injuries, accidents and 
occupational diseases, regulatory evolution, environmental and 
health aspects, monitoring of climate issues and energy efficiency. 
An annual meeting of the EWC and the European Observatory for 
(139) See the chapter  Stakeholder Engagement for further information.
(140) Workers’ representative entity provided for by European Directive 94/45/EC, which promotes transnational information and consultation of workers in Community-scale companies 
and groups.
the Health, Safety and Environment of Workers and at least three 
annual meetings of the EWC Select Committee with the competent 
functions of Eni are planned. Finally, the Global Framework 
Agreement on International Industrial Relations and Corporate Social 
Responsibility (GFA), which is international (non-European) and is set 
to be renewed in 2025, annually involves international and European 
Eni workers’ delegates, representatives of Italian trade unions and 
a representative of the global trade union IndustriALL Global Union. 
The Agreement represents a concrete commitment by Eni to steer 
sustainability guidelines, to define strategies based on the principles 
of integrity and transparency, to promote the fight against corruption, 
respect for human rights, labour, health and safety of people for the 
protection of the environment and sustainable development. For 
each meeting, detailed documentation is shared and the minutes, 
signed by both parties, are drafted to include what has been agreed 
upon and discussed. The engagement of workers with reference to 
issues related to sustainable transition is also achieved through the 
use of tools such as the INSIEME Protocol, which establishes the 
birth of a new model of industrial relations, to effectively accompany 
the transformation processes and to share a Generational Pact 
that allows the renewal and updating of professional skills and 
the construction, together with stakeholders, a clear regulatory 
framework, favourable to investment and able to combine economic-
financial sustainability with the environmental and social ones.
Other engagement initiatives 
Among the initiatives to engage and listen to Eni’s people, there 
are those, regarding Welfare, to collect relevant insights on the 
needs of Eni employees (starting from the under 35s), or the 
analysis of the corporate climate as well as targeted listening 
initiatives on certain matters (D&I). Considering the actions 
taken towards the most vulnerable and least represented 
people, Eni has launched the following actions: (i) periodic 
training dedicated to all people to develop greater awareness of 
the culture of inclusion; (ii) specific training aimed at acquiring 
the necessary skills to manage possible unconscious biases 
in the selection process and in management interviews; (iii) 
internal D&I communication and awareness initiatives at the 
headquarters and operational sites in Italy and abroad; (iv) 
listening initiatives to measure the impact and corporate 
sensitivity of D&I initiatives and to generate and design new 
initiatives with a particular focus in 2024 on disability and 
intergenerationally; (v) assessment of the D&I maturity at 
subsidiaries abroad through listening activities aimed at 
defining a plan of common and specific initiatives for individual 
realities; (vi) consolidation of a D&I community both within the 
company through the engagement and active participation of 
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Eni’s people and externally through partnerships and networking 
initiatives (e.g. Women X Impact) and membership in national 
and international associations focused on D&I issues (e.g. Parks 
and Valore D); (vii) promotion of a culture of inclusion through 
external communication actions, awareness-raising in schools 
(with the Eniscuola and Valore D projects), content on digital 
platforms (e.g. podcasts and webinars powered by Eni) and 
participation in external events. All initiatives are coordinated by 
a corporate function dedicated to D&I topics.
Evaluations and Feedbacks 
In its internal procedures, the company promotes and enhances 
the continuous and widespread use of feedback, which allows 
the expression of fundamental values of its culture. Punctual, 
objective, constructive feedback tracked through company systems 
contributes to the development and engagement of Eni’s people 
not only during institutional processes (performance evaluation), 
but also on an ongoing basis and whenever the need for mutual 
discussion and listening between manager and employee arises. 
The evaluation process is based on objectives that are consistent 
with Eni’s strategy, challenging and balanced in relation to the 
assigned role. With regards to the Executives and Senior Managers, 
business and behavioural objectives are set, while for the others 
there are qualitative/quantitative objectives consistent with the 
responsibilities held and behavioural objectives that can be adapted 
during the year on the basis of exchanges between manager and 
collaborator. 
Whistleblowing and remediation 
mechanisms 
The tools, regulated within the company regulatory system, that can 
be used in the event of an alleged violation of the  Code of Ethics 
and/or of the human rights141 and health and safety provisions for 
its workers are: the Grievance Mechanism and whistleblowings. For 
further details on these channels and for the remedy management 
approach and any actions taken in the year, please refer to the   
Human Rights for Eni chapter and, for whistleblower protection 
measures, to the   Business Conduct chapter. 
ACTIONS TAKEN ON MATERIAL IROs 
Eni’s business model is based on internal skills, an asset in which 
Eni continues to invest to ensure alignment with business needs, 
in line with its long-term strategy. The evolution of the business 
involves an important commitment to increase the value of human 
capital over time and with this in mind, Eni is committed to giving 
priority to workers’ programs, in line with the Just Transition 
path, with the aim of supporting their relocation in new or 
transformed activities. In 2024, initiatives aimed at disseminating 
and assimilating a new model of skills and behaviours aimed at 
(141)  For disclosure of the number of serious human rights incidents related to the company’s workforce, please refer to the   Human Rights for Eni chapter.
effectively managing the transition into processes and internal 
culture continued. Eni has also launched internal processes to 
revise professional models and update skills, both soft skills 
and hard skills, to encourage the growth of more complete and 
integrated professionalism. This includes training initiatives on 
topics such as circular economy, decarbonization and renewable 
energy, aimed at ensuring continuous upskilling. With regard to the 
management of its resources, Eni has launched a new resource 
management model that defines development paths, throughout 
the company lifecycle, diversified and consistent with the new 
business model in order to enhance the various professionalism 
and talents in an inclusive logic, promoting motivation, a sense of 
belonging and proactivity of people. With regard to the impacts 
on workers related to the industrial conversion process, Eni 
commits to: (i) continue the process of skills replacement in order 
to support Eni’s transformation in line with the decarbonization 
objectives and targets defined as part of the energy transition 
process; (ii) pursue the development of the satellite model, a 
recovery of organizational efficiency on the transversal functions 
in support for the business and the industrial reorganization of 
traditional business sectors, also through initiatives aimed at 
enhancing the internal skills available with appropriate training 
and internal mobility programs. Regarding opportunities, looking 
at the labor market, Eni is constantly committed to attracting the 
best professionals, with distinctive characteristics and oriented to 
the different needs of the business lines. The required professional 
skills change over time, in relation to the evolution of the company 
strategy and it is necessary to have full correspondence between 
these dynamics over time in order to ensure the constant updating 
of professional profiles with respect to the needs expressed 
by the different business areas. With a view on continuous 
engineering and upskilling of competences, the implementation 
of structured orientation programs is therefore guaranteed, to 
accompany new generations towards a more informed choices 
regarding their training/professional path. Talent Attraction plans 
are also in place, whether vertical and linked to specific sectors, 
for both expert and junior profiles, as well as initiatives aimed at 
preparing pools of people who can best represent the Strategy 
and the businesses in the various contexts of exposure of the 
Eni brand (Global Ambassador Programme). Finally, in terms of 
communication, Employer Branding actions implemented through 
recruiting campaigns on the main digital and traditional media 
channels remain central. With reference to the material impacts, 
in 2024 following ascertained cases of violence and harassment 
of a physical, psychological or verbal nature (detected through 
a whistleblowing channel), Eni intervened, with dismissal and 
suspension from work, both against the perpetrators of the 
harassment and against other employees whose behavior had 
contributed to compromising the work environment.
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Eni’s Human Rights Management Model 
– Eni’s People
Starting from 2020, a risk-based model was introduced for assessing 
the protection of human rights in the workplace aimed at segmenting 
Eni companies on the basis of quantitative and qualitative parameters 
that capture the specific characteristics and risks of the Country/
operating context and that relate to the human resources management 
process (including the fight against all forms of discrimination, gender 
equality, working conditions and freedom of association and collective 
bargaining). This approach identifies any areas of risk, or improvement, 
for which specific actions to be monitored over time should be 
defined. During 2024, the application of the model in the subsidiaries 
of the Energy Evolution Department carried out in 2023 was examined 
in depth and a follow-up was carried out in the upstream business 
companies interested by the application of the model in 2021. A set 
of standard mitigation actions deriving from the application of this 
risk-based model for assessing the protection of human rights in the 
workplace has also been disseminated to all Eni companies. 
Work-life balance and Welfare 
Eni has adopted a corporate welfare and benefits system that includes 
a set of services, initiatives and tools, aimed at improving the well-being 
of employees. Eni’s Smart Working (SW) model (agreement signed in 
October 2021) provides for all employees: in Italy, 8 days/month for office 
locations and 4 days/month for operational sites, as well as  numerous 
welfare options to support not only parenthood and disability but also 
the health of people or their cohabiting family members, further enriched 
with an option to manage cases of temporary, sudden and unplannable 
health problems of a cohabiting member of the family unit. The SW 
model has also been progressively adopted in other Countries, in line 
with local regulations. Furthermore, with reference to parenting issues, 
in all the Countries where it operates, Eni has continued to recognize as 
a minimum treatment in the absence of a more favorable applicable 
legislation: 10 working days paid at 100% to both parents, a minimum 
of 14 weeks of leave for the primary carer as per the ILO agreement and 
the payment of an indemnity equal to at least 2/3 of the salary received 
in the previous period. As far as welfare services are concerned, Eni 
offers a plan of initiatives that respond to needs concerning the family 
environment (from recreational and educational services for children, 
to assistance for non-self-sufficient family members), the promotion of 
health and psychophysical well-being (dedicated prevention initiatives, 
psychological help desk and availability of affiliated sports facilities) and 
income support interventions (subsidized loans, supplementary pension 
and supplementary health care). The year 2024 was characterized on 
one hand by the consolidation of the new service lines in the field of 
parenting activated following their definition in the NOI Protocol signed 
with the trade unions, and on the other hand by the launch of a study 
and analysis of the existing offer, including through benchmarks, to 
identify actions to redefine and improve the actual measures.
Diversity & Inclusion
Eni’s approach to Diversity & Inclusion (D&I) is based on the fundamental 
principles of non-discrimination, equal opportunities and inclusion 
of all forms of diversity, as well as integration and work-life balance. 
The  main areas of action are: (i) Women’s empowerment: actions 
to attract female talent, through the organisation and promotion of 
initiatives for students to orient themselves towards STEM subjects 
(Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics), with a focus 
on gender equality and the growing and effective testimony of 
internal Role Models and Ambassadors, for equal opportunities in the 
work environment of the energy sector. In 2024, Eni maintained its 
collaboration with Valore D and, in the procurement area, with Open-ES 
for the dissemination of D&I strategies in the supply chain with a focus 
on SMEs. In 2024, the design of an initiative called WIP (Women In 
Power) was completed, which will be fully implemented in the first half 
of 2025. This initiative concerns a specific training intervention aimed at 
promoting professional development. Eni has renewed its partnership 
with Woman X Impact, the annual summit dedicated to issues related 
to gender equality, female leadership and self-branding through female 
networking. Among other activities, in-person events were held at the 
headquarters in Rome and Milan in which the role of women in STEM 
fields, the female leadership styles and the importance of networking 
were discussed; (ii) Gender Equality and Parenthood: following Eni’s 
adoption of the Corporate Governance Code for companies in favour 
of maternity, the Inter-Functional Working Table was established in 
2024 aimed at introducing new measures for parenting, their effective 
communication to Eni’s people and formalising a Gender Equality 
Management System; (iii) Intercultural: workshops were organised 
at some Eni subsidiaries abroad to raise awareness on D&I issues, 
also through the storytelling of local people and the engagement 
of external testimonials; (iv) Intergenerationality: in addition to the 
listening initiative carried out in 2024, an event was promoted focused 
on retracing the values and work drivers that unite and distinguish the 
needs of people of different generations and how people of different 
ages relate to each other beyond their formal roles in the company; (v) 
Sexual orientation and gender identity: awareness-raising activities 
on the issue continued; in particular, an internal event was organized 
on the issues of Sports and Coming Out; (vi) Disability and fragility: 
in addition to the listening initiative on people with disabilities, work 
continued to define a strategy for the attraction, management 
and development of people with disabilities, and guidelines for the 
accessibility of buildings and digital accessibility. In addition, Eni has 
continued its collaboration with Auticon and started a collaboration 
with the Italian Dyslexia Association, testifying to Eni’s growing 
commitment to neurodivergence. In 2024, a communication plan was 
also implemented aimed at disseminating the 
  D&I Policy among 
employees also in operational contexts in Italy and abroad. The D&I 
Policy has also been adopted by Eni’s companies and subsidiaries  as 
required by Eni’s regulatory system.
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Training and development
Eni continues to consider training a fundamental lever in supporting 
the company in the process of change, in line with the strategies 
defined in the field of energy transition and digital transformation. 
Targeted training interventions that cover all aspects of technical-
professional, transversal, personal growth at 360 degrees, through 
appropriate upskilling and reskilling interventions and in the optimal 
mix of face-to-face and distance training, remain the key to building 
the skills of the future in the directions defined by the company’s 
objectives. The effectiveness of the training modules is measured 
through end-of-course questionnaires that employees complete to 
assess the achievement of the training objectives. Therefore, where 
applicable, at the end of the courses there are: in the specialized 
technical courses, an end-of-course learning test; in the compulsory 
courses in the field of safety, practical or theoretical tests for passing 
the course; in the language courses, final tests to certify the 
achievement of the expected level; in the behavioural courses, self-
assessment questionnaires on the skills acquired. With regard to the 
relevant expenses in 2024 in Eni’s workforce (excluding those relating 
to labour costs explained in the Financial Statements in  Note 30 
Costs - Purchases, services and other charges of the Consolidated 
financial statements), total training expenses amounted to €31.3 
million (of which €0.32 million for D&I activities) and are expected to 
amount to €139 million over the next four years of which €1.7 million 
for D&I initiatives. For other significant expenses relating to Eni’s 
workforce, see the  Health and Safety chapter. 
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE (a)
Units of 
measurement
2024
2023
Average training and development expenditure per full-time employee
(€)
 976.2
1,005.1
(a) The items in the table are included in Eni’s 2024 consolidated financial statements, in the item in 
 Note 30 “Costs - Purchases, services and other charges”. 
METRICS142
(142) For the methodology and scope of consolidation, see the chapter    Reporting principles and criteria.
EMPLOYMENT, DIVERSITY, TRAINING AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 
Units of 
measurement
2024
2023
Employees (head count)
(number)
31,669
32,321
Men 
22,695
23,472
Women
8,974
8,849
Employees by geographic area 
Italy 
21,688
21,336
Africa 
1,769
2,711
Americas 
1,328
1,930
Asia 
2,515
2,506
Australia and Oceania 
103
101
Rest of Europe 
4,266
3,737
Permanent employees
30,858
31,383
Women
8,763
8,595
Men
22,095
22,788
Fixed-term employees
811
938
Women 
211
254
Men
600
684
Atypical temporary employees (agency workers, contractors, etc.) 
1,433
2,793
Women 
526
684
Men
907
2,109
Employees with full-time contracts
31,248
31,945
Women
8,623
8,516
Men
22,625
23,429
Employees with part-time contracts 
421
376
Women 
351
333
Men
70
43
Local employees abroad
(%)
85
86
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Employment and Diversity & Inclusion
The decrease in overall employment is attributable to M&A 
transactions (disposals in the Enilive and Upstream areas 
partially offset by the acquisitions of the Aten Oil and Neptune 
groups) and to the balance of operating efficiency. Overall, 2,981 
hires were made in 2024 (+13.3% approx. vs. 2023) of which 2,616 
with permanent contracts (+34.2% approx. vs. 2023). About 53% 
of permanent hires involved employees up to 30 years of age. 
3,183 resolutions were made (902 in Italy and 2,281 abroad), of 
which 2,813 were employees with permanent contracts, with an 
incidence of female staff equal to approx. 36%. 71% of employees 
with permanent contracts who terminated their employment in 
2024 were under the age of 50. Eni’s transformation process, 
which requires a strong turnover of skills to support the energy 
transition, is also highlighted by the trend in the turnover rate, 
which in 2024 increased by 2.6 p.p. compared to 2023, the year in 
which the most significant value in the last 4 years was recorded. 
The average presence of local staff abroad is substantially 
constant and on average around 86% in the last three years. 
The average age of Eni’s people worldwide is 44.9 years (45.6 
in Italy and 43.4 abroad), substantially in line with 2023 (44.7) 
thanks to the significant turnover work and the recruitment 
program of innovative professionals and junior figures. The figure 
for non-employees varies according to the business needs and 
operational flexibility required, i.e. their transformation into stable 
contracts. Compared to 2023, the number of non-employees 
decreased mainly due to M&A transactions.
EMPLOYMENT, DIVERSITY, TRAINING AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 
Units of 
measurement
2024
2023
Non-Italian employees in positions of responsibility
17.4
19.1
New hires with permanent contracts
(number)
2,616
1,949
Terminations of permanent contracts
2,813
1,942
Rate of turnover
(%)
8.8
6.2
Non-employees 
(number)
1,433
2,793
Employees by age groups
Under 30
3,185
3,240
30-50
17,781
18,427
Over 50
10,703
10,654
Employees in positions of responsibility (Senior managers(a)) 
926
941
Women
(number) (%)
173 (18.68)
171 (18.17)
Men
753 (81.32)
770 (81.83)
Employees covered by performance assessment tools (senior managers, middle managers, young graduates) 
(%)
94
85
Employees covered by annual review (senior managers, middle managers, young graduates) 
98
95
Women
97
n.a.
Men
99
n.a.
Training hours
(hours)
1,027,822
1,154,495
Average training hours per employee
32.1
36.7
Women
27.1
27.5
Men
34.0
40.1
Employees who are entitled to parental leave 
(%)
100
100
Employees who have taken parental leave
3
3
Women
4
4
Men
3
3
Gender pay gap
6.8
3.4
Total remuneration ratio
(number)
157
180
Employees covered by collective bargaining
(%)
83.50
86.95
Italy(b)
100
100
Abroad
40.10
56.28
Employees in trade unions(b)
36.74
36.65
(a) Reference is made to all the company’s employees who, due to their competence and managerial skills, hold roles of high responsibility, autonomy and decision-making power such as promoting, directing and managing the 
achievement of the company’s objectives.
(b) Within the European Economic Area, only Italy is considered as it is identified as the only Country in which Eni operates that has at least 50 employees and represents at least 10% of the total number of workers. 
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Industrial relations
In Italy, 100% of employees are covered by collective bargaining 
according to current regulations. Abroad, in relation to the specific 
regulations operating in the individual Countries of presence, this 
percentage stands at 40.10%. In Countries where employees are 
not covered by collective bargaining, Eni ensures in any case full 
compliance with international and local legislation applicable to 
the employment relationship as well as some higher standards 
of protection guaranteed by Eni throughout the group through the 
application of its company policies worldwide.
Training  and Development
2024 values are comparable with the previous year, although 
recording a reduction also in line with a rationalization of training 
plans. In particular, there was a decrease of 11% in the total hours 
completed and 12.5% in the average training per employee. The 
average expenditure has also been contained by approximately 3%. 
Of more than 1 million hours of training in the year, 76% were taken 
by men and 24% by women, achieving a distribution consistent with 
that of the Eni population, with an increase in fruition by women 
from 20% in 2023 to 24% in 2024, as an effect of the commitment to 
supporting the presence and development of female professionals 
in the company. As far as performance evaluation is concerned, in 
2024 a complete coverage of senior managers is confirmed and 
the trend among middle managers and young graduates increased, 
reaching a total of 94% of the population of executives, middle 
managers and young graduates. This rise is due to the increasingly 
consolidated use of the new rolling objectives for the non-managerial 
population during the year. For the same group, also with regard to 
the annual review, there is an increasing trend with an overall level of 
98%. In terms of gender representation, the annual review process 
is substantially in line with the general trend and no significant 
differences emerge. 
Adequate remuneration and wages
With regards to ratio between the remuneration of the CEO/DG and 
the median of employees (total remuneration ratio), the indicator 
in 2024 is down compared to 2023 and is equal to 157 for total 
remuneration and 34 for fixed remuneration. The Gender Pay Gap, 
i.e. the pay gap between men and women globally, is +6.8%. The 
increase compared to 2023 depends on the acquisition/divestment 
of foreign companies and may be influenced by objective non-
discriminatory factors not considered by the indicator, such as: 
level of professional category and role held, seniority in the role, 
working hours and conditions (e.g. shifts and related allowances), 
individual performance, as well as the number and distribution of 
the female population in the different Countries and professional 
categories compared to the male population. Therefore, Eni carries 
out further analyses, all the objective factors mentioned above being 
(143) For further references, see   The regulatory system, and Eni’s   Reporting principles and criteria/Policies.
equal, in order to highlight any unjustified gaps and take appropriate 
corrective actions. In particular, in 2024 the analysis of the same level 
of role/seniority showed an average global pay gap of 2.1%. In order 
to guarantee decent wages, Eni applies, in each Country in which 
it operates, reference wage policies that are well above the legal/
contractual minimums, as well as the 1st decile of the local wage 
market, and annually verifies the salary positioning of its people, 
adopting any corrective actions.
The references that Eni uses for the comparison are the minimums 
established by law or by contract in each Country and the market 
minimums of medium-large local companies, which are well above 
the poverty thresholds established by Eurostat for the European 
Union and by the Wage Indicator for other Countries. More details on 
total remuneration ratio, pay gap and minimum wage indicators and 
Eni remuneration policies are reported in the   Report on the 2025 
Remuneration Policy and remuneration paid 2024. 
HEALTH & SAFETY
POLICIES143
Eni’s commitment to the health and safety of its workforce is included 
in the   Code of Ethics, where the importance of promoting people’s 
health and safety is underlined. Health and Safety are protected in 
compliance with the highest international standards, specific laws and 
regulations of the Countries, with a view on continuous improvement 
and empowerment of all company levels, to ensure a management 
based on the principles of precaution, prevention, protection and 
risk management. Suitable tools are provided for the prevention and 
protection of any negligent or malicious conduct, including by third 
parties, which could cause direct or indirect damage to Eni’s People 
and/or to the company’s tangible and intangible resources. A clear 
and transparent flow of information is ensured to Eni’s People, the 
entire community and partners regarding the necessary preventive 
and protective measures to be implemented in order to eliminate (and 
when this is not possible, mitigate) risks and criticalities. Stemming 
from processes and activities the 
 Policy ECG Respect for Human 
Rights in Eni confirms the commitment of the Code of Ethics to 
ensure a safe and healthy working environment for all workers and to 
respect relevant principles, also making the integration of the gender 
perspective into the operating models explicit, with the aim of reaching 
continuous improvement and empowerment of all company levels. 
The promotion of health and physical, mental and social well-being 
of its people is ensured through a management system that includes 
occupational medicine and industrial hygiene, medical assistance and 
management of medical emergencies and health promotion, while 
ensuring the adoption of a gender perspective, as well as particular 
attention to situations of greater fragility and activities to protect and 
promote the health of communities. Finally, the internal regulatory 
framework defines the commitment and operating methods to 
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ensure health surveillance and prevent work-related diseases, the 
clustering method based on health risk and related obligations, and 
the procedures for managing health emergencies. Safety issues are 
included in the internal HSE regulatory framework which, among 
other issues, addresses the commitments and operating methods 
to develop suitable prevention and protection measures to protect 
personnel, suppliers and owned assets, as well as their constant 
maintenance of efficiency. This legislation framework deepens the 
management system which includes, in addition to occupational 
safety and industrial hygiene, process safety with the aim of preventing 
risk of significant accident with the application of high management 
and technical standards, product safety, emergency management and 
the promotion of a safety culture.
TARGETS AND COMMITMENTS
In line with last year, the targets and commitments on health and safety 
issues are linked to the Policies guidelines, and refer specifically to 
activities to protect the psycho-physical health of workers with reference 
to the work environment and situations of fragility and the safety of 
people. These targets are shared with the departments responsible for 
achieving them, and the Safety target (with reference to a specific 
indicator defined by Eni considering the TRIR formula) is part of the 
variable incentive for the CEO and management. The targets and 
commitments are monitored on a semi-annual basis through the 
Health, Safety, and Environment review processes, as well as more 
frequently through the use of specific metrics to ensure appropriate 
interventions in cases of misalignment with expected trends.
Target
Target 
year
2024 
Performance
Base year and relative 
reference value
Notes  
(scope, methodology, evidence)
Maintenance of the Total Recordable Injury Rate (TRIR)(a)≤0.40
2025-28
0.48 
 0.43 (average last 3 years)
Relative target; Includes both own workers 
and VC contractors
85% employees with access to psychological support service
2028
74% 
2022: 68% 
Relative target
Scope: consolidated line-by-line 
% of total employees 
150 sensors tested, including Italian off-shore sites and abroad for  
digital monitoring of indoor healthy working environment
2028
99
2022: 0 
Relative target
Scope: consolidated line-by-line 
Applicable to operated sites
(a) For the methodological note, the target and how to achieve the latter, please refer to the section  Metrics: methodologies. This target continues to be defined on the basis of the boundary on which Eni reported before the entry 
into force of the ESRS standards, which led the company to redefine the operated boundary (see  Reporting boundary) in order to continue to direct safety actions even towards companies in which Eni is not actually the operator. 
MATERIAL IMPACTS, RISKS AND 
OPPORTUNITIES (IRO’s) 
Work-related injuries and accidents have the potential to have a 
major impact on individuals (Eni’s own workforce and value chain 
workers), assets, environment and surrounding communities. The 
presence of goods and assets aimed at producing oil, gas and 
energy, often in remote locations, makes it necessary to have an 
effective risk management to protect the safety of people and 
operations also in relation to potential accidents and failures 
of assets and infrastructure. The primary focus, in fact, is the 
identification and mitigation of potential risks/hazards that could 
have an impact on the workforce (its own workers and those in the 
value chain), the environment or communities. As far as process 
safety is concerned, reference is made to: major process accidents, 
such as fires or explosions, spills or releases of hazardous 
substances and asset integrity accidents with personal injury; 
accidents associated with activities not directly related to process, 
such as road and rail transport services, naval transport, refuelling 
stations, gas distribution networks, LPG networks; blow out 
following the occurrence of an uncontrolled flow of hydrocarbons 
inside the wells. For risk mitigation and management, a risk-
based safety management system has been set up to prevent 
major accidents. All events, including near misses and unsafe 
conditions/unsafe acts, are reported, analyzed and monitored with 
the necessary corrective and preventive actions. This system is 
continuously improved, taking into account the events that occur 
in Eni’s operations and in the industry. All companies at significant 
risk are covered by ISO 9001, 14001, 45001 and 50001 certification 
or have planned to achieve it. This confirms the fact that the 
safety of employees is an essential value for Eni and it is therefore 
essential to maintain safe working conditions for all individuals 
under maximum supervision, achieving 100% safe operations. The 
health and well-being of workers is also of inestimable value to 
the company, and is protected and promoted in order to safeguard 
its people and to ensure business continuity. With regards to 
health-related impacts, they concern occupational diseases of 
own workers and workers in the value chain, i.e. pathologies that 
may have a causal link with occupational risks, as they may have 
been contracted during working activities with prolonged exposure 
to risk agents present in the workplace. The risk can be caused 
by the work carried out, or by the environment in which the job 
itself takes place. The main occupational diseases can result from 
exposure to chemical, biological, physical agents or can be linked 
to ergonomic or psychosocial factors. One of the most closely 
monitored risk is the biological one, linked to the possible spread 
of epidemics and pandemics. To this end, Eni constantly analyzes 
and monitors local epidemiological contexts for better prevention 
and management of any emerging outbreaks and pandemics. 
The stakeholders potentially impacted by the listed pathologies 
and any health emergencies are both own workers and workers in 
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the value chain. In addition to the risks of blowout, accidental and 
biological ones, mentioned above, another material risk144 related 
to its workers concerns potential global security scenarios: the 
risk of adverse scenarios and/or potential threats in Eni’s areas of 
strategic interest in relation to actions or events of a malicious or 
negligent nature of a criminal or political nature, may lead to actual 
or potential damage to Eni’s people, and specifically to the groups 
of workers in these areas. 
ACTIONS TAKEN ON MATERIAL IROs 
Occupational and process safety
Eni constantly invests in the implementation of the actions necessary 
to ensure the people’s safety in the workplace, in particular in 
the development of models and tools for risk assessment and 
management and in the promotion of a culture of safety, in order 
to pursue its commitment to zero accidents and safeguarding the 
assets integrity. To prevent accidents, in addition to the continuous 
updating of management documents and operating instructions, 
during the year, both initiatives were introduced to strengthen the 
sensitivity and engagement of employees and contractors in the 
HSE field (Safety Golden Rules and Principles, Safety Leadership, 
technical and Behavioral Safety Coaching Program, promotion of 
the Stop Work Authority145), and activities aimed at improving work 
areas in terms of personnel safety, as well as the implementation 
of new digital technologies to support operational safety. This 
(144) For further information on the connection between risks and Eni’s strategy and business model, see the  
 Business Model chapter and for treatment actions, see the sections 
 Integrated Risk Management and 
 Risk Factors and uncertainties.
(145) With the Stop Work Authority, every worker, at any Eni site, has the authority to stop an activity when they detect dangerous behaviour or condition.
commitment focuses on technical and non-technical skills and 
digitization. Regarding non-technical skills, in 2024 the application of 
the methodology The Human Error Model for Eni (THEME) continued 
on five new sites, in order to identify strategies to strengthen human 
barriers. With regard to technical skills, the new campaign on the 
Eni Safety Golden Rules & Principles was launched, with particular 
emphasis on the Stop Work Authority and the Line of Fire, with the 
aim of promoting the fundamental principles and minimum safety 
requirements to be applied during risky activities. With regard to 
digitization, the Safety presense tool, i.e. the artificial intelligence 
tool capable of predicting recurring dangerous situations starting 
from weak signals recorded in safety databases, has generated 520 
alerts since its start, that have led to the implementation of targeted 
preventive actions. Finally, the evolution and promotion of the 
HSEni App continued. This app is used to report unsafe conditions, 
compile checklists, and consult Eni’s safety rules, with  the roll-out 
completed to about 11,000 users on over 200 sites worldwide. In 
the field of Process Safety, in order to minimise accidents and 
improve performance, Eni carried out various activities: the creation 
of a handbook relating to the Process Safety Fundamentals, the 
principles to be followed during plant activities; the training of 
over 2,000 technical/operational and HSEQ area resources on 
Process Safety at Eni; an in-depth study of issues related to safety 
in the management of fluids for new energy supply chains, revising 
process safety standards to include specific design requirements for 
hydrogen, CO2 and other substances from new supply chains.
EXPENDITURES(a) 
Units of 
measurement
2024
2023
Total safety expenditures
(M€)
344
281
of which: equipment, facilities, and fire management
94
71
of which: maintenance of equipment and facilities
72
67
of which: safety of plants, buildings, and vehicles
73
63
(a) The items in the table are included in Eni’s 2024 consolidated financial statements, in the item in  
 Note 14 “Intangible assets” and in  Note 30 “Costs - Purchases, services and other charges”. The total safety expenditures 
include further types of expenses not listed in the table.
EXPENDITURES(a) 
Units of 
measurement
2024
2023
Safety expenditures for industrial hygiene activities
(M€)
8
7
(a) The items in the table are included in Eni’s 2024 consolidated financial statements, in the item in  
 Note 14 “Intangible assets” and in  Note 30 “Costs - Purchases, services and other charges”. 
In the field of safety of people and assets, Eni has allocated 
resources of €1.5 bln for the next four years, in particular for 
fire plants, equipment and management (€0.4 bln), safety of 
plants and vehicles (€0.3 bl), maintenance of safety systems and 
equipment (€0.3 bln), controls, supervision, inspections and tests 
(€0.2 bln).
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ASSET INTEGRITY
Eni applies the Asset Integrity process to all the development and 
management activities of its plants in order to ensure the best 
integrity of design and construction, as well as the utmost rigor 
in their operation up to decommissioning, managing risks related 
to the safety of people, the protection of the environment and the 
reputation of the company (for the assessment of risks associated 
with acute and chronic natural events, see 
 Climate Change). In 
2024, it incorporated the most advanced scientific and technical 
tools on the market into its work processes and revised the internal 
regulatory framework so that the risks due to climate change are 
managed both in historical and forecasting terms, ensuring that 
working hypotheses, tools and technical solutions are always in line 
with Eni’s values and objectives.
Health
Eni has developed a health management system integrated into all 
operating entities, and it includes occupational medicine, industrial 
hygiene, traveller’s medicine, medical assistance and emergency, 
and health promotion, with coverage for the entire Eni population, 
in addition to activities to protect and promote the health of 
communities (see  Local communities). The health management 
strategy is oriented, in addition to the maintenance and continuous 
improvement of health-related services, to: (i) enhance access to 
assistance for all Eni’s people to emergency facilities (especially 
for infectious diseases) and services and initiatives to support 
situations of fragility, mental health and aimed at inclusion; (ii) to 
spread the culture of health through health welfare initiatives and 
services in favour of workers and their families; (iii) implement 
occupational health activities also with the contribution of scientific 
research, in view of the risks associated with new projects and 
industrial processes and considering industrial hygiene activities; 
(iv) promote the digitalisation of processes and telemedicine. The 
application of the health management system, intended as a set of 
actions aimed at continuous improvement, guarantees a constant 
commitment to mitigating impacts, and its implementation is 
periodically monitored also through audit activities. The health 
management system makes use of both internal resources, health 
professionals and management staff, and a network of specialized 
external providers. In 2024, initiatives to promote health and well-
being were strengthened, with a focus on risk management in the 
workplace and on raising awareness through new digital tools.  At 
the same time, collaboration continued with research centres and 
universities to assess the impacts of new production processes, 
with a focus on biorefineries and agribusiness, in particular with 
the involvement of the Health Committee of the Eni Enrico Mattei 
Foundation. The main actions include occupational health and 
industrial hygiene activities, such as: (i) medical, and occupational 
hygiene activities aimed at assessing, identifying and controlling 
risk factors that may have impacts on workers’ well-being; (ii) 
testing of new technologies for monitoring the healthiness of 
indoor work environments (99 sensors tested at onshore operating 
sites in Italy); (iii) preparedness and response activities to health 
emergencies. Further initiatives concern medical assistance for 
Eni workers and their families, in line with the results of the needs 
analysis and epidemiological, operational and legislative contexts 
such as: (i) services and benefits for the prevention, diagnosis, 
treatment and management of acute and chronic diseases, 
for workers and, where applicable, family members; (ii) online 
psychological support service for employees in Italy and abroad, 
(74% coverage); (iii) Psychological First Aid (PFA) service available 
to all employees in Italy and abroad in cases of catastrophic and 
unexpected events; (iv) specific services concerning gender-based 
assistance, such as, in Italy, a helpline dedicated to victims of 
harassment and gender-based violence; (v) a package of free 24-
hour health care services for Eni’s people and their families in Italy 
(telemedicine, home medical services, bookings and anamnestic 
interviews). Furthermore, activities for the promotion of health are 
also developed for employees and, where applicable, their family 
members. These activities are: (i) raising awareness in relation 
to endemic diseases, such as tuberculosis and malaria, sexually 
transmitted and non transmissible diseases, such as diabetes 
and hypertension worldwide; (ii) extension in many Italian cities of 
the free biennial check-up service for cancer and cardiovascular 
prevention, which involved 44% of Eni’s population. 
As for future resources, investments in health activities planned for 
the four-year period 2024-2027 amount to approximately ~€267 
million.
EXPENDITURES(a)
Units of 
measurement
2024
2023
Total health expenditures
(M€) 
47.9
58.3
of which: for medical assistance and emergency management activities
22.6
29.8
of which: for occupational medicine activities
14.9
15.9
of which: for community health activities 
7.5
10.5
of which: for health promotion activities
1.4
1.1
of which: for training and management activities
1.5
1.0
(a) The items in the table are included in Eni’s 2024 consolidated financial statements, in the item in 
 Note 14 “Intangible assets” and in  Note 30 “Costs - Purchases, services and other charges”. 
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Health and Saftey in the value chain
The unit dedicated to the HSE management of contractors, the 
Safety Competence Center (SCC), aims to improve the safety of 
contract work and the provision of specialized training and training 
services, as well as HSE operational support to the business. In 
2024, it continued to proactively oversee and support the process 
of 
improving 
companies, 
promoting 
management 
models 
characterized by an increasingly preventive culture of safety and 
environmental protection, monitoring over 3,000 suppliers in Italy 
and abroad, promptly managing situations found below the standard 
and enhancing the innovative good practices identified, ensuring 
that they are shared among contractors. In 2024, the Safety and 
Environmental Pacts (voluntary agreements with companies) were 
active in 92 sites in Italy and 20 abroad and will be extended in 2025, 
with the support of SCC, to additional companies abroad related to 
Versalis, Enilive and for some companies/JVs in the GGP&Power 
sector. In addition, in 2024 a program dedicated to training and raising 
awareness of the refinery sector supply chain was implemented, 
involving strategic suppliers with the aim of promoting key messages 
on health and safety at work. The program focused on the active 
involvement of management, the strengthening and monitoring of 
skills, the application of the principle of the “Stop Work Authority” 
and the adoption of all the necessary measures to ensure safety. In 
addition, for the management of health risks along the value chain 
of the agro-industrial chain, Eni has launched internal programs and 
external collaborations with international bodies, including the ILO, 
in particular, in Ivory Coast and Kenya where evaluations have been 
carried out for the improvement of practices in the field of health and 
(146) For the methodology and scope of consolidation, see the chapter   Reporting principles and criteria.
(147) The company provides full cooperation for every need of the Judicial Authority and, regardless of any merit profile of the matter, is collecting all compensation claims with respect 
to any material and non-material damage that has occurred, for the purpose of their liquidation.
safety at work and social protection. The activity involved, in addition 
to Eni, farm owners, agricultural workers and their representatives. 
For activities and measures to protect the safety and health of 
workers in the supply chain, see the  Health & Safety section.
METRICS146 
Safety
Eni’s internal HSE regulatory system establishes the obligation to 
adopt an HSE management system for all companies that have 
employees; for those companies with more than 250 employees 
or that carry out industrial activities, in addition to the development 
of the system, certification according to ISO 45001 and ISO 14001 
standards is required. With reference to Eni’s health management 
system, all employees and contractors are covered by it, also in 
light of precise internal application procedures in line with the 
regulations in force in the Countries in which it operates. In 2024, 
the Total Recordable Injury frequency Rate (TRIR) increased 
compared to 2023 for both contractors and employees since, the 
decrease in worked hours recorded in the period was not matched 
by a reduction in the number of total recordable injuries, which 
rose to 67 for contractors (54 in 2023) and remained stable at 39 
for employees. In particular, 5 fatal accidents to contractors were 
recorded in Italy in relation to the accident that occurred on 9th 
December, 2024, at the Eni depot in Calenzano: investigations by 
the Judicial Authority into the dynamics and causes of the event 
are ongoing147. The fatality index of contractors rose to 4.96, while 
that of employees remained zero.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY METRICS(a)
Units of Measurement
Employees
Contractors
2024
2023
2024
2023
Percentage of workers covered by a health and safety management system based on 
legal requirements and/or already recognised standards or guidelines(b) 
(%)
100
100
100
100
Number of fatalities as a result of work-related injury 
(number)
0
0
5
1
Number of total recordable injuries 
39
39
67
54
Total recordable injury frequency Rate (TRIR) index
(total recordable injuries/worked hours) x 1,000,000
0.69
0.66
0.66
0.52
Number of lost days due to work-related injuries
1,009
563
1,639
1,138
Fatality index 
(fatal injuries/worked hours) x 100,000,000
0.00
0.00
4.96
0.95
Worked hours 
(million hours)
56.8
59.2
100.8
104.8
(a) With regard to occupational safety metrics, Eni also continues to monitor safety-related indicators according to the scope of consolidation that it used until 2023, before the entry into force of the ESRS standards, in line with the 
target defined within its strategy, whose 2024 performance, referring to the Frequency Index of Total Recordable Accidents (TRIR) of the workforce is equal to 0.48. Considering this area of consolidation, the TRIR for employees 
equals to 0.51 (considering to 48 accidents, 1,148 days lost and 94.4 million worked hours) and for contractors to 0.47 (considering to 91 accidents, 1,813 days lost and 194.2 million worked hours). Compared to the operated 
boundary, there was a further fatal accident for contractors.
(b) Among the main guidelines is the ISO 45001 standard.
WORKFORCE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY METRICS
Units of Measurement
2024
2023
Workforce Total Recordable Injury Rate (TRIR) index 
(total recordable injuries/worked hours) x 1,000,000
0.67
0.57
Near miss
number
563
566
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Health
As far as occupational diseases are concerned, in 2024 there were 
34 claims, of which 8 concerned personnel currently employed 
and 26 related to former employees (none submitted by heirs). 
In 2024, the number of healthcare services supported by Eni 
amounts to over 232,000, of which 63% in favour of employees, 
17% in favour of family members, 18% in favour of contractors 
and 2% in favour of other people (e.g. visitors). The number of 
participations in health promotion initiatives in 2024 is over 
140,000, of which 77% by employees, 21% by contractors and 2% 
by family members.
HEALTH METRICS
Units of Measurement
Employees
Contractors 
2024
2023
2024
2023
Number of occupational diseases claims submitted by heirs
(number)
0
2
0
0
Number of cases of occupational diseases claims
8
17
0
0
Process safety 
In 2024, there was a further decrease in the sum of Tier 1 and Tier 
2148 process safety incidents, which has been steadily decreasing 
since 2018. In particular, 5 Tier 1 Process Safety Events (PSE) 
and 10 Tier 2 were recorded. More than half of the PSEs (54%) 
resulted in a product spill, 33% in a gas release, and 13% in a fire/
explosion. 
PROCESS SAFETY
Units of Measurement
2024
2023
Process safety events Tier 1
(number)
5
10
Process safety events Tier 2
10
9
148
WORKERS IN ENI’S VALUE CHAIN
POLICIES149
Eni’s commitment to respect and engage workers in the value chain 
is introduced in the  Code of Ethics, which sets out the expectation 
that its counterparties should adopt socially responsible behaviour 
and develop appropriate ethical programmes and controls, 
being consistent with the principles and behaviours presented 
in the Code. Eni reserves the right to take appropriate measures 
against those parties not meeting expectations and not acting 
in accordance with the principles of the Code. Eni 
 Policy ECG 
Respect for Human Rights in Eni highlights the commitment to 
ensure a work environment free from any form of discrimination 
or abuse, establishing employment relationships inspired by 
fairness, equality, non-discrimination, attention to and respect for 
the dignity of the person, the commitment not to violate Human 
Rights and to remedy any critical issues that may arise from the 
activities in which it is involved. In addition, the policy underlines 
the commitment to guarantee and promote the right of workers 
and employers to form trade unions, at their own free choice, 
as well as the right to collective bargaining, committing itself to 
(148) Process safety incidents are classified, according to severity, into Tier 1 (most serious), Tier 2, Tier 3 (least severe).
(149) For further references, see  The regulatory system, and  Reporting principles and criteria/policies.
ensuring a safe and healthy working environment following the 
highest international standards on health and safety, the specific 
laws and regulations of the Countries in which it operates. A 
commitment to promote  the dignity of workers along the entire 
value chain is stated, as well as the rejection of any form of forced 
or compulsory labor, any practice of labor exploitation including, 
for example, trafficking in human beings, the limitation of the 
freedom of movement, the seizure of identity documents and 
child labor. The adoption of processes to prevent any violations 
of Human Rights and the evaluation of its suppliers through a 
risk-based model is clearly stated, requiring the implementation 
of corrective actions and their implementation monitoring. In 
addition, it’s included the commitment to involve its third parties in 
the prevention or mitigation of adverse impacts on human rights 
that their activities, products or services could cause or contribute 
to causing or to which they are directly linked. Eni’s suppliers are 
subject to a contractual obligation to comply with the principles 
stated in the applicable national and international regulations 
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and instruments, in the guidelines and best practices that aim 
to prevent violations of Human Rights, including the UNGPs, 
the OECD Guidelines and the ILO Declaration on Fundamental 
Principles and Rights at Work, as well as the Code of Ethics and  
Supplier Code of Conduct150. This code, inspired by the principles 
expressed in the Code of Ethics, in the  Anti-Corruption MSG and 
in the 
 Policy ECG Respect for Human Rights in Eni, describes 
requirements and expectations all suppliers are required to 
comply, with a view to continuous improvement of their activities 
and performance. The Supplier Code of Conduct represents a 
pact that guides and characterizes relations with suppliers based 
on the principles of social responsibility. Its adoption commits 
the supplier to operate with integrity, safeguarding its people and 
promoting the adoption of these principles also in its supply chain. 
The document contains provisions relating to health and safety, 
child labour, and irregular labour, trafficking in human beings, 
forms of modern slavery, fair working conditions, trade union 
freedoms. As mentioned in the chapter 
 Human rights for Eni, 
the company is committed to make reporting tools available to 
its stakeholders, including its suppliers and their employees, as 
expressed in the Supplier Code of Conduct, and expects suppliers 
to make available to the workers and communities with whom 
they interact in the interest of Eni, their remedy mechanisms, being 
available also anonymously, or to refer to Eni channels if they do 
not have their own channels. Finally, Eni’s    Position on Conflict 
Minerals reiterates that the company pursues the objective of 
reducing the risks of human rights violations, including indirect 
ones, in relation to the extraction, production and supply of certain 
minerals in conflict areas of Central Africa subject to the influence 
of illegal armed groups.
TARGETS AND COMMITMENTS 
Eni’s targets relating to respect for the human rights of workers in the 
value chain are part of the broader objectives of ESG assessment of 
suppliers and their engagement in achieving a fair and sustainable 
transition, detailed in section  Business Conduct, while for safety 
and health issues, please refer to the  Health & Safety section.
MATERIAL IMPACTS, RISKS AND 
OPPORTUNITIES (IROs) 
Although Eni’s activities contribute to increase the employment 
rate throughout its value chain, they may also be associated with 
negative impacts affecting stakeholders such as contractors, 
suppliers’ workers and business partners. In fact, the complexity of 
the group’s activities causes the involvement151 of a large number 
(150) The Supplier Code of Conduct is aligned with the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work.
(151) For further information on how impacts related to workers in the value chain are taken into account in the definition of the company’s strategy and business model, see chapter 
 Stakeholder engagement.
(152) Including, for example, those involved in logistics, distribution, and sales activities.
(153) The geographical areas most at risk, identified with the specialist data provider (Maplecroft) are: Angola, China, Congo, Ghana, Indonesia, Iraq, Kenya, Libya, Nigeria, Pakistan, 
Turkmenistan, Venezuela, Vietnam (source Maplecroft Q4-2024). 
of suppliers and business partners of various nature and size, who 
operate in Countries characterized by different socio-economic 
and cultural contexts and in activities and sectors that can be 
identified as at greater risk of human rights violations. In addition, 
the presence of joint ventures or other business relationships in 
certain Countries and contexts increases the likelihood of potential 
impacts in terms of forced labor and modern slavery. Similarly, 
impacts in terms of sexual harassment in the workplace are 
more likely to occur in sectors where there is a significant male 
presence and in remote locations. In addition, the outsourcing 
of production-related activities can generate negative impacts in 
terms of employment guarantees, wage adequacy, non-application 
of collective agreements, obstacles to freedom of association and 
union membership. The adoption of structured due diligence in the 
management of relationships with suppliers is essential to prevent 
and mitigate any negative impacts (  Actions taken on material 
IROs). There are no generalized or systemic negative impacts 
related to Eni’s procurement activities or commercial relationships, 
therefore, such impacts – if they occur – may be related to 
individual specific events. With regard to the positive impacts 
related to relations with suppliers, see the 
 Business Conduct 
chapter. No material risks or opportunities have been identified 
(see 
 Materiality) at group level deriving from the impacts and 
dependencies on workers in the value chain, net of the transversal 
risk of Cyber Security explored in the  Business Conduct chapter. 
Types of workers in the value chain
In light of the composition of the value chain, the workers most 
closely monitored by Eni exposed to potential impacts are 
mainly: (i) those who work for Eni’s suppliers; these workers are 
also involved in specific training and activities of awareness, in 
particular for workers at Eni’s operating sites in relation to HSE 
issues; Eni also verifies compliance with human rights on these 
companies with a risk-based approach, analysing and classifying 
suppliers according to a level of potential risk based on the Country 
context and the activities carried out; (ii) those who work for the 
Eni’s business partners152, also in JVs, who are also screened on 
aspects related to respect for human rights and other issues such 
as anti-corruption and transparency (see the  Business Conduct 
chapter). In certain high-risk geographical contexts, there are 
workers who may be considered more vulnerable, such as migrant 
workers, those working in remote areas or belonging to minority 
groups, and that therefore, are exposed at potential risk of forced 
labour, modern slavery or child labour153. In addition, according 
to the risk-based model adopted, both industrial activities (such 
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as maintenance, construction, assembly, logistics), and general 
services (such as cleaning, catering and security) have been 
classified as activities with a high risk of human rights violations. 
On the basis of the potential impacts, monitoring and mitigation 
measures are defined to allow proper management of the risk of 
human rights violations (see  Actions). 
ENGAGEMENT OF THE WORKERS  
IN THE VALUE CHAIN N  
Workers engagement activities in the value chain take place 
primarily with the supplier, as a legal entity, at every stage of 
interaction with the counterparty, since the business qualification 
phase and throughout the sourcing and contract execution 
phases. These activities, coordinated by the central procurement 
function, with the support of the business procurement units 
and the requesting units, can be summarised in: (i) workshops 
and training on human rights and other social issues; (ii) 
safety-related workshops (see 
 Health & Safety); (iii) training 
activities on sustainability and energy transition issues (see 
 
Business Conduct); (iv) training activities on anti-corruption 
issues (see 
 Business Conduct); (v) training activities on the 
responsible management of the supply chain. The effectiveness 
of engagement activities is assessed on the basis of periodic 
assessments of suppliers’ positioning with respect to the 
issues touched on through audits and verifications and with 
the consequent monitoring of the implementation of the action 
plans shared considering the gaps detected. With regard to the 
companies considered to be most exposed to potential negative 
impacts under the risk-based model (see  
 Actions taken on 
material IROs), on-site audits, that include interviews, are carried 
out with the workforce on aspects related to human rights and the 
conduct of the company. 
Whistleblowing mechanisms for workers in 
the value chain and remediation processes 
The model for monitoring potential impacts in the procurement 
process allows to detect these aspects from the qualification 
process to the contracts award and during their execution, 
providing for improvement or remediation actions in the event of 
actual impacts. The process of assessing the potential impacts on 
Human Rights and identifying appropriate remedial measures is 
consistent for all categories of stakeholders and is further detailed 
in the  Human Rights for Eni chapter, which also describes the 
Grievance Mechanism and whistleblowing, which can be used in 
the event of an alleged violation154 of the  Code of Ethics, human 
(154) For any cases of human rights violations, incidents and allocated resources, see the  Human Rights chapter.
rights and safety and health arrangements. Eni prohibits and is 
committed to prevent any retaliation against workers and other 
stakeholders who have reported critical human rights concerns, 
nor does it tolerate or facilitate threats, intimidation, retaliation 
and attacks (physical or legal) against human rights defenders 
and other stakeholders (see  Business Conduct). Eni also expects 
its suppliers to make available to workers and communities their 
own whistleblowing and remediation mechanisms, which can 
also be accessed anonymously.
ACTIONS TAKEN ON MATERIAL IROs 
Eni’s commitment to involve the entire production system in a 
sustainable path is translated into tangible solutions and in a 
strategy characterized by market openness, by a collaborative 
approach and by interest in people and innovation. The focus on 
people means that the attention, particularly regarding respect 
for human rights, is not only concentrated on direct contractual 
relationships, but also extends to the workforce of sub-contractors 
and potential suppliers. This approach is reflected in a procurement 
process that provides: (i) the adoption by the Procurement function 
of transparent, impartial, consistent and non-discriminatory 
conduct in the selection of suppliers, in the evaluation of bids and 
in the verification of the activities outlined in the contract, (ii) the 
assessment of the respect for human rights of suppliers through the 
application of a dedicated model. This model is applied throughout 
all phases of the procurement process, from qualification to 
contract execution, and provides for different controls and actions 
performed by all the units involved in the business relationship with 
the third party (central procurement function, procurement units 
and contract management units). 
The model allows suppliers to be subject to a continuous monitoring 
process, in order to periodically evaluate the effectiveness of the 
actions adopted and update the assessments relating to each 
supplier. The model adopts a risk-based approach that allows 
suppliers to be analyzed and classified according to a level of 
potential risk of generating negative impacts based on: (i) the Country 
risk of the supplier that assesses the probability of occurrence 
of human rights violations, on the basis of information from data 
providers (Maplecroft) and (ii) the risk of the activities carried out by 
the supplier, assessed considering vulnerabilities related to specific 
conditions, such as the use of labor, the level of training and skills 
required by workers to perform their tasks, the use of manpower 
agencies as well as the health, safety and environment risks. On the 
basis of the risk mapped, the model provides for controls inspired by 
international standards such as the SA8000 (the higher the risk of 
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negative impact of the supplier, the more detailed the assessment 
and the actions implemented) and the adoption of specific prevention 
and mitigation measures, as well as monitoring plans aimed at 
accompanying the supplier in the adoption and development of a 
culture of respect for human rights. As part of human rights due 
diligence, (non-material) management expenses related to the 
functions and personnel involved are provided every year, as well as 
costs for on-site audits carried out by third parties. In order to acquire 
or maintain supplier status, all companies are required to sign the 
Supplier Code of Conduct and, at contract award, specific clauses are 
adopted to guarantee respect for human rights,155 providing, in some 
cases, a clause to carry out checks by Eni at the supplier’s premises. 
Due diligence checks are also conducted on the involvement of 
the supplier in cases of human rights violations, regardless of 
the level of risk associated, through the use of open sources and 
periodic qualification checks, based on performance indicators, 
documentary analysis or dedicated field audits and questionnaires, 
depending on the level of risk, in order to minimize the probability 
of violations. During the tender phase, minimum requirements on 
human rights are requested and assessed, in particular in the case 
of activities with a potential significant risk of negative impacts. 
During the execution of the contract, Eni assesses and monitors 
contractors and subcontractors through feedback and document 
verifications with the aim of preventing impacts related to forms of 
modern slavery or forced labour, child labour, wage discrimination, 
contribution irregularities and other aspects related to the potential 
negative impacts that may be generated on workers. In the event 
of critical issues, improvement plans are defined with a focus on 
respect for human rights with the request for the implementation 
of specific actions and, in the event that the minimum requirements 
of acceptability are not met, participation in tenders is inhibited; in 
the most serious cases of non-compliance, the relationship with the 
supplier is interrupted, and it is excluded from Eni’s vendors list. Eni, 
with a view to continuous improvement, aims to further strengthen 
its due diligence along all levels of the supply chain, consolidating 
tools and methodologies to make the model increasingly accessible 
and replicable by the suppliers with whom it collaborates. The 
aim is to promote an even more incisive empowerment of direct 
trading partners, encouraging them to systematically carry out due 
diligence on their third parties and to actively monitor human rights 
throughout the supply chain. At the same time, Eni is committed 
to strengthening internal audits of subcontractors and all the 
entities with which it has business relationships, with particular 
attention to critical or high-risk contexts, adopting an even more 
(155) Eni has prepared a series of standard clauses on respect for human rights to be included, on the basis of a risk-based approach, in the main Eni contract types and provides 
business support for their negotiation. These clauses, which can be supplemented and adapted to the specific case, are classified according to the type of counterparty and contractual 
case: (i) light (mainly referring to preliminary agreements and with public counterparties); (ii) medium (referring to commodity contracts, consultancy contracts and active supply 
contracts); (iii) processed (referring to passive supply contracts or complex transactions such as M&A).
rigorous approach. This path aims to improve the ability to identify, 
prevent and mitigate risks, strengthening transparency and shared 
responsibility along the supply chain in the short and medium term. 
Based on the model described above, more than 1,000 human 
rights audits were carried out in 2024, both on documents and 
on contractors and subcontractor’s sites, more than double the 
number of audits performed in 2023. Suppliers that have shown 
deficiencies have been limited from participating in Eni tenders and 
a corrective action plan has been agreed with them to ensure respect 
for human rights. In particular, during an audit on a supplier, a case 
of discrimination at work was found in the pre-employment phase, 
resulting in the supplier’s limited ability to partecipate in procurement 
procedures, while sharing a remediation plan whose implementation 
will be verified by Eni through on-site audits. These assessments 
set out a path of improvement for suppliers showing gaps in this 
area, encouraging constructive discussion and greater awareness of 
the areas of intervention. In addition, through reporting through the 
whistleblowing channel and following the ascertainment of certain 
impacts on the working conditions of workers in the value chain 
(overload in working hours), Eni took procedural and contractual 
actions to avoid the relapse of non-compliant events. 
Further initiatives and measures undertaken
Eni organises workshops, trainings and awareness-raising moments 
where suppliers could discuss ESG issues with experts, including 
those about the respect for human rights in the supply chain. Eni 
also promotes knowledge of human rights safeguards through 
employee training programs and workshops for professionals with 
a role in the management of suppliers of foreign companies; in this 
context, in 2024 the course “IPIECA: Online Labour Rights training” 
was made available to colleagues that deal with procurement 
in foreign companies and to the employees of their suppliers. In 
addition, during 2024, as part of the Open-es initiative, together with 
the involvement of suppliers in workshops dedicated to training and 
raising awareness on the respect of human rights, an area dedicated 
to measuring aspects relating to respect for human rights was made 
available to Eni’s suppliers and all companies in the community. 
Through an assessment, companies receive feedback on their 
positioning and some useful ideas and suggestions on the actions to 
be taken to improve. All actions taken are part of the broader support 
to suppliers in fulfilling the various ESG requirements, providing tools 
to support a sustainable development path and more generally the 
competitiveness of their business (for actions and related metrics, 
see the chapter, see    Business Conduct).
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The commitment to the health and safety of 
workers in the value chain
Eni requires its suppliers to identify and assess the risks relating to the 
health and safety of its workers, providing appropriate prevention and 
protection tools against behaviors that could harm people, assets and 
the environment, periodically updating working methodologies and 
using the best available technologies, for continuous improvement. 
The full commitment of top management is required in managing 
the health and safety of people, including workers’ training on this 
subject and raising awareness about adopting safe working practices 
and behaviors. Specifically, when activities are carried out at Eni 
sites, suppliers are required to ensure cooperation with Eni and other 
suppliers, for example, in the proactive application of good operational 
practices, reporting of dangerous conditions/actions, investigation 
and sharing of lessons learned from all accidental events. For 
activities, metrics and measures to protect the safety and health of 
workers in the supply chain, see the  Health & Safety section.
The monitoring model for other business 
partners
Eni’s general approach with partners is to ensure that the principles 
included in its Code of Ethics are integrated into the legal framework 
of the joint venture through the adoption of its own Code of Ethics. In 
cases where its influence is limited, Eni has adopted formal rules to 
ensure that the Code of the joint venture is fully aligned with Eni’s. In 
addition to these contractual measures, there are training initiatives 
dedicated to business partners to ensure the continuous dissemination 
of the principles of the Code of Ethics. Moreover, contractual clauses 
on compliance with the Code of Ethics are also included in agreements 
with joint venture partners, including national oil companies. To integrate 
human rights into the preliminary stages of business, Eni has introduced 
a contractual clause, as an integral part of the so-called Sustainability 
Golden Rules, to be negotiated and applied to joint venture agreements 
and oil contracts with state authorities and government bodies; this 
clause requires partners to fulfil their obligations in compliance with 
key international human rights standards and in accordance with the 
UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. In the event 
of disagreement, Eni commits with its partners to identify potential 
areas for discussion and agree on the final text. These Golden Rules 
also provide for negotiating: (i) the inclusion of a commitment to 
respect and promote human rights, in particular towards human 
resources, procurement, HSE, security, local communities and for 
access to remedies, leveraging this inclusion to obtain a mutual 
obligation from the host Country; (ii) the commitment to promote the 
organization of training and awareness campaigns on human rights 
with the participation of local staff, suppliers and local communities. 
In addition, human rights have been integrated into the due diligence 
(156) For further references, see the   The Regulatory system and Eni’s  Reporting principles and criteria/Policies.
(157) For further information on the Policies in relation to the Due Diligence model and the related remedy measures, see  Human rights for Eni.
checks preceding M&A transactions, investment transactions and the 
negotiation of agreements with joint venture partners. In the event that 
warnings emerge from business partners regarding human rights, Eni 
takes appropriate measures towards the partner. Before setting up a 
joint venture agreement, an M&A transaction or a sale or purchase of 
exploration titles, an analysis is conducted on the potential partner to 
verify, through open-source controls, the existence of critical human 
rights issues related to these counterparties. 100% of oil & gas business 
partners were checked according to this procedure. In addition, an 
annual assessment of compliance with the human rights clause in the 
Joint Operating Agreements and oil contracts is carried out, in order 
to identify cases of full, partial or non-implementation and to possibly 
highlight areas of improvement.
LOCAL COMMUNITIES 
POLICIES156
Eni’s commitment to local communities is included in the 
 Code of 
Ethics, in which it is reaffirmed the support, including through strategic 
alliances with internationally recognized partners, as well as the 
adoption of security measures aimed at protecting people and assets in 
compliance with human rights. The  ECG Policy Respect for Human 
Rights in Eni deepens respect for the rights of individuals and local 
communities, with particular reference to biodiversity, environmental 
protection, safeguarding so-called “culturally sensitive” areas, the right to 
ownership and use of land and natural resources, the right to water and 
the highest achievable level of physical and mental health. No form of 
Land Grabbing is tolerated and particular attention is paid to the rights of 
Vulnerable Groups with a focus on minors, national or ethnic, religious and 
linguistic minorities, people with disabilities, migrant workers and their 
families. Respect for the rights of women and girls in the communities 
is reaffirmed, ensuring their effective engagement during all activities, 
and for indigenous peoples with particular reference to their cultures, 
lifestyles, institutions, ties with the land of origin and development 
models, in line with international standards. The policy also explores, 
the ways in which communities can be involved through preventive, free 
and informed consultations, with particular attention to the presence of 
Vulnerable Groups. The commitment to avoid communities relocations 
is also underlined. In case the relocation cannot be avoided, there will 
be consultations in order to define joint agreements, guaranteeing local 
communities a fair compensation and the improvement of their living 
conditions, also providing for special complaint mechanisms157. The 
Policy also includes a specific commitment to respect human rights in 
the context of security activities, aimed at protecting people and assets 
from any threat from third parties that could cause direct or indirect 
damage. These activities are conducted through the implementation 
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of a security risk management system in compliance with the highest 
international standards, such as the Voluntary Principles on Security and 
Human Rights, and taking into account the needs of the Countries in 
which it operates. Within the internal regulatory framework, the model 
for supporting local development is defined and regulated, divided 
into various sub-processes: understanding the context, integrating 
sustainability and health into the business, knowledge of needs, of 
expectations and development of initiatives, monitoring, evaluation 
and reporting. In addition, the commitment and operating methods for 
health impact assessments and community health projects are defined.
TARGETS AND COMMITMENTS158
The targets and commitments for local communities are connected 
to the principles outline in the Policies and, they are defined, with a 
(158) The targets, except for those relating to access to electricity, economic development and protection of the environment and biodiversity, were updated during the year both due to 
expansion of geographical areas and/or to make the targets more challenging.
bottom-up approach by aggregating individual initiatives based on 
specific indicators for each sector of intervention, in line with the 
SDGs. Monitoring takes place internally on a quarterly basis, tracking 
progress in the Stakeholder Management System platform and the 
results are published in Eni’s sustainability reporting, also at local 
level. Performance evaluations are carried out both at mid-term and 
at the end of the cycle to identify best practices and lessons learned, 
involving the main stakeholders also through information sessions in 
which the results are disseminated. The targets below are divided by 
Eni’s priority areas of intervention.  Specifically, for the main sectors 
of intervention (education, energy, economic diversification, water 
and life on land), targets were defined with the direct engagement of 
stakeholders, whereas for activities related to the objective concerning 
health services, the local health authorities were involved. 
Target 
Target 
year
2024 performance(a) 
Base year and 
reference value 
Notes
(scope, methodology, 
evidence)
19.5M People supported in access tosustainable energy through the 
distribution of improved cooking systems (clean cooking)
2030
About 1,2M  
People supported 
2023
275K People supported 
Applicable to all Business Lines 
315,000 New students supported in access to education (primary, secondary 
and tertiary)
2030
100K People supported
2023
40K People supported
Applicable to all Business Lines
85,600 People who have access to sustainable energy (electricity)
2030
7K People supported 
2023
51K People supported
Applicable to all Business Lines
21,000 Farmers and entrepreneurs supported in access to economic 
development
2030
4,8K People supported 
2023
15K People supported
Applicable to all Business Lines
790,000 People supported in access to drinking water (including awareness 
campaigns)
2030
113K People supported 
2023
62K People supported
Applicable to all Business Lines
2.3M People supported in access to health services
2030
820K People supported 
2023
330K People supported
Applicable to all Business Lines
85,000 people involved in environmental and biodiversity protection activities
2030
6,1K People supported 
2023
17K People supported
Applicable to all Business Lines
(a) 2024 performances are in line with or above the targets set for 2024. 
MATERIAL IMPACTS, RISKS  
AND OPPORTUNITIES (IROs) 
Sustainability is embedded in all Eni’s business activities, from the early 
stages of  the project and throughout its life cycle,  to decommissioning 
activities. This supports the commitment to the Just Transition by 
anticipating the needs of communities, also by reviewing operational 
practices. The relevant communities are identified before starting 
business activities where Eni is the operator (but also in some 
joint ventures in which Eni has a significant role in managing local 
stakeholders). These communities can also be identified outside the area 
of influence, i.e. the scope of analysis of the impact studies conducted 
in the preliminary stages of the business. This identification considers 
the agreements with the host Country and the priorities outline in the 
National Development Plans. Hydrocarbon exploration and production 
activities by their nature can potentially generate negative impacts on 
communities in terms of  human rights; Eni is therefore committed to 
monitoring these potential impacts through a structured due diligence 
approach, as well as prevention, mitigation and management programs 
and measures (see  Human rights for Eni). These potential impacts 
can include the impairment of the right to land (or water) due to the need 
of land for business activities (exploration, extraction, infrastructures for 
the transport and distribution of products), sometimes leading to the 
need of temporarily or permanently relocating communities, as well as 
limit access to certain natural resources or livelihoods. In certain cases, 
these impacts could affect vulnerable communities or individuals such 
as indigenous peoples, women, children or the elderly. In the event of 
physical and/or economic displacement, Eni is committed to minize the 
socio-economic impacts on their lives, limiting as much as possible the 
loss of assets that would compromise sources of income or livelihoods. 
Other potential impacts on the health of communities may be linked to a 
potential greater difficulty in accessing health services during the plant’s 
construction, given the increase in the number of people in the area, 
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or the potential greater spread of infectious diseases, such as malaria, 
or sexually transmissible diseases. In addition, the prevalence of male 
workers in the sector can imply the risk of gender-based violence and 
harassment, particularly for those projects that involve a large influx of 
workers belonging to different communities. Finally, in fragile or conflict-
affected contexts, some security forces measures can potentially 
lead to human rights violations, such as discrimination, harassment, 
violations of freedom, or violence against local communities, individuals 
or Human Rights Defenders. With regards to the material risks159 related 
to the communities these are: (i) process safety and asset integrity, 
linked to the occurrence of major accidents; (ii) blowout, relating to the 
occurrence of an uncontrolled flow of hydrocarbons from inside the 
well, with potential consequences for neighboring communities; (iii) 
potential negative perception of Eni by stakeholders in the area which 
may have negative effects on business operations. The continuous 
comparison and engagement with local stakeholders and the 
collaboration with civil society organizations and institutions makes it 
possible to properly monitor risks and, seize the opportunity to access 
new business activities in synergy with the territory: in fact, the Alliances 
for development are one of the five levers of the  Business Model. Eni 
aims to reduce energy poverty in these Countries in which it operates 
through the by development of infrastructures related to traditional 
business but also through new forms of energy. The company is 
committed to generate value in the long-term by transferring its know-
how and skills to local partners (following the so-called “Dual Flag” 
approach). This is achieved through the activation of local supply chains 
to increase the level of competitiveness of companies, involving local 
labor and the transfer of skills and knowledge as well as development 
programs for the economy’s growth and diversification of the economy. 
Starting from the analysis of the local socio-economic context, also 
based on the global Multidimensional Poverty Index160, Eni adopts tools 
and methodologies to identify potential impacts, negative and positive, 
direct and indirect, also in relation to human rights, from the early 
stages of the project, with a view to preventing and mitigating them in 
new business activities and promoting development. To this end, Eni, in 
addition to the mandatory requirements for environmental authorization 
in the Countries where it operates, develops Environmental Social and 
Health Impact Assessments (ESHIA) and Health Impact Assessments 
(HIA). These assessments ensure compliance with recognized 
international standards161, and guarantee stakeholders engagement to 
protect their interests, identify critical issues, assess potential impacts 
and implement any mitigation measures. In 2024, Eni, with the aim 
of assessing the potential impacts on the communities involved, 
concluded 11 studies, 5 of which were integrated into the ESHIAs in 
Oman, Mozambique, the United Arab Emirates, Cyprus and Vietnam 
and 6 specific health studies, including a health impact assessment for 
the Livorno Biorefinery. The communities which are potentially subject 
(159) For further information on treatment actions and interaction with the strategy, see  Integrated Risk Management. 
(160) The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index, developed in 2010 by UNDP’s Human Development Report Office, is an international measure of acute poverty, covering more than 100 
developing Countries and integrating traditional measures of monetary poverty with three other key dimensions: health, education and living standards.
(161) Such as UNGPs, OECD Guidelines, IFC Performance Standard and the methodologies defined by IPIECA.
(162) For further information on stakeholder expectations and engagement, see the  Stakeholder Engagement chapter. 
to material impacts are both those located in Eni’s business areas and 
those indicated by the governments of individual Countries, for example 
those in offshore development areas (such as fishermen located in 
area 1 in Mexico).Vulnerable groups such as children, women, national 
and ethnic minorities, migrant workers and indigenous peoples are 
monitored with particular attention, and indigenous people are subject 
to specific investigations through inclusive consultations. In addition, 
the commitment to prevent possible negative impacts on human rights 
deriving from industrial projects, is realized through the application of a 
risk-based model; this model uses contextual elements, such as the risk 
indices of the data provider Verisk Maplecroft, and the project design 
characteristics in order to classify business activities according to the 
potential risk on human rights and identify appropriate management 
measures. In-depth studies, “Human Rights Impact Assessment” (HRIA) 
or “Human Rights Risk Analysis” (HRRA), are carried out for the highest 
risk projects, in order to identify and assess the potential impacts 
also through the engagement of rightsholders, as well as to define 
recommendations to be translated into prevention and management 
measures within Action Plans. With reference to local development 
initiatives, Eni applies the Human Rights Based Approach (HRBA) 
methodology, which recognises and aims to empower all beneficiaries 
as rightholders simultaneously strengthening the capacity of States 
and other duty holders to respect, protect and apply human rights. In 
this context, Eni has also introduced an approach aimed at integrating 
the gender perspective (gender-mainstreaming) into the various phases 
of local development projects, with specific actions and tools to ensure 
the identification of potential impacts, as well as maximising positive 
impacts and preventing negative ones, also through specific training for 
local sustainability teams. 
Finally, in some Countries, such as for example Australia, Kenya, 
Mozambique and Alaska, Eni operates in areas where there are 
indigenous peoples or  tribal  groups for which it has adopted specific 
policies or procedures to protect their rights, culture (cultural heritage is 
studied to identify connections with Eni’s activities) and traditions and 
to promote their prior, free and informed consultation. With reference 
to the positive impacts in terms of local development projects, Eni 
has defined an approach that is divided into 5 phases: (i) knowledge 
of the socio-economic, health, environmental and cultural context of 
the Country; (ii) engagement of stakeholders, through analysis of their 
requests (and/or any grievances), understanding of local needs162 
and expectations and strengthening mutual trust; (iii) analysis and 
mitigation of the potential impacts of activities on the environment, 
health and people, including human rights to identify critical issues, 
opportunities and risks; (iv) definition and implementation of Local 
Development Programmes consistent with the National Development 
Plans, the 2030 Agenda and the analysis of local needs; (v) evaluation 
and measurement of local development generated through the use 
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of tools and methodologies, such as the Eni Local Content Evaluation 
(ELCE)163 and the Logical Framework Approach (LFA).164 In this context, 
the numerous collaborations with national and international institutions, 
cooperation agencies and local stakeholders, foster an approach that 
helps to identify the key interventions to determine the needs of the 
communities, and contribute to their development; among, the main 
collaborations launched and consolidated in 2024 are those with the 
United Nations bodies (UNIDO, UNESCO, IOM, ILO), national cooperation 
agencies (AICS and USAID), civil society bodies (ADPP, AVSI, Food Bank, 
Doctors with Africa CUAMM, AISPO, Elsewedi Electric Foundation, IRC, 
NCBA CLUSA, Oikos Institute and VIS), and the private sector (CNH 
Industrial and Iveco Group, Giannina Gaslini Institute and San Donato 
Group). With regard to local development projects, Eni has developed a 
systemic approach to define priority areas of intervention, based on local 
needs, also thanks to alliances with development cooperation actors; 
These sectors are: (i) community health: vocational training activities, 
infrastructural interventions (health facilities), awareness-raising and 
health promotion actions in local communities and activities in support 
of local health authorities; (ii) education: renovation or construction 
of school buildings, distribution of materials, awareness campaigns 
on school participation, vocational training programs; (iii) access to 
water: construction of wells, treatment systems, upgrading of water 
and distribution networks, supply of sanitation facilities, educational 
programs, activities to support access to education for students in 
primary, secondary, university and post-university schools and teacher 
training; (iv) economic diversification: micro-entrepreneurship and 
professional integration projects, entrepreneurial and vocational training 
programs, mentoring and consulting for small businesses and startups; 
(v) protection of the territory: support and awareness-raising activities 
in waste management, replanting of trees, conservation of biodiversity, 
awareness campaigns; (vi) access to energy: development of micro-grids 
in rural areas, supply and installation of electrical components or solar 
panels, construction of transmission lines and connection to the national 
grid; support in access to improved cooking systems of good quality and 
certified, and awareness-raising activities on energy efficiency.
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
While operating in different socio-economic contexts, it is essential 
to understand the expectations of stakeholders and share choices to 
build relationships based on mutual trust, to detect actual, potential 
or perceived impacts, and to identify the most effective ways of 
engagement. Understanding the context, including the cultural 
one, makes it possible to develop and promote adequate access 
channels and to adopt the most relevant methods of dialogue, 
information and management of any conflicts. The engagement 
of local communities165 occurs through preliminary, free and 
(163) Eni’s model, validated by the Polytechnic University of Milan, which makes it possible to quantify the impact of its activities on the Country of presence, measuring the impacts 
generated, in terms of benefits brought to the economy, society and local communities, for the entire life of a project.
(164) Methodological approach used to plan, manage, monitor and evaluate initiatives or programs/projects, define the objectives and actions to be undertaken. The main component of 
the LFA called the “Logframe Matrix” describes the logic of the operation, divided into objectives, results and actions, taking into account risks and external conditions that could penalize 
the execution and outcomes of the planned interventions. 
(165) For further information, see also the chapter on   Stakeholder engagement and the   ECG Policy Respect for Human Rights in Eni.
informed consultations, for which the responsibility is assigned to 
the Managing Director at local level with the support of the central 
Sustainability unit. In some contexts, specific figures are identified to 
develop a constant relationship, also through periodic consultations 
in the different phases of business activities. 
Eni and its subsidiaries therefore carry out specific consultations 
with local communities, including indigenous peoples and vulnerable 
groups; in particular, in the event of economic or physical relocation 
of communities, dedicated meetings are held in order to inform 
the communities in a transparent and comprehensive manner, 
with particular attention to the most vulnerable people. For each 
new business development initiative, engagement occurs through 
public hearings open to local communities (unless in contrast 
with the Country’s regulations) and local representatives and in 
any case ensuring the active participation of authorities (including 
indigenous people)  and local representatives to provide accurate 
information on business developments and to include any feedback 
throughout the project cycle. These consultations take place through 
information sessions, focus groups, sharing of information and 
reports throughout the project cycle, with periodic communications 
on the progress of business projects and awareness campaigns 
on health issues. Eni also identifies, where pertinent, the women’s 
associations active in the territories in which it operates, in order 
to involve them in consultations or propose collaborations.The 
process of assessing potential human rights impacts and identifying 
appropriate remedy measures is consistent across all categories 
of stakeholders and is extensive, together with other human rights 
reports and complaints (see  Human Rights for Eni). Among the 
various channels, Eni has defined and applies guiding principles for 
“Grievance Mechanisms” management whose responsibility, at the 
operational level, is placed on all the subsidiaries and the districts 
who analyse and agree on the solution with the claimants (individuals 
or communities). Any request or complaint received is managed 
and monitored until closure through agreements with the parties 
involved, providing a response even if they are not related to Eni’s 
activities. Grievances can be transmitted through online channels, 
including dedicated email addresses and institutional websites of 
local companies, or physically at the administrative/operational 
headquarters or through collection boxes located in areas where the 
project is held. Eni prohibits and undertakes to prevent any retaliation 
against workers and other stakeholders who have reported critical 
issues, and, as indicated in the 
 ECG Policy Respect for Human 
Rights in Eni, does not tolerate or encourage threats, intimidation, 
retaliation and attacks (physical or legal) against human rights 
defenders and other stakeholders in relation to its activities. Finally, 
Eni is committed to collaborating with human rights defenders in 
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order to create opportunities for engagement and discussion. All 
grievances received, are analyzed and managed by subsidiaries and 
are tracked in the Stakeholder Management System application, 
which is the management tool for mapping the relationship with 
stakeholders and are classified by topic and relevance, verifying the 
percentage of those resolved. In addition, both the timeliness in the 
management and the analysis of the trend of the issues are tracked, 
in order to assess any repetitions and the evolution towards possible 
disputes, and any critical issues of the relevant stakeholders in 
order to adapt the engagement strategy. The confidentiality of the 
content of the grievance is safeguarded in a manner that protects 
the whistleblower and the identity of the persons reported, without 
any prejudice. In order to ensure the effectiveness and robustness of 
that mechanism, the arrangements for access by complainants shall 
be assessed, in each context, including the linguistic implications 
and whether assistance is needed in filing the grievance, the 
arrangements for publicity of the mechanism and adequate 
information on its functioning. In addition, once the motion for a 
resolution has been approved, Eni communicates and discusses it 
with the applicant, requesting observations or alternative solutions, 
always ensuring that they are tracked and archived. 
In the event of dissatisfaction, Eni examines the reasons and, where 
necessary, activates the examination and response process, also with 
the involvement of third parties. In the relevant Countries, Eni carries 
out special reviews on the state of grievances every three months, 
monitoring specific indicators; in order to increase confidence in the 
mechanism, the following are evaluated: whether and how to make 
the results of these indicators accessible to communities; the best 
forms of communication; the growth of awareness and assistance 
in compilation through periodic discussion with communities. 
ACTIONS AND METRICS166 
All processes and tools for identifying impacts, positive or negative, 
include preventive and mitigation programs and actions or to remedy 
them in the event that they become effective. For each Environmental 
and Social Impact Assessment (ESHIA), an Environmental and Social 
Management Plan is drawn up, which integrates elements related to 
respect for human rights, describing the actions to mitigate these 
impacts during the life cycle of the project and sharing it with the 
authorities to monitor its progress. As regards the assessment of 
health impacts, it is either integrated into the ESHIAs or is carried 
out separately through HIA/VIA. In the event that potential health 
impacts deriving from operational activities are identified, this 
finding is disclosed to the identified stakeholders, in accordance with 
the applicable local legislation. A Mitigation and Monitoring Plan is 
therefore drawn up, to ensure that the significant impacts identified 
(166) For the methodology and scope of consolidation, see the chapter Eni’s  Reporting principles and Criteria.
(167) The activities discussed in this chapter are those managed directly by Eni, in the assets operated. Therefore, resettlement operations carried out for business projects in which Eni 
holds a stake but which are managed by a third-party operator, such as the activities carried out in 2024 in Kazakhstan and in the Rovuma LNG project in Mozambique, are not dealt with.
(168) A multi-stakeholder initiative that brings together the main energy companies in the protection and promotion of human rights.
are adequately managed and the progress of activities is periodically 
monitored. At the end of the projects’ implementation, compliance 
with the documents, including environmental and social issues, 
is verified and any deviations lead to the definition of corrective 
actions. In 2024, the implementation of the Action Plans (available 
on  Eni website) relating to the HRIA/HRRA carried out in previous 
years continued and their monitoring was ensured. The development 
of projects related to the use of natural resources may require the 
acquisition and/or use of areas from local communities. For all 
individuals who have activities or reside in Eni’s areas of activity, 
the adoption of fair, transparent and sustainable compensation 
methods is guaranteed (by applying the IFC PS5 international 
standard on involuntary resettlement) even when the standard of the 
Country of presence does not allow compensation that can restore 
the impacted communities (Project Affected People, PAP) in an 
appropriate manner. 
In this context, the main actions in 2024 were carried out in: (i) 
Mozambique, in 2023, for the construction of a future bio-oil 
production plant, based on the Country’s legislation, those PAPs 
being potentially impacted by the relocation of their agricultural 
activities have already been compensated, and the definition of 
an additional compensation scheme for PAPs in line with IFC 
international standards is under development; (ii) Congo, where 
preliminary studies were launched for the minimization of impacts 
on communities in the context of the development of infrastructure 
of a new LNG project167. It is also specified that each action plan has 
a monitoring plan followed by an intermediate and a final evaluation 
to measure the effectiveness of the actions. 
Security activities
Eni manages its security operations in compliance with the 
international principles which are also included in the Voluntary 
Principles on Security and Human Rights promoted by the Voluntary 
Principles Initiative168 (VPI), and expects its Business Partners to 
manage these activities, in collaboration with and/or in the interest 
of Eni, in full respect of the human rights and fundamental freedoms 
of individuals. Eni has been a “full member” of the VPI initiative 
since 2022 and in 2024, it has conducted a series of actions aimed 
at confirming its commitment and increasing the level of awareness 
in the management of potential impacts on the communities in 
which it operates, such as, for example, the application of the 
Conflict Analysis Tool (a tool developed by VPI to analyze the 
causes of conflicts in a given area/Country) in Mozambique, 
through interviews at local level and developing an action plan for 
mitigation actions. Since 2009, Eni has been promoting a training 
programmes for public and private security personnel in those 
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Countries where it operates in order to disseminate the corporate 
best practices in line with international principles. In 2024, the 
“Security & Human Rights” Workshop was held in Mozambique, in 
Maputo, with the participation of senior Mozambican civilian and 
military officials, as well as representatives of international 
organizations and companies, and in Pemba, with specific training 
sessions, including practical ones, involving both public security 
operators and private security operators working at Eni sites. The 
main objective was to promote human rights in security activities, 
sharing the fundamental principles on the use of force and weapons 
and preventing violence, with a focus on the protection of women. 
Particular attention was given to respect for human dignity and 
diversity, which are essential for the protection of company assets 
in collaboration with local authorities. Overall, the workshop 
involved over 200 participants, including 153 from public and 
private security forces. In addition, during 2024, a project for the 
implementation of training workshops on human rights for local 
security forces was finalized, by the subsidiary’s Security Managers, 
in order to increase the number of security forces trained, this took 
place in addition to the traditional annual training course. The 
project kick-off was carried out in 10 Countries having the highest 
level of risk of human rights violations, as defined by Eni’s risk-
based model 2023: Congo, Tunisia, Mexico, Ivory Coast, Kenya, 
Iraq, Nigeria, Libya, Algeria, Egypt; 716 people were involved, 
including Public and Private Security Forces. The number of 
Countries with armed guards protecting the sites is 9.
HUMAN RIGHTS SECURITY
Units of 
measurement
2024
2023
Security personnel trained on human rights 
(number)
869
170
Security personnel (professional area) trained on human rights 
(%)
92
90
Security contracts containing clauses on human rights(a) 
97
100
(a) The percentage change 2024 vs. 2023 refers to 3 contracts being updated to ensure the inclusion of specific clauses.
Local Development Projects of the year 
and community engagement
Among the main projects carried out in 2024, there are initiatives 
aimed at promoting: (i) access to energy in Côte d’Ivoire, Mozambique, 
Congo and Angola through the distribution of improved cooking 
systems and in Tunisia through the installation of photovoltaic panels; 
(ii) economic diversification through support to sustainable agriculture 
and/or fishing practices in Mexico, Egypt, Italy and Mozambique, and 
local handicrafts in Côte d’Ivoire; (iii) access to primary and secondary 
education in Mexico, Ghana, Mozambique and Iraq, and vocational 
and tertiary training in Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt and Libya; (iv) access to 
water through the construction and maintenance of water supply 
systems in Egypt, Congo and Mozambique and the construction 
of water treatment plants in Iraq; (v) the protection of the territory 
through environmental awareness and planting activities in Italy, 
Indonesia, Ghana and Mozambique. As part of its health development 
projects, in 2024, initiatives were carried out by Eni in 13 Countries, 
such as Angola, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt and Mozambique, through the 
strengthening of the skills of health personnel, the construction and 
rehabilitation of health facilities and their equipment, information, 
education and awareness of the populations involved on health 
issues. In addition, Eni has carried out redevelopment of the health 
system in Italy, with the aim of contributing to the strengthening and 
resilience of local structures in Gela, Milan and Pavia. For the next four 
years, Eni has allocated investments of over €362 million for local 
development. Finally, during 2024, 61 grievances were received and 43 
were resolved (of which 34 were received during 2024), which mainly 
concerned: community relations management (the most recurrent 
category), management of environmental aspects, land management 
and supplier management.
LOCAL DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENTS AND GRIEVANCES(a)
Units of measurement
2024
2023
Local development investments by sector of intervention
(M€)
88.8
95.0
Access to energy
0.7
3.5
Economic diversification
46.0
35.2
Education and vocational training
25.4
26.1
Access to water and sanitation
0.9
2.2
Life on land
3.9
6.9
Health
7.1
10.7
Compensation and Resettlement(b)
4.8
10.4
Number of grievances
(number)
61
140
(a) The items in the table are included in Eni’s 2024 consolidated financial statements, in the item  Note 14 “Intangible assets” and in  Note 30 “Costs - Purchases, services and other charges”. 
(b) The figure includes expenses for resettlement activities, which in 2024 amounted to €4.8 mln mainly related to non-operated assets (€4.6 mln in Mozambique for the Rovuma LNG project, €0.2 mln in Kazakhstan for the Berezkova 
project) and €0.01 mln in Ghana. 
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CLIENTS AND CONSUMERS 
This chapter focuses on the B2C customers of Plenitude - Benefit 
Corporation (Società benefit), and in particular on the more than 10 
million retail customers to whom Eni offers energy, energy efficiency 
solutions and sustainable mobility. This company has integrated 
renewable electricity generation, energy sales and energy solutions 
for households and businesses into its business model, as well 
as an extensive network of proprietary charging points for electric 
vehicles. The emphasis of this chapter is on these customers due to 
the long-lasting contractual relationship they have, unlike Eni’s other 
business lines.
POLICIES169
Eni’s commitment to the transparent management of relations with 
customers and consumers is included in the  Code of Ethics, which 
recalls best practices and the principle of professional loyalty for its 
commercial policies and strategic choices.
The Code also reiterates that business relations are focused on 
the needs of the customer, always putting him in a position to be 
able to choose freely and consciously. In the  ECG Policy Respect 
of Human Rights in Eni, the following process are described: the 
integration of the Human Rights issue in all business lines and in 
external relations with Third Parties (Human Rights Due Diligence 
Model); complaint mechanisms and other reporting channels; 
training initiatives for the function responsible for the processes 
impacted by the Salient Human Rights Issue; as well as awareness-
raising initiatives dedicated to Third Parties. The ECG Privacy 
and Data Protection Policy identifies the ways in which Plenitude 
guarantees the protection of the personal data of customers and all 
those with whom Eni establishes relationships in order to: guarantee 
the correctness and transparency of the processing of personal 
data and provide rules for data retention and the management of of 
reports related to privacy topics from customers. In addition, Policy 
(169) For further references, see  The Regulatory system, and Eni’s  Reporting principles and criteria/Policies.
 ECG Consumer Protection & Green Claims: (i) reiterates the need 
to comply with the rules and principles on consumer protection and 
correct environmental and sustainability communication (Green 
Claim and Sustainability Claim), reinforcing awareness of the impact 
that actions, behaviors and omissions that violate the Consumer 
Protection Legislation, can have on Eni; (ii) identifies the tools 
aimed at preventing the risk of violation, even “unknowingly”, of the 
Consumer Protection Legislation; (iii) disseminates the culture of 
compliance in the field of consumer protection, helping to facilitate 
the identification and reporting by Eni’s people of any actions/
conducts that may constitute a violation, in line with the company’s 
regulatory instruments on the subject. Finally, the internal regulatory 
framework defines procedures of the commercial process, 
emphasizing compliance with all the rules put in place to protect fair 
competition and respect for the right of consumers to receive clear, 
truthful and complete information on the products and services 
offered.
TARGETS AND COMMITMENTS 
The defined targets, in line with the policies, are at the heart of 
strategic choices and the desire to build commercial relationships 
focused on customer needs, always putting them in a position to 
be able to choose freely and consciously, also through correct 
commercial communication. To this end, Plenitude is equipped 
with an organizational function responsible for verifying compliance 
with consumer protection legislation for all its business initiatives 
and customer communications, with the aim of providing clear, 
complete, truthful and non-misleading information. 
Customer service performance is monitored on a monthly basis as 
part of business reviews through specific KPIs, tracking alignment 
with the defined target. Annual meetings are also organized with 
national representatives of consumer associations, to present 
business strategies and specific insights on issues of interest to end 
consumers.
Target 
Target 
year 
2024 
Performance
Base year and relative 
reference value 
Notes
(scope, methodology, evidence)
33,000 installed proprietary EV Charging Points
2028
> 21,000
31/01/22: 6,500 points
Absolute target defined in line with the progressive expansion of the 
electric mobility market in Italy and Europe, leveraging Plenitude’s 
Retail business, partnerships, as well as synergies with Enilive. Scope: 
e-mobility business area
3.5 times Net Promoter Score (Retail Italy) of 2018
2025
2.71 times
2018: N/A(a) 
Relative target defined on the basis of customer experience 
improvement forecasts thanks to the introduction of new technologies 
and a customer service remuneration model increasingly focused on 
the quality of the service provided to the customer; Scope: Retail Italy 
 90% New contracts signed digitally in Europe 
2025
85%
2023: 80%
Absolute target defined on the basis of the plan for the progressive 
digitization of contract subscriptions at physical sales channels and the 
planned implementation of new digital acquisition channels. Scopee: 
new electricity and gas supply contracts signed by B2C customers in 
Italy, France, the Iberian Peninsula, Greece, Slovenia contracted digitally
(a) The reference value is not reported as it is market sensitive and not comparable between companies due to different methodologies.
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MATERIAL IMPACTS, RISKS  
AND OPPORTUNITIES (IROs) 
Material IROs and interaction with the 
company’s strategy
Eni extends its range of action to end markets, marketing gas, electricity 
and products to local markets and to retail and business customers, 
to whom it also offers energy efficiency and sustainable mobility 
services. Among these, the main material IROs linked to stakeholders 
downstream of Eni’s value chain, refer to Plenitude customers, due to 
the presence of a contractual relationship, which potentially, due to the 
occurrence of accidental events, can have negative material impacts 
related to unclear advertising campaigns or misleading or aggressive 
business practices, that can mislead customers or make a purchase 
decision that they would not have made otherwise. At the same time, 
Eni’s offer of quality products and services in line with customer needs 
can generate positive impacts in terms of satisfaction also thanks to 
adequate listening and engagement channels. Particular attention is 
therefore given to: innovation and digitalisation processes; integration 
of ESG aspects along the value chain and customer satisfaction and 
centrality, promoting a correct and transparent approach and the 
offer of quality products and services, in line with their needs and in 
support of the energy transition. This last aspect plays an important 
role, not only because Eni wants to establish itself as a best practice 
on the market, but also because of the correlation between customer 
satisfaction and churn rate and with the rate of acquisition of new 
customers, with obvious effects on the company’s performance. 
Among customers, those most exposed to risks are identified also in 
order to define initiatives to mitigate any impact that may arise from 
specific incidents; for example, support is activated for those who are 
financially vulnerable170. No material risks (see  Materiality section) 
have been identified at group level with regard to consumers171, net 
of the transversal risk of Cyber Security detailed in the 
 Business 
Conduct chapter. In line with the identified target (see the   Targets and 
commitments section of this chapter), the development of charging 
points for electric vehicles172 represents a business opportunity for the 
development of services to support sustainable mobility.
CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT 
Within Plenitude there is a team dedicated to studying the market and 
listening to customers173, in order to identify their needs and areas 
for improvement, consumption trends, socio-economic trends and 
main concerns. Every year, multiple market surveys are carried out, 
both qualitative and quantitative, through different channels (online, 
telephone or personal), thanks to the support of research institutes or 
(170) The definition of vulnerable customers also includes Electricity and Natural gas customers as defined by Regulatory Authority for Energy, Networks and the Environment (ARERA 
- Autorità di Regolazione per Energia Reti e Ambiente).
(171) The analysis considers all risks arising from impacts and dependencies. 
(172) This opportunity is explored in the    Climate Change chapter. 
(173) For further information on stakeholder expectations and engagement, see the  Stakeholder Engagement chapter. 
(174) For further information on the process of assessing the potential impacts on Human Rights and identifying appropriate remedial measures, consistent with all categories of 
stakeholders, see the  Human Rights for Eni chapter.
specialized companies active in Italy and abroad, in compliance with the 
sector quality standards. During 2024, more than 70 research projects 
were carried out, involving over 130,000 actual and potential customers, 
and an initiative to listen to calls made to the toll-free number also 
continued. Customer satisfaction (i.e. the percentage of customers who 
express a rating of more than 7 out of a maximum of 10) in terms of 
overall satisfaction with Plenitude as an energy supplier is continuously 
monitored. To assess the effectiveness of engagement channels, other 
specific KPIs are also monitored, such as the Net Promoter Score 
(which measures the percentage of customers who would recommend 
Plenitude as an operator) and the complaint rate. Dialogue and 
continuous discussion with Consumer Associations is also promoted, 
to continuously improve customer satisfaction and the quality of the 
service offered. This dialogue takes place through dedicated channels, 
such as, for example, the Joint Conciliation Protocol, an out-of-court 
dispute resolution procedure between the Company and customers in 
accordance with the Alternative Dispute Resolution method. Consumer 
Associations are guaranteed the possibility of reporting potential service 
failures and product malfunctions on behalf of customers through a 
telephone service and an ad hoc web area. Finally, Plenitude actively 
participates in meetings with the competent authorities and bodies, at 
national and local level, in case of consultations and hearings, also on the 
protection of vulnerable customers (see the  Actions section for more 
details). The operational responsibility for ensuring that involvement 
takes place and that the results affect the company’s approach is held 
by the Director of the Italian retail market, in collaboration with the 
support functions.
Remediation processes and 
whistleblowing channels
Plenitude handles complaints174 in accordance with the regulations of 
the Regulatory Authority for Energy, Networks and the Environment 
(ARERA - Autorità di Regolazione per Energia Reti e Ambiente). 
Complaints are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to understand 
customer issues and initiate corrective actions. Every three months, 
the multidisciplinary Customer Protection Committee monitors 
the quality indicators of the partners’ commercial performance and 
defines the related action plans. For complaints against business 
partners, specific sanctioning procedures are applied, such as 
penalties for unsolicited activations and preliminary investigations 
for contractual violations present in the mandate, assessed by 
the Penalty Committee. Reports can be sent by customers, either 
through remote channels (reserved area/app, chat, call center, postal 
service), or through Italian Sign Language (chat and call center), or 
through direct and indirect physical channels in the area. The channels 
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available to customers are described on  eniplenitude.com, bills and 
commercial and contractual material. Regardless of the channel used, 
Plenitude guarantees the receipt, analysis and processing of reports, 
including anonymous ones, ensuring maximum confidentiality to 
avoid retaliation175. Plenitude trains and informs its service providers, 
including customer care and call center operators, sharing company 
procedures and offering training sessions with quality monitoring 
surveys. In addition, to ensure adherence to Plenitude’s standards 
and expectations, checks are also carried out on call and customer 
management, such as listening to sample calls with score and 
feedback shared with the partner. 
Complaints and requests for information are monitored daily 
through a dedicated dashboard and managed by a team of internal 
resources and specialized external suppliers. Control systems are 
provided to verify the quality of practices and identify training gaps 
and ideas for improvement. The Customer Feedback program uses 
an ad hoc platform to deliver surveys, measure satisfaction KPIs and 
interact with critical customers, integrating their suggestions into the 
company system. The effectiveness of these tools is monitored in 
line with the commercial quality standards established by ARERA. 
Unanswered complaints, response times, motivations, as well as any 
recurrences, are analyzed to understand the underlying causes of the 
reports and complaints. Finally, the First Call Resolution indicator, i.e. 
the percentage of reports that were resolved on the first call, and 
Self-Care, the percentage of transactions carried out independently 
by customers out of the total transactions requested, are monitored. 
In regards to cases of human rights violations, no incidents relating 
to the category of customers have been reported (see the  Human 
Rights for Eni chapter).
ACTIONS TAKEN ON MATERIAL IROs
Plenitude has provided for the implementation of several actions 
to remedy the negative impacts it could have on customers and 
consumers, the effectiveness of which is monitored through 
operational indicators (Rate of unsolicited activations, complaint 
index, NPS, etc.) on a monthly or weekly basis. 
Actions in the event of disservice
In addition to the compensations already provided for by the sector 
regulations, Plenitude has adopted internal procedures to mitigate 
the effects on customers of any disservice due to the Company that 
occur during the management of individual services (e.g. contractual 
transactions such as switches, activations, terminations, product 
changes) or the supply service (e.g. regular invoicing, payment 
registration, etc.). These procedures provide, for example, for the 
(175) For more information, please refer to page  https://eniplenitude.com/info/segnalazioni-illeciti.
definition of compensations calculated considering the type and 
duration of the disservice or refunds of costs incurred. Each case 
is specifically evaluated and, where the conditions are met, is then 
addressed with the client to identify a shared proposal, in order to 
avoid the the issue from persisting.
Customer protection and fraud 
management
Plenitude adopts an approach of customer protection, in case of 
unfair commercial practices (even if only alleged) by assuming, 
where possible, all the resulting charges. It has signed, with the 
associations belonging to the National Council of Consumers and 
Users, the protocol of unsolicited activations, to strengthen the 
measures put in place to protect consumers and, more generally, 
in relation company’s to conduct related to unfair commercial 
practices. In addition, there is Joint Alternative Dispute Resolution, 
an alternative resolution procedure that has the advantage of 
offering a quick, simple and out-of-court solution to disputes 
between consumers and businesses. Plenitude is also committed 
to protecting its customers against any unfair commercial practices 
by third parties, such as unsolicited activations. Following some 
cases of disputed impacts on privacy in the context of teleselling and 
telemarketing activities, Plenitude has prepared a remediation plan 
to strengthen controls at its sales network and related adaptation 
of systems, as well as measures to protect the personal data of its 
customers. At a general level, in the data protection area, Plenitude 
organizes the processing of personal data and the management 
of confidential information using an interdisciplinary approach 
to identify the best methods, in compliance with the principles 
and requirements established by European Regulation 2016/679. 
Furthermore, following some disputed impacts for unilateral 
changes in price conditions and information gaps by the Portuguese 
energy sector regulatory authority, Eni has actively collaborated 
with the authority itself, reaching 35 out-of-court agreements with 
persons affected by the disputed company’s conduct. In order to 
ensure constant monitoring of the quality of the service, the trend 
of activations of commodity and non-commodity contracts on the 
systems is monitored, with particular focus on the failure to activate 
them. The progress of the supply point activation contracts is subject 
to reporting and any critical issues that may arise after the signing 
of the customer’s contract is monitored, preventing the activation 
to become effective. Finally, in relation to fraud attempts, Plenitude 
has put in place numerous initiatives to support customers who are 
victims of potential scams, providing them with some specific tools 
for defending and verifying the identity of those who contact them, 
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including: information reports of fraud attempts, a dedicated toll-free 
number to handle reports related to suspicious call and a service 
to verify that the number from which they are contacted is actually 
attributable to a Plenitude operator. The latter, since its activation in 
2020, has received more than 1,887 reports during 2024, of which 
more than 99% resulted related to numbers not registered in the 
Single Register of Call Center Operators and therefore in violation of 
the law and potentially fraudulent. 
Customer service and initiatives for 
vulnerable customers
With regard to positive impacts, Eni has launched and completed in 
2023 the introduction of a new Customer Relationship Management 
(CRM) system, to improve the customer & user experience, reducing 
the information required from customers, anticipating and automating 
controls, and simplifying activities for operators. The update of the 
Plenitude app has been completed to make all its features accessible 
to blind and visually impaired people. For deaf customers, in addition 
to chat, TELLIS, a customer service that allows you to communicate 
through Italian Sign Language, with qualified interpreters connected 
remotely, has been active since 2022. From internal analyses and on 
the basis of the ministerial initiative, Eni has identified young people 
among the financially vulnerable customers; indeed, Plenitude is listed 
among the top 50 partner companies of the National Youth Card, an 
initiative of the Department for Youth Policies and the Universal Civil 
Service, which offers to young Europeans living in Italy between 18 
and 35 years old, discounts on the supply of gas and electricity from 
renewable sources covered by the Guarantee of Origin, a discount on 
a pay-as-you-go recharge through the Plenitude On the Road app and 
a promotion on boilers and air conditioners. In addition, following the 
end of the gas protected market in December 2023, Plenitude has 
designed an offer with the same characteristics of protection as the 
previous one dedicated also to non-vulnerable customers, to ensure 
in an initial period a level playing field for those who did not subscribe 
to the free market offer. To manage significant customer impacts, 
Plenitude has teams of expertise in the commercial department 
(e.g. Customer Operations, Value Stream Customer Experience 
Management) and in the legal department (e.g. Data Protection, 
Corporate Liability Compliance and Ethic Code Values, Consumer 
& Brand Identity Protection). Plenitude allocates specific budgets 
to implement action plans related to customer management. To 
this end, Plenitude defines specific OpEx (non-material) that include 
different types of costs related to the customer’s management activity 
(including Customer Contact, Back Office, CRM, Billing and Metering, 
Credit Management). 
The amount of future financial resources is defined and allocated 
on the basis of the evolution of the customer base and related 
support services and is not disclosed as it is not financially relevant/
confidential.
Customer engagement in the transition
As far as activities related to the efficient use of energy are 
concerned, Plenitude is committed to accompanying the customer 
towards energy awareness providing them with personalized advice 
based on their behavior, within the web area and app reserved for 
the customer, to raise awareness of their energy profile. In 2024, 
a tool was also developed that allows the customer to estimate 
the production of electricity from residential photovoltaics system 
during the offer evaluation phase to calculate the potential savings 
and provide a view of the potential self-consumption. The “Plenitude 
Together” loyalty program (launched in December 2022), in addition 
to building a lasting and valuable relationship for customers, offers 
them useful initiatives to increase awareness and knowledge about 
energy efficiency. The 2025 goal is to maintain a high participation 
rate (more than 80%), continuing to involve them in the energy 
transition path. In fact, in 2024, 87% of members interacted with the 
program at least once and more than 200,0000 people deepened 
their knowledge of energy efficiency (up to 27% compared to 2023).
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POLICIES176
Eni 
 Code of Ethics reaffirms the culture of responsibility, legality, 
transparency, the commitment to act on all occasions with 
correctness, integrity and equity, in compliance with contractual 
commitments and the adoption by Eni of rules and controls to 
prevent and combat the risk of corruption in the performance of 
activities. The 
 Management System Guideline Anti-corruption, 
publicly accessible, underlines the prohibition, without exception, of 
all forms of corruption, active, passive, direct and indirect, in favor of 
and by anyone (Eni Persons, third parties at risk and anyone acting 
in the interest of Eni), defining the applicable mechanisms for the 
prevention of corruption and money laundering, as well as the rules 
for ascertaining the ethical and reputational reliability of potential 
counterparties through the performance of preventive checks/anti-
corruption and anti-money laundering due diligence, the provision of 
specific contractual clauses and/or declarations to third parties and 
the promotion of training and awareness-raising initiatives for Eni’s 
people and third parties. 
The public document 
 Whistleblowing reports management 
received by Eni SpA and by its Subsidiaries provides for the 
adoption of a system to encourage the reporting of misconduct and 
to guarantee the confidentiality of the identity of the whistleblower 
(176) For further references, see the chapters  The Regulatory system, and Eni’s   Reporting principles and criteria/Policies.
and other protected parties, protecting them from retaliatory 
consequences. Finally, the report 
 Eni’s responsible engagement 
on climate change within business associations examines in depth 
the positions on climate change issues that Eni considers essential 
in the context of climate change advocacy. With regard to the 
management of suppliers, please refer to  ECG Policy Respect for 
Human Rights in Eni and the  Supplier Code of Conduct, described 
in the section   Workers in Eni’s value chain.
TARGETS AND COMMITMENTS 
Eni, in line with its medium/long term sustainable supply chain 
strategy, has defined specific targets for the supplier management 
and sourcing process. These indicators are monitored periodically 
and, consequently, corrective actions are defined/implemented. 
In addition to the targets listed in the table, Eni has defined 
commitments on business conduct aspects, shared with its 
stakeholders, relating to the maintenance of ISO 37001:2016 
and 37301:2021 certifications, the continuous improvement of 
the Anti-corruption Compliance Program and the training on the 
Anti-corruption Compliance Program for medium and high-risk 
personnel. 
Business conduct 
Target  
Target 
year
2024 Performance 
Base year 
and relative 
reference value 
Notes
(scope, methodology, evidence)
Keep ESG assessments in procurement processes 
for more than 90% of the Italian awarded 
contracts
2025
Procurement processes 
with ESG assessment for 
94% of italian awarded 
contracts
2023
85%
Relative target(a)
Boundary: purchasing procedures within the MSG Procurement Italy.
Procurement processes with ESG assessment for 
over 90% of foreign awarded contracts
2026
Procurement processes 
with ESG assessment for 
65% of foreign awarded 
contracts
2023
20%
Relative target(b) 
Boundary: purchasing procedures within MSG Procurement foreign 
subsidiaries
100% of strategic worldwide suppliers assessed 
on the path to sustainable development by 2025
2025
80% of strategic suppliers 
worldwide
2024
80%
Relative target (c) 
Boundary: Eni’s strategic suppliers
90% of active contracts are awarded to suppliers 
registered on Open-es, maintaining over 65% in 
the intermediate years. 
2027
New 2024 target(d)
2024
82%
Relative target(e) 
Boundary: contracts within MSG Procurement Italy and foreign 
subsidiaries
3,000 foreign local suppliers involved in Open-es 
2026
2,600 foreign local 
suppliers involved in 
Open-es
2023
1,600
Absolute target(f)
Boundary: suppliers of foreign subsidiaries
(a) Ratio between the total value of awarded contracts in Italy subject to ESG assessment compared to the value of total awarded contracts in Italy.
(b) Ratio between the total value of foreign awarded contracts subject to ESG assessment compared to the value of total foreign awarded contracts.
(c) Ratio between the total number of strategic suppliers analysed on the basis of their ESG positioning and the total number of strategic suppliers (i.e. those industrial groups that hold 80% of the contract value in place with Eni). 
(d) This target was updated in 2024 in view of the early achievement of a target set for 2025. 
(e) Ratio between the total value of active contracts assigned to suppliers registered on Open-es and the total value of active contracts.
(f) It refers to the total number of foreign local suppliers managed by the subsidiaries and registered on Open-es. 
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BUSINESS CONDUCT
MATERIAL IMPACTS, RISKS AND 
OPPORTUNITIES (IROs) 
CONDUCT, BUSINESS CULTURE AND 
CORRUPTION PREVENTION
Eni’s activities, which take place in many Countries, are subject to the 
potential risk of incurring corruption in the business contexts in which 
Eni operates, nationally and internationally. The corruption phenomenon 
potentially is an obstacle to sustainable development and, at the same 
time, may distort competition and undermine trust in the economic 
system and institutions. The economic consequences can be 
financial losses, reduced business competitiveness and a contraction 
in investment. In addition, corruption can undermine economic 
efficiency and the equitable distribution of resources, leading to slower 
economic development. The occurrence of this phenomenon, also in 
light of the strong reputational impact associated with it, may lead to 
consequences not only on employees, but also on various categories 
of stakeholders who have economic, contractual and institutional 
relations with the Company. In order to prevent such potential impacts, 
Eni adopts and implements, in Italy and abroad, the Anti-Corruption 
Compliance Program, developed from a risk-based perspective, in line 
with national and international regulations and with applicable best 
practices and guidance, and has defined and implemented a structured 
Compliance Risk Assessment and Monitoring process, detailed in 
the following sections, aimed at identifying, assessing and tracking 
corruption risks in the context of its business activities and guiding the 
definition and updating of control controls. The commitment in this area 
confirms the importance for Eni to carry out its business with loyalty, 
fairness, transparency, honesty and integrity and in compliance with the 
laws, regulations, similar mandatory norms, international standards and 
guidelines, both national and foreign, to which the Company is subject. 
TRANSPARENCY AND FAIR USE OF RESOURCES
Transparency is a corporate value for Eni which for  this reason it is 
committed to the voluntary disclosure of payments to governments 
and to the fight against all forms of corruption, promoting the 
responsible use of financial resources in line with Sustainable 
Development Goal 16 of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. As part 
of its business activities, Eni works closely with governments around 
the world, which are often the recipients of important economic 
transactions. Payments to governments, therefore, also represent 
socio-economic support to States and their proper management 
contributes to the prevention of potential corruption phenomena, 
with possible negative repercussions also on communities. 
INSTITUTIONAL ENGAGEMENT ACTIVITIES
As part of its partnerships and advocacy activities, Eni dialogues 
with policymakers, national, European and international institutions, 
advocacy organizations, trade organizations and confindustrial 
associations, enhancing its commitment to the energy transition 
path both with regard to traditional activities and with regard to new 
businesses. In this context, Eni contributes with its experience as an 
international energy company to the definition of policies and norms 
aimed at promoting the transition to Net Zero, taking into account 
the social, economic and environmental aspects of the realities in 
which it operates.
CYBER SECURITY
Eni’s activities, as for many other companies in a digitally 
interconnected and technological world, are exposed along the entire 
value chain to the risk of potential cyber security incidents, which can 
lead to the loss of data confidentiality as a result of the dissemination 
of information of employees, customers or business partners and 
to the detriment of the financial community, posing a threat to the 
security and privacy of those involved. Similarly, the unavailability of 
IT systems to support the provision of services to customers and 
business partners could also have significant impacts on the latter. 
Finally, the possible propagation of a cyber security incident to the 
computer systems of Eni’s suppliers and partners could have serious 
impacts on the latter.
ACTIONS TAKEN ON MATERIAL IROs
 
CONDUCT, BUSINESS CULTURE AND 
CORRUPTION PREVENTION
Eni  Code of Ethics – available on the website for all Stakeholders 
–reaffirms integrity and transparency among the values that 
characterise the commitment of Eni’s people and all third parties 
working with the Company (see the chapter  The Regulatory System). 
The Code is also addressed to all third parties, such as suppliers, 
commercial and industrial partners, from whom equally socially 
responsible behavior is expected, supported by the development 
of adequate programs and ethical safeguards. In the event of non-
meeting the expectations of the various stakeholders, appropriate 
measures are taken. Eni strongly believes in the dissemination, at 
all levels of the Company, of a culture oriented towards legality and 
compliance with the rules, values of integrity and the principles of 
conduct and control adopted by the Company and defines training 
and information initiatives with respect to the needs identified for the 
various population targets, through the Company intranet which is 
used as a training channel (Enicampus) and dissemination (EticApp) 
of ethical and compliance content to all Eni’s people. 
The Anti-Corruption Compliance Program 
Since 2009, Eni has adopted and implemented the Anti-Corruption 
Compliance Program: a consistent system that is constantly 
updated with rules, controls and organizational controls, in 
compliance with current national and international regulations 
and in line with applicable best practices and guidance, aimed at 
preventing corruption and money laundering. At the regulatory level, 
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the Anti-Corruption Compliance Program is represented by the 
 
Anti-Corruption Management System Guideline and by detailed 
regulatory tools for the regulation of risky activities and the definition 
of control tools, which Eni makes available to its people to prevent 
and combat the risk of corruption and money laundering (so-called 
“Anti-Corruption Compliance Program”). Subsidiaries, in Italy and 
abroad, must adopt, by resolution of their Board of Directors (or 
equivalent body), the Anti-Corruption Regulatory Instruments issued 
by Eni. In addition, companies in which a non-controlling stake is 
held are encouraged to comply with the standards defined by Eni, 
adopting and maintaining an internal control system in line with legal 
requirements. Eni has set up a centralised organisational function 
that provides specialist assistance in anti-corruption and anti-money 
laundering matters to Eni SpA and its subsidiaries, with particular 
reference to the assessment of the reliability of potential third 
parties at risk (so-called “anti-corruption and anti-money laundering 
due diligence”), in the management of any critical issues/red flags 
and in the definition of related mitigation measures, including the 
formulation of contractual compliance safeguards and, for the most 
risky cases assessed on a case-by-case basis, in the request to the 
counterparty to adopt an anti-corruption compliance program. In 
2024, the Company or members of senior management were not 
involved in any criminal proceedings that resulted in a final conviction 
for violations of anti-corruption regulations (for further information 
on the Group’s disputes, please refer to 
 Note 28 “Guarantees, 
Commitments and Risks” of the Consolidated Financial Statements). 
Eni has also adopted a structured process of Compliance risk 
assessment and monitoring aimed at: i) identifying, assessing and 
tracking corruption risks in the context of its business activities and 
guiding the definition and updating of the control measures provided 
for in the regulatory instruments; ii) periodically analyse the trend of 
the corruption risks identified, through the performance of controls 
and the analysis of risk indicators aimed at ensuring compliance 
with regulatory requirements and the effectiveness of the monitoring 
models; iii) contribute to the identification of Eni employees exposed 
to the greatest risk of corruption by considering - in addition to the 
drivers used in the methodology for the systematic segmentation 
of Eni’s people for training purposes - also the degree of exposure 
of the professional family to which they belong to the activities at 
risk of corruption177. The risky activities identified by Eni, due to its 
operational and organisational context, include, but are not limited 
to: (i) contracts with third parties at risk of corruption and money 
laundering (e.g. business associates, including intermediaries and 
consultants, joint venture partners, brokers, counterparties in real 
estate management transactions, operators of the commercial 
network, suppliers, etc.); (ii) transactions for the purchase and sale 
of shareholdings, companies and business units, mining rights 
(177) The segmentation methodology, aimed at identifying the recipients of the various training initiatives, does not identify functions at risk but takes into account for each resource 
the qualification, the professional family to which they belong (e.g. Procurement, Sales, CFO, etc.) and the relative exposure to activities at risk of corruption, as well as the Country risk 
and the specific risk of the Company.
(178) On the role of the Board of Directors in relation to the ICRMS and business conduct issues, see the  Governance section.
and securities, etc., and joint venture contracts; (iii) non-profit 
initiatives, initiatives for the territory and initiatives for the health 
of the communities, sponsorships; (iv) sale of goods and services, 
trading and/or shipping operations; (v) selection, recruitment and 
management of human resources; (vi) gifts and hospitality; (vii) 
relations with relevant persons (including public administrations 
and public officials). Compliance risk assessment and Compliance 
Monitoring activities are planned annually on activities and functions 
identified according to a risk-based approach, transversal to several 
functions. Risk assessments are therefore carried out with reference 
to the Compliance Areas and the related risk activities (or individual 
components) on the basis of the relevant regulatory requirements 
and from a risk-based perspective. As part of this assessment 
process, aimed at determining exposure to corruption risk, various 
risk indicators are considered, also relating to the business processes 
affected by the identified risk activities. During 2024, the Compliance 
Risk Assessment activities involved the anti-corruption area as a 
whole, also pre-selling in-depth exercises for certain risky activities 
including “purchase and sale of goods and supply of services”, 
“purchase and sale of real estate”, “transactions for the purchase 
and sale of exploratory mineral rights”. Compliance Monitoring 
interventions, on the other hand, focused, in 2024, on “Joint 
Ventures”, “Initiatives for the territory and initiatives for the health of 
communities”. The results of both activities confirmed the expected 
level of risk, the adequacy of the mitigation measures implemented 
and the effectiveness of the compliance model adopted.
Training and communication activities 
Eni strongly believes in the dissemination, at all levels of the 
Company, of a culture oriented towards legality and compliance with 
the rules, values of integrity and the principles of conduct and control 
adopted by the Company and defines training and information 
initiatives with respect to the needs identified for the various targets 
of Eni personnel. The relevant activities within the Anti-Corruption 
Compliance Program and the planning of these activities for 
subsequent periods are the subject of an annual report, an integral 
part of the Integrated Compliance Report towards the Management 
and control bodies of Eni SpA178. In particular, on the occasion of the 
meetings of the Board Committees, a series of in-depth sessions 
were held open to the participation of all Directors and Statutory 
Auditors, on issues of general interest concerning the business 
model and strategies, the approach and sustainability model in areas 
such as people’s health, human rights, transparency and the fight 
against corruption (also on the occasion of participation in a session 
of Eni’s “Anti-corruption Compliance Program”), the main innovations 
regarding the corporate regulatory system, with a focus dedicated 
to the innovations introduced in the framework of the internal 
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control and risk management system, which is an integral part of the 
corporate strategy. Eni personnel, in line with the provisions of the 
regulatory instruments, must also be informed about the applicable 
laws, the principles of the 
 Code of Ethics and other internal 
regulations on the subject, in order to be aware of the various risks, 
the consequences that may arise in the event of a violation of the 
same, and the actions to be taken to combat corruption and money 
laundering. In order to optimise the identification of the recipients 
of the various training initiatives, a methodology is used for the 
systematic segmentation of Eni’s people on the basis of the level 
of corruption risk according to specific risk drivers such as Country, 
role, qualification, professional family. Each employee is the recipient 
of a specific training program corresponding to the level of risk of 
corruption and detailed with respect to the needs of their role and 
activities (anti-corruption training activities are aimed at covering 
100% of the resources at risk)179 . The training program is divided into 
online courses and classroom training such as general workshops 
and “job specific training” intended for professional areas with a 
specific risk of corruption. These courses provide an overview of 
the anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws applicable in 
Eni, illustrated the tools for recognizing the areas of corruption and 
money laundering risk and the related control checkpoints of Eni. In 
addition, the methods of reporting, with respect to any suspected 
or known violation of the anti-corruption and anti-money laundering 
laws or the Anti-Corruption Compliance Program, are described. 
In line with the principle of top level commitment, members of 
Eni’s top management, directors/heads of business and CEOs (or 
equivalent) of subsidiaries also participate in training activities; these 
subjects usually introduce the anti-corruption workshop, underlining 
its importance and the strong correlation that must exist between 
compliance and business. In addition, a three-day training event is 
planned for Chief Executive Officers (or equivalent) of subsidiaries 
in Italy and abroad and their first line, with the aim of supporting 
the development and consolidation of their top role. During these 
events, compliance and risk mitigation issues are explored in depth, 
including through role playing and discussion of complex cases, 
with the involvement of the Integrated Compliance, Internal Audit 
and Corporate Affairs and Governance functions. Among the main 
training activities carried out in 2024, the provision of the online 
course “Code of Ethics, Anti-Corruption and Corporate Administrative 
Responsibility” aimed at Eni staff, in Italy and abroad, and the new 
online course on the Anti-Corruption Compliance Program for 
medium and high-risk personnel continued. In addition, during 2024 
the Anti-Corruption and Anti-Money Laundering unit: (i) designed a 
competitive classroom seminar to make the workshop experience 
more interactive, (ii) held a general anti-corruption workshop aimed 
at Eni’s M&A function which was also attended by some members 
of the Board of Directors and the Board of Statutory Auditors of Eni 
SpA; (iii) as part of agile training aimed at increasing the engagement 
(179) In particular, high-risk resources are involved in ultra-specialized classroom training.
of participants, it has started the provision of a videogame on anti-
corruption matters.
Anti-corruption initiatives for Eni’s Value Chain
The Anti-Corruption MSG is shared with third parties at risk, through 
the provision of specific contractual clauses and compliance 
declarations, which include, among other things, the commitment 
to read Eni’s 
 Code of Ethics, 
 Model 231 and 
 Anti-corruption 
MSG, available on the Company website and to comply with its 
principles; in addition, related training and awareness-raising 
initiatives are promoted, depending on the circumstances. In the 
qualification process of potential suppliers, described below, their 
ethical-reputational profile is assessed and, for cases with a greater 
risk of corruption, their adoption of an Anti-Corruption Compliance 
Program. In any case, compliance clauses are defined in the 
relevant contracts which include, in addition to the above-mentioned 
commitments, also the provision of contractual remedies in the 
event of violations and, in cases of greater risk, audit rights by Eni. 
In addition, the subcontractor is also subject to preventive checks 
to verify its reliability from an ethical-reputational point of view and 
must operate exclusively on the basis of a written contract, which 
contains compliance commitments equivalent to those provided for 
the direct supplier. As part of the training initiatives for third parties, 
in 2024 Eni organized some sessions for specific types of Enilive 
counterparties (agents, LPG dealers and italian lubricant dealers) 
and continued to provide an online course for high-risk suppliers. 
The role of the Internal Audit department and related 
actions
Eni’s Internal Audit function plays a primary role in ensuring 
compliance with business conduct (including the management of 
whistleblowing reports received concerning alleged violations). 
More broadly, it is responsible for assessing and evaluating the 
Internal Control and Risk Management System (ICRMS), ensuring 
its overall effectiveness, adequacy, and operational soundness. In 
order to provide specialistic support to the top management and 
other managers of the company in relation to Eni Risk and Internal 
Control Holistic framework, the audits are outlined within an Audit 
Plan, defined according to criteria of materiality and coverage 
of the main risks and approved, at least annually, by the Board of 
Directors, subject to the opinion of the Control and Risk Committee, 
after consulting with the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the 
CEO and the Board of Statutory Auditors of Eni. In addition, the 
Head of the Internal Audit function activates other audits not part 
of the Audit Plan, based on requests from governing, control, and 
supervisory bodies, as well as from top management. In 2024 the 
anti-corruption checks, based on Anti-Corruption Compliance 
Program’s provisions, have been performed in 26 Audits carried out 
in 12 Countries, moreover 13 supervisory activities were carried out 
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on the 231/Compliance Models of the Italian/foreign subsidiaries. 
As in 2023, in 2024 the number of ascertained corruption cases 
relating to Eni SpA amounted to 0 and, consequently, there were no 
terminations related to these cases. For ongoing proceedings and 
for the total number of significant cases of non-compliance with 
laws and regulations (including any anti-competitive conduct and 
violations of antitrust laws and monopolistic practices), see the 
 
Legal Proceedings  section. The appointment and termination of 
the Head of the Internal Audit function are subject to governance 
rules aimed at ensuring maximum independence. In fact, improving 
the recommendations provided for by the Corporate Governance 
Code, the manager is appointed by the Board of Directors, following 
the opinion of the Control and Risk Commitee and the Nomination 
Committee and after consulting the Board of Statutory Auditors, on 
the proposal of the Chairman of the Board of Directors in agreement 
with the CEO; the Head of internal audit function reports directly to 
the Chairman, relating to the Board of Statutory Auditors, also as an 
“Audit Committee” pursuant to US legislation.
Reporting and verification process in case of 
violations of the Code of Ethics, anti-corruption rules 
and other regulations 
Since 2006, Eni has adopted internal regulations  
Whistleblowing 
reports management received by Eni SpA and by its Subsidiaries, 
updated over time and most recently in March 2024, aligned with 
national and international best practices as well as EU Directive 
2019/1937, which governs the process of receiving, analyzing 
and processing whistleblowing. The legislation, available on the 
Company website and intranet together with a brief operational 
guide, allows Eni’s people, as well as all those who operate or have 
operated in Italy and abroad in the name of or on behalf or in the 
interest of Eni, to report information on alleged violations acquired 
in the context of work. To be considered a whistleblowing report, the 
communication must be circumstantiated and be carried out with 
a sufficient degree of detail to the competent business functions 
to verify the validity or otherwise of the facts or circumstances 
reported. The activities following the receipt of a whistleblowing 
are guaranteed by a “Whistleblowing Team”180 which operates in 
compliance with the principles of objectivity, competence and 
professional diligence, also ensuring feedback to the whistleblower; 
the Team, following a preliminary investigation, proceeds with 
carrying out in-depth investigations, analyses and specific 
assessments regarding the validity or otherwise of the reported 
facts and to formulate any recommendations on the adoption of the 
necessary corrective actions on the corporate areas and processes 
concerned by the whistleblowing report. The Whistleblowing Team, 
also by appointing one of the members and/or other Eni persons 
identified by them within the relevant unit, ensures the preparation 
(180) A dedicated service endowed with the requirements of competence, independence and absence of conflict of interest, formed by the heads of units of the following functions of 
Eni SpA: integrated compliance, legal affairs, human resources and organization, internal audit and administration and financial reporting.
of the Quarterly Whistleblowing Report, which is examined by Eni’s 
Board of Statutory Auditors. As a result of this examination, the 
Report is sent to the Supervisory Bodies (for Italian subsidiaries)/
International Supervisory Bodies (for foreign subsidiaries) and to 
the Board of Statutory Auditors of the companies concerned, if any, 
each for its own competence. Statistical information relating to 
cases handled in the last 5 years is also available on the Company 
website. The functions involved in the management process, 
including those relating to anti-corruption issues, ensure that the 
necessary conditions of independence and absence of conflict of 
interest are maintained, as well as the due objectivity, competence 
and professional diligence, as set out in international standards, as 
well as in Eni’s   Code of Ethics and on  Eni’s website. In order to 
facilitate the receipt of whistleblowing reports, both in written and 
oral form, using IT tool suitable for guaranteeing the confidentiality 
of the identity of the whistleblower, as well as of the content of the 
whistleblowing report, including the identity of the reported person, a 
special platform is available, provided by an external provider, which 
Reporting Parties are invited to use preferably. The platform, duly 
publicised on Corporate websites and accessible at the link  https://
whistleblowing.eni.com guarantees, in order to ensure proximity to 
the whistleblower, the management of autonomous channels for 
Eni SpA and for EU subsidiaries with more than 249 employees or 
in other cases where this is necessary for the purpose of fulfilling 
the obligations of the local legislation implementing Directive (EU) 
2019/1937. Regardless the subject of the whistleblowing and the 
Eni entity involved, everyone is always guaranteed the possibility to 
submit whistleblowing reports, which will be managed in compliance 
with and in application of Italian legislation, directly through the 
Eni SpA channel. In addition, alternative tools for collecting the 
whistleblowing report are also in place (e.g. dedicated mailboxes/
boxes and voicemail, managed through dedicated functions of the 
platform) and set up by the individual subsidiaries where necessary 
in relation to the circumstances of the specific case (e.g., difficulty in 
accessing the internet, etc.). 
The whistleblowing reports received during 2024 from its own 
personnel and that of the value chain demonstrates awareness of the 
dedicated tool. Eni’s people who receive a whistleblowing report and/
or who are involved, in any capacity, in the investigation and handling 
of the same, are required to guarantee the highest confidentiality 
about identity of the whistleblower, the persons involved and the 
persons mentioned, as well as the related content and documentation, 
in compliance with the “need to know” criterion, using, to this end, 
criteria and methods of communication suitable for protecting the 
identity, integrity and confidentiality of identification data (the so-
called “principle of confidentiality”). The identity of the whistleblower 
and any other information from which that identity may be inferred, 
directly or indirectly, cannot be disclosed, without the whistleblower’s 
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express consent, except in the cases provided for by law. Eni’s people 
are prohibited from adopting direct or indirect acts of retaliation 
or discrimination against the whistleblower for reasons directly 
or indirectly related to the report. In particular, the whistleblower 
is protected from any act of retaliation or discrimination, direct or 
indirect, for reasons connected, directly or indirectly, to the report. 
No person within Eni may be fired, demoted, suspended, threatened, 
harassed, discriminated against, in any way, or, in any case, subject 
to retaliation for submitting a whistleblowing report. Any violation of 
the prohibition of retaliatory and discriminatory conduct may result 
in disciplinary proceedings being initiated against the individual 
who engaged in such conduct and the adoption of appropriate 
disciplinary/supportive measures for any parties involved. This is 
without prejudice to the right of the whistleblower to inform the local 
competent authorities, bodies or institutions of the retaliation they 
believe they have suffered, in accordance with locally applicable laws 
and regulations.
 
ENI’S LOBBYING ACTIVITIES 
As part of its partnerships and advocacy activities, Eni dialogues with 
policymakers both directly and indirectly through trade associations. 
In 2024, Eni’s main engagement activities with national, international 
and European institutions focused on: (i) participation in economic 
promotion initiatives, meetings and round tables on issues related 
to business and new businesses, geopolitical and energy scenarios, 
sustainable development and new technologies; (ii) the representation 
of Eni’s positioning on the energy transition and decarbonization at 
public events and major international multilateral forums (e.g. B7, 
B20, COP29); (iii) the engagement and dialogue with institutions, 
including in the context of partnerships and memberships, with 
think tanks, associations and international organizations regarding 
the definition of policies and standards pertinent to their business 
activities and in particular on energy and ecological transition, 
innovation and sustainable mobility; (iv) the presentation of projects, 
and the organization of visits by associations, institutional and 
political delegations to industrial facilities, operational sites and 
research centers. In particular, Eni participates in the definition of 
strategies and regulations aimed at accelerating the transition to 
Net Zero, supporting and sharing, in a clear and transparent manner, 
its positioning on climate change and related strategy issues. Eni 
recognizes the value of active participation in the work of business 
associations to develop and share best practices and develop 
advocacy positions aimed at promoting the energy transition and 
in this regard, in 2024, it published the third edition of the report 
assessing the alignment between Eni’s positioning and that of the 
business associations in which the Company participates on issues 
related to climate advocacy. Eni is also proactively committed to 
directing the positions of each association, in particular associations 
whose positions diverge from the Eni Principles on Climate Advocacy, 
(181) REG number 99578067285-35.
towards an approach consistent with the need to act effectively to 
cope with climate change. Eni’s principles on climate advocacy are: 
1.	 Paris Agreement: Eni supports the objectives of the Agreement 
and the policies they pursue in conjunction with the goal of 
sustainability, energy security and protection of industrial 
competitiveness on the path towards Net Zero by 2050.
2.	 Role of gas: Eni recognises the role of natural gas in the energy 
transition and supports the implementation of specific regulations 
for the reduction of methane emissions and routine flaring.
3. 	Carbon pricing: Eni supports the implementation of credible and 
cost-efficient carbon pricing mechanisms.
4.	 Energy efficiency and low carbon technologies: Eni promotes 
actions and policies to support energy efficiency and technologies 
necessary for decarbonization such as renewables (both in the 
form of electrons and molecules in the liquid/gaseous state), 
CCS, Carbon Dioxide Removal, hydrogen.
5.	 Sustainable mobility: Eni supports the implementation of 
complementary solutions for the decarbonization of transport, 
such as sustainable biofuels and electric mobility, and policies 
based on a technology-neutral approach that promote the most 
mature and cost-efficient technologies.
6.	 Role of carbon credits: Eni supports the development of enabling 
policies for investments in Nature and Technology Based 
Solutions and the use of credits to offset hard-to-abate residual 
emissions.
7.	 Transparency and disclosure: Eni supports the development of 
best practices for transparent disclosure on climate actions and 
climate advocacy.
The activities and commitments relating to Eni’s dialogue with 
institutional stakeholders, including lobbying, are under the 
responsibility of the Director of Public Affairs (reporting directly 
to the CEO), who participates in the meetings of the Management 
Committee and the Risk Committee, and regularly reports to the CEO 
on the issues of competence.
Political contributions
Eni, as required by the Code of Ethics, does not use Company 
resources for electoral contributions and political advocacy 
activities or towards non-governmental organizations, except 
for internal costs relating to the activities of the Public Affairs 
Department, and any expenses towards third parties for 
intermediary activities with the institutions of the European Union. 
In addition, Eni does not make donations to political parties, but 
supports a series of scientific, cultural and social initiatives 
around the world: every request from these programs is subjected 
to rigorous due diligence to ensure that Eni’s contribution is not 
misused and/or misinterpreted. In addition, Eni is registered in 
the EU Transparency Register181 and adheres to the relevant code 
of conduct, which regulates its relationship with the institutions 
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of the European Union. Through the 
 Register, Eni provides 
extensive information on its activities, including the objectives of 
the organization, membership of trade and business associations 
and expenses related to the activities covered by the Register in 
the previous year. In Italy, Eni is listed in the registers established at 
the Ministry of Enterprise and Made in Italy (formerly the Ministry 
of Economic Development) and at the Chamber of Deputies. 
Expenses related to lobbying activities in Italy are reported in the 
transparency register of the Ministry for Enterprise and Made in 
Italy. The Chamber of Deputies publishes  Annual Reports on the 
activities of registered companies. In the United States, all activities 
and expenses under the Lobbying Disclosure Act are reported on a 
quarterly basis and are 
 available to the public. In addition, any 
public position submitted to stakeholders and regulatory bodies 
of the USG (e.g. SEC, BOEM - Bureau Ocean Energy Management) 
shall be published on the relevant websites of such stakeholders 
and regulatory bodies. 
TAX STRATEGY AND TRANSPARENCY IN 
PAYMENTS
Eni’s tax strategy, approved by the Board of Directors and available on 
the   Company’s website, is based on the principles of transparency, 
honesty, fairness and good faith provided for in its Code of Ethics 
and in the “OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises” and 
has as its primary objective the timely and correct payment of 
tax obligations in the various Countries where Eni operates being 
aware of contributing significantly to the tax revenues of the States, 
supporting local economic and social development. The Company’s 
Tax Strategy provides for the payment of taxes in the Countries where 
operations take place according to local regulations and provisions 
and rejects aggressive tax policy choices, including locating legal 
entities in so-called tax havens. Eni has implemented the Tax Control 
Framework for which the CFO is responsible, structured in a three-
phase business process: (i) tax risk assessment; (ii) identification 
and establishment of controls to protect risks; (iii) verification of the 
effectiveness of controls and related information flows (reporting). 
The control framework together with processes and procedures have 
been designed in such a way as to reduce the risk of violations with 
significant financial or reputational impact (tax risk) to a relatively 
low level. In 2024, Eni SpA and its subsidiaries were not involved 
in tax litigations for violations of the law or tax fraud that resulted 
in a final conviction. For more information on the status of the 
Group’s tax litigation, please refer to the Notes of the consolidated 
financial statements,  Legal proceeding section; these disputes 
relate to the technical interpretation of local tax rules, which are 
often very complex, and are managed with a view to conciliation. 
As part of the tax risk management and litigation activities, Eni 
adopts prior dialogue with the tax authorities and the maintenance 
of relationships based on transparency, dialogue and collaboration, 
participating, where appropriate, in cooperation projects (co-
operative compliance) such as the collaborative compliance regime 
in Italy. As evidence of the commitment to better governance and 
transparency of the extractive sector, which is essential to promote 
a responsible use of resources and prevent corruption, Eni has been 
a member of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) 
since 2005. In this context, in 2023 Eni was appointed Alternate 
Member of the Board of EITI, the main decision-making body of 
the initiative. The Board decides priorities for the organization and 
assesses Countries’ progress in meeting the EITI standard. The EITI 
initiative provides for the compliance of precise expectations by the 
companies participating in the initiative which, starting from 2021, 
have also become a framework for evaluating these companies, to 
identify good practices and opportunities for improvement. In 2024, 
following the assessment carried out by EITI on compliance with the 
“Expectations for EITI supporting companies” (which showed that 
Eni fully meets 7 expectations and, partially, a further 2 out of a total 
of 9) Eni responded to EITI’s follow-up request by communicating 
the adoption of measures to strengthen the current disclosure, in 
particular with respect to commodity trading, in order to be fully 
compliant with all “Expectations”. Furthermore, at local level, Eni 
actively participates in the initiatives promoted by EITI in 7 Countries, 
both directly through the Multi Stakeholder Groups established in the 
EITI member Countries, and indirectly through trade associations. 
In accordance with Italian Law no. 208/2015, Eni draws up the 
“Country-by-Country Report” (“CbCR”) envisaged by Action 13 of 
the “Base erosion and profit shifting - BEPS” project, promoted by 
the OECD with the sponsorship of the G-20, whose objective is 
transparency on the profits of multinational companies for the benefit 
of tax administrations and on the correlation between the tax base 
declared in each jurisdiction and the soundness of the underlying 
economic activity, providing information on the proportionality 
between taxes and locally generated value. With a view to promoting 
greater transparency in tax matters for the benefit of a wider range 
of stakeholders, this report is subject to voluntary publication by 
Eni; in 2024, EU Directive no. 2021/2101 was implemented in Italy, 
which provides for the mandatory publication of certain elements 
of the CbCR starting from the 2025 tax period. The publication of 
this report has been recognized as a best practice by the EITI itself. 
Also, in line with its support for EITI, Eni has published a position 
on contractual transparency in which it encourages governments to 
comply with the new standard on the publication of contracts and 
expresses its support for the mechanisms and initiatives that will be 
launched by Countries to promote transparency in this area. 
CYBER SECURITY
The cyber security topic is material due to the fact that the Group’s 
operations depend significantly on IT systems, including those of 
third parties, which pervasively support all business processes. 
These systems are exposed to the risk of malfunctions, viruses, 
unauthorized access, theft of sensitive information that can 
cause operational, economic and reputational damage (for more 
information, see the section    Risk factors and uncertainties).
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SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY  
CHAIN MANAGEMENT
MATERIAL IMPACTS, RISKS AND 
OPPORTUNITIES (IROS) 
Eni’s procurement strategy is based on sharing values, commitments 
and objectives with the supply chain, adopting a systemic and 
inclusive approach. This approach aims to involve all levels of the 
supply chain in a path of continuous improvement and sustainable 
development, promoting principles of environmental and social 
sustainability to raise awareness and foster more responsible 
business practices. The positive impact deriving from this strategy is 
reflected on the entire supply chain, improving its competitiveness, 
and on Eni’s own activities. In an increasingly sustainability-oriented 
industrial context, Eni strengthens its leadership role through the 
Open-es initiative, a digital platform and system alliance, with the 
aim of building a more resilient supply chain and supporting a 
business ecosystem in line with the sustainable transition goals, 
which represent a central pillar of Eni’s strategy.
ACTIONS TAKEN ON MATERIAL IROs
Eni’s sustainable supply chain management strategy is based 
on the sharing of values, commitments and objectives with its 
supply chain and is based on three pillars: a systemic and inclusive 
approach, the development and enhancement of best practices 
and sustainability pervasiveness in the procurement process. 
The first aims to involve every level of the supply chain in a path 
of improvement and sustainable development, sharing common 
objectives and adopting a diversified model according to the 
ESG maturity of companies. To involve the entire value chain, Eni 
also promotes multi-stakeholder initiatives such as 
 Open-es, 
launched by Eni with Boston Consulting Group and Google Cloud in 
2021, in order to create a common initiative between the industrial, 
financial and associative worlds to support companies in the path 
of measurement and growth on ESG dimensions for the benefit 
of the entire business system. To date, more than 30 partners 
have joined it, including large industrial companies, financial 
institutions and associations, and more than 28,000 companies 
have registered (increase of more than 85% compared to 2023), of 
which about 7,000 belong to the Eni Italian and foreign supply chain. 
The development and enhancement of best practices consist of 
supporting suppliers in fulfilling the various ESG requirements, 
providing tools to support their sustainable development path and 
more generally competitiveness. These initiatives consist, first 
and foremost, in providing companies with tools for: (i) measuring 
and improving the degree of ESG maturity through a path based 
(182) Assessment carried out on the basis of information available from open sources and/or declared by the supplier and/or performance indicators and/or on-site audits, through at 
least one of the following processes: reputational due diligence, qualification process, performance evaluation feedback on HSE or compliance areas, feedback process, assessment on 
human rights issues (inspired by the SA8000 standard or similar).
on standard metrics aligned with the regulatory context and with 
comparison with industry benchmarks, accessing customized 
development plans and solutions offered by companies specialized 
in the ESG field; free sustainability events and training programs 
are periodically carried out; (ii) financial support through the 
“Sustainable Supply Chain Finance” initiative, launched in 2023, 
which allows its suppliers to request early payment of invoices 
without impacting credit lines, to incentivize the improvement of 
the Company’s ESG profile thanks to the synergy with the Open-es 
platform. In 2024, advances of invoices were granted for a total 
amount of about 90 million euros. Eni also offers its suppliers 
products and services at favorable conditions, such as solutions 
for energy efficiency and the use of HVOlution biofuel in transport; 
(iii) enhancement of excellence, through the HSE & Sustainability 
Supply Chain Award, in order to share best practices in ESG and 
reward the most distinctive and innovative companies. In addition, 
in 2024, Eni continued the “Inclusion Development Partnership” 
launched in 2023, to create a more inclusive and diverse supplier 
base and increase participation in the purchasing processes of 
companies owned by individuals from underrepresented groups. 
ESG pervasiveness in the procurement process is represented 
by the integration of the principles of environmental protection, 
social growth and economic development at every stage. With 
this approach, Eni has adopted the “Sustainable Supply Chain 
Framework”, a governance mechanism that combines corporate 
objectives, legislative requirements, targets and specific action 
plans that affect the procurement process and more generally the 
supply chain. This framework consists in a transversal oversight 
of the various dimensions of sustainability and with a focus on 
priority ESG issues periodically identified on the basis of the 
Company’s strategic plan and the evolution of The Regulatory 
Framework. In particular, the transversal oversight includes: (i) the 
signing by suppliers of the  Supplier Code of Conduct as a mutual 
commitment to recognize Eni’s values; all new suppliers are also 
assessed according to social criteria182; (ii) recurring qualification 
updates and due diligence in order to minimize risks along the 
supply chain through the verification of the ESG positioning of 
suppliers and of their ethical-reputational, economic-financial, 
technical-operational reliability and the application of health, 
safety, environment, governance, cyber security and human rights 
safeguards; (iii) logic for awarding contracts also on the basis 
of the ESG characteristics relevant to the contractual object; (iv) 
periodic monitoring of compliance with commitments undertaken 
and supplier behaviour through the management of performance 
feedback; (v) sharing of improvement actions with the supplier, if 
critical issues emerge at any stage of the relationship, and limitation/
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inhibition of participation in tenders, if the supplier does not meet 
the minimum standards of acceptability envisaged. In addition to 
the transversal oversight, also in 2024 in relation to some priority 
ESG dimensions for Eni (such as climate change, supply chain 
governance, human rights, dignity and equality, cyber security 
and safety) dedicated checks and in-depth studies continued to 
be carried out and specific minimum criteria were used for the 
evaluation of offers, as well as dedicated standard clauses in 
contracts. Particular attention was paid to the topics that turned out 
to be materials in the value chain: (i) climate change; for the most 
emitting suppliers, an engagement activity was launched to ensure 
that they declared their Scope 1 and 2 emissions and to support 
them and, more generally, the entire supply chain, a free and easy-to-
use tool developed with Accenture, dedicated to the quantification 
of emissions at company level, was made available on the Open-
es platform; (ii) human rights of workers (see  Workers in Eni’s 
value chain); (iii) responsible management of the supply chain, an 
assessment was conducted on suppliers characterized by complex 
supply chains with frequent recourse to subcontracting, to analyze 
the level of control of their supply chain, with the aim of making 
the main players in Eni’s supply chain responsible for implementing 
ESG due diligence in their supply chains. In cases where significant 
deficiencies have emerged, improvement plans have been defined 
and shared, and for particularly critical situations, participation in 
Eni tenders for non-compliant companies have been limited. For the 
implementation of Eni’s Sustainable Supply Chain strategy, specific 
management expenses (non-material) related to the functions 
and personnel involved are defined, as well as costs for on-site 
audits carried out by third parties, are provided. Eni aims to further 
strengthen the sustainable management of the supply chain, 
at all levels, by providing tools that allow suppliers to adopt and 
replicate the Eni model, while maintaining a systemic and inclusive 
approach. The intention is to promote greater accountability of 
direct business partners, especially the large players in the market, 
encouraging them to carry out regular due diligence activities on 
their third parties and to actively monitor environmental and social 
sustainability issues along the entire supply chain. At the same 
time, Eni is committed to intensify internal audits of subcontractors 
and all the entities with which it has business relationships, with 
particular attention to critical or high-risk contexts, adopting a 
more rigorous approach. This path is aimed at improving the ability 
to identify, prevent and mitigate risks, strengthening transparency 
and shared responsibility along the supply chain, in the short and 
medium-term. 
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS(a)
Units of measurement
2024
N° suppliers involved in awareness, measurement and collaboration initiatives on ESG topics
(number)
7,512
% of active contracts with suppliers involved in awareness, measurement and collaboration initiatives on ESG topics
(%)
70
% of the value of active contracts with suppliers involved in awareness, measurement and collaboration initiatives on ESG topics
82
(a) The data are only available for 2024, as new indicators monitored from this year.
SUPPLIER PAYMENT PRACTICES
In general, Eni manages supplier payments according to uniform 
criteria and standardised procedures, without distinction of type, 
size or geographical location. Eni183 provides, in its standards184, a 
payment term to suppliers equal to 60 days in contracts entered 
into under the private regime and 30 days for those falling within 
the scope of the Public Contracts Code (Italian Legislative Decree 
(183) In line with the approach based on transparency and fairness in the management of its suppliers, Eni SpA has adhered to the Italian Code for Responsible Payments that 
Assolombarda established in 2014.
(184) Also valid for subsidiaries for which Eni SpA carries out procurement activities in a centralized manner.
(185) The individual contracts of Eni SpA and its subsidiaries adopt this term, with exceptions deriving from any regulatory provisions applicable to the contract or from specific business 
needs.
36/2023)185. For the average payment times of Eni S.p.A.’s suppliers 
and its Italian subsidiaries in 2024, see 
 Management Report/ 
Other Information.  For the reporting period, there are no pending 
legal proceedings in Italy against Eni SpA and its Italian subsidiaries 
concerning late payments to their suppliers. For more information, 
see  Reporting Principles and Criteria.
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Reporting principles 
and criteria
INTRODUCTION
Sustainability reporting is prepared on a consolidated group basis, 
approved by the Board of Directors and subject to limited audit. The 
 Content Index details any following: (i) disclosures of qualitative 
and quantitative information deriving from other legislation; (ii) entity-
specific indicators, as indicated by the ESRS principles, which are 
inspired by the GRI Oil & Gas Sector standard and/or the draft EFRAG 
O&G sector standard or indicators linked to strategic objectives; (iii) 
disclosure of information contained in  the Management report; 
(iv) the use of any phase-ins. As regards the Minimum Disclosure 
Requirements (MDR), those relating to policies are dealt with in the 
 Policies: Code of Ethics and Regulatory System; those relating 
to actions and targets are explored in depth within the specific 
chapters, while those relating to metrics within the 
 Metrics: 
methodologies section. It should be noted that within the thematic 
chapters reference is made to the word “target” if the ESRS criteria 
are met, otherwise it refers to Entity-Specific commitments.185
Reporting boundary
Sustainability reporting has been prepared in accordance with the 
European Sustainability Reporting Standards and the EFRAG IG 2 “value 
chain” Implementation Guidance, which requires a reporting boundary 
aligned with the financial one186 and, where required, this is appropriately 
extended to the entities under its operational  control187, as defined by 
Annex II of the CSRD delegated act and the EFRAG Implementation 
Guidance mentioned above. In particular, for the GHG emissions 
indicators, the reporting boundary includes, in addition to subsidiaries, 
also assets which, are reflected in the financial reporting, although not 
controlled by Eni, and in particular: (i) joint operations, both contractual 
and incorporated, whose assets are proportionally consolidated in Eni 
consolidated financial statements; (ii) assets recognised against any 
cash calls from companies that carry out the role of sole operator of 
oil contracts (so-called operating companies); (iii) as well as the assets 
recognised because of leasing contracts. For these non-controlled 
entities, if not under operational control, emissions are recognised 
limited to the share held; on the contrary, if the entity is operated, the 
emission component referring to the interest held by third parties (not 
consolidated) is also reported188. Other associates, joint ventures and 
 5b.ii.
(186)  For Eni’s shareholdings, please refer to the section 
 Annex to the notes on consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024 of the Annexes to the notes to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements of Eni SpA. In addition, references to corporate classifications (such as subsidiaries, consolidated line-by-line companies, joint operations, etc.) refer 
to the IFRS and IAS definitions as described in the paragraph  “Significant accounting policies, estimates and judgments” of the Notes of the Consolidated Financial Statement.  5b.ii.
(187)  Among the most relevant criteria for identifying operational control are the existence of a contractual document, which recognizes Eni as the operator, the full authority to direct 
operational activities and the full authority to introduce and implement operating policies, as well as to manage the company’s/site/asset relationships.
(188)  Similarly, the emissions of jointly controlled companies (joint ventures) and associates are also reported at 100% when there is operational control.
(189)  Data from non-operated entities have been collected from third-party operators of the specific assets using proper information flows.     
relevant entities over which Eni SpA does not exercise operational 
control are not included in the reporting boundaries, except for some 
specific KPIs that require value chain information (such as Scope 
3 emissions). In order to ensure comparability with the sector and to 
show the progress towards strategic targets, the operational control 
boundary and the equity boundary are also added to this view (see the 
paragraph  Metrics: methodologies). With regard to environmental 
information, in order to ensure the comparability and quality of the 
information required by the ESRS, for all topics E2, E3, E4 and E5, the 
quantitative data are presented on the basis of the operational control 
boundary189 and the share of environmental information related to non-
controlled entities operated by third parties is separately disclosed 
(e.g. joint operation, both contractual and corporate). Regarding social 
standards, the boundary of own workforce refers to Eni subsidiaries, 
net of health and safety indicators that are reported according to the 
operational control boundary in line with the best practices. As regards 
the indicators relating to communities, data are related to those in which 
Eni has operational control as well as to some joint ventures in which 
Eni plays a significant role in the management of local stakeholders. 
For further information on the individual KPIs, please see  Metrics: 
methodologies. In the case of business combinations that took place 
during the reporting year, the information was reported only in relation 
to the actual months of accrual and in the event of the sale/disposal of 
companies during the year, the information is reported until the sale/
disposal date. In light of regulatory changes, reporting standards and 
new reporting boundaries, the comparative data have been restated, as 
far as reasonably feasible.  
Basis for preparation
The quantitative information is identified after the materiality 
assessment, is collected on an annual basis and refers to the period 
2024 and, where already collected and published last year, the 2023 
data has also been reported. In general, trends related to performance 
indicators are calculated using also decimal numbers not reported 
in this document. The figures for the year 2024 constitute the best 
possible valuation with the data available at the time of preparation of 
this report. When estimates are used, or different time horizons from 
those of the ESRS, these are deepened in the   Metrics: methodologies. 
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The 2023 data relating to environmental aspects (including emissions 
based on an operated boundary) have been restated to align with the 
new criterion applied. Most quantitative information is automatically 
collected and aggregated through an enterprise software and sent to 
a dedicated platform for data tracking and approval. With regard to the 
reporting period, no information on intellectual property, know-how or 
classified as sensitive are omitted, except for the reference value of 
the target relating to the Net Promoter Score. Furthermore, there are 
no errors (and related corrections) to report compared to the previous 
edition of the report. Where relevant, some information also relates to 
the  upstream and downstream value chain. This includes a materiality 
assessment of impacts, risks and opportunities (IROs) along the value 
chain (  Materiality assessment, management of impacts, risks and 
opportunities). Any IRO with an effect on the value chain is indicated 
both in the materiality section and in the reference disclosure of the 
specific topic. When policies, targets, actions, or metrics also refer to 
value chain actors, this is indicated in the reference section. 
POLICIES: CODE OF ETHICS AND 
REGULATORY SYSTEM
The 
 Code of Ethics, updated in 2020, expresses the corporate 
values that characterise the commitment of Eni’s people and all third 
parties working with the company: integrity, respect and protection of 
human rights, transparency, promotion of development, operational 
excellence, innovation, team work and collaboration. These values 
support the company in defining the appropriate administration 
and control structure, in adopting an effective internal control and 
risk management system and in communicating with shareholders 
and other stakeholders. Together with these values, the Code of 
Ethics contains general principles and concrete rules of conduct, 
which provide practical guidance in business operations, addressing 
members of the corporate Bodies of Administration and Control and 
employees of Eni and its subsidiaries, and all third parties, such as 
suppliers, commercial and industrial partners (the document has 
been drawn up taking into account their perspectives). The document 
also underlines Eni’s commitment to respect Human Rights in its 
activities and those of its business partners, in line with the United 
Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, the OECD 
(190)  In the case of engagement of external stakeholders, these are made explicit, where relevant.
(191) The Process Owner is responsible for the design and relative adequacy over time of the regulatory instruments under his or her responsibility. The ECG Process Owner approves 
the application modalities of the ECG Policies and related Global Procedures, Company Procedures of Eni SpA and Professional Operating Instructions; the Process Owner approves the 
process MSGs and related Global Procedures, Eni SpA Company Procedures and Professional Operating Instructions. The Process Owner evaluates the waiver requestsmade by the 
subsidiaries. Where the role of Process Owner is assigned to more than one person, competent for processes/issues Ethics, Compliance & Governance, a Process Owner Committee is 
established. The table below refers to Process Owners as responsible for the functions mentioned.
Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises as well as in compliance 
with the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights. Other 
references considered are the SDGs and the Paris Pledge; for a 
widespread understanding, the Code is disseminated and promoted 
through various actions, including specific training and translation into 
the languages of the Countries in which Eni operates. The updated 
version of the document is available on the websites and intranets of 
Eni SpA and its subsidiaries. The Code of Ethics was drawn up with 
the involvement of management and was approved by the Board of 
Directors of Eni SpA, on the proposal of the CEO in agreement with 
the Chairman, after having heard the opinion of the Board of Statutory 
Auditors and the Control and Risk Committee. The Code of Ethics 
is a reference for  The Regulatory System, the various elements of 
which are referred to in the Policies section of the thematic chapters. 
In particular, three basic types of documents are cited whose 
characteristics190 are: 
i.	 ECG (Ethics Compliance and Governance) Policy: these are public 
documents (with the exception of the Policy ECG Privacy and Data 
Protection), applicable to Eni SpA and its subsidiaries; and whose 
“Fundamental Guidelines” are approved by the Board of Directors of 
Eni SpA while the “Application Methods” are approved by the Process 
Owner191, who is responsible for the design and its adequacy over 
time, while the management and all Eni's people are required to 
apply the regulations and implement initiatives to prevent and detect 
irregularities and/or fraudulent acts. In addition, the Assurance 
Providers (i.e. the 2nd and 3rd level of control corporate functions 
as identified by the ENRICH - Eni Risk and Internal Control Holistic 
framework - such as, for example, Integrated Compliance, Internal 
Audit, Integrated Risk Management, etc.) support the Process 
Owner both in the identification and assessment of the main risks, 
and in the definition and implementation of adequate management 
systems for these and to they monitor, on a competence basis, the 
adequacy and operativeness of the controls put in place to monitor 
the main risks. 
ii.	 Public positioning: these are public corporate positions on 
specific issues, proposed by the relevant Process Owners, with 
the approval of the CEO or Board of Directors.
iii.	Management System guidelines: these are documents that are 
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part of the Regulatory System (of which the MSG “Anti-Corruption” 
and the Annex “whistleblowing reports management received by Eni 
SpA and by its Subsidiaries“ are public), applicable to Eni SpA and 
its subsidiaries, whose approval is the responsibility of the Process 
(192)  With the exception of the “Anti-Corruption” MSG which is approved by the Board of Directors of Eni SpA and the Annex “ whistleblowing reports management received by Eni SpA 
and by its Subsidiaries” approved by the Board of Statutory Auditors of Eni SpA as Audit Committee pursuant to SOA regulations.
Owner192, and drawn up through the engagement of all internal 
stakeholders, in accordance with the aspects of competence. 
	
The references of the regulatory documents and placements 
cited in the Sustainability Statement are shown below:
POLICY AND INTERNAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 
ECG Policy Respect for  
Human Rights in Eni
(S1, S2, S3, S4, G1)
References: United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, International Labour Organization Guidelines, Universal Declaration of Human 
Rights, United Nations (UN) and OECD Guidelines; principles of the UN Global Compact and the International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Principles 
on Environmental and Social Sustainability, ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention and UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; Voluntary 
Principles on Security and Human Rights and Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials of the UN. 
Policy ECG Privacy  
and data protection (S4)
References: Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of Personal Data and on the free movement of such 
data; Legislative Decree 196/2003 “Privacy Code”; Guidelines 07/2020 on the concepts of controller and processor in the GDPR.
Policy ECG Consumer 
Protection & Green Claims
(S4)
References: Directive 2005/29/EC concerning unfair commercial practices; Directive 2006/114/EC concerning misleading and comparative advertising; Directive 
(EU) 2019/2161 for better enforcement and modernisation of EU consumer protection rules; European Commission’s proposal for a Directive of 22 March 2023, 
so-called “Substantiating Green Claims".
Policy ECG  
Diversity & Inclusion (S1)
References: UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities, art. 27, 2006; UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against 
Women (CEDAW) of 1979; Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union; Women's Empowerment Principles (and GenderBased Violence and 
Harassment at Work Policy Template); Reference Practice UNI/PdR 125/2022. 
Policy ECG  
Zero Tolerance against  
violence and harassment  
in the workplace (S1)
References: International Labour Organization Convention no. 190 on the Elimination of Violence and Harassment in the Workplace, adopted in Geneva on 
June 21, 2019 during the 108th session of the General Conference of the same Organization; Recommendation No. 206 on the Elimination of Violence and 
Harassment in the Workplace; Law No. 4 of 15 January 2021 ratifying and implementing the International Labour Organization Convention No. 190 on the 
Elimination of Violence and Harassment in the Workplace. 
PUBLIC POSITIONS
Eni's positioning  
on the water (E3
Applicable to all companies operated by Eni, approved by the CEO and responsibility of the HSEQ Process Owner for operational management; References:  
Water Mandate, an initiative of the UN Secretariat, which Eni joined in 2019. 
Eni's positioning on  
Biodiversity and  
ecosystem services (E4)
Applicable to all Eni operating sites and provided to contractors and where, applicable, to suppliers (upstream value chain) in all Countries and throughout 
the projects lifecycle; Stakeholders consulted at corporate level and at site level for the drafting of the policy; References: Convention on Biological Diversity; 
approved by the CEO and responsibility of the biodiversity Process Owner for general supervision and of the HSEQ Process Owner for operational management.
Eni’s No-Go Commitment (E4)
Applicable to the Oil and gas exploration and development activities; Approved by the CEO. References: UNESCO World Heritage List.
Eni's position on biomass (E4)
Applicable to Eni SpA and its subsidiaries approved by a technical table. Eni is committed to collaborate with stakeholders and experts to improve its knowledge 
and ensure the implementation of the most advanced standards (with respect to the biomass used) within the company. References: 2030 targets of the Recast 
of the RED Directive (Directive 2018/2001).
Eni’s responsible engagement 
on climate change within 
business associations (G1)
Applicable to Eni SpA and its subsidiaries; Approved by Top Management.
Eni's position on conflict 
minerals (S2)
Applicable to Eni SpA and subsidiaries Responsibility of the Head of accounting and financial statements; References: Regulations of the Securities and 
Exchange Commission (SEC) of the United States. 
Supplier Code of Conduct  
(S2, G1) 
Applicable to Eni SpA and its subsidiaries; The responsibility for application is external to Eni, which supervises suppliers and carries out actions on those 
suppliers who demonstrate conduct that differs from that provided for by the supplier code of conduct; References: United Nations Guiding Principles on 
Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the Voluntary Principles on Security & Human Rights; a cluster 
of suppliers was involved for the drafting of the document.
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM GUIDELINE (MSG) AND ANNEXES
HSE and Annexes (E1, E2, E3, 
E4, E5, S1)
Applicable to Eni SpA and its subsidiaries; HSEQ Process Owner; References: CEO Water Mandate (public-private initiative launched by the UN in 2007); 
Aqueduct; ISO 14001:2015 standard; ISO 45001:2018; Directive 2008/98/EC; Legislative Decree 152/2006; Directive 2008/50/EC; Directive 2010/75/EC; UNI EN 
13725 standard; 50001:2011.
Human Resources (S1)
Applicable to Eni SpA and its subsidiaries; HR Process Owner References: International Labour Organization - ILO Tripartite Declaration; Privacy and Data 
Protection legislation
Commercial (S4)
Applicable to Eni SpA and its subsidiaries; Process Owner Gas Portfolio, Enilive Sales and Marketing, Versalis Business Unit, Retail Italian Market Plenitude.
Anti-Corruption  (G1)
Applicable to Eni SpA and its subsidiaries; Process Owner Integrated Compliance;  References: Italian anti-corruption law and anti-money laundering laws in 
force in the Countries of activity (including the United Nations Convention against Corruption, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 
Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the UK Bribery Act and 
Legislative Decree of June 8, 2001,  no. 231) and the best guidances and best practices on anti-corruption management systems.
Whistleblowing reports 
management received by Eni 
SpA and by its Subsidiaries 
(G1)
Applicable to Eni SpA and its subsidiaries; Process Owner Internal Audit; References: Directive (EU) 2019/19371 and its transposing laws, Sarbanes - Oxley Act 
of 2002.
MSG Health (S1)
Applicable to Eni SpA and its subsidiaries; Process Owner HealthReferences: ISO 14001:2015 standard
MSG Procurement (S2, G1)
Applicable to Eni SpA and its subsidiaries; Process Owner Procurement;References: Anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws in force in the Countries 
of activity; Applicable national and international regulations and instruments, guidelines and best practices that aim to prevent violations in the field of Human 
Rights (e.g. UNGPs, the OECD Guidelines and the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work).
Responsible and Sustainable 
enterprise (S3)
Applicable to Eni SpA and its subsidiaries; Process Owner Sustainability. References: International Bill of Human Rights; Declaration on Fundamental Principles 
and Rights at Work of the International Labour Organization (ILO); specific Conventions particularly inherent to Eni's activities, such as: Core Human Rights 
Treaties, or the subsequent international Treaties and related Protocols, as defined by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights; OECD Guidelines for 
Multinational Enterprises; IFC Performance Standard 1, 2, 5 and 7; ISO 26000 - Guide to Social Responsibility.
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ENERGY AND CLIMATE BOUNDARY
For the reporting of GHG emissions, the following reference boundaries are considered: 
i.	 boundary that includes Eni SpA, its subsidiaries, the significant leasing contracts, the share held in joint operations (incorporated and unincorporated), 
Operating companies (which have an accounting treatment similar to joint operations).
ii.	 an operated boundary, in line with industry practices, that includes Eni SpA, its subsidiaries, significant leasing contracts and considers 100% of the 
data from operated joint operations (incorporated and unincorporated) and 100% of the data from operated joint ventures and Associates.
iii.	 an "entity specific" equity boundary, which includes Eni SpA and all subsidiaries, joint arrangements and associates (operated and non-operated) 
accounted for its equity share. This boundary is used for the metrics underlying Eni's medium/long-term decarbonization targets.
Concerning energy data, the following are considered:
a.	 an operational control boundary, which includes Eni SpA, its subsidiaries, the relevant leasing contracts, 100% of the data from operated joint 
operations (incorporated  and unincorporated) and 100% of the data from operated joint venturess and associates;
b.	 an integration related to Eni share in non-operated joint operations and its share in operating companies.
In addition, there are some entity-specific indicators, connected to the strategy's targets, for which a boundary calculated in equity share of the upstream 
production is applied, in line with international and industry standards (GHG Protocol and IPIECA); joint ventures and associates are also included, 
according to equity share, in these indicators.
This boundary does not apply to the KPI of renewable installed capacity, calculated on an equity basis and which mainly refers to Plenitude.
As regards the data relating to carbon credits, the boundary is represented by the credits purchased by Eni SpA and its subsidiaries.
As regards the "patents and innovation" section, the data are reported considering Eni SpA and its subsidiaries consolidated on a line-by-line basis.
DATAPOINT
METHODOLOGY
CLIMATE CHANGE
Emissions  
& Data Collection  
Process
OPERATING BOUNDARIES AND ACCOUNTING METHODS: in line with regulatory references and with the main international 
standards (WBCSD/WRI GHG Protocol Initiative Standard and industry best practices), GHG emissions are reported for all 
relevant emission sources, considering the following gases: CO2, CH4, N2O [Other greenhouse gases (HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3), 
based on the analysis conducted on the available data, are not considered significant (in line with the O&G sector), as they 
weigh about 0.1% of the total GHG]. The conversion of emissions to CO2eq is carried out through the application of GWP – 100 
years, reported in the 6th Assessment Report of the IPCC (AR6 – 29.8 for CH4, 273 for N2O). Emissions are classified into direct 
(Scope 1), indirect Scope 2 (according to the location-based and market-based approach) and indirect Scope 3.
Data collection and reporting process, Quality Assurance/Quality Check and Internal Control System: Eni has implemented 
a process for collecting, accounting and reporting GHG emissions based on the following elements:
•	Specific procedures are applied for the collection of data in line with the Company's organisational structure, clearly iden-
tifying roles, responsibilities and reporting timing. Data is collected on a monthly/quarterly basis according to a bottom-up 
approach: GHG operators of sites and facilities within operational boundaries enter the data into Eni's centralized information 
system. Subsequently, this data is validated by the business lines and consolidated centrally, through Eni's internal rules and 
procedures aimed at ensuring the accuracy and consistency of emissions data.
•	Internal technical procedures have been implemented for the identification of material sources of GHG emissions and for 
the identification of common methodologies for the calculation of GHG emissions at the bottom-up level. The measurement, 
calculation and estimation methodologies are largely inspired by the WBCSD GHG PROTOCOL, IPIECA O&G Guidance and 
API Compendium. With regard to the level of uncertainty associated with activity data (consumption) and emission factors, 
appropriate measures are implemented, where possible, to minimise them, such as: (i) the application of regulated standards 
and the use of accredited laboratories for the analysis of the characteristics of fuels in order to determine the emission 
factors; (ii) the use of measuring instrumentation, calibrated and assessed periodically in accordance with international 
standards, for the accounting of energy consumption (activity data).
•	Centralized tools have been implemented to ensure a correct calculation of greenhouse gas emissions at the bottom-up 
level. The information tools are managed centrally in line with Eni's ICT procedures and are subject to periodic verification by 
third parties in order to ensure homogeneity in the calculation of emissions among all the companies included in the scope 
of consolidation (minimizing the risk of error), and proper management of users that have access to the systems, in line with 
the ICT procedures implemented by Eni.
•	Additional QA/QC tools are also adopted to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the data. In particular: (i) the scope of 
consolidation is subject to periodic review in order to verify the inclusion/exclusion criteria; (ii) periodic checks are carried out 
on the significant deviations of the data compared to the previous reporting period and the causes are formalized; (iii) checks 
are conducted relating to the interface between the various applications in which the data that contribute to the generation 
of the GHG emission data are managed; (iv) periodic internal audits are planned at various levels, which also cover data on 
GHG emissions.
The actions to support the verification of data quality are formalized as part of the internal control system which, in line with 
what has already been implemented for the financial information, is also extended to non-financial information. Finally, the 
robustness of accounting is guaranteed by the third-party certification processes on emission data.
Mt CO2eq. = mm tonnes CO2eq. = million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
kt CH4 = k tonnes CH4 = thousand tonnes of CO4
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DATAPOINT
METHODOLOGY
Direct Scope 1 
emissions
Scope 1 GHG emissions come from sources owned or controlled by the Eni Group, including: emissions associated with the 
generation of electricity necessary for operations (including those related to the export of electricity to Eni sites outside the 
reporting boundary), gas treatment and compression, and processing of petroleum products. Scope 1 GHG emissions are 
classified into the following categories: (i) Combustion and process: GHG emissions from stationary combustion, mobile 
sources, and industrial process operations; (ii) Flaring: GHG emissions from the controlled combustion of hydrocarbons 
in flaring. This type of source includes emissions deriving from routine flaring, non-routine flaring and emergency flaring 
(safety flaring); (iii) Venting: GHG emissions from venting in Oil and Gas exploration and production operations, electricity 
generation and gas transportation (e.g.: amount of CO2 and CH4 contained within unburned gases discharged through 
vent openings and reservoir CO2 associated with hydrocarbon extraction); (iv) Fugitive (CH4): Unintentional leaks in plants, 
equipment such as pumps, valves, compressor seals, etc. The calculation of emissions derives from the measurement/
estimation of activity data (e.g.: fuel consumed, electricity, distance traveled). Based on their physical origin, the data are 
taken from: (i) fuel meter records; (ii) utility bills, e.g. for electricity consumption; (iii) direct measurement (such as LDARs for 
fugitive emissions); (iv) other methods used in some Eni sites and facilities. The emission factors used are calculated con-
sidering the chemical composition of the gas or are derived from literature sources. In particular: (i) for installations falling 
within the scope of the Emissions Trading scheme, reference is made to EU-ETS Regulation 2018/2066: table of national 
standard parameters for the year 2024, revised and published by the Ministry for Ecological Transition, applied to: natural 
gas, LPG, refinery fuel gas, petroleum-derived gas, gas flare; (ii) for all other installations, the main literature references are 
the IPCC guidelines and the API Compendium of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Methodologies for the Oil and Natural Gas 
Industry 2009/2021 for CO2, CH4 and N2O. At Eni sites and facilities where an LDAR (Leak Detection and Repair Program) is 
in place, fugitive CH4 emissions are estimated, reported and monitored through periodic measurements. Emission factors 
are mainly derived from API or EPA standards (e.g. EPA Protocol No. 453) and emissions are expressed in tCO2eq./year. In 
sites where the LDAR program is not yet in place, fugitive emissions are estimated from the census of components (valves, 
flanges, etc.), or from the production of oil and gas, through standard emission factors (API Compendium). Biogenic Scope 
1 CO2 emissions are reported separately; they amount to 0.22 and 0.27 MtCO2eq. in 2023 and 2024 respectively and refer to 
biomass combustion and biomethane production processes in Eni installations.
The percentage of Scope 1 emissions covered by ETS schemes is calculated by considering Eni installations falling under 
the EU/UK ETS and emissions from Eni installations in Kazakhstan and Australia (Countries where an ETS scheme is in 
force). 
Volumes of  
hydrocarbons 
sent to flaring 
The indicator measures the volume of hydrocarbons sent to flare (flaring). In particular, a distinction is made between volumes 
of total hydrocarbons sent to flaring and volumes sent to routine flaring in the Upstream sector, which includes routine activities 
on wells, in gas/oil treatment plants, in compressor stations in case of excess gas.
Scope 2 indirect 
emissions
This category includes GHG emissions from the generation of electricity, steam, heating and cooling, purchased from third par-
ties and consumed by Eni. Emissions are reported according to the following approaches:
• Location Based – an approach based on the average energy mix of the Country from which third-party electricity is purchased; 
the reference source for Scope 2 emission factors from electricity purchases is the Emission Factors database, periodically 
published by the IEA, which reports Country-specific factors;
• Market Based – an approach based on specific data relating to the supply of electricity taking into account the share of re-
newable electricity, the residual mix of the Country and contractual instruments in their own right or in combination with supply 
contracts. Emissions associated with supplies from non-renewable sources, or not covered by guarantees of renewable origin, 
are calculated by applying, where available, emission coefficients relating to the specific supply, the residual mix or, in the absen-
ce of such information, the energy mix of the reference Country. The main reference source for residual mix emission factors is 
the AIB 2023 (Association of Issuing Bodies – European Residual Mixes) publication.
The emission factors used to calculate indirect emissions from steam purchases are derived from the API Compendium. Scope 
2 biogenic CO2 emissions are not estimated as they are considered not significant.
Indirect Scope 3 
emissions
This category includes GHG emissions related to Eni's value chain, which are not accounted for as Scope 1 or Scope 2 emissions. 
Based on the WBCSD/WRI GHG Protocol, the Corporate value chain (Scope 3) accounting and reporting standard and the IPIECA 
standard, indirect Scope 3 GHG emissions are classified into categories and reported on the basis of a significance analysis, 
in relation to Eni's activities. For the Oil & Gas Sector, the only category considered significant (~93% of the total) is the one 
related to the use of sold products (cat.11). For this category, emissions are estimated in accordance with the IPIECA (Net 
Volume Accounting) criterion, using Upstream equity hydrocarbon production as an asset figure, and assuming that the entire 
sold production of oil and natural gas is consumed during 2024. The calculation of emissions (through ISPRA emission factors) 
includes assumptions regarding the final destination of the products sold. The figure is assumed to be entirely calculated on the 
basis of data on primary activities (specifically data on sold production of hydrocarbons). The other categories are not reported 
as they are considered non-significant (7% of total Scope 3 emissions, equal to 195 MtCO2eq., of which ~1.2% Cat.1, ~1.2% 
Cat.10 and ~3% Cat.15). With regard to joint ventures, Associates, within or outside the value chain, only Scope 1 and 2 emissions 
were considered.
Biogenic CO2 Scope 3 emissions are estimated at approximately 2 and 3.1 MtCO2eq. in 2023 and 2024 and refer to the combustion 
of biofuels sold, and the combustion of biomethane injected into the grid, calculated on the basis of DEFRA factors.
Methane  
intensity
Upstream methane emission intensity: calculated as the ratio of direct methane emissions expressed in m3 of CH4 and the 
sold natural gas production of upstream assets.
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Other emission 
indicators 
Eni's Net Carbon Footprint: the indicator considers Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions of the activities operated by Eni or third 
parties, accounted for on an equity basis. The result is net of the use of high-quality carbon credits, mainly obtained from 
Natural Climate Solutions (NCS).
Net Carbon Footprint Upstream: the indicator considers Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions of the Upstream assets operated 
by Eni and third parties, accounted for on an equity basis. The result is net of the use of high-quality carbon credits, mainly 
obtained from NCS.
In 2024, the Global Warming Potential (GWP) coefficients for conversion to CO2 equivalent have been updated to the values 
published by IPCC AR6. The time series has been consistently revised.
Lifecycle  
Indicators 
Net GHG lifecycle emissions: the indicator refers to absolute Scope 1+2+3 GHG emissions associated with the supply 
chain of energy products sold by Eni, including both those deriving from its own production and those purchased from 
third parties, accounted for on an equity basis. The result is net of the use of high-quality carbon credits, mainly obtained 
from Natural Climate Solutions (NCS). Unlike Scope 3 (end-use) emissions, which Eni reports on the basis of Upstream 
production, the Net GHG Lifecycle Emissions indicator has a much broader reference domain, representing Scope 1, 2 and 
Scope 3 emissions referring to the entire supply chains of energy products sold by Eni, also including Scope 3 emissions 
associated with gas purchased from third parties and petroleum products sold by Eni.
Net carbon Intensity: the indicator is calculated as the ratio between Net GHG Lifecycle Emissions and the energy content 
of energy products sold by Eni, accounted for on an equity basis.
Installed  
capacity from 
renewables
The indicator measures the maximum capacity of electricity generation plants from renewable sources in Eni's share (wind, 
solar, wave and any other non-fossil source deriving from natural resources, excluding nuclear energy). The capacity is 
defined as installed when the plants are in operation or when the "mechanical completion" is reached, which represents the 
final phase of construction of the plant with the exception of the connection to the grid.
Biorefining 
Biorefining capacity: maximum authorized processing capacity at the Ecofining plant of each biorefinery.
Sold production of biofuels: the production of biorefineries is expressed in terms of HVO (Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil) 
according to the definition provided in the reference regulations and includes all the fractions of HVO that can be produced: 
diesel HVO, jet HVO, naphtha HVO and LPG HVO. For the classification of organic production, reference is made to the 
dedicated articles/paragraphs of the EU renewable directives (Renewable Energy Directive and related ones), and national 
transposition provisions (e.g. for Italy the implementing legislative decrees), for productions sold in Europe and to the EPA 
(Environmental Protection Agency of the USA, including Renewable Fuel Standard Program) provisions for productions sold 
in the United States.
Energy  
production  
from renewable 
sources
Electricity produced by the exploitation of a renewable source (wind, solar, wave and any other non-fossil source deriving 
from natural resources, excluding nuclear energy).
Carbon Credits
Certificates generated on a voluntary basis through an emission reduction or absorption/removal project. One carbon credit 
is equivalent to 1 metric ton of CO2 equivalent. Eni uses high-quality carbon credits, certified according to the highest 
international standards both for the climate change mitigation component (such as the Verified Carbon Standard - VCS) and 
for the contribution to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals - SDGs (such as the Sustainable Development 
Verified Impact Standard - SD VISta and Climate, Community and Biodiversity - CCB). 
For Eni's net decarbonization targets, receivables from projects supported by Eni and receivables from Plenitude customers 
(Eni's share) are considered. A portion of Plenitude customers'credits relate to gas consumption invoiced from October to 
December of the reporting year is estimated and will instead be offsetted by October of the following year.
Energy
Energy consumed: Eni's energy consumption balance is calculated as follows: (i) each of the energy vector is converted 
into TOE - (common unit of measurement) according to the appropriate conversion factors indicated at site/company 
level; (ii) for each energy carrier, Eni's consumption is then calculated as the sum of the production and import values 
from companies outside Eni's consolidation boundary, from which the export values to companies outside the Eni's 
consolidation boundary are then subtracted (for the purposes of calculating the Eni energy balance, the consolidation 
of the data takes place excluding internal exchanges between sites/companies of the group); (iii) the consumption of 
all the individual energy vectors is converted into MWh and their sum represents Eni's energy balance. In particular, the 
parameters considered are: (i) Total energy consumption (as the sum of Fossil energy consumption and Renewable 
energy consumption); (ii) Fossil energy consumption is given by the sum of Fuel consumption from natural oil and 
petroleum products, Fuel consumption from natural gases,  Consumption of fuel from other fossil resources and 
Consumption of electricity, heat, steam and cooling acquired or purchased from fossil sources; (iii) Renewable energy 
consumption is given by the sum of Fuel consumption from renewable sources, including biomass, Consumption 
of electricity, heat, steam and cooling acquired or purchased from renewable resources and Consumption of non-
combustible, self-produced renewable energy. The production of non-renewable energy is also represented, as the total 
production of primary sources.
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POLLUTION
Air emissions
NOx: total direct emissions of nitrogen oxides due to combustion processes with air. Including NOx emissions from flaring, sulfur 
recovery processes, FCC regeneration, etc., including NO and NO2 emissions, and excluding N2O. SOx: total direct emissions of 
sulphur oxides, including SO2 and SO3 emissions. NMVOCs: total direct emissions of hydrocarbons, substituted hydrocarbons 
and oxygenated hydrocarbons, which evaporate at room temperature. LPG is included and methane is excluded. PM: direct 
emissions of finely divided solid or liquid material suspended in gaseous streams. Standard emission factors. The data for these 
pollutants correspond to total emissions and not to those above the thresholds of the European E-PRTR regulation. 
Other E-PRTR pollutants: refer to the values of additional pollutants that have exceeded the emission threshold indicated in 
Annex II of Reg. 166/06 - EPRTR in at least 2 Eni sites in Europe, with data referring to 2023 only.
Reporting of emissions to air and water currently follows a combination of direct measurements, calculations and other 
estimation methods, favoring the use of measured data where available, in particular for sources subject to direct monitoring. 
For air emissions, which generally include conveyed emissions, governed by authorization requirements that require compliance 
with Emission Limit Values and, consequently, monitoring according to the regulations and the EU BREF standard on monitoring. 
Alternatively, emissions are estimated predominantly on the basis of fuel consumption data or fluxes sent for combustion, 
using appropriate emission factors. For non-conveyed emissions, in particular for Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds, 
estimates are derived from the results of leak detection and repair campaigns and the application of recognised algorithms, such 
as those used for diffuse emissions estimation.   
Emissions to 
water
In relation to pollutants in water discharges, final discharges are subject to monitoring according to authorisation requirements 
and derive from measurements carried out with certified sampling and analysis methods. With regard to contaminants emitted 
into water, at each Eni site, there is a discharge sampling plan which, unless otherwise indicated by specific authorisations or 
operational and control requirements, provides for analyses for significant and typical parameters for each discharge point, 
carried out in compliance with existing regulations and methodologies or company guidelines.
Other E-PRTR pollutants: the values of additional pollutants that exceeded the applicable emission threshold indicated in 
Annex II of Reg. 166/06 - EPRTR in at least 2 Eni sites are also reported, with data referring to 2023 only.
In line with the requirements of ESRS E2-4, the annual quantities of additional pollutants emitted respectively into the air and 
into water from sites that have exceeded the applicable emission threshold indicated in Annex II of Reg. 166/06 - EPRTR are 
reported.
Spill
Oil spill: spill from primary or secondary containment into the environment of oil or petroleum derivatives from refining or 
petroleum waste occurring during operational activity or as a result of acts of sabotage, theft and vandalism. For oil spills from 
sabotage, the timing of the closure of some investigations and subsequent recording of the data may be extended due to the 
duration of the investigations themselves. The volumes spilled are estimated, by Eni's various operating entities, using specific 
calculation models and according to the operating parameters monitored. It should be noted that the events reported in this 
document are only those that have resulted in spills greater than 1 barrel.
Chemical spill: Spillage of a process or service chemical product that is hazardous to humans or the environment, including 
drilling fluids or NADFs, excluding crude oil products or refining derivatives and petroleum waste, occurring during normal 
operating activities. The volumes spilled are estimated by Eni's various operating entities using specific calculation models and 
according to the operating parameters monitored.
WATER RESOURCES
Water 
Total water withdrawals: sum of seawater, fresh water (from surface water, aqueduct and subsoil), brackish water, industrial 
water from third parties, including steam and condensate, rainwater used in the industrial cycle, from GTP (groundwater treatment 
plant)  and any other water flow entering the site and used in the industrial cycle. 
Total water consumption: difference between incoming and outgoing water, attributable to evaporation, water associated with 
products and treatments (e.g. sludge from water treatment plants) and uncontrolled leaks (e.g. leaks from the distribution 
network). In addition to the water withdrawn, unused rainwater and any other incoming water flow, even if not used in the industrial 
cycle, contribute to the flows entering the site. At the exit from the site, both water discharges through sewerage, treatment plant, 
tanker truck or any other method whose final recipient is the environment, and flows destined to third party users, such as demi/
industrial water or steam, are counted. Wastewater destined to evaporative basins or discharged into deep geological formations 
contributes to consumption.
Total water discharges: sum of seawater discharged and fresh water discharged or sold to third parties. Direct measurement 
using flow meters; calculation as the sum of discharges to all the different destinations.
Recycled or reused fresh water: water that has already been used for industrial use for the first time, reused one or more times 
in the production cycle/industrial site before discharge, after any treatment. The quantity indicated takes into account both the 
volumes used and the number of times this quantity is used.
Percentage of fresh water recycled or reused: percentage of fresh water recycled or reused compared to the sum of fresh water 
recycled or reused and fresh water withdrawn.
Reinjected production water: formation or stratum water associated with the extracted oil and produced with it (onshore and 
offshore), re-injected (EOR) or injected for disposal purposes.
Mm3 = mmcm
ENVIRONMENTAL BOUNDARY  
For information related to the other environmental standards (E2, E3, E4, E5), the following boundaries apply: (i) an operational control boundary, which 
includes Eni SpA, its subsidiaries, the relevant leasing contracts, 100% of the data from the operated joint operations (incorporated and unincorporated) 
and 100% of the data from operated joint ventures and associates; (ii) an integration relating to Eni share in non-operated joint operations and its share 
in the operating companies. The expenses (CapEx and OpEx) reported for all environmental data refer to Eni operated boundary.  
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Type of water
Seawater: water with a total dissolved solids (TDS) content greater than or equal to 30,000 mg/l. 
Brackish water: water with a maximum total dissolved solids (TDS) content between 2,000 mg/l and 30,000 mg/l.
Fresh water: water with a maximum total dissolved solids (TDS) content of 2,000 mg/l. 
Water from GTP: represents the share of polluted groundwater treated and reused in the production cycle.
The estimation of volumes is carried out by direct measurement using flowmeters; other approaches involve estimating the 
capacity of the pumps and operating time (e.g. for seawater) or volumes are estimated on the basis of billed consumption. It 
is specified that this stream is included in the calculation of fresh water withdrawals when present.
BIODIVERSITY
Overlapping area
Number of sites overlapping with protected areas and Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs): operational sites in Italy and abroad, 
which are located within (even partially) the boundaries of one or more protected areas or KBAs (at the end of the year).
Number of sites "adjacent" to protected areas and Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs): operation sites in Italy and abroad that, 
although located outside the boundaries of protected areas or KBAs, are less than 1 km away (at the end of the year).
Number of Upstream concessions "overlapping" with protected areas and Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs): active national 
and international operated concessions, under development or in production, overlapping one or more protected areas 
or KBAs, where development/production operations (wells, sealines, pipelines and onshore and offshore installations, as 
documented in the Company GIS geodatabase) are located within the intersection zone.
Number of Upstream concessions "adjacent" to protected areas or Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs): active national and 
international operated concessions, under development or in production, overlapping one or more protected areas or 
KBAs, where development/production operations (wells, sealines, pipelines and onshore and offshore installations, as 
documented in the company's GIS geodatabase) are located outside the intersection zone.
Sources: World Database on Protected Areas WDPA, World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas WDKBA, data available 
through UNEP-WCMC (UN Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Center) Proteus Partnership 
membership. Limitations to be considered: (i) at the global level there is an overlap between the different databases of 
protected areas and KBAs, potentially leading to duplication in the analysis; (ii) although databases of protected or priority 
areas are updated, they may not be complete for every Country.
Area (hectares) of 
site/concession
To calculate the area of a site and its overlap with protected areas, the geographical data (the site and concession 
boundaries of interest) and the layers of the protected areas from official sources (WDPA, WDKBA) are imported in 
vector format (e.g. shapefile). It is then ensured that all the data are in the same spatial reference system. The site 
area is calculated (in hectares) using the GIS geometry functions. To determine the overlap with the protected areas, 
an intersection of the layers is made, measuring the overlapping area (in hectares) and, if relevant, expressing it as a 
percentage of the total site area.
RESOURCE USE AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Total waste
Sum of Waste: sum of Waste from production activities and Waste from remediation activities, with:
• waste from production activities: includes all waste deriving from activities related to production activities. This includes 
waste from drilling activities and construction sites, waste from the maintenance of plants, buildings and areas used 
to carry out production activities. Waste deriving from reclamation activities or in any case not related to production 
activities is excluded.
• waste from remediation activities: these include those from soil safety and remediation activities, demolitions and 
groundwater classified as waste. 
• non-recycled waste: the sum of those sent to landfill, incineration or other disposal.
• hazardous waste: classified according to local legislation and, where not available, on the basis of the references of the 
Basel Convention and by the European Commission Decision 2000/532/EC of May 3, 2000. 
The method of waste disposal is communicated to Eni by the person authorised for the activity. The weight of the waste 
produced and delivered can be measured or estimated, depending on the case; the difference between the waste produced 
and that sent for recovery/disposal can derive both from a change in the quantities in storage and from the fact that the 
weight of the waste produced must often be estimated, while that of the waste delivered can be more frequently detected 
at the exit of the site or at the destination plant. 
Recycled/recovered waste is defined as waste that is not intended for disposal.
The disclosure of recovery, divided between preparation for reuse, recycling and other recovery, is not available because 
the legal documents show the first operation to which the waste is subjected, which generally does not unequivocally 
relate to the aforementioned categories. Any detail would therefore be the result of estimates and strong approximations 
of poor quality.
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HUMAN RIGHTS FOR ENI
Severe Human 
Right Incidents 
Severe human rights incidents, dealt with in the various social chapters, were calculated on the basis of cases identified 
in 2024 through grievance mechanisms and whistleblowing reports. With regard to cases concerning Eni's workforce and 
workers in the value chain, reliable cases of forced labour, human trafficking, child labour and health and safety were 
considered. No grievances or relevant and reliable reports were received in the context of local communities or end 
consumers. For the purpose of progressively improving the quality and completeness of the data, the opportunity to extend 
the reference boundary will be evaluated for the next years. 
ENI'S WORKFORCE
Employees
The methodology used is that of the head count. Employment figures differ from those published in the Financial Report 
because they include only the companies consolidated on a line-by-line basis.
Permanent/fixed-term workers: a permanent or fixed-term employment relationship that takes place with the full ordinary 
duration of the service in accordance with the provisions of the law or collective labour agreements.
Full-time workers: employment relationship that takes place with the full ordinary duration of the service in accordance with 
the provisions of the law or collective labour agreements.
Permanent/fixed-term part-time workers: a permanent/fixed-term employment relationship that takes place with a reduced 
hourly duration compared to the ordinary duration provided for by law or collective bargaining agreements; they can be vertical, 
horizontal or mixed part-time contracts.
Turnover rate: ratio between the number of permanent employees who left the company in the reference year and the total 
number of permanent employees of the company in the year -1. 
Non-employees: refers to staff leased in Italy and abroad, calculated using the head count method. Self-employed workers 
who, having a contract for the supply of professional services as their basis, are considered among the suppliers and not 
included.
Average age of Eni's people: sum of the age of Eni employees worldwide in relation to the total number of employees worldwide.
Training hours
Hours used by employees of Eni SpA and its subsidiaries in the training courses managed by Eni Corporate University 
(classroom and distance) and in the activities carried out by Eni's Business/Company areas independently, also in on-the-
job training mode.
Average hours of training: total hours of training divided by the average number of employees in the year.
Human rights training: hours used by employees in dedicated courses.
Employees who have received human rights training: a percentage calculated as the ratio of the number of enrolled 
employees who have completed a training course to the total number of employees enrolled.
Total training expenses: total costs incurred for training activities designed and/or purchased both by Eni corporate 
University and Eni's Business/Companies areas for the benefit of employees.
Average spending on training for full-time employees: total spending on training divided by the average number of 
employees in the year.
Performance 
review 
Employees covered by performance evaluation tools: the percentage refers to the number of employees who have been 
assigned an objective sheet (with reference to middle managers and young graduates).
Employees covered by annual review: the percentage refers to the number of employees covered by annual review (the 
figure refers exclusively to managers, middle managers and young graduates divided between men and women).
Worked hours
Worked hours by employees or worked hours by contract staff, as the sum of contractual hours and overtime, net of 
holidays, absences due to illness and leave not recovered. For personnel operating on platforms and ships, the number of 
12 hours per day on board is conventionally assumed, as indicated by sector guidelines (IOGP), and for personnel operating 
on LNG carriers 24 hours are considered. In many companies, the KPI is calculated by attendance tracking systems. In 
the absence of more precise methods, the worked hours can be calculated for each worker on the basis of the weekly 
contractual hours.
Whistleblowing 
reports
Files of reports (assertions) relating to respect for human rights: relating to Eni SpA and its subsidiaries, closed during the 
year and relating to human rights; the number of allegations broken down by outcome of the investigation conducted on 
the reported facts (well-founded and unfounded/unascertainable/not applicable) is reported. Anonymous reports, by their 
nature, have not been taken into account for the purposes of calculating reports relating to employees.
SOCIAL BOUNDARY
For information relating to own workforce (other than information relating to safety), the boundary includes Eni SpA and its subsidiaries consoli-
dated on a line-by-line basis. For information related to safety, the following boundaries apply:
a.	 an operational control boundary, which includes Eni SpA, the subsidiaries consolidated on a line-by-line basis, 100% of the data of the operated 
joint operations (incorporated and unincorporated) and 100% of the data of operated joint ventures and associates;
b.	 a voluntary "Entity Specific" boundary in line with the data presented in previous sustainability reports, based on which targets are defined. 
Expenses (CapEx and OpEx) reported for safety data refer to the first view. With regards to data related to investments for local development, 
the scope includes Eni SpA, its subsidiaries, the entities under operational control, as well as some joint ventures in which Eni plays a significant 
role in the management of local stakeholders. With regard to the data referring to security, this includes both private security personnel who work 
contractually for Eni and personnel of the public Security Forces, military or civilian, who carry out, even indirectly, security activities and/or ope-
rations to protect Eni's people and assets. With regard to quantitative information relating to anti-corruption training and reporting files, the scope 
includes Eni SpA and its subsidiaries. 
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Parental leave
The rate of use of parental leave is calculated through the ratio between the number of people who used it during the year 
and the number of employees who are entitled to use parental leave (100% of Eni employees).
Industrial 
relations
The minimum notice period for operational changes is in line with the provisions of current laws and trade union agreements 
signed in the individual Countries in which Eni operates. Both in Italy and abroad, employees covered by collective bargaining 
are those employees whose employment relationship is governed by collective contracts or agreements, whether national, 
category, company or site, with the exclusion of individual agreements. For this indicator, tenured employees (companies 
with which the employee enters into the employment contract) are considered.
Remuneration 
and Wages
The Total Remuneration Ratio is calculated as the ratio of the highest paid employee in the organization and the median of 
other employees, globally, on fixed remuneration and overall remuneration which from 2024 includes benefits in kind and 
allowance.
The Gender Pay Gap is calculated as the difference between the average hourly wage of the male population and the 
average hourly wage of the female population divided by the average hourly wage of the male population; the hourly wage 
is obtained by dividing the annual wages of men and women by a conventional number of hours per year. The gender 
pay gap is calculated on fixed remuneration and overall remuneration, which from 2024 includes benefits in kind and 
allowances. 
Minimum wages are defined by law in the various Countries or, where not provided, by national collective agreements 
separately for each Country. They are calculated for the lowest salary category, i.e. with reference to the fixed and 
total remuneration of blue-collar level employees or, for Countries where Eni does not have blue-collars, white-collar 
employees. 
HEALTH AND SAFETY
Safety
Total Recordable Injuries: sum of Lost Time Injuries (LTI), Restricted Work Day cases (RWDC), and Medical Treatments (MTC).
TRIR: Total Recordable Injury Rate (numerator: number of total recordable injuries; denominator: worked hours in the same 
period). For better readability, the ratio is multiplied by 1,000,000.
Fatality index: index with the number of fatalities that occurred as the numerator and the worked hours in the same period 
as the denominator. For better readability, the ratio is multiplied by 100,000,000.
Near Miss: an incidental event whose origin, development and potential effect are of incidental nature, but differs from 
an accident only because the outcome was not harmful due to favourable and fortunate concurrences or mitigating 
intervention of technical and/or organizational protection systems. Incidental events that have not turned into incidents 
should therefore be considered as near misses.
For the assessment of accident KPIs, Eni implements and integrates, through its internal procedures, the IOGP guidelines 
on work-relatedness events, also taking into account the Country risk.
Contractors: all indicators relate to contractors/subcontractors or Technology Partners operating exclusively in contract 
mode 1 or 2 as defined below are considered: 
•	Mode 1: the contractor/subcontractor provides people, processes and/or equipment for the execution of the contract 
under the oversight, instructions and HSE Management System of Eni. The contractor has a management system to 
provide assurance that the personnel for whom it is responsible are qualified and fit for the work and that the processes, 
tools, materials and equipment they provide are properly maintained and suitable for the contract. This mode requires the 
contractor to report HSE performance data.
•	Mode 2: the contractor/subcontractor provides people, processes, equipment and/or facilities for the execution of the 
contract, as a main rule, under its own HSE Management System, providing the necessary instructions and oversight and 
verifying the proper functioning of its system. This mode requires interfacing or bridging with Eni management system and 
also reporting HSE performance data. Eni is responsible for assuring the overall effectiveness of the HSE management 
controls put in place by the contractor, including its interface with Subcontractors, and ensuring that both Eni’s and the 
contractor’s HSE Management Systems are compatible.
Health 
Number of cases of recordable occupational diseases in its workforce: number of reports of occupational diseases. 
Main types of diseases: the reports of suspected occupational diseases reported to the employer concern pathologies that 
may have a causal link with the occupational risk, as they may have been contracted in the exercise of work activities with 
prolonged exposure to risk agents present in the workplace. The risk can be caused by the processing or by the environment 
in which the work itself takes place. The main risk agents whose prolonged exposure can result in an occupational disease 
are: (i) chemical and carcinogenic agents (e.g. of diseases: neoplasms, diseases of the respiratory system, blood diseases); 
(ii) biological agents (e.g. of disease: malaria); (iii) physical agents (e.g. of disease: hearing loss). Other types of risk that can 
give rise to occupational diseases in the workplace are: (iv) ergonomic risks (e.g. of disease: musculoskeletal pathologies); 
(v) psychosocial risks (e.g. of disease: adjustment disorder). This list is in line with the ILO List of Occupational Diseases.
Number of reports of occupational disease filed by heirs: indicator used as a proxy for the number of deaths due to 
occupational diseases.
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Process safety 
incident
Loss of primary containment (unplanned or uncontrolled release of any material, including non-toxic and flammable 
materials) from a "process". Process safety incidents are classified, according to severity, into Tier 1 (most serious), Tier 2, 
Tier 3 (least severe).
LOCAL COMMUNITIES
Local  
Community  
Identification
Through the ESHIA studies, conducted before the start of business activities, the following are defined: the Area of 
influence, i.e. the area within which the project activities can potentially influence the resources/receptors and within which 
the potential impacts (both direct and indirect) must be assessed  and the Study Area that must be studied in the process, 
in order to understand and adequately characterize the reference scenario. In particular, in these studies conducted taking 
into account the different characteristics of business activities, both the communities that live or work near operations and 
those present in the areas of influence are mapped. 
Investments  
for local  
development
The indicator refers to Eni's share of expenditure on local development initiatives carried out by Eni in favour of the territory 
to promote community development in operational contexts. The figure refers to all Eni companies, including companies 
not operated by Eni.
Resettlement 
activities
With regard to any economic and physical displacement related to temporary or permanent involuntary resettlement, Eni 
fully adopts the IFC's performance standard number 5 in every development project carried out. 
Security
Security forces who have received training on human rights: the indicator includes both private security personnel who 
work contractually for Eni and public security forces, whether military or civilian, who carry out, even indirectly, security 
activities and/or operations to protect Eni's people and assets.
Security personnel who have received Human Rights training: ratio between the Number of Security Personnel (professional 
family) who have received Human Rights training and the total number of Security personnel (professional family).
Security contracts containing human rights clauses: percentage calculated as the ratio between the "Number of security 
and security concierge contracts with human rights clauses" and the "Total number of security and security concierge 
contracts".
Number of Countries with armed guards: the indicator relates to the number of Countries in which Eni has armed guards.
Grievance
The total number of grievances corresponds to the number of grievances received by the company from stakeholders.
The number of grievances resolved corresponds to the number of grievances for which the company and the complainant 
have agreed on a proposal for termination, regardless of the year in which the grievance was expressed.
DATAPOINT
METHODOLOGY
BUSINESS CONDUCT
Payment  
practices  
towards  
suppliers
The average payment time of suppliers is calculated with reference to Eni SpA and the subsidiaries whose payment 
activities of suppliers are carried out centrally by Eni SpA. The number of legal proceedings for late payments is recorded 
with reference to cases related to sums recognised and not disputed (on the merits and/or in their amount) by Eni to the 
supplier and pending in Italy; the information includes disputes pending in the reporting year, even if initiated previously 
or concluded during the year. The figure refers to proceedings concerning procurement contracts for the purchase of 
goods, the execution of works and the supply of services, within the framework of the internal regulatory and management 
framework on procurement (Management System Guidelines “Procurement”) and stipulated by Eni SpA and its Italian 
subsidiaries (see list), with the exception of the following companies,  for which the data is not currently available: Agenzia 
Giornalistica Italia SpA, Eni Gas Transport Services Srl, Eni Insurance SpA, Eni West Africa SpA. Enimoov SpA, Finproject 
SpA, Industria Siciliana Acido Phosforico - ISAF - SpA - in liquidazione, Mater-Agro Srl, Mater-Biotech SpA, Matrìca SpA, 
Novamont SpA, REWAVE S.r.l., SeaPad SpA, Tecnofilm SpA. The figure also includes disputes relating to contracts that are 
no longer active or expired in the reporting year. The Company is structuring a phased process that allows it to expand the 
scope of its analysis (and in particular the data required by ESRS G1-6 DP 33 a) and c)).
Anti-corruption/ 
Transparency
Audit interventions (with anti-corruption checks): audit activities that also include assessments of processes exposed to 
anti-corruption risks, as defined by the relevant Eni regulatory instruments.
Established corruption cases: final convictions relating to criminal proceedings for domestic and/or international corruption 
in which there has been a finding of corruption on the merits.
Countries with Eni's participation in EITI multi-stakeholder groups: Countries where Eni participates in EITI initiatives both 
directly and indirectly (at the level of trade associations) in the Multi-stakeholder Groups set up at local level.
BUSINESS CONDUCT BOUNDARY
With regard to audits with anti-corruption checks, reference is made to Eni SpA, directly or indirectly controlled companies (excluding listed companies 
with their own internal audit control), investee companies on the basis of specific agreements, and third parties considered to be at greater risk, where 
provided for in the relevant contracts entered into with Eni. With regards to the indicators related to suppliers involved in awareness, measurement and 
collaboration initiatives on ESG issues, the boundary of analysis refers to the scope covered by the MSG Procurement. As regards the data relating to 
cases of ascertained corruption also with reference to the ones that led to  layoffs or other measures, reference is made to Eni SpA and its subsidiaries. 
The figure relating to the average payment terms of suppliers is calculated with reference to Eni SpA and its subsidiaries for which the payment activities 
of suppliers are carried out centrally by Eni SpA. Finally, with regard to legal proceedings due to late payments still outstanding in the reporting year, the 
figure refers to Eni SpA and its Italian subsidiaries.
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DATAPOINT
METHODOLOGY
Suppliers
N° suppliers involved in awareness, measurement and collaboration initiatives on ESG issues: number of suppliers 
registered on the Open-es platform.
% of active contracts with suppliers involved in awareness, measurement and collaboration initiatives on ESG issues: 
Ratio between the total number of active contracts assigned to suppliers registered on Open-es and the total number of 
active contracts.
% of the value of active contracts with suppliers involved in ESG awareness, measurement and collaboration initiatives: 
Ratio between the total value of active contracts assigned to suppliers registered on Open-es and the total value of active 
contracts.
The metrics refer to the engagement activities carried out with suppliers managed as part of MSG-Procurement by Eni 
SpA and its subsidiaries. The supplies excluded from the scope of application are the ones outside the MSG Procurement: 
raw materials, semi-finished products, products for resale and relevant incidental accessories (including agency services); 
primary logistic services (transport and storage), transport on transit or interconnection networks (for instance oil 
pipelines, gas pipelines, dispatching networks); production process utilities (such as electricity, hydrogen); site services 
from/to companies situated on the same industrial site, aimed at ensuring the smooth operation of production activities; 
production services for semi-finished and finished products (for instance productive capacity); special products for 
processing of raw materials, semi-finished and finished products; carbon credits and similar instruments; exploration 
and production licences; financial services/products;  real estate properties (land and buildings including leases); non-
judicial legal and technical assignments in the framework of corporate law and/or corporate governance; notary services; 
insurance contracts; contracts to either brokers or insurance and reinsurance companies; contracts with commercial 
network operators; co-marketing agreements and commercial partnerships; registration and/or purchase of internet 
domains; consulting contracts with members of Journalists’ Association; contracts for the purchase of information and 
“data packages” relating to data connected with exploration activities (e.g. geophysical, geological data, etc.) and purchased 
directly from State Owned or Government Owned Agencies, or Licensed Companies/data owners, with the limitation to 
“bid-rounds” classified as urgent; assignments to advisors for merger & acquisition operations, project financing and capital 
market; assignments regarding consultancy on administrative-accounting/tax matters and assignments for providing 
juridical assistance in tax litigation; assignments strictly required to safeguard either health, security, environment or 
public safety in the event of emergencies, to be awarded directly by the company manager formally appointed as Employer; 
sponsorship contracts/agreements; contracts/agreements relating to non-profit initiatives; procurement of exhibition 
areas; technical consulting assignments either in the judicial or in the out of court framework; assignments to external 
lawyers; collaboration/cooperation agreements R&D; contracts in the R&D framework for the acquisition of licenses 
and patents by third-parties or for granting either the licence to use or the transfer and/or marketing Eni’s know-how; 
assignments in both the judicial and out-of-court frameworks, for technical and legal assistance regarding the subjects 
of employment, trade unions and social security; employment contracts and contracts with temporary agency workers, if 
required by local law; support services for job orientating activities, employer searching and branding; training activities 
(courses, seminars, workshops, conferences) provided by external entities at their offices and provided indistinctly to the 
public; contracts for the purchase of goods and security services; auditing assignments and other assignments strictly 
connected with auditing activities, excepted for the award of framework agreements approved by Eni SpA procurement 
function; contracts with external members of the Watch Structures; appointments to lawyers and professionals, individual 
or associates, for non-judicial specialized consulting services and for non-judicial consultancy, relevant to the Integrated 
Compliance Function; assignments related to regulatory issues.
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ANNEX TO EU TAXONOMY
1. Content of KPIs
1.1. SPECIFICATION OF KEY PERFORMANCE 
INDICATORS (KPIS)
1.1.1. KPI related to turnover (turnover KPI)
Eni Group’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in 
accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards 
“IFRS” as adopted by Commission Regulation (EC) 1126/2008.
In compliance with that, the Group turnover and the turnover relating 
to Taxonomy-aligned economic activities and to Taxonomy-eligible 
economic activities (not Taxonomy-Aligned activities) have been 
recognized pursuant to International Accounting Standard (IAS) 1, 
paragraph 82 a).
The 6.1% share of eligible and aligned turnover is calculated as the 
part of turnover derived from eligible or aligned economic activities 
(numerator) divided by total turnover (denominator). 
Eligible and aligned economic activities are described under 
paragraph 1.2.2. The denominator comprises the Sales from 
operations (Revenues) line from the Consolidated Statement of 
Income. 
A reconciliation is provided below:
TURNOVER
(€ mln)
Aligned activities
Eligible activities
Total Group
Revenues from contracts with customers
812
4,601
88,797
The proportion of turnover referred to in Article 8(2), point (a), of 
Regulation (EU) 2020/852 “turnover KPI” is calculated as the part 
of the turnover derived from products or services associated with 
Taxonomy-aligned economic activities (numerator), divided by the 
Group total turnover (denominator).
The Group turnover and the turnover of eligible and aligned economic 
activities are recognized net of the effects of commodity derivatives 
activated to manage the Group’s exposure to movements in the 
prices of energy commodities, which qualify and are designated as 
cash flow hedges due to the efficacy of the relationship between the 
instrument and the hedged item, whereby a cash flow is either paid 
or received at the delivery of the underlying commodity. The mark-
to-market of cash flow hedges relating to a forecast transaction are 
taken to other comprehensive income.
Other commodity derivatives utilized by the Group to manage 
exposure to the commodity risks, which lack the requirements to 
be recognized in accordance with the own use exemption or to be 
qualified as hedges in accordance with IFRS, are marked to market 
with gains or losses recognized through profit and loss in a separate 
line item from revenues. Such line item comprises the ineffective 
portion of cash flow hedges.
1.1.2. KPI related to capital expenditure 
(CapEx) (CapEx KPI)
Capital expenditure “CapEx” of the Eni Group and the “CapEx” relating 
to eligible economic activities and to aligned economic activities 
cover costs that are accounted based on: a) IAS 16 Property, Plant 
and Equipment, paragraphs 73, e), point i) and point iii); b) IAS 38 
Intangible Assets, paragraph 118, e), point i); c ) IFRS 16 Leases, 
paragraph 53, point h).
CapEx also covers additions to tangible and intangible assets 
resulting from business combinations.
The Group does not engage in economic activities that are recognized 
in accordance with IAS 40 and IAS 41.
The 10.6% share of CapEx of eligible and aligned economic 
activities is calculated as the part of CapEx derived from eligible 
or aligned economic activities (numerator) divided by total Group 
CapEx (denominator). Eligible and aligned economic activities 
are described under paragraph 1.2.2. The denominator comprises 
additions recognized in the financial year to the following line items 
of the Group’s assets reported in the Group statement of financial 
positions at December 31, 2024: “Property, plant and equipment”, 
“Intangible assets” and “Right of Use” as disclosed under footnotes 
no. 12, 13 and 14 to the Group consolidated financial statements, 
as well as the portion of purchase price allocated to PP&E and 
intangible assets with definite useful lives as part of the business 
combinations closed in the financial year.
Costs incurred to purchase plant and equipment from suppliers 
whose payment terms matched classification as financing 
payables, have been recognized among additions to PP&E and are 
included in the denominator and, when applicable, in the numerator 
of the CapEx KPI. 
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The 15.9% share of eligible and aligned operating expenditure 
“OpEx” is calculated as the part of OpEx relating to eligible or aligned 
economic activities (numerator) divided by the Group total Opex 
(denominator). Eligible and aligned economic activities are described 
under paragraph 1.2.2. 
A reconciliation is provided below:
CAPEX
(€ mln)
Aligned activities
Eligible activities
Total Group
Additions to tangibles and intangibles assets 
980
388
8,485
Goodwill purchased
33
Additions to rights to use leased assets
11
13
2,114
Acquisitions/Change in the scope of consolidation
116
2,731
Other investment
115
18
2,172
Less
 
Goodwill purchased
(33)
Total Capex
1,222
419
15,502
OPEX
(€ mln)
Aligned activities
Eligible activities
Total Group
Costs of R&D expensed through profit and loss
12
36
178
Operating expenses
270
367
4,131
Total Opex
282
403
4,309
The proportion of OpEx referred to in Article 8(2), point (b), of 
Regulation (EU) 2020/852 “OpEx KPI” is calculated as the Opex of 
aligned economic activities (numerator) divided by the Group total 
OpEX denominator as specified in points 1.1.3.1. and 1.1.3.2. of 
Annex I to Commission Delegated Regulation (Eu) 2021/2178.
1.2. SPECIFICATION OF DISCLOSURES 
ACCOMPANYING THE KPIS OF NON-FINANCIAL 
UNDERTAKINGS
1.2.1. Accounting policy
Economic and financial data relating to Eni’s eligible and aligned 
economic activities for calculating the Taxonomy’s KPIs and 
proportion of eligible turnover, capex and opex, have been 
extracted from the Group accounting systems, the general ledger 
and the management accounting systems, which are used to 
prepare the separate financial statements of each consolidated 
subsidiary undertakings, mostly of which are in accordance with 
IFRS. Data extracted from separate financial statements are 
adjusted to align with the IFRS utilized in the preparation of the 
Group consolidated financial statements and for the consolidation 
transactions (intercompany sales and purchases, elimination of 
unrealized profit, etc.) to calculate Eni’s Taxonomy KPIs and the 
eligible turnover, capex and opex proportion. 
Therefore, data of turnover, OpEx and CapEx relating to Eni Group’s 
aligned and eligible economic activities utilized in calculating the 
A reconciliation is provided below:
The proportion of CapEx referred to in Article 8(2), point (b), of 
Regulation (EU) 2020/852 “CapEx KPI” is calculated as the part of 
CapEx relating to aligned economic activities (numerator) divided by 
the Group total CapEx (denominator) as specified in points 1.1.2.1. 
and 1.1.2.2. of Annex I to Commission Delegated Regulation (Eu) 
2021/2178.
1.1.3. KPI related to operating expenditure (OpEx) (OpEx KPI)
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Taxonomy KPIs and the proportion of eligible activities are the same 
the Group used in preparing the consolidated financial statements.
In the case of mono-business consolidated subsidiary undertakings 
performing a given eligible activity, relevant economic and financial 
data for the calculation of the Group eligible proportions have been 
extracted from the general ledger and the financial accounting to 
retrieve amounts of revenues, operating expenditures, additions 
to property, plant and equipment (PP&E) and intangible assets, 
additions to the right-of-use and additions to PP&E and intangibles 
resulting from business combinations. In case of multi-business 
subsidiary undertakings, relevant data for calculating the Group 
eligible proportions have been derived also from the systems of 
managerial accounting that splits the accounts of the financial 
system and allocates revenues and cost amounts to different 
reporting objects: profit centers which correspond to business 
units, product lines which can share common costs, plants, 
capital projects, cost centers, etcetera, to support management’s 
understanding of the drivers of the financial performance and cost 
control.
Such structure of accounting flows, which is employed in preparing 
the Group consolidated financial statements, ensure that turnover, 
OpEx and CapEx are recognized by the economic activity where 
the underlying transactions occur, by this way avoiding double 
counting. This is explained by evidence that amounts recognized 
or allocated by the managerial accounting system are reconciled 
with the accounting system and the general ledger. Common costs 
are apportioned to different reporting objectives and economic 
activities based on disaggregation criteria that reflect how common 
inputs are absorbed.
Operating costs of Eni Group's companies to define the proportion 
of the opex of aligned and eligible activities to the Group total were 
determined on the basis of the managerial accounting system and 
Eni’s control model of fixed costs which, starting from accounting 
data relating to purchases of goods and materials, services, labour 
costs and other charges, excludes raw materials costs, industrial 
plant variable costs and costs of products for resale and aggregates 
the remaining cost items in relation to the different measurement 
and control stages in the manufacturing/sale process:
•	fixed industrial costs which include the labor costs for personnel 
involved in the maintenance, operation and servicing of industrial 
plants, third-party services (mainly maintenance contracted to 
third parties), general plant costs, consumables (spare parts) and 
include energy efficiency actions at buildings and other properties, 
as well as the purchase of outputs from aligned activities to 
achieve CO2 emission reductions;
•	non-capitalised research & development costs;
•	commercial & marketing fixed costs;
•	general and administrative costs.
For the purposes of reporting obligations, management has identified 
industrial fixed costs and non-capitalised R&D costs as the aggregate 
“opex” operating expenses corresponding to the definition of the 
denominator adopted by the Delegated Regulation on reporting.
In line with the provisions, the opex incurred to purchase enabling 
products or in relation to enabling manufacturing processes have 
been claimed by the economic activities carried out by Eni in 
compliance with Art. 16 of the Taxonomy Regulation so that do not 
lead to a lock-in of assets that undermine long-term environmental 
goals, considering their economic lives. In this context, the opex 
incurred by the E&P sector to increase energy efficiency/reduce 
CO2 emissions at oil & gas plants were excluded. This principle has 
also been applied to capex.
1.2.2. Assessment of compliance with 
Regulation (EU) 2020/852
1.2.2.1. INFORMATION ON ASSESSMENT OF 
COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATION (EU) 2020/852
Eni’s eligible activities for purpose of assessing their substantial 
contribution to the objective of climate change mitigation are: 
•	3.14 manufacture of organic basic chemicals: production of 
monomers and other basic chemicals;
•	3.17 manufacture of plastics in primary form: production of 
polyethylene and styrene’s obtained by processing monomers 
and production of resins and plastics from renewable feedstock;
•	4.1 electricity generation using solar photovoltaic technology: 
photovoltaic installations are managed by the Group subsidiary 
Plenitude and are located mainly in Italy, Spain, USA, Australia, 
Kazakhstan and France;
•	4.3 electricity generation from wind power: the production is 
obtained from onshore windmills that are managed by the 
Group subsidiary Plenitude and are located mainly in Italy, Spain, 
Kazakhstan;
•	4.8 electricity generation from bioenergy: production of electricity 
in installations with a total rated thermal input below 2 MW and 
using gaseous biomass fuels;
•	4.10 development of energy storage facilities in Italy and the 
United States;
•	4.13 manufacture of biogas and biofuels for use in transport and 
of bioliquids: production of biofuels by means of hydrogenating 
bio-feedstock or waste organic materials. The manufactured 
product is a hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) that can be used 
as pure fuel or blended with fossil fuels to obtain a reduction 
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in emitted CO2 from combustion. This activity is performed at 
the biorefinery of Gela (Sicily) and Venice with total production 
capacity of 1.1 mln tons/y;
•	4.20 cogeneration of heat/cool and power from bioenergy: 
production of steam and electricity by means of cogeneration, 
utilizing forestry biomass at the Crescentino plant (Italy);
•	5.3-5.4 construction, extension and operation of wastewater 
collection, treatment and supply systems and renewal of 
wastewater collection, treatment and supply system;
•	5.7-5.8 anaerobic digestion of biowaste: anaerobic digestion, 
biogas production and subsequent cogeneration for electricity 
production, as well as compost, at the Po’ Energia Srl plant 
from organic fraction coming from the separate collection 
of municipal waste, as well as production of compost. Those 
activities are also eligible for the objective of circular economy 
(2.5 recovery of organic waste through anaerobic digestion or 
composting);
•	5.12 underground permanent geological storage of CO2: this 
activity leverages depleted reservoirs operated by Eni. The 
main ongoing projects are the HyNet hub in UK to upgrade Eni’s 
depleted reservoirs in the Liverpool bay to permanently store CO2 
emitted by local businesses in hard-to-abate industries and the 
Ravenna hub, off Italy;
•	6.5 transport by motorbikes, cars and light commercial vehicles: 
Enjoy rental service based on the “free floating” model with 
collection and release of the vehicle at any point within the area 
covered by the service. The fleet consists of internal combustion, 
hybrid and electric vehicles;
•	6.15 infrastructure enabling low carbon road transport and public 
transport: this activity comprises construction, maintenance, and 
operations of electric charging points for EV, and is performed by 
Eni’s subsidiary Plenitude.
The above-mentioned activities are also eligible for the objective of 
climate change adaptation. However, the Group does not engage 
in economic activities that manufacture productions and solutions 
for climate change adaptation. Therefore, the objective of climate 
change adaptation has been assessed as far as necessary to verify 
that each of Eni’s eligible economic activities does not significantly 
harm any of the objectives of the Taxonomy, in compliance with art. 
3 of regulation (UE) 2020/852.
Group economic activities eligible for the environmental objectives 
of DA 2023/2486 are immaterial.
As a result of the verification of the TSC for each eligible economic 
activity, Eni has assessed, as of the reference date of this Annual 
Financial Report, including the CSRD statement, that the following 
activities are aligned with the Taxonomy as they make a substantial 
contribution to achieving the climate change mitigation objective 
are in compliance with the DNSH criteria.
3.17. MANUFACTURE OF PLASTICS IN PRIMARY 
FORM
The economic activity includes: (i) production of resins, especially 
biodegradable and compostable polyesters and copolyesters, 
derived in whole or in part from renewable raw materials; (ii) 
production of biodegradable and compostable plastics, i.e., blends 
of resins derived in whole or in part from renewable raw materials. 
These production lines belong to Novamont, whose control was 
acquired in the fourth quarter of 2023.
The economic activity “Manufacture of plastics in primary form ” 
is a transitional activity as of Article 10, paragraph 2, of Regulation 
(EU) 2020/852 if it meets the technical screening criteria described 
at the point 3.17 of Regulation (EU) 2021/2139.
Substantial contribution to climate change 
mitigation
For the assessment of substantial contribution to climate change 
mitigation, criterion c) related to activity 3.17 as stated in EU 
Regulation 2021/2139 was applied, as follows: c) derived in whole 
or in part from renewable raw materials, and the greenhouse gas 
emissions over their life cycle are lower than the greenhouse gas 
emissions in the life cycle of equivalent primary form plastics 
manufactured from fossil fuels. Greenhouse gas emissions over 
the life cycle are calculated using Recommendation 2013/179/
EU or, alternatively, ISO 14067:2018 or ISO 14064-1:2018. 
Greenhouse gas emissions quantified over the life cycle are 
verified by an independent third party. Agricultural biomass used 
for manufacturing of plastics in primary form meets the criteria of 
Article 29, paragraphs 2 to 5, of Directive (EU) 2018/2001. Forest 
biomass used for manufacturing of plastics in primary form meets 
the criteria of Article 29, paragraphs 6 to 7, of the same directive.
In this context, chemicals derived from hydrocarbons were identified 
as equivalent to resins and plastics derived in whole or in part 
from renewable raw materials. These equivalent chemicals were 
identified considering chemical equivalence in terms of composition 
and equivalence in the chemical family. For both product lines, the 
hydrocarbon-derived equivalent is PBAT. Subsequently, emissions 
from Novamont’s activity and the hydrocarbon equivalent were 
calculated based on the Life Cycle Thinking methodology, which 
includes all stages of their respective supply chains (procurement, 
processing, transportation, and disposal). This analysis confirmed 
compliance with the stated criterion “c” of the Taxonomy.
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Do No Significant Harm (“DNSH”)
Climate change adaptation
The Group has performed a risk assessment of the exposure 
of all aligned activities to acute and chronic weather events as 
required by Appendix “A” to the Climate Delegated Regulation 
based on the Company’s methodology described herein.
The management has assessed the risk of exposure of the 
Group’s assets to climate-related acute and chronic hazards, 
following the guidelines of Appendix A to the Climate Delegated 
Regulation, setting generic criteria for DNSH to climate change 
adaptation.
The Group has put in place management control systems and 
procedures to identify, evaluate and mitigate physical climate 
risks, which the Company defines as the risk that potential 
perspective changes in meteorological patterns, extreme 
weather phenomena and gradual changes in weather conditions 
and in the physical environment linked to climate change may 
adversely and significantly affect assets’ future performance, 
safety of operations and future expected cash flows, so to 
significantly harm the objective of climate change adaptation.
The management regularly reviews the exposure of the Group’s 
assets to the acute and chronic climate-related hazards 
described in the above-mentioned Appendix A and other natural 
hazards based on a proprietary methodology to identify physical 
climate risks over a long-term horizon. The purpose of this risk 
assessment is to define and execute mitigation plans designated 
to adapt the Group assets to current or expected risks, 
considering the already existing barriers at each Company’s 
asset. This assessment considers various timing horizons based 
on assets’ useful lives (about thirty years for solar installation, 
wind mills and biorefineries, whereas recharging points for EV 
have seven years of useful live).
Eni’s assessment methodology of assets’ exposure to natural 
hazards features the following steps:
•	it utilizes input data furnished by an external provider, which 
has elaborated detailed geographic maps of prospective 
climate-related risks ensuring a full coverage of onshore and 
offshore areas where Eni’s assets are located. Those climate 
maps combine the most updated climate forecast models, 
also incorporating historical weather patterns, to provide 
expected quantitative trends in the evolution of climate-related 
events (like expected number of days with temperatures above 
or below historical averages, wind strength, rain intensity, 
etcetera);
•	it develops a stress test of the current asset portfolio, without 
limiting to assets’ residual useful lives, to evaluate the potential, 
perspective exposure to climate-related risks till 2050;
•	it is performed yearly, and it will undergo continuous improvement 
based on the experience that will be accumulated over time, as well 
as the evolution in the framework on how to identify and measure 
climate-related risks;
•	it utilizes the IPCC SSP5 -  8.5 scenario to project the expected 
future climate-related trends and hazards in each geographical 
maps;
•	it utilizes the geographic coordinates of each Company’s asset 
(longitude and latitude) to locate it in a given quadrant (each with an 
area of one square kilometer) as defined by the external provider to 
recognize the climate-related risks, which each asset is potentially 
exposed to over a thirty-year horizon based on the adopted climate 
scenario;
•	it considers in the risk-evaluating process also third-party 
assets and assets of the supply chain, where relevant to a full 
understanding of the risks which each Eni’s asset is exposed to.
	 Once climate-related hazards have been identified and classified, 
the management evaluates each asset’s existing barriers or factors 
both physical ones (structural characteristics of an asset design, 
materials used in its construction, distance from the sources of 
possible hazards, containment walls, hydraulic barriers, etc.) and 
systems and procedures (early warning systems, procedures to 
put in safety plants and equipment, existence of monitoring and 
verification plans, etc.).
The outcome of that review informs the management of the residual 
riskand:
•	in case of chronic climate-related hazards, monitoring activities 
are designed, planned, and carried out leading to the possible 
implementation and follow-up of remediation measures;
•	in case of acute climate-related hazards, asset integrity process 
is activated which can lead to the definition and activation of an 
adaptation plan.
Based on the assessment of this activity’s exposure to climate-
related hazards following the methodology and procedures 
described herein, the management has concluded that the 
Company’s assets are not exposed to any significant physical 
climate risk considering the facilities residual useful lives and 
assets features and barriers. Therefore, this activity does not 
significantly harm the objective of climate change adaptation.
Other objectives
No violations of the DNSH principle were found in relation to the 
other objectives.
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4.1. ELECTRICITY GENERATION USING SOLAR 
PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY
Substantial contribution to climate change 
mitigation
The activity generates electricity using solar PV technology.
Do no significant harm (“DNSH”)
Climate change adaptation
The Group has performed a risk assessment of the activity’s 
exposure to chronic and acute climate-related hazards based 
on the methodology described under paragraph 3.17 and has 
concluded that this activity is adapted to climate change.
Other objectives
No violations of the DNSH principle were found in relation to the 
other objectives.
4.3. ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM WIND 
POWER
Substantial contribution to climate change 
mitigation
The activity generates electricity from wind power.
Do no significant harm (“DNSH”)
Climate change adaptation
The Group has performed a risk assessment of the activity’s 
exposure to chronic and acute climate-related hazards based 
on the methodology described under paragraph 3.17 and has 
concluded that this activity is adapted to climate change.
Other objectives
No violations of the DNSH principle were found in relation to the 
other objectives.
4.8. ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM 
BIOENERGY
Substantial contribution to climate change 
mitigation
Eni’s activity comprises electricity generation installations each 
with a total rated thermal input below 2 MW, which are using 
gaseous biomass fuels. The installations are located in Italy.
Do no significant harm (“DNSH”)
Climate change adaptation
The Group has performed a risk assessment of the activity’s 
exposure to chronic and acute climate-related hazards based 
on the methodology described under paragraph 3.17 and has 
concluded that this activity is adapted to climate change.
Other objectives
No violations of the DNSH principle were found in relation to the 
other objectives.
4.10 STORAGE OF ELECTRICITY 
Substantial contribution to climate change 
mitigation
The activity consists of the construction and operation of electricity 
storage including pumped hydropower storage. 
Do no significant harm (“DNSH”)
Climate change adaptation
The Group has performed a risk assessment of the activity’s 
exposure to chronic and acute climate-related hazards based 
on the methodology described under paragraph 3.17 and has 
concluded that this activity is adapted to climate change.
Other objectives
No violations of the DNSH principle were found in relation to the 
other objectives.
4.13. MANUFACTURE OF BIOGAS AND BIOFUELS 
FOR USE IN TRANSPORT AND OF BIOLIQUIDS
The activity consists in manufacturing HVO for use in transport. The 
activity is performed at the biorefineries of Gela (Sicily) and Venice.
Substantial contribution to climate change 
mitigation
Each batch of HVO manufactured in 2024 has been reviewed to assess 
the substantial contribution to climate change mitigation. Volumes of 
HVO manufactured using food and feed crops as feedstock have been 
excluded from the KPI, as well as those produced using agricultural 
biomass that does not comply with the criteria laid down in Article 29, 
paragraphs 2 to 5, of Directive (EU) 2018/2001.
The greenhouse gas emission savings from the HVO volumes 
manufactured from sustainable feedstock have been measured 
by applying the GHG saving methodology and the relative fossil 
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fuel comparator set out in Annex V to Directive (EU) 2018/2001.
The saving has been calculated for each kind of biomass used 
as feedstock. Based on the outcome of this review, 95% of the 
volumes  marketed to third parties at the Gela biorefinery have been 
assessed to contribute substantially to climate change mitigation.
The activity turnover, OpEx, and Capex have apportioned to the 
relevant KPIs in proportion to the percentage of environmentally 
sustainable manufactured volumes of HVO.
Do no significant harm (“DNSH”)
Climate change adaptation
Based on the assessment of this activity’s exposure to climate-related 
hazards following the methodology and procedures described herein, 
the management has concluded that the Company’s biorefinery of 
Gela exposed to a risk of water stress. The water risk monitoring 
plan is ongoing. A monitoring plan is being implemented to check 
how the risk exposure evolves over time with the goal of adapting the 
activity to climate change within five years.
Other objectives
No violations of the DNSH principle were found in relation to the 
other objectives.
5.12. UNDERGROUND PERMANENT 
GEOLOGICAL STORAGE OF CO2
The activity consists in building and operating the permanent 
underground HyNet hub to store CO2 by leveraging Eni’s depleted 
reservoirs, off the Liverpool Bay in UK. The storage service will 
be made available to local businesses in hard-to-abate industries 
according to a regulated tariff which is currently under negotiation. 
Italian authorities approved a pilot project to build and operate a 
plant for the storage of CO2 utilizing the depleted natural gas fields 
of Eni offshore Ravenna in the Adriatic Sea.
Substantial contribution to climate change 
mitigation
The UK activity complies with ISO 27914:2017 for geological 
storage of CO2. The Italian activity complies with provisions of 
Directive 2009/31/EC.
Do no significant harm (“DNSH”)
Climate change adaptation
Based on the assessment of this activity’s exposure to 
climaterelated hazards following the methodology and procedures 
described herein, the management has concluded that it is adapted 
to climate change. 
Pollution prevention and control
The management foresees that by adopting the risk 
management systems and the procedures of monitoring & 
verification provided by the above-mentioned ISO rules, the 
activity will comply with the pollution thresholds and markers 
set by Directive 2009/31/C.
Sustainable use and protection of water and 
marine resources 
Protection and restoration of biodiversity and 
ecosystem
The management foresees that by adopting the risk management 
systems and the monitoring & verification procedures provided 
by the above-mentioned ISO rules and by implementing all of the 
planned measures to ensure the environmental sustainability of the 
project to be granted all necessary authorizations by the relevant 
UK authorities, the DNSH criteria will be met with respect to the 
objectives of Sustainable use and protection of water and marine 
resources and of Protection and restoration of biodiversity and 
ecosystem.
6.15. INFRASTRUCTURE ENABLING  
LOW CARBON ROAD TRANSPORT  
AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Substantial contribution to climate change 
mitigation
The activity consists in installing and operating a network of electric 
charging points for EV and it is an enabling activity.
Do no significant harm (“DNSH”)
Climate change adaptation
The activity is adapted.
Pollution prevention and control
In the installation of electric charging points, the Company 
limits waste generation in processes related construction 
and demolition, in accordance with the EU Construction and 
Demolition Waste Management Protocol and taking into account 
best available techniques and using selective demolition to enable 
removal and safe handling of hazardous substances and facilitate 
reuse and high-quality recycling by selective removal of materials, 
using available sorting systems for construction and demolition 
waste.
Measures are taken to reduce noise, dust and pollutant emissions 
during construction or maintenance works, such as for example: 
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1. utilization of equipment with low environmental impact, 
which reduces noise, dust and pollutant emissions compare to 
traditional equipment; 2. limiting working hours by scheduling, 
when and where possible, construction or maintenance activities 
during the hours when there is less traffic to limit the impact on 
surrounding activities.
Other objectives
No violations of the DNSH principle were found in relation to the 
other objectives.
1.2.2.2. CONTRIBUTION TO MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES
Not applicable.
1.2.2.3. DISAGGREGATION OF KPIS
In the activity 4.13 manufacture of biofuels for use in transport, 
the biorefinery of Gela is a common facility for both the 
production of Taxonomy-aligned biofuels and for Taxonomy-
eligible biofuels. The facility common costs have been 
apportioned to each activity in proportion to the manufactured 
volumes of biofuels.
The management believes that such disaggregation is based 
on criteria that are appropriate for the production process being 
implemented and reflects the technical specificities of that process.
1.2.3. Contextual information
1.2.3.1. CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION ABOUT 
TURNOVER KPI
The amounts that sum up the numerator of the turnover KPI have 
derived from contracts with customers and were recognized based 
on IFRS 15. The total amount of the numerator was €812 million 
and the break-down is as follows: 
•	€80 million from the sale of electricity generated by the Group’s 
PV installations;
•	€159 million from the sale of electricity generated by the Group’s 
windmills;
•	€40 million from the sale of electricity generated by installations 
using gaseous biomass fuels;
•	€297 million from the sale of biofuels (HVO) in reduction of €363 
million compared to 2023 due to an unfavorable scenario for 
biofuels;
•	€230 million from the sale of plastics in primary form.
1.2.3.2. CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION ABOUT  
CAPEX KPI
The numerator of the CapEX KPI amounted to €1,222 million and 
comprised: 
•	€529 million related to the activity of electricity generation using 
solar photovoltaic technology, including: (i) €405 million in asset 
increases for progress in the construction program, of which €314 
million is related to the new installed capacity in 2024 for 408 
MW and €91 million for ready-to-build plants with capacity within 
the 2025-2028 plan period; and (ii) €124 million in acquisitions, of 
which €72 million pertains to third-party facilities acquired during 
the fiscal year, resulting in an operational capacity of 105 MW, and 
€52 million for ready-to-build facilities with planned capacity in 
operation in the 2025-2028 timeframe;
•	€48 million related to the activity of production of electricity 
from wind energy related to asset increases for progress in the 
construction program, including €7 million for new capacity 
installed in 2024 for 10 MW, and €41 million for ready-to-build 
plants within the 2025-2028 plan period;
•	€300 million related to the activity of production of biofuels, 
relating to the increase in Property, Plant, and Equipment (PP&E), 
at the biorefineries in Venice and Gela, with €28 million for Venice 
and €72 million for Gela. Cost incurred for €153 million were 
capitalized as part of the conversion project of oil-based Livorno 
refinery into a biorefinery. Regarding Venice, various projects 
are underway for upgrading the biorefinery, with the main ones 
involving the establishment of a new section (degumming) 
in the biomass treatment unit to enhance the processing of 
more complex feedstocks; the upgrading of Ecofining and the 
construction of the Steam Reformer plant, which will enable the 
production of Biojet and increase capacity to a total of 600 kton/
year. Regarding Gela, the main projects involved the upgrading 
of the biomass treatment unit (BTU) to enhance the processing 
of more complex feedstocks, the completion of which, in terms 
of assets, will be finalized by 2025. These biorefinery projects 
are part of Eni’s industrial investment plan for the ‘25-’28 four-
year period, approved by the Board of Directors on February, 
2025, and they represent some of the drivers that the Group has 
activated to achieve the goal of reaching a capacity of over 3 
million tons/year by 2028.
•	€146 million relating to the activity of underground permanent 
storage of CO2, fully consisting of additions to intangible assets 
as part of an ongoing project to build and operate the HyNet and 
Bacton storage hub in UK and a pilot project to develop a CO2 
storage hub off Ravenna, Italy. Both projects have been included 
in the Group four-year capital budget that was approved by the 
Board of Directors on February, 2025. Total capital expenditures 
for the HyNet project are estimated at €327 million in the four-
year plan, expected in the second half of the decade when the 
first volume of CO2 is forecast to be injected in the depleted 
reservoirs operated by Eni, offshore the Liverpool Bay, while the 
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Bacton project involves a planned expenditure of €31 million, 
with the first CO2 injection scheduled by 2030. The expected 
expenditures for the Italian hub amount to €34 million in the four-
year plan, with expected startup by 2030 after an experimental 
period in the course of 2024 at industrial scale within the term 
of five years;
•	€82 million relating to the activity of installing recharging points 
for EV, allocated to increases in PP&E by €79 million and intangible 
assets by €3 million, within the framework of the charging 
network expansion plan with the installation of approximately 
2.3 thousand new charging stations under the Plenitude brand in 
2024;
•	€98 million related to storage activities, mainly for the completion 
of the storage project in the USA, Guajillo (199 MW).
1.2.3.3. CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE 
OPEX KPI
The numerator of the OpEx KPI comprises €282 million of 
expenses that mainly related to maintenance and repair, and 
other direct expenditures relating to the day-to-day servicing of 
assets of property, plant and equipment by the Eni or third party to 
whom activities are outsourced that were necessary to ensure the 
continued and effective functioning of such assets. The breakdown 
related to the main activities is as follows:
•	€28 million incurred in the production of electricity from 
photovoltaic plants, related to maintenance and other daily 
operating expenses (inspections, cleaning, and others);
•	€46 million incurred in the production of electricity from wind 
plants, related to maintenance and other daily operating expenses 
(inspections, cleaning, and others);
•	€157 million incurred in the production of biofuels, related to 
maintenance and other daily operating expenses (inspections, 
cleaning, and others).
Compliance with the Minimum Safeguards (Ms) - 
Article 3 “c” of the EU Taxonomy Regulation
The criteria for the eco-sustainability of economic activities outlined 
in article 3 of the Taxonomy Regulation call for respecting minimum 
safeguards when conducting business (referred to in paragraph 
“c”). The rule under Article 18 identifies the MS with the procedures 
implemented by a company to ensure that business conduct 
complies with the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 
and the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human 
Rights. Compliance with the MS includes the principles and rights 
set out in the eight core conventions identified in the International 
Labour Organisation’s Declaration on Fundamental Principles and 
Rights at Work and in the International Bill of Human Rights. 
When companies implement these procedures, they must also 
comply with the “do no significant harm” principle outlined 
in Article 2, paragraph 17 of Regulation (EU) 2019/2088, the 
Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR). The SFDR 
requires financial market participants to assess the ESG risk 
of the investments within the financial products they intend to 
offer investors, measuring the ESG performance of the investee 
companies against a predefined set of key impact indicators in 
critical “principal adverse impact” areas. Five of these indicators 
have a social nature: (i) violations of the UN Global Compact 
principles and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; 
(ii) lack of processes and compliance mechanisms to monitor 
compliance with the previous point’s principles; (iii) unadjusted 
gender pay gap; (iv) Board gender diversity; and (v) exposure to 
controversial weapons. The definition of sustainable investment in 
article 2 (17) of the SFDR states that an investment is sustainable 
if it contributes to broadly defined environmental or social 
objectives, provided that it does not harm any of these objectives. 
Thus, Eni assumes that in complying with the SFDR principle “do 
no significant harm”, it is understood to refer to the five social 
impact indicators described above, four of which are included in 
Eni’s human rights due diligence processes. Regarding the fifth, 
Eni confirms that it does not have any exposure to controversial 
weapons.
The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are principles 
for responsible business conduct related to eight business areas: 
(i) three relate to the issues of human rights (human rights, 
consumer protection, employment and industrial relations); (ii) 
Anti-Corruption;
(iii) fair competition; (iv) taxation.
Finally, environmental protection is treated by the sustainability 
performance criteria set article 3 of the Taxonomy Regulation, 
while science/technology are out of the scope.
The ILO’s eight labor conventions are comprised in the wider issue 
of respect for human rights.
Observance of the fundamental principles of human rights 
contained in the International Bill of Human Rights (Universal 
Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil 
and Political Rights and International Covenant on Economic 
Social and Cultural Rights) is ensured by Eni’s compliance with 
the Italian Constitution and rules intended to implement it, which 
embody human rights principles. As a company incorporated in 
Italy, Eni is obliged to observe them.
Compliance with the safeguard clause is based on establishing 
and maintaining adequate company due diligence processes and 
company’s management systems in the following areas: 
•	ANTI-CORRUPTION see section   Conduct, business culture and 
corruption prevention;
•	BUSINESS TAXATION see section   Tax Strategy;
•	HUMAN RIGHTS see section  Human rights for Eni;
•	COMPLIANCE WITH COMPETITION LAW see the paragraph below.
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Fair competition
Eni has set up a controlled environment and a set of procedures 
and controls to minimize the risk that business and corporate 
activities violate the rules protecting competition in the various 
Countries where it operates. Among the fundamental values of the 
Company are the principles of fair competition – understood as 
a market environment that encourages companies to excel in the 
quality and cost effectiveness of the products and/or services sold/
supplied – and compliance with antitrust legislation. Eni’s control 
system has three phases: prevention, risk monitoring/mitigation 
and counteracting unlawful conduct. It is designed to minimize 
the risk that Eni’s business units and subsidiaries engage in anti-
competitive conduct, adopt practices that restrict the free market 
or collude with competing companies. Corporate transactions 
to increase market share (mergers/acquisitions) are executed 
after the antitrust authorities of the jurisdictions concerned have 
been informed. Appropriate remediation plans are formulated 
in response to any comments received and in compliance with 
standstill obligations and the prohibition of unlawful exchange 
of information during the negotiation and due diligence phases. 
In 2024, no Group company or senior management member was 
party to disputes for antitrust legislation violations that resulted 
in a final verdict of conviction. On the reporting date, there was no 
significant pending antitrust disputes.
In 2024, Eni did not receive any final verdict of conviction for 
violations of laws, regulations or other regulatory institutions relating 
to human rights, bribery, competition or tax violations. The Company 
is cooperating actively and in good faith with the OECD National 
Contact Points to resolve pending Specific Instances.
In conclusion, considering the draft Report “Minimum Safeguards”, 
Eni believes it complies with the safeguard clause of Article 3, 
paragraph “c” of the EU Taxonomy Regulation.
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Financial year 2024
Substantial contribution criteria
Economic activities (1)
Code(s) (2)
Absolute Turnover (3)
Proportion of 
Turnover (4)
Climate Change 
Mitigation (CCM) (5)
Climate Change 
Adaptation (CCA) (6)
Water and marine 
resources (7)
Circular economy (8)
Pollution (9)
Biodiversity and 
ecosystems (10)
m€
%
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
A. TAXONOMY-ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES
A.1. Environmentally sustainable activities (Taxonomy-aligned)
Manufacture of plastics in primary form
CCM 3.17 
230
0.3%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Electricity generation using solar photovoltaic technology
CCM 4.1 
80
0.1%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Electricity generation (wind)
CCM 4.3 
159
0.2%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Electricity generation from bioenergy
CCM 4.8
40
0.0%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Storage of electricity
CCM 4.10
1
0.0%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Manufacture of biogas and biofuels for use in transport and of 
bioliquids
CCM 4.13 
297
0.3%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Anaerobic digestion of bio-waste
CCM 5.7/CE 2.5
2
0.0%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N
N/EL
N/EL
Composting of bio-waste
CCM 5.8/CE 2.5
2
0.0%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N
N/EL
N/EL
Transport by motorbikes, passenger cars and light commercial vehicles
CCM 6.5
1
0.0%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Turnover of environmentally sustainable activities (Taxonomy-aligned) 
(A.1)
812
0.9%
%
of which enabling
0.0%
of which transitional
0.3%
A.2. Taxonomy-Eligible but not environmentally sustainable activities 
(not Taxonomy-aligned)
Recovery of bio-waste by anaerobic digestion or composting 
CE 2.5
4
0.0%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
EL
N/EL
N/EL
Manufacture of organic basic chemicals
CCM 3.14 
1,341
1.5%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Manufacture of plastics in primary form
CCM 3.17 
1,421
1.6%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Transmission and distribution of electricity
CCM 4.9
4
0.0%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Manufacture of biogas/biofuels for use in transport
CCM 4.13
219
0.2%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
High-efficiency co-generation of heat/cool and power from fossil 
gaseous fuels
CCM 4.30
1,571
1.8%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Construction, extension and operation of waste water collection and 
treatment
CCM 5.3
20
0.0%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Collection and transport of non-hazardous waste in source segregated 
fractions
CCM 5.5
1
0.0%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Transport by motorbikes, passenger cars and commercial vehicles
CCM 6.5
24
0.0%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Turnover of Taxonomy-eligible but not environmentally sustainable 
activities (not Taxonomy-aligned activities) (A.2)
4,601
5.2%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Turnover of Taxonomy eligible activities (A.1 + A.2)
5,413
6.1%
B. TAXONOMY-NON-ELIGIBLE ACTIVITES
Turnover of Taxonomy-non-eligible activites (B)
83,384
93.9%
TOTAL
88,797
100.0%
TURNOVER KPI
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DNSH
Climate Change 
Mitigation (CCM) (11)
Climate Change 
Adaptation (CCA) (12)
Water and marine 
resources (13)
Circular economy (14)
Pollution (15)
Biodiversity and 
ecosystems (16)
Minimum Safeguards 
(17)
Proportion of 
Taxonomy aligned 
or eligible  Turnover 
year 2023 (18)
Category (enabling 
activity or) (20)
Category (transitional 
activity) (21)
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
%
E
T
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.1%
T
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.2%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.2%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.0%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.0%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.7%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.0%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.0%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.0%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
%
0.0%
E
0.1%
T
Y
0.0%
Y
1.4%
Y
1.7%
Y
0.0%
Y
0.1%
Y
2.2%
Y
0.0%
Y
0.0%
Y
0.0%
Y
%
%
%
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CAPEX KPI
Financial year 2024
Substantial contribution criteria
Economic activities (1)
Code(s) (2)
Absolute CapEx (3)
Proportion of 
CapEx (4)
Climate Change 
Mitigation (CCM) (5)
Climate Change 
Adaptation (CCA) (6)
Water and marine 
resources (7)
Circular economy (8)
Pollution (9)
Biodiversity and 
ecosystems (10)
m€
%
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
A. TAXONOMY-ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES
A.1. Environmentally sustainable activities (Taxonomy-aligned)
Manufacture of plastics in primary form
CCM 3.17 
4
0.0%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Electricity generation using solar photovoltaic technology
CCM 4.1 
529
3.4%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Electricity generation (wind)
CCM 4.3 
48
0.3%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Electricity generation from bioenergy
CCM 4.8
7
0.0%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Storage of electricity
CCM 4.10
98
0.6%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Manufacture of biogas and biofuels for use  in transport and of 
bioliquids
CCM 4.13 
300
1.9%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Construction, extension and operation of waste water collection  
and treatment
CCM 5.3
1
0.0%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Underground permanent geological storage of CO2
CCM 5.12
146
0.9%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Transport by motorbikes, passenger cars and commercial vehicles
CCM 6.5
5
0.0%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Infrastructure enabling road transport and public transport
CCM 6.15
82
0.5%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Installation, maintenance and repair of energy efficiency equipment
CCM 7.3
2
0.0%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
CapEx of environmentally sustainable activities  
(Taxonomy-aligned) (A.1)
1,222
7.9%
%
of which enabling
0.5%
of which transitional
0.0%
A.2. Taxonomy-Eligible but not environmentally sustainable activities 
(not Taxonomy-aligned)
Manufacture of hydrogen
CCM 3.10 
1
0.0%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Manufacture of organic basic chemicals
CCM 3.14 
98
0.6%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Manufacture of plastics in primary form
CCM 3.17 
62
0.4%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Electricity generation from bioenergy
CCM 4.8
3
0.0%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Transmission and distribution of electricity
CCM 4.9
1
0.0%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Manufacture of biogas/biofuels for use in transport
CCM 4.13
69
0.4%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
High-efficiency co-generation of heat/cool and power from fossil 
gaseous fuels
CCM 4.30
89
0.6%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Construction, extension and operation of waste water collection and 
treatment
CCM 5.3
76
0.5%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Transport by motorbikes, passenger cars and commercial vehicles
CCM 6.5
14
0.1%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Infrastructure enabling road transport and public transport
CCM 6.15
4
0.0%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Installation, maintenance and repair of energy efficiency equipment
CCM 7.3
2
0.0%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
CapEx of Taxonomy-eligible but not environmentally sustainable 
activities (not Taxonomy-aligned activities) (A.2)
419
2.7%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Capex of Taxonomy eligible activities  (A.1 + A.2)
1,641
10.6%
B. TAXONOMY-NON-ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES 
Capex of Taxonomy-non-eligible activites (B)
13,861
89.4%
TOTAL
15,502
100.0%
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ANNEX

DNSH
Climate Change 
Mitigation (CCM) (11)
Climate Change 
Adaptation (CCA) (12)
Water and marine 
resources (13)
Circular economy (14)
Pollution (15)
Biodiversity and 
ecosystems (16)
Minimum Safeguards 
(17)
Proportion of 
Taxonomy aligned or 
eligible Capex 
year 2023 (18)
Category (enabling 
activity or) (20)
Category (transitional 
activity) (21)
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N 
%
E
T
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
5.5%
T
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
4.4%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
1.0%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.0%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.2%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
1.6%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.0%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
1.1%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.0%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.9%
E
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.0%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
%
0.9%
E
5.5%
T
Y
0.0%
Y
0.5%
Y
0.6%
Y
0.0%
Y
0.0%
Y
0.6%
Y
0.7%
Y
0.2%
Y
0.1%
Y
0.0%
Y
0.0%
Y
%
%
243
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ANNEX

OPEX KPI
Financial year 2024
Substantial contribution criteria
Economic activities (1)
Code(s) (2)
Absolute Opex (3)
Proportion of 
Opex (4)
Climate Change 
Mitigation (CCM) (5)
Climate Change 
Adaptation (CCA) (6)
Water and marine 
resources (7)
Circular economy (8)
Pollution (9)
Biodiversity and 
ecosystems (10)
m€
%
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
Y; N; N/EL 
(b) (c)
A. TAXONOMY-ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES
A.1. Environmentally sustainable activities (Taxonomy-aligned)
Manufacture of plastics in primary form
CCM 3.17 
38
0.9%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Electricity generation using solar photovoltaic technology
CCM 4.1
28
0.7%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Electricity generation (wind)
CCM 4.3
46
1.1%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Electricity generation from bioenergy
CCM 4.8
10
0.2%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Storage of electricity
CCM 4.10
1
0.0%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Manufacture of biogas and biofuels for use in transport and of 
bioliquids
CCM 4.13
157
3.7%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Anaerobic digestion of bio-waste
CCM 5.7
1
0.0%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Composting of bio-waste
CCM 5.8
1
0.0%
Y
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
OpEX of environmentally sustainable activities (Taxonomy-aligned) 
(A.1)
282
6.5%
%
of which enabling
0.0%
of which transitional
0.9%
A.2. Taxonomy-Eligible but not environmentally sustainable activities 
(not Taxonomy-aligned)
Manufacture of other low carbon technologies
CCM 3.6
8
0.2%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Manufacture of organic basic chemicals
CCM 3.14 
55
1.3%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Manufacture of plastics in primary form
CCM 3.17 
94
2.2%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Transmission and distribution of electricity
CCM 4.9
3
0.1%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Manufacture of biogas/biofuels for use in transport
CCM 4.13
19
0.4%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Cogeneration of heat/cool and power from bioenergy
CCM 4.20
9
0.2%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
High-efficiency co-generation of heat/cool and power from fossil 
gaseous fuels
CCM 4.30
51
1.2%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Construction, extension and operation of waste water collection and 
treatment
CCM 5.3
145
3.4%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Collection and transport of non-hazardous waste in source segregated 
fractions
CCM 5.5
10
0.2%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Underground permanent geological storage of CO2
CCM 5.12
4
0.1%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
Transport by motorbikes, passenger cars and commercial vehicles
CCM 6.5
5
0.1%
EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
N/EL
OpEX of Taxonomy-eligible but not environmentally sustainable 
activities (not Taxonomy-aligned activities) (A.2)
403
9.4%
%
%
%
%
%
%
OpEX of Taxonomy eligible activities (A.1+A.2)
685
15.9%
B. TAXONOMY-NON-ELIGIBLE ACTIVITES
OpEX of Taxonomy-non-eligible activites (B)
3,624
84.1%
Total 
4,309
100.0%
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ANNEX

DNSH
Climate Change 
Mitigation (CCM) (11)
Climate Change 
Adaptation (CCA) (12)
Water and marine 
resources (13)
Circular economy (14)
Pollution (15)
Biodiversity and 
ecosystems (16)
Minimum Safeguards 
(17)
Proportion of 
Taxonomy aligned or 
eligible  Opex
 year 2023 (18)
Category (enabling 
activity or) (20)
Category (transitional 
activity) (21)
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
%
E
T
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.1%
T
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
2.2%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.6%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.2%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.0%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
1.6%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.1%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0.0%
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
%
0.0%
E
0.1%
T
Y
0.2%
Y
1.4%
Y
1.7%
Y
0.1%
Y
0.4%
Y
0.3%
Y
1.2%
Y
3.5%
Y
0.2%
Y
0.1%
Y
0.1%
Y
%
%
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ANNEX

Template 1: Nuclear and fossil gas related activities,2024
Row
Nuclear energy related activities
2024
1
The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to research, development, demonstration and deployment of innovative electricity generation facilities that produce 
energy from nuclear processes with minimal waste from the fuel cycle.
No
2
The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to construction and safe operation of new nuclear installations to produce electricity or process heat, including for the 
purposes of district heating or industrial processes such as hydrogen production, as well as their safety upgrades, using best available technologies.
No
3
The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to safe operation of existing nuclear installations that produce electricity or process heat, including for the purposes of 
district heating or industrial processes such as hydrogen production from nuclear energy, as well as their safety upgrades.
No
 
Fossil gas related activities
4
 The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to construction or operation of electricity generation facilities that produce electricity using fossil gaseous fuels.
No
5
The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to construction, refurbishment, and operation of combined heat/cool and power generation facilities using fossil gaseous 
fuels.
          
Yes
6
The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to construction, refurbishment and operation of heat generation facilities that produce heat/cool using fossil gaseous 
fuels.
No
Template 2: Taxonomy-aligned economic activities (denominator),2024 
€ million, except where indicated
Row
Economic activities
Turnover
Capex
Opex
CCM + CCA
Climate 
change 
mitigation 
(CCM)
Climate 
change 
adaptation 
(CCA)
CCM + CCA
Climate 
change 
mitigation 
(CCM)
Climate 
change 
adaptation 
(CCA)
CCM + CCA
Climate 
change 
mitigation 
(CCM)
Climate 
change 
adaptation 
(CCA)
Amount
% Amount
% Amount
% Amount
% Amount
% Amount
% Amount
% Amount
% Amount
%
1
Amount and proportion of 
taxonomy-aligned economic 
activity referred to in Section 4.26 
of Annexes I and II to Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 in the 
denominator of the applicable KPI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2
Amount and proportion of 
taxonomy-aligned economic 
activity referred to in Section 4.27 
of Annexes I and II to Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 in the 
denominator of the applicable KPI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3
Amount and proportion of 
taxonomy-aligned economic 
activity referred to in Section 4.28 
of Annexes I and II to Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 in the 
denominator of the applicable KPI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4
Amount and proportion of 
taxonomy-aligned economic 
activity referred to in Section 4.29 
of Annexes I and II to Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 in the 
denominator of the applicable KPI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5
Amount and proportion of 
taxonomy-aligned economic 
activity referred to in Section 4.30 
of Annexes I and II to Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 in the 
denominator of the applicable KPI
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
6
Amount and proportion of 
taxonomy-aligned economic 
activity referred to in Section 4.31 
of Annexes I and II to Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 in the 
denominator of the applicable KPI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7
Amount and proportion of other 
taxonomy-aligned economic 
activities not referred to in rows 
1 to 6 above in the denominator 
of the applicable KPI
812 0.9%
812 
0.9%
0
0%
1,222 
7.9%
1,222 
7.9%
0
0%
282 6.5%
282 6.5%
0
0%
8
Total applicable KPI
88,797 100%
88,797
100%
0
0%
15,502 100%
15,502 100%
0
0%
4,309 100%
4,309 100%
0
0%
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Template 3: Taxonomy-aligned economic activities (numerator),2024
€ million, except where indicated
Row
Economic activities
Turnover
Capex
Opex
CCM + CCA
Climate
change
mitigation 
(CCM)
Climate
change
adaptation 
(CCA)
CCM+CCA
Climate
change
mitigation 
(CCM)
Climate
change
adaptation 
(CCA)
CCM+CCA
Climate
change
mitigation 
(CCM)
Climate
change
adaptation 
(CCA)
Amount
% Amount
% Amount
% Amount
% Amount
% Amount
% Amount
% Amount
% Amount
%
1
Amount and proportion 
of taxonomy-aligned 
economic activity 
referred to in Section 
4.26 of Annexes I 
and II to Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 
in the numerator of the 
applicable KPI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2
Amount and proportion 
of taxonomy-aligned 
economic activity 
referred to in Section 
4.27 of Annexes I 
and II to Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 
in the numerator of the 
applicable KPI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3
 Amount and proportion 
of taxonomy-aligned 
economic activity 
referred to in Section 
4.28 of Annexes I 
and II to Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 
in the numerator of the 
applicable KPI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4
Amount and proportion 
of taxonomy-aligned 
economic activity 
referred to in Section 
4.29 of Annexes I 
and II to Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 
in the numerator of the 
applicable KPI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5
 Amount and proportion 
of taxonomy-aligned 
economic activity 
referred to in Section 
4.30 of Annexes I 
and II to Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 
in the numerator of the 
applicable KPI
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
6
 Amount and proportion 
of taxonomy-aligned 
economic activity 
referred to in Section 
4.31 of Annexes I 
and II to Delegated 
Regulation 2021/2139 
in the numerator of the 
applicable KPI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7
Amount and proportion 
of other taxonomy-
aligned economic 
activities not referred 
to in rows 1 to 6 above 
in the numerator of the 
applicable KPI
812 100.0%
812 100.0%
0
0%
1,222 100.0%
1,222 100.0%
0
0%
282 100.0%
282 100.0%
0
0%
8
Total amount and 
proportion of 
taxonomy-aligned 
economic activities in 
the numerator of the 
applicable KPI
812 100.0%
812 100.0%
0
0%
1,222 100.0%
1,222 100.0%
0
0%
282 100.0%
282 100.0%
0
0%
247
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Template 4: Taxonomy-eligible but not taxonomy-aligned economic activities, 2024 
€ million, except where indicated
Row
Economic activities
Turnover
Capex
Opex
CCM + CCA
Climate
change
mitigation 
(CCM)
Climate
change
adaptation 
(CCA)
CCM+CCA
Climate
change
mitigation 
(CCM)
Climate
change
adaptation 
(CCA)
CCM+CCA
Climate
change
mitigation 
(CCM)
Climate
change
adaptation 
(CCA)
Amount
%
Amount
%
Amount
% Amount
%
Amount
%
Amount
% Amount
% Amount
% Amount
%
1
Amount and proportion 
of taxonomy-eligible but 
not taxonomy-aligned 
economic activity 
referred to in Section 
4.26 of Annexes I and II 
to Delegated Regulation 
2021/2139 in the 
denominator of the 
applicable KPI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2
Amount and proportion 
of taxonomy-eligible but 
not taxonomy-aligned 
economic activity 
referred to in Section 
4.27 of Annexes I and II 
to Delegated Regulation 
2021/2139 in the 
denominator of the 
applicable KPI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3
Amount and proportion 
of taxonomy-eligible but 
not taxonomy-aligned 
economic activity 
referred to in Section 
4.28 of Annexes I and II 
to Delegated Regulation 
2021/2139 in the 
denominator of the 
applicable KPI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4
Amount and proportion 
of taxonomy-eligible but 
not taxonomy-aligned 
economic activity 
referred to in Section 
4.29 of Annexes I and II 
to Delegated Regulation 
2021/2139 in the 
denominator of the 
applicable KPI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5
Amount and proportion 
of taxonomy-eligible but 
not taxonomy-aligned 
economic activity 
referred to in Section 
4.30 of Annexes I and II 
to Delegated Regulation 
2021/2139 in the 
denominator of the 
applicable KPI
1,571 34.1%
1,571 34.1%
0
0%
89
21.2%
89 21.2%
0
0%
51
12.7%
51 12.7%
0
0%
6
Amount and proportion 
of taxonomy-eligible but 
not taxonomy-aligned 
economic activity 
referred to in Section 
4.31 of Annexes I and II 
to Delegated Regulation 
2021/2139 in the 
denominator of the 
applicable KPI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7
Amount and proportion of 
other taxonomy eligible 
but not taxonomy-aligned 
economic activities not 
referred to in rows 1 to 6 
above in the denominator 
of the applicable KPI
3,030 59.1%
3,030 59.1%
0
0%
330 72.8%
330 72.8%
0
0%
352 87.5%
352 87.5%
0
0%
8
Total amount and 
proportion of taxonomy 
eligible but not 
taxonomy-aligned 
economic activities in 
the denominator of the 
applicable KPI
4,601 100%
4,601 100%
0
0%
419 100%
419 100%
0
0%
403 100%
403 100%
0
0%
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ANNEX

Template 5: Taxonomy non-eligible economic activities, 2024
€ million, except where indicated
Row
Economic activities
Turnover
Capex
Opex
Amount
%
Amount
%
Amount
%
1
Amount and proportion of economic activity referred to in row 1 of Template 1 that is taxonomy non-
eligible in accordance with Section 4.26 of Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in the 
denominator of the applicable KPI
2
Amount and proportion of economic activity referred to in row 2 of Template 1 that is taxonomy non-eligible 
in accordance with Section 4.27 of Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in the denominator of 
the applicable KPI
3
Amount and proportion of economic activity referred to in row 3 of Template 1 that is taxonomy non-eligible 
in accordance with Section 4.28 of Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in the denominator of 
the applicable KPI
4
Amount and proportion of economic activity referred to in row 4 of Template 1 that is taxonomy non-eligible 
in accordance with Section 4.29 of Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in the denominator of 
the applicable KPI
5
Amount and proportion of economic activity referred to in row 5 of Template 1 that is taxonomy non-eligible 
in accordance with Section 4.30 of Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in the denominator of 
the applicable KPI
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
6
Amount and proportion of economic activity referred to in row 6 of Template 1 that is taxonomy non-eligible 
in accordance with Section 4.31 of Annexes I and II to Delegated Regulation 2021/2139 in the denominator of 
the applicable KPI
7
Amount and proportion of other taxonomy non-eligible economic activities not referred to in rows 1 to 6 
above in the denominator of the applicable KPI
83,384
100%
13,861
100%
3,624
100%
8
Total amount and proportion of taxonomy non-eligible economic activities in the denominator of the 
applicable KPI
83,384
100%
13,861
100%
3,624
100%
249
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ANNEX

MAIN DEFINITIONS
General
•	Inherent risk:  inherent risk in the absence of managerial actions to 
manage it.
•	Residual risk: risk that remains after taking reduction actions.
•	Target: in general terms, a target is a specific and measurable 
result, generally defined in the strategic plan, with specific 
deadlines, a reference year, key performance indicators used to 
assess progress, which support the achievement of objectives in 
line with the company's policies. Eni identifies specific targets in its 
corporate strategies (business, sustainability and decarbonization). 
Climate change
•	Climate is the statistical description in terms of average 
and variability of the relevant meteorological quantities (e.g. 
temperature, precipitation, winds, etc.), calculated over a period of 
at least 30 years.
•	 Climate change: a change in the state of the climate that persists 
for an extended period, typically decades or longer, and that can 
be detected (e.g. using statistical tests) by changes in the mean 
and/or variability of its features. Climate change can originate 
from internal natural processes or from external forcings, such 
as modulations of solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent 
anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or 
land use (source: IPCC glossary). 
•	Energy transition: it is the transition from the use of energy sources 
with a high carbon footprint to low-emission energy sources, and 
is part of the broader transition to sustainable economies through 
the use of renewable energy and nuclear energy, the adoption of 
energy saving and sustainable development techniques (Carbon 
neutrality toolkit, UNECE).
•	Transition risks: the risks arising from the misalignment between 
the strategy and management of an organization or investor and 
the evolution of the regulatory, political or social landscape in 
which they operate. Developments aimed at halting or reversing 
damage to the climate or nature such as government measures, 
technological progress, market changes, litigation and changing 
consumer preferences can all create or affect transition risks 
(source: ESRS). 
•	Physical Risks (Acute and Chronic): risk from climate change that 
can be determined by events (acute risks) or longer-term changes 
in climate patterns (chronic risks). Acute physical hazards arise 
from specific hazards, especially weather events such as storms, 
floods, fires or heat waves. Chronic physical risks result from 
longer-term climate change, such as temperature changes and 
their effects on sea level rise, lower water availability, biodiversity 
loss, and changes in land and soil productivity (source: ESRS).
•	Climate change mitigation/decarbonization: actions or activities 
that limit GHG emissions (e.g. due to production, energy use or land 
use change) and/or reduce their concentration in the atmosphere 
(e.g. carbon absorption through land use or other mechanisms).
•	Adaptation to climate change: is the adjustment of ecological, 
social or economic systems in response to actual or expected 
climate impacts. It involves adjustments to reduce the vulnerability 
of communities, regions or activities to climate change.
•	Decarbonization Plan (Eni): the element of the company's strategic 
plan that defines its objectives, actions and resources with a view 
to transitioning to a lower-carbon economy, including actions such 
as reducing GHG emissions in order to limit global warming to 
1.5°C and achieve climate neutrality. Eni's decarbonization plan 
differs from the definition of the CRSD transition plan (ESRS E1-
1) because it is built on the equity boundary, in continuity with 
previous years. By comparison, the entity-specific boundary used 
by Eni covers 97% of the CSRD boundary. 
•	Mitigation hierarchy: The mitigation hierarchy is an international 
best practice, for the management of risks and potential impacts 
on the environment, through a sequence of actions: i) preventing 
and avoiding impacts; (ii) minimising impact where it cannot be 
avoided; (iii) restore and (iv) compensate.
•	Actual GHG emissions (Eni): emissions emitted in the past or 
present and accounted for in the emission inventory.
•	Potential GHG emissions (Eni): possible future emissions 
quantified on the basis of its Strategic Plan.
•	Residual emissions: GHG emissions that remain after all possible 
actions have been taken to reduce them (source: ISO Net Zero 
Guidelines).
•	Carbon Neutrality: a condition in which the anthropogenic 
emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) associated with a given entity 
are balanced through CO2 removals. Carbon neutrality is often 
assessed over the entire life cycle, including indirect emissions 
(Scope 3), but it can also be limited to emissions and removals, 
over a specific period of time, over a given period of time, for 
which the entity has direct control, as established by the relevant 
reference scheme (source: IPCC glossary). 
•	Path towards Carbon Neutrality (Eni): a pillar of the business model 
that is based on an industrial transformation plan that involves 
the use of available and economically sustainable technological 
solutions capable of contributing immediately to the reduction 
of emissions generated throughout the entire life cycle of energy 
products until their net zero by 2050.
•	Net zero: on a global scale, the terms carbon neutrality and net zero 
CO2 emissions are equivalent. On a sub-global scale, the term net 
zero CO2 is generally applied to emissions and removals under the 
direct control or territorial responsibility of the reporting entity, while 
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carbon neutrality generally also includes emissions and removals 
that go beyond the direct control or territorial responsibility of the 
entity itself (source: IPCC glossary).
•	Net zero targets (Eni): series of targets aimed at reducing emissions. 
In the short to medium term, Eni prioritizes the reduction of Scope 1 
and Scope 2 emissions, focusing on the Upstream sector, with the 
goal of "Net Zero Carbon Footprint Upstream" by 2030. Thereafter, 
Eni plans to achieve "Net Zero Carbon Footprint Eni" of Scope 1 and 
Scope 2 emissions for the entire Group by 2035. In addition, the 
company is taking steps to reduce Scope 3 emissions related to 
the carbon intensity of its products and services, thus contributing 
to the overall decarbonization of the energy system with the goal of 
"Net zero" (for GHG Lifecycle Emissions and for Carbon Intensity) 
by 2050.
•	Soft and Hard Law: "Soft law" refers to all those phenomena of self-
regulation different from traditional regulatory instruments that are 
the result of a formal process of legislative production by bodies 
invested with the relevant function, so-called. "hard law", and whose 
essential characteristic is given by the fact that they have no direct 
binding effect.
•	Lower carbon (Eni) solutions/products: represent a diversified 
portfolio that aims to contribute to the decarbonization of the 
energy system. This portfolio includes innovations in renewable 
energy sources, sustainable biofuels, advanced CO2 capture and 
storage (CCS) technologies, hydrogen production and nuclear 
energy.
•	Hard-to-abate: refers to those industrial and heavy transport 
sectors with high CO2 emissions that are particularly complex to 
decarbonise due to technological, physical and market factors 
(source: Irena).
•	Carbon dioxide Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS): involves 
capturing CO2, typically from large emission sources such as power 
plants or industrial plants that use fossil fuels or biomass as fuel. 
If not used on-site, the captured carbon dioxide is compressed and 
transported via pipelines, ship, rail, or truck to be used in a range of 
applications, or injected into confined geological formations such 
as depleted oil and gas fields or salt aquifers.
•	Natural Climate Solutions (NCS): Nature-based solutions for 
climate change. They are based on nature's ability to remove and 
store carbon from the atmosphere. Among other benefits, they 
help protect endangered habitats and promote biodiversity, as well 
as support sustainable development for local communities.
•	Climate emission scenarios: a plausible representation of the 
future evolution of emissions of substances that are radiatively 
active (e.g. greenhouse gases – GHGs – and aerosols) based on 
a coherent and internally consistent set of assumptions about 
the driving forces (such as demographic and socio-economic 
development, technological change, energy and land use) and their 
key relationships. Concentration scenarios, derived from emission 
scenarios, are often used as input for a climate model to calculate 
climate projections (source: IPCC9).
•	Energy scenarios: provide a framework for exploring future energy 
prospects, including the various combinations of technology 
options and their implications. Many scenarios in the literature 
illustrate how developments in the energy system will affect the 
dynamics of different industrial sectors globally. Among the most 
recognized energy scenarios are those of the International Energy 
Agency (IEA), which annually publishes a series of scenarios in the 
World Energy Outlook (WEO), based on detailed energy demand 
forecasts by sector, built on specific demographic and economic 
variables of the coming decades, according to two reference logics.
-	Forecasting, which produce trajectories for the evolution of 
energy consumption using demographic/economic inputs and 
existing or likely future policies/declared ambitions (STEPS - 
Stated Policies Scenario and APS - Announced Pledges Scenario);
-	Backcasting, which identify backwards trajectories compatible with 
one or more objectives imposed through the use of technologies 
even in the demonstration phase, the hypothesis of a sudden 
change in consumer habits and an acceleration of the efficiency of 
final consumption (NZE – Net Zero Emissions scenario).
Environment
• Environmental Golden Rules: guidelines that aim to protect and 
conserve the environment by directing the behavior of people 
and companies towards sustainable and environmentally friendly 
practices (e.g. through the reduction/reuse and recycling of waste, 
energy saving, protection of bio.
•	Water stress areas: areas  with a baseline value of "water stress" 
>40%; water stress is calculated as the ratio of water withdrawn to 
recharge capacity in a given basin.
•	HVO: Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil, a diesel biofuel produced mainly 
from waste raw materials, vegetable residues and a residual part of 
vegetable oils.
•	Oil spill: spill from primary or secondary containment into the 
environment of oil or petroleum derivatives from refining or 
petroleum waste occurring during operational activity or as a result 
of acts of sabotage, theft and vandalism. It should be noted that 
the events reported in this document are only those that have 
resulted in spills greater than 1 barrel.
•	Mitigation hierarchy: the mitigation hierarchy is an international 
best practice, for the management of risks and potential impacts 
on the environment, through a sequence of actions: (i) preventing 
and avoiding impacts; (ii) minimising impact where it cannot be 
avoided; (iii) restore and (iv) compensate.
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Social
•	Stop work authority: principle aimed at promoting virtuous and 
conscious behavior that guarantees the protection of all workers 
for which every collaborator, in any site, has the authority to stop an 
activity when he detects dangerous behavior or condition.
•	Asset integrity: the ability of an asset to function effectively and 
accurately, while safeguarding the well-being of personnel and 
equipment throughout the asset's lifecycle, from its design phase 
to its decommissioning.
•	Human Rights Defender: a person who, individually or with others, 
acts peacefully to promote or protect human rights on behalf of 
individuals or groups.
•	Environmental Social and Health Impact Assessment (ESHIA): 
environmental, social and health impact assessment studies 
implemented before starting any type of operational project.
•	Health Impact Assessment (HIA): structured process to assess 
potential health implications within policy proposals, programmes 
or projects, identifying potentially adverse effects. It suggests ways 
to minimize them, maximizing health benefits, and can be applied 
to a wide range of industries by influencing decisions at various 
levels of planning.
•	Human Rights Impact Assessment" (HRIA) or "Human Rights 
Risk Analysis" (HRRA): methodologies aimed at identifying, 
analyzing, evaluating and managing the negative effects that the 
implementation of an industrial project or other business activities 
may have on the enjoyment of the human rights of certain types 
of stakeholders (so-called rights-holders), such as workers and 
community members.
•	Environmental and Social Management Plan: action plans relating 
to the mitigation and control actions envisaged by the ESHIA on 
environmental and social issues.
•	Project Affected People: these are the individual owners of land or 
onshore activities (farmers, managers of tourism or entrepreneurial 
activities) and offshore (fishermen) who suffer  economic or 
physical displacement due to an Eni project.
•	Salient Human Rights Issue: the set of issues considered most 
significant, on which the management model and activities 
to respect for human rights are concentrated, divided into the 
following clusters: (i) workers' rights (direct and value chain); (ii) 
community rights (including security); (iii) Customer Rights.
•	Whistleblowing Reports: any Communication received by Eni 
concerning conduct – referable to Eni’s People or to all those who 
operate or have operated in Italy and abroad in the name of or on 
behalf of or in the interest of Eni – that is in violation of laws and 
regulations, provisions of the Authorities, Code of Ethics, Model 
231 or Compliance Models for foreign subsidiaries and internal 
regulations, in compliance with the locally applicable implementing 
legislation of Directive (EU) 2019/1937.
•	Grievance: a complaint or complaint raised by an individual or 
group of individuals arising from actual or perceived impacts 
caused by the organization's operational activities.
•	B2C: Business to Consumer refers to all business relationships 
between the company and the end customer who purchase gas, 
electricity or other products and services provided by Plenitude for 
personal or domestic, business or commercial use.
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Content index
Disclosure Requirement and 
related datapoint
Other EU Regulations
Not material(*)/  
Phase-in
Cross reference to the 
Annual Report 2024
2024 Sustainability Statement
ESRS 2 - GENERAL 
DISCLOSURES
ESRS 2 BP-1 General basis for 
preparation of the sustainability 
statement
 
 
 
General Information: Basis for preparation
Reporting principles and criteria: 
Introduction, Reporting boundary and Basis 
for preparation
ESRS 2 BP-2 Disclosures in relation to 
specific circumstances
 
 
 
General Information: Basis for preparation
Reporting principles and criteria: 
Introduction and Content index
ESRS 2 GOV-1 The role of the 
administrative, management and 
supervisory bodies
a)	Sustainable Finance 
Disclosure Regulation; 
Benchmark Regulation
b)	Benchmark Regulation
Governance
Integrated Risk 
Management
Business conduct: Actions taken on 
material IROs, Training and communication 
activities
ESRS 2 GOV-2 Information provided 
to and sustainability matters 
addressed by the undertaking’s 
administrative, management and 
supervisory bodies
 
 
Governance: The Internal 
Control System on 
sustainability reporting
General Information: Process and results of 
the double materiality assessment
ESRS 2 GOV-3 Integration of 
sustainability-related performance in 
incentive schemes
 
 
Governance: The 
Remuneration Policy of 
the Corporate Bodies
Climate change: Policies and Climate 
Governance
ESRS 2 GOV-4 Statement on due 
diligence
Par. 30 - Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
Governance
General Information: Statement on due 
diligence
ESRS 2 GOV-5 Risk management and 
internal controls over sustainability 
reporting
 
 
Governance: The 
Internal Control and Risk 
Management System
ESRS 2 SBM-1 – Strategy, Business 
Model and Value Chain
Par. 40 (d) i –Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation; Pillar 3; 
Benchmark Regulation 
Par. 40 (d) ii, iii – 
Sustainable Finance 
Disclosure Regulation; 
Benchmark Regulation 
Par. 40 (d) iv – 
Benchmark Regulation 
 
Activities
Business model
Operating review
Financial review and 
other information:
Revenues and Results by 
business segments 
Strategy
General Information: Process and results 
of the double materiality assessment, value 
chain and Main Impacts
Material impacts, risks and opportunities 
(IROs) sections in the chapters Clients and 
consumers and Business conduct
ESRS 2 SBM-2 – Interests and views 
of stakeholders
 
 
Business model
General Information: Stakeholder 
engagement
ESRS 2 SBM-3 - Material impacts, 
risks and opportunities and their 
interaction with strategy and business 
model
 
 
Business model
General Information: Process and results of 
the double materiality assessment
Material impacts, risks and opportunities 
(IROs) sections across the different 
thematic chapters
ESRS 2 IRO-1 Description of the 
process to identify and assess 
material impacts, risks and 
opportunities
 
 
General Information: Process and results of 
the double materiality assessment and The 
resilience of the strategy to material IROs
ESRS 2 IRO-2 Disclosure 
Requirements in ESRS covered by 
the undertaking’s sustainability 
statement
 
 
General Information: Basis for preparation 
Reporting principles and criteria:  
Content index
ESRS 2 MDR-P Policies adopted 
to manage material sustainability 
matters
 
 
Policies sections across all the thematic 
chapters
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
(*) The indication “Not material” is specified only for those KPIs that refer to other European regulations.
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Disclosure Requirement and 
related datapoint
Other EU Regulations
Not material(*)/  
Phase-in
Cross reference to the 
Annual Report 2024
2024 Sustainability Statement
ESRS 2 Actions MDR-A Actions and 
resources in relation to material 
sustainability matters
 
 
Actions taken on material IROs sections 
across all the thematic chapters
Climate change: Decarbonization plan
ESRS 2 Metrics MDR-M Metrics in 
relation to material sustainability 
matters
 
 
Metrics sections across all the thematic 
chapters
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS 2 Targets MDR-T Tracking 
effectiveness of policies and actions 
through targets
 
 
Targets and commitments sections across 
all the thematic chapters
Climate change: Decarbonization strategy, 
Main GHG emission reduction targets 
ESRS E1 CLIMATE CHANGE
 
 
ESRS 2 GOV-3 Integration of 
sustainability-related performance in 
incentive schemes
 
 
 
Climate change: Policies and Climate 
Governance
ESRS E1-1 Transition plan for climate 
change mitigation
Par. 14 – EU climate 
law Par. 16 (g) – Pillar 3; 
Benchmark Regulation
 
Climate change: Decarbonization plan  
Climate change: GHG metrics
EU Taxonomy and EU Taxonomy Annex
ESRS 2 SBM-3 Material impacts, 
risks and opportunities and their 
interaction with strategy and business 
model
PHASE-IN only for 
paragraph 48(e) 
(anticipated financial 
effects) 
Climate change: Climate risks and 
opportunities for the company (outside-in 
view)
ESRS 2 IRO-1 Description of the 
processes to identify and assess 
material climate-related impacts, 
risks and opportunities
 
 
Risk factors and 
uncertainties  
Integrated Risk 
Management
Climate change: Impacts, risks and 
opportunities related to climate change
EU Taxonomy and EU Taxonomy Annex
E1-2 Policies related to climate 
change mitigation and adaptation
 
 
 
Climate change: Policies and Climate 
Governance 
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies 
E1-3 Actions and resources in relation 
to climate change policies
 
 
 
Climate change: Decarbonization plan
E1-4 Targets related to climate 
change mitigation and adaptation
 
 
 
Climate change: Decarbonization strategy, 
Main GHG emission reduction targets, 
Targets for the reduction of methane 
emissions and flaring in the Upstream 
business (operated and cooperated assets)
ESRS E1-4 GHG emission reduction 
targets, paragraph 34
 Par. 34 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation; Pillar 3; 
Benchmark Regulation
 
 
Climate change: Decarbonization strategy, 
Main GHG emission reduction targets, 
Targets for the reduction of methane 
emissions and flaring in the Upstream 
business (operated and cooperated assets)
E1-5 Energy consumption and mix
 
 
Climate change: Metrics, Energy 
consumption and energy mix
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS E1-5 Energy consumption 
from fossil sources disaggregated 
by sources (only high climate impact 
sectors), paragraph 38
 Par. 38 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Climate change: Metrics, Energy 
consumption and energy mix
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics:
methodologies
ESRS E1-5 Energy consumption and 
mix, paragraph 37
Par. 37 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Climate change: Metrics, Energy
consumption and energy mix 
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
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Disclosure Requirement and 
related datapoint
Other EU Regulations
Not material(*)/  
Phase-in
Cross reference to the 
Annual Report 2024
2024 Sustainability Statement
ESRS E1-5
Energy intensity associated with 
activities in high climate impact 
sectors, paragraphs 40 to 43
Par. da 40 a 43 –
Sustainable Finance
Disclosure Regulation
NOT MATERIAL - The 
intensity indicators, and 
especially their trends, 
based on revenues are 
not representative for the 
sector as revenues are 
strictly dependent on the 
commodities prices.
 
E1-6 Gross Scopes 1, 2, 3 and Total 
GHG emissions
 
 
Climate change: GHG metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS E1-6 Gross Scope 1, 2, 3 and 
Total GHG emissions, paragraph 44
Par. 44 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation; Pillar 3; 
Benchmark Regulation
 
Climate change: GHG metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS E1-6 Gross GHG emissions 
intensity, paragraphs 53 to 55
Par. from 53 to 55 – 
Sustainable Finance 
Disclosure Regulation; 
Pillar 3; Benchmark 
Regulation
NOT MATERIAL - The 
intensity indicators, and 
especially their trends, 
based on revenues are 
not representative for the 
sector as revenues are 
strictly dependent on the 
commodities prices.
 
E1-7 GHG removals and GHG 
mitigation projects financed through 
carbon credits
 
 
Operating review:
CCS and Agri
Climate change: Decarbonization plan, 
Offsets and removals of GHG emissions
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS E1-7 GHG removals and carbon 
credits, paragraph 56
Para. 56 – EU Climate 
Law
 
 
Climate change: Decarbonization plan and 
Offsets and removals of GHG emissions
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
E1-8 Internal carbon pricing
 
 
 
Climate change: Climate risks and 
opportunities for the company (outside-in 
view) and Internal carbon pricing
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
E1-9 Anticipated financial effects 
from material physical and transition 
risks and potential climate-related 
opportunities
 
PHASE-IN
ESRS E1-9
Exposure of the benchmark portfolio 
to climate-related physical risks, 
paragraph 66
Par. 66 –Benchmark 
Regulation
PHASE-IN
 
ESRS E1-9
Disaggregation of monetary amounts 
by acute and chronic physical risk, 
paragraph 66, letter a)
ESRS E1-9
Location of significant assets at 
material physical risk, paragraph 66, 
letter c)
Par.  66 (a) – Pillar 3
Par.  66 (c) – Pillar 3
PHASE-IN
 
ESRS E1-9 
Breakdown of the carrying value of its 
real estate assets by energy-efficiency 
classes, paragraph 67, letter c)
Par. 67 (c) – Pillar 3
PHASE-IN
 
Degree of exposure of the portfolio 
to climate-related opportunities, 
paragraph 69
Par. 69 –Benchmark 
Regulation
PHASE-IN
 
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Disclosure Requirement and 
related datapoint
Other EU Regulations
Not material(*)/  
Phase-in
Cross reference to the 
Annual Report 2024
2024 Sustainability Statement
ENTITY SPECIFIC (ES) E1
ES E1-1 Scope 1 GHG emissions
of which: 
- CO2 equivalent from combustion and 
process
- CO2 equivalent from flaring
- CO2 equivalent from venting
- CO2 equivalent from methane fugitive 
emissions
Climate change: GHG metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E1-2
- Net Carbon Footprint upstream 
(Scope 1+2)
- Net Carbon Footprint Eni (Scope1+2)
Climate change: GHG metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E1-3
Net GHG Lifecycle Emissions (Scope 
1+2+3)
Climate change: GHG metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E1-4
Net Carbon Intensity (Scope 1+2+3)
Climate change: GHG metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E1-5
Renewable Installed capacity
Climate change: GHG metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E1-6
Capacity of biorefineries
Climate change: GHG metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E1-7
- Eni direct methane emissions
(Scope 1)
- of which: fugitive upstream
Climate change: GHG metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics:
methodologies
ES E1-8
Upstream methane emission intensity
Climate change: GHG metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E1-9
- Volume of hydrocarbons sent to 
flaring
- of which: routine Upstream
Climate change: GHG metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E1-10
Sold production of biofuels
Climate change: GHG metrics
Energy consumption and energy mix
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E1-11
-R&D expenditures
-of which: related to decarbonization
Climate change: GHG metrics
Energy consumption and energy mix
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E1-12
- Patent application first filings
- of which: related to renewable energy 
sources  
Climate change: Decarbonization plan, 
Locked-in Emissions Assessment, Patents 
and innovation
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS E2 POLLUTION
 
 
 
ESRS 2 IRO-1 Description of the 
processes to identify and assess 
material pollution-related impacts, 
risks and opportunities
 
 
Risk factors and 
uncertainties
Environment and Eni’s management system
Pollution: Material impacts, risks and 
opportunities (IROs)
E2-1 Policies related to pollution
 
 
 
Environment and Eni’s management system
Pollution: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies 
E2-2 Actions and resources related 
to pollution
 
 
 
Pollution: Actions taken on material IROs
E2-3 Targets related to pollution
 
 
 
Pollution: Targets and commitments
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Disclosure Requirement and 
related datapoint
Other EU Regulations
Not material(*)/  
Phase-in
Cross reference to the 
Annual Report 2024
2024 Sustainability Statement
E2-4 Pollution of air, water and soil
 
 
 
Pollution: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS E2-4
Amount of each pollutant listed in 
Annex II of the
E-PRTR Regulation (European 
Pollutant Release and Transfer 
Register) emitted to air, water and soil, 
paragraph 28
Par. 28 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Pollution: Metrics, Other pollutants listed in 
Regulation 166/2006 (E-PRTR)
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
E2-6 Anticipated financial effects 
from material pollution-related risks 
and opportunities
 
PHASE-IN 
ENTITY SPECIFIC (ES) E2
ES E2-1
- Operating oil spill (>1 barrel)
- of which: upstream
Pollution: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E2-2
- Operating oil spill volumes (>1 barrel)
- of which: upstream
Pollution: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E2-3
- Oil spill from sabotage (including 
theft) (>1 barrel)
- of which: upstream
Pollution: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E2-4
- Volumes of oil spill from sabotage 
(including theft) (>1 barrel)
- of which: upstream
Pollution: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E2-5
Oil spill volumes from sabotage 
(including theft) in Nigeria (>1 barrel)
Pollution: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E2-6 
Chemical spill
Pollution: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E2-7 
Chemical spill volumes
Pollution: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS E3 WATER AND 
MARINE RESOURCES
 
 
 
ESRS 2 IRO-1 Description of 
the processes to identify and 
assess material water and marine 
resources-related impacts, risks and 
opportunities
 
 
Environment and Eni’s management system
Water resources: Actions taken on material 
IROs
E3-1 Policies related to water and 
marine resources
 
 
 
Pollution: Policies
Water resources: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
ESRS E3-1
Water and marine resources, 
paragraph 9
Par. 9 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Pollution: Policies
Water resources: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
ESRS E3-1
Dedicated policy, paragraph 13
Par. 13 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
Not applicable – Policies 
cover all sites
 
ESRS E3-1
Sustainable oceans and seas, 
paragraph 14
Par. 14 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 NOT MATERIAL
 
E3-2 Actions and resources related  
to water and marine resources
 
 
 
Water resources: Actions taken on material 
IROs
E3-3 Targets related to water and 
marine resources
 
 
 
Water resources: Targets and commitments
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Disclosure Requirement and 
related datapoint
Other EU Regulations
Not material(*)/  
Phase-in
Cross reference to the 
Annual Report 2024
2024 Sustainability Statement
E3-4 Water consumption
 
 
 
Water resources: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS E3-4 Total water recycled and 
reused, paragraph 28, letter c)
Par. 28 (c) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Water resources: Metrics 
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics 
methodologies
ESRS E3-4 
Total water consumption in m3 per 
net revenue on own operations, 
paragraph 29
Par. 29 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
NOT MATERIAL - The 
intensity indicators, and 
especially their trends, 
based on revenues are 
not representative for the 
sector as revenues are 
strictly dependent on the 
commodities prices.
 
E3-5 Anticipated financial effects from 
material water and marine resources-
related risks and opportunities
 
PHASE-IN
 
ENTITY SPECIFIC (ES) E3
ES E3-1
Water withdrawals
- of which: seawater
- of which: fresh water
Water resources: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E3-2
Water discharge
Water resources: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E3-3
Fresh water reuse
Water resources: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES E3-4 
Reinjected produced water
Water resources: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS E4 BIODIVERSITY AND 
ECOSYSTEMS
 
 
 
E4-1 Transition plan and consideration 
of biodiversity and ecosystems in 
strategy and business model
 
 
 
Biodiversity: Material impacts, risks and 
opportunities (IROs)
ESRS 2 SBM-3 Material impacts, risks 
and opportunities and their interaction 
with strategy and business model
 
 
 
Biodiversity: Material impacts, risks and 
opportunities (IROs), Actions taken on 
material IROs and metrics
ESRS 2 SBM-3 – E4 paragraph 16,
letter a), point i)
Par. 16 (a) i – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Biodiversity: Actions taken on material IROs 
and metrics
ESRS 2 SBM-3 – E4 paragraph 16,
letter b)
Par. 16 (b) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Biodiversity: Actions taken on material IROs 
and metrics
ESRS 2 SBM-3 – E4 paragraph 16,
letter c)
Par. 16 (c) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Biodiversity: Actions taken on material IROs 
and metrics
ESRS 2 IRO-1 Description of 
processes to identify and assess 
material biodiversity and ecosystem-
related impacts, risks, dependencies 
and opportunities
 
 
Biodiversity: Material impacts, risks and 
opportunities (IROs), Actions taken on 
material IROs and metrics
E4-2 Policies related to biodiversity 
and ecosystems
 
 
 
Biodiversity: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
ESRS E4-2
Sustainable land / agriculture practices 
or policies, paragraph 24, letter b)
Par. 24 (b) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Biodiversity: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
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ANNEX

Disclosure Requirement and 
related datapoint
Other EU Regulations
Not material(*)/  
Phase-in
Cross reference to the 
Annual Report 2024
2024 Sustainability Statement
ESRS E4-2
Sustainable oceans / seas practices 
or policies, paragraph 24, letter c)
Par. 24 (c) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
NOT MATERIAL
 
ESRS E4-2
Policies to address deforestation, 
paragraph 24, letter d)
Par. 24 (d) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Biodiversity: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
E4-3 Actions and resources related to 
biodiversity and ecosystems
 
 
 
Biodiversity: Actions taken on material IROs 
and  metrics
E4-4 Targets related to biodiversity 
and ecosystems
 
 
 
Biodiversity: Targets and commitments
E4-5 Impact metrics related to 
biodiversity and ecosystems change
 
 
 
Biodiversity: Actions taken on material IROs 
and metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
E4-6 Anticipated financial effects 
from material biodiversity and 
ecosystem-related risks and 
opportunities
 
PHASE-IN 
 
ESRS E5 RESOURCE USE 
AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
 
 
 
ESRS 2 IRO-1 Description of the 
processes to identify and assess 
material resource use and circular 
economy-related impacts, risks and 
opportunities
 
 
 
Environment and Eni’s management system
Resource use and circular economy: 
Material impacts, risks and opportunities 
(IROs)
E5-1 Policies related to resource use 
and circular economy
 
 
 
Resource use and circular economy: 
Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
E5-2 Actions and resources related to 
resource use and circular economy
 
 
Operating review:
Refining and Chemicals,
Circular economy 
initiatives and chemicals 
from renewables;
Environmental activities 
Resource use and circular economy: 
Actions taken on material IROs
E5-3 Targets related to resource use 
and circular economy
 
 
 
Resource use and circular economy: 
Targets and commitments
E5-4 Resource inflows
The metrics of E5-4 
Resource inflows (net of 
incoming and outgoing 
hydrocarbons) are not 
material, as it is not a 
sector with a high use of 
materials
 
Operating review:
Refining and Chemicals,
Circular economy 
initiatives and chemicals 
from renewables
E5-5 Resource outflows
 
 
Operating review:
Refining and Chemicals,
Circular economy 
initiatives and chemicals 
from renewables
Resource use and circular economy: 
Material impacts, risks and opportunities 
(IROs), Metrics
ESRS E5-5
Non-recycled waste, paragraph 37, 
letter d)
Par. 37 (d) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Resource use and circular economy: 
Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS E5-5
Hazardous waste and radioactive 
waste, paragraph 39
Par. 39 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Resource use and circular economy: 
Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
E5-6 Anticipated financial effects 
from material resource use and 
circular economy-related risks and 
opportunities
 
 PHASE-IN
 
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Disclosure Requirement and 
related datapoint
Other EU Regulations
Not material(*)/  
Phase-in
Cross reference to the 
Annual Report 2024
2024 Sustainability Statement
ESRS S1 OWN WORKFORCE
 
 
 
ESRS 2 SBM-2 Interests and views of 
stakeholders
 
 
 
General Information: Stakeholder 
engagement
ESRS 2 SBM-3 Material impacts, 
risks and opportunities and their 
interaction with strategy and business 
model
 
 
 
General Information: Stakeholder 
engagement
Eni’s own workforce: Material impacts, risks 
and opportunities (IROs) 
ESRS 2- SBM3 - S1
Risk of incidents of forced labour 
paragraph 14, letter f)
Par. 14 (f) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Human rights for Eni: Monitoring human 
rights, Salient Human Rights Issues
ESRS 2- SBM3 - S1
Risk of incidents of child labour 
paragraph 14, letter g)
Par. 14 (g) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Human rights for Eni: Monitoring human 
rights, Salient Human Rights Issues
S1-1 Policies related to own 
workforce
 
 
 
Eni’s own workforce: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
ESRS S1-1
Human rights policy commitments, 
paragraph 20
Par. 20 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Human rights for Eni: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
ESRS S1-1
Due diligence policies on issues 
addressed by the fundamental 
International Labor Organisation 
Conventions 1 to 8, paragraph 21
Par. 21 – Benchmark 
Regulation
 
 
Human rights for Eni: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
ESRS S1-1
Processes and measures for 
preventing trafficking in human beings, 
paragraph 22
Par. 22 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Human rights for Eni: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
ESRS S1-1
Workplace accident prevention policy 
or management system, paragraph 23
Par. 23 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Healt & safety: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
S1-2 Processes for engaging 
with own workforce and workers’ 
representatives about impacts
 
 
Eni’s own workforce: Employee engagement
S1-3 Processes to remediate negative 
impacts and channels for own 
workforce to raise concerns
 
 
Governance: The 
Internal Control and Risk 
Management System
Human rights for Eni: Monitoring human 
rights, Access to Remedial Measures, 
Whistleblowing process and Grievance 
Mechanisms
Eni’s own workforce: Employee engagement, 
whistleblowing and remediation 
mechanisms
Business conduct: Targets and 
commitments, Actions taken on material 
IROs, Reporting and verification process in 
case of violations of the Code of Ethics, anti-
corruption rules and other regulations  
ESRS S1-3
Grievance/complaints handling 
mechanisms, paragraph 32, letter c)
Par. 32 (c) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Human rights for Eni: Monitoring human 
rights, Access to Remedial Measures, 
Whistleblowing  process and Grievance 
Mechanisms
S1-4 Taking action on material 
impacts on own workforce, and 
approaches to managing material 
risks and pursuing material 
opportunities related to own 
workforce, and effectiveness of 
those actionsi
 
 
 
General Information: Process and results of 
the double materiality assessment
Human rights for Eni: Monitoring human 
rights
Eni’s own workforce: Policies, Employee 
engagement, whistleblowing and 
remediation mechanisms, Actions taken on 
material IROs
Health & Safety, Health
S1-5 Targets related to managing 
material negative impacts, advancing 
positive impacts, and managing 
material risks and opportunities
 
 
 
Eni’s own workforce: Targets and 
commitments
S1-6 Characteristics of the 
undertaking’s employees
 
 
 
Eni’s own workforce: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
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Disclosure Requirement and 
related datapoint
Other EU Regulations
Not material(*)/  
Phase-in
Cross reference to the 
Annual Report 2024
2024 Sustainability Statement
S1-7 Characteristics of non-
employees in the undertaking’s own 
workforce
 
 
 
Eni’s own workforce: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
S1-8 Collective bargaining coverage 
and social dialogue
 
 
 
Eni’s own workforce: Employee engagement, 
Industrial relations, Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
S1-9 Diversity metrics
 
 
Eni’s own workforce: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
S1-10 Adequate wages
 
 
 
Eni’s own workforce: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
S1-11 Social protection
 PHASE-IN
 
S1-12 People with disabilities
 PHASE-IN
 
S1-13 Training and skills development 
metrics
 
 
 
Eni’s own workforce: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
S1-14 Health and safety metrics
 
 
 
Eni’s own workforce: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS S1-14
Number of fatalities and number 
and rate of work-related accidents, 
paragraph 88, letters b) and c)
Par. 88 (b), (c) – 
Sustainable Finance 
Disclosure Regulation; 
Benchmark Regulation
PHASE-IN 
(non-employees)
 
Healt & safety: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS S1-14
Number of days lost to injuries, 
accidents, fatalities or illness, 
paragraph 88, letter e)
Par. 88 (e) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
PHASE-IN 
with reference to 
occupational diseases. 
Phase-in adopted also for 
non-employees)
 
Healt & safety: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
S1-15 Work-life balance metrics
 
 
 
Eni’s own workforce: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
S1-16 Remuneration metrics (pay gap 
and total remuneration)
 
 
 
Eni’s own workforce: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS S1-16
Unadjusted gender pay gap, paragraph 
97, letter a)
Par. 97 (a) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation; Benchmark 
Regulation
 
 
Eni’s own workforce: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS S1-16
Excessive CEO pay ratio, paragraph 
97, letter b)
Par. 97 (b) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Eni’s own workforce: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
S1-17 Incidents, complaints and 
severe human rights impacts
 
 
 
Human rights for Eni: Monitoring human 
rights, Access to Remedial Measures, 
Whistleblowing process and Grievance 
Mechanisms, Disputes and non-judicial 
remedy mechanisms
Eni’s own workforce: Employee 
engagement, whistleblowing and 
remediation mechanisms
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS S1-17
Incidents of discrimination, paragraph 
103, letter a)
Par. 103 (a) – 
Sustainable Finance 
Disclosure Regulation
 
 
Human rights for Eni: Monitoring human 
rights, Access to Remedial Measures, 
Whistleblowing process and Grievance 
Mechanisms, Disputes and non-judicial 
remedy mechanisms
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Disclosure Requirement and 
related datapoint
Other EU Regulations
Not material(*)/  
Phase-in
Cross reference to the 
Annual Report 2024
2024 Sustainability Statement
ESRS S1-17 
Non-respect of the United Nations 
Guiding Principles on Business and 
Human Rights and OECD, paragraph 
104, letter a)
Par. 104 (a) – 
Sustainable Finance 
Disclosure Regulation; 
Benchmark Regulation
 
 
Human rights for Eni: Monitoring human 
rights, Access to Remedial Measures, 
Whistleblowing process and Grievance 
Mechanisms, Disputes and non-judicial 
remedy mechanisms
Eni’s own workforce: Employee 
engagement, Whistleblowing and 
remediation mechanisms
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ENTITY SPECIFIC (ES)
ES S1-1
Human rights training hours
Human rights for Eni: Monitoring human 
rights
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES S1-2
Employees who have received human 
rights training
Human rights for Eni: Monitoring human 
rights
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES S1-3
Local employees abroad
Eni’s own workforce: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES S1-4
Non-Italian employees in positions of 
responsibility
Eni’s own workforce: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES S1-5
New hires with permanent contracts
Eni’s own workforce: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES S1-6
Training hours
Eni’s own workforce: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES S1-7 
Near miss
Health & Safety: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES S1-8 
Fatality index
Health & Safety: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES S1-9
Worked hours
Health & Safety: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES S1-10
Participation in health promotion 
initiatives
Health & Safety: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES S1-11
Healthcare services supported by Eni
Health & Safety: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES S1-12
Occupational diseases claims 
submitted by heirs
Health & Safety: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES S1-13
Tier 1 Process Safety Events
Health & Safety: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES S1-14
Process safety Tier 2 events
Health & Safety: Metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS S2 WORKERS IN THE 
VALUE CHAIN
 
 
 
ESRS 2 SBM-2 Interests and views of 
stakeholders
 
 
 
General Information: Stakeholder 
engagement
Workers in Eni’s value chain: Actions taken 
on material IROs  
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Disclosure Requirement and 
related datapoint
Other EU Regulations
Not material(*)/  
Phase-in
Cross reference to the 
Annual Report 2024
2024 Sustainability Statement
ESRS 2 SBM-3 Material impacts, 
risks and opportunities and their 
interaction with strategy and business 
model
 
 
Risk factors and 
uncertainties
General Information: Stakeholder 
engagement
Workers in Eni’s value chain: Material 
impacts, risks and opportunities (IROs), 
Actions taken on material IROs
Business conduct: Sustainable supply chain 
management, Actions taken on material 
IROs
ESRS 2- SBM3 – S2
Significant risk of child labour or 
forced labour in the value chain, 
paragraph 11, letter b)
Par. 11 (b) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Workers in Eni’s value chain: Actions taken 
on material IROs  
S2-1 Policies related to value chain 
workers
 
 
Workers in Eni’s value chain: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
ESRS S2-1
Human rights policy commitments, 
paragraph 17
Par. 17 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
ESRS S2-1 
Policies related to value chain workers, 
paragraph 18
Par. 18 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
ESRS S2-1
Non-respect of UNGPs on Business 
and Human Rights principles and 
OECD guidelines paragraph 19
Par. 19 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation; Benchmark 
Regulation
 
 
Workers in Eni’s value chain: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
ESRS S2-1
due diligence policies on issues 
addressed by the fundamental 
International Labor Organisation 
Conventions 1 to 8, paragraph 19
Par. 19 – Benchmark 
Regulation
 
 
Workers in Eni’s value chain: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
S2-2 Processes for engaging with 
value chain workers about impacts
 
 
Workers in Eni’s value chain: Engagement of 
the workers in the value chain, Actions taken 
on material IROs
Business conduct: Actions taken on material 
IROs, Anti-corruption initiatives for Eni's value 
chain
S2-3 Processes to remediate negative 
impacts and channels for value chain 
workers to raise concerns
 
 
Governance: The 
Internal Control and Risk 
Management System
Human rights for Eni: Monitoring human 
rights, Access to Remedial Measures, 
Whistleblowing process and Grievance 
Mechanisms
Workers in Eni’s value chain: Engagement 
of the workers in the value chain, 
Whistleblowing mechanism for workers in 
the value chain and remediation processes
Business conduct: Targets and 
commitments, Actions taken on material 
IROs, Reporting and verification process in 
case of violations of the Code of Ethics, anti-
corruption rules and other regulations  
S2-4 Taking action on material 
impacts on value chain workers, 
and approaches to managing 
material risks and pursuing material 
opportunities related to value chain 
workers, and effectiveness of those 
actions
 
 
 
Workers in Eni’s value chain: Engagement of 
the workers in the value chain, Actions taken 
on material IROs
Business conduct: Sustainable supply chain 
management, Actions taken on material IROs
ESRS S2-4
Human rights issues and incidents 
connected to its upstream and 
downstream value chain,  
paragraph 36
Par. 36 - Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Human rights for Eni: Monitoring human 
rights, Disputes and non-judicial remedy 
mechanisms
Workers in Eni’s value chain: Material 
impacts, risks and opportunities (IROs)
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
S2-5 Targets related to managing 
material negative impacts, advancing 
positive impacts, and managing 
material risks and opportunities
 
 
 
Workers in Eni’s value chain: Targets and 
commitments
Business conduct: Targets and 
commitments
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Disclosure Requirement and 
related datapoint
Other EU Regulations
Not material(*)/  
Phase-in
Cross reference to the 
Annual Report 2024
2024 Sustainability Statement
ESRS S3 AFFECTED 
COMMUNITIES
 
 
 
ESRS 2 SBM-2 Interests and views of 
stakeholders
 
 
 
General Information: Stakeholder 
engagement
Local communities: Material impacts, risks 
and opportunities (IROs)
ESRS 2 SBM-3 Material impacts, 
risks and opportunities and their 
interaction with strategy and 
business model
 
 
 
General Information: Stakeholder 
engagement
Local communities: Material impacts, risks 
and opportunities (IROs)
S3-1 Policies related to affected 
communities
 
 
 
Local communities: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
ESRS S3-1
Human rights policy commitments, 
paragraph 16
Par. 16 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Local communities: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
ESRS S3-1
Non-respect of UNGPs on Business 
and Human Rights, ILO principles or 
and OECD guidelines, paragraph 17
Par. 17 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation; Benchmark 
Regulation
 
 
Local communities: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
S3-2 Processes for engaging with 
affected communities about impacts
 
 
 
Local communities: Material impacts, risks 
and opportunities (IROs)
Local communities: Community 
engagement
S3-3 Processes to remediate negative 
impacts and channels for affected 
communities to raise concerns
 
 
 
Human rights for Eni: Monitoring human 
rights, Access to Remedial Measures, 
Whistleblowing process and Grievance 
Mechanisms
S3-4 Taking action on material 
impacts on affected communities, 
and approaches to managing 
material risks and pursuing material 
opportunities related to affected 
communities, and effectiveness of 
those actions
 
 
Integrated Risk 
Management
Local communities: Material impacts, risks 
and opportunities (IROs)
Local communities: Community 
engagement, Actions and metrics
ESRS S3-4
Human rights issues and incidents, 
paragraph 36
Par. 36 - Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Human rights for Eni: Monitoring human 
rights, Disputes and non-judicial remedy 
mechanisms
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
S3-5 Targets related to managing 
material negative impacts, advancing 
positive impacts, and managing 
material risks and opportunities
 
 
 
Local communities: Targets and 
commitments
ENTITY SPECIFIC (ES)
ES S3-1 – Security personnel trained 
on human rights
Local communities: Actions and metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES S3-2 - Security personnel
(professional area) trained on human 
rights
Local communities: Actions and metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES S3-3 - Security contracts
containing clauses on human rights 
Local communities: Actions and metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES S3-4 - Number of grievances
Local communities: Actions and metrics
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS S4 CONSUMERS AND 
END USERS
 
 
 
ESRS 2 SBM-2 Interests and views of 
stakeholders
 
 
 
General Information: Stakeholder 
engagement
Clients and consumers: Material impacts, 
risks and opportunities (IROs)
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Disclosure Requirement and 
related datapoint
Other EU Regulations
Not material(*)/  
Phase-in
Cross reference to the 
Annual Report 2024
2024 Sustainability Statement
ESRS 2 SBM-3 Material impacts, 
risks and opportunities and their 
interaction with strategy and business 
model
 
 
 
General Information: Stakeholder 
engagement
Clients and consumers: Material impacts, 
risks and opportunities (IROs)
S4-1 Policies related to consumers 
and end-users
 
 
 
Clients and consumers: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
ESRS S4-1 
Policies related to consumers and 
end-users, paragraph 16
Par. 16 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Clients and consumers: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
ESRS S4-1
Non-respect of UNGPs on Business 
and Human Rights and OECD 
guidelines, paragraph 17
Par. 17 – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation; Benchmark 
Regulation
 
 
Clients and consumers: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
S4-2 Processes for engaging with 
consumers and end-users about 
impacts
 
 
Clients and consumers: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
S4-3 Processes to remediate negative 
impacts and channels for consumers 
and end-users to raise concerns
 
 
Human rights for Eni: Monitoring human 
rights, Access to Remedial Measures, 
Whistleblowing process and Grievance 
Mechanisms
Clients and consumers: Customer 
engagement, Remediation processes and 
whistleblowing channels
S4-4 Taking action on material 
impacts on consumers and end- 
users, and approaches to managing 
material risks and pursuing material 
opportunities related to consumers 
and end-users, and effectiveness of 
those actions
Human rights for Eni: Monitoring human 
rights, Human Rights Due Diligence, 
Disputes and non-judicial remedy 
mechanisms
Clients and consumers: Customer 
engagement, Remediation processes and 
whistleblowing channels, Actions taken on 
material IROs
ESRS S4-4
Human rights issues and incidents 
paragraph 35
Par. 35- Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Clients and consumers: Customer 
engagement, Remediation processes and 
whistleblowing channels
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
S4-5 Targets related to managing 
material negative impacts, advancing 
positive impacts, and managing 
material risks and opportunities
 
 
Clients and consumers: Targets and 
commitments
ESRS G1 BUSINESS 
CONDUCT
 
 
 
ESRS 2 GOV-1 The role of the 
administrative, management and 
supervisory bodies
 
 
Governance
Integrated Risk 
Management
Business conduct: Actions taken on material 
IROs
ESRS 2 IRO-1 Description of the 
processes to identify and assess 
material impacts, risks and 
opportunities
 
 
 
Business conduct: Material impacts, risks 
and opportunities (IROs)
G1-1 Business conduct policies and 
corporate culture
 
 
 
Business conduct: Policies, Actions taken 
on material IROs, Conduct, business culture 
and corruption prevention
ESRS G1-1
United Nations Convention against 
corruption, paragraph 10, letter b)
Par. 10 (b) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
ESRS G1-1
Protection of whistle-blowers, 
paragraph 10, letter d)
Par. 10 (d) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation; Benchmark 
Regulation
NOT APPLICABLE – There 
are “whistleblowers” 
policies in place
 
Business conduct: Policies
Reporting principles and criteria: Policies
G1-2 Management of relationships 
with suppliers
 
 
 
Business conduct: Sustainable supply chain 
management, Supplier Payment Practices
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Disclosure Requirement and 
related datapoint
Other EU Regulations
Not material(*)/  
Phase-in
Cross reference to the 
Annual Report 2024
2024 Sustainability Statement
ES G1-1
Number of suppliers involved in 
awareness, measurement and 
collaboration initiatives on ESG topics
 
Business conduct: Sustainable supply chain 
management
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES G1-2
% of active contracts with suppliers
involved in awareness, measurement 
and collaboration initiatives on ESG 
topics
 
Business conduct: Sustainable supply chain 
management
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ES G1-3
% of the value of active contracts 
with suppliers involved in awareness, 
measurement and collaboration 
initiatives on ESG topics
 
Business conduct: Sustainable supply chain 
management
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
G1-3 Prevention and detection of 
corruption and bribery
 
 
 
Business conduct: Actions taken on material 
IROs, Conduct, business culture and 
corruption prevention, The role of the Internal 
Audit department and related actions
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
G1-4 Incidents of corruption or bribery
 
 
 
Business conduct: Actions taken on material 
IROs, Conduct, business culture and 
corruption prevention, The role of the Internal 
Audit department and related actions
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS G1-4
Fines for violation of anti-corruption 
and anti-bribery laws, paragraph 24, 
letter a)
Par. 24 (a) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation; Benchmark 
Regulation
 
 
Business conduct: Actions taken on material 
IROs, Conduct, business culture and 
corruption prevention, The role of the Internal 
Audit department and related actions
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
ESRS G1-4
Standards of anti- corruption and anti- 
bribery, paragraph 24, letter 
Par. 24 (b) – Sustainable 
Finance Disclosure 
Regulation
 
 
Business conduct: Actions taken on material 
IROs, Conduct, business culture and 
corruption prevention, The role of the Internal 
Audit department and related actions
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
G1-5 Political influence and lobbying 
activities
 
 
 
Business conduct: Eni's lobbying activities, 
Political contributions
G1-6 Payment practices
 
 
 
Business conduct: Actions taken on material 
IROs, Supplier Payment Practices
Reporting principles and criteria: Metrics: 
methodologies
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Certification of the Sustainability Statement 
pursuant to article 81-ter, paragraph 1, of the 
Consob Regulation n. 11971 of 14 May 1999 
and subsequent changes and additions
The undersigned Claudio Descalzi and Francesco Esposito, in their quality as Chief Executive Officer and Officer responsible for the 
preparation of financial reports of Eni, pursuant to article 154-bis, paragraph 5-ter, of Legislative Decree February 24, 1998, no. 58, certify that 
the Sustainability Statement included in the Management Report has been prepared:
a)	
in accordance with the reporting standards applied pursuant to Directive 2013/34/UE of the European Parliament and the Council of 26 
June 2013 and Legislative Decree September 6, 2024, no. 125;
b)	
with the specifications adopted pursuant to Article 8, paragraph 4, of Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the 
Council of June 18, 2020.
March 18, 2025
	
/s/ Claudio Descalzi
	
Claudio Descalzi
	
Chief Executive Officer
	
/s/ Francesco Esposito
	
Francesco Esposito
	
Head of accounting 
and financial statements
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ANNEX

Other information
Acceptance of Italian responsible payments code
Coherently with Eni’s policy on transparency and accuracy in 
managing its suppliers, Eni SpA adhered to the Italian responsible 
payments code established by Assolombarda in 2014. In 2024, 
payments to Eni’s suppliers were made within 53 days, in line with 
contractual provisions.
Rules for transparency and substantial and procedural fairness of 
transactions with related parties 
The rules for transparency and substantial and procedural fairness 
of transactions with related parties adopted by the Company, in line 
with the Consob listing standards are available on the Company’s 
website and in the 2024 Corporate Governance and Shareholding 
Structure Report.
Branches
In accordance with Article No. 2428 of the Italian Civil Code, it is 
hereby stated that Eni has the following branches:
San Donato Milanese (MI) - Via Emilia, 1;
San Donato Milanese (MI) - Piazza Vanoni, 1.
Subsequent events
Subsequent business developments are described in the operating 
review of each of Eni’s business segments. 
See also note “Subsequent events” in the notes to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements.
Buy-back program
Eni’s Shareholders Meeting, on May 15, 2024, authorized a share 
buy-back program concerning €2 billion. The first tranche of 2024 
share buy-back program, launched on May 27, 2024, was completed 
in June with the purchasing of 6.4 million treasury shares (equal to 
0.19% of share capital) for a total cost of €92 million.
The second tranche of the share buy-back program initiated in June and 
concluded in February 2025 with the purchase of 138 million own shares 
(equal to 4.19% of share capital) for a cash outlay of €1.908 billion.
On February 20, 2025, was finalized the €2 bln buy-back program with 
the total purchase of 144 milion of shares. Considering the treasury 
shares already held and the purchases made since the start of the buy-
back program on May 27, 2024, as well as the free of charge shares 
granted  to Eni’s directors and employees, Eni holds 229,335,738 
shares equal to 6.98% of the share capital.
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Glossary
The glossary of Oil & Gas terms is available on Eni’s web page at the 
address eni.com. Below is a selection of the most frequently used 
terms.
2nd and 3rd generation feedstock Are feedstocks not in competition 
with the food supply chain as the first generation feedstock (vegetable 
oils). Second generation are mostly agricultural nonfood and agro/
urban waste (such as animal fats, used cooking oils and agricultural 
waste) and the third generation feedstocks are non-agricultural high 
innovation feedstocks (deriving from algae or waste).
Average reserve life index Ratio between the amount of reserves at 
the end of the year and total production for the year.
Barrel/bbl Volume unit corresponding to 159 liters. A barrel of oil 
corresponds to about 0.137 metric tonnes.
Boe (Barrel of Oil Equivalent) Is used as a standard unit measure for 
oil and natural gas. Effective January 1st, 2023, Eni has updated the 
conversion rate of gas produced to 5,232 cubic feet of gas equals 1 
barrel of oil.
Compounding Activity specialized in production of semi-finished 
products in granular form resulting from the combination of two or 
more chemical products.
Conversion Refinery process allowing the transformation of heavy 
fractions into lighter fractions. Conversion processes are cracking, 
visbreaking, coking, the gasification of refinery residues, etc. The 
ration of overall treatment capacity of these plants and that of 
primary crude fractioning plants is the conversion rate of a refinery. 
Flexible refineries have higher rates and higher profitability.
Elastomers (or Rubber) Polymers, either natural or synthetic, which, 
unlike plastic, when stress is applied, return, to a certain degree, to 
their original shape, once the stress ceases to be applied. The main 
synthetic elastomers are polybutadiene (BR), styrene-butadiene 
rubber (SBR), ethylenepropylene rubber (EPR), thermoplastic rubber 
(TPR) and nitrylic rubber (NBR).
Emissions of NOx (Nitrogen Oxides) Total direct emissions of nitrogen 
oxides deriving from combustion processes in air. The include NOx 
emissions from flaring activities, sulphur recovery processes, FCC 
regeneration, etc. They include NO and NO2 emissions and exclude 
N2O emissions.
Emissions of SOx (Sulphur Oxides) Total direct emissions of sulfur 
oxides including SO2 and SO3 emissions. Main sources are combustion 
plants, diesel engines (including maritime engines), gas flaring (if the 
gas contains H2S), sulphur recovery processes, FCC regeneration, etc.
Enhanced recovery Techniques used to increase or stretch over time 
the production of wells.
Eni carbon efficiency index Ratio between GHG emissions 
(Scope 1 and Scope 2 in tonnes CO2eq.) of the main industrial 
activities operated by Eni divided by the productions (converted 
by homogeneity into barrels of oil equivalent using Eni’s average 
conversion factors) of the single businesses of reference.
Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Gases in the atmosphere, transparent 
to solar radiation, that trap infrared radiation emitted by the earth’s 
surface. The greenhouse gases relevant within Eni’s activities 
are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). 
GHG emissions are commonly reported in CO2 equivalent (CO2eq.) 
according to Global Warming Potential values in line with IPCC AR4, 
4th Assessment Report.
Infilling wells Infilling wells are wells drilled in a producing area in 
order to improve the recovery of hydrocarbons from the field and to 
maintain and/or increase production levels.
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas obtained through the cooling of natural 
gas to minus 160°C at normal pressure. The gas is liquefied to allow 
transportation from the place of extraction to the sites at which it is 
transformed and consumed. One ton of LNG corresponds to 1,400 
cubic meters of gas.
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas, a mix of light petroleum fractions, 
gaseous at normal pressure and easily liquefied at room temperature 
through limited compression.
Mineral Potential (potentially recoverable hydrocarbon volumes) 
Estimated recoverable volumes which cannot be defined as 
reserves due to a number of reasons, such as the temporary lack 
of viable markets, a possible commercial recovery dependent 
on the development of new technologies, or for their location in 
accumulations yet to be developed or where evaluation of known 
accumulations is still at an early stage.
Moulding Activity of moulding of expanded polyolefins for production 
of ultra-light products.
Natural gas liquids Liquid or liquefied hydrocarbons recovered from 
natural gas through separation equipment or natural gas treatment 
plants. Propane, normal-butane and isobutane, isopentane and 
pentane plus, that used to be defined natural gasoline, are natural 
gas liquids.
Net Carbon Footprint Overall Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions 
associated with Eni’s operations, accounted for on an equity basis, 
net of carbon offsets mainly from Natural Climate Solutions.
Net Carbon Intensity Ratio between the Net GHG lifecycle emissions 
and the energy products sold, accounted for on an equity basis.
Net GHG Lifecycle Emissions GHG Scope 1+2+3 emissions 
associated with the value chain of the energy products sold by 
Eni, including both those deriving from own productions and those 
purchased from third parties, accounted for on an equity basis, net 
of offset mainly from Natural Climate Solutions.
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Oil spills Discharge of oil or oil products from refining or oil waste 
occurring in the normal course of operations (when accidental) or 
deriving from actions intended to hinder operations of business 
units or from sabotage by organized groups (when due to sabotage 
or terrorism).
Oilfield chemicals Innovative solutions for supply of chemicals and 
related ancillary services for Oil & Gas business.
Olefins (or Alkenes) Hydrocarbons that are particularly active 
chemically, used for this reason as raw materials in the synthesis of 
intermediate products and of polymers.
Over/underlifting Agreements stipulated between partners regulate 
the right of each to its share in the production of a set period of time. 
Amounts different from the agreed ones determine temporary over/
underlifting situations.
Plasmix The collective name for the different plastics that currently 
have no use in the market of recycling and can be used as a feedstock 
in the new circular economy businesses of Eni.
Production Sharing Agreement (PSA) Contract in use in African, 
Middle Eastern, Far Eastern and Latin American Countries, among 
others, regulating relationships between states and oil companies 
with regard to the exploration and production of hydrocarbons. The 
mineral right is awarded to the national oil company jointly with 
the foreign oil company that has an exclusive right to perform 
exploration, development and production activities and can enter 
into agreements with other local or international entities. In this type 
of contract, the national oil company assigns to the international 
contractor the task of performing exploration and production with 
the contractor’s equipment and financial resources. Exploration 
risks are borne by the contractor and production is divided into two 
portions: “cost oil” is used to recover costs borne by the contractor 
and “profit oil” is divided between the contractor and the national 
company according to variable schemes and represents the profit 
deriving from exploration and production. Further terms and 
conditions of these contracts may vary from Country to Country.
Proved reserves Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities 
of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering 
data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically 
producible from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, 
and under existing economic conditions. The project to extract 
the hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must 
be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a 
reasonable time.
Renewable Installed Capacity Is measured as the maximun 
generating capacity of Eni’s share of power plants that use renewable 
energy sources (wind, solar and wave, and any other non-fossil fuel 
source of generation deriving from natural resources, excluding, 
from the avoidance of doubt, nuclear energy) to produce electricity. 
The capacity is considered “installed” once the power plants are in 
operation or the mechanical completion phase has been reached. 
The mechanical completion represents the final construction stage 
excluding the grid connection.
Reserves Quantities of oil and gas and related substances 
anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by 
application of development projects to known accumulations. 
In addition, there must exist, or there must be a reasonable 
expectation that will exist, the legal right to produce or a revenue 
interest in the production, installed means of delivering oil and gas 
or related substances to market, and all permits and financing 
required to implement the project. Reserves can be: (i) developed 
reserves quantities of oil and gas anticipated to be through 
installed extraction equipment and infrastructure operational at the 
time of the reserves estimate; (ii) undeveloped reserves: oil and gas 
expected to be recovered from new wells, facilities and operating 
methods.
Scope 1 GHG Emissions Direct greenhouse gas emissions from 
Company’s operations, produced from sources that are owned or 
controlled by the Company.
Scope 2 GHG Emissions Indirect greenhouse gas emissions resulting 
from the generation of electricity, steam and heat purchased from 
third parties.
Scope 3 GHG Emissions Indirect GHG emissions associated with 
the value chain of Eni’s products.
Ship-or-pay Clause included in natural gas transportation contracts 
according to which the customer for which the transportation is 
carried out is bound to pay for the transportation of the gas also in 
case the gas is not transported.
Take-or-pay Clause included in natural gas purchase contracts 
according to which the purchaser is bound to pay the contractual 
price or a fraction of such price for a minimum quantity of the gas 
set in the contract also in case it is not collected by the customer. 
The customer has the option of collecting the gas paid and not 
delivered at a price equal to the residual fraction of the price set in 
the contract in subsequent contract years.
UN SDGs The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the 
blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all 
by 2030. Adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, 
they address the global challenges the world is facing, including 
those related to poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental 
degradation, peace and justice. For further detail see the website 
https://unsdg.un.org.
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Upstream/downstream The term upstream refers to all hydrocarbon 
exploration and production activities. The term mid-downstream 
includes all activities inherent to oil industry subsequent to exploration 
and production. Process crude oil and oil-based feedstock for the 
production of fuels, lubricants and chemicals, as well as the supply, 
trading and transportation of energy commodities. It also includes 
the marketing business of refined and chemical products.
Upstream GHG Emission Intensity Ratio between 100% Scope 1 
GHG emissions from upstream operated assets and 100% gross 
operated production (expressed in barrel of oil equivalent).
Wholesale sales Domestic sales of refined products to wholesalers/
distributors (mainly gasoil), public administrations and end 
consumers, such as industrial plants, power stations (fuel oil), 
airlines (jet fuel), transport companies, big buildings and households. 
They do not include distribution through the service station network, 
marine bunkering, sales to oil and petrochemical companies, 
importers and international organizations.
Work-over Intervention on a well for performing significant 
maintenance and substitution of basic equipment for the collection 
and transport to the surface of liquids contained in a field.
/d
per day
km
kilometers
/y
per year
ktoe
thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
bbbl
billion barrels
ktonnes
thousand tonnes
bbl
barrels
mmbbl
million barrels
bboe
billion barrels of oil equivalent
mmboe
million barrels of oil equivalent
bcf
billion cubic feet
mmcf
milion cubic feet
bcm
billion cubic meters
mmcm
million cubic meters
bln liters
billion liters
mmtonnes
million tonnes
bln tonnes
billion tonnes
MTPA
Million Tonnes Per Annum
boe
barrels of oil equivalent
No.
number
cm
cubic meter
NGL
Natural Gas Liquids
GWh
Gigawatt hour
PCA
Production Concession Agreement
LNG
Liquefield Natural Gas
ppm
parts per million
LPG
Liquefield Petroleum Gas
PSA
Production Sharing Agreement
kbbl
thousand barrels
Tep
Ton of equivalent petroleum
kboe
thousand barrels of oil equivalent
TWh
Terawatt hour
ABBREVIATIONS
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Consolidated 
financial
statement 
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ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024

Financial statements	
274
Notes on consolidated financial statements	
282
Supplemental oil and gas information	
394
Certification pursuant to rule 154-bis, paragraph 5 of the Legislative Decree No. 58/1998	
415
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ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(€ million)
Note
Total 
amount
of which with 
related parties
Total 
amount
of which with 
related parties
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
(6)
8,183
10,193
3
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
(7)
6,797
6,782
Other current financial assets
(17)
1,085
48
896
19
Trade and other receivables
(8)
16,901
1,601
16,551
1,363
Inventories
(9)
6,259
6,186
Income tax receivables
(10)
695
460
Other current assets
(11) (24)
3,662
54
5,637
32
43,582
46,705
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment
(12)
59,864
56,299
Right-of-use assets
(13)
5,822
4,834
Intangible assets
(14)
6,434
6,379
Inventory - Compulsory stock
(9)
1,595
1,576
Equity-accounted investments
(16) (37)
14,150
12,630
Other investments
(16)
1,395
1,256
Other non-current financial assets
(17)
3,215
2,380
2,301
1,840
Deferred tax assets
(23)
6,322
4,482
Income tax receivables
(10)
129
142
Other non-current assets
(11) (24)
4,011
142
3,393
168
102,937
93,292
Assets held for sale
(25)
420
2,609
TOTAL ASSETS
146,939
142,606
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Short-term debt
(19)
4,238
136
4,092
222
Current portion of long-term debt
(19)
4,582
21
2,921
21
Current portion of long-term lease liabilities
(13)
1,279
152
1,128
21
Trade and other payables
(18)
22,092
4,017
20,654
4,245
Income tax payables
(10)
587
1,685
Other current liabilities
(11) (24)
5,049
34
5,579
62
37,827
36,059
Non-current liabilities
Long-term debt
(19)
21,570
79
21,716
65
Long-term lease liabilities
(13)
5,174
31
4,208
6
Provisions
(21)
15,774
15,533
Provisions for employee benefits
(22)
681
748
Deferred tax liabilities
(23)
5,581
4,702
Income tax payables
(10)
40
38
Other non-current liabilities
(11) (24)
4,449
520
4,096
511
53,269
51,041
Liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale
(25)
195
1,862
TOTAL LIABILITIES
91,291
88,962
Share capital
4,005
4,005
Retained earnings
32,552
32,988
Cumulative currency translation differences
8,081
5,238
Other reserves and equity instruments
8,406
8,515
Treasury shares
(2,883)
(2,333)
Profit
2,624
4,771
Equity attributable to equity holders of Eni
52,785
53,184
Non-controlling interest
2,863
460
TOTAL EQUITY
(26)
55,648
53,644
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
146,939
142,606
Information about the definitive purchase price allocation of business combinations made in 2023 is provided in note 27 ‐ Other Information.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Eni SpA constitute a non-official version which is not compliant with the provisions 
of the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/815.
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CONSOLIDATED PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT
2024
2023
2022
(€ million)
Note
Total
amount
of which
 with related 
parties
Total
amount
of which 
with related 
parties 
Total
amount
of which
 with related 
parties
Sales from operations
88,797
2,997
93,717
4,322
132,512
10,872
Other income and revenues
2,417
279
1,099
156
1,175
156
REVENUES AND OTHER INCOME
(29)
91,214
94,816
133,687
Purchases, services and other
(30)
(71,114)
(17,404)
(73,836)
(15,885)
(102,529)
(15,327)
Net (impairments) reversals of trade and other receivables
(8)
(168)
(2)
(249)
5
47
(2)
Payroll and related costs
(30)
(3,262)
3
(3,136)
(8)
(3,015)
(18)
Other operating income (expense)
(24)
(352)
201
478
17
(1,736)
3,306
Depreciation and amortization
(12) (13) (14)
(7,600)
(7,479)
(7,205)
Net (impairments) reversals of tangible, intangible  
and right-of-use assets
(15)
(2,900)
(1,802)
(1,140)
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets  
and right-of-use assets
(12) (13) (14)
(580)
(535)
(599)
OPERATING PROFIT
5,238
8,257
17,510
Finance income
(31)
7,715
198
7,417
155
8,450
160
Finance expense
(31)
(8,980)
(57)
(8,113)
(28)
(9,333)
(164)
Net finance income (expense) from financial assets at fair 
value through profit or loss
(31)
388
284
(55)
Derivative financial instruments
(24) (31)
278
(61)
1
13
2
FINANCE INCOME (EXPENSE)
(599)
(473)
(925)
Share of profit (loss) from equity-accounted investments
866
1,336
1,841
Other gain (loss) from investments
984
(12)
1,108
445
3,623
30
INCOME (EXPENSE) FROM INVESTMENTS
(16) (32)
1,850
2,444
5,464
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAXES
6,489
10,228
22,049
Income taxes
(33)
(3,725)
(5,368)
(8,088)
PROFIT
2,764
4,860
13,961
Attributable to Eni
2,624
4,771
13,887
Attributable to non-controlling interest
(26)
140
89
74
Earnings per share (€ per share)
(34)
Basic
0.79
1.41
3.96
Diluted
0.78
1.40
3.95
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(€ million)
Note
2024
2023
2022
Profit
2,764
4,860
13,961
Other items of comprehensive income (loss)
Items that are not reclassified to profit or loss in later periods
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans
(26)
8
(31)
60
Share of other comprehensive income (loss) on equity-accounted investments
(26)
1
(2)
3
Change of minor investments measured at fair value with effects to OCI
(26)
62
45
56
Tax effect
(26)
(4)
10
(5)
67
22
114
Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss in later periods
Currency translation differences 
(26)
3,066
(2,010)
1,095
Change in the fair value of cash flow hedging derivatives 
(26)
(912)
541
794
Share of other comprehensive income (loss) on equity-accounted investments 
(26)
(69)
54
(12)
Tax effect
(26)
263
(158)
(234)
2,348
(1,573)
1,643
Total other items of comprehensive income (loss)
2,415
(1,551)
1,757
Total comprehensive income
5,179
3,309
15,718
Attributable to Eni
4,962
3,220
15,643
Attributable to non-controlling interest  
217
89
75
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
Equity attributable to equity holders of Eni
(€ million)
Note
Share capital
Retained earnings
Cumulative currency 
translation differences
Other reserves and 
equity instruments
Treasury shares
Profit for the year
Total
Non-controlling interest
Total equity
Balance at December 31, 2023
(26)
4,005
32,988
5,238
8,515
(2,333)
4,771
53,184
460
53,644
Profit for the year
2,624
2,624
140
2,764
Other items of comprehensive income (loss)
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans net of tax effect
(26)
4
4
4
Share of “Other comprehensive income” on equity-accounted investments
(26)
1
1
1
Change of minor investments measured at fair value with effects to OCI
(26)
62
62
62
Items that are not reclassified to profit or loss in later periods
67
67
67
Currency translation differences
(26)
2,992
(2)
2,990
76
3,066
Change in the fair value of cash flow hedge derivatives net of tax effect
(26)
(648)
(648)
(1)
(649)
Share of “Other comprehensive income (loss)” on equity-accounted investments
(26)
(71)
(71)
2
(69)
Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss in later periods
2,992
(721)
2,271
77
2,348
Total comprehensive income (loss) of the year
2,992
(654)
2,624
4,962
217
5,179
Dividend distribution of Eni SpA
(26)
(3,067)
(3,067)
(3,067)
Dividend distribution of other companies
(50)
(50)
Allocation of 2023 profit
4,771
(4,771)
Capital contribution by non-controlling interests
1
1
Purchase of treasury shares
(26)
(2,003)
2,003
(2,003)
(2,003)
(2,003)
Cancellation of treasury shares
(26)
(1,375)
1,375
Long-term share-based incentive plan and employee stock ownership plan
(26) (30)
24
(78)
78
24
24
Issuance of perpetual subordinated bonds
(26)
1,848
1,848
Coupon payment on perpetual subordinated bonds
(26)
(138)
(138)
(138)
Change in non‐controlling interest
(26)
196
196
392
588
Transactions with holders of equity instruments
(217)
550
(550)
(4,771)
(4,988) 2,191
(2,797)
Other changes
(219)
(149)
(5)
(373)
(5)
(378)
Other changes in equity
(219)
(149)
(5)
(373)
(5)
(378)
Balance at December 31, 2024
(26)
4,005
32,552
8,081
8,406
(2,883)
2,624
52,785 2,863
55,648
(continued)
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
Equity attributable to equity holders of Eni
(€ million)
Note
Share capital
Retained earnings
Cumulative currency 
translation differences
Other reserves and 
equity instruments
Treasury shares
Profit for the year
Total
Non-controlling interest
Total equity
Balance at December 31, 2022
4,005
23,455
7,564
8,785
(2,937)
13,887
54,759
471
55,230
Profit for the year
4,771
4,771
89
4,860
Other items of comprehensive income (loss)
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans net of tax effect
(26)
(21)
(21)
(21)
Share of “Other comprehensive income” on equity-accounted investments
(26)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Change of minor investments measured at fair value with effects to OCI
(26)
45
45
45
Items that are not reclassified to profit or loss in later periods
22
22
22
Currency translation differences
(26)
(2,001)
(9)
(2,010)
(2,010)
Change in the fair value of cash flow hedge derivatives net of tax effect
(26)
383
383
383
Share of “Other comprehensive income (loss)” on equity-accounted investments
(26)
54
54
54
Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss in later periods
(2,001)
428
(1,573)
(1,573)
Total comprehensive income (loss) of the year
(2,001)
450
4,771
3,220
89
3,309
Dividend distribution of Eni SpA
(26)
(3,005)
(3,005)
(3,005)
Dividend distribution of other companies
(36)
(36)
Allocation of 2022 profit
13,887
(13,887)
Reimbursement to non-controlling interests
(16)
(16)
Purchase of treasury shares
(26)
(1,837)
1,837
(1,837)
(1,837)
(1,837)
Cancellation of treasury shares
(26)
(2,400)
2,400
Long-term share-based incentive plan
(26) (30)
20
(41)
41
20
20
Coupon payment on perpetual subordinated bonds
(26)
(138)
(138)
(138)
Change in non‐controlling interest
(26)
47
47
(47)
Transactions with holders of equity instruments
8,974
(604)
604 (13,887)
(4,913)
(99)
(5,012)
Issuing effect of convertible bonds
(26)
79
79
79
Other changes
559
(325)
(195)
39
(1)
38
Other changes in equity
559
(325)
(116)
118
(1)
117
Balance at December 31, 2023
(26)
4,005
32,988
5,238
8,515
(2,333)
4,771
53,184
460
53,644
(continued)
(continued)
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(continued)
Equity attributable to equity holders of Eni
(€ million)
Share capital
Retained earnings
Cumulative currency 
translation differences
Other reserves and 
equity instruments
Treasury shares
Profit for the year
Total
Non-controlling interest
Total equity
Balance at December 31, 2021
4,005
22,750
6,530
6,289
(958)
5,821
44,437
82
44,519
Profit for the year
13,887
13,887
74
13,961
Other items of comprehensive income (loss)
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans net of tax effect
55
55
55
Share of “Other comprehensive income” on equity-accounted investments
3
3
3
Change of minor investments measured at fair value with effects to OCI
56
56
56
Items that are not reclassified to profit or loss in later periods
114
114
114
Currency translation differences
1,093
1
1,094
1
1,095
Change in the fair value of cash flow hedge derivatives net of tax effect
560
560
560
Share of “Other comprehensive income (loss)” on equity-accounted investments
(12)
(12)
(12)
Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss in later periods
1,093
549
1,642
1
1,643
Total comprehensive income (loss) of the year
1,093
663
13,887
15,643
75
15,718
Dividend distribution of Eni SpA
(1,522)
(1,522)
(1,522)
Interim dividend distribution of Eni SpA 
(1,500)
(1,500)
(1,500)
Dividend distribution of other companies
(60)
(60)
Allocation of 2021 profit
4,299
(4,299)
Capital contribution by non-controlling interests
92
92
Purchase of treasury shares
(2,400)
2,400
(2,400)
(2,400)
(2,400)
Cancellation of treasury shares
(400)
400
Long-term share-based incentive plan
18
(21)
21
18
18
Coupon payment on perpetual subordinated bonds
(138)
(138)
(138)
Change in non‐controlling interest
196
196
281
477
Transactions with holders of equity instruments
475
1,979
(1,979)
(5,821)
(5,346)
313
(5,033)
Other changes
230
(59)
(146)
25
1
26
Other changes in equity
230
(59)
(146)
25
1
26
Balance at December 31, 2022
4,005
23,455
7,564
8,785
(2,937)
13,887
54,759
471
55,230
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(€ million)
Note
2024
2023
2022
Profit 
2,764
4,860
13,961
Adjustments to reconcile profit to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization
(12) (13) (14)
7,600
7,479
7,205
Net impairments (reversals) of tangible, intangible and right-of-use assets
(15)
2,900
1,802
1,140
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets
(12) (13) (14)
580
535
599
Share of (profit) loss of equity-accounted investments
(16) (32)
(866)
(1,336)
(1,841)
Net gain on disposal of assets
(601)
(441)
(524)
Dividend income
(32)
(227)
(255)
(351)
Interest income
(497)
(517)
(159)
Interest expense
1,245
1,000
1,033
Income taxes
(33)
3,725
5,368
8,088
Other changes
(158)
(700)
(2,773)
Cash flow from changes in working capital:
1,286
1,811
(1,279)
- inventories
68
1,792
(2,528)
- trade receivables
1,145
3,322
(1,036)
- trade payables
110
(4,823)
2,284
- provisions
(87)
97
2,028
- other assets and liabilities
50
1,423
(2,027)
Change in the provisions for employee benefits
(105)
1
39
Dividends received
1,946
2,255
1,545
Interest received
456
459
116
Interest paid
(1,130)
(919)
(851)
Income taxes paid, net of tax receivables received
(5,826)
(6,283)
(8,488)
Net cash provided by operating activities
13,092
15,119
17,460
- of which with related parties
(36)
(11,508)
(7,011)
223
Cash flow from investing activities
(11,782)
(12,404)
(10,793)
- tangible assets
(12)
(7,999)
(8,739)
(7,700)
- prepaid right-of-use assets
(13)
(5)
(3)
- intangible assets
(14)
(486)
(476)
(356)
- consolidated subsidiaries and businesses net of cash and cash equivalents acquired
(5) (27)
(1,795)
(1,277)
(1,636)
- investments
(16)
(798)
(1,315)
(1,675)
- securities and financing receivables held for operating purposes
(185)
(388)
(350)
- change in payables in relation to investing activities
(514)
(209)
927
Cash flow from disposals
2,496
845
2,989
- tangible assets
1,354
122
149
- intangible assets
21
32
17
- consolidated subsidiaries and businesses net of cash and cash equivalents disposed of
(5) (27)
887
395
(60)
- investments
526
47
1,096
- securities and financing receivables held for operating purposes
69
32
483
- change in receivables in relation to disposals
(361)
217
1,304
Net change in securities and financing receivables held for non-operating purposes
(531)
2,194
786
Net cash used in investing activities
(9,817)
(9,365)
(7,018)
- of which with related parties
(36)
(3,140)
(1,695)
(32)
(continued)
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(€ million)
Note
2024
2023
2022
Increase in long-term financial debt
(19)
3,516
4,971
130
Repayments of long-term financial debt
(19)
(4,748)
(3,161)
(4,074)
Payments of lease liabilities
(13)
(1,205)
(963)
(994)
Increase (decrease) in short-term financial debt
(19)
(61)
(1,495)
1,375
Dividends paid to Eni's shareholders
(3,068)
(3,046)
(3,009)
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest
(45)
(36)
(60)
Capital contribution by (reimbursement to) non-controlling interests
589
(16)
92
Sale (purchase) of additional interests in consolidated subsidiaries
(60)
536
Other contributions
14
Purchase of treasury shares
(26)
(2,012)
(1,803)
(2,400)
Issuing effect of convertible bonds
(26)
79
Issue of perpetual subordinated bonds
(26)
1,778
Coupon payment on perpetual subordinated bonds
(26)
(138)
(138)
(138)
Net cash used in financing activities
(5,380)
(5,668)
(8,542)
- of which with related parties
(36)
(20)
(162)
(88)
Effect of exchange rate changes and other changes on cash and cash equivalents
83
(62)
16
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
(2,022)
24
1,916
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of the year
(6)
10,205
10,181
8,265
Cash and cash equivalents - end of the year(a)
(6)
8,183
10,205
10,181
(a) As of December 31, 2023, cash and cash equivalents included €12 million of cash and cash equivalents of consolidated subsidiaries held for sale that were reported in the item “Assets held for sale”.
(continued)
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Basis of preparation 
The Consolidated Financial Statements of Eni SpA and its 
subsidiaries (collectively referred to as Eni or the Group) have been 
prepared on a going concern basis in accordance with International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)1 as issued by the International 
Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and adopted by the European 
Union (EU) pursuant to article 6 of the EC Regulation No. 1606/2002 
of the European Parliament and of the Council of July 19, 2002, 
and in accordance with article 9 of the Italian Legislative Decree 
No. 38/052. The Consolidated Financial Statements have been 
prepared under the historical cost convention, taking into account, 
where appropriate, value adjustments, except for certain items that 
under IFRSs must be measured at fair value as described in the 
accounting policies that follow. The principles of consolidation and 
the significant accounting policies that follow have been consistently 
applied to all years presented, except where otherwise indicated. 
The 2024 Consolidated Financial Statements, approved by the Eni’s 
Board of Directors on March 18, 2025, were audited by the external 
auditor PricewaterhouseCoopers SpA; with reference to the audit of 
the Consolidated Financial Statements, the external auditor of Eni 
SpA, as the main external auditor, is wholly in charge of the auditing 
activities of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Consolidated 
companies’ financial statements, as well as their reporting packages 
prepared for use by the Group in preparing the Consolidated 
Financial Statements, are audited by external auditors; when there 
are other external auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers SpA takes the 
responsibility of their work. The Consolidated Financial Statements 
are presented in euro and all values are rounded to the nearest 
million euro (€ million), except where otherwise indicated. 
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES 
AND JUDGMENTS 
The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements requires 
the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the assets, liabilities, 
revenues and expenses recognised in the financial statements, as 
well as amounts included in the notes thereto, including disclosure 
of contingent assets and contingent liabilities. Estimates made 
are based on complex judgments and past experience of other 
assumptions deemed reasonable in consideration of the information 
available at the time. The accounting policies and areas that require 
(1)  IFRSs include also International Accounting Standards (IAS), currently effective, as well as the interpretations developed by the IFRS Interpretations Committee, previously named 
International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) and initially Standing Interpretations Committee (SIC).
(2)  As applied to Eni, there are no differences between IFRSs as issued by the IASB and those adopted by the EU, effective for the year 2024.
the most significant judgments and estimates to be used in the 
preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements are in relation 
to the accounting for oil and natural gas activities, specifically in 
the determination of reserves, impairment of financial and non-
financial assets, leases, decommissioning and restoration liabilities, 
environmental liabilities, business combinations, employee benefits, 
revenue from contracts with customers, fair value measurements 
and income taxes. Although the Company uses its best estimates 
and judgments, actual results could differ from the estimates and 
assumptions used. The accounting estimates and judgments 
relevant for the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statement 
are illustrated in the description of the respective accounting policy. 
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND 
JUDGMENTS MADE IN ASSESSING THE IMPACTS 
OF CLIMATE-RELATED RISKS 
Significant accounting estimates and judgments made by 
management for the preparation of the 2024 Consolidated 
Financial Statements are affected by the effects of actions to 
address climate change and by the potential impact of the energy 
transition. In particular, the global pressure towards a low carbon 
economy, increasingly restrictive regulatory requirements for Oil 
& Gas activities and hydrocarbons consumption, carbon pricing 
schemes, the technological evolution of alternative energy sources 
for transportation, as well as changes in consumer preferences 
could imply a structural decline of the demand for hydrocarbons in 
the medium/long-term, an increase in operating costs and a higher 
risk of stranded assets for Eni. The Eni strategy towards Carbon 
Neutrality, in line with the provisions of the scenarios compatible with 
maintaining global warming within the 1.5°C threshold; is composed 
of a series of actions and initiatives aimed to achieve carbon 
neutrality by 2050, through the Net Zero emissions for all Scope 
1, 2, and 3 GHG emissions associated with Eni’s product portfolio. 
Scenarios adopted by management take into account policies, 
regulatory requirements and current and expected developments 
in technology and set out a development path of the future energy 
system, on the basis of an economic and demographic framework, 
analysis of existing and announced policies and technologies, 
identifying those which can reasonably reach maturity within the 
1 Significant accounting policies, estimates and judgments
NOTES ON CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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considered time horizon. Price variables reflect the best estimate by 
management of the fundamentals of several energy markets, which 
incorporates the ongoing and reasonably expected decarbonization 
trends, and are subject to continuous benchmarking with the views 
of market analysts and peers. Such scenarios represent the basis for 
significant estimates and judgments relating to: (i) the assessment 
of the intention to continue exploration projects; (ii) the assessment 
of the recoverability of non-current assets and credit exposures 
towards National Oil Companies; (iii) the definition of useful lives 
and residual values of fixed assets; (iv) impacts on provisions (e.g. 
the anticipation of the expected timing of decommissioning and 
restoration costs). 
PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION 
SUBSIDIARIES 
The Consolidated Financial Statements comprise the financial 
statements of the parent Company Eni SpA and those of its 
subsidiaries, being those entities over which the Company has 
control, either directly or indirectly, through exposure or rights to 
their variable returns and the ability to affect those returns through 
its power over the investees. 
Subsidiaries are fully recognized and included in the consolidated 
financial statement, on the basis of consistent accounting policies, 
from the date on which control is obtained until the date that 
control ceases, taking into account the appropriate eliminations of 
intragroup transactions (see the accounting policy for “Intragroup 
transactions”). Non-controlling interests are presented separately on 
the balance sheet within equity; the profit or loss and comprehensive 
income attributable to non-controlling interests are presented in 
specific line items, respectively, in the profit and loss account and in 
the statement of comprehensive income. Non-controlling interests 
also include subordinated perpetual bonds issued by subsidiaries for 
which the Group holds the unconditional right to defer repayment of 
principal and payment of coupons. 
Taking into account the lack of any material3 impact on the 
representation of the financial position and performance of the Group4, 
the Consolidated Financial Statements do not fully consolidate: (i) some 
subsidiaries that are immaterial, both individually and in the aggregate, 
and (ii) subsidiaries acting as sole operator in the management of 
oil and gas contracts on behalf of companies participating in a joint 
project. In the latter case, the activities are financed proportionally 
based on a budget approved by the participating companies upon 
presentation of periodical reports of proceeds and expenses. Costs 
and revenue and other operating data (production, reserves, etc.) of 
(3)  According to IFRSs, information is material if omitting, misstating or obscuring it could reasonably be expected to influence decisions that the primary users of general-purpose 
financial statements make on the basis of those financial statements.
(4)  Unconsolidated subsidiaries are accounted for as described in the accounting policy for “The equity method of accounting”; for further information, see the annex “List of companies 
owned by Eni SpA as of December 31, 2024”.
(5)  Conversely, any amount related to the former subsidiary previously recognised in other comprehensive income, which may not be reclassified subsequently to the profit and loss 
account, are reclassified in another item of equity.
the project, as well as the related obligations arising from the project, 
are recognised directly in the financial statements of the companies 
involved based on their own share. When the proportion of the equity 
held by non-controlling interests changes, any difference between the 
consideration paid/received and the amount by which the related non-
controlling interests are adjusted is attributed to Eni owners’ equity 
(within the line item “Retained earnings”). Moreover, in the event of the 
disposal of minority interests without loss of control, any put options 
on non-controlling interests, exercisable upon the occurrence of 
events not under the Group’s control, results in the recognition of a 
liability, equal to the present value of the so-called redemption amount, 
as a balancing entry to Group equity.
The sale of equity interests with loss of control determines the 
recognition in the profit and loss account of: (i) any gain or loss 
calculated as the difference between the consideration received 
and the corresponding transferred net assets; (ii) any gain or loss 
recognised as a result of the remeasurement of any investment 
retained in the former subsidiary at its fair value; (iii) the estimate 
of fair value of any contingent consideration, to be settled in cash 
if specified future events occur or conditions are met; and (iv) any 
amount related to the former subsidiary previously recognised in 
other comprehensive income which may be reclassified subsequently 
to the profit and loss account5. Any investment retained in the former 
subsidiary is recognised at its fair value at the date when control is 
lost and shall be accounted for in accordance with the applicable 
measurement criteria. 
INTERESTS IN JOINT ARRANGEMENTS 
Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an 
arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant 
activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing 
control.
A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have 
joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the 
arrangement. Investments in joint ventures are accounted for using 
the equity method as described in the accounting policy for “The 
equity method of accounting”.
A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that 
have joint control of the arrangement have enforceable rights to 
the assets, and enforceable obligations for the liabilities, relating 
to the arrangement; in the Consolidated Financial Statements, Eni 
recognises its share of the assets/liabilities and revenues/expenses 
of joint operations on the basis of its rights and obligations relating 
to the arrangements. After the initial recognition, the assets/liabilities 
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and revenues/ expenses of the joint operations are measured in 
accordance with the applicable measurement criteria.
Immaterial joint operations structured through a separate vehicle 
are accounted for using the equity method or, if this does not result 
in a misrepresentation of the Company’s financial position and 
performance, at cost less any impairment losses. 
INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATES 
An associate is an entity over which Eni has significant influence, 
which is the power to participate in the financial and operating 
policy decisions of the investee but is not control or joint control of 
those policies. Investments in associates are accounted for using 
the equity method as described in the accounting policy for “The 
equity method of accounting”. Investments in subsidiaries, joint 
arrangements and associates are presented separately in the annex 
“List of companies owned by Eni SpA as of December 31, 2024”. This 
annex also includes the changes in the scope of consolidation. 
THE EQUITY METHOD OF ACCOUNTING 
Investments 
in 
joint 
ventures, 
associates 
and 
immaterial 
unconsolidated subsidiaries, are accounted for using the equity 
method6. 
Under the equity method, investments are initially recognised at cost, 
allocating it, similarly to business combinations procedures, to the 
investee’s identifiable assets/liabilities; any excess of the cost of the 
investment over the share of the net fair value of the investee’s identifiable 
assets and liabilities is accounted for as goodwill, not separately 
recognised but included in the carrying amount of the investment. If 
this allocation is provisionally recognised at initial recognition, it can be 
retrospectively adjusted within one year from the acquisition date, to 
reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that 
existed at the acquisition date. Subsequently, with the aim of reflecting 
the Group’s share of the investee’s net assets and the related changes, 
the carrying amount is adjusted to reflect: (i) the investor’s share of 
the profit or loss of the investee after the date of acquisition, adjusted 
to account for depreciation, amortization and any impairment losses 
of the equity-accounted entity’s assets based on their fair values at 
the date of acquisition; and (ii) the investor’s share of the investee’s 
other comprehensive income. Conversely, the carrying amount is not 
adjusted for changes in the equity of the investee arising, for instance, 
from the issue by the investee of perpetual subordinated bonds or 
convertible bonds not subscribed by the Group. Distributions received 
from an equity-accounted investee reduce the carrying amount of the 
investment. In applying the equity method, consolidation adjustments 
(6)  Joint ventures, associates and immaterial unconsolidated subsidiaries are accounted for at cost less any impairment losses, if this does not result in a misrepresentation of the 
Company’s financial position and performance.
(7)  If the retained investment continues to be classified either as a joint venture or an associate and so accounted for using the equity method, no remeasurement at fair value is 
recognised in the profit and loss account.
(8)  Conversely, any amount related to the former joint venture/associate previously recognised in other comprehensive income, which may not be reclassified subsequently to the profit 
and loss account, are reclassified in another item of equity.
are considered (see also the accounting policy for “Subsidiaries”). 
Losses arising from the application of the equity method in excess of 
the carrying amount of the investment, recognised in the profit and 
loss account within “Income (Expense) from investments”, reduce the 
carrying amount, net of the related expected credit losses (see below), 
of any financing receivables towards the investee for which settlement 
is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future (the so-
called long-term interests), which are, in substance, an extension of 
the investment in the investee. The investor’s share of any losses of 
an equity-accounted investee that exceeds the carrying amount of the 
investment and any long-term interests (the so-called net investment), is 
recognised in a specific provision only to the extent that the investor has 
incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf 
of the investee. Whenever there is objective evidence of impairment 
(e.g. relevant breaches of contracts, significant financial difficulty, 
probable default of the counterparty, etc.), the carrying amount of the 
net investment, resulting from the application of the abovementioned 
measurement criteria, is tested for impairment by comparing it with 
the related recoverable amount, determined by adopting the criteria 
indicated in the accounting policy for “Impairment of non-financial 
assets”. When an impairment loss no longer exists or has decreased, 
any reversal of the impairment loss is recognised in the profit and loss 
account within “Income (Expense) from investments”. The impairment 
reversal of the net investment shall not exceed the previously recognised 
impairment losses. The sale of equity interests with loss of joint control 
or significant influence over the investee determines the recognition 
in the profit and loss account of: (i) any gain or loss calculated as the 
difference between the consideration received and the corresponding 
transferred share; (ii) any gain or loss recognised as a result of the 
remeasurement of any investment retained in the former joint venture/
associate at its fair value7; and (iii) any amount related to the former 
joint venture/associate previously recognised in other comprehensive 
income which may be reclassified subsequently to the profit and loss 
account8. Any investment retained in the former joint venture/associate 
is recognised at its fair value at the date when joint control or significant 
influence is lost and shall be accounted for in accordance with the 
applicable measurement criteria. 
BUSINESS COMBINATION 
Business combinations are accounted for by applying the acquisition 
method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is 
the sum of the acquisition-date fair value of the assets transferred, the 
liabilities incurred and the equity interests issued by the acquirer. The 
consideration transferred also includes the fair value of any assets 
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or liabilities resulting from contingent considerations, contractually 
agreed and dependent upon the occurrence of specified future events. 
The acquirer shall measure the identifiable assets acquired and 
liabilities assumed at their acquisition-date fair values9, unless 
another measurement basis is required by IFRSs. The excess 
of the consideration transferred over the Group’s share of the 
acquisition-date fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and 
liabilities assumed is recognised, on the balance sheet, as goodwill; 
conversely, a gain on a bargain purchase is recognised in the profit 
and loss account. Any non-controlling interests are measured as 
the proportionate share in the recognised amounts of the acquiree’s 
identifiable net assets at the acquisition date excluding the portion of 
goodwill attributable to them (partial goodwill method). In a business 
combination achieved in stages, the purchase price is determined 
by summing the acquisition-date fair value of previously held equity 
interests in the acquiree and the consideration transferred for 
obtaining control; the previously held equity interests are remeasured 
at their acquisition-date fair value and the resulting gain or loss, if 
any, is recognized in the profit and loss account. Furthermore, on 
obtaining control, any amount recognised in other comprehensive 
income related to the previously held equity interests is reclassified 
to the profit and loss account, or in another item of equity when such 
amount may not be reclassified to the profit and loss account.
If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete 
by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, 
the provisional amounts recognised at the acquisition date shall be 
retrospectively adjusted within one year from the acquisition date, 
to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances 
that existed as of the acquisition date. 
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND 
JUDGMENTS: INVESTMENTS AND BUSINESS 
The assessment of the existence of control, joint control, significant 
influence over an investee, as well as for joint operations, the 
assessment of the existence of enforceable rights to the investee’s 
assets and enforceable obligations for the investee’s liabilities imply 
that management makes complex judgments on the basis of the 
characteristics of the investee’s structure, arrangements between 
parties and other relevant facts and circumstances. Significant 
accounting estimates by management are required also for 
measuring the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed 
in a business combination at their acquisition-date fair values. For 
such measurement, to be performed also for the application of the 
equity method, Eni adopts the valuation techniques generally used by 
(9)  Fair value measurement principles are described in the accounting policy for “Fair value measurements”.
(10)  Exchange differences associated with intragroup monetary assets and liabilities arising from transactions between consolidated companies operating in different currencies are 
not eliminated.
(11)  When the foreign subsidiary is partially owned, the cumulative exchange difference, that is attributable to the non-controlling interests, is allocated to and recognized as part of 
“Non-controlling interest”.
market participants taking into account the available information; for 
the most significant acquisitions, Eni engages external independent 
evaluators.
INTRAGROUP TRANSACTIONS 
All balances and transactions between consolidated companies, 
and not yet realised with third parties, including unrealised profits 
arising from such transactions, have been eliminated10. Unrealised 
profits arising from transactions between the Group and its equity-
accounted entities are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s 
interest in the equity-accounted entity; such accounting treatment is 
applied also for transfer of businesses to equity-accounted entities 
(the so-called downstream transactions). In both cases, unrealised 
losses are not eliminated as the transaction provides evidence of an 
impairment loss of the asset transferred. 
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION 
The financial statements of foreign operations having a functional 
currency other than the euro, that represents the parent’s functional 
currency as well as the presentation currency of the Consolidated 
Financial Statements, are translated into euros using the spot 
exchange rates on the balance sheet date for assets and liabilities, 
historical exchange rates for equity and average exchange rates 
for the profit and loss account and the statement of cash flows. 
The cumulative resulting exchange differences are presented 
in the separate component of Eni owners’ equity “Cumulative 
currency translation differences”11. Cumulative amount of exchange 
differences relating to a foreign operation are reclassified to the 
profit and loss account when the entity disposes the entire interest 
in that foreign operation or when the partial disposal involves the 
loss of control, joint control or significant influence over the foreign 
operation. On a partial disposal that does not involve loss of control 
of a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, the proportionate 
share of the cumulative exchange differences is reattributed to 
the non-controlling interests in that foreign operation. On a partial 
disposal of interests in joint arrangements or in associates that 
does not involve loss of joint control or significant influence, the 
proportionate share of the cumulative exchange differences is 
reclassified to the profit and loss account. The repayment of share 
capital made by a subsidiary having a functional currency other 
than the euro, without a change in the ownership interest, implies 
that the proportionate share of the cumulative amount of exchange 
differences relating to the subsidiary is reclassified to the profit and 
loss account. The financial statements of foreign operations which 
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are translated into euro are denominated in the foreign operations’ 
functional currencies which generally is the US dollar. 
The main foreign exchange rates used to translate the financial 
statements into the parent’s functional currency are indicated below:
MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES 
The material accounting policies used in the preparation of the 
Consolidated Financial Statements are described below. 
OIL AND NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION, 
APPRAISAL, DEVELOPMENT AND 
PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES 
Oil and natural gas exploration, appraisal and development activities 
are accounted for using the principles of the successful efforts 
method of accounting as described below. 
ACQUISITION OF EXPLORATION RIGHTS 
Costs incurred for the acquisition of exploration rights (or their 
extension) are initially capitalised within the line item “Intangible 
assets” as “exploration rights - unproved” pending determination of 
whether the exploration and appraisal activities in the reference areas 
are successful or not. Unproved exploration rights are not amortised 
but reviewed to confirm that there is no indication that the carrying 
amount exceeds the recoverable amount. This review is based on 
the confirmation of the commitment of the Company to continue the 
exploration activities and on the analysis of facts and circumstances 
that indicate the absence of uncertainties related to the recoverability 
of the carrying amount. If no future activity is planned, the carrying 
amount of the related exploration rights is recognised in the profit 
and loss account as write-off. Lower value exploration rights are 
pooled and amortised on a straight-line basis over the estimated 
period of exploration. In the event of a discovery of proved reserves 
(i.e. upon recognition of proved reserves and internal approval 
for development), the carrying amount of the related unproved 
exploration rights is reclassified to “proved exploration rights”, within 
the line item “Intangible assets”. Upon reclassification, as well as 
whether there is any indication of impairment, the carrying amount 
of exploration rights to reclassify as proved is tested for impairment 
considering the higher of their value in use and their fair value less 
costs of disposal. From the commencement of production, proved 
exploration rights are amortised according to the unit of production 
method (the so-called UOP method, described in the accounting 
policy for “UOP depreciation, depletion and amortisation”). 
Acquisition of mineral interests 
Costs incurred for the acquisition of mineral interests are 
capitalised in connection with the assets acquired (such as 
exploration potential, possible and probable reserves and proved 
reserves). When the acquisition is related to a set of exploration 
potential and reserves, the cost is allocated to the different 
assets acquired based on their expected discounted cash flows. 
Acquired exploration potential is measured in accordance with 
the criteria illustrated in the accounting policy for “Acquisition of 
exploration rights”. Costs associated with proved reserves are 
amortised according to the UOP method (see the accounting 
policy for “UOP depreciation, depletion and amortisation”). 
Expenditure associated with possible and probable reserves 
(unproved mineral interests) is not amortised until classified as 
proved reserves; in case of a negative result of the subsequent 
appraisal activities, it is written off. 
Exploration and appraisal expenditure 
Geological and geophysical exploration costs are recognised as an 
expense as incurred. Costs directly associated with an exploration 
well are initially recognised within tangible assets in progress, as 
“exploration and appraisal costs - unproved” (exploration wells 
in progress) until the drilling of the well is completed and can 
continue to be capitalised in the following 12-month period (or a 
longer period of time according to the complexity of the project 
and to the associated investment level) pending the evaluation of 
drilling results (suspended exploration wells). If, at the end of this 
period, it is ascertained that the result is negative (no hydrocarbon 
found) or that the discovery is not sufficiently significant to justify 
the development, the wells are declared dry/ unsuccessful and the 
related costs are written-off. Conversely, these costs continue to 
be capitalised if and until: (i) the well has found a sufficient quantity 
of reserves to justify its completion as a producing well, and (ii) the 
entity is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the 
economic and operating viability of the project; on the contrary, the 
capitalised costs are recognised in the profit and loss account as 
write-off. Analogous recognition criteria are adopted for the costs 
related to the appraisal activity. When proved reserves of oil and/
(currency amount for 1 €)
Annual average 
exchange rate 2024
Exchange rate at 
December 31, 2024
Annual average 
exchange rate 2023
Exchange rate at 
December 31, 2023
Annual average 
exchange rate 2022
Exchange rate at 
December 31, 2022
U.S. Dollar
1.08
1.04
1.08
1.11
1.05
1.07
Pound Sterling
0.85
0.83
0.87
0.87
0.85
0.89
Australian Dollar
1.64
1.68
1.63
1.63
1.52
1.57
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or natural gas are determined, the relevant expenditure recognised 
as unproved is reclassified to proved exploration and appraisal 
costs within tangible assets in progress. Upon reclassification, or 
when there is any indication of impairment, the carrying amount 
of the costs to reclassify as proved is tested for impairment 
considering the higher of their value in use and their fair value less 
costs of disposal. From the commencement of production, proved 
exploration and appraisal costs are depreciated according to the 
UOP method (see the accounting policy for “UOP depreciation, 
depletion and amortisation”). 
DEVELOPMENT COSTS 
Development costs, including the costs related to unsuccessful and 
damaged development wells, are capitalised as “Tangible asset in 
progress - proved”. Development costs are incurred to obtain access 
to proved reserves and to provide facilities for extracting, treating, 
gathering and storing the oil and gas. They are amortised, from the 
commencement of production, generally on a UOP basis. When 
development projects are unfeasible/not carried on, the related 
costs are written off when it is decided to abandon the project. 
Development costs are tested for impairment in accordance with the 
criteria described in the accounting policy for “Property, plant and 
equipment”. 
UOP DEPRECIATION, DEPLETION AND 
AMORTISATION 
Proved oil and gas assets are depreciated generally under the UOP 
method, as their useful life is closely related to the availability of 
proved oil and gas reserves, by applying to the depreciable amounts 
at the end of each quarter a rate representing the ratio between the 
volumes extracted during the quarter and the reserves existing at 
the end of the quarter, increased by the volumes extracted during 
the quarter. This method is applied with reference to the smallest 
aggregate representing a direct correlation between expenditures to 
be depreciated and oil and gas reserves. Proved exploration rights 
and acquired proved mineral interests are amortised over proved 
reserves; proved exploration and appraisal costs and development 
costs are depreciated over proved developed reserves, while 
common facilities are depreciated over total proved reserves. Proved 
reserves are determined according to US SEC rules that require 
the use of the yearly average oil and gas prices for assessing the 
economic producibility; material changes in reference prices could 
result in depreciation charges not reflecting the pattern in which the 
assets’ future economic benefits are expected to be consumed to 
the extent that, for example, certain non-current assets would be 
fully depreciated within a short-term. In these cases, the reserves 
considered in determining the UOP rate are estimated on the basis 
of economic viability parameters, reasonable and consistent with 
management’s expectations of production, in order to recognise 
depreciation charges that more appropriately reflect the expected 
utilization of the assets concerned. 
PRODUCTION COSTS 
Production costs are those costs incurred to operate and maintain 
wells and field equipment and are recognised as an expense as 
incurred. 
PRODUCTION SHARING AGREEMENTS AND 
SERVICE CONTRACTS 
Oil and gas reserves related to Production Sharing Agreements 
are determined on the basis of contractual terms related to 
the recovery of the contractor’s costs to undertake and finance 
exploration, development and production activities at its own risk 
(Cost Oil) and the Company’s stipulated share of the production 
remaining after such cost recovery (Profit Oil). Revenues from the 
sale of the lifted production, against both Cost Oil and Profit Oil, are 
accounted for on an accrual basis, whilst exploration, development 
and production costs are accounted for according to the above-
mentioned accounting policies. A similar scheme applies to service 
contracts where the Group is entitled to a share of the production 
as consideration for the rendered service. The Company’s share of 
production volumes and reserves includes the share of hydrocarbons 
that corresponds to the taxes to be paid, according to the contractual 
agreement, by the national government on behalf of the Company. 
As a consequence, the Company has to recognise at the same time 
an increase in the taxable profit, through the increase of the revenue, 
and a tax expense. 
PLUGGING AND ABANDONMENT OF WELLS 
Costs expected to be incurred with respect to the plugging and 
abandonment of a well, dismantlement and removal of production 
facilities, as well as site restoration, are capitalised, consistent 
with the accounting policy described under “Property, plant and 
equipment”, and then depreciated on a UOP basis. 
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND 
JUDGMENTS: OIL AND NATURAL GAS ACTIVITIES 
Engineering estimates of the oil and gas reserves are inherently 
uncertain. Proved reserves are the estimated volumes of crude 
oil, natural gas and gas condensates, liquids and associated 
substances which geological and engineering data demonstrate 
that can be economically producible with reasonable certainty from 
known reservoirs under existing economic conditions and operating 
methods. Although there are authoritative guidelines regarding the 
engineering and geological criteria that must be met before estimated 
oil and gas reserves can be categorised as “proved”, the estimate 
of the reserves depends on a number of factors, assumptions 
and variables, including: (i) the quality of available geological and 
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technical-engineering data and their interpretation and judgment; (ii) 
projections regarding future rates of production and operating costs 
and development costs; (iii) changes in the prevailing tax rules, other 
government regulations and contractual conditions; (iv) results of 
drilling, testing and the actual production performance of Company’s 
reservoirs after the date of the initial estimates which may drive 
substantial upward or downward revisions during the current period; 
and (v) changes in oil and natural gas commodity prices which could 
affect expected future cash flows and the quantities of Company’s 
proved reserves since the estimates of reserves are based on prices 
existing as of the date when these estimates are made. 
Lower oil prices or the projections of higher operating and 
development costs may impair the ability of the Company to 
economically produce reserves leading to downward reserve 
revisions. 
Many of the factors, assumptions and variables involved in 
estimating proved reserves are subject to change over time and 
therefore affect the estimates of oil and natural gas reserves. Similar 
uncertainties concern unproved reserves. The determination of 
whether potentially economic oil and natural gas reserves have been 
discovered by an exploration well is made within a year after well 
completion. The evaluation process of a discovery, which requires 
performing additional appraisal activities on the potential oil and 
natural gas field and establishing the optimum development plans, 
can take longer, in most cases, depending on the complexity of the 
project and on the size of capital expenditures required. During this 
period, the costs related to these exploration wells remain suspended 
on the balance sheet. In any case, all such capitalised costs are 
reviewed, at least, on an annual basis to confirm the continued intent 
to develop, or otherwise to extract value from the discovery. Field 
reserves will be categorised as proved only when all the criteria for 
attribution of proved status have been met. Proved reserves can 
be classified as developed or undeveloped. Volumes are classified 
into proved developed reserves as a consequence of development 
activity. Generally, reserves are booked as proved developed at the 
start of production. Major development projects typically take one to 
four years from the time of initial booking to the start of production. 
Estimated reserves are used both in determining depreciation, 
amortisation and depletion charges (see the accounting policy 
for “UOP depreciation, depletion and amortisation”) and for the 
definition of future cash flows of oil and natural gas assets within 
the impairment test. 
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 
Property, plant and equipment are recognized using the cost model 
and initially stated at their purchase price or construction cost 
including any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the 
location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in 
the manner intended by management. For assets that necessarily 
take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use, 
the purchase price or construction cost comprises the borrowing 
costs incurred in the period to get the asset ready for use that would 
have been avoided if the expenditure had not been made. In the case 
of a present obligation for dismantling and removal of assets and 
restoration of sites, the initial carrying amount of an item of property, 
plant and equipment includes the estimated (discounted) costs to 
be incurred when the removal event occurs; a corresponding amount 
is recognised as part of a specific provision (see the accounting 
policy for “Decommissioning and restoration liabilities”). Analogous 
approach is adopted for present obligations to realise social projects 
in oil and gas development areas. Property, plant and equipment 
are not revalued for financial reporting purposes. Expenditures on 
upgrading, revamping and reconversion are recognised as items 
of property, plant and equipment when it is probable that they will 
increase the expected future economic benefits of the asset. Assets 
acquired for safety or environmental reasons, although not directly 
increasing the future economic benefits of any particular existing item 
of property, plant and equipment, qualify for recognition as assets 
when they are necessary for running the business. Depreciation of 
tangible assets begins when they are available for use, i.e. when they 
are in the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of 
operating as planned. Property, plant and equipment are depreciated 
on a systematic basis over their useful life. The useful life is the 
period over which an asset is expected to be available for use by the 
Company. When tangible assets are composed of more than one 
significant part with different useful lives, each part is depreciated 
separately. The depreciable amount is the asset’s carrying amount 
less its residual value at the end of its useful life, if it is significant 
and can be reasonably determined. Changes in the asset’s useful 
life, in its residual value or in the pattern of consumption of the 
future economic benefits embodied in the asset, are accounted for 
prospectively. 
Replacement costs of identifiable parts in complex assets are 
capitalised and depreciated over their useful life; the residual 
carrying amount of the part that has been substituted is charged to 
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the profit and loss account. Non-removable leasehold improvements 
are depreciated over the earlier of the useful life of the improvements 
and the lease term. Expenditures for ordinary maintenance and 
repairs, other than replacements of identifiable components, which 
reintegrate, and do not increase the performance of the assets, 
are recognised as an expense as incurred. The carrying amount of 
property, plant and equipment is derecognised on disposal or when 
no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal; 
the arising gain or loss is recognized in the profit and loss account. 
LEASING12 
A contract is, or contains, a lease, if the contract conveys the right 
to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in 
exchange for consideration; such right exists whether, throughout 
the period of use, the customer has both the right to obtain 
substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified 
asset and the right to direct the use of the identified asset. At 
the commencement date of the lease (i.e. the date on which the 
underlying asset is available for use), a lessee recognises on the 
balance sheet an asset representing its right to use the underlying 
leased asset (hereinafter also referred as right-of-use asset) and a 
liability representing its obligation to make lease payments during 
the lease term (hereinafter also referred as lease liability13). The 
lease term is the non-cancellable period of a contract, together 
with, if reasonably certain, periods covered by extension options or 
by the non-exercise of termination options. In particular, the lease 
liability is initially recognised at the present value of the following 
lease payments14 that are not paid at the commencement date: 
(i) fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less 
any lease incentives receivable; (ii) variable lease payments that 
depend on an index or a rate15; (iii) amounts expected to be payable 
by the lessee under residual value guarantees; (iv) the exercise 
price of a purchase option if the lessee is reasonably certain to 
exercise that option; and (v) payments of penalties for terminating 
the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising an option 
to terminate the lease. The lease payments are discounted using 
the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily 
determined, the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate. The latter is 
determined considering the term of the lease, the frequency and 
currency of the contractual lease payments, as well as the features 
of the lessee’s economic environment (reflected in the country risk 
premium assigned to each Country where Eni operates). 
(12) This accounting policy does not apply to leases to explore for and extract resources such as those for oil and gas rights, leases of land and any rights of way related to oil and gas 
activities.
(13)  Eni recognises the lease payments associated with those leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
(14)  Eni does not separate non-lease components from lease components except for main contracts related to upstream activities (drilling rigs), which provide for single payments 
relating to both lease and non-lease components.
(15)  Conversely, the other kinds of variable lease payments (e.g. payments that depend on the use of an underlying leased asset) are not included in the carrying amount of the lease 
liability, but are recognised in the profit and loss account as operating expenses over the lease term.
(16)  Initial direct costs are incremental costs of obtaining a lease that would not have been incurred if the lease had not been obtained.
(17)  Depreciation charges are recognised on a systematic basis from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease 
term. Nevertheless, if the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term, or if the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the lessee will 
exercise a purchase option, the right-of-use asset is depreciated from the commencement date to the end of the useful life of the underlying asset.
After the initial recognition, the lease liability is measured on an 
amortised cost basis and is remeasured, normally, as an adjustment 
to the carrying amount of the related right-of-use asset, to reflect 
changes to the lease payments due, essentially, to: (i) modifications 
in the lease contract not accounted as a separate lease; (ii) changes 
in indexes or rates (used to determine the variable lease payments); 
or (iii) changes in the assessment of contractual options (e.g. options 
to purchase the underlying asset, extension or termination options). 
The right-of-use asset is initially measured as the sum of: (i) the 
amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability; (ii) any initial 
direct costs incurred by the lessee16; (iii) any lease payments made 
at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives 
received; and (iv) an estimate of costs to be incurred by the lessee in 
dismantling and removing the underlying asset, restoring the site on 
which it is located or restoring the underlying asset to the condition 
required by the terms and conditions of the lease. After the initial 
recognition, the right-of-use asset is adjusted for any accumulated 
depreciation17, any accumulated impairment losses (see the 
accounting policy for “Impairment of non-financial assets”) and any 
remeasurement of the lease liability. The depreciation charges of 
the right-of-use asset and the interest expenses on the lease liability 
directly attributable to the construction of an asset are capitalised 
as part of the cost of such asset and subsequently recognised in 
the profit and loss account through depreciation/impairments or 
write-off, mainly in the case of exploration assets. In the oil and gas 
activities, the operator of an unincorporated joint operation which 
enters into a lease contract as the sole signatory recognises on the 
balance sheet: (i) the entire lease liability if, based on the contractual 
provisions and any other relevant facts and circumstances, it has 
primary responsibility for the liability towards the third-party supplier; 
and (ii) the entire right-of-use asset, unless, on the basis of the 
terms and conditions of the contract, there is a sublease with the 
followers. The followers’ share of the right-of-use asset, recognised 
by the operator, will be recovered according to the joint operation’s 
contractual arrangements by billing the project costs attributable to 
the followers and collecting the related cash calls. Costs recovered 
from the followers are recognised as “Other income and revenues” 
in the profit and loss account and as net cash provided by operating 
activities in the statement of cash flows. Differently, if a lease 
contract is signed by all the partners, Eni recognises its share of the 
right-of-use asset and lease liability on the balance sheet based on 
its working interest. If Eni does not have primary responsibility for 
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the lease liability and, on the basis of the terms and conditions of the 
contract, there is not a sublease, it does not recognise any right-of-
use asset and lease liability related to the lease contract. When lease 
contracts are entered into by companies other than subsidiaries 
that act as operators on behalf of the other participating companies 
(the so-called operating companies), consistent with the provision 
to recover from the followers the costs related to the oil and gas 
activities, the participating companies recognise their share of the 
right-of-use assets and the lease liabilities based on their working 
interest, defined according to the expected use, to the extent that it is 
reliably determinable, of the underlying assets.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND 
JUDGMENTS: LEASE TRANSACTIONS 
With reference to lease contracts, management makes significant 
estimates and judgments related to: (i) determining the lease term, 
considering all facts and circumstances that generate an economic 
incentive, or not, to exercise any extension and/or termination 
options; (ii) determining the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate; (iii) 
identifying and, where appropriate, separating non-lease components 
from lease components, where an observable standalone price is 
not readily available, taking into account also the analysis performed 
with external experts; (iv) recognising lease contracts, for which the 
underlying assets are used in oil and gas activities (mainly drilling 
rigs and FPSOs), entered into as operator within an unincorporated 
joint operation, considering if the operator has primary responsibility 
for the liability towards the third-party supplier and the relationships 
with the followers; (v) identifying the variable lease payments and the 
related characteristics in order to include them in the measurement 
of the lease liability. 
INTANGIBLE ASSETS 
Intangible assets are identifiable non-monetary assets without 
physical substance, controlled by the Company and able to 
produce future economic benefits, and goodwill. An asset is 
classified as intangible when management is able to distinguish 
it clearly from goodwill. Intangible assets are initially recognized 
at cost as determined by the criteria described in the accounting 
policy for “Property, plant and equipment” and they are never 
revalued for financial reporting purposes. Intangible assets with 
finite useful lives are amortised on a systematic basis over their 
useful life; the amortisation is carried out in accordance with the 
criteria described in the accounting policy for “Property, plant and 
equipment”. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful 
lives are not amortised. For the recoverability of the carrying 
amounts of goodwill and other intangible assets see the accounting 
policy for “Impairment of non-financial assets”. Costs of obtaining 
a contract with a customer are recognised on the balance sheet if 
the Company expects to recover those costs. The carrying value 
of the intangible asset arising from those costs is amortised on 
a systematic basis, that is consistent with the transfer to the 
customer of the goods or services to which the asset relates and 
is tested for impairment. Costs of technological development 
activities, including development costs related to CCS Projects 
(Carbon, Capture and Storage) incurred before the construction 
of the physical infrastructure, are capitalised when: (i) the cost 
attributable to the development activity can be measured reliably; 
(ii) there is the intention and the availability of financial and technical 
resources to make the asset available for use or sale; and (iii) it 
can be demonstrated that the asset is able to generate probable 
future economic benefits. The carrying amount of intangible assets 
is derecognised on disposal or when no future economic benefits 
are expected from its use or disposal; any arising gain or loss is 
recognised in the profit and loss account. 
IMPAIRMENT OF NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS 
Non-financial assets (tangible assets, intangible assets and 
right-of-use assets) are tested for impairment whenever events 
or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts 
for those assets may not be recoverable. The recoverability 
assessment is performed for each cash generating unit (hereinafter 
also CGU) represented by the smallest identifiable group of assets 
that generate cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash 
inflows from other assets or group of assets. CGUs may include 
corporate assets which do not generate cash inflows independently 
of other assets or group of assets but which contribute to the 
future cash flows of more CGUs; the portions of corporate assets 
are allocated to a specific CGU or, if not possible, to a group of 
CGUs on a reasonable and consistent basis. Goodwill is tested for 
impairment at least annually, and whenever there is any indication 
of impairment, at the lowest level within the entity at which it is 
monitored for internal management purposes. Right-of-use assets, 
which generally do not generate cash inflows independently of 
other assets or groups of assets, are allocated to the CGU to which 
they belong; the right-of-use assets which cannot be fully attributed 
to a CGU are considered as corporate assets. The recoverability of 
the carrying amount of common facilities within the E&P operating 
segment is assessed by considering the set of recoverable amounts 
of the CGUs benefiting from the common facility. 
The recoverability of a CGU is assessed by comparing its carrying 
amount with the recoverable amount, which is the higher of the 
CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Value 
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in use is the present value of the future cash flows expected to 
be derived from continuing use of the CGU and, if significant and 
reliably measurable, the cash flows expected to be obtained from 
its disposal at the end of its useful life, after deducting the costs 
of disposal.
The value in use of CGUs which include material right of use assets 
is calculated, normally, by ignoring lease payments included in the 
measurement of the lease liabilities. 
For impairment test purposes, cash outflows expected to be 
incurred to guarantee compliance with laws and regulations 
regarding CO2 emissions (e.g. Emission Trading Scheme) or 
on a voluntary basis (e.g. cash outflows related to forestry 
certificates acquired or produced consistent with the Company’s 
decarbonization strategy – hereinafter also forestry) are taken into 
account. In particular, in estimating value in use, the cash outflows 
for forestry projects18 are included, consistent with the targets of 
the decarbonization strategy, within the expected operating cash 
outflows; in this regard, considering that the forestry projects can 
be developed in countries where Eni does not carry out operating 
activities and given the difficulty to allocate such cash outflows, on a 
reasonable and consistent basis, to CGUs of the relevant operating 
segment, the related discounted cash outflows are treated as a 
reduction of the headroom of the E&P operating segment. For the 
determination of value in use, the estimated future cash flows are 
discounted using a rate that reflects a current market assessment 
of the time value of money and of the risks specific to the asset that 
are not reflected in the estimated future cash flows. In particular, 
the discount rate used is the Weighted Average Cost of Capital 
(WACC) adjusted for the specific country risk of the CGU. These 
adjustments are measured considering information from external 
parties. WACC differs considering the risk associated with each 
operating segment/business where the asset operates. 
In particular, for the assets belonging to the Global Gas & LNG 
Portfolio (GGP) operating segment, the Chemical business, the 
Biochemistry business, the Power business, E-Mobility, Retail 
Domestic and Renewable businesses, Fuel Sales, Biomethane 
and Green Refinery businesses, the Agri- Feedstock business, 
the CCUS business and Eni Rewind business, the riskiness is 
determined on the basis of a sample of comparable companies. 
For the E&P operating segment and REVT (Refining Evolution 
and Transformation) business, the riskiness is determined, on a 
residual basis, as the difference between the risk of Eni as a whole 
and the risk of other operating segments/businesses. Value in use 
is calculated net of the tax effect as this method results in values 
similar to those resulting from discounting pre-tax cash flows at a 
pre-tax discount rate derived, through an iteration process, from a 
(18)   For the recognition criteria of forestry certificates see the accounting policy for “Costs”.
(19)  Impairment losses recognised for goodwill in an interim period are not reversed also when, considering conditions existing in a subsequent interim period, they would have been 
recognised in a smaller amount or would not have been recognised.
post-tax valuation. When the carrying amount of the CGU, including 
goodwill allocated thereto, determined taking into account any 
impairment loss of the non-current assets belonging to the CGU, 
exceeds its recoverable amount, the excess is recognised as 
an impairment loss. The impairment loss is allocated first to 
reduce the carrying amount of goodwill; any remaining excess is 
allocated to the other assets of the unit pro rata on the basis of 
the carrying amount of each asset in the CGU, up to the related 
recoverable amount. When an impairment loss no longer exists 
or has decreased, a reversal of the impairment loss is recognised 
in the profit and loss account. The impairment reversal shall not 
exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net 
of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the 
asset in prior years. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is 
not reversed in a subsequent period19. 
GRANTS RELATED TO ASSETS 
Government grants related to assets are recognized by deducting 
them in calculating the carrying amount of the related assets when 
there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the 
conditions attaching to them and the grants will be received. 
INVENTORIES
Inventories, including compulsory stock, are measured at the 
lower of purchase or production cost and net realisable value. Net 
realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of 
business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated 
costs necessary to make the sale, or, with reference to inventories 
of crude oil and petroleum products already included in binding 
sale contracts, the contractual selling price. Inventories which are 
principally acquired with the purpose of selling in the near future and 
generating a profit from fluctuations in price are measured at fair 
value less costs to sell and any subsequent changes in fair value 
are recognised in the profit and loss account. Materials and other 
supplies held for use in production are not written down below cost if 
the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected 
to be sold at or above cost. The cost of inventories of hydrocarbons 
(crude oil, condensates and natural gas) and petroleum products 
is determined by applying the weighted average cost method on a 
three-month basis, or on a different time period (e.g. monthly), when 
it is justified by the use and the turnover of inventories of crude oil 
and petroleum products; the cost of inventories of the Chemical 
business is determined by applying the weighted average cost on 
an annual basis. When take-or-pay clauses are included in long-term 
gas purchase contracts, pre-paid gas volumes that are not withdrawn 
to fulfill minimum annual take obligations are measured using the 
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pricing formulas contractually defined. They are recognised within 
“Other assets” as “Deferred costs”, as a contra to “Trade and other 
payables” or, after settlement, to “Cash and cash equivalents”. The 
allocated deferred costs are charged to the profit and loss account: (i) 
when natural gas is actually withdrawn – the related cost is included 
in the determination of the weighted average cost of inventories; and 
(ii) for the portion which is not recoverable, when it is not possible to 
withdraw the previously pre-paid gas within the contractually defined 
deadlines. Furthermore, the allocated deferred costs are tested for 
economic recoverability by comparing the related carrying amount 
and their net realisable value, determined adopting the same criteria 
described for inventories. 
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND 
JUDGMENTS: IMPAIRMENT OF NON-FINANCIAL 
ASSETS
The assessment of the recoverability of non-financial assets 
depends on management estimates on highly uncertain and 
complex matters such as future commodity prices, future 
discount rates, future development costs and production costs, 
the effects of inflation and technology improvements on operating 
expenses, production profiles and the outlook for global or regional 
market supply-and-demand conditions also with reference to the 
decarbonization process and the effects of changes in regulatory 
requirements. The definition of CGUs and the identification of their 
appropriate grouping for the purpose of testing for impairment the 
carrying amount of goodwill, corporate assets as well as common 
facilities within the E&P operating segment, require judgment by 
management. In particular, CGUs are identified considering, inter 
alia, how management monitors the entity’s operations (such as 
by business lines) or how management makes decisions about 
continuing or disposing of the entity’s assets and operations. 
Similar remarks are valid for assessing the physical recoverability 
of assets recognised on the balance sheet (deferred costs – see 
also the accounting policy for “Inventories”) related to natural gas 
volumes not withdrawn under long-term supply contracts with 
take-or-pay clauses. 
The definition of the expected future cash flows used for impairment 
analyses is based on judgmental assessments of future production 
volumes, prices and costs, considering available information at the 
date of review. With reference to commodity prices, management 
assumes the price scenario adopted for economic-financial 
projections and for the evaluation of investments over their entire 
life. The price scenario is approved by the Board of Directors (see 
point ‘Significant accounting estimates and judgments made in 
assessing the impacts of climate-related risks’). Moreover, the 
estimate of expected future cash flows taking into consideration 
the current and expected decarbonization trends, is performed 
taking into account: (i) the evolution of the future energy system; 
(ii) the fundamentals of the various energy markets; as well as (iii) 
the constant benchmarking with the views of market analysts and 
other specialised institutions. 
For oil and natural gas properties, the expected future cash flows 
are estimated based on proved and probable reserves, including, 
among other elements, production taxes and the costs to be 
incurred for the reserves yet to be developed. In limited cases (e.g. 
for mineral interests acquired from third parties as part of a business 
combination) the expected cash flows may take into account also the 
risk-adjusted possible reserves, if they are considered to determine 
the consideration transferred. 
The estimate of the future rates of production is based on 
assumptions related to future commodity prices, operating costs, 
lifting and development costs, field decline rates and other factors. 
More details on the main assumptions underlying the determination 
of the recoverable amount of non-financial assets are set out in 
note 15 - Reversals (Impairments) of tangible and intangible assets 
and right-of-use assets. Sensitivity of outcomes to decarbonization 
scenarios. 
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 
FINANCIAL ASSETS 
Financial assets, held by the Group, are classified, on the basis of both 
contractual cash flow characteristics and the entity’s business model 
for managing them, in the following categories: (i) financial assets 
measured at amortised cost; and (ii) financial assets measured at 
fair value through profit or loss (hereinafter also FVTPL). At initial 
recognition, a financial asset is measured at its fair value plus, in the 
case of a financial asset not at FVTPL, transaction costs that are 
directly attributable; at initial recognition, trade receivables that do 
not have a significant financing component are measured at their 
transaction price. 
After initial recognition, financial assets whose contractual terms 
give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and 
interest on the principal amount outstanding are measured at 
amortised cost if they are held within a business model whose 
objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual 
cash flows (the so-called hold to collect business model). For 
financial assets measured at amortised cost, interest income 
determined using the effective interest rate, foreign exchange 
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differences and any impairment losses20 (see the accounting policy 
for “Impairment of financial assets”) are recognised in the profit 
and loss account. 
Financial assets represented by debt instruments that are not 
measured at amortised cost are measured at FVTPL; financial 
assets held for trading, as well as the portfolios of financial assets 
managed and evaluated on a fair value basis, fall into this category. 
Interest income on such financial assets contributes to the related 
fair value measurement and is recognised in “Finance income 
(expense)”, within “Net finance income (expense) from financial 
assets at fair value through profit or loss”. When the purchase or sale 
of a financial asset is under a contract whose terms require delivery 
of the asset within the time frame established generally by regulation 
or convention in the marketplace concerned, the transaction is 
accounted for on the settlement date. 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits, 
as well as financial assets originally due, generally, up to three 
months, readily convertible to known amount of cash and subject to 
an insignificant risk of changes in value. 
IMPAIRMENT OF FINANCIAL ASSETS 
The expected credit loss model is adopted for the impairment of 
financial assets that are debt instruments but are not measured 
at FVTPL21. In particular, the expected credit losses are generally 
measured by multiplying: (i) the exposure to the counterparty’s 
credit risk net of any collateral held and other credit enhancements 
(Exposure At Default, EAD); (ii) the probability that the default of 
the counterparty occurs (Probability of Default, PD); and (iii) the 
percentage estimate of the exposure that will not be recovered 
in case of default (Loss Given Default, LGD), considering the 
past experiences and the range of recovery tools that can be 
activated (e.g. extrajudicial and/or legal proceedings, etc.). With 
reference to trade and other receivables, Probabilities of Default 
of counterparties are determined by adopting the internal credit 
ratings already used for credit worthiness and are periodically 
reviewed using, inter alia, back testing analyses; for government 
entities (e.g. National Oil Companies), the Probability of Default, 
represented essentially by the probability of a delayed payment, 
is determined by using, as input data, the country risk premium 
adopted to determine WACC for the impairment review of 
nonfinancial assets. For customers without internal credit ratings, 
the expected credit losses are measured by using a provision 
matrix, defined by grouping, where appropriate, receivables 
(20)  Receivables and other financial assets measured at amortised cost are presented on the balance sheet net of their loss allowance.
(21)  The expected credit loss model is also adopted: (i) for issued financial guarantee contracts not measured at FVTPL; as well as (ii) for issued performance guarantees contracts 
Expected credit losses recognised on issued guarantees are not material.
(22)  For credit exposures arising from intragroup transactions, the recovery rate is normally assumed equal to 100% taking into account, inter alia, the Group central treasury function 
which supports both financial and capital needs of subsidiaries.
into adequate clusters to which apply expected loss rates 
defined on the basis of their historical credit loss experiences, 
adjusted, where appropriate, to take into account forward-looking 
information on credit risk of the counterparty or clusters of 
counterparties22. Considering the characteristics of the reference 
markets, financial assets with more than 180 days past due or, in 
any case, with counterparties undergoing litigation, restructuring 
or renegotiation, are considered to be in default. Counterparties 
are 
considered 
undergoing 
litigation 
when 
judicial/legal 
proceedings aimed to recover a receivable have been activated 
or are going to be activated. Impairment losses of trade and other 
receivables are recognised in the profit and loss account, net of 
any impairment reversal, within the line item of the profit and loss 
account “Net (impairment losses) reversals of trade and other 
receivables”. The financing receivables granted to associates 
and joint ventures, for which settlement is neither planned nor 
likely to occur in the foreseeable future and which in substance 
form part of the entity’s net investment in these investees, are 
tested for impairment, first, on the basis of the expected credit 
loss model and, then, together with the carrying amount of the 
investment in the associate/joint venture, in accordance with the 
criteria indicated in the accounting policy for “The equity method 
of accounting”. In applying the expected credit loss model, any 
adjustments to the carrying amount of long-term interest that 
arise from applying the accounting policy for “The equity method 
of accounting” are not taken into account. 
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND 
JUDGMENTS: IMPAIRMENT OF FINANCIAL 
ASSETS 
Measuring impairment losses of financial assets requires 
management evaluation of complex and highly uncertain elements 
such as, for example, Probabilities of Default of counterparties, the 
assessment of any collateral or other credit enhancements, the 
expected exposure that will not be recovered in case of default, as 
well as the definition of customers’ clusters to be adopted. Further 
details on the main assumptions underlying the measurement of 
expected credit losses of financial assets are provided in note 8 - 
Trade and other receivables. 
INVESTMENTS IN EQUITY INSTRUMENTS 
Investments in equity instruments that are not held for trading 
are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, 
without subsequent transfer of fair value changes to profit or loss 
on derecognition of these investments; conversely, dividends from 
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these investments are recognised in the profit and loss account, 
within the line item “Income (Expense) from investments”, unless 
they clearly represent a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. 
In limited circumstances, an investment in equity instruments can be 
measured at cost if it is an appropriate estimate of fair value. 
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES 
At initial recognition, financial liabilities, other than derivative financial 
instruments, are measured at their fair value, minus transaction costs 
that are directly attributable, and are subsequently measured at 
amortised cost. The sustainability-linked bonds, i.e. financial liabilities 
where the interest rate is periodically adjusted to reflect changes in the 
borrower’s performance relative to certain sustainability targets (the 
so-called ESG metrics), are measured at amortised cost. Generally, 
changes in the interest rate result in an update of the effective interest 
rate to be used for the recognition of interest expense. The issue of a 
convertible bond into ordinary shares of the issuer (without substantial 
cash settlement option) determines the separate recognition of the 
components of the instrument represented by the debt component, 
measured at amortised cost, and by the conversion option, recognised 
in equity. Any eventually transaction costs are allocated proportionally 
between the financial liability and the equity instrument. 
SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS: FINANCIAL 
LIABILITIES 
The Group’s companies can negotiate supplier finance arrangements 
(supply chain finance, payable finance, reverse factoring and similar 
agreements) with suppliers to obtain extended payment terms, 
without the necessary and automatic involvement of a financial 
institution. In such cases, management judges whether or not 
payables towards suppliers have to be reclassified as financial 
liabilities from trade/investing activity payables. In order to make 
such judgment, management considers if the payment terms differ 
from the ones that are customary in the industry, any additional 
security is provided as part of the arrangement as well as any other 
facts and circumstances. 
The classification of a debt as financial determines: (i) upon 
reclassification/initial recognition of the liability, a non-monetary 
change with no impacts on the statement of cash flows; (ii) upon 
the settlement of the liability, the classification of the payment within 
net cash used in financing activities. With reference to sustainability-
linked bonds, management assesses whether the non-compliance 
with an ESG metric could adversely impact operations and, therefore, 
revenue generation and creditworthiness of the Company. 
DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS  
AND HEDGE ACCOUNTING 
Derivative financial instruments are assets and liabilities 
recognised and measured at their fair value. With reference to the 
defined risk management objectives and strategy, the qualifying 
criteria for hedge accounting requires: (i) the existence of an 
economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging 
instrument in order to offset the related value changes and the 
effects of counterparty credit risk do not dominate the economic 
relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument; 
and (ii) the definition of the relationship between the quantity of the 
hedged item and the quantity of the hedging instrument (the so-
called hedge ratio) consistent with the entity’s risk management 
objectives, under a defined risk management strategy; the hedge 
ratio is adjusted, where appropriate, after taking into account any 
adequate rebalancing. A hedging relationship is discontinued 
prospectively, in its entirety or a part of it, when it no longer meets 
the risk management objectives on the basis of which it qualified 
for hedge accounting, it ceases to meet the other qualifying 
criteria or after rebalancing it. When derivatives hedge the risk of 
changes in the fair value of the hedged items (fair value hedge, 
e.g. hedging of the variability in the fair value of fixed interest 
rate assets/liabilities), the derivatives are measured at fair 
value through profit and loss. Consistently, the carrying amount 
of the hedged item is adjusted to reflect, in the profit and loss 
account, the changes in fair value of the hedged item attributable 
to the hedged risk; this applies even if the hedged item should 
be otherwise measured. When derivatives hedge the exposure to 
variability in cash flows of the hedged items (cash flow hedge, 
e.g. hedging the variability in the cash flows of assets/liabilities 
as a result of the fluctuations of exchange rate), the effective 
changes in the fair value of the derivatives are initially recognised 
in the equity reserve related to other comprehensive income and 
then reclassified to the profit and loss account in the same period 
during which the hedged transaction affects the profit and loss 
account. If a hedged forecast transaction subsequently results in 
the recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial liability, 
the accumulated changes in fair value of hedging derivatives, 
recognised in equity, are included directly in the carrying amount 
of the hedged non-financial asset/liability (commonly referred 
to as a “basis adjustment”). The changes in the fair value of 
non-hedging derivatives on interest rates and exchange rates 
are recognised in the profit and loss account line item “Finance 
income (expense)”; conversely, the changes in the fair value of 
non-hedging derivatives on commodities are recognised in the 
profit and loss account line item “Other operating (expense) 
income”. 
Derivatives embedded in financial assets are not accounted for 
separately; in such circumstances, the entire hybrid instrument is 
classified depending on the contractual cash flow characteristics of 
the financial instrument and the business model for managing it (see 
the accounting policy for “Financial assets”).  Conversely, derivatives 
embedded in financial liabilities measured at amortised cost and/or 
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non-financial assets are separated if the economic characteristics 
and risks of the embedded derivative are not closely related to the 
economic characteristics and risks of the host contract. 
Eni assesses the existence of embedded derivatives to be separated 
when it becomes party to the contract and, afterwards, when a change 
in the terms of the contract that modifies its cash flows occurs. 
Contracts to buy or sell commodities entered into and continued 
to be held for the purpose of their receipt or delivery in accordance 
with the Group’s expected purchase, sale or usage requirements are 
recognised on an accrual basis (the so-called own use exemption). 
OFFSETTING OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND 
LIABILITIES 
Financial assets and liabilities are set off on the balance sheet if the 
Group currently has a legally enforceable right to set off and intends 
to settle on a net basis (or to realise the asset and settle the liability 
simultaneously). 
DERECOGNITION OF FINANCIAL ASSETS 
AND LIABILITIES 
Transferred financial assets are derecognised when the contractual 
rights to receive the cash flows from the financial assets expire or 
are transferred to another party. Financial liabilities are derecognised 
when they are extinguished, or when the obligation specified in the 
contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. 
PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND 
CONTINGENT ASSETS 
Provisions are recognised when: (i) there is a present obligation, 
legal or constructive, as a result of a past event; (ii) it is probable 
that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will 
be required to settle the obligation; and (iii) the amount of the 
obligation can be reliably estimated. The amount recognised as 
a provision is the best estimate of the expenditure required to 
settle the present obligation or to transfer it to third parties on the 
balance sheet date. The amount recognised for onerous contracts 
is the lower of the cost necessary to fulfill the obligations, net of 
expected economic benefits deriving from the contracts, and 
any compensation or penalties arising from failure to fulfill these 
obligations. Where the effect of the time value is material, and 
the payment date of the obligations can be reasonably estimated, 
provisions to be accrued are the present value of the expected 
cash outflows determined taking into account the time value of 
money and the risks associated with the obligation. The change in 
provisions due to the passage of time is recognised within “Finance 
income (expense)” in the profit and loss account. A provision for 
restructuring costs is recognised only when the Company has 
a detailed formal plan for the restructuring and has raised a 
valid expectation in the affected parties that it will carry out the 
restructuring. Provisions are periodically reviewed and adjusted 
to reflect changes in the estimates of costs, timing and discount 
rates. Changes in provisions are recognised in the same line item 
where the original provision was charged. Contingent liabilities are: 
(i) possible obligations arising from past events, whose existence 
will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one 
or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of 
the Company; or (ii) present obligations arising from past events, 
whose amount cannot be reliably measured or whose settlement 
will probably not result in an outflow of resources embodying 
economic benefits. Contingent liabilities are not recognised in the 
financial statements but are disclosed. Contingent assets, which 
are possible assets arising from past events and whose existence 
will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one 
or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of 
the Company, are not recognised in financial statements unless 
the realisation of economic benefits is virtually certain. Contingent 
assets are disclosed when an inflow of economic benefits is 
probable. Contingent assets are assessed periodically to ensure 
that developments are appropriately reflected in the financial 
statements. 
DECOMMISSIONING AND RESTORATION 
LIABILITIES 
Liabilities for decommissioning and restoration costs are recognized, 
together with a corresponding amount as part of the related 
property, plant and equipment, when the conditions indicated in the 
accounting policy “Provisions, Contingent Liabilities And Contingent 
Assets” are met.
 Such liabilities are reviewed regularly to take into account the 
changes in the expected costs to be incurred, contractual obligations, 
regulatory requirements and practices in force in the countries where 
the tangible assets are located. 
The effects of any changes in the estimate of the liability are 
recognised generally as an adjustment to the carrying amount of 
the related property, plant and equipment; however, if the resulting 
decrease in the liability exceeds the carrying amount of the related 
asset, the excess is recognised in the profit and loss account. 
ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITIES 
Environmental liabilities are recognised when the Group has a 
present obligation, legal or constructive, relating to environmental 
clean-up and remediation of soil and groundwater in areas owned or 
under concession where the Group performed in the past industrial 
operations that were progressively divested, shut down, dismantled 
or restructured. Liabilities for environmental costs are recognised 
when a clean-up is probable and the associated costs can be reliably 
estimated. The liability is measured on the basis of the costs expected 
to be incurred in relation to the existing situation at the balance sheet 
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date, considering virtually certain future developments in technology 
and legislation that are known. 
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND 
JUDGMENTS: DECOMMISSIONING AND 
RESTORATION LIABILITIES, ENVIRONMENTAL 
LIABILITIES AND OTHER PROVISIONS 
The Group holds provisions for dismantling and removing items of 
property, plant and equipment, and restoring land or seabed at the 
end of the oil and gas production activity. 
Estimating the amount and the timing of the obligations to 
dismantle, remove and restore items of property, plant and 
equipment is complex. It requires management to make estimates 
and judgments with respect to removal obligations that will come 
to term many years into the future and contracts and regulations 
are often unclear as to what constitutes removal. In addition, the 
ultimate financial impact of environmental laws and regulations 
is not always clearly known as asset removal technologies and 
costs constantly evolve in the countries where Eni operates, 
as do political, environmental, safety and public expectations. 
Decommissioning and restoration provisions, recognised in 
the financial statements, include, essentially, the present value 
of the expected costs for decommissioning oil and natural 
gas facilities at the end of the economic lives of fields, well-
plugging, abandonment and site restoration of the Exploration 
& Production operating segment. Any decommissioning and 
restoration provisions associated with the other operating 
segments’ assets, given their indeterminate settlement dates, 
also considering the strategy to reconvert plants in order to 
produce low carbon products, are recognised when it is possible 
to make a reliable estimate of the discounted abandonment costs. 
In this regard, Eni performs periodic reviews for any changes 
in facts and circumstances that might require recognition of a 
decommissioning and restoration provision. Eni is subject to 
numerous EU, national, regional and local environmental laws 
and regulations concerning its oil and gas operations, production 
and other activities. They include legislations that implement 
international conventions or protocols. Environmental liabilities 
are recognised when it becomes probable that an outflow of 
resources will be required to settle the obligation and such 
obligation can be reliably estimated. On this regard, with reference 
to groundwater treatment plants, the enhancement of the know-
how gained on water contamination trends, as well as the 
positions of the competent authorities, allows the definition of a 
predictive model for estimating the time horizon within which the 
operations of those plants will be terminated and, therefore, for 
estimating the cost of managing and monitoring them. The reliable 
determinability is verified on the basis of the available information 
such as, for example, the approval or filing of the environmental 
projects to the relevant administrative authorities or the making 
of a commitment to the relevant administrative authorities, where 
supported by adequate estimates. Management, considering 
the actions already taken, insurance policies obtained to cover 
environmental risks and provisions already recognised, does not 
expect any material adverse effect on Eni’s consolidated results 
of operations and financial position as a result of such laws and 
regulations. However, there can be no assurance that there will 
not be a material adverse impact on Eni’s consolidated results of 
operations and financial position due to: (i) the possibility of an 
unknown contamination; (ii) the results of the ongoing surveys 
and other possible effects of statements required by applicable 
laws; (iii) the possible effects of future environmental legislations 
and rules; (iv) the effects of possible technological changes 
relating to future remediation; and (v) the possibility of litigation 
and the difficulty of determining Eni’s liability, if any, against other 
potentially responsible parties with respect to such litigations and 
the possible reimbursements. 
Moreover, considering the significant time period covered by the 
environmental liabilities, further uncertainties associated with the 
estimate are related to the definition of: i) the time-frame required 
to reduce contaminants; ii) the future costs to be incurred for 
remediation activities; iii) the discount and inflation rates.
In addition to environmental and decommissioning and restoration 
liabilities, Eni recognises provisions primarily related to legal and 
trade proceedings. These provisions are estimated on the basis of 
complex managerial judgments. 
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS 
Employee benefits are considerations given by the Group in 
exchange for service rendered by employees or for the termination 
of employment. Post-employment benefit plans, including informal 
arrangements, are classified as either defined contribution plans 
or defined benefit plans depending on the economic substance 
of the plan as derived from its principal terms and conditions. 
Under defined contribution plans, the Company’s obligation, which 
consists in making payments to the State or to a trust or a fund, is 
determined on the basis of contributions due. The liabilities related 
to defined benefit plans, net of any plan assets, are determined 
on the basis of actuarial assumptions and charged on an accrual 
basis during the employment period required to obtain the benefits. 
Net interest includes the interest cost on liabilities and interest 
income on plan assets. Net interest is measured by applying to the 
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liabilities, net of any plan assets, the discount rate used to calculate 
the present value of the liability; net interest of defined benefit plans 
is recognised in “Finance income (expense)”. Remeasurements 
of the net defined benefit liability, comprising actuarial gains and 
losses, resulting from changes in the actuarial assumptions used 
or from changes arising from experience adjustments, and the 
return on plan assets excluding amounts included in net interest, 
are recognised within the statement of comprehensive income. 
Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, recognised 
within other comprehensive income, are not reclassified 
subsequently to the profit and loss account. Obligations for long-
term benefits are determined by adopting actuarial assumptions. 
The effects of remeasurements are taken to profit and loss 
account in their entirety. The liabilities for termination benefits are 
recognised at the earlier of the following dates: (a) when the entity 
can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and (b) when 
the entity recognises costs for a restructuring that involves the 
payment of termination benefits. Such liabilities are measured in 
accordance with the nature of the employee benefit. In particular, if 
the termination benefits are an enhancement to post-employment 
benefits, the related liability is measured in accordance with the 
requirements for post-employment benefits. Otherwise, liabilities 
for termination benefits are determined applying the requirements: 
(i) for short-term employee benefits, if the termination benefits are 
expected to be settled wholly before twelve months after the end 
of the annual reporting period in which the termination benefits are 
recognised; or (ii) for long-term benefits if the termination benefits 
are not expected to be settled wholly before twelve months after 
the end of the annual reporting period. 
SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS 
The line item “Payroll and related costs” includes the cost of the 
share-based incentive plan, consistent with its actual remunerative 
nature. (Long-term share-based incentive plans for the managers of 
Eni and Employee Stock Ownership Plan). 
With reference to Long-term share-based incentive plans for the 
managers of Eni the cost of the share-based incentive plan is 
measured by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments 
granted and the estimate of the number of shares that eventually 
vest; the cost is recognised on an accrual basis pro rata temporis 
over the vesting period, that is the period between the grant date 
and the settlement date. The fair value of the shares underlying the 
incentive plan is measured at the grant date, taking into account 
the estimate of achievement of market conditions (e.g. Total 
Shareholder Return), and is not adjusted in subsequent periods; 
when the achievement is linked also to nonmarket conditions, the 
number of shares expected to vest is adjusted during the vesting 
period to reflect the updated estimate of these conditions. If, at the 
end of the vesting period, the incentive plan does not vest because 
of failure to satisfy the performance conditions, the portion of cost 
related to market conditions is not reversed to the profit and loss 
account. 
A similar accounting treatment is adopted with reference to the 
Employee Stock Ownership Plan, whose cost is determined on the 
basis of the fair value of shares at the grant date, it is allocated over 
the period of time (three years) required for the employee to acquire 
full ownership and availability of the shares granted.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND 
JUDGMENTS: EMPLOYEE BENEFITS AND SHARE-
BASED PAYMENTS 
Defined benefit plans are evaluated with reference to uncertain 
events and based upon actuarial assumptions. The significant 
assumptions used to account for defined benefit plans are 
determined as follows: (i) discount and inflation rates are based 
on the market yields on high quality corporate bonds (or, in the 
absence of a deep market of these bonds, on the market yields 
on government bonds) and on the expected inflation rates in 
the reference currency area; (ii) the future salary levels of the 
individual employees are determined including an estimate of 
future changes attributed to general price levels (consistent with 
inflation rate assumptions), productivity, seniority and promotion; 
(iii) healthcare cost trend assumptions reflect an estimate of the 
actual future changes in the cost of the healthcare related benefits 
provided to the plan participants and are based on past and current 
healthcare cost trends, including healthcare inflation, changes in 
healthcare utilisation, changes in health status of the participants 
and the contributions paid to health funds; and (iv) demographic 
assumptions such as mortality, disability and turnover reflect the 
best estimate of these future events for individual employees 
involved. The amount of the net defined benefit liability (asset) 
changes according to the remeasurements, comprising, among 
others, changes in the current actuarial assumptions, differences in 
the previous actuarial assumptions and what has actually occurred 
and differences in the return on plan assets, excluding amounts 
included in net interest, usually occur. Similar to the approach 
followed for the fair value measurement of financial instruments, 
the fair value of the shares underlying the incentive plans is 
measured by using complex valuation techniques and identifying, 
through structured judgments, the assumptions to be adopted. 
Further details on the share-based incentives plans for managers 
are provided in note 30 - Costs.
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EQUITY INSTRUMENTS 
TREASURY SHARES 
Treasury shares, including shares held to meet the future 
requirements of the share-based incentive plans and the Employee 
Stock Ownership Plan, are recognised as deductions from equity at 
cost. Any gain or loss resulting from subsequent sales is recognised 
in equity. 
HYBRID BONDS 
The perpetual subordinated hybrid bonds are classified in the financial 
statements as equity instruments considering that the issuer has 
the unconditional right to defer, until the date of its own liquidation, 
the repayment of the principal amount and the payment of accrued 
interest23. Therefore, the issuer recognises the cash received from 
the bondholders, net of costs incurred in issuing the hybrid bonds, as 
an increase in Eni owners’ equity; differently, the repayments of the 
principal amount and the payments of accrued interest (upon the 
arising of the related contractual payment obligation) are accounted 
for as a decrease in Eni owners’ equity. 
REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH 
CUSTOMERS 
Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when the 
related performance obligation is satisfied that is when a promised 
good or service is transferred to a customer. A promised good or 
service is transferred when (or as) the customer obtains control of 
it. Control can be transferred over time or at a point in time. With 
reference to the most important products sold by Eni, revenue is 
generally recognised for: 
• crude oil, upon shipment; 
• natural gas, LNG and electricity, upon delivery to the customer; 
• petroleum products sold to retail distribution networks, upon 
delivery to the service stations, whereas all other sales of 
petroleum products are recognised upon shipment; 
• chemical products and other products, upon shipment. 
Revenue from crude oil and natural gas production from properties in 
which Eni has an interest together with other producers is recognised 
on the basis of the quantities actually lifted and sold (sales method); 
costs are recognised on the basis of the quantities actually sold. 
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration to which 
the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring 
promised goods and/or services to a customer, excluding amounts 
collected on behalf of third parties. If the consideration promised 
in a contract includes a variable amount, the Company estimates 
(23)  The payment of accrued interest is required upon the occurrence of events under the issuer’s control such as, for example, a distribution of dividends to shareholders.
the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange 
for transferring the promised goods and/or services to a customer; 
in particular, the amount of consideration can vary because of 
discounts, refunds, incentives, price concessions, performance 
bonuses, penalties or if the price is contingent on the occurrence or 
non-occurrence of future events. 
If, in a contract, the Company grants a customer the option to acquire 
additional goods or services for free or at a discount (e.g. sales 
incentives, customer award points, etc.), this option gives rise to a 
separate performance obligation in the contract only if the option 
provides a material right to the customer that it would not receive 
without entering into that contract. 
When goods or services are exchanged for goods or services which 
are of a similar nature and value, the exchange is not regarded as a 
transaction which generates revenue. 
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND 
JUDGMENTS: REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS 
WITH CUSTOMERS 
Revenue from sales of electricity and gas to retail customers 
includes the amount accrued for electricity and gas supplied 
between the date of the last invoiced meter reading (actual or 
estimated) of volumes consumed and the end of the year. These 
estimates consider information provided by the grid managers 
about the volumes allocated among the customers of the secondary 
distribution network, about the actual and estimated volumes 
consumed by customers, as well as internal estimates about 
volumes consumed by customers. Therefore, revenue is accrued 
as a result of a complex estimate based on the volumes distributed 
and allocated, communicated by third parties, likely to be adjusted, 
according to applicable regulations, within the fifth year following the 
one in which they are accrued, as well as on estimates about volumes 
consumed by customers. Considering the contractual obligations on 
the supply delivery points, revenue from sales of electricity and gas 
to retail customers includes costs for transportation and dispatching 
and in these cases the gross amount of consideration to which the 
Company is entitled is recognised. 
COSTS 
Costs are recognised when the related goods and services are 
sold or consumed during the year, when they are allocated on a 
systematic basis or when their future economic benefits cannot be 
identified. Costs associated with emission quotas, incurred to meet 
the compliance requirements (e.g. Emission Trading Scheme) and 
determined on the basis of market prices, are recognised in relation 
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to the amounts of the carbon dioxide emissions that exceed free 
allowances. Costs related to the purchase of the emission rights that 
exceed the amount necessary to meet regulatory obligations are 
recognised as intangible assets. Revenue related to emission quotas 
is recognised when they are sold. Emission rights held for trading 
are recognised within inventories. The costs incurred on a voluntary 
basis for the acquisition or production of forestry certificates, also 
taking into account the absence of an active market, are recognised 
in the profit and loss account when incurred. 
The costs incurred for scientific research activities or technological 
development, which cannot be capitalised (see also the accounting 
policy for “Intangible assets”), are included in the profit and loss 
account when they are incurred. 
EXCHANGE DIFFERENCES 
Revenues and costs associated with transactions in foreign 
currencies are translated into the functional currency by applying 
the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets 
and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into 
the functional currency at the spot exchange rate on the balance 
sheet date and any resulting exchange differences are included 
in the profit and loss account within “Finance income (expense)” 
or, if designated as hedging instruments for the foreign currency 
risk, in the same line item in which the economic effects of the 
hedged item are recognised. Non-monetary assets and liabilities 
denominated in foreign currencies, measured at cost, are not 
retranslated subsequent to initial recognition. Nonmonetary items 
measured at fair value, recoverable amount or net realisable value 
are retranslated using the exchange rate at the date when the value 
is determined. 
DIVIDENDS 
Dividends are recognised when the right to receive payment of the 
dividend is established. Dividends and interim dividends to owners 
are shown as changes in equity when the dividends are declared by, 
respectively, the shareholders’ meeting and the Board of Directors. 
INCOME TAXES 
Current income taxes are determined on the basis of estimated 
taxable profit. Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured 
at the amount expected to be paid to (recovered from) the taxation 
authorities, using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted 
or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for temporary 
differences arising between the carrying amounts of the assets 
and liabilities and their tax bases, based on tax rates and tax laws 
that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised 
or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have 
been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting 
period. Deferred tax assets are recognised when their recoverability 
is considered probable, i.e. when it is probable that sufficient 
taxable profit will be available in the same year as the reversal of 
the deductible temporary difference. Similarly, deferred tax assets 
for the carry-forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses 
are recognised to the extent that their recoverability is probable. The 
carrying amount of the deferred tax assets is reviewed, at least, on 
an annual basis. 
Relating to the taxable temporary differences associated with 
investments in subsidiaries and associates, and interests in joint 
arrangements, the related deferred tax liabilities are not recognised 
if the investor is able to control the timing of the reversal of the 
temporary differences and it is probable that the temporary 
differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 
If there is uncertainty over income tax treatments, if the company: 
(i) concludes it is probable that the taxation authority will accept an 
uncertain tax treatment, it determines the (current and/ or deferred) 
income taxes to be recognised in the financial statements consistent 
with the tax treatment used or planned to be used in its income tax 
filings; (ii) concludes it is not probable that the taxation authority will 
accept an uncertain tax treatment, the company reflects the effect 
of uncertainty in determining the (current and/or deferred) income 
taxes to be recognised in the financial statements. 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented within noncurrent 
assets and liabilities and are offset at a single entity level if related to 
offsettable taxes. The balance of the offset, if positive, is recognised 
in the line item “Deferred tax assets” and, if negative, in the line item 
“Deferred tax liabilities”. 
When the results of transactions are recognised in other 
comprehensive income or directly in equity, the related current and 
deferred taxes are also recognised in other comprehensive income 
or directly in equity. 
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND 
JUDGMENTS: INCOME TAXES 
The computation of income taxes involves the interpretation 
of applicable tax laws and regulations in many jurisdictions 
throughout the world. Although Eni aims to maintain a relationship 
with the taxation authorities characterised by transparency, 
dialogue and cooperation (e.g. by not using aggressive tax 
planning and by using, if available, procedures intended to 
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eliminate or reduce tax litigations), there can be no assurance that 
there will not be a tax litigation with the taxation authorities where 
the legislation could be open to more than one interpretation. 
The resolution of tax disputes, through negotiations with relevant 
taxation authorities or through litigation, could take several years 
to complete. The estimate of liabilities related to uncertain tax 
treatments requires complex judgments by management. After 
the initial recognition, these liabilities are periodically reviewed for 
any changes in facts and circumstances. Moreover, management 
makes complex judgments regarding mainly the assessment of 
the recoverability of deferred tax assets, related both to deductible 
temporary differences and unused tax losses, which requires 
estimates and evaluations about the amount and the timing of 
future taxable profits. 
ASSETS HELD FOR SALE AND 
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS 
Non-current assets and current and non-current assets included 
within disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying 
amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction 
rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met 
only when the sale is highly probable and the asset or the disposal 
group is available for immediate sale in its present condition. When 
there is a sale plan involving loss of control of a subsidiary, all the 
assets and liabilities of that subsidiary are classified as held for 
sale, regardless of whether a non-controlling interest in its former 
subsidiary will be retained after the sale. 
Immediately before the initial classification of a noncurrent asset 
and/or a disposal group as held for sale, the non-current asset and/
or the assets and liabilities in the disposal group are measured 
in accordance with applicable IFRSs. Subsequently, non-current 
assets held for sale are not depreciated or amortised and they are 
measured at the lower of the fair value less costs to sell and their 
carrying amount. 
If an equity-accounted investment, or a portion of that investment 
meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, it is no longer 
accounted for using the equity method. Any difference between 
the carrying amount of the noncurrent assets and the fair value 
less costs to sell is taken to the profit and loss account as an 
impairment loss; any subsequent reversal is recognised up to 
the cumulative impairment losses, including those recognised 
prior to qualification of the asset as held for sale. Non-current 
assets classified as held for sale and disposal groups are 
considered a discontinued operation if they, alternatively: (i) 
represent a separate major line of business or geographical area 
of operations; (ii) are part of a disposal program of a separate 
major line of business or geographical area of operations; or (iii) 
are a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. The 
results of discontinued operations, as well as any gain or loss 
recognised on the disposal, are indicated in a separate line item 
of the profit and loss account, net of the related tax effects; the 
economic figures of discontinued operations are indicated also 
for prior periods presented in the financial statements. If events or 
circumstances occur that no longer allow to classify a non-current 
asset or a disposal group as held for sale, the noncurrent asset 
or the disposal group is reclassified into the original line items of 
the balance sheet and measured at the lower of: (i) its carrying 
amount at the date of classification as held for sale adjusted for 
any depreciation, amortisation, impairment losses and reversals 
that would have been recognised had the asset or disposal group 
not been classified as held for sale, and (ii) its recoverable amount 
at the date of the subsequent decision not to sell. 
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS 
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or 
paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market 
participants (not in a forced liquidation or a distress sale) at the 
measurement date (exit price). 
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are categorized into the 
fair value hierarchy which is defined on the basis of the significance 
of the inputs used to measure fair value. In particular, on the basis 
of the features of the inputs used in the measurement, the fair value 
hierarchy provides for the following levels: 
a) level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical 
assets or liabilities;
b) level 2: measurement based on inputs, other than quoted prices 
included within the previous point, which are observable for the asset 
or liability under measurement, either directly or indirectly;
 c) level 3: unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND 
JUDGMENTS: FAIR VALUE 
Fair value measurement, although based on the best available 
information and on the use of appropriate valuation techniques, is 
inherently uncertain, requires the use of professional judgment and 
could result in expected values other than the actual ones.
2 Primary financial statements
The primary financial statements are the same of the ones used in 
the previous reporting period. 
3 Changes in accounting policies
The amendments to IFRSs effective from January 1, 2024, did not 
have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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4 IFRSs not yet effective 
IFRSs ISSUED BY THE IASB AND ADOPTED 
BY THE EU 
By the Commission Regulation No. 2024/2862 issued on November 
12, 2024, the European Commission adopted the amendments to 
IAS 21 “Lack of Exchangeability”, aimed, substantially, to require 
the estimate of a spot exchange rate when a currency is not 
exchangeable into another currency. The amendments are effective 
for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2025.
IFRSs ISSUED BY THE IASB AND NOT YET 
ADOPTED BY THE EU 
On April 9, 2024, the IASB issued IFRS 18 “Presentation and Disclosure 
in Financial Statements,” which replaces IAS 1. In particular, IFRS 18, 
in order to increase comparability and transparency of information: 
(i) requires the presentation of defined subtotals within the profit 
and loss account and introduces limited changes, essentially, to the 
statement of cash flows and to the balance sheet; (ii) introduces 
specific disclosure requirements, to be provided in the notes to 
the financial statements, about management-defined performance 
measures; and (iii) introduces new criteria for aggregation and 
disaggregation of information presented in the primary financial 
statements and disclosed in the notes. IFRS 18 shall be applied for 
annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2027.
On May 9, 2024, the IASB issued IFRS 19 “Subsidiaries without 
Public Accountability: Disclosures”, aimed to reduce disclosures 
requirements for the preparation of the separate (and, if applicable, 
consolidated) financial statements of companies (that are neither 
listed nor financial institutions) controlled, directly or indirectly, by 
a parent that produces consolidated financial statements that are 
available for public use and that comply with IFRSs. IFRS 19 shall be 
applied for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 
1, 2027.
On May 30, 2024, the IASB issued the amendments to IFRS 9 and 
IFRS 7 “Classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments” 
aimed, essentially, to clarify the timing of derecognition of financial 
liabilities settled through electronic payment systems and to provide 
clarifications about the classification of financial assets with 
environmental, social and governance features (i.e., sustainability 
bond). The amendments shall be applied for annual reporting 
periods beginning on or after January 1, 2026. 
On July 18, 2024, the IASB issued the document “Annual 
Improvements to IFRS Standards - Volume 11”, which includes, 
basically, technical and editorial changes to existing standards. The 
amendments to the standards shall be applied for annual reporting 
periods beginning on or after January 1, 2026.
On 18 December 2024, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 9 
and IFRS 7 “Contracts Referencing Nature dependent Electricity” 
essentially aimed at: (i) clarifying the use of the ‘own-use exemption’ 
for power purchase agreement from renewable source; and (ii) 
allowing, subject to certain conditions, being met, the designation of 
a cash flow hedge in the presence of contracts for the purchase or 
sale of electricity from renewable sources (settable on a net basis). 
The amendments shall be applied for annual reporting periods 
beginning on or after January 1, 2026.
Eni is currently reviewing the IFRSs not yet effective, mentioned 
above, in order to determine the likely impact on the Consolidated 
Financial Statements.
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Acquisitions
In 2024, Eni closed several business combinations acquiring the 
control of third-party companies with an outlay of €2,060 million, 
assuming net financial liabilities for €468 million, of which cash and 
cash equivalents for €265 million.
EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION
On January 31, 2024, Eni closed the 100% acquisition of the Neptune 
Energy group, based in the United Kingdom and operating in exploration, 
development and production of hydrocarbons, mainly natural gas 
assets, primarily located in Indonesia, Algeria, United Kingdom and 
Netherlands. The total cash consideration of the transaction amounted 
to €1,959 million with assumption of: (i) current assets for €476 million; 
(ii) non-current assets for €3,698 million; (iii) net borrowings for €405 
million, of which cash and cash equivalents for €257 million; (iv) current 
and non-current liabilities for €1,810 million. The price was primarily 
allocated to proved properties and to unproved mineral interests on a 
definitive basis without recognition of goodwill.
PLENITUDE 
In 2024, Plenitude finalized minor acquisitions primarily in Spain for 
a total outlay of €51 million with assumption of net borrowings for 
€53 million, of which cash and cash equivalents for €8 million. The 
acquisitions involved companies operating in the renewable energy 
segment with a total capacity of 305 MW and, in the retail segment, 
the acquisition of control through the purchase of the residual 
49% stake in Enera Conseil SAS. The price allocation of net assets 
acquired of Enera Conseil SAS was made on a provisional basis with 
recognition of goodwill for €5 million.
ENILIVE
On May 31, 2024, Eni finalized the 100% acquisition of the Atenoil 
group companies, based in Spain, operating 21 refueling stations 
in the regions of Madrid, Andalusia and Castile-La Mancha. The 
total cash consideration of the transaction amounted to €50 million 
with acquisition of: (i) current assets for €5 million; (ii) non-current 
assets for €37 million; (iii) net borrowings for €10 million; (iv) current 
and non-current liabilities for €10 million. The price allocation of 
the net assets acquired was made on a provisional basis with the 
recognition of goodwill for €28 million.
Information about the definitive purchase price allocation of 
business combinations made in 2023 is provided in note 27 ‐ Other 
Information.
Balance sheet values at the acquisition date of the business 
combinations realized in 2024 are shown in the following table:
5 Business combinations and other significant transactions
(€ million)
Exploration & Production - 
Neptune Energy Group
Plenitude - 
Renewables 
and Retail
Enilive - Atenoil
Total
Cash and cash equivalents
257
8
265
Current financial assets
233
233
Other current assets
476
5
5
486
Current assets
966
13
5
984
Property, plant and equipment
2,501
71
14
2,586
Deferred tax assets
407
407
Other non-current assets
790
57
23
870
Non-current assets
3,698
128
37
3,863
TOTAL ASSETS
4,664
141
42
4,847
Current financial liabilities
45
8
53
Other current liabilities
310
3
6
319
Current liabilities
355
3
14
372
Non-current financial liabilities
850
61
2
913
Provisions
829
1
830
Deferred tax liabilities
586
3
589
Other non-current liabilities
85
2
87
Non-current liabilities
2,350
63
6
2,419
TOTAL LIABILITIES
2,705
66
20
2,791
TOTAL NET ACQUISITIONS
1,959
75
22
2,056
Goodwill
5
28
33
Fair value of investments held before the acquisition of control
(28)
(28)
Non-controlling interest
(1)
(1)
TOTAL CASH CONSIDERATION OF THE TRANSACTION
1,959
51
50
2,060
The acquisitions in 2024 contributed for €758 million to the Group’s revenues and for €319 million to the comprehensive income, of which the 
Neptune group contributed for €689 million and €325 million, respectively. The transaction costs were immaterial.
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 Divestments
In 2024, Eni divested certain non-strategic oil assets as part of a 
portfolio analysis resulting in a review of its spending priorities 
reducing its commitments in development phases of long-lived 
assets and refocusing on core projects in line the Group’s financial 
framework of capital discipline, as well as the strategy of creating 
financially independent entities, geographically focused, aggregating 
its activities with those of other operators for maximizing synergies 
and cash generation opportunities. Divestments and transfers of 
business combination brought in cash proceeds of €1,040 million 
and acquisition of non-controlling interest in associated companies 
of €788 million, divesting net financial assets of €101 million of 
which cash and equivalents of €153 million.
EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION
On August 22, 2024, Eni finalized the sale onshore oil & gas assets in 
Nigeria classified as held for sale in the 2023 financial statements. 
The transaction resulted in the sale of its wholly owned subsidiary 
Nigerian Agip Oil Co Ltd and the consequent exclusion from the 
scope of consolidation of net assets and liabilities for €608 million, 
of which net financial assets for €22 million, and the realization of a 
capital gain for €371 million.
On October 3, 2024, Eni finalized the business combination with 
Ithaca Energy Plc of substantially all of its upstream assets in the 
UK. The combination was settled through the issue to Eni UK of 
such number of new ordinary shares representing approximately 
38.7% of the enlarged issued share capital of Ithaca. The 
transaction resulted in the loss of control in Eni Elgin/Franklin Ltd, 
Eni UKCS Ltd, Eni Energy E&P UK Ltd (former Neptune E&P UK Ltd) 
and Eni Energy E&P UKCS Ltd (former Neptune E&P UKCS Ltd) 
which were transferred to Ithaca Energy Plc including net assets 
and liabilities for €670 million, of which net financial assets for 
€67 million comprising cash and cash equivalents of €103 million, 
receiving in exchange a non-controlling interest in Ithaca Energy 
Plc for €788 million with a gain on disposal of €118 million resulting 
as the difference between the fair value of the interest received 
and the net book value of the assets transferred limitedly to the 
share realized with the third party equal to 61.3% (the so-called 
“downstream transaction” method).
REFINING
On September 3, 2024, Eni finalized the 100% sale of the company 
Eni Ecuador SA and its subsidiary Esain SA, operating in the business 
of transport, storage, and marketing of LPG. The transaction resulted 
in the consequent exclusion from the scope of consolidation of net 
assets and liabilities for €53 million, of which €12 million in cash and 
equivalents, and a capital gain of €7 million.
Balance sheet values of the divestments and/or business 
combinations realized in 2024 are shown in the following table:
(€ million)
Exploration & Production - 
Nigerian Agip Oil Co Ltd
Exploration & Production 
- Business combination 
Ithaca Energy Plc
Refining - 
Eni Ecuador SA
Total
Cash and cash equivalents
38
103
12
153
Other current assets
675
89
38
802
Current assets
713
192
50
955
Property, plant and equipment
806
1,333
18
2,157
Deferred tax assets
86
327
413
Other non-current assets
76
44
5
125
Non-current assets
968
1,704
23
2,695
TOTAL ASSETS
1,681
1,896
73
3,650
Current financial liabilities
10
10
Other current liabilities
509
292
15
816
Current liabilities
519
292
15
826
Non-current financial liabilities
6
36
42
Other non-current liabilities
548
898
5
1,451
Non-current liabilities
554
934
5
1,493
TOTAL LIABILITIES
1,073
1,226
20
2,319
Equity attributable to Eni
608
670
53
1,331
TOTAL EQUITY
608
670
53
1,331
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
1,681
1,896
73
3,650
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7 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
The Company has established a liquidity reserve as part of its 
financial framework with a view of ensuring an adequate level of 
flexibility to the Group development plans and of copying with 
unexpected fund shortfalls or a sudden phase of credit crunch 
and restrictions in accessing financial markets. The management 
of this liquidity reserve is performed through trading activities with 
the aim of optimizing returns, within a predefined and authorized 
level of risk threshold, targeting the preservation of the invested 
capital and the ability to promptly convert it into cash.
Financial assets held for trading include securities subject to 
lending agreements of €738 million (€1,288 million at December 
31, 2023).
The breakdown by currency is provided below:
(€ million)
December 31, 
2024
December 31, 
2023
Bonds issued by sovereign states 
965
1,250
Other
5,474
5,196
Financial assets held for trading
6,439
6,446
Other financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
358
336
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
6,797
6,782
(€ million)
December 31, 
2024
December 31, 
2023
Euro
4,230
3,766
US dollars
2,209
2,680
Financial assets held for trading
6,439
6,446
Euro
162
200
US dollars
196
136
Other financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
358
336
6,797
 6,782
6 Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents of €8,183 million (€10,193 million at 
December 31, 2023) included financial assets with maturity of up to 
three months at the date of inception amounting to €4,816 million 
(€6,462 million at December 31, 2023) and mainly included deposits 
with financial institutions, having notice of more than 48 hours.
Expected credit losses on deposits with banks and financial 
institutions measured at amortized cost were immaterial.
Cash and cash equivalents mainly consisted of deposits in US dollars 
for €5,269 million and in euro for €2,402 million (€7,328 million and 
€1,945 million at December 31, 2023, respectively) representing 
the use of cash on hand in the market for the financial needs of the 
Group.
Restricted cash amounted to €54 million (€205 million at December 
31, 2023) in relation to foreclosure measures by third parties and 
obligations relating to the payment of debts. In February 2025, €42 
million were released.
The average maturity of financial assets originally due within 3 
months was 11 days with an effective interest rate of 4.88% for bank 
deposits in US dollars (€3,396 million) and 8 days with an effective 
interest rate of 3.12% for bank deposits in euros (€1,240 million).
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8 Trade and other receivables
Nominal value 
(€ million)
Fair Value 
(€ million)
Rating - Moody's
Rating - S&P
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states 
Fixed rate bonds
Italy
57
58
Baa3
BBB
United States of America
703
693
Aaa
AA+
Chile
61
60
A2
A
France
60
61
Aa3
AA-
Other(*)
67
66
from Aaa to Baa2
from AAA to BBB-
948
938
Floating rate bonds
Italy
27
27
Baa3
BBB
27
27
Total quoted bonds issued by sovereign states 
975
965
Other Bonds
Fixed rate bonds
Quoted bonds issued by industrial companies
3,083
3,087
from Aaa to Ba2
from AAA to BB
Quoted bonds issued by financial and insurance companies
986
982
from Aa1 to Baa3
from AA+ to BBB-
Other bonds
74
72
from Aaa to Baa2
from AAA to BBB
4,143
4,141
Floating rate bonds
Quoted bonds issued by industrial companies
369
371
from Aa2 to Baa2
from AA to BBB
Quoted bonds issued by financial and insurance companies
709
714
fron Aaa to Baa2
 from AAA to BBB- 
Other bonds
247
248
from Aaa to Baa1
from AAA to BBB+
1,325
1,333
Total other bonds
5,468
5,474
Total financial assets held for trading
6,443
6,439
Other financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
358
358
from Aaa to Baa1
from AAA to BBB+
6,801
6,797
(*) Amounts included herein are lower than €50 million.
Other financial assets at fair value through profit or loss consisted of 
investments in Money Market funds. 
The fair value hierarchy is level 1 for €6,169 million and level 2 for 
€270 million. 
Generally, trade receivables do not bear interest and provide 
payment terms within 180 days.
The decrease in trade receivables of €622 million referred to the 
segment Global Gas & LNG Portfolio and Power for €263 million, 
to the Enilive business line for €334 million and to the Plenitude 
The fair value hierarchy for Other financial assets measured at fair 
value with effects to profit or loss is level 2. During 2024, there were 
no significant transfers between the different hierarchy levels of 
fair value.
business line for €106 million. The decrease in the segment Global 
Gas & LNG Portfolio and Power and the Plenitude business line 
reflected the decline in the prices of energy commodities, which 
decreased the nominal value of the receivables.
In both 2024 and 2023 the group entered into non-recourse 
(€ million)
December 31, 
2024
December 31, 
2023
Trade receivables
12,562
13,184
Receivables from joint ventures in exploration and production activities
1,754
1,365
Receivables from divestments
527
200
Other receivables
2,058
1,802
Total trade and other receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts 
16,901
16,551
The breakdown by issuing entity and credit rating is presented below:
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arrangements to discount certain receivables in support of supply and 
trading activities and the management of credit risk. The amount of 
receivables, primarily current trade receivables, discounted in 2024 is 
in line with the previous financial year.
At the balance sheet date net trade receivables were outstanding for 
€1,256 million (€1,156 million at December 31, 2023), part of which 
past due, relating to supplies of equity hydrocarbons to Egyptian 
state oil companies. On the basis of the commitments of the 
country’s authorities to normalize the outstanding exposure towards 
Eni, an expected credit loss was estimated taking into account the 
time value of collection. In the course of 2024, collected amounts 
were in line with the agreed schedule; therefore, the amount of the 
impairment has not changed from the previous financial year.
The increase in receivables from joint ventures in exploration and 
production activities of €389 million mainly related to cash calls 
from Eni’s partners in operated projects.
Receivables from other counterparties comprised: (i) the recoverable 
amount of €690 million (€600 million at December 31, 2023) of 
overdue trade receivables owed to Eni by the state-owned oil 
company of Venezuela, PDVSA, in relation to equity volumes of 
natural gas supplied to PDVSA by the joint venture Cardón IV SA, 
The classification of the Company’s customers and counterparties 
and the definition of the classes of counterparty risk are disclosed in 
note 1 - Significant accounting policies, estimates and judgments. 
Recoverability of trade receivables for the supply of hydrocarbons, 
products and power to retail, business customers and national oil 
companies and of receivables towards partners in joint ventures of 
equally participated by Eni and Repsol. Those trade receivables 
were divested by the joint venture to the two shareholders. The 
receivables were stated net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, 
estimated based on an expected credit loss rate deemed suitable to 
discount the sovereign default risk and assuming a structural delay in 
collecting natural gas invoices. During the year, under the approval of 
US authorities within the context of the sanctions framework against 
Venezuela, receivables were collected under a barter scheme, which 
provided Eni with the right to lift crude oil entitlements of PDVSA for 
4.2 million barrels, thus limiting the increase in overdue amounts; (ii) 
prepayments for services of €362 million (€358 million at December 
31, 2023); (iii) €243 million (€231 million at December 31, 2023) of 
the amounts to be received from customers following the triggering 
of the take-or-pay clause of long-term natural gas supply contracts.
Trade and other receivables stated in euro for €9,173 million and 
US dollars for €7,270 million (€9,915 million and €6,041 million at 
December 31, 2023, respectively).
Credit risk exposure and expected losses relating to trade and other 
receivables has been prepared on the basis of internal ratings as 
follows:
the Exploration & Production segment for cash calls (national oil 
companies, local private operators or international oil companies) 
is reviewed periodically at the close of each financial year to 
adjust the assessment to the current economic environment and 
business trends, as well as by factoring any possible increase in 
the counterparty risks.
Performing receivables
(€ million)
Low risk
Medium 
risk
High risk
Defaulted 
receivables
Plenitude 
customers
Total
December 31, 2024
Business customers
3,545
5,138
253
700
9,636
National Oil Companies and Public Administrations
369
733
214
3,503
4,819
Other counterparties
1,505
610
1
255
2,860
5,231
Gross amount
5,419
6,481
468
4,458
2,860
19,686
Allowance for doubtful accounts 
(10)
(27)
(12)
(2,162)
(574)
(2,785)
Net amount
5,409
6,454
456
2,296
2,286
16,901
Expected loss (% net of counterpart risk mitigation factors)
0.2
0.4
2.6
48.5
20.1
14.1
December 31, 2023
Business customers
3,577
5,303
331
909
10,120
National Oil Companies and Public Administrations
215
634
168
2,438
3,455
Other counterparties
1,103
616
10
590
2,995
5,314
Gross amount
4,895
6,553
509
3,937
2,995
18,889
Allowance for doubtful accounts 
(19)
(72)
(23)
(1,668)
(556)
(2,338)
Net amount
4,876
6,481
486
2,269
2,439
16,551
Expected loss (% net of counterpart risk mitigation factors)
0.4
1.1
4.5
42.4
18.6
12.4
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The allowance for doubtful accounts was determined considering 
mitigation factors of the counterparty risk amounting to €3,292 
million (€3,493 million at December 31, 2023), which included 
escrow accounts, insurance policies, sureties and bank guarantees.
Additions to allowance for doubtful accounts for trade and other 
performing receivables related to the Plenitude business line for 
€92 million (€78 million in 2023), mainly in the retail business.
Additions to allowance for doubtful accounts for trade and other 
defaulted receivables related to: (i) the Exploration & Production 
segment for €150 million (€238 million in 2023) and mainly 
concerned receivables for the supply of hydrocarbons to state 
company and receivables towards joint operators for cash calls in 
oil projects operated by Eni; (ii) the Plenitude business line for €64 
million (€90 million in 2023).
Utilizations of allowance for doubtful accounts for trade and other 
performing and defaulted receivables amounted to €409 million 
and mainly related to: (i) the Exploration & Production segment for 
€170 million, of which €112 million for unused provisions following 
the in-kind reimbursements of the overdue receivables owed to 
Eni by the state-owned company PDVSA in Venezuela during the 
year; (ii) to the Global Gas & LNG Portfolio business line for €49 
million as consequence of the reduction in credit exposures due to 
the changed market conditions; (iii) the Plenitude business line for 
€136 million.
The exposure to credit risk and expected losses relating to customers of Plenitude was assessed based on a provision matrix as follows:
Past due
(€ million)
Not-past due
from 0 
to 3 months
from 3 
to 6 months
from 6 
to 12 months
over 
12 months
Total
December 31, 2024
Plenitude customers:
- Retail
1,573
114
60
127
219
2,093
- Middle
470
16
4
17
132
639
- Other
123
2
1
1
1
128
Gross amount
2,166
132
65
145
352
2,860
Allowance for doubtful accounts 
(74)
(38)
(45)
(99)
(318)
(574)
Net amount
2,092
94
20
46
34
2,286
Expected loss (%)
3.4
28.8
69.2
68.3
90.3
20.1
December 31, 2023
Plenitude customers:
- Retail
1,477
107
45
93
207
1,929
- Middle
716
39
7
11
134
907
- Other
149
4
1
4
1
159
Gross amount
2,342
150
53
108
342
2,995
Allowance for doubtful accounts 
(72)
(40)
(38)
(76)
(330)
(556)
Net amount
2,270
110
15
32
12
2,439
Expected loss (%)
3.1
26.7
71.7
70.4
96.5
18.6
The following table analyses the allowance for doubtful accounts for trade and other receivables:
(€ million)
2024
2023
Allowance for doubtful accounts - beginning of the year
2,338
2,954
Additions for trade and other performing receivables
136
160
Additions for trade and other defaulted receivables
243
342
Utilizations for trade and other performing receivables
(85)
(140)
Utilizations for trade and other defaulted receivables
(324)
(485)
Other changes
477
(493)
Allowance for doubtful accounts - end of the year
2,785
2,338
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Net (impairments) reversals of trade and other receivables are disclosed as follows:
Receivables with related parties are disclosed in note 36 - Transactions with related parties.
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
New provisions
(379)
(502)
(419)
Net credit losses
(57)
(98)
(81)
Reversals
268
351
547
Net (impairments) reversals of trade and other receivables 
(168)
(249)
47
Current inventories are disclosed as follows:
9 Current and non-current inventories 
(€ million)
December 31, 
2024
December 31, 
2023
Raw and auxiliary materials and consumables
1,436
1,292
Components and spare parts for drilling operations, plans and equipment
1,721
1,628
Semi-finished, finished products and goods
3,092
3,260
Other
10
6
Current inventories
6,259
6,186
Raw and auxiliary materials and consumables included oil-based 
feedstock and other consumables pertaining to refining and 
chemical activities.
Components to be consumed in drilling activities and spare parts of 
the Exploration & Production segment amounted to €1,685 million 
(€1,490 million at December 31, 2023).
Semi-finished, finished products and goods included natural gas and oil 
products for €2,164 million (€2,376 million at December 31, 2023) and 
chemical products for €742 million (€666 million at December 31, 2023).
Inventories are stated net of write-down provisions of €567 million 
(€583 million at December 31, 2023). 
Non-current inventories of €1,595 million (€1,576 million at 
December 31, 2023) are held for compliance purposes and related 
to Italian subsidiaries for €1,575 million (€1,555 million at December 
31, 2023) in accordance with minimum stock requirements for oil 
and petroleum products set forth by applicable laws.
December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Receivables
Payables
Receivables
Payables
(€ million)
Current
Non-
current
Current
Non-
current
Current
Non-
current
Current
Non-
current
Income taxes
695
129
587
40
460
142
1,685
38
10 Income tax receivables and payables
Income taxes are described in note 33 - Income taxes.
The opening balance of current income tax payables included 
€455 million relating to a one-off Solidarity Contribution for 2023, 
enacted by the Italian Budget Law 2023, the payment of which has 
occurred in 2024.
Non-current income tax payables include the likely outcome of 
pending litigation with tax authorities in relation to uncertain 
tax matters relating to foreign subsidiaries of the Exploration & 
Production segment for €34 million (€33 million at December 31, 
2023).
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ANNEX

11 Other assets and liabilities
December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Assets
Liabilities
Assets
Liabilities
(€ million)
Current
Non-
current
Current
Non-
current
Current
Non-
current
Current
Non-
current
Fair value of derivative financial instruments
874
88
1,921
153
3,323
46
2,414
153
Contract liabilities
552
655
437
691
Other Taxes
850
147
1,749
48
915
137
1,811
16
Other
1,938
3,776
827
3,593
1,399
3,210
917
3,236
3,662
4,011
5,049
4,449
5,637
3,393
5,579
4,096
The fair value related to derivative financial instruments is 
disclosed in note 24 - Derivative financial instruments and hedge 
accounting.
Assets related to other taxes included VAT for €847 million, of 
which €711 million are current, and advances made in December 
(€755 million at December 31, 2023, of which €637 million current).
Other assets included: (i) tax credits current of €1,210 million (€812 
million at December 31, 2023) and non-current of €2,298 million 
(€2,247 million at December 31, 2023) deriving from Italian tax 
measures to incentivize the renovation of residential buildings and 
energy savings; (ii) an asset of €732 million recorded based on 
an agreement with an Italian operator to share past and expected 
environmental expenses incurred and fully provisioned by Eni at 
certain Italian industrial hub, under decommissioning, which were 
jointly operated in past years; (iii) gas volumes prepayments that 
were made in previous years due to the take-or-pay obligations 
in relation to the Company’s long-term supply contracts, whose 
underlying current portion Eni plans to recover within 12 months 
for € 3 million and beyond 12 months for €295 million (beyond 12 
months for €307 million at December 31, 2023); (iv) underlifting 
positions of the Exploration & Production segment of €318 million 
(€295 million at December 31, 2023); (v) non-current receivables 
from divestment activities for €144 million (€205 million at 
December 31, 2023).
Contract liabilities included: (i) advances received from Società 
Oleodotti Meridionali SpA for the infrastructure upgrade of the 
crude oil transport system from Val d’Agri to the Taranto refinery 
for €486 million (€469 million at December 31, 2023); (ii) prepaid 
electronic fuel vouchers for €331 million (€292 million at December 
31, 2023); (iii) advances received from Engie SA, relating to a long-
term agreement for supplying natural gas and electricity  for €218 
million (€275 million at December 31, 2023), of which current 
portion for €55 million (€56 million at December 31, 2023); (iv) 
advances received from customers for future gas supplies for €65 
million (€10 million at December 31, 2023). 
Revenues recognized during the year related to contract liabilities 
stated at December 31, 2024, are indicated in note 29 - Revenues 
and other income.
Liabilities related to other current taxes include excise duties and 
consumer taxes for €895 million (€1,034 million at December 31, 
2023) and VAT liabilities for €405 million (€326 million at December 
31, 2023).
Other liabilities included: (i) non-current payables to factoring 
companies connected with the derecognition of the abovementioned 
tax credit deriving from Italian tax measures to incentivize the 
renovation of residential buildings and energy savings for €2,104 
million (€2,040 million at December 31, 2023); (ii) the value of gas 
paid and undrawn by customers due to the triggering of the take-
or-pay clause provided for by the relevant long-term contracts for 
€303 million is expected to be drawn beyond the next 12 months 
(€131 million within 12 months and beyond 12 months for €260 
million at December 31, 2023); (iii) a put option recognized by 
Eni to Energy Infrastructure Partners (EIP), which acquired a 
non-controlling interest of 7.6% in Eni’s subsidiary Plenitude by 
subscribing a reserved capital increase of €588 million in March 
2024. The put option valorizes Eni’s commitment to repurchase 
at fair value enough shares of Plenitude held by EIP as required 
to pay down the financial debt incurred by EIP for the transaction. 
The book value of the put option is stated at the present value of 
Eni’s maximum financial commitment equal to €392 million with a 
corresponding reduction in the reserve for retained earnings. The 
expiry date is 2027; (iv) prepaid revenues and deferred income for 
€315 million (€343 million at December 31, 2023), of which current 
for €194 million (€134 million at December 31, 2023); (v) current 
overlifting imbalances of the Exploration & Production segment for 
€396 million (€312 million at December 31, 2023); (vi) non-current 
cautionary deposits for €265 million (€286 million at December 31, 
2023), of which €207 million from retail customers for the supply 
of gas and electricity (€213 million at December 31, 2023); (vii) 
payables related to investing activities for €96 million (€101 million 
at December 31, 2023).
Transactions with related parties are described in note 36 - 
Transactions with related parties.
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ANNEX

(€ million)
Land and 
buildings
E&P wells, plant 
and machinery
Other plant and 
machinery
E&P exploration 
assets and 
appraisal
E&P tangible 
assets in 
progress
Other tangible 
assets in 
progress and 
advances
Total
2024
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year
1,111
37,421
4,588
1,568
9,682
1,929
56,299
Additions
31
20
255
419
5,546
1,728
7,999
Depreciation capitalized
28
260
288
Depreciation(*)
(57)
(5,668)
(575)
(6,300)
Impairments
(9)
(1,705)
(371)
(669)
(382)
(3,136)
Reversals
107
92
74
30
303
Write-off
(1)
(1)
(414)
(5)
(1)
(422)
Currency translation differences
1
2,071
49
91
554
8
2,774
Initial recognition and changes in estimates 
35
6
(4)
62
(2)
97
Changes in the scope of consolidation - included entities
12
1,314
3
97
1,090
70
2,586
Changes in the scope of consolidation - excluded entities
(1)
(822)
(17)
(25)
(486)
(1,351)
Transfers
47
6,865
566
(6)
(6,859)
(613)
Other changes
7
(1,408)
(104)
(12)
2,047
197
727
Net carrying amount - end of the year
1,142
38,229
4,491
1,742
11,296
2,964
59,864
Gross carrying amount - end of the year
4,412
139,117
33,226
1,742
14,589
5,490
198,576
Provisions for depreciation and impairments
3,270
100,888
28,735
3,293
2,526
138,712
2023
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year
1,088
40,492
4,280
1,345
7,494
1,633
56,332
Additions
22
407
764
6,294
1,252
8,739
Depreciation capitalized
20
184
1
205
Depreciation(*)
(47)
(5,699)
(610)
(6,356)
Impairments
(30)
(1,164)
(366)
(226)
(390)
(2,176)
Reversals
109
42
257
36
444
Write-off
(2)
(420)
(25)
(447)
Currency translation differences
1
(1,223)
(39)
(46)
(268)
(3)
(1,578)
Initial recognition and changes in estimates 
3
698
16
17
14
748
Changes in the scope of consolidation - included entities
48
521
298
131
77
1,075
Changes in the scope of consolidation - excluded entities
(1)
(1)
Transfers
37
5,592
595
(70)
(5,522)
(632)
Other changes
(11)
(1,905)
(32)
(42)
1,349
(45)
(686)
Net carrying amount - end of the year
1,111
37,421
4,588
1,568
9,682
1,929
56,299
Gross carrying amount - end of the year
4,354
139,866
32,121
1,568
13,670
4,308
195,887
Provisions for depreciation and impairments
3,243
102,445
27,533
3,988
2,379
139,588
(*) Before capitalization of depreciation of tangible assets.
12 Property, plant and equipment
Capital expenditures included capitalized finance expenses of €220 
million (€94 million in 2023) related to the Exploration & Production 
segment for €173 million (€64 million in 2023) at an average interest 
rate of 3.5% (3.0% at December 31, 2023).
Capital expenditures primarily related to the Exploration & Production 
segment for €6,033 million (€7,108 million in 2023).
In 2024, the Group entered into supplier financing agreements to 
purchase plants and equipment mainly in the Exploration & Production 
segment, which were recognized as additions to assets and to 
financing payables in the line item “Other changes” to reflect deferred 
payments terms. The amount of purchased items under supplier 
financing agreements outstanding at year-end was €2,172 million. 
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Capital expenditures by industry segment and geographical area 
of destination are reported in note 35 - Segment information and 
information by geographical area.
Depreciation other than that of oil & gas assets, relating to biorefineries, 
petrochemical plants, thermoelectric plants, photovoltaic or wind 
Plant and equipment used in the extraction and treatment of 
hydrocarbons were depreciated according to the UOP method, 
where depreciation depends on production of the estimated proved 
reserves according to the US Securities & Exchange Commission 
“SEC” criteria (see note 1 -  Accounting standards, accounting 
estimates and significant judgements, section UOP depreciation, 
depletion and amortisation). The production plans associated 
with the existing assets gradually deplete the SEC proved reserves 
recorded at the balance sheet date, which are expected to be 
produced within about ten years.
Impairment losses of property, plant and equipment mainly related: (i) 
to oil & gas properties for €2,193 million, driven by the alignment to the 
fair value of divestment transactions closed or highly probable at oil 
properties in Alaska and Congo, and by downward reserve revisions 
at oil properties in Turkmenistan and gas fields in Italy; (ii) in the 
GGP business line (€180 million) to the Damietta liquefaction plant, 
to reflect lower expected utilization rates in future years due to lack 
of feed-gas from Egypt. In the long term, the plant has prospects of 
being used as part of the gas agreement with Cyprus and Egypt which 
provides for the export of Cypriot reserves to Europe by leveraging 
the gas treatment and liquefaction plants owned by Eni in Egypt. The 
write-down assumed a post-tax WACC of 5.8% which is recalculated 
to 9.85% pre-tax; (iii) expenditures incurred for compliance and stay-in-
business at CGUs in the Refining and traditional Chemicals segment 
were completely written-off because those CGUs were impaired in 
previous reporting periods and continued lacking any profitability 
prospects (€439 million), as well as a polyethylene plant expected 
to be shut down in connection with a worsening petrochemical 
scenario. In the two-year period 2023-2024, Eni took impairment 
charges at almost all its oil-based petrochemicals complexes, driven 
by deteriorated market fundamentals, higher energy expenses for the 
European industrial sector compared to other geographies, and rising 
competitive pressures from operators benefiting of larger scale and 
lower feedstock costs. The Company has defined a comprehensive 
plan for the transformation and industrial reconversion of the Eni’s 
chemicals sector, which will be implemented by leveraging proprietary 
power systems, and other ancillary assets are calculated on a straight-
line basis, based on their economic-technical lives.
The main depreciation rates adopted are included in the following 
ranges and have remained unchanged compared to 2023:
technologies and by developing the businesses of bioplastics and 
circular economy, which is expected to restructure the main traditional 
hubs no more competitive in the current scenario. More information 
about Eni’s impairment review and the sensitivity of the outcome to 
different commodities scenarios is reported in note 15 - Reversals 
(Impairments) of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use 
assets. Sensitivity of outcomes to decarbonization scenarios.
Currency translation differences related to subsidiaries utilizing the 
US dollar as functional currency (€2,770 million).
Initial recognition and change in estimates include the increase in the 
asset retirement cost of tangible assets in the Exploration & Production 
segment due to the increase in abandonment cost estimates, start of 
new projects, partially offset by the increase in discount rates.
Changes in the scope of consolidation related to the acquisition 
for €2,501 million of 100% of the Neptune Energy group, based in 
the United Kingdom, engaged in the exploration, development and 
production at gas-prevalent assets, located in Indonesia, Algeria, the 
United Kingdom and Netherlands.
Changes in the scope of consolidation for €1,333 million related to the 
business combination with Ithaca Energy Plc.
Other changes included the disposal of oil and gas assets in Alaska for 
€940 million and the reclassification to oil and gas assets held for sale 
in Congo for €389 million.
Transfers from E&P tangible assets in progress to E&P UOP wells, 
plant and equipment related for €6,656 million to the commissioning 
of wells, plants and machinery primarily in Ivory Coast, Congo, Italy, 
Mexico, Egypt, Iraq and United Arab Emirates.
Exploration and appraisal activities included write-offs for €414 
million of previously capitalized exploration wells pending economic 
and technical evaluation in United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Kazakhstan, 
Vietnam, Cyprus and Libya.
Exploration and appraisal activities related for €1,662 million to the 
costs of suspended exploration wells pending final determination 
of commerciality based on management’s continuing commitment 
and for €95 million to costs of exploration wells in progress at the 
end of the year. 
(%)
Buildings
2 - 10
Refining and chemical plants
3 - 17
Gas pipelines and compression stations
4 - 12
Power plants
3 - 5
Other plant and machinery
6 - 12
Industrial and commercial equipment
5 - 25
Other assets
10 - 20
311
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Changes relating to suspended wells are reported below:
Suspended wells costs pending a final investment decision 
amounted to €356 million and primarily related to initiatives in 
Indonesia, Nigeria and Netherlands. Those expenses have continued 
to remain capitalized due to firm management’s commitment at 
investing in the underlying initiatives.
The capitalized costs for suspended wells relating to fields including 
wells drilled over the last twelve months referred to six leases for 
which the evaluation of results is still in progress. The capitalized 
costs for suspended wells relating to fields for which the delineation 
campaign is in progress referred for approximately €750 million to 
twelve leases for which appraising activities and negotiations are 
ongoing to unlock the subsequent project phases; the remaining 
amounts are related to five leases for which drilling activities are 
underway or firmly planned for the near future.
Unproved mineral interests, comprised of assets in progress of 
the Exploration & Production segment, include the purchase price 
allocated to unproved reserves following business combinations or 
acquisition of individual properties. 
Unproved mineral interests were as follows:
(€ million)
Congo
Nigeria
Turkmenistan
USA
Algeria
Egypt
United Arab 
Emirates
Italy
Indonesia
Netherlands
Total
2024
Carrying amount - beginning of the year
429
924
23
215
2
475
2
89
2,159
Additions
15
709
120
844
Net (impairments) reversals
(421)
74
(5)
(352)
Reclassification to Proved Mineral Interest
(2)
(24)
(40)
(9)
(58)
(133)
Currency translation differences and other changes
8
59
4
12
28
50
161
Carrying amount - end of the year
16
981
77
187
3
445
2
848
120
2,679
2023
Carrying amount - beginning of the year
198
958
95
16
211
3
520
2
2,003
Additions
61
92
153
Net (impairments) reversals
243
(93)
8
158
Reclassification to Proved Mineral Interest
(1)
(51)
(1)
(28)
(81)
Currency translation differences and other changes
(12)
(33)
(2)
(1)
(6)
(17)
(3)
(74)
Carrying amount - end of the year
429
924
23
215
2
475
2
89
2,159
2024
2023
2022
(€ million)
(number of wells 
in Eni’s interest)
(€ million)
(number of wells 
in Eni’s interest)
(€ million)
(number of wells 
in Eni’s interest)
Costs capitalized and suspended for exploratory well activity
- within 1 year
253
4.4
417
7.9
216
5.0
- between 1 and 3 years
604
11.3
347
6.1
246
4.9
- beyond 3 years
805
18.2
627
14.5
623
13.9
1,662
33.9
1,391
28.5
1,085
23.8
Costs capitalized for suspended wells
- fields including wells drilled over the last 12 months
253
4.4
417
7.9
204
4.5
- fields for which the delineation campaign is in progress
1,053
16.1
804
14.0
579
11.3
- fields including commercial discoveries that are progressing to a FID
356
13.4
170
6.6
302
8.0
1,662
33.9
1,391
28.5
1,085
23.8
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Costs for exploratory wells suspended - beginning of the year
1,391
1,085
1,101
Increases for which is ongoing the determination of proved reserves
485
834
547
Amounts previously capitalized and expensed in the year
(362)
(388)
(374)
Reclassification to successful exploratory wells following the estimation of proved reserves
(4)
(72)
(147)
Disposals
(7)
(3)
(2)
Changes in the scope of consolidation
76
(114)
Currency translation differences
83
(40)
65
Other changes
(25)
9
Costs for exploratory wells suspended - end of the year
1,662
1,391
1,085
The following information relates to the stratification of the suspended wells pending final determination (ageing):
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
312
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Unproved mineral interests comprised the net book value of 
the Oil Prospecting License 245 property (“OPL 245”), offshore 
Nigeria, whose exploration period expired on May 11, 2021. The 
property book value included €944 million corresponding to the 
purchase price paid in 2011 to the Nigerian Government to acquire 
a 50% interest in the asset, plus the subsequent capitalized 
exploration costs and pre-development costs bringing the total 
net book value to €1,287 million. A lengthy and complex criminal 
proceeding before the Court of Milan was definitively resolved 
in favor of Eni, which related to alleged crimes of international 
corruption regarding the purchase of the license in 2011. An 
arbitration proceeding started by Eni before an ICSID tribunal 
(the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes) 
to protect the value of the investment, claiming the Company’s 
right to obtain the conversion of the license into an Oil Mining 
Lease has been put on hold as the parties have been exploring 
a possible agreement to set economic terms and conditions to 
develop the property’s reserves. The estimated value-in-use of the 
asset based on the economics under discussion confirmed the 
recoverability of the asset book value.
Accumulated provisions for impairments amounted to €22,205 
million (€22,650 million at December 31, 2023).
Property, plant and equipment includes assets subject to 
operating leases for €377 million, essentially relating to service 
stations of the Enilive business line.
As of December 31, 2024, Eni pledged property, plant and 
equipment for €24 million to guarantee payments of excise duties 
(same amount as of December 31, 2023).
Government grants recorded as a decrease of property, plant and 
equipment amounted to €88 million (€91 million at December 31, 
2023).
Contractual commitments related to the purchase of property, 
plant and equipment are disclosed in note 28 - Guarantees, 
commitments and risks - Liquidity risk.
Property, plant and equipment under concession arrangements 
are described in note 28 - Guarantees, commitments and risks.
(€ million)
Floating production 
storage and 
offloading vessels 
(FPSO)
Drilling rig
Naval facilities and 
related logistic 
bases for oil and gas 
transportation
Motorway 
concessions and 
service stations
Oil and gas 
distribution facilities
Office buildings
Vehicles
Other
Total
2024
Net carrying amount - beginning  
of the year
1,977
449
724
492
17
580
17
578
4,834
Additions
630
294
690
59
53
52
19
317
2,114
Depreciation(a)
(146)
(342)
(391)
(79)
(22)
(132)
(14)
(73)
(1,199)
Impairments
(4)
(21)
(10)
(5)
(40)
Currency translation difference
145
19
5
(1)
7
18
193
Changes in the scope of consolidation
38
5
1
(2)
42
Other changes
(39)
(19)
2
(2)
(25)
(2)
(37)
(122)
Net carrying amount - end of the year
2,606
419
1,005
452
36
487
21
796
5,822
Gross carrying amount - end of the year
3,217
1,235
2,095
873
97
1,067
57
1,049
9,690
Provisions for depreciation and impairment
611
816
1,090
421
61
580
36
253
3,868
2023
Net carrying amount - beginning  
of the year
2,142
148
682
457
19
595
42
361
4,446
Additions
14
570
402
133
19
110
14
322
1,584
Depreciation(a)
(145)
(219)
(315)
(74)
(18)
(125)
(12)
(65)
(973)
Impairments
(3)
(2)
(36)
(41)
Reversals
3
2
5
Currency translation differences
(71)
(8)
(5)
4
(2)
(7)
(89)
Changes in the scope of consolidation
3
10
13
Other changes
37
(42)
(40)
(28)
(1)
(1)
(27)
(9)
(111)
Net carrying amount - end of the year
1,977
449
724
492
17
580
17
578
4,834
Gross carrying amount - end of the year
2,409
985
1,593
822
81
1,039
47
826
7,802
Provisions for depreciation and impairment
432
536
869
330
64
459
30
248
2,968
(a) Before capitalization of depreciation of tangible and intangible assets.
13  Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities
313
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Right-of-use assets (RoU) of €5,822 million related: (i) for €4,266 
million (€3,333 million at December 31, 2023) to the Exploration & 
Production segment and mainly comprised leases of certain FPSO 
vessels hired in connection with operations at offshore development 
projects in Ghana (OCTP) and Area 1 in Mexico with an expected 
term ranging between 13 and 17 years, including a renewal option 
as well as multi-year leases of offshore drilling rigs, in relation to the 
lease component only and the rental of naval vessels for shipping 
activities; (ii) for €519 million (€565 million at December 31, 2023) 
to the Enilive business line relating to highways concessions, land 
leases, leases of service stations for the sale of oil products and the 
car fleet dedicated to the car sharing business; (iii) for €476 million 
(€515 million at December 31, 2023) to the Corporate and Other 
activities segment mainly regarding property rental contracts (real 
estate and IT).
The increase recorded in 2024 mainly referred to: (i) the Exploration & 
Production segment for €1,695 million relating to rental of production 
and storage vessels (FPSO) (€630 million) and vessels and related 
logistics equipment for Oil & Gas transport (€469 million) of which 
€353 million relating to Eni Trade & Biofuels SpA and the rental of 
drilling rigs for €294 million. Main contracts concerned assets in Ivory 
Coast, Congo and Italy; (ii) the Enilive business line for new contracts 
and extension of existing contracts relating motorway concessions, 
land leases, service station leases and the car fleet dedicated to the 
car sharing business for €91 million; (iii) the Corporate and Other 
activities segment for €75 million, mainly referred to the renewal of 
the Servizi Aerei SpA aircraft fleet for €53 million.
The main leasing contracts signed for which the asset is not yet 
available concern: (i) a contract with a nominal value of €329 million 
relating to leasing of office buildings with an expiry date of 20 years 
including an extension option of 6 years; (ii) storage capacity and 
time charter vessels rental contracts of €16 million.
Main future cash outflows potentially due not reflected in the 
measurements of lease liabilities related to options for the extension 
or termination of leases existing as of December 31, 2024 of: (i) 
ancillary assets in the upstream business for €855 million; (iii) 
service stations for the sale of oil products of €131 million; (iii) office 
buildings of €287 million. 
Liabilities for leased assets were as follows:
(€ million)
Current portion of 
long-term lease 
liabilities
Long-term lease 
liabilities
Total
2024
Carrying amount at the beginning of the year
1,128
4,208
5,336
Additions
2,109
2,109
Decreases
(1,194)
(11)
(1,205)
Currency translation differences
36
175
211
Changes in the scope of consolidation
35
15
50
Other changes
1,274
(1,322)
(48)
Carrying amount at the end of the year
1,279
5,174
6,453
2023
Carrying amount at the beginning of the year
884
4,067
4,951
Additions
1,584
1,584
Decreases
(949)
(14)
(963)
Currency translation differences
(16)
(81)
(97)
Changes in the scope of consolidation
1
12
13
Other changes
1,208
(1,360)
(152)
Carrying amount at the end of the year
1,128
4,208
5,336
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
314
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Lease liabilities related for €616 million (€480 million at December 
31, 2023) to the portion of the liabilities attributable to joint operators 
in Eni-led projects which will be recovered through the mechanism 
of the cash calls. 
Total cash outflows for leases consisted of the following: (i) cash 
payments for the principal portion of the lease liability for €1,205 
million; (ii) cash payments for the interest portion of €305 million.
Lease liabilities stated in US dollars for €4,510 million and in euro 
for €1,723 million (€3,573 million and €1,608 million at December 
31, 2023, respectively).
Other changes in right-of-use assets and lease liabilities essentially 
related to early termination or renegotiation of lease contracts.
Liabilities for leased assets with related parties are described in 
note 36 - Transactions with related parties.
The amounts recognised in the profit and loss account consist of 
the following:
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Other income and revenues
Income from remeasurement of lease liabilities
14
17
6
14
17
6
Purchases, services and other
Expense from remeasurement of lease liabilities
3
3
1
Short-term leases
81
59
113
Low-value leases
37
37
27
Variable lease payments not included in the measurement of lease liabilities
22
20
14
Capitalized direct cost associated with self-constructed assets - tangible assets
(5)
(5)
(5)
138
114
150
Depreciation, net impairments and write-off
Depreciation of RoU leased assets
1,199
973
1,013
Capitalized direct cost associated with self-constructed assets - tangible and intangible assets
(277)
(199)
(186)
Impairments of RoU leased assets
40
41
18
Reversals of RoU leased assets
(4)
(5)
(14)
Write-off of RoU leased assets
3
961
810
831
Finance income (expense) from leases
Interests on lease liabilities
(314)
(267)
(315)
Capitalized finance expense of RoU leased assets - tangible assets
17
11
8
Net currency translation differences on lease liabilities 
(36)
19
(4)
(333)
(237)
(311)
315
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(€ million)
Exploration 
rights
Industrial 
patents and 
intellectual 
property rights 
Other 
intangible 
assets with 
definite useful 
lives
Intangible 
assets with 
definite useful 
lives 
Goodwill
Other 
intangible 
assets with 
indefinite 
useful lives
Total
2024
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year
663
450
2,107
3,220
3,133
26
6,379
Additions
14
31
441
486
486
Depreciation capitalized
4
4
4
Amortization(*)
(6)
(98)
(289)
(393)
(393)
Impairments
(10)
(12)
(22)
(9)
(31)
Write-off
(153)
(2)
(155)
(155)
Changes in the scope of consolidation
73
73
36
109
Currency translation differences
31
12
43
43
Other changes
(5)
14
(24)
(15)
7
(8)
Net carrying amount - end of the year
534
397
2,310
3,241
3,167
26
6,434
Gross carrying amount - end of the year
1,197
2,166
5,190
8,553
Provisions for amortization and impairment
663
1,769
2,880
5,312
2023
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year
793
176
1,394
2,363
3,138
24
5,525
Additions
20
41
415
476
476
Amortization
(8)
(92)
(255)
(355)
(355)
Impairments
(22)
(17)
(39)
(6)
(45)
Reversals
11
11
11
Write-off
(85)
(3)
(88)
(88)
Changes in the scope of consolidation
291
461
752
25
2
779
Currency translation differences
(19)
(1)
(20)
(20)
Other changes
(27)
34
113
120
(24)
96
Net carrying amount - end of the year
663
450
2,107
3,220
3,133
26
6,379
Gross carrying amount - end of the year
1,295
2,119
4,674
8,088
Provisions for amortization and impairment
632
1,669
2,567
4,868
(*) Before capitalization of depreciation.
14 Intangible assets
Exploration rights comprised the residual book value of signature 
bonuses and acquisition costs of exploration licenses relating to areas 
with proved reserves, which are amortized based on UOP criteria and 
are regularly reviewed for impairment. 
The costs of licenses with unproved reserves are also in this 
item and are suspended pending a final determination of the 
success of the exploration activity or until management confirms 
its commitment to the initiative. Additions for the year related to 
signature bonuses paid for the acquisition of new exploration 
acreage in Ivory Coast.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
316
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Industrial patents and intellectual property rights mainly regarded 
the acquisition and internal development of software and rights for 
the use of production processes and software.
Write-offs of €153 million related to the abandonment of underlying 
initiatives.
Changes in the scope of consolidation of assets with a finite useful 
life comprised: (i) €50 million to expected synergies from the 
acquisitions of renewable assets carried out in Spain by Plenitude; (ii) 
€23 million in relation to the acquisition of a network of 21 refueling 
service stations in Spain.
Other intangible assets comprised: (i) concessions, licenses, 
Cumulative impairment charges of goodwill at the end of the year amounted to €2,692 million. 
The breakdown of goodwill by segment and business line is provided below:
trademarks and similar items for €1,154 million (€1,148 million at 
December 31, 2023), of which €898 million relating to relating to 
the Plenitude business line essentially for activities in relation to 
renewable energy sources (€879 million at December 31, 2023); (ii) 
customer acquisition costs relating to the Plenitude business line 
for €412 million (€393 million at December 31, 2023); (iii) customer 
relationship for €84 million recognized following the acquisition of 
Finproject group (€92 million at December 31, 2023).
The main amortization rates used were substantially unchanged 
from the previous year and ranged as follows:
(€ million)
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Proved licence and leasehold property acquisition costs
79
91
Unproved licence and leasehold property acquisition costs
455
572
534
663
(%)
Exploration rights  
UOP
Concessions, licenses, trademarks and similar items  
3 - 33
Industrial patents and intellectual property rights
20 - 33
Capitalized costs for customer acquisition
17 - 33
Other intangible assets
3 - 20
(€ million)
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Plenitude
2,916
2,909
Enilive
121
100
Chemical
117
112
Others
13
12
3,167
3,133
The breakdown of exploration rights by type of asset was as follows:
317
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Changes in the scope of consolidation of goodwill related to: (i) the 
acquisition of a network of service stations in Spain for €28 million; 
(ii) acquisitions in relation to retail activities of the Plenitude business 
line for €5 million.
Contributions recorded as decrease of intangible assets amounted 
to €37 million (€28 million at December 31, 2023).
Information about the allocations of goodwill deriving from business 
combinations is provided in note 5 - Business combinations and 
other significant transactions.
Goodwill acquired through business combinations has been 
allocated to the CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies 
of the acquisition.
The Plenitude business line is engaged in the retail sale of natural 
gas and electricity, in the electricity generation from renewable 
sources and in installing and managing a charging network for 
electric vehicles. Plenitude has closed several acquisitions in past 
reporting years leading to the recognition of significant amounts of 
goodwill in each of those activities. 
Goodwill allocated to the activity of the retail sale of natural gas and 
electricity amounted to €1,220 million and to test its recoverability 
has been allocated to a single CGU encompassing all European 
retail markets where Plenitude is operating considering the 
significant cross-market synergies and geographic integration. The 
impairment review performed at the balance sheet date confirmed 
the recoverability of the carrying amount of this CGU comprising the 
book value of the allocated goodwill. 
The impairment review of the CGU Retail including goodwill, was 
performed by comparing the carrying amount to the value in use 
of the CGU, which was estimated based on the cash flows of the 
four-year plan approved by management and on a terminal value 
calculated as the perpetuity of the cash flow of the last year of 
the plan by assuming a nominal long-term growth rate equal to 
zero, unchanged from the previous year. These cash flows were 
discounted by using the post-tax WACCs of the retail business in 
each country of operation, with post-tax values in a range of 4.4 % - 
4.7%, corresponding to 5.6% - 6.4% pre-tax. There are no reasonable 
assumptions of changes in the discount rate, growth rate, profitability 
or volumes that would lead to zeroing the headroom amounting to 
about €6 billion of the value in use of the CGU Retail with respect to 
its book value, including the allocated goodwill.
The renewable business of Plenitude included a goodwill of €978 
million related to the business combinations made in Italy and in 
other European markets where operations are being developed 
(Spain, France, Greece). The recoverability of goodwill was 
tested by allocating the goodwill book value to all the CGUs in 
the activity of renewable generation and then by comparing the 
carrying amounts of those CGUs including goodwill to their value-
in-use. The projected cash flows were estimated based on the 
financial projections of the four-year industrial plan approved 
by the management and the subsequent cash flows associated 
with the useful lives of the plants by using normalized cash 
flows. The assessment of the CGU recoverability has been made 
based on management’s forecast of long-term wholesale prices 
of electricity, differentiated for each geographic area; for Italy it 
has been assumed a wholesale price of about €120/kwh in the 
four-year plan and a range of €100-110 for long-term prices. 
Cash flows have been discounted at sector and country-specific 
post-tax WACCs, which were comprised in a range of 5.2% - 8.8%, 
corresponding to 6.7% - 11% pre-tax. This test has confirmed 
the recoverability of the book values of the complex of plants 
generating renewable electricity, including the allocated goodwill. 
The headroom of €352 million is reduced to zero in case of a 0.8 
percentage point increase in the WACC, or a reduction in power 
prices of approximately 8%.
Goodwill of the electric mobility business of Plenitude of €718 
million was recognized in connection with the acquisition in 2021 
of the entire share capital of Be Power SpA, which engages in 
building and managing a network of charging infrastructures for 
electric mobility. This goodwill was tested for recoverability by 
estimating the value-in-use of the network based on ten-years cash 
flow projections and a terminal value incorporating a normalized 
cash flow projection of the last year, using a nominal growth rate 
risked with respect to the projections on the development of the 
electric vehicle market provided by primary info-providers. The cash 
flows were discounted at a post-tax WACC of 12%, corresponding 
to 14.2% pre-tax. This test confirmed the recoverability of the 
allocated book values including the allocated goodwill and showed 
a headroom of about €384 million which would go to zero by 
assuming a 1.7% increase in the post-tax WACC or a substantial 
zeroing in the perpetuity growth rate.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
318
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

The recoverability test of carrying amounts of oil & gas cash 
generating units (CGUs) is the most important of the critical 
accounting estimates in the preparation of Eni’s consolidated 
financial statements. This owes to the relative weight of the invested 
capital in the sector on total consolidated assets.
Future expected cash flows associated with the use of oil & gas assets 
are based on management’s judgment and subjective assumptions 
about highly uncertain matters like future hydrocarbons prices, assets’ 
useful lives, projections of future operating and capital expenditures, 
the volumes of reserves that will ultimately be recovered and costs 
of decommissioning oil & gas assets at the end of their useful lives. 
Furthermore, the recoverability of carrying amounts is still pending 
on the management’s commitment at allocating funds to continue 
reserves development, and hence is subject to possible changes to 
capital allocation priorities. The hydrocarbon prices are forecasted 
based on management’s expectations about future trends in 
demands and supplies of hydrocarbons in the long-term, which 
incorporate assumptions on several scenario variables, including the 
rate of macroeconomic growth, evolution in consumers’ preferences, 
changes in governments’ regulatory and political framework in 
response to climate change and preservation of the ecosystem, the 
pace of the energy transition, the role of technologies, and finally 
production plans of public oil & gas companies and production 
policies of the OPEC+ alliance. Eni’s forecast prices are constantly 
benchmarked against the market view of investment banks and 
energy consultants.
Below are the main price assumptions for assessing the recoverability 
of oil & gas assets, stated in 2023 real terms for comparability with 
the IEA scenario:
15 Reversals (Impairments) of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets. 
Sensitivity of outcomes to decarbonization scenarios
Nominal 
values
Values in real terms 2023
2025
2025
2028
2030
2040
2050
Brent $/bbl
75
65
68
69
59
49
TTF natural gas price $mmBtu
13
10
9
7
6.6
6.3
This scenario does not differ significantly from the one adopted in 
the previous reporting year. Actual hydrocarbons prices utilized in the 
calculation of future revenues of oil & gas assets in the impairment 
review are derived from the main market benchmarks by applying 
specific price differentials estimated by the management to consider 
factors like crude qualities, different indexation mechanisms and 
regional price trends.
The discount rate of the future cash flows of the CGUs was estimated 
as the weighted average cost of equity (Ke) and net borrowings, 
based on the Capital Asset Pricing Model methodology. The cost 
of equity considers both a premium for the non-diversifiable market 
risk measured on the basis of the long-term returns of the S&P500, 
and an additional premium that considers exposure to operational 
risks of the countries of activity and the risks of the energy transition. 
For 2024, a Group cost of capital (“WACC”) of approximately 6% 
was estimated and was slightly lower than in 2023 due to a lower 
market risk premium and reduced yields on risk-free assets. The 
Group WACC is adjusted to account for the specific operational 
risks of each geography against the average portfolio, where oil & 
gas activities are conducted, by adding a corrective factor (WACC 
adjusted on a country-by-country basis). 
The impairment test was performed at all the Group’s oil & gas CGUs 
based on the price scenario of management and the country WACCs, 
substantially confirming the carrying amounts of the properties, with 
the exception of certain oil assets in Congo and Alaska that were 
aligned to their lower fair values (€1,077 million and €803 million, 
respectively) as part of a portfolio review which resulted in a reduced 
management’s commitment at continuing development at long-lived 
assets which were put on sale and in a refocusing on core projects 
in line with the Group financial framework of capital discipline. Other 
minor impairment charges were recognized at assets in Italy and 
Turkmenistan (€213 million and €88 million, respectively) due to 
reserves revisions.
The value in use (VIU) of the oil & gas CGUs under the management’s 
scenario assumptions displayed a headroom (difference between VIU 
and book values) of approximately 68% of the assets’ carrying amounts, 
also discounting the expected expenses associated with the purchase 
319
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CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Value in use of the O&G CGUs
Headroom vs Carrying amounts
Possible impacts 
on the profit  
and loss account
Assumption at 2050 in real terms USD 2023
Tax-deductible CO2 charges
€ billion
Brent 
price
European  
gas price
Cost of CO2
Eni's scenario
68%
49 $/bbl
6.3 $/mmBTU
CO2 costs projections in the EU/ETS 
+ projections of forestry costs
10% haircut of Eni’s prices assumptions
51%
(0.8)
CO2 costs projections in the EU/ETS 
+ projections of forestry costs
Eni’s scenario with +1% increase in WACC
60%
(0.1)
CO2 costs projections in the EU/ETS 
+ projections of forestry costs
IEA NZE 2050 scenario
10%
(6.2)
25 $/bbl
4 $/mmBTU
250-180$ per tonne of CO2
*
(*) Range of values depending on advanced or emerging economies with or without net zero commitments. For low-income economies a lower cost is expected.
of carbon credits as part of the Company’s strategy to decarbonize its 
oil & gas operations also through nature-based solutions of carbon 
offsets. Those sensitivity analyses included assets of all consolidated 
entities, joint ventures and associates, excluding Vår Energi ASA, Azule 
Energy Holdings Ltd and Ithaca Energy Plc. Considering the subjectivity 
of the assumptions underlying the estimate of the VIU, management 
has stress-tested its base case by applying the following sensitivity 
analyses to the assumptions underlying the oil & gas CGUs values-
in-use of the base case: (i) a linear cut of -10% to hydrocarbon prices 
in all the years of the cash flow projections; (ii) a one-percentage 
point increase in the risk-adjusted WACCs applied in each country of 
operations; (iii) the projections of hydrocarbon prices and CO2 costs 
of the decarbonization scenario Net Zero Emission 2050 (NZE 2050) 
elaborated by IEA with forecast prices from 2030 onwards, which have 
been integrated by the pricing assumptions of the management’s 
four-year 2025-2028 industrial plan and linear interpolation of prices 
till 2030. 
The values-in-use of oil & gas assets estimated under the different 
stress-test scenarios exhibit in their entirety a headroom over 
the assets book values; however, it is possible the incurrence of 
impairment losses as shown in the table below.
The results of those sensitivity tests expressed in terms of 
cumulated headroom of the oil & gas CGUs over their corresponding 
book values and potential pre-tax income statement impacts are as 
follows:
These sensitivities do not consider possible actions to mitigate a 
changed price environment, such as rescheduling and/or cancellation 
of planned development activities, contractual renegotiations, costs 
efficiencies or actions aimed at accelerating the pay-back period.
Sensitivity was not applied to Chemicals and Gas power generation 
business lines considering the immateriality of the residual book 
values of property, plant and equipment (€547 million and €862 
million, respectively) and of economic-technical lives, while no 
impact can be associated for refineries considering that their book 
values are zero. Assets in the biorefinery business with a book 
value of €876 million have not been stress-tested because they are 
unaffected by transition risks.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

2024
2023
(€ million)
Investments in 
unconsolidated 
entities 
controlled by Eni
Joint ventures
Associates
Total
Investments in 
unconsolidated 
entities 
controlled by Eni
Joint ventures
Associates
Total
Carrying amount - beginning of the year
53
8,250
4,327
12,630
50
7,065
4,977
12,092
Additions and subscriptions
35
450
242
727
3
1,024
186
1,213
Divestments and reimbursements 
(2)
(291)
(33)
(326)
Share of profit of equity-accounted investments
5
795
402
1,202
4
818
800
1,622
Share of loss of equity-accounted investments
(12)
(123)
(181)
(316)
(3)
(149)
(129)
(281)
Deduction for dividends 
(3)
(655)
(1,094)
(1,752)
(1)
(939)
(1,060)
(2,000)
Changes in the scope of consolidation
8
635
7
650
3
13
(227)
(211)
Currency translation differences
461
206
667
(2)
(244)
(166)
(412)
Other changes
(2)
(73)
743
668
(1)
662
(54)
607
Carrying amount - end of the year
82
9,449
4,619
14,150
53
8,250
4,327
12,630
16 Investments
EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS
Acquisitions and share capital increases mainly related: (i) for €212 
million to the acquisition of shareholding in companies engaged 
in the renewable activity by the Plenitude business line, including 
2023 Sol IX Llc (Eni’s interest 73.59%) and 2022 Sol VII Llc (Eni’s 
interest 75.26%), operating in the United States, with an installed 
capacity of 0.38 GW in Plenitude share; (ii) for €160 million to the 
capital increase of QatarEnergy LNG NFE (5) (Eni’s interest 25%) 
which participates with a 12.5% stake in the North Field East (NFE) 
project, ensuring Eni a 3.125% stake in the Qatar megaproject for 
the development of LNG; (iii) for €90 million to the capital increase 
of Vårgrønn AS, the joint venture (Eni’s interest 65%) which owns 
the 20% stake in the Doggerbank A, B and C offshore wind projects 
in the United Kingdom; (iv) for €69 million to the subscription 
of Mangistau Power BV (Eni’s interest 51%) and of Mangistau 
Renewables BV (Eni’s interest 51%); (v) for €64 million to the 
subscription of equity investments by Enilive SpA in joint ventures 
with local operators, which are building biorefinery plants in South 
Korea (LG-Eni BioRefining Co Ltd - Eni’s interest 49%) and in 
Malaysia (Pengerang Biorefinery Sdn Bhd - Eni’s interest 47.5%); (vi) 
for €34 million to the capital increase of Lotte Versalis Elastomers 
Co Ltd (Eni’s interest 50%).
Divestments and reimbursements related: (i) for €227 million to the 
sale of approximately 10% of the share capital of Saipem SpA which 
took place through an accelerated bookbuilding process aimed at 
institutional investors; (ii) for €64 million to the capital reimbursement 
by E&E Algeria Touat BV.
Share of profit from equity-accounted investments essentially 
referred to: (i) Azule Energy Holdings Ltd for €602 million; (ii) Vår 
Energi ASA for €259 million; (iii) ADNOC Global Trading Ltd for €113 
million; (iv) Saipem SpA for €75 million; (v) SeaCorridor Srl for €45 
million; (vi) E&E Algeria Touat BV for €40 million.
Share of loss from equity-accounted investments essentially 
referred to: (i) St. Bernard Renewables Llc for €45 million; (ii) 
Vårgrønn AS for €37 million; (iii) Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Company 
(TAKREER) for €32 million.
 
Reduction for dividends related to: (i) Vår Energi ASA for €627 million; 
(ii) Azule Energy Holdings Ltd for €427 million; (iii) Abu Dhabi Oil 
Refining Company (TAKREER) for €269 million; (iv) Cardón IV SA 
for €106 million; (v) ADNOC Global Trading Ltd for €102 million; (vi) 
SeaCorridor Srl for €95 million; (vii) Ithaca Energy Plc for €69 million.
Changes in the scope of consolidation referred for €632 million to 
the acquisition of control of Neptune Energy group through the joint 
venture E&E Algeria Touat BV (Eni’s interest 54%). 
Other changes included the initial recognition of the fair value of the 
associate Ithaca Energy Plc (Eni’s interest 37.17%) for €788 million, 
described in note 5 - Business combinations and other significant 
transactions.
321
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(€ million)
Net carrying 
amount
% of the 
investment
Net carrying amount
% of the 
investment
Investments in unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni
Other
82
53
82
53
Joint ventures
Azule Energy Holdings Ltd 
5,211
50.00
4,750
50.00
St. Bernard Renewables Llc
806
50.00
829
50.00
E&E Algeria Touat BV
646
54.00
Saipem SpA
528
21.61
722
31.20
SeaCorridor Srl
485
50.10
530
50.10
Vårgrønn AS
406
65.00
336
65.00
Mozambique Rovuma Venture SpA
382
35.71
343
35.71
Cardón IV SA
351
50.00
443
50.00
2023 Sol IX Llc
149
73.59
GreenIT SpA
111
51.00
92
51.00
Lotte Versalis Elastomers Co Ltd
61
50.00
43
50.00
2022 Sol VII Llc
61
75.26
Mangistau Power BV
51
51.00
Hergo Renewables SpA
33
65.00
32
65.00
LabAnalysis Environmental Scienze Srl
26
30.00
25
30.00
Mangistau Renewables BV
21
51.00
Società Oleodotti Meridionali SOM SpA
18
70.00
21
70.00
Other
103
84
9,449
8,250
Associates
Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Company (TAKREER)
2,275
20.00
2,434
20.00
Ithaca Energy Plc 
725
37.17
QatarEnergy LNG NFE (5)
633
25.00
439
25.00
Coral FLNG SA
231
25.00
239
25.00
ADNOC Global Trading Ltd
165
20.00
145
20.00
United Gas Derivatives Co
79
33.33
81
33.33
Novis Renewables Holdings Llc
74
49.00
70
49.00
Bluebell Solar Class A Holdings II Llc
72
99.00
70
99.00
LG-Eni BioRefining Co Ltd
56
49.00
Vår Energi ASA
63.04
447
63.04
Other
309
402
4,619
4,327
14,150
12,630
Net carrying amounts related to the following companies:
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
322
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

The carrying amount of Vår Energi ASA is equal to zero in relation to the 
application of the equity method of accounting which includes, among 
others, the recognition of distributed dividends.
The results of equity-accounted investments by segment are disclosed 
As of December 31, 2024, the market capitalization of Saipem shares 
exceeded the book value of the investment; therefore, there was no 
indication of impairment from the point of view of the investor. The 
carrying amount was aligned with the corresponding share of the 
investee’s net equity book value, less the fraction of the investee net 
assets corresponding to the equity component of a convertible bond.
The fair value of the main non-controlling interests in non-listed 
investees on regulated markets, classified within level 3 of the 
fair value hierarchy, was estimated based on a methodology that 
combines future expected earnings and the sum-of-the-parts 
methodology (so-called residual income approach) and takes into 
account, inter alia, the following inputs: (i) expected net profits, as 
a gauge of the future profitability of the investees, derived from 
the business plans, but adjusted, where appropriate, to include the 
assumptions that market participants would incorporate; (ii) the 
Saipem SpA
Vår Energi ASA
Ithaca Energy Plc
Number of ordinary shares held
422,920,192
1,573,713,749
614,678,516
% of the investment
21.61
63.04
37.17
Share price (€)
2.509
2.994
1.331
Market value (€ million)
1,061
4,712
818
Book value (€ million)
528
725
Market value vs Book value (€ million)
533
4,712
93
in note 35 - Segment information and information by geographical area.
As of December 31, 2024, the book and market values of Saipem SpA, Vår 
Energi ASA and Ithaca Energy Plc, listed equity-accounted companies, 
respectively, were as follows:
The book value of St. Bernard Renewables Llc includes the recognition 
of goodwill of €19 million as confirmed by the final allocation of the 
purchase price.
Additional information is included in note 37 - Other information 
about investments.
cost of capital, adjusted to include the risk premium of the specific 
country (7.4%) in which each investee operates. A stress test based 
on a 1% change in the cost of capital considered in the valuation did 
not produce significant changes at the fair value valuation.
Dividend income from these investments is disclosed in note 32 - 
Income (expense) from investments.
The investment book value as of December 31, 2024, primarily 
related to Nigeria LNG Ltd for €690 million (€642 million at 
December 31, 2023), Saudi European Petrochemical Co “IBN ZAHR” 
(€ million)
2024
2023
Carrying amount - beginning of the year
1,256
1,202
Additions and subscriptions
71
102
Change in the fair value with effect to OCI
62
45
Currency translation differences
56
(28)
Other changes
(50)
(65)
Carrying amount - end of the year
1,395
1,256
Other investments
323
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Financing receivables held for operating purposes primarily related 
to funds provided to joint ventures and associates in the Exploration 
& Production segment (€994 million) to execute capital projects 
of interest to Eni. These receivables are long-term interests in the 
initiatives funded. The main amounts were towards Coral FLNG SA 
(Eni’s interest 25%) for €522 million (€453 million at December 31, 
2023), operating a floating gas liquefaction plant in Area 4, offshore 
Mozambique.
Financing receivables held for operating purposes due beyond five 
years amounted to €214 million (€149 million at December 31, 2023).
The fair value of non-current financing receivables held for 
operating purposes of €1,044 million has been estimated based on 
the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at rates 
ranging from 1.7% to 4.8% (1.9% and 5.2% at December 31, 2023). 
The recoverability of other long-term financial assets was assessed 
by considering the expected probability of default in the next 
twelve months only, as the creditworthiness suffered no significant 
deterioration in the reporting period.
Changes in allowance for doubtful accounts were as follows:
Financing receivables held for non-operating purposes related to: (i) 
the joint venture Mozambique Rovuma Venture SpA (Eni’s interest 
35.71%) for €1,769 million (€1,339 million at December 31, 2023) 
engaged in the production and development of the natural gas 
reserves discovered in Area 4 offshore Mozambique which from 
January 1, 2024 was reclassified from financing receivables held for 
operating purposes to financing receivables, considering the only 
exposure to the counterparty financial risk; (ii) restricted deposits in 
escrow to guarantee transactions on derivative contracts for €937 
million (€712 million at December 31, 2023), referred to the Global 
Gas & LNG Portfolio business line for €907 million (€677 million at 
December 31, 2023).
Financing receivables were denominated in US dollar for €3,351 
million and in euro for €855 million (€2,503 million and €630 million 
at December 31, 2023, respectively).
Securities for €11 million (€19 million at December 31, 2023) were 
pledged as guarantee of the deposit for gas cylinders as provided for 
by the Italian law.
17 Other financial assets
December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(€ million)
Current
Non-current
Current
Non-current
Long-term financing receivables held for operating purposes
1
1,044
34
2,240
Short-term financing receivables held for operating purposes
7
1
1,044
41
2,240
Long-term financing receivables
44
2,109
Short-term financing receivables
1,040
855
1,084
2,109
855
1,085
3,153
896
2,240
Securities held for operating purposes
62
61
1,085
3,215
896
2,301
(€ million)
2024
2023
Carrying amount at the beginning of the year
383
391
Additions
26
15
Deductions
(3)
(9)
Currency translation differences
24
(13)
Other changes
(3)
(1)
Carrying amount at the end of the year
427
383
for €127 million (€121 million at December 31, 2023) and Darwin 
LNG Pty Ltd for €96 million (€78 million at December 31, 2023).
Investments in subsidiaries, joint arrangements and associates 
are presented separately in the annex “List of companies owned 
by Eni SpA as of December 31, 2024”. This annex includes also the 
changes in the scope of consolidation.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
324
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Amortized cost 
(€ million)
Nominal 
value 
(€ million)
Fair Value 
(€ million)
Nominal rate 
of return (%)
Maturity 
date
Rating - 
Moody’s
Rating - 
S&P
Sovereign states 
Fixed rate bonds
Italy
11
12
11
from 0 to 2.65
from 2025 to 2031
Baa3
BBB
Others(*)
33
33
33
from 0.01 to 5.0
from 2025 to 2029 from Aa1 to Baa2 from AA+ to BBB-
Floating rate bonds
Italy
15
15
15
from 3.56 to 4.01
from 2025 to 2029
Baa3
BBB
Total sovereign states 
59
60
59
Other financial institutions
European Bank of Investments
3
3
3
3.75
from 2025 to 2026
Aaa
AAA
Total
62
63
62
(*) Amounts included herein are lower than €10 million.
Securities having maturity within five years amounted to €57 million.
The fair value of securities was derived from quoted market prices.
Receivables with related parties are described in note 36 - Transactions with related parties.
The following table analyses securities per issuing entity:
325
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

18 Trade and other payables
(€ million)
December 31, 
2024
December 31, 
2023
Trade payables
15,170
14,231
Down payments and advances from joint ventures in exploration & production activities
767
717
Payables for purchase of non-current assets
1,939
2,335
Payables due to partners in exploration & production activities
1,377
1,215
Other payables
2,839
2,156
22,092
20,654
The increase in trade payables of €939 million referred to Global Gas 
& LNG Portfolio and Power segment for €830 million.
Other payables included: (i) payables to factoring companies in 
relation to the derecognition of Eni’s tax credits for €1,129 million 
(€728 million at December 31, 2023); (ii) payroll payables for €268 
million (€287 million at December 31, 2023); (iii) the amounts still 
due to the triggering of the take-or-pay clause of the long-term 
supply contracts for €199 million (€187 million at December 31, 
2023); (iv) payables for social security contributions for €120 million 
(€110 million at December 31, 2023).
Trade and other payables were denominated in euro for €11,487 
million and in US dollar for €10,047 million (€10,200 million and 
€10,421 million at December 31, 2023, respectively).
Because of the short-term maturity and conditions of remuneration 
of trade payables, the fair values approximated the carrying amounts.
Trade and other payables due to related parties are described in note 
36 - Transactions with related parties.
Finance debt increased by €1,661 million as disclosed in table 
“Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities” detailed at the 
end of this paragraph. 
As of December 31, 2024, finance debt included €300 million (€701 
million at December 31, 2023) of sustainability-linked financial 
contracts with leading banking institutions which provide for an 
adjustment mechanism of the funding cost linked to the achievement 
of certain sustainability targets, which are disclosed in the comment 
of ordinary bonds.
Other financial institutions included supplier finance arrangements 
(SFAs) as follows:
19 Finance debt
December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(€ million)
Short-term 
debt
Current 
portion of 
long-term 
debt
Long-term
debt
Total
Short-term 
debt
Current 
portion of 
long-term 
debt
Long-term
debt
Total
Banks
2,941
269
921
4,131
2,810
600
1,116
4,526
Ordinary bonds
2,695
19,641
22,336
1,956
19,535
21,491
Sustainability-linked convertible bonds
9
928
937
9
917
926
Other financial institutions
1,297
1,609
80
2,986
1,282
356
148
1,786
4,238
4,582
21,570
30,390
4,092
2,921
21,716
28,729
Long-term SFAs
Current portion of 
long-term debt SFAs
Short-term SFAs
Total
Carrying amount at December 31, 2023
92
355
538
985
Cash flows
 
(412)
(432)
(844)
Non-monetary increases
451
1,013
775
2,239
Currency translation differences
2
67
25
94
Other non-monetary changes
(519)
581
32
94
Carrying amount at December 31, 2024
26
1,604
938
2,568
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
326
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

The payment terms for financial liabilities falling within the scope of 
the SFAs range between 145 and 410 days, compared to the terms 
of other comparable commercial debt not falling within the scope of 
the agreement which are between 30 and 60 days. Eni formally has 
no information on the timing of the settlement made by the bank to 
the suppliers. The main transactions falling within the scope of the 
SFA agreements mainly concern: (i) within the Congo project, the 
construction of the floating LNG production vessel Nguya, which will 
increase the liquefaction capacity of the project up to 3 MTPA from the 
current 0.6 MTPA; (ii) the advancement of the Baleine Phase II project 
offshore Côte d’Ivoire; (iii) production facilities offshore Mexico (Area 1).
Eni entered into long-term borrowing facilities with the European 
Investment Bank. These borrowing facilities are subject to the retention 
of a minimum level of credit rating. According to the agreements, 
should the Company lose the minimum credit rating, new guarantees 
could be required to be agreed upon with the European Investment 
Bank. As of December 31, 2024, debts subjected to restrictive 
covenants amounted to €613 million (€732 million at December 31, 
2023). Eni was in compliance with those covenants.
Eni has in place a program for the issuance of Euro Medium Term 
Notes up to €20 billion, of which €15.3 billion were drawn as of 
December 31, 2024.
The following table provides a breakdown of ordinary bonds by issuing 
entity, maturity date, interest rate and currency as of December 31, 2024:
Amount
Discount on 
bond issue 
and accrued 
expense
Total
Currency
Maturity
Rate %
(€ million)
Issuing entity
Euro Medium Term Notes
Eni SpA
1,250
23
1,273
EUR
2033
4.250
Eni SpA
1,200
14
1,214
EUR
2025
3.750
Eni SpA
1,000
60
1,060
EUR
2029
3.625
Eni SpA
1,000
26
1,026
EUR
2034
3.875
Eni SpA
1,000
13
1,013
EUR
2026
1.500
Eni SpA
1,000
11
1,011
EUR
2031
2.000
Eni SpA
1,000
5
1,005
EUR
2026
1.250
Eni SpA
1,000
4
1,004
EUR
2030
0.625
Eni SpA
800
4
804
EUR
2028
1.625
Eni SpA
750
9
759
EUR
2027
1.500
Eni SpA
750
(3)
747
EUR
2034
1.000
Eni SpA
722
9
731
USD
2027
variable
Eni SpA
650
5
655
EUR
2025
1.000
Eni SpA
600
(1)
599
EUR
2028
1.125
Eni SpA
500
4
504
EUR
2025
1.275
Eni SpA
100
4
104
EUR
2028
5.441
Eni SpA
75
1
76
EUR
2043
3.875
Eni SpA
70
1
71
EUR
2032
4.000
Eni SpA
50
1
51
EUR
2031
4.800
Eni SpA - Sustainability-linked
1,000
1,000
EUR
2028
0.375
Eni SpA - Sustainability-linked
750
15
765
EUR
2027
3.625
15,267
205
15,472
Other bonds
Eni SpA
1,202
(20)
1,182
USD
2054
5.950
Eni SpA
962
8
970
USD
2028
4.750
Eni SpA
962
2
964
USD
2029
4.250
Eni SpA
962
(3)
959
USD
2034
5.500
Eni SpA
337
1
338
USD
2040
5.700
Eni USA Inc
385
2
387
USD
2027
7.300
Eni SpA - Sustainability-linked - Retail
2,000
64
2,064
EUR
2028
4.300
6,810
54
6,864
22,077
259
22,336
327
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Short term 
debt 
(€ million)
Weighted 
average 
rate (%)
Long term 
debt and 
current 
portion of 
long-term 
debt 
(€ million)
Weighted 
average 
rate (%)
Passività 
finanziarie 
a breve 
termine 
(€ milion)
Weighted 
average rate 
(%)
Long term 
debt and 
current 
portion of 
long-term 
debt 
(€ mililon)
Weighted 
average rate 
(%)
Euro
3,518
3.0
19,547
2.5
3,469
3.3
20,293
2.4
US dollar
707
4.8
6,603
5.3
614
5.5
4,342
5.9
Other currencies
13
2.2
2
2.7
9
2.5
2
5.9
4,238
26,152
4,092
24,637
As of December 31, 2024, Eni SpA had in place a sustainability-
linked senior unsecured convertible bond with an aggregate 
nominal amount of €1,000 million. The bonds will be convertible 
into Eni existing ordinary shares bought under the share buyback 
program approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting held on May 10, 
2023. The bonds will mature in 7 years. The conversion price is 
€17.5513.
Sustainability-linked bonds and sustainability-linked convertible 
bonds are indexed to the achievement of sustainability targets 
related to the Net Carbon Footprint of the Upstream (Scope 1 and 
2) and renewable energy installed capacity. In case the Company 
fails to reach each of the agreed targets, a step-up adjustment to 
the interest rates of the underlying financing is due to be applied.
The following table provides a breakdown by currency of finance 
debt and the related weighted average interest rates:
Eni retained committed borrowing facilities of €9,001 million (€9,120 million at December 31, 2023, of which €9,050 undrawn). Those facilities 
bore interest rates reflecting prevailing conditions in the marketplace. 
As of December 31, 2024, Eni was in compliance with covenants and other contractual provisions in relation to borrowing facilities.
During 2024, new ordinary bonds in euro were issued by Eni SpA for a 
nominal value of €3,164 million.
As of December 31, 2024, Eni SpA had in place sustainability-linked 
bonds for a total nominal value of €3,750 million. In case the Company 
misses those targets, a step-up mechanism will be applied, increasing 
the interest cost.
As of December 31, 2024, ordinary bonds maturing within 18 months 
amounted to €4,350 million.
(€ million)
Amount
Discount on 
bond issue 
and accrued 
expense
Total
Currency
Maturity
Rate 
(%)
Issuing entity
Eni SpA - Convertible senior unsecured sustainability-linked bonds
1,000
16
1,016
EUR
2030
2.950
of which financial liabilities
920
17
937
of which equity
80
(1)
79
Information relating to the senior unsecured sustainability-linked convertible bonds is as follows:
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
328
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Fair value of finance debts was calculated by discounting the expected future cash flows at discount rates ranging from 1.7% to 4.8% (1.9% 
and 5.2% at December 31, 2023).
Because of the short-term maturity and conditions of remuneration of short-term debt, the fair value approximated the carrying amount.
(€ million)
Long-term debt and 
current portion of long-
term debt
Short-term debt 
Long-term and current 
portion of long-term lease 
liabilities
Total
2024
Carrying amount - beginning of the year
24,637
4,092
5,336
34,065
Cash flows
(1,232)
(61)
(1,205)
(2,498)
Currency translation differences
232
(303)
247
176
Changes in the scope of consolidation
855
12
50
917
Other non-monetary changes
1,660
498
2,025
4,183
Carrying amount - end of the year
26,152
4,238
6,453
36,843
2023
Carrying amount - beginning of the year
22,471
4,446
4,951
31,868
Cash flows
1,810
(1,495)
(963)
(648)
Currency translation differences
(144)
182
(116)
(78)
Changes in the scope of consolidation
38
352
13
403
Other non-monetary changes
462
607
1,451
2,520
Carrying amount - end of the year
24,637
4,092
5,336
34,065
CHANGES IN LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Changes in the scope of consolidation related to the acquisition of 
100% of the Neptune Energy group by the Exploration & Production 
segment for €895 million, the acquisitions made within the 
renewable activities of Plenitude for €61 million and the acquisition 
of the Atenoil companies by the Enilive business line for €10 million. 
Other non-monetary changes include lease liabilities assumptions 
for €2,109 million and €2,239 million of trade payables on which 
payment term extensions have been negotiated, resulting in the 
classification of the debt as financial. 
Lease liabilities are described in note 13 - Right-of-use assets and 
lease liabilities.
Transactions with related parties are described in note 36 - 
Transactions with related parties.
(€ million)
December 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Ordinary bonds and sustainability-linked bonds
21,026
21,025
Convertible sustainability-linked bonds
973
1,061
Banks
1,143
1,652
Other financial institutions
1,689
505
24,831
24,243
Fair value of long-term debt, including the current portion of long-term debt is described below:
329
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(€ million)
Provisions for 
site restoration, 
abandonment and 
social projects
Environmental 
provisions
Provisions for 
litigations
Provisions for taxes 
other than income 
taxes
Loss adjustments and 
actuarial provisions 
for Eni’s insurance 
companies
Provisions for losses 
on investments
Provisions for OIL 
insurance coverage
Other
Total
Carrying amount at December 31, 2023
9,470
3,613
681
183
245
208
105
1,028
15,533
New or increased provisions
481
929
100
27
87
24
2
264
1,914
Initial recognition and changes in estimates
97
97
Accretion discount 
312
(51)
261
Reversal of utilized provisions 
(814)
(636)
(18)
(46)
(114)
(138)
(1,766)
Reversal of unutilized provisions 
(181)
(81)
(60)
(27)
(4)
(22)
(100)
(475)
Currency translation differences
312
2
19
6
3
1
9
352
Change in scope of consolidation
249
1
4
8
262
Other changes
(214)
(76)
(129)
11
11
3
(10)
(404)
Carrying amount at December 31, 2024
9,712
3,700
594
158
229
234
86
1,061
15,774
Net borrowings did not include €2,109 million of non-current 
financing receivables.
Cash and cash equivalents include €54 million (€205 million at 
December 31, 2023) subject to foreclosure measures and payment 
guarantees.
Other current financial assets include: (i) financial assets at fair value 
through profit or loss, disclosed in note 7 - Financial assets at fair 
value through profit or loss; (ii) financing receivables, disclosed in 
note 17 - Other financial assets.
Current and non-current debts are disclosed in note 19 - Finance 
debts.
Debt instruments included €42 million of positive fair value hedge 
derivative contracts entered to hedge fixed rate bonds.
Current portion of non-current financial debt and non-current 
financial debt include lease liabilities of €1,279 million and €5,174 
million (€1,128 million and €4,208 million at December 31, 2023, 
respectively). More information on lease liabilities is reported in note 
13 - Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.
21 Provisions
(€ million)
December 31, 
2024
December 31, 
2023
A.
Cash
3,367
3,731
B.
Cash equivalents
4,816
6,462
C.
Other current financial assets
7,881
7,637
D.
Liquidity (A+B+C)
16,064
17,830
E.
Current financial debt
6,942
6,057
F.
Current portion of non-current financial debt
3,157
2,084
G. Current financial indebtedness (E+F)
10,099
8,141
H. Net current financial indebtedness (G-D)
(5,965)
(9,689)
I.
Non-current financial debt
6,175
5,472
J.
Debt instruments
20,527
20,452
K.
Non‐current trade and other payables
L.
Non-current financial indebtedness (I+J+K)
26,702
25,924
M. Total financial indebtedness (H+L)
20,737
16,235
20 Information on net borrowings
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
330
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

The decommissioning provision comprised: (i) for €8,376 million the 
present value of the estimated costs that the Company expects to 
incur for dismantling oil and natural gas production facilities at the 
end of the producing lives of fields, well-plugging, site clean-up and 
environmental restoration; (ii) for €673 million the estimated costs for 
social projects in the Exploration & Production segment, relating for 
€358 million to the estimated costs for social projects as part of the 
commitments between Eni SpA and the Basilicata region in relation 
to the oil development program in the Val d’Agri concession area; (iii) 
for €596 million the estimate for decommissioning and dismantling 
costs of refining and ancillary plants which have been impaired in the 
current commodity scenario and for which there are no prospects 
of economic reuse or reconversion into transition processes. The 
amount also included the expected decommissioning costs of fuel 
distribution assets.
In 2024, increases in the decommissioning provisions related to: (i) 
the revision of cost estimates relating to depleted oil & gas assets, 
whose book value has been completely written-down for €431 
million; (ii) cost estimates for dismantling and removing ancillary 
facilities of fuel refining and distribution assets for €45 million 
or which management has assessed the absence of economic 
prospectives in the current market context.
Initial recognition and changes in cost estimates were primarily 
recognized at assets in UK, Italy, Ivory Coast and Libya. The provision 
also increased due to a reduction in discounting rates in relation to 
the downward movement of the yield curve and the reduction of the 
discount period (accretion of discount). The effect of the accretion 
of discount recognized through profit and loss was determined 
based on discount rates ranging from 1.8% to 5.3% (from 2.2% to 
5.4% at December 31, 2023). Utilizations of the decommissioning 
provision mainly related to site restoration and social projects in UK 
for €310 million, in Italy for €246 million, and in Libya for €94 million. 
Change in the scope of consolidation referred to the Exploration & 
Production segment and concerned the acquisition of the Neptune 
Energy group for €815 million and the business combination with 
Ithaca Energy Plc for €566 million. Other changes included the 
reclassification to liabilities directly associated with assets held 
for sale of the Exploration & Production segment for €51 million. 
Main expenditures associated with decommissioning operations 
are expected to be incurred over a fifty-year period, with utilizations 
essentially starting after 12 months.
Provisions for environmental risks included the estimated costs for 
environmental clean-up and remediation of soil and groundwater 
in areas owned or under concession where the Group performed 
in the past industrial operations that were progressively divested, 
shut down, dismantled or restructured. The provision was accrued 
because at the balance sheet date there is a legal or constructive 
obligation for Eni to carry out environmental clean-up and remediation 
and the expected costs can be estimated reliably. The provision 
included the expected charges associated with strict liability related 
to obligations of cleaning up and remediating polluted areas that met 
the parameters set by law at the time when the pollution occurred 
but presently are no more in compliance with current environmental 
laws and regulations, or because Eni assumed the liability borne 
by other operators when the Company acquired or otherwise took 
over site operations. The prerequisite for the recognition of these 
environmental costs is the evaluation of the probability of their being 
incurred and the possibility of estimating them reliably. Provisions 
related: (i) for €352 million to remediation activities at brownfield 
sites in Italy and costs related to groundwater cleanups; (ii) for 
about €271 million to refining plants, storage sites, fuel distribution 
outlets and oil pipelines; (iii) for €152 million to remediation activities 
at petrochemical plants. At December 31, 2024, environmental 
provisions primarily related to Eni Rewind SpA for €2,423 million and 
to the Refining and Chemical segment for €687 million.
Litigation provisions comprised expected liabilities associated 
with legal proceedings and other matters arising from contractual 
claims, including arbitrations, fines and penalties due to antitrust 
proceedings and administrative matters. The provision was 
allocated on the basis of the best estimate of the existing liability at 
the balance sheet date and referred to the Exploration & Production 
segment for €305 million.
Provisions for uncertain tax matters related to the estimated losses 
that the Company expects to incur to settle tax litigations and tax 
claims pending with tax authorities in relation to uncertainties in 
applying rules in force and referred to the Exploration & Production 
segment for €128 million. In particular, charges mainly relate to the 
dispute regarding the taxation of Italian local administrations on Eni 
offshore platforms located in common territorial waters.
Loss adjustments and actuarial provisions of Eni’s insurance 
company Eni Insurance DAC represented the estimated liabilities 
accrued on the basis for third party claims. Against such liability were 
recorded receivables for €25 million towards insurance companies 
for reinsurance contracts.
Provisions for losses on investments included provisions relating 
to investments whose loss exceeds equity and primarily related to 
Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico - ISAF - SpA (in liquidation) for 
€176 million.
Provisions for the Everen insurance coverage included insurance 
premiums which will be charged to Eni in the next five years by the 
mutual insurance company in which Eni participates together with 
other oil companies.
Other provisions mainly related to claims, contingencies and 
commercial renegotiations aa part of the ordinary course of the 
business. Those provisions were outstanding mainly in the Global 
Gas & LNG Portfolio and Enilive business lines.
Based on the outlay forecasts in relation to the progress of the 
restoration and decommissioning activities of depleted oil assets, the 
short-term portion of the risk provisions amounts to approximately 
€1.7 billion.
331
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

2024
2023
(€ million)
Italian defined 
benefit plans
Foreign defined 
benefit plans
FISDE, foreign 
medical plans and 
other
Defined benefit 
plans
Other benefit plans
Total
Italian defined 
benefit plans
Foreign defined 
benefit plans
FISDE, foreign 
medical plans and 
other
Defined benefit 
plans
Other benefit plans
Total
Present value of benefit liabilities at beginning of year
156
380
118
654
353
1,007
177
644
126
947
341
1,288
Current service cost
1
12
2
15
56
71
1
10
2
13
51
64
Interest cost
5
18
4
27
11
38
6
29
4
39
10
49
Remeasurements:
(1)
(22)
(2)
(25)
1
(24)
5
24
1
30
(2)
28
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
1
2
(1)
1
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions
(22)
(22)
5
(17)
4
8
2
14
1
15
- experience (gains) losses
(1)
1
(2)
(2)
(4)
(6)
15
(1)
14
(2)
12
Past service cost and (gain) loss on settlements
9
9
3
12
2
(13)
4
(7)
91
84
Plan contributions:
2
2
2
1
1
1
- employee contributions
2
2
2
1
1
1
Benefits paid
(10)
(85)
(8)
(103)
(113)
(216)
(37)
(39)
(9)
(85)
(97)
(182)
Reclassification to liabilities directly associated with assets  
held for sale
(147)
(6)
(153)
(2)
(155)
Currency translation differences and other changes
55
(2)
53
(1)
52
2
(129)
(4)
(131)
(39)
(170)
Present value of benefit liabilities at end of year (a)
151
369
112
632
310
942
156
380
118
654
353
1,007
Plan assets at beginning of year
261
261
261
503
503
503
Interest income
14
14
14
19
19
19
Return on plan assets
(17)
(17)
(17)
Administrative fees paid
(1)
(1)
(1)
Plan contributions:
25
25
25
25
25
25
- employee contributions
2
2
2
1
1
1
- employer contributions
23
23
23
24
24
24
Benefits paid
(25)
(25)
(25)
(31)
(31)
(31)
Reclassification to liabilities directly associated with assets held for 
sale
(123)
(123)
(123)
Currency translation differences and other changes
6
6
6
(132)
(132)
(132)
Plan assets at end of year (b)
263
263
263
261
261
261
Asset ceiling at beginning of year
2
2
2
1
1
1
Change in asset ceiling
1
1
1
Asset ceiling at end of year (c)
2
2
2
2
2
2
Net liability recognized at end of year (a-b+c)
151
108
112
371
310
681
156
121
118
395
353
748
The liability relating to Eni’s commitment to cover the healthcare 
costs of personnel is determined, among other things, based on the 
contributions paid by the Company.
Other employee benefit plans related to deferred monetary incentive 
plans for €134 million (€120 million at December 31, 2023), expansion 
contracts for €86 million (€118 million at December 31, 2023), 
isopensione plans (a post-retirement benefit plan applicable to a 
specific category of employees) of Eni Plenitude SpA Società Benefit 
for €47 million (€77 million at December 31, 2023), Jubilee Awards for 
€25 million (€26 million at December 31, 2023) and other long-term 
plans for €18 million (€12 million at December 31, 2023).
Present value of employee benefits, estimated by applying actuarial 
techniques, consisted of the following:
(€ million)
December 31, 
2024
December 31, 
2023
Italian defined benefit plans
151
156
Foreign defined benefit plans
108
121
FISDE, foreign medical plans and other
112
118
Defined benefit plans
371
395
Other benefit plans
310
353
Provision for employee benefits
681
748
22 Provisions for employee benefits
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
332
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Costs charged to the profit and loss account, valued using actuarial assumptions, consisted of the following:
(€ million)
Italian defined 
benefit plans
Foreign 
defined benefit 
plans
FISDE, foreign 
medical plans 
and other
Defined 
benefit plans
Other 
benefit plans
Total
2024
Current service cost
1
12
2
15
56
71
Past service cost and (gains) losses on settlements
9
9
3
12
Interest cost (income), net:
- interest cost on liabilities
5
18
4
27
11
38
- interest income on plan assets
(14)
(14)
(14)
Total interest cost (income), net
5
4
4
13
11
24
- of which recognized in "Payroll and related cost"
11
11
- of which recognized in "Financial income (expense)"
5
4
4
13
13
Remeasurements for long-term plans
1
1
Administrative fees paid
1
1
1
Total
6
26
6
38
71
109
- of which recognized in "Payroll and related cost"
1
22
2
25
71
96
- of which recognized in "Financial income (expense)"
5
4
4
13
13
2023
Current service cost
1
10
2
13
51
64
Past service cost and (gains) losses on settlements
2
(13)
4
(7)
91
84
Interest cost (income), net:
- interest cost on liabilities
6
29
4
39
10
49
- interest income on plan assets
(19)
(19)
(19)
Total interest cost (income), net
6
10
4
20
10
30
- of which recognized in "Payroll and related cost"
10
10
- of which recognized in "Financial income (expense)"
6
10
4
20
20
Remeasurements for long-term plans
(2)
(2)
Total
9
7
10
26
150
176
- of which recognized in "Payroll and related cost"
3
(3)
6
6
150
156
- of which recognized in "Financial income (expense)"
6
10
4
20
20
2024
2023
(€ million)
Italian defined 
benefit plans
Foreign 
defined benefit 
plans
FISDE, foreign 
medical plans 
and other
Total
Italian defined 
benefit plans
Foreign 
defined benefit 
plans
FISDE, foreign 
medical plans 
and other
Total
Actuarial (gains)/losses due to changes in demographic assumptions
(1)
(1)
1
1
2
Actuarial (gains)/losses due to changes in financial assumptions
(22)
(22)
4
8
2
14
Experience (gains) losses
(1)
1
(2)
(2)
15
(1)
14
Return on plan assets
17
17
Changes in asset ceiling
1
1
Remeasurements
(1)
(5)
(2)
(8)
5
25
1
31
Costs of defined benefit plans recognized in other comprehensive income consisted of the following:
333
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(€ million)
Cash and cash 
equivalents
Equity 
securities
Debt securities
Real estate
Derivatives
Investment 
funds
Assets held 
by insurance 
companies
Other
Total
December 31, 2024
Plan assets with a quoted market price
4
25
125
11
43
1
32
19
260
Plan assets without a quoted market price
3
3
4 
25 
125 
11 
43 
1 
35 
19 
263 
December 31, 2023
Plan assets with a quoted market price
4
24
121
11
55
5
15
235
Plan assets without a quoted market price
26
26
4 
24 
121 
11 
55 
31 
15 
261 
Italian defined 
benefit plans
Foreign defined 
benefit plans
FISDE, foreign 
medical plans
and other
Other 
benefit plans
2024
Discount rate
(%)
3.1
1.1-26,1
3.1
2.8-3.1
Rate of compensation increase
(%)
3.0
2.0-15.0
Rate of price inflation
(%)
2.0
1.0-14.0
2,0
2.0
Life expectations on retirement at age 65
(years)
14-24
24
2023
Discount rate
(%)
3.1
1.4-25.9
3.1
3.1-3.3
Rate of compensation increase
(%)
3.0
1.9-20.0
Rate of price inflation
(%)
2.0
1.2-15.5
2,0
2.0
Life expectations on retirement at age 65
(years)
14-23
24
Plan assets consisted of the following:
The main actuarial assumptions used in the measurement of the liabilities at year-end and in the estimate of costs expected for 2025 
consisted of the following:
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
334
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Euro area
Rest of
Europe
Africa
Other 
areas
Foreign 
defined 
benefit plans
2024
Discount rate
(%)
3.2-3.6
1.1-5.5
3.3-26.1
7,1
1.1-26.1
Rate of compensation increase
(%)
2.0-3.4
2,8
5.0-15.0
5,0
2.0-15.0
Rate of price inflation
(%)
2.0
1.0-3.5
3.0-14.0
3,5
1.0-14.0
Life expectations on retirement at age 65
(years)
21-23
23-24
14-18
14-24
2023
Discount rate
(%)
3.2-3.3
1.4-4.5
3.2-25.9
6.9
1.4-25.9
Rate of compensation increase
(%)
1.9-3.0
3.0
5.0-20.0
5.0
1.9-20.0
Rate of price inflation
(%)
1.9-2.1
1.2-3.4
3.1-15.5
3.5
1.2-15.5
Life expectations on retirement at age 65
(years)
21 - 23
23
14-18
14-23
The following is an analysis by geographical area related to the main actuarial assumptions used in the valuation of the principal foreign 
defined benefit plans:
The effects of a possible change in the main actuarial assumptions at the end of the year are not material.
The contributions expected to be paid for employee benefit plans in the next year amounted to €153 million, of which €45 million related 
to defined benefit plans.
The following is an analysis by maturity date of the liabilities for employee benefit plans and their relative weighted average duration:
(€ million)
Italian defined 
benefit plans
Foreign defined 
benefit plans
FISDE, foreign 
medical plans and 
other
Other benefit 
plans
December 31, 2024
2025
19
24
8
108
108
2026
16
26
7
92
92
2027
16
21
7
80
80
2028
17
16
7
13
13
2029
18
19
7
5
5
2030 and thereafter
65
263
76
12
12
Weighted average duration (years)
6.1
13.1
11.3
2.1
2.1
December 31, 2023
2024
14
24
9
107
107
2025
13
22
9
103
103
2026
14
23
7
86
86
2027
16
22
7
30
30
2028
18
23
7
14
14
2029 and thereafter
81
7
79
13
13
Weighted average duration (years)
6.8
13.6
10.8
2.3
2.3
335
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(€ million)
December 31, 
2024
December 31, 
2023
Deferred tax liabilities before offsetting
8,724
8,461
Deferred tax assets available for offset
(3,143)
(3,759)
Deferred tax liabilities
5,581
4,702
Deferred tax assets before offsetting (net of accumulated write-down provisions)
9,465
8,241
Deferred tax liabilities available for offset
(3,143)
(3,759)
Deferred tax assets
6,322
4,482
(€ million)
December 31, 
2024
December 31, 
2023
Deferred tax liabilities
Accelerated tax depreciation
5,755
6,028
Difference between the fair value and the carrying amount of assets acquired
858
305
Site restoration and abandonment (tangible assets)
368
265
Leasing
354
150
Derivative financial instruments
44
451
Application of the weighted average cost method in evaluation of inventories
20
47
Other
1,325
1,215
8,724
8,461
Deferred tax assets, gross
Carry-forward tax losses
(5,018)
(5,677)
Site restoration and abandonment (provisions for contingencies)
(2,148)
(1,802)
Timing differences on depreciation and amortization
(1,847)
(1,567)
Accruals for impairment losses and provisions for contingencies
(1,432)
(1,279)
Impairment losses
(1,320)
(1,517)
Derivative financial instruments
(352)
(236)
Leasing
(338)
(198)
Employee benefits
(151)
(168)
Over/Under lifting
(120)
(124)
Unrealized intercompany profits
(77)
(57)
Other
(1,313)
(1,284)
(14,116)
(13,909)
Accumulated write-downs of deferred tax assets
4,651
5,668
Deferred tax assets, net
(9,465)
(8,241)
23 Deferred tax assets and liabilities
The most significant temporary differences giving rise to net deferred tax assets and liabilities are disclosed below:
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
336
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(€ million)
Deferred tax 
liabilities before 
offsetting
Deferred tax assets 
before offsetting, 
gross
Accumulated 
write-downs of 
deferred tax assets
Accumulated 
write-downs of 
deferred tax assets
2024
Carrying amount - beginning of the year
8,461
(13,909)
5,668
(8,241)
Additions
946
(1,862)
457
(1,405)
Deductions
(1,042)
2,176
(1,663)
513
Changes with effect to OCI
(351)
92
92
Currency translation differences
484
(384)
121
(263)
Change in scope of consolidation
193
156
(168)
(12)
Other changes
33
(385)
236
(149)
Carrying amount - end of the year
8,724
(14,116)
4,651
(9,465)
2024
Carrying amount - beginning of the year
9,315
(14,960)
6,170
(8,790)
Additions
654
(2,161)
639
(1,522)
Deductions
(1,099)
2,565
(861)
1,704
Changes with effect to OCI
(69)
223
223
Currency translation differences
(247)
213
(68)
145
Change in scope of consolidation
348
(183)
13
(170)
Other changes
(441)
394
(225)
169
Carrying amount - end of the year
8,461
(13,909)
5,668
(8,241)
The following table summarizes the changes in deferred tax liabilities and assets:
Changes in the scope of consolidation referred to the acquisition 
of the Neptune Energy group for €914 million of deferred tax 
liabilities and €732 million of deferred tax assets and, in decrease, 
to the business combination with Ithaca Energy Plc of deferred 
tax liabilities for €726 million and of deferred tax assets for €723 
million.
Carry-forward tax losses amounted to €19,668 million, of which 
€15,759 million can be carried forward indefinitely. Carry-forward tax 
losses were €10,362 million at Italian subsidiaries and €9,306 million 
at foreign subsidiaries. Deferred tax assets gross of accumulated 
write-downs recognized on these losses amounted to €2,487 million 
and €2,531 million, respectively.
The Italian tax law allows the carry-forward of tax losses indefinitely. 
Foreign tax laws generally allow the carry-forward of tax losses 
over a period longer than five years, and in many cases, indefinitely. 
A tax rate of 24% was applied to tax losses of Italian subsidiaries 
to determine the portion of the carry-forwards tax losses. The 
corresponding average rate for foreign subsidiaries was 27.2%.
Accumulated write-downs of deferred tax assets related to Italian 
companies for €2,407 million and non-Italian companies for €2,244 
million.
Deferred tax assets of Italian companies of €1,518 million were 
restored in relation to an expected higher taxable income.
Taxes are also described in note 33 - Income taxes.
337
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(€ million)
Fair value 
asset
Fair value 
liability
Level of 
Fair value
Fair value 
asset
Fair value 
liability
Level of 
Fair value
Non-hedging derivatives
Derivatives on exchange rate
- Currency swap
233
33
2 
70
168
2
- Interest currency swap
125
2 
84
2
- Outright
3
24
2 
236
182
70
252
Derivatives on interest rate
- Interest rate swap
20
27
2 
62
34
2
20
27
62
34
Derivatives on commodities
- Over the counter
632
923
2 
2,902
2,103
2
- Future
1,429
1,538
1 
3,027
2,905
1
- Options
61
111
2 
106
114
2
- Other
8
2 
11
2
2,122
2,580
6,046
5,122
2,378
2,789
6,178
5,408
Fair value hedge derivatives
Derivatives on interest rate
- Interest rate swap
42
2
42
 
Derivatives on exchange rate
- Outright
2
1
2
 
44
Cash flow hedge derivatives
Derivatives on commodities
- Over the counter
20
335
80
13
2
- Future
28
421
2 
48
756
1 
80
13
Derivatives on interest rate
- Interest rate swap
6
1
6
48
756
86
13
Options
- Other options
37
41
2
37
2 
41
Gross amount
2,470
3,582
6,264
5,462
Offsetting
(1,508)
(1,508)
(2,895)
(2,895)
Net amount
962
2,074
3,369
2,567
Of which:
- current
874
1,921
3,323
2,414
- non-current
88
153
46
153
- non-current
88 
153 
46 
153 
24 Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
338
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(€ million)
Nominal 
amount of the 
hedging 
instrument
Change 
in fair value
(effective 
hedge) 
Change 
in fair value
(ineffective 
hedge)
Nominal 
amount of the 
hedging 
instrument
Change 
in fair value
(effective 
hedge)
Change 
in fair value
(ineffective 
hedge)
Cash flow hedge derivatives
Derivatives on commodity
- Over the counter
1,753
(524)
13
310
147
6
- Future
3,375
(499)
13
(23)
5,128
(1,023)
26
310
124
6
Other cash flow derivatives
- Other
348
(12)
128
(19)
348
(12)
128
(19)
5,476
(1,035)
26
438
105
6
Fair value hedge derivatives
Derivatives on exchange rate
- Outright
43
2
43
2
Derivatives on interest rate
- Interest rate swap
1,981
42
1
1,981
42
1
2,024
44
1
Eni is exposed to market risk, which is the risk that changes in prices 
of energy commodities, exchange rates and interest rates could 
reduce the future cash flows of highly probable future transactions or 
the fair value of the assets. Eni enters into financial and commodities 
derivatives traded on organized markets (like MTF and OTF) and into 
commodities derivatives traded over the counter (swaps, forward, 
contracts for differences and options on commodities) to reduce the 
market risk and, currencies or interest rates and, to a limited extent in 
compliance with internal authorization thresholds, with speculative 
purposes to profit from expected market trends.
Derivatives fair values were estimated based on market quotations 
provided by primary info-provider or, alternatively, appropriate 
valuation techniques generally adopted in the marketplace.
Fair-valued non-hedging derivatives mainly comprised forward sale 
contracts of natural gas for physical delivery which were not entitled 
to the own use exemption, as well as derivatives for proprietary 
trading activities.
Fair-valued cash flow hedges mainly related to commodity hedges 
and were entered into by the Global Gas & LNG Portfolio business 
line to hedge variability in future cash flows associated with highly 
probable future trade transactions of gas or electricity or on already 
contracted trades due to different indexation mechanisms of supply 
costs versus selling prices. A similar scheme applies to exchange 
rate hedging derivatives. The existence of a relationship between 
the hedged item and the hedging derivative is checked at inception 
to verify eligibility for hedge accounting by observing the offset in 
changes of the fair values at both the underlying commodity and the 
derivative. The hedging relationship is also stress-tested against the 
level of credit risk of the counterparty in the derivative transaction. 
The hedge ratio is defined consistently with the Company’s risk 
management objectives, under a defined risk management strategy. 
The hedging relationship is discontinued when it ceases to meet the 
qualifying criteria and the risk management objectives on the basis 
of which hedge accounting has initially been applied.
The effects of the measurement at fair value of cash flow hedge 
derivatives are given in note 26 - Equity. Information on hedged 
risks, the hedging policies are disclosed in note 28 - Guarantees, 
commitments and risks - Risk factors.
Eni entered into sustainability-linked interest rate swaps with leading 
banking institutions which provide for a cost adjustment mechanism 
linked to the achievement of certain sustainability targets. At 
December 31, 2024, the fair value of these contracts amounted to 
positive €1 million.
In 2024, the exposure to the exchange rate risk deriving from 
securities denominated in US dollars included in the strategic 
liquidity portfolio amounting to €2,077 million was hedged by using, 
in a fair value hedge relationship, negative exchange differences 
for €133 million resulting on a portion of bonds denominated in US 
dollars amounting to €2,273 million.
The offsetting of financial derivatives primarily related to Eni Global 
Energy Markets SpA.	
During 2024, there were no transfers between the different hierarchy 
levels of fair value.
Hedging derivative instruments are disclosed below:
339
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Net income (loss) on cash flow hedging derivatives
26
6
275
Net income (loss) on other derivatives
(378)
472
(2,011)
(352)
478
(1,736)
December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(€ million)
Change of the 
underlying 
item used for 
the calculation 
of hedging 
ineffectiveness
CFH reserve
Reclassification 
adjustments
Change of the 
underlying 
item used for 
the calculation 
of hedging 
ineffectiveness
CFH reserve
Reclassification 
adjustments
Cash flow hedge derivatives
Commodity price risk
- Planned sales
1,023
(850)
(123)
(169)
56
(436)
1,023
(850)
(123)
(169)
56
(436)
Other cash flow derivatives
- hedged flows
12
(12)
(19)
(6)
12
(12)
(19)
(6)
December 31, 2024
(€ million)
Nominal amount 
of the  underlying 
item
Cumulative 
changes of the 
underlying item
Change of the 
underlying item
Fair value hedge derivatives
 
 
 
Derivatives on exchange rate
 
 
 
- Investments
43
(2)
(2)
Derivatives on interest rate
 
 
 
- Financial liabilities
2,066
44
44
The breakdown of the underlying asset or liability by type of risk hedged under cash flow hedge and fair value hedge is provided below:
More information is reported in note 28 - Guarantees, Commitments and Risks - Financial risks.
Other operating profit (loss) related to derivative financial instruments on commodity was as follows: 
EFFECTS RECOGNIZED IN OTHER OPERATING PROFIT (LOSS)
Net income (loss) on cash flow hedging derivatives related to 
the ineffective portion of the hedging relationship on commodity 
derivatives was recognized through profit and loss.
Net income (loss) on other derivatives included the fair value 
measurement and settlement of commodity derivatives which could 
not be elected for hedge accounting under IFRS because they related 
to net exposure to commodity risk and derivatives for trading purposes 
and proprietary trading.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
340
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Profit (Loss)
Equity
(€ million)
2024
2023
December 31,
 2024
December 31
2023,
Eni Marine Services SpA
1,924
 2024
Eni Plenitude Group
54
3
491
54
EniPower Group
85
86
446
406
Others
1
2
140
89
2,863
460
26 Equity
25 Assets held for sale and liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale
Net finance income from derivative financial instruments was 
recognized in connection with the fair value valuation of certain 
derivatives which lacked the formal criteria to be treated in accordance 
with hedge accounting under IFRS, as they were entered into for 
amounts equal to the net exposure to exchange rate risk and interest 
rate risk, and as such, they cannot be referred to specific trade or 
financing transactions. Exchange rate derivatives were entered into 
in order to manage exposures to foreign currency exchange rates 
arising from the pricing indexation of energy commodities. 
More information is disclosed in note 36 – Transactions with related 
parties.
As of December 31, 2024, assets held for sale of €420 million (€2,609 
million at 31 December, 2023) and directly associated liabilities of 
€195 million (€1,862 million at 31 December, 2023) mainly concerned 
oil assets in Congo, which book value was aligned to the expected 
fair value, amounting to €417 million (of which current assets €28 
million) and €195 million (of which current liabilities €3 million), 
respectively.
During 2024, assets reclassified as held for sale in the 2023 relating to 
some oil permits in Congo and onshore assets in Nigeria were sold (see 
note 5 - Business combinations and other significant transactions).
In March 2024, Eni Plenitude SpA Società Benefit (Plenitude) and 
Energy Infrastructure Partners (EIP) closed an investment agreement, 
with EIP acquiring a non-controlling interest in Plenitude through a 
capital increase of €588 million. This amount corresponds to 7.6% of 
Plenitude’s share capital, with an underlying equity book value of €392 
million.
Minority interests in Eni Marine Services SpA related to a perpetual 
subordinated bonds issued in US dollars to finance a Group’s major 
capital project. The perpetual subordinated bond was recognized 
among minority interests in consideration of the Group’s unconditional 
right to avoid transferring cash or other financial assets to the 
bondholders.
NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST
EFFECTS RECOGNIZED IN FINANCE INCOME (LOSS)
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Derivatives on exchange rate 
310
(63)
(70)
Derivatives on interest rate 
(32)
2
81
Options
2
278
(61)
13
341
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

SHARE CAPITAL
As of December 31, 2024, the parent company’s issued share capital 
consisted of €4,005,358,876 (same amount as of December 31, 
2023) represented by 3,284,490,525 ordinary shares without nominal 
value (3,375,937,893 ordinary shares at December 31, 2023).
On May 15, 2024, Eni’s Shareholders’ Meeting resolved: (i) to 
distribute available reserves by way of and in place of the payment 
of the dividend for the year 2024 of €1 per share in four tranches 
(for an amount equal to €0.25 per share), in September 2024, 
November 2024, March 2025 and May 2025; (ii) to authorize the 
Board of Directors pursuant to and for the purposes of Art. 2357 of 
the Italian Civil Code to proceed with the purchase of shares of the 
Company, in multiple tranches, for a period up to April 30, 2025, in a 
maximum number of shares to be purchased equal to 328,000,000 
ordinary shares for a total outlay of up to €3.5 billion, of which: (a) up 
to a maximum of 321,600,000 shares for the purpose of returning 
cash to shareholders; (b) up to a maximum of 6,400,000 shares 
to constitute a share provision for the 2024-2026 Employee Stock 
Ownership Plan; (iii) to authorize the Board of Directors to cancel up 
to a maximum of 321,600,000 treasury shares which will eventually 
be acquired based on the shareholders’ authorization of the previous 
point. In execution of these resolutions, as of December 31, 2024, 
117,927,640 treasury shares have been acquired for a total value of 
€1,639 million.
CUMULATIVE FOREIGN CURRENCY 
TRANSLATION DIFFERENCES
The cumulative foreign currency translation differences arose from 
the translation of financial statements denominated in currencies 
other than euro.
PERPETUAL SUBORDINATED HYBRID BONDS
The hybrid bonds are governed by the English law and are traded 
on the regulated market of the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. As 
of December 31, 2024, hybrid bonds amounted to €5 billion (same 
amount as at December 31, 2023).
The key characteristics of the hybrid bonds are: (i) an issue of €1.5 billion 
perpetual 5.25-year subordinated non-call hybrid notes with a re-offer 
price of 99.403% and an annual fixed coupon of 2.625% until the first reset 
date of January 13, 2026. As from such date, unless it has been redeemed 
in whole on or before the first reset date, which is the last day for the first 
optional redemption, the bond will bear interest per annum determined 
according to the relevant 5-year Euro Mid Swap rate plus an initial spread 
of 316.7 basis points, increased by an additional 25 basis points as from 
January 13, 2031 and a subsequent increase of additional 75 basis 
points as from January 13, 2046; (ii) an issue of €1.5 billion perpetual 
9-year subordinated non-call hybrid notes with a re-offer price of 100% 
and an annual fixed coupon of 3.375% until the first reset date of October 
13, 2029. As from such date, unless it has been redeemed in whole on 
or before the first reset date, which is the last day for the first optional 
redemption, the bond will bear interest per annum determined according 
to the relevant 5-year Euro Mid Swap rate plus an initial spread of 364.1 
basis points, increased by additional 25 basis points as from October 13, 
2034 and a subsequent increase of additional 75 basis points as from 
October 13, 2049; (iii) an issue of €1 billion perpetual 6-year subordinated 
non-call hybrid notes with a re-offer price of 100% and an annual fixed 
coupon of 2.000% until the first reset date of May 11, 2027. As from such 
date, unless it has been redeemed in whole on or before the first reset 
date, which is the last day for the first optional redemption, the bond will 
bear interest per annum determined according to the relevant 5-year 
Euro Mid Swap rate plus an initial spread of 220.4 basis points, increased 
(€ million)
December 31, 
2024
December 31, 
2023
Share capital
4,005
4,005
Retained earnings
32,552
32,988
Cumulative currency translation differences
8,081
5,238
Other reserves and equity instruments:
- Perpetual subordinated bonds
5,000
5,000
- Legal reserve
959
959
- Reserve for treasury shares
2,883
2,333
- Reserve for OCI on cash flow hedging derivatives net of tax effect
(612)
36
- Reserve for OCI on defined benefit plans net of tax effect
(91)
(88)
- Reserve for OCI on equity-accounted investments
28
98
- Reserve for OCI on other investments valued at fair value
160
98
- Reserve for convertible bond issue
79
79
Treasury shares
(2,883)
(2,333)
Profit for the year
2,624
4,771
52,785
53,184
EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO EQUITY HOLDERS OF ENI
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
342
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

RESERVES FOR OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Reserve for OCI on cash flow 
hedge derivatives
Reserve for OCI on 
defined benefit plans
Reserve for 
OCI on equity-
accounted 
investments(a)
Reserve for 
OCI on 
investments 
valued at 
fair value
(€ million)
Gross 
reserve
Deferred 
tax 
liabilities
Net 
reserve
Gross 
reserve
Deferred 
tax 
liabilities
Net 
reserve
Reserve as of December 31, 2023
50
(14)
36
(94)
6
(88)
98
98
Changes of the year
(1,034)
299
(735)
8
(4)
4
(70)
62
Currency translation differences
(5)
3
(2)
Changes in scope of consolidation
(30)
25
(5)
Reclassification adjustments
123
(36)
87
Reserve as of December 31, 2024
(861)
249
(612)
(121)
30
(91)
28
160
Reserve as of December 31, 2022
(483)
141
(342)
(20)
(38)
(58)
46
53
Changes of the year
105
(32)
73
(31)
10
(21)
52
45
Currency translation differences
(43)
34
(9)
Reversal to inventories adjustments
(8)
3
(5)
Reclassification adjustments
436
(126)
310
Reserve as of December 31, 2023
50
(14)
36
(94)
6
(88)
98
98
(a) Reserve for OCI on equity-accounted investments at December 31, 2024 includes €1 million relating to defined benefit plans (negative for €1 million at December 31, 2023).
by additional 25 basis points as from May 11, 2032 and a subsequent 
increase of additional 75 basis points as from May 11, 2047; (iv) an issue 
of €1 billion perpetual 9-year subordinated non-call hybrid notes with a 
re-offer price of 99.607% and an annual fixed coupon of 2.750% until the 
first reset date of May 11, 2030. As from such date, unless it has been 
redeemed in whole on or before the first reset date, which is the last day 
for the first optional redemption, the bond will bear interest per annum 
determined according to the relevant 5-year Euro Mid Swap rate plus an 
initial spread of 277.1 basis points, increased by additional 25 basis points 
as from May 11, 2035 and a subsequent increase of additional 75 basis 
points as from May 11, 2050.
LEGAL RESERVE
This reserve represents earnings restricted from the payment of 
dividends pursuant to Article 2430 of the Italian Civil Code. The legal 
reserve has reached the maximum amount required by the Italian 
Law.
RESERVE FOR TREASURY SHARES
The reserve for treasury shares represents the reserve that was 
established in previous reporting periods to repurchase the Company 
shares in accordance with resolutions at Eni’s Shareholders’ 
Meetings.
TREASURY SHARES
A total of 203,137,967 of Eni’s ordinary shares (157,115,336 at 
December 31, 2023) were held in treasury for a total cost of €2,883 
million (€2,333 million at December 31, 2023). 
During 2024, 142,480,744 shares were acquired, for a total value of 
€2,003 million, as part of the completion of the 2023 buy-back plan 
and the execution of the €2 billion 2024 program 80% completed 
at the balance sheet date, in compliance with the shareholders’ 
authorizations; 91,447,368 treasury shares have been cancelled for 
a total value of €1,375 million and 1,908,045 treasury shares were 
assigned free of charge to Eni managers, following the conclusion 
of the Vesting Period as required by the “Long-Term Monetary 
Incentive Plan 2020-2022” approved by Eni’s Shareholders’ Meeting 
of May 15, 2024.
  
DISTRIBUTABLE RESERVES
As of December 31, 2024, equity attributable to Eni included 
distributable reserves of approximately €43 billion.
343
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Profit
Shareholders’ equity
(€ million)
2024
2023
December 
31, 2024
December 31, 
2023
As recorded in Eni SpA's Financial Statements
6,419
3,272
50,735
51,019
Excess of net equity stated in the separate accounts of consolidated subsidiaries over the corresponding carrying 
amounts of the parent company
(2,029)
3,202
4,338
(814)
Consolidation adjustments:
- difference between purchase cost and underlying carrying amounts of net equity
153
153
- adjustments to comply with Group accounting policies
(1,722)
(2,266)
1,240
3,774
- elimination of unrealized intercompany profits
(80)
86
(537)
(437)
- deferred taxation
176
566
(281)
(51)
2,764
4,860
55,648
53,644
Non-controlling interest
(140)
(89)
(2,863)
(460)
As recorded in Consolidated Financial Statements
2,624
4,771
52,785
53,184
RECONCILIATION OF PROFIT AND EQUITY OF THE PARENT COMPANY ENI SPA  
TO THE CONSOLIDATED PROFIT AND EQUITY
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Investment in consolidated subsidiaries and businesses
Current assets
486
408
147
Non-current assets
3,863
1,985
1,981
Net borrowings
(468)
(91)
(541)
Current and non-current liabilities
(1,825)
(622)
(366)
Net effect of investments
2,056
1,680
1,221
Goodwill
33
25
482
Fair value of investments held before the acquisition of control
(28)
(271)
(21)
Non-controlling interests
(1)
(2)
(15)
Purchase price
2,060
1,432
1,667
less:
Cash and cash equivalents acquired
(265)
(155)
(31)
Consolidated subsidiaries and businesses net of cash and cash equivalent acquired
1,795
1,277
1,636
Disposal of consolidated subsidiaries and businesses
Current assets
802
130
1,377
Non-current assets
2,695
153
8,618
Net borrowings
101
180
(2,085)
Current and non-current liabilities
(2,267)
(124)
(2,351)
Net effect of disposals
1,331
339
5,559
Current value of the stake held for business combinations
(788)
(580)
(5,726)
Reclassification among other items of OCI
(7)
(918)
Gain on disposal of business combinations
379
427
2,704
Fair value of share capital held after the sale of control
118
414
Credits for divestments
(173)
(1,609)
Selling price
1,040
420
10
less:
Cash and cash equivalents sold
(153)
(25)
(70)
Consolidated subsidiaries and businesses net of cash and cash equivalent disposed of before business combination
887
395
(60)
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
27 Other information
Investments and disposals in 2024 are disclosed in note 5 - Business combinations and other significant transactions.
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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND OTHER SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTIONS
The provisional and definitive price allocation of the net assets acquired in 2023 is shown below:
(€ million)
HLS Bonete PV SLU e HLS 
Bonete Topco SLU 
(Provisional allocation)
HLS Bonete PV SLU e 
HLS Bonete Topco SLU 
(Definitive allocation)
Novamont SpA
(Provisional allocation)
Novamont SpA
(Definitive allocation)
Current assets
2
2
195
195
Property, plant and equipment
70
70
255
255
Goodwill
6
8
19
24
Current and non-current assets
37
35
557
552
Cash and cash equivalent (Net borrowings)
18
18
(207)
(207)
Current and non-current liabilities
(15)
(15)
(188)
(188)
Total purchase price
118
118
631
631
Following the definitive allocation of the 2023 business combinations, financial statements were not restated taking into account the 
immateriality of the changes.
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In the ordinary course of business, Eni issues guarantees on behalf 
of non-consolidated companies (joint ventures or associates) 
in relation to the fulfillment of contractual obligations, mainly 
autonomous contracts to guarantee the correct execution of works, 
participation in tenders and other commitments of companies 
relating to the Exploration & Production segment, as well as parent 
company guarantees to banks and financial institutions funding 
those non-consolidated entities in relation to the execution of 
capital projects in the interest of the Group (for example, projects 
for the development of reserves in the offshore Mozambique). 
Some guarantees have been issued to governments and state 
entities with the aim of insuring the counterparty against possible 
environmental damages or in relation to negligent conducts in the 
development of oil projects or failure to comply with contractual 
provisions. In case of guarantees for environmental damages or 
similar contractual breaches which do not provide a cap, the value 
Commitments related to: (i) parent company guarantees that were 
issued in connection with certain contractual commitments for 
hydrocarbon exploration and production activities and quantified, 
based on the capital expenditures to be incurred, to be €79,858 
million (€73,615 million at December 31, 2023); (ii) a parent company 
guarantee of €3,849 million (€3,619 million at December 31, 2023) 
issued on behalf of Eni Abu Dhabi Refining & Trading BV following 
the Share Purchase Agreement to acquire from Abu Dhabi National 
Oil Company (ADNOC) a 20% equity interest in ADNOC Refining and 
the set-up of the joint venture ADNOC Global Trading Ltd dedicated 
to marketing petroleum products. The parent company guarantee 
will remain in force as long as the investment is maintained; (iii) 
commitments in the Plenitude business line for the purchase of 
renewable energy projects in United States, Italy, Norway and Spain 
for €246 million (€107 million at December 31, 2023).
Risks related to: (i) assets of third parties under custody of Eni for 
€772 million (€879 million at December 31, 2023); (ii) contractual 
assurances given to acquirers of certain investments and businesses 
of Eni for €264 million (€250 million at December 31, 2023).
OTHER COMMITMENTS AND RISKS
Other commitments include the agreements entered into for forestry 
initiatives, implemented within the low carbon strategy defined by the 
Company, concerning the commitments for the purchase until 2038 
of carbon credits produced and certified according to international 
standards by subjects specialized in forest conservation programs.
In addition, Eni is exposed to non-quantifiable risks related to 
contractual guarantees issued in case of certain Eni transactions, 
including loss of control of subsidiaries and divestment of 
businesses and investments, against certain contingent liabilities 
reported reflects the management’s best estimate of potential 
maximum exposure. In case management would be unable to 
estimate the maximum amount of potential future payments, 
the adverse event is deemed to have only a remote possibility 
of occurrence or a negligible impact (as the case of the parent 
company guarantee issued on behalf of the jointly controlled entity 
Cardón IV in the event of a default on the supply of equity gas to the 
national oil company of Venezuela.
At December 31, 2024, the underlying commitment relating to the 
guarantees issued was €5,790 million (€6,373 million at December 
31, 2023), which takes into account the progress of the activities and 
the repaid obligations.
Also on the basis of historical experience, management considers 
reasonably probable that such guarantees will not have significant 
effects on the economic results and cash flows of the consolidated 
financial statements.
28 Guarantees, commitments and risks
GUARANTEES
COMMITMENTS AND RISKS
(€ million)
December 31, 
2024
December 31, 
2023
Joint ventures
9,063
9,226
Associates
165
68
Others
424
398
9,652
9,692
(€ million)
December 31, 
2024
December 31, 
2023
Commitments
84,129
79,513
Risks
1,046
1,140
85,175
80,653
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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deriving from tax, social security contributions, environmental issues 
and other matters applicable to periods during which such assets 
were operated by Eni or as result of Eni’s loss of control of formerly 
consolidated subsidiaries. Eni believes such matters will not have a 
material adverse effect on Eni’s results of operations and cash flow.
Eni has in place long-term natural gas supply contracts with the 
Russian company Gazprom. During 2024 supplies to Eni, which 
has regularly recognized the minimum contractual quantities, were 
effectively reduced to zero as part of various trade disputes between 
the parties. Eni, having fulfilled its contractual commitments, expects 
this situation to continue in 2025 also considering that the external 
context has not undergone any changes. In many jurisdictions, 
when a seller is divesting an oil&gas asset, decommissioning 
obligations relating to the assets sold could revert to the seller in the 
event the buyer fails to perform and satisfy those obligations when 
they become due. This contingency applies to Eni’s divestment of 
petroleum properties in Alaska to Hilcorp. In the case of the business 
combination with Ithaca, this kind of contingency is estimated to be 
remote considering the liquidity of the acquirer. In the divestment of 
the NAOC subsidiary, Eni has been relieved of any decommissioning 
or other environmental liabilities also in connection with obligations 
arisen before the disposal.
Risk factors
The following is the description of financial risks and their 
management. With reference to the issues related to credit risk, the 
parameters adopted for the determination of Expected Credit Loss 
have been updated to take into account the current energy crisis 
and the impacts associated with the conflicts between Russia and 
Ukraine and in the Middle East.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company retains liquidity reserves 
that management deems enough to meet the financial obligations 
due in the next eighteen months.
Financial risks
Financial risks are managed in respect of the guidelines issued by 
the Board of Directors of Eni SpA in its role of directing and setting 
the risk limits, targeting to align and centrally coordinate Group 
companies’ policies on financial risks (“Guidelines on financial 
risks management and control”). The “Guidelines” define for each 
financial risk the key components of the management and control 
process, such as the target of the risk management, the valuation 
methodology, the structure of limits, the relationship model and the 
hedging and mitigation instruments.
Market risk
Market risk is the possibility that changes in currency exchange 
rates, interest rates or commodity prices will adversely affect the 
value of the Group’s financial assets, liabilities or expected cash 
flows. The Company actively manages market risk in accordance 
with the aforementioned guidelines that provide a centralized 
model of handling finance, treasury and risk management 
transactions based on the Company’s departments of operational 
finance: the parent company’s (Eni SpA) finance department 
and Banque Eni SA, which is subject to certain bank regulatory 
restrictions preventing the Group’s exposure to concentrations of 
credit risk, as well as Eni Trade & Biofuels SpA and Eni Global Energy 
Markets SpA that are in charge to execute certain activities relating 
to commodity derivatives. In particular, Eni Corporate finance 
department manages Eni subsidiaries’ financing requirements, 
covering funding requirements and using available surpluses and 
the transactions concerning currencies and financial derivatives 
different from commodities of Eni, while Eni Trade & Biofuels 
SpA and Eni Global Energy Markets SpA execute the negotiation 
of commodity derivatives over the market. Eni SpA, Eni Trade & 
Biofuels SpA and Eni Global Energy Markets SpA (also through the 
subsidiary Eni Trading & Shipping Inc) perform trading activities in 
financial derivatives on external trading venues, such as European 
and non-European regulated markets, Multilateral Trading Facility 
(MTF), Organized Trading Facility (OTF), or similar brokerage 
platforms (i.e. SEF), as well as over the counter on a bilateral basis 
with external counterparties. Other legal entities belonging to Eni 
that require financial derivatives enter into these transactions 
through Eni Trade & Biofuels SpA, Eni Global Energy Markets SpA 
and Eni SpA based on the relevant asset class expertise. Eni uses 
derivative financial instruments in order to minimize exposure to 
market risks related to transactional exchange rates and interest 
rates, as well as to optimize exposure to commodity prices risk 
taking into account the currency in which commodities are 
quoted. Eni monitors that every activity in derivatives classified as 
risk-reducing is directly or indirectly related to covered industrial 
assets, so as to effectively optimize the risk profile to which Eni 
is exposed or could be exposed. If the result of the monitoring 
shows those derivatives should not be considered as risk 
reducing, these derivatives are reclassified in proprietary trading. 
As proprietary trading is considered separately from the other 
activities in specific portfolios of Eni Trade & Biofuels SpA and Eni 
Global Energy Markets SpA, their exposure is subject to specific 
controls, both in terms of Value at Risk (VaR) and stop loss and 
in terms of nominal gross value. For Eni, the gross nominal value 
of proprietary trading activities is compared with the limits set by 
the relevant international standards. The framework defined by 
Eni’s guidelines provides that the valuation and control of market 
risk is performed on the basis of maximum tolerable levels of risk 
exposure defined in terms of limits of stop loss, which expresses 
the maximum tolerable amount of losses associated with a certain 
portfolio of assets over a pre-defined time horizon, and limits 
of strategy revision, which consist in the triggering of a revision 
process of the strategy in the event of exceeding the level of profit 
and loss given and VaR, which measures the maximum potential 
loss of the portfolio, given a certain confidence level and holding 
period, assuming adverse changes in market variables and taking 
347
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into account the correlation among the different positions held 
in the portfolio. Eni’s finance department defines the maximum 
tolerable levels of risk exposure to changes in interest rates and 
foreign currency exchange rates in terms of VaR, pooling Group 
companies’ risk positions maximizing, when possible, the benefits 
of the netting activity. Eni’s calculation and valuation techniques are 
in accordance with banking standards, as established by the Basel 
Committee for bank activities surveillance. Tolerable levels of risk 
are based on a conservative approach, considering the industrial 
nature of the Company. Eni’s guidelines prescribe that Eni Group 
companies minimize such kind of market risks by transferring 
risk exposure to the parent company finance departments. Eni’s 
guidelines define rules to manage the commodity price risk 
aiming at optimizing core activities and pursuing preset targets 
of stabilizing industrial and commercial margins. The maximum 
tolerable level of risk exposure is defined in terms of VaR, limits 
of strategy revision, stop loss and volumes in connection with 
exposure deriving from commercial activities, as well as exposure 
deriving from proprietary trading, exclusively managed by Eni 
Trade & Biofuels SpA and Eni Global Energy Markets SpA. Internal 
mandates to manage the commodity price risk provide for a 
mechanism of allocation of the Group’s maximum tolerable risk 
level to each business unit. In this framework, Eni Trade & Biofuels 
SpA and Eni Global Energy Markets SpA, in addition to managing 
risk exposure associated with their own commercial activity and 
proprietary trading, pool the requests for negotiating commodity 
derivatives and execute them in the marketplace. 
According to the targets of financial structure included in the 
financial plan approved by the Board of Directors, Eni decided to 
retain a cash reserve in which the amount of strategic liquidity 
is identified, to allow for any extraordinary needs to be met. The 
reserve is managed by Eni’s finance department, with the aim 
of optimizing performance while ensuring maximum protection 
of capital and its immediate liquidity within the limits assigned. 
The management of strategic liquidity is part of the asset 
management pursued through transactions on own risk in view of 
optimizing financial returns, while respecting authorized risk levels, 
safeguarding the Company’s assets and retaining quick access to 
liquidity. The four different market risks, whose management and 
control have been summarized above, are described below.
Market risk - Exchange rate
Exchange rate risk derives from the fact that Eni’s operations 
are conducted in currencies other than euro (mainly US dollar). 
Revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies 
may be significantly affected by exchange rate fluctuations 
due to conversion differences on single transactions arising 
from the time lag existing between execution and definition of 
relevant contractual terms (economic risk) and conversion of 
foreign currency-denominated trade and financing payables and 
receivables (transactional risk). Exchange rate fluctuations affect 
the Group’s reported results and net equity as financial statements 
of subsidiaries denominated in currencies other than euro are 
translated from their functional currency into euro. Generally, an 
appreciation of US dollar versus euro has a positive impact on Eni’s 
results of operations, and vice versa. Eni’s foreign exchange risk 
management policy is to minimize transactional exposures arising 
from foreign currency movements and to optimize exposures 
arising from commodity risk. Eni does not undertake any hedging 
activity for risks deriving from the translation of foreign currency 
denominated profits or assets and liabilities of subsidiaries, which 
prepare financial statements in a currency other than euro, except 
for single transactions to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. 
Effective management of exchange rate risk is performed within 
Eni’s finance departments, which pool Group companies’ positions, 
offsetting the exposures of opposite sign arising from business 
activities involved and hedging the residual exposure in the market, 
maximizing the benefits of the netting activity. To manage the residual 
exposure, the guidelines admit different derivatives, such as swaps, 
forwards and options. Such derivatives are evaluated at fair value 
based on standard market valuation algorithms and market prices 
provided by specialized public info-providers. The VaR techniques 
are based on variance/covariance simulation models and are used 
to monitor the risk exposure arising from possible future changes in 
market values over a 24-hour period within a 99% confidence level 
and a 1-day holding period.
Market risk - Interest rate
Changes in interest rates affect the market value of financial assets 
and liabilities of the Company valued at fair value and the level of 
finance expense and income. Eni’s interest rate risk management 
policy is to minimize risk with the aim to achieve financial structure 
objectives defined and approved in management’s “Finance 
plan”. Eni’s finance departments pool borrowing requirements of 
the Group companies in order to manage net positions and fund 
portfolio developments consistent with the finance plan, thereby 
maintaining a level of risk exposure within prescribed limits. Eni 
enters into interest rate derivative transactions to effectively 
manage the balance between fixed and floating rate debt. Such 
derivatives are evaluated at fair value based on market prices 
provided from specialized sources. VaR deriving from interest rate 
exposure is measured daily based on a variance/covariance model, 
with a 99% confidence level and a 1-day holding period.
Market risk - Commodity
Price risk of commodities is identified as the possibility that 
fluctuations in the price of materials and basic products produce 
significant changes in Eni’s operating margins, determining an 
impact on the economic result such as to compromise the targets 
defined in the four-year plan and in the budget. The commodity 
price risk arises in connection with the following exposures: (i) 
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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strategic exposure: exposures directly identified by the Board of 
Directors as a result of strategic investment decisions or outside 
the planning horizon of risk management. These exposures include, 
for example, exposures associated with the program for the 
production of oil&gas reserves, long-term gas supply contracts for 
the portion not balanced by sales contracts (already stipulated or 
expected), the margin deriving from the chemical transformation 
process, the refining margin and long-term storage functional to 
the logistic-industrial activities; (ii) commercial exposure: concerns 
the exposures related to components underlying the contractual 
arrangements of industrial and commercial (contracted exposure) 
activities normally related to the time horizon of the four-year 
plan and budget, components not yet under contract but which 
will be with reasonable certainty (commitment exposure) and the 
related activities of risk management. Commercial exposures are 
characterized by a systematic risk management activity conducted 
based on risk/return assumptions by implementing one or more 
strategies and subjected to specific risk limits (VaR, revision strategy 
limits and stop loss). In particular, the commercial exposures include 
exposures subjected to asset-backed hedging activities, arising from 
the flexibility/optionality of assets; (iii) proprietary trading exposure: 
transactions carried out autonomously for speculative purposes in 
the short term and normally not aimed at delivery with the intention 
of exploiting favorable price movements, spreads and/or volatility 
implemented autonomously and carried out regardless of the 
exposures of the commercial portfolio or physical and contractual 
assets. They are usually carried out in the short term, not necessarily 
aimed at the delivery and carried out by using financial or similar 
instruments in accordance with specific limits of authorized risk 
(VaR, stop loss). Strategic risk is not subject to systematic activity of 
management/hedging that is eventually carried out only in case of 
specific market or business conditions. Because of the extraordinary 
nature, hedging activities related to strategic risks are delegated to 
the top management, previously authorized by the Board of Directors. 
With prior authorization from the Board of Directors, the exposures 
related to strategic risk can be used in combination with other 
commercial exposures in order to exploit opportunities for natural 
compensation between the risks (natural hedge) and consequently 
reduce the use of financial derivatives (by activating logics of internal 
market). With regard to exposures of a commercial nature, Eni’s risk 
management target is to optimize the “core” activities and preserve 
the economic/financial results. Eni manages the commodity price 
risk through the trading units (Eni Trade & Biofuels SpA and Eni 
Global Energy Markets SpA) and the exposure to commodity prices 
through Eni’s finance departments by using financial derivatives 
traded on the regulated markets, MTF, OTF and financial derivatives 
traded over the counter (swaps, forward, contracts for differences 
and options on commodities) with the underlying commodities 
being crude oil, gas, refined products, power or emission certificates. 
Such financial derivatives are valued at fair value based on market 
prices provided from specialized sources and based on estimates 
provided by brokers or suitable valuation techniques. VaR deriving 
from commodity exposure is measured daily based on a historical 
simulation technique, with a 95% confidence level and a 1-day 
holding period. 
Market risk - Strategic liquidity
Market risk deriving from liquidity management is identified as the 
possibility that changes in prices of financial instruments (bonds, 
money market instruments and mutual investment funds) affect 
the value of these instruments in case of sale or when they are 
valued at fair value in the financial statements. The setting up 
and maintenance of the liquidity reserve are mainly aimed to 
guarantee a proper financial flexibility. Liquidity should allow Eni to 
fund any extraordinary need (such as difficulty in access to credit, 
exogenous shock, macroeconomic environment, as well as merger 
and acquisitions) and must be dimensioned to provide a coverage 
of short-term debts and of medium and long-term finance debts 
due within a time horizon of 24 months. In order to manage the 
investment activity of the strategic liquidity, Eni defined a specific 
investment policy with aims and constraints in terms of the type 
of financial instruments that can be invested in, and operational 
boundaries, 
as 
well 
as 
governance 
guidelines 
regulating 
management and control systems. In particular, strategic liquidity 
management is regulated in terms of VaR (measured based on 
a parametrical methodology with a one-day holding period and 
a 99% confidence level), stop loss and other operating limits in 
terms of concentration, issuing entity, business segment, country 
of emission, duration, ratings and type of investing instruments in 
portfolio, aimed to minimize market and liquidity risks. Financial 
leverage or short selling is not allowed. As of 31 December 2024, 
the average rating of the Strategic liquidity investment portfolio 
was A/A-, in line compared to the end of 2023.
The following tables show amounts in terms of VaR, recorded in 
2024 (compared with 2023), relating to interest rate and exchange 
rate risks in the first section and commodity price risk (aggregated 
by type of exposure). Regarding the management of strategic 
liquidity, the table reports the sensitivity to changes in interest rate.
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2024
2023
(€ million)
High
Low
Average
At year 
end
High
Low
Average
At year 
 end
Interest rate(a)
13.03
3.92
5.95
7.50
7.26
0.90
2.30
1.32
Exchange rate(a) 
5.47
0.07
1.65
0.69
0.62
0.04
0.21
0.33
(a) Value at risk deriving from interest and exchange rates exposures includes the following finance departments: Eni Corporate Finance Department and Banque Eni SA. Value in 2023 is calculated with: holding period: 20 
days; confidence level: 99%.
2024
2023
(€ million)
High
Low
Average
At year 
end
High
Low
Average
At year 
 end
Commercial exposures - Management Portfolio(a)
69.66
6.20
24.10
6.32
257.89
6.38
55.35
6.71
Trading(b)
1.74
0.21
0.53
0.31
1.53
0.05
0.43
0.21
(a) Refers to Global Gas & LNG Portfolio business area, Power Generation & Marketing, REVT, Plenitude, Eni Trading & Biofuels, Eni Global Energy Markets (commercial portfolio). VaR is calculated on the so-called Statutory view, with 
a time horizon that coincides with the year considering all the volumes delivered in the year and the relevant financial hedging derivatives. Consequently, during the year the VaR pertaining to GGP, Power G&M, REVT and Plenitude 
during the year presents a decreasing trend following the progressive reaching of the maturity of the positions within the annual horizon.
(b) Cross-commodity proprietary trading, through financial instruments, refers to Eni Trading & Biofuels SpA and Eni Global Energy Markets SpA and Eni Trading & Shipping Inc.
2024
2023
(€ million)
High
Low
Average
At year 
end
High
Low
Average
At year 
 end
Strategic liquidity - € Portfolio
0.60
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.22
0.13
0.18
0.19
2024
2023
($ million)
High
Low
Average
At year 
end
High
Low
Average
At year 
 end
Strategic liquidity - US dollar Portfolio
0.20
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.12
0.04
0.08
0.11
(Value at risk - Parametric method variance/covariance; holding period: 1 day; confidence level: 99%)
(Value at risk - Historic simulation method; holding period: 1 day; confidence level: 95%) 
(Sensitivity - Dollar value of 1 basis point - DVBP) 
(Sensitivity - Dollar value of 1 basis point - DVBP) 
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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Credit risk
Credit risk is the potential exposure of the Group to losses in case 
counterparties fail to fulfill obligations. Eni defined credit risk 
management policies consistent with the nature and characteristics 
of the counterparties of commercial and financial transactions 
regarding the centralized finance model. The Company adopted a 
model to quantify and control the credit risk based on the evaluation 
of the expected credit loss which represents the probability of default 
and the capacity to recover credits in default that is estimated through 
the so-called Loss Given Default. In the credit risk management and 
control model, credit exposures are distinguished by commercial 
nature, in relation to sales contracts on commodities related to 
Eni’s businesses, and by financial nature, in relation to the financial 
instruments used by Eni, such as deposits, derivatives and real estate 
securities.
Credit risk for commercial exposures
Credit risk arising from commercial counterparties is managed 
by the business units and by the specialized corporate finance 
and dedicated administration departments and is operated 
based on formal procedures for the assessment of commercial 
counterparties, the monitoring of credit exposures, credit recovery 
activities and disputes. At a corporate level, the general guidelines 
and methodologies for quantifying and controlling customer’s risk 
are defined, in particular the riskiness of commercial counterparties 
is assessed through an internal rating model that combines different 
default factors deriving from economic variables, financial indicators, 
payment experiences and information from specialized primary info 
providers. The probability of default related to State Entities or their 
closely related counterparties (e.g. National Oil Company), essentially 
represented by the probability of late payments, is determined by 
using the Country risk premiums adopted for the purposes of the 
determination of the WACCs for the impairment of non-financial 
assets. Finally, for retail positions without specific ratings, risk is 
determined by distinguishing customers in homogeneous risk 
clusters based on historical series of data relating to payments, 
periodically updated.
Credit risk for financial exposures
With regard to credit risk arising from financial counterparties 
essentially deriving from current and strategic use of liquidity and 
derivative contracts, Eni has established internal policies providing 
exposure control and concentration through maximum credit risk 
limits corresponding to different classes of financial counterparties 
based on ratings provided for by primary credit rating agencies. 
Credit risk arising from financial counterparties is managed by the 
Eni’s operating finance departments, Eni Global Energy Markets 
SpA, Eni Trade & Biofuels SpA and Eni Trading & Shipping Inc 
specifically for commodity derivatives transactions consistently 
with the Group centralized finance model. Eligible financial 
counterparties are closely monitored by each counterpart and by 
group of belonging to check exposures against the limits assigned 
daily and the Expected Credit Loss analysis and the concentration 
periodically.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that suitable sources of funding for the 
Group may not be available, or the Group is unable to sell its assets 
in the marketplace. Such a situation would negatively affect Group 
results, as it would result in the Company incurring higher borrowing 
expenses to meet its obligations or under the worst of conditions 
the inability of the Company to continue as a going concern. Eni’s 
risk management targets include the maintaining of an adequate 
level of financial resources readily available to deal with external 
shocks (drastic changes in the scenario, restrictions on access to 
capital markets, etc.) or to ensure an adequate level of operational 
flexibility for the development projects of the Company. The strategic 
liquidity reserve is employed in short-term marketable financial 
assets, favoring investments with a very low risk profile. At present, 
the Group believes to have access to more than sufficient funding 
to meet the current foreseeable borrowing requirements due to 
available cash on hand financial assets and borrowing facilities and 
the access to a wide range of funding opportunities which can be 
activated through the credit system and capital markets.
Due to the continuing volatility of commodity markets and the 
related financial commitment linked to the margin of commodity 
derivatives, Eni consolidated its financial flexibility achieved in the 
last years through the activation of liquidity swaps in addition to new 
financing lines acquired. 
Eni has in place a program for the issuance of Euro Medium Term 
Notes up to €20 billion, of which €15.3 billion were drawn as of 
December 31, 2024. 
The Group has credit ratings of A- outlook Negative and A-2, 
respectively, for long and short-term debt, assigned by Standard & 
Poor’s; Baa1 outlook Stable and P-2, respectively, for long and short-
term debt, assigned by Moody’s; A- outlook Stable and F1, respectively 
for long and short-term debt, assigned by Fitch. Eni’s credit rating 
is linked, in addition to the Company’s industrial fundamentals and 
trends in the trading environment, to the sovereign credit rating of 
Italy. Based on the methodologies used by the credit rating agencies, 
a downgrade of Italy’s credit rating may trigger a potential knock-on 
effect on the credit rating of Italian issuers such as Eni. During 2024 
Standard & Poor’s revised Eni’s outlook from Stable to Negative.
During 2024, Eni extended its Euro Commercial Paper program from 
€4 billion to €6 billion. As of December 31, 2024, available committed 
borrowing facilities amounted to €9 billion.
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Maturity year
(€ million)
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030 and 
thereafter
Total
December 31, 2024
Financial liabilities
8,370
2,410
2,815
5,568
2,018
8,916
30,097
Lease liabilities
1,261
781
663
572
468
2,688
6,433
Fair value of derivative instruments
1,921
31
6
48
4
64
2,074
11,552
3,222
3,484
6,188
2,490
11,668
38,604
Interest on finance debt
880
705
661
552
369
2,786
5,953
Interest on lease liabilities
336
284
248
212
184
708
1,972
1,216
989
909
764
553
3,494
7,925
Financial guarantees
1,106
1,106
Maturity year
(€ million)
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029 and 
thereafter
Total
December 31, 2023
Financial liabilities
7,432
2,689
3,219
2,611
5,520
7,780
29,251
Lease liabilities
1,120
691
476
399
364
2,270
5,320
Fair value of derivative instruments
2,414
21
40
5
37
50
2,567
10,966
3,401
3,735
3,015
5,921
10,100
37,138
Interest on finance debt
738
676
572
496
389
804
3,675
Interest on lease liabilities
269
221
188
167
148
668
1,661
1,007
897
760
663
537
1,472
5,336
Financial guarantees
1,114
1,114
The table below summarizes the Group main contractual obligations for finance debt and lease liability repayments, including expected 
payments for interest charges and liabilities for derivative financial instruments.
Liabilities for leased assets including interest charges for €925 million (€741 million at December 31, 2023) pertained to the share of joint 
operators participating in unincorporated joint operation operated by Eni which will be recovered through a partner-billing process.
EXPECTED PAYMENTS FOR FINANCIAL DEBTS, LEASE LIABILITIES, TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES
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Maturity year
(€ million)
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030 and 
thereafter
Total
Decommissioning liabilities(a)
918
614
577
572
779
11,009
14,469
Environmental liabilities
743
603
457
361
354
1,220
3,738
Purchase obligations(b) 
22,828
20,864
16,216
14,503
12,108
58,558
145,077
- Gas
. take-or-pay contracts 
20,015
19,672
15,800
14,170
11,970
58,247
139,874
. ship-or-pay contracts 
683
514
331
329
135
286
2,278
- Other purchase obligations
2,130
678
85
4
3
25
2,925
Other obligations
11
7
18
- Memorandum of intent - Val d’Agri 
11
7
18
Total(c)
24,500
22,088
17,250
15,436
13,241
70,787
163,302
(a) Represents the estimated future costs for the decommissioning of oil and natural gas production facilities at the end of the production life of fields, well-plugging, removal of the structures and site restoration.
(b) Represents any agreement to purchase goods or services that is enforceable and legally binding. For take-or-pay contracts with Gazprom, please refer to the section “Other commitments and risks”.
(c) Expected payments under contractual obligations comprises obligations for site abandonment and restoration costs directly associated with assets held for sale for €155 million.
In addition to lease, financial, trade and other liabilities represented 
in the balance sheet, the Company is subject to non-cancellable 
contractual obligations or obligations, the cancellation of which 
requires the payment of a penalty. These obligations will require cash 
settlements in future reporting periods. These liabilities are valued 
based on the net cost for the company to fulfill the contract, which 
consists of the lowest amount between the costs for the fulfillment 
of the contractual obligation and the contractual compensation/
penalty in the event of non-performance. 
The Company’s main contractual obligations at the balance sheet 
date comprise take-or-pay clauses contained in the Company’s 
gas supply contracts or shipping arrangements, whereby the 
Company obligations consist of off-taking minimum quantities of 
EXPECTED PAYMENTS UNDER CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS23
product or service or, in case of failure, paying the corresponding 
cash amount that entitles the Company the right to collect the 
product or the service in future years. The amounts due were 
calculated on the basis of the assumptions for gas prices and 
services included in the four-year industrial plan approved by 
the Company’s management and for subsequent years on the 
basis of management’s long-term assumptions. The table below 
summarizes the Group principal contractual obligations for the 
main existing contractual obligations as of the balance sheet 
date, shown on an undiscounted basis. Amounts expected to 
be paid in 2025 for decommissioning oil&gas assets and for 
remediation activities are based on management’s estimates and 
do not represent financial obligations at the closing date.
(23) Contractual obligations related to employee benefits are indicated in note 22 - Provisions for employee benefits.
Maturity year
(€ million)
2025
2026-2029
2030 and 
thereafter
Total
December 31, 2024
Trade payables
15,170
15,170
Other payables and advances
6,922
59
121
7,102
22,092
59
121
22,272
Maturity year
(€ million)
2024
2025-2028
2029 and 
thereafter
Total
December 31, 2023
Trade payables
14,231
14,231
Other payables and advances
6,423
50
104
6,577
20,654
50
104
20,808
The table below presents the timing of the expenditures for trade and other payables.
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Maturity year
(€ million)
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029 and 
thereafter
Total
Committed projects 
7,674
5,896
3,579
2,280
174
19,603
In the next four years, Eni expects capital investments and 
capital expenditures of €33 billion. The table below summarizes 
Eni’s full-life capital expenditure commitments for property, 
plant and equipment and capital projects at the closing date. A 
project is considered to be committed when it has received the 
appropriate level of internal management approval and for which 
procurement contracts have usually already been awarded or are 
being awarded. 
The amounts shown in the table below include committed 
expenditures to execute certain environmental projects.
2024
2023
Carrying 
amount
Income (expense) recognized in
Carrying 
amount
Income (expense) recognized in
(€ million)
Profit and 
loss account
OCI
Profit and 
loss account
OCI
Financial instruments at fair value with effects recognized  
in profit and loss account
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss(a)
6,797
388
6,782
284
Non-hedging and trading derivatives(b)
(1,119)
(73)
837
417
Other investments valued at fair value(c)
1,395
227
62
1,256
255
45
Receivables and payables and other assets/liabilities  
valued at amortized cost
Trade receivables and other(d)
17,753
(106)
17,054
(285)
Financing receivables(e)
4,238
233
3,136
141
Securities(a)
62
1
61
1
Trade payables and other(a)
22,273
(153)
20,808
69
Financing payables(f)
30,390
(1,176)
28,729
(734)
Net assets (liabilities) for hedging derivatives(g)
7
(95)
(912)
(35)
(442)
541
(a) Income or expense were recognized in the profit and loss account within “Finance income (expense)”.
(b) In the profit and loss account, economic effects were recognized as loss within “Other operating income (loss)” for €352 million (income for €478 million in 2023) and in the “Finance income (expense)”.
(c) Income or expense were recognized in the profit and loss account within “Income (expense) from investments - Dividends”.
(d) Income or expense were recognized in the profit and loss account as net impairments within “Net (impairments) reversals of trade and other receivables” for €168 million (net impairments for €249 million in 2023) and as 
income within “Finance income (expense)” for €62 million (expense for €36 million in 2023), including interest income calculated on the basis of the effective interest rate of €27 million (interest income for €15 million in 2023).
(e) In the profit and loss account, income or expense were recognized as income within “Finance income (expense)”, including interest income calculated on the basis of the effective interest rate of €175 million (interest income 
for €144 million in 2023) and net impairments for €22 million (net impairments for €6 million in 2023).
(f) In the profit and loss account, income or expense were recognized as expense within “Finance income (expense)”, including interest expense calculated on the basis of the effective interest rate of €897 million (interest 
expense for €743 million in 2023).
(g) In the profit and loss account, income or expense were recognized within “Sales from operations”, “Purchase, services and other” and “Finance income (expense)”.
OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
CAPITAL INVESTMENT AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURE COMMITMENT
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(€ million)
Gross amount 
of financial assets 
and liabilities
Gross amount 
of financial assets and liabilities 
subject to offsetting
Net amount of 
financial assets 
and liabilities
December 31, 2024
Financial assets
Trade and other receivables
21,330
4,429
16,901
Other current assets
5,182
1,520
3,662
Other non-current assets
4,012
1
4,011
Financial liabilities
Trade and other liabilities
26,521
4,429
22,092
Other current liabilities
6,569
1,520
5,049
Other non-current liabilities
4,450
1
4,449
December 31, 2023
Financial assets
Trade and other receivables
19,936
3,385
16,551
Other current assets
8,525
2,888
5,637
Other non-current assets
3,400
7
3,393
Financial liabilities
Trade and other liabilities
24,039
3,385
20,654
Other current liabilities
8,467
2,888
5,579
Other non-current liabilities
4,103
7
4,096
The offsetting of financial assets and liabilities related to: (i) receivables 
and payables pertaining to the Exploration & Production segment 
towards State entities for €4,429 million (€3,385 million at December 
DISCLOSURES ABOUT THE OFFSETTING OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
31, 2023); (ii) other current and non-current assets and liabilities for 
derivative financial instruments of €1,508 million (€2,895 million at 
December 31, 2023) and other assets and liabilities for €13 million.
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Legal Proceedings
Eni is a party in a number of civil actions and administrative 
arbitral and other judicial proceedings arising in the ordinary 
course of business. Based on information available to date, taking 
into account the existing risk provisions disclosed in note 21 - 
Provisions and that in some instances it is not possible to make 
a reliable estimate of contingency losses, Eni believes that the 
foregoing will likely not have a material adverse effect on the Group 
Consolidated Financial Statements.
In addition to proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business 
referred to above, Eni is party to other proceedings, and a description 
of the most significant proceedings currently pending is provided in 
the following paragraphs. Generally, and unless otherwise indicated, 
these legal proceedings have not been provisioned because Eni 
believes a negative outcome to be unlikely or because the amount of 
the provision cannot be estimated reliably.
1. 	
ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY
1.1	
Criminal proceedings in the matters  
of environment, health and safety
(i)	
Eni Rewind SpA - Crotone omitted clean-up. In April 2017, the 
Public Prosecutor of Crotone initiated a criminal case relating 
to reclamation activities at the Crotone site. Meanwhile, the 
new clean-up project presented by the Company POB phase 
2 was approved by the Italian Ministry for the Environment. 
By a court order of January 10, 2022, the judge of the 
preliminary hearing of Crotone ordered the performing of 
an independent technical assessment on the environmental 
status of the site which ascertained that Eni Rewind had 
carried out the environmental activities in its own areas in 
compliance with the granted authorizations. A decision of 
the Public Prosecutor is awaiting following the filing of this 
supplementary consultancy.
(ii)	 Eni Rewind SpA  -  Illegal landfill in Minciaredda area, Porto 
Torres site. In 2015, the Public Prosecutor of Sassari had 
initiated a criminal case for alleged crimes of unauthorized 
landfill management and environmental disaster concerning 
the landfill area, near the western border of the Porto 
Torres site (Minciaredda area), managed by Eni Rewind 
which was charged of being liable pursuant to Legislative 
Decree No. 231/01. This decree states the responsibility of 
legal entities for the crimes committed by their employees 
acting on behalf of them. The remediation and clean-up plan 
of the site filed by Eni Rewind was granted the necessary 
administrative authorization in July 2018. Upon conclusion 
of the investigations, the judge of the preliminary hearing 
resolved that the natural persons allegedly liable of the 
environmental crimes and the legal entity would stand trial. 
The court also resolved that Eni Rewind would be sued for 
civil liability. The region of Sardegna and other territorial 
administrations and NGOs were admitted in the proceeding 
as civil plaintiffs. Subsequently, Eni Rewind was acquitted 
due to the inability to proceed with the action against it 
pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01 and definitively 
excluded from the criminal trial.
In the context of the criminal proceedings against the 
managers of Eni Rewind, however, on November 13, 2022, 
the Court of Sassari pronounced an acquittal sentence for 
the non-existence of the crime of illegal waste and for not 
having committed the crime of environmental disaster.
Due to the effects of the acquittal, the damage compensation 
claimed by the civil parties against the defendants and Eni 
Rewind were rejected. Since the public prosecutor and the 
civil parties have filed an appeal against the first instance 
sentence, the judgement is still pending against the Second 
Instance Court.
(iii) Raffineria di Gela SpA and Eni Mediterranea Idrocarburi 
SpA - Alleged environmental disaster. A criminal proceeding 
is pending in relation to crimes allegedly committed by the 
managers of the Raffineria di Gela SpA and Eni Mediterranea 
Idrocarburi SpA relating to environmental disaster, unauthorized 
waste disposal and unauthorized spill of industrial wastewater. 
The Raffineria di Gela SpA has been prosecuted for administrative 
offence pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01. This criminal 
proceeding initially regarded soil pollution allegedly caused by 
spills from 14 tanks of the refinery storage, which had not been 
provided with double bottoms, and pollution of the sea water 
near the coastal area adjacent to the site due to the failure of 
the barrier system implemented as part of the clean-up activities 
conducted at the site. The Public Prosecutor of Gela then 
merged into this proceeding the other investigations related to 
the pollution that occurred at the other sites of the Gela refinery 
as well as hydrocarbon spills at facilities of Eni Mediterranea 
Idrocarburi SpA. A first instance acquittal was issued in favor of 
the defendants and the Company.
(iv)	
Eni SpA - Val d’Agri. In March 2016, the Public Prosecutors 
of Potenza started a criminal investigation into alleged 
illegal handling of waste material produced at the Viggiano 
oil center (COVA), part of the Eni operated Val d’Agri oil 
complex. The Prosecutors ordered the house arrest of 5 
Eni employees and the seizure of certain plants functional 
to the production activity of the Val d’Agri complex which, 
consequently, was shut down. From the commencement of 
the investigation, Eni has carried out several technical and 
environmental surveys, with the support of independent 
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experts of international standing, who found a full 
compliance of the plant and the industrial process with the 
requirements of the applicable laws, as well as with best 
available technologies and international best practices. 
The Company implemented certain corrective measures 
to upgrade plants which were intended to address the 
claims made by the Public Prosecutor about an alleged 
operation of blending which would have occurred during 
normal plant functioning. Those corrective measures were 
favorably reviewed by the Public Prosecutor. The Company 
restarted the plant in August 2016. In relation to the criminal 
proceeding, the Public Prosecutor’s Office requested the 
indictment of all the defendants for alleged illegal trafficking 
of waste, violation of the prohibition of mixing waste, 
unauthorized management of waste and other violations, 
and the Company for administrative offenses pursuant to 
Legislative Decree No. 231/01. The trial started in November 
2017. At the conclusion of the preliminary hearings, the 
Court of Potenza, on March 10, 2021, acquitted all the 
defendants in relation to the allegation of false statements 
in an administrative deed, while in relation to the alleged 
administrative offenses, the Court found that there was no 
need to proceed due to the statute of limitations. Finally, in 
relation to the alleged crime of illegal trafficking of waste, 
the Court acquitted two former employees of the Southern 
District for not having committed the crime, convicted six 
former officials of the same District with suspension of the 
sentence and sentenced Eni pursuant to Legislative Decree 
No. 231/01 to pay a fine of €700,000, with the contextual 
confiscation of a sum of €44,248,071 deemed to constitute 
the unfair profit obtained from the crime, from which Eni will 
deduct the amount incurred for the plant upgrade carried 
out in 2016. Following the filing of the merits of the sentence 
by the Court, an appeal was promptly filed against all the 
condemnations. The appeal proceedings are underway.
(v)	
Eni SpA -  Val d’Agri - Tank spill. In February 2017, following 
the detection of an oil leak from one of the tanks of the 
COVA, a criminal proceeding for alleged environmental 
disaster was commenced against some former COVA 
officers, the Operation Managers in charge since 2011 and 
the HSE Manager in charge at the time of the accident. Eni 
was investigated too, in relation to the same alleged crimes 
pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01. In the same year, 
the Company promptly equipped all COVA tanks with double 
bottoms, complied with all regulatory requirements, carried 
out all necessary remediation and safety measures to ensure 
continuity of oil activities, after a brief shutdown, and provided 
compensation for damages to all the landlords of areas close 
to the COVA, which were affected by a spillover. 
The Public Prosecutor, at the conclusion of the preliminary 
investigations, required the indictment for the employees 
and for Eni pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01. At 
the outcome of the preliminary hearing the judge issued a 
sentence not to prosecute the Company for the events up 
to 2015 because the fact was not envisaged by the law as 
a crime to claim a legal entity liable for. With reference to 
the events subsequent to 2015, the judge acknowledged 
the nullity of the request for indictment, thus returning the 
documents to the Public Prosecutor.
Finally, the judge of the preliminary hearing approved to put 
on trial two Eni employees before the Court of Potenza, with 
the allegation of unnamed disaster. Several parties filed an 
application to bring a civil action and, pending assessment 
of the requests for exclusion presented by the defense with 
respect to the latter, the Court issued a summons decree 
from Eni, as civilly liable and Eni duly reconstituted itself. The 
two proceedings against natural persons - i.e., the ordinary 
trial and the immediate trial - were then combined by the 
Court into a single trial, currently pending in the initial phase. 
As regards, the Company as an entity pursuant to 
Legislative Decree No. 231/01, the Public Prosecutor 
issued a new request for indictment, at the end of which 
the judge ordered the judgment against Eni SpA. The 
Court annulled this decree due to the indeterminacy of the 
indictment against the Company, returning the documents 
to the judge of  preliminary hearing.
(vi) 
Raffineria di Gela SpA and Eni Mediterranea Idrocarburi 
SpA -  Waste management of the landfill Camastra. In June 
2018, the Public Prosecutor of Palermo (Sicily) notified Eni’s 
subsidiaries Raffineria di Gela SpA and Eni Mediterranea 
Idrocarburi SpA of a criminal proceeding relating to 
allegations of unlawful disposal of industrial waste resulting 
from the reclaiming activities of soil, which were discharged 
at a landfill owned by a third party. The Prosecutor charged 
the then chief executive officers of the two subsidiaries, 
and the legal entities have been charged with the liability 
pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01. The alleged 
wrongdoing related to the willful falsification of the waste 
certification for purpose of discharging at the landfill. The 
charges against the CEO of the Refinery of Gela SpA and 
the company itself were dismissed, while a request to put 
on trial the CEO of Eni Mediterranea Idrocarburi SpA and 
the company was approved. The proceeding is in progress 
before the Court of Agrigento, to which the proceeding has 
been transferred due to territorial jurisdiction.
(vii) Versalis SpA - Preventive seizure at the Priolo Gargallo 
plant. In February 2019, the Court of Syracuse at the 
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request of the Public Prosecutor of Siracusa ordered the 
seizure of the Priolo/Gargallo plant as part of an ongoing 
investigation concerning the offenses of dangerous 
disposal of materials and environmental pollution, by the 
former plant manager of Priolo, as well as of Versalis, 
pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01. The Public 
Prosecutor’s thesis, according to the consultants, is that 
the seized plants had points of emissions that do not 
comply with the Best Available Techniques (BAT), therefore 
resulting in violation of the applicable legislation, which 
determined the annulment of the seizure of the plants in 
March 2019, evaluating the plant improvements made by 
Versalis even before the seizure. In March 2021, a notice 
of conclusion of the preliminary investigations was thus 
notified, with the formulation by the Public Prosecutor of 
the allegations already previously stated. At present there 
is no news of further procedural developments.
(viii) Versalis SpA - Seizure of the treatment plant managed by IAS 
SpA - Priolo Gargallo. By the end of February 2022, the Public 
Prosecutor of Syracuse commenced a proceeding relating 
to alleged crimes of environmental disaster and violation of 
the legislation on discharges in relation to the industrial waste 
discharge system of the Versalis plant at the Priolo treatment 
plant managed by IAS SpA against two former directors of 
the Versalis plant in Priolo, as well as an employee of Versalis, 
having then a managerial role in Priolo Servizi. 
The legal entities Versalis, Priolo Servizi and the other co-
located companies were under investigation pursuant to 
Legislative Decree 231/01.
On June 15, 2022, the Judge for Preliminary Investigations 
ordered the seizure of the reclamation plant and the 
shareholding of IAS SpA, with the appointment of a judicial 
administrator of the assets subject to seizure. Subsequently, 
the investigations were enlarged to the current manager of 
the Versalis Plant and to the CEO of Priolo Servizi, who was 
an employee of Versalis SpA. Versalis SpA challenged the 
‘Integrated Environmental Authorization’ (“AIA”) issued to 
IAS before the Regional Administrative Court of Catania 
only for the part in which the provision is interpreted as 
imposing new and different limits on discharge, compared 
to those contained in the authorizations originally granted 
to the Eni’s subsidiary. In the meantime, the AIA issued 
for the management of the reclamation plant by IAS has 
been suspended by the Region of Sicily. Versalis therefore 
challenged before the TAR the provision to initiate a review 
of its AIA and, with a separate appeal, the provision of 
suspension of the AIA of IAS by the Region of Sicily. At the 
same time, the Public Prosecutor of Syracuse raised the 
question before the Third Instance Court which, following 
the hearing on May 7, 2024, declared the constitutional 
illegitimacy of the provision in the part in which it does 
not provide for the measures indicated therein to apply 
for a period of time not exceeding thirty-six months. A 
proceeding is pending before the Court of Rome relating to 
the authorization to continue the production activity. The 
proceeding was transferred to the Third Instance Court and 
Versalis also appealed. Meanwhile, the criminal proceeding 
is ongoing.
(ix)	
Eni SpA - Fatal accident Ancona offshore platform. On 
March 5, 2019, a fatal accident occurred at the Barbara F 
platform offshore of Ancona that resulted in the death of 
an Eni employee and the injury of two contractors. Two 
contract workers and the family of the Eni employee were all 
fully compensated. As part of the technical assessment of 
the incident, the Public Prosecutor of Ancona resolved to put 
under investigation two Eni employees. Also, the Company 
was put under investigation as entity liable pursuant to 
Legislative Decree No. 231/01, and two employees of the 
contractor company engaged in the work. At the outcome 
of the preliminary hearing, the Judge ordered the indictment 
for all the defendants and Eni. The proceeding is currently 
pending in the preliminary hearing phase.
(x) 
Raffineria di Gela SpA and Eni Rewind SpA - Groundwater 
pollution survey and reclamation process of the Gela site. 
Following complaints made by former contractors, the Public 
Prosecutor of Gela commenced a proceeding for allegations 
of environmental pollution, omitted clean-up, negligent 
personal injury and illegal waste management in the area 
of the Gela refinery, as part of the execution of clean-up of 
soil and groundwater as well as decommissioning activities 
in the area currently managed by Eni Rewind SpA, also on 
behalf of the companies Raffineria di Gela SpA, ISAF SpA (in 
liquidation) and Versalis SpA with respect to the efficiency and 
efficacy of the barrier system. The Public Prosecutor carried 
out various checks and investigations, and then proceeded 
with a preventive seizure, with reference to the plants used 
for the remediation of the site’s underground water currently 
managed by Eni Rewind as well as the plant areas intended 
for the implementation of the groundwater remediation 
project. A judicial administrator was appointed to manage 
those facilities.
The judicial administrator filed an initial technical report 
in which he confirmed that the clean-up activities were 
being executed in compliance with the legislation and with 
a series of implementation improvements by the company 
in agreement with other parties in charge. The Public 
Prosecutor’s Office also issued a summon decree. On 
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January 29, 2025, following the first-instance hearing, the 
Court of Gela issued a sentence of acquittal “because the fact 
does not exist” against all the defendants, simultaneously 
ordering the revocation of the seizure and the appointment 
of the judicial administrator.
(xi)	
Eni Rewind SpA and Versalis SpA - Mantua. Environmental 
crime investigation. With regard to the Mantua site, where 
the company is executing duly authorized environmental 
activities, in August and September 2020, the Public 
Prosecutor notified the conclusion of a preliminary 
investigation relating to several criminal proceedings. 
Several employees of the Eni’s subsidiaries Versalis SpA 
and Eni Rewind SpA as well as of a third-party company 
Edison SpA were notified of being under investigation. 
Furthermore, the above-mentioned legal entities were being 
investigated pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01. The 
Public Prosecutor is alleging, with respect to some specific 
areas related to the Mantua industrial hub, the crimes of 
unauthorized waste management, environmental damage 
and pollution, omitted communication of environmental 
contamination and omitted clean-up. Following the filing 
of defense briefs addressed to the investigating authority, 
the case has been dismissed against some individuals and 
archived. The Public Prosecutor’s Office then requested 
the indictment of the remaining defendants. During the 
Preliminary Hearing, the MITE, the Province of Mantua, 
the Municipality of Mantua and Mincio Regional Park 
were allowed in the trial as plaintiffs, while the companies 
Eni Rewind, Versalis and Edison were instead sued as 
civil parties and therefore they appeared in court. The 
Preliminary Hearing Phase ended with the provision of GUP, 
which ordered the indictment of all the defendants and of 
the abovementioned companies, with the exception of a 
former employee of Versalis and of two Edison employees. 
The proceeding is pending on the trial phase.
(xii)	 Eni SpA R&M Depot of Civitavecchia - Criminal 
proceedings for groundwater pollution. In the period in 
which Eni was in charge of the Civitavecchia storage hub 
(2008-2018), pending the approval of a characterization 
plan of the environmental status of the site, the Company, 
in coordination with public authorities, adopted measures 
to preserve the safety of the groundwaters and to pursue 
the clean-up process of the site until its disposal.
The Public Prosecutor of Civitavecchia contested, among 
others, the former manager of the Eni fuel storage hub of 
Civitavecchia, the alleged crime of environmental pollution. 
Eni is under investigation pursuant to Legislative Decree 
No. 231/01. The first instance proceeding is underway.
(xiii) Eni SpA R&M Genoa Pegli storage hub - Criminal proceeding 
for crude oil spill - September 2022. Following a crude oil 
spill that occurred at the Genoa Pegli depot on September 
27, 2022, the Public Prosecutor’s Office of Genoa instituted 
criminal proceedings for the alleged crime of culpable 
environmental disaster, charged against four Eni employees, 
while the Company is charged with an administrative offense 
pursuant Legislative Decree No. 231/01. The proceeding is 
pending in the preliminary investigation phase.
(xiv) Sannazzaro Refinery - Proceeding in relation to alleged 
criminal environmental pollution and discharge - Public 
Prosecutor’s Office of Pavia. A criminal proceeding is 
pending for alleged crimes of environmental pollution and 
lack of remediation against some pro-tempore directors 
and HSE managers of the refinery located at Sannazzaro 
de’ Burgondi who are under investigation, as well as Eni 
SpA pursuant to the Legislative Decree no. 231/2001, in 
relation to the alleged crime of environmental pollution on 
site, with a seizure of the sewage treatment plant (TAE), 
and possible expansion of the area affected by possible 
pollution beyond the site’s hydraulic barriers.
On November 28, 2023, the TAE plant was released 
from seizure. The Prosecutor’s Office has ordered three 
unrepeatable technical investigations, during which further 
complaints regarding further environmental complaints. At 
the conclusion of the preliminary investigation phase, the 
allegations raised were confirmed.
(xv) Eni SpA - Pomezia depot - Involuntary environmental 
pollution. A criminal proceeding is ongoing concerning an 
alleged crime of pollution of the groundwater underlying 
the fuel depot in Pomezia attributable, according to the 
indictment, to product leaks from the tanks.
The Public Prosecutor’s Office has appointed its consultants 
to carry out a technical review of the site to verify the state 
of environmental contaminations at the tanks. As a result of 
these assessments, two Eni’s employees as well as Eni SpA 
pursuant to Legislative Decree no. 231/01 were notified of 
being under investigation for the alleged crime. Subsequently, 
the Public Prosecutor issued a request for indictment and, 
following the preliminary hearing, the trial was issued. The 
proceeding is pending at the stage of initiation of the first 
instance judgement.
(xvi) Eni SpA - Calenzano depot - Explosion. The proceeding 
concerns the fatal accident which caused the death of five 
contractors of Eni due to an explosion occurred during the 
carrying out of operations at the fuel storage site in Calenzano 
(Florence) on December 9, 2024, and the consequential 
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order of seizure of the site from the Judicial authorities. The 
proceeding was initially charged against unknown persons 
for aggravated multiple involuntary manslaughter, willful 
omission of precautions against accidents at work and 
unnamed disaster. The Public Prosecutor’s Office appointed 
a pool of technical consultants to ascertain dynamics and 
causes of the event and identify any responsibilities and, in 
the course of the investigations carried out so far, several 
perquisitions were executed with the acquisition of all the 
requested documentation, spontaneously delivered by 
the Company. Recently, the Public Prosecutor’s Office has 
notified a notice of investigation against the Employer and 
Manager of the Calenzano storage hub and other Managers 
and operators of technical operational areas related to the 
activities of the site, as well as two employees of a supplier, 
for the alleged crime of complicity in multiple involuntary 
manslaughter, complicity in multiple negligent personal 
injuries and complicity in unnamed negligent disaster, 
as well as against Eni SpA pursuant to Legislative Decree 
231/01. At the same time, the Public Prosecutor’s Office 
has requested a probatory incident from the Judge for 
Preliminary Investigations to carry out an expert assessment. 
The Company is collecting all requests for compensation 
in relation to any material and non-material damage that 
has occurred for their settlement, regardless of any aspect 
of the merits of the matter. A provision has been accrued 
considering a preliminary estimate of the damages resulting 
from the event. The case is still pending in the preliminary 
investigation phase.
.
1.2	
Civil and administrative proceedings in the 
matters of environment, health, safety and 
antitrust
(i) 
Republic of Kazakhstan / Eni SpA, Agip Karachaganak BV et al. 
The Republic of Kazakhstan (“Rok”) promoted an international 
arbitration against the consortium of international oil 
companies that manage the Karachaganak fields, pursuant 
to the Final Production Sharing Agreement which governs 
the project activities (Eni’s share 29.25%). Rok is claiming a 
revision of the cost recovery of the companies in the period 
2010-2020 and formally started the proceedings in March 
2023 with the appointment of an arbitrator. In April 2024, Rok 
presented its statements of claim, and the proceeding is now 
underway. Eni is evaluating the merit of these requests and 
therefore it is not possible to reliably estimate the outcome of 
the proceedings. 
(ii) 
Republic of Kazakhstan/ Agip Caspian Sea BV et al. 
The Republic of Kazakhstan (“Rok”) promoted a further 
international arbitration, pursuant to the North Caspian 
Sea Production Sharing Agreement “NCSPSA” against the 
Contractor (Eni’s share 16.67%). The Claims advanced by the 
Republic refer to alleged violations of the NCSPSA, including 
cost recovery exceptions and failure to pursue development 
opportunities. The proceeding is ongoing; Eni is continuing 
to evaluate the merit of the arbitration claims in light of the 
available investigative evidence and, therefore, it is not possible 
to estimate the outcome of the proceedings
(iii)	
Administrative proceeding - Novamont. In 2024, the Italian 
Competition and Market Authority (ACGM) initiated a proceeding 
against Novamont SpA, notifying its parent company Eni SpA for 
alleged abuse of a dominant position in the bioplastics market. 
In February 2025, AGCM sent the company a communication of 
the investigation results.
As of the date of filing of the Financial Statements, the 
investigation results are being analyzed for the purposes of the 
subsequent procedural phases. The Company believes it has 
valid defense elements to support the correctness of its actions.
(iv)	
Eni Rewind SpA - Versalis SpA - Eni SpA (R&M) - Augusta 
Harbor. The complex administrative dispute relating to the 
environmental status of the Augusta harbor commenced in 
September 2017 with a formal notice issued by the Ministry of 
the Environment against the companies operating at the Priolo 
petrochemical hub, including Eni Rewind, Polimeri Europa (now 
Versalis) and Eni (R&M), to present projects for sediments 
removal from the harbor on the basis of an alleged assessment 
of responsibility as per a ruling of the Regional Administrative 
Court of Catania in 2012. The Ministry on various occasions 
reiterated its own assessment about the environmental 
responsibility of the companies co-located at the Priolo hub 
with respect to the pollution of the harbor and warned them 
against carrying out remediation activities. Following various 
meetings held with the Ministry of the Environment, Eni 
Rewind offered to define and to plan for certain environmental 
remediation activities basing on updated environmental data. 
The Eni’s subsidiary also commenced activities to identify the 
persons responsible of the pollution of the harbor and their 
respective shares of liability. 
In September 2020 Eni Rewind took part in the Investigation 
Services Conference convened by the Ministry of the 
Environment and the competent bodies and presented a 
review of the environmental status of the Rada which stated 
that the pollution was attributable to industrial activities of 
prior periods and that it would not spread into the surrounding 
environment. 
Between the end of 2023 and the beginning of 2024, the 
Catania Regional Administrative Court issued a ruling on all 
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the appeals presented by the operators, deeming them as 
inadmissible, because the injunction does not constitute 
an act suitable for having legal efficacy with respect to the 
appellants. The Court did not take a position on the existence 
of the pollution or otherwise did not make any conclusion 
about responsibility regarding the pollution of the harbor, 
limiting itself to highlighting the fact that the proceeding 
administration believes that the pollution is matter of fact. 
For this reason, on June 27, 2024, the Group companies 
challenged the TAR sentences limited to an interpretation of 
the same as confirming the existence of a final judgment on 
the responsibility for the contamination.
(v) 
Eni SpA - Eni Rewind SpA - Raffineria di Gela SpA - Claim for 
preventive technical inquiry and judgments on the merits. In 
February 2012, Eni’s subsidiaries Raffineria di Gela SpA and 
Eni Rewind SpA and the parent company Eni SpA (involved in 
this matter through the operations of the Refining & Marketing 
Division) were notified of a claim issued by the parents of children 
with birth defects in the Municipality of Gela between 1992 and 
2007 for a total of 30 cases. The claim called for an inquiry 
aimed at determining any causality between the birth defects 
suffered by these children and any environmental pollution 
caused by the Gela site, quantifying the alleged damages 
suffered and eventually identifying the terms and conditions to 
settle the claim. The same issue was the subject of previous 
criminal proceedings, of which one closed without determining 
any illegal behavior on the part of Eni or its subsidiaries, while 
a further criminal proceeding is still pending. In May 2018, the 
Court issued a first instance judgment concerning one case. 
The Judge rejected the claim for damages, acknowledging 
the arguments of the defendant companies in relation to the 
absence of evidence concerning the existence of a causal link 
between the birth defects and the alleged industrial pollution. 
The judgment has been appealed by the claimants.
In June 2021 the Civil Court of Gela issued a second judgment 
rejecting the claim for compensation, recognizing the validity of 
the arguments of the defendant companies regarding the lack 
of evidence on the existence of a cause between the pathology 
and the alleged industrial pollution. The counterparties filed an 
appeal. 
In relation to the first appeal promoted against the first 
ruling of the Court of Gela, the First Instance Court of 
Caltanissetta rejected the appeal proposed and accepted 
the one proposed incidentally by the Eni companies involved, 
concerning the regulation of litigation costs relating to the 
first instance proceedings and the reported incorrectness of 
the compensation made therein since the legal requirements 
were not met. The counterparty appealed to the Third Instance 
Court. In 2024, the Court of Gela issued two other sentences 
with which the plaintiffs’ requests for compensation were 
rejected. The First Instance Court confirmed the rejection of 
the claims brought against Eni’s subsidiaries basing on lack 
of a causal link between the pathologies and the alleged 
industrial pollution.
(vi) 
Val d’Agri - Eni / Vibac. In September 2019 a claim was brought 
in the Court of Potenza against Eni. The plaintiffs are 80 people, 
living in different municipalities of the Val d’Agri area, who are 
complaining of economic, non-economic, biological and moral 
damages, all deriving from the presence of Eni’s oil facilities 
in the territory. The Judge has been asked to ascertain Eni’s 
responsibility for causing emissions of polluting substances 
into the atmosphere. The plaintiffs have also requested 
that Eni be ordered to interrupt any polluting activity and be 
allowed to resume industrial activities on condition that all the 
necessary remediation measures be implemented to eliminate 
all of the alleged dangerous situations. Finally, they are asking 
Eni for compensation for damages. At the end of the trial 
phase, the Judge submitted to the parties the proposal for an 
extra-judicial settlement, fixing a deadline to present further 
proposals on the matter.
The parties did not adhere to the conciliatory proposal. The 
Judge deemed the case ripe for a decision and set the hearing 
to clarify the conclusions for July 10, 2026.
(vii) Eni Rewind SpA / Province of Vicenza - Clean-up process for 
Trissino site. On May 7, 2019, the Province of Vicenza issued 
a warning, imposing on certain individuals and companies as 
MITENI SpA in bankruptcy, Mitsubishi and ICI the obligation to 
clean-up the Trissino site where MITENI carried out its industrial 
activity. Based on the analysis carried out by administrative 
parties, significant concentrations of substances considered 
highly toxic and carcinogenic were allegedly discovered in 
groundwater and in surface water at this site. The analysis 
carried out by the Province of Vicenza with the direct involvement 
of the Istituto Superiore di Sanità reported the presence of these 
substances in the blood of about 53,000 people in the area. The 
Province warned some individuals, including a former employee 
who served between 1988 and 1996 as CEO of EniChem, a 
company that was subsequently acquired by Eni Rewind.
Eni Rewind was summoned as the “successor” of EniChem in 
several appeals before the Regional Administrative Court as 
the majority shareholder of MITENI, as well as liable for the 
potential contamination of Trissino plant (together with other 
subjects). The Province extended the proceeding also to Eni 
Rewind, which filed a counterclaim for having its position 
taken out of the procedure.
Eni Rewind appealed to a Regional Administrative Court 
against the Province claims and orders. Eni Rewind is 
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carrying out the environmental interventions and has 
made itself available to carry out – as part of the project 
approved by the territorial administrations in charge – 
further anti-pollution interventions on a voluntary basis and 
without giving any acquiescence with respect to the liability 
charges for the pollution by chemical agents. The Province 
extended the identification of the person responsible for 
the pollution also to Manifatture Lane Marzotto & Figli Spa 
which challenged the relevant provision before the Regional 
Administrative Court. This act was also challenged by ICI3 
and Eni Rewind in the part in which, unlike what was ordered 
by the Province towards the other companies identified as 
responsible for the pollution, it does not order Manifatture 
Lane Marzotto & Figli SpA to carry out the environmental 
interventions. With sentences issued in May 2024, the 
Regional Administrative Court ruled on the appeals brought 
by ICI3 and Mitsubishi regarding the measure to identify 
the person responsible for the pollution. The administrative 
judge rejected the appeals, deeming the Province’s actions 
legitimate. Similarly, with a ruling dated December 27, 
2024, the Regional Administrative Court also rejected Eni 
Rewind’s appeal, confirming the identification measures 
adopted by the Province as responsible for the pollution. 
The Company is considering to appeal the sentence. 
Discussions are underway with the companies involved 
to reach a transaction agreement regarding cleanup and 
remediating costs of the site.
(viii) Eni SpA - Greenpeace Onlus, ReCommon APS and others 
- Climate dispute. On May 9, 2023, the NGOs Greenpeace 
Onlus and ReCommon APS, together with 12 private citizens, 
summoned Eni, the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) 
and an Italian agency, Cassa Depositi e Prestiti (CDP), before 
the Civil Court of Rome based on allegations of climate 
change responsibility. The plaintiffs claimed economic 
losses and other damages and requested that Eni revise its 
decarbonization strategy (for example by reducing by 45% 
its emissions by 2030 compared to 2020 levels, or other 
appropriate measures to comply with the Paris Agreement) 
as well as the cessation of any harmful conducts. 
The parties appeared in Court, promptly filing deeds and 
documents. On June 10, 2024, the plaintiffs promoted 
a separate proceeding for the settlement of jurisdiction, 
remitting the final decision regarding the jurisdiction of the 
Court of Rome seized of the merits proceedings to the Third 
Instance Court. On July 11, 2024, the Court of Rome ordered 
the suspension of the proceedings on the merits until the 
definition of the jurisdiction regulation proposed by the 
plaintiffs. Eni promptly appeared before the Third Instance 
Court. The proceeding is ongoing.
(ix) 
Eni SpA - NAOC / Egbema Voice of Freedom Association 
- Request for compensation for damages. On November 
30, 2023, Eni SpA was notified of a summons relating to a 
claim advanced by Pastor Nicholas Evaristus Ukaonu, by the 
Advocates for Community Alternatives association and by the 
Egbema Voice of Freedom association, for alleged damages 
deriving from constructions created by NAOC in Nigeria in the 
territory of the communities represented by the associations. 
The Pastor and the associations ask for joint compensation 
from Eni and NAOC for approximately €48 million in addition 
to the execution of works which, according to the plaintiff, 
would be necessary to avoid and contain flooding caused by 
constructions created by NAOC. The application submitted 
reiterates complaints made in past years, including in 2017 
before the National Contact Point envisaged by the OECD 
Guidelines addressed to Multinational enterprises, where an 
ad hoc conciliation procedure was initiated which ended with 
an agreement between the parties. The first hearing was held 
on December 10, 2024. At the hearing the judge unsuccessfully 
attempted conciliation and subsequently each party recalled 
what was deduced in the documents and Eni requested that 
the case be decided without further preliminary investigation. 
The Judge reserved the sentence.
(x) 
Eni Rewind SpA - Calabria Region, Province and Municipality 
of Crotone, WWF Italy, ARCI and others (Regional 
Administrative Court of Catanzaro). A decree of the Ministry 
of the Environment of August 1, 2024 n. 27 ordered the 
beginning of excavations for the execution of the reclamation 
of the Site of National Interest of Crotone upon the occurrence 
of certain conditions and ordered the Calabria Region to 
start the procedure for removing the constraint from Single 
Regional Authorization Provision (“PAUR”), which authorized 
the construction of the D15 - preliminary deposit and D9 
plants. Several public entities, as well as the WWF and ARCI 
associations have challenged the decree with a precautionary 
application before the Regional Administrative Court. The 
constraint imposed by the Region in the PAUR obliges Eni 
Rewind to dispose of waste outside the regional territory; 
various checks carried out by the Company and confirmed by 
public entities have confirmed that the only authorized plant 
capable of receiving hazardous waste from the reclamation 
is in Crotone. This conclusion was also substantially 
confirmed by scouting among foreign operators (provided 
for by the ministerial decree) from which it emerged that 
only 2 entities (out of almost 30 contacted) are available to 
accept the hazardous waste coming from the reclamation of 
the site of Crotone, in a context characterized by regulatory, 
administrative, timing and logistical uncertainties that are 
not compatible with the reclamation timetable. The Region’s 
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resistance to removing the restriction has so far prevented 
the start of remediation activities at the site. WWF and ARCI 
also challenged the order of the Ministry (dated September 
24, 2024) requiring Eni Rewind to commence remediation 
activities. The Company carried out all the preparatory 
activities for the beginning of the works, implementing 
the provisions of the  Decree. In January 2025, the local 
authorities warned Eni Rewind and the company in charge 
of the Crotone landfill not to sign the waste disposal contract 
and therefore, the remediation activities have yet to start. Eni 
Rewind (and Edison) appealed against these warnings to the 
Regional Administrative Court, which requested a report on 
the environmental remediation plan from the Ministry and set 
the hearing of the merits for June 18, 2025, together with the 
appeals against the warnings filed by Eni Rewind.
2.	
SETTLED PROCEEDINGS
(i) 
Eni SpA R&M Refinery of Livorno - Criminal proceedings for 
incidents at work. On October 20, 2020, a notice was served 
at the Livorno refinery for Eni as entity subjected to preliminary 
investigations in the context of a criminal proceeding pending 
before the Public Prosecutor’s Office of Livorno, in relation to an 
accident at work occurred in summer of 2019 at an electrical 
substation of the Refinery and as consequence two employees 
were injured. The company provided compensations. The 
allegation was aggravated by personal injury while the 
Company was accused of being liable pursuant to Legislative 
Decree No. 231/01.
In September 2021, the Public Prosecutor’s Office issued 
a notice of conclusion of the preliminary investigations. 
Subsequently, the summons order was notified.
Following the outcome of the first level of judgement, on 
March 12, 2024, the Court issued a sentence of acquittal 
of the accused natural persons and of Eni SpA pursuant to 
Legislative Decree. 231/01. The acquittal sentence was not 
contested and therefore became final.
(ii) 
Eni SpA - Eni Oil & Gas Inc - Climate change. Between 2017 
and 2018, seven lawsuits were brought in the California state 
court by local government authorities and a fishermen’s 
association against Eni SpA, a subsidiary (Eni Oil & Gas Inc 
- “EOG”) and several other companies, aimed at obtaining 
compensation for damages attributable to the increase in sea 
level and temperature as well as to hydrogeological instability.
On April 25, 2023, the Supreme Court assigned the six 
government-issued lawsuits to California State Courts. On 
December 14, 2023, the fishermen’s association, having failed 
to obtain a referral to State Court, voluntarily withdrew from 
the case. On August 27, 2024, after the meeting before the 
Court of San Francisco of the remaining pending disputes, 
as part of the personal jurisdiction evaluation phase (aimed 
at verifying the effective existence of jurisdiction of the 
competent court with respect to the defendants), both Eni and 
EOG were definitively excluded from the relevant proceedings, 
having accepted the plaintiffs’ proposal to conclude the 
case by settlement, without any admission of liability by Eni 
and without any possibility of change of mind on the part 
of the plaintiffs, committing themselves to pay only modest 
procedural costs.
(iii) 
OPL 245 Nigeria. In relation to the stipulation between Eni, 
the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria “FGN” and 
another international oil company of the Resolution Agreement 
of April 29, 2011 relating to the “Oil Prospecting Licence” of 
the offshore field identified in block 245, several investigations 
had been opened by the judicial authorities of Italy, UK and 
Nigeria concerning alleged crimes in the assignment of the 
block, including the crime of international corruption. The 
investigations involved some top managers of Eni and of the 
Company itself pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01. Eni 
basing also on the findings of an internal review of the case 
performed by an independent US legal consultant appointed 
by the Company’s board of statutory auditors and by the 
Watch body considered the accusations groundless. The US 
Department of Justice carried out its own inquiry basing on 
the US FCPA and dismissed the case without any liability in 
2019. The UK prosecutors dismissed the case due to lack of 
jurisdiction. 
The proceeding in Italy established by the Public Prosecutor 
of Milan, which had requested the indictment of the Eni 
managers involved and of the Company, was resolved in a 
manner totally favorable to Eni with a sentence of acquittal 
for all the defendants because the fact did not exist. The 
appeal proceedings, promoted by the First Instance public 
prosecutors, and by the FGN as civil party, concluded during 
2022, reaffirming the first instance acquittal sentence which 
therefore became final. 
Finally, FGN, which in 2023 had promoted an appeal to the 
Third Instance Court against the ruling of the Court of Milan, 
requesting its annulment with referral to the competent 
civil judge for the sole purpose of civil rulings and damage 
compensation, withdrew the appeal to the Third Instance 
Court, as it was inferred from a letter signed by the Attorney 
General transmitted after two hearings of the ICSID arbitration 
held in London. This arbitration was promoted by Eni after the 
acquittal sentence to protect the investment, requesting the 
forced conversion of the exploration license (OPL 245) into an 
extractive license (OML) as well as $700 million in damages for 
the mere delay (in addition to a reserve for possible damages). 
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On January 20, 2020, Eni’s subsidiary in Nigeria (“NAE”) was 
notified of the beginning of a new criminal case before the 
Federal High Court of Abuja.
The proceeding, mainly focused on the accusations against 
Nigerian individuals (including the Minister of Justice in office 
in 2011, at the time of the disputed facts), has involved NAE 
and Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Company Limited 
(“SNEPCO”) as co-holders of the OPL 245 license. These 
Nigerian individuals were accused in 2011 of illicit corruption, 
which NAE and SNEPCO allegedly unlawfully facilitated. The 
beginning of the trial, originally scheduled for the end of March 
2020, was postponed as a result of the closure of judicial 
offices in Nigeria due to the COVID-19 emergency and resumed 
at the beginning of 2021. During the proceedings, several 
witnesses were heard, mainly summoned at the request of 
the “Economic and Financial Crimes Commission” (“EFCC”). 
Considering the weakness of the evidence produced by the 
EFCC, the defendants presented a request for a declaration 
of no need to proceed, which the EFCC did not oppose for the 
part relating to the accusations made against NAE, SNEPCO 
and the Minister of Justice.
(iv) 	 Enimed SpA - Criminal proceedings for alleged evasion of 
payment of the excise duty on flux products. The criminal 
case derived from an investigation by the financial police of 
Ragusa which led to the verification in May 2020 of a series of 
incidents of theft of flux - an energy product used in suspension 
of excise duty - stolen directly from Enimed pipelines by 
arrested third parties flagrantly. As a result of the investigations, 
the Company was firstly charged with irregularities in the 
management of the diesel flux with alleged subtractions of 
indirect taxes (excise duties and VAT) equal to approximately 
€50 million. The competent Public Prosecutor’s Office (Gela) for 
its part has promoted proceedings against the former CEO of 
Enimed (for the years 2018 - 2020) and two other employees 
for the crime of evading the payment of excise duties on energy 
products. As part of the same proceeding, third parties were 
being prosecuted for theft of flux, an allegation which put the 
Eni’s subsidiary in the position of offended person. During the 
investigations, the Public Prosecutor requested the preventive 
seizure of €34,135,328 (corresponding to the allegedly unpaid 
excise duty). This request was deemed unfounded by the 
investigating judge, ruling out that the crime of evading the 
payment of excise duties was attributable to the CEO of the 
Company, who was actually the victim of theft by third parties. 
At the hearing on October 1, 2024, the Judge for the preliminary 
hearing pronounced a sentence of no need to proceed because 
the fact does not constitute a crime against Enimed people. 
The Public Prosecutor did not appeal; therefore, the sentence 
became final.
(v) 
Eni SpA (R&M) - Taranto Refinery - Criminal proceedings for 
breach of excise assessment. The proceeding relates to the 
alleged lack of tax assessment of an energy product moved, 
under excise duty suspension, from a tank of the Taranto refinery.
At the end of the preliminary investigation phase, the former 
manager of the refinery and three other employees resulted 
under investigation for an alleged continued hypothesis of 
subtraction from the assessment of excise duties, due to 
multiple movements that took place in the period from June 
30 to September 9, 2021, from the tank under investigation, 
the meter of which has been seized since October 13, 2021. 
Following the hearing on December 17, 2024, the Public 
Prosecutor of Taranto pronounced an acquittal sentence 
against all the defendants because the fact does not exist.
(vi)	
Eni SpA - Eni Rewind SpA - Priolo - Malformation civil 
lawsuits. In February 2022 Eni Rewind was sued before the 
Court of Syracuse for compensation for damages (€800,000 
for each of the plaintiffs) by two citizens of Augusta (SR), who 
claimed to have been born with serious malformations due to 
spills of mercury from the chlor-soda plant in Priolo. 
Eni Rewind filed an appearance in court filing a claim and 
indemnification against Edison, taking into account that the 
chlor- soda plant was received by Eni group as part of the 
Enimont transaction, therefore in a period following the alleged 
exposure to the mercury by the actors, which necessarily 
occurred between the years of birth 1972 and 1975. Following 
the incorporation of Edison SpA and the celebration of the 
respective hearings, the two proceedings are currently in the 
preliminary investigation phase. The proceeding has become 
immaterial.
Assets under concession arrangements
Eni operates under concession arrangements mainly in the 
Exploration & Production segment and the Enilive business line. 
In the Exploration & Production segment, contractual clauses 
governing mineral concessions, licenses and exploration permits 
regulate the access of Eni to hydrocarbon reserves. Such clauses 
can differ in each Country. In particular, mineral concessions, 
licenses and permits are granted by the legal owners and, generally, 
entered into with government entities, State oil companies and, in 
some legal contexts, private owners. Pursuant to the assignment 
of mineral concessions, Eni sustains all the operational risks and 
costs related to the exploration and development activities and 
it is entitled to the productions realized. In respect of the mining 
concessions received, Eni pays royalties in accordance with the 
tax legislation in force in the country and is required to pay income 
taxes deriving from the exploitation of the concession. In production 
sharing agreement and service contracts, realized productions are 
defined based on contractual agreements with State oil companies, 
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which hold the concessions. Such contractual agreements regulate 
the recovery of costs incurred for the exploration, development and 
operating activities (Cost Oil) and give entitlement to the own portion 
of the realized productions (Profit Oil). In the Enilive business line, 
several service stations and other auxiliary assets of the distribution 
service are located in the motorway areas and they are granted by 
the motorway concession operators following a public tender for the 
sub-concession of the supplying of oil products distribution service 
and other auxiliary services. In exchange for the granting of the 
services described above, Eni provides to the motorway companies 
fixed and variable royalties based on quantities sold. At the end of 
the concession period, all non-removable assets are transferred to 
the grantor of the concession for no consideration.
Environmental regulations
In the future, Eni will sustain significant expenses in relation to 
compliance with environmental, health and safety laws and 
regulations and for reclaiming, safety and remediation works of 
areas previously used for industrial production and dismantled 
sites. In particular, regarding the environmental risk, management 
does not currently expect any material adverse effect upon 
Eni’s Consolidated Financial Statements, taking account of 
ongoing remediation actions, existing insurance policies and 
the environmental risk provision accrued in the Consolidated 
Financial Statements. However, management believes that it 
is possible that Eni may incur material losses or significant 
responsibilities because, at the current state of knowledge, it is 
impossible to forecast the effects of future developments taking 
into account, among other things, the following aspects: (i) the 
possibility of as yet unknown contamination; (ii) the results 
of ongoing surveys and other possible effects of statements 
required by Legislative Decree 152/2006; (iii) new developments in 
environmental regulation (i.e. Law No. 68/2015 on crimes against 
the environment and European Directive 2015/2193 on medium 
combustion plants); (iv) the effect of possible technological 
changes relating to future remediation; and (v) the possibility of 
litigation and the difficulty of determining Eni’s liability, if any, as 
against other potentially responsible parties with respect to such 
litigation and the possible insurance recoveries.
Emission trading
From 2021, the fourth phase of the European Union Emissions 
Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) came in force. The award of free emission 
allowances is performed based on emission benchmarks defined 
at European level specific to each industrial segment, except for the 
electric power generation sector that is not eligible for allocations 
for no consideration. At the same time, emissions trading (UK ETS) 
was introduced in the United Kingdom, the rules of which are largely 
similar to those of the EU-ETS. This regulatory scheme implies 
for Eni’s plants subject to emission trading a lower assignment 
of emission permits compared to the emissions recorded in the 
relevant year and, consequently, the necessity of covering the 
amounts in excess by purchasing the relevant emission allowances 
on the open market. In 2024, the emissions of carbon dioxide from 
Eni’s plants were higher than the free allowances assigned to Eni. 
Against emissions of carbon dioxide amounting to approximately 
17.1 million tonnes, Eni was awarded free emission allowances 
of 5.4 million tonnes, determining a deficit of 11.7 million tonnes. 
This deficit was entirely covered through the purchase of emission 
allowances in the open market, with delivery in 2025.
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29 Revenues and other income
SALES FROM OPERATIONS
(€ million)
Exploration  
& Production
Global Gas & LNG 
Portfolio and Power
Refining and 
Chemicals
Enilive
Plenitude
Corporate and  
Other activities
Total
2024
Sales from operations
38,875
15,061
5,881
18,670
10,124
186
88,797
Products sales and service revenues
Sales of crude oil
28,151
28,151
Sales of oil products
4,058
1,518
18,165
23,741
Sales of natural gas and LNG
6,039
12,480
2
3,620
22,141
Sales of petrochemical products
253
3,667
3,920
Sales of power
2,244
1
4,073
6,318
Sales of other products
40
16
326
62
67
7
518
Services
334
321
367
443
2,364
179
4,008
Products sales and service revenues
38,875
15,061
5,881
18,670
10,124
186
88,797
Transfer of goods/services
Goods/Services transferred in a specific moment at a 
point in time
38,557
14,963
5,844
18,670
10,124
61
88,219
Goods/Services transferred over a period of time
318
98
37
125
578
2023
Sales from operations
37,961
19,468
6,188
18,877
11,040
183
93,717
Products sales and service revenues
Sales of crude oil
25,685
25,685
Sales of oil products
5,219
1,847
18,442
25,508
Sales of natural gas and LNG
5,881
16,638
4,431
26,950
Sales of petrochemical products
766
3,619
4,385
Sales of power
2,420
4,832
7,252
Sales of other products
44
38
305
28
91
3
509
Services
366
372
417
407
1,686
180
3,428
Products sales and service revenues
37,961
19,468
6,188
18,877
11,040
183
93,717
Transfer of goods/services
Goods/Services transferred in a specific moment at a 
point in time
37,626
19,383
6,147
18,645
11,040
64
92,905
Goods/Services transferred over a period of time
335
85
41
232
119
812
2022
Sales from operations
38,729
47,544
8,413
24,225
13,412
189
132,512
Products sales and service revenues
Sales of crude oil
26,277
26,277
Sales of oil products
5,084
1,916
23,770
30,770
Sales of natural gas and LNG
6,173
40,838
5,573
52,584
Sales of petrochemical products
817
5,424
3
6,244
Sales of power
6,122
6,326
12,448
Sales of other products
68
11
359
52
212
2
704
Services
310
573
714
403
1,301
184
3,485
Products sales and service revenues
38,729
47,544
8,413
24,225
13,412
189
132,512
Transfer of goods/services
Goods/Services transferred in a specific moment at a 
point in time
38,417
47,361
8,331
23,982
13,285
65
131,441
Goods/Services transferred over a period of time
312
183
82
243
127
124
1,071
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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Sales from operations by industry segment and geographic area of destination are disclosed in note 35 - Segment information and information 
by geographic area.
Sales from operations with related parties are disclosed in note 36 - Transactions with related parties.
Other proceeds include: (i) €1,048 million relating to the agreement 
with an Italian operator to share past and expected environmental 
expenses incurred and fully provisioned by Eni at certain Italian 
industrial hub, under decommissioning, which were jointly operated 
in past; (ii) €194 million (€121 million and €204 million in 2023 and 
2022, respectively) related to the recovery of the cost share of 
right-of-use assets pertaining to partners of unincorporated joint 
operations operated by Eni.
Other income and revenues with related parties are disclosed in 
note 36 - Transactions with related parties.
Purchase, services and other charges included geological and 
geophysical expenses for €186 million (€205 million and €220 
million in 2023 and 2022, respectively). 
Costs incurred in connection with research and development 
activities and technological improvement expensed through profit 
and loss, as they did not meet the requirements to be recognized 
as long-lived assets, amounted to €178 million (€166 million and 
€164 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively).
Royalties on the extraction rights of hydrocarbons amounted to 
€1,122 million (€1,138 million and €1,570 million in 2023 and 2022, 
respectively).
Additions to provisions net of reversal of unused provisions related 
to: (i) net additions to the environmental provision for €848 million 
30 Costs
PURCHASE, SERVICES AND OTHER CHARGES
OTHER INCOME AND REVENUES
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Gains from sale of assets and businesses
48
27
48
Other proceeds
2,369
1,072
1,127
2,417
1,099
1,175
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Revenues associated with contract liabilities at the beginning of the period
87
642
157
Revenues associated with performance obligations totally or partially satisfied in previous years
7
1,087
1
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Production costs - raw, ancillary and consumable materials and goods 
54,204
58,170
85,139
Production costs - services 
12,217
11,512
10,303
Lease expense and other
1,512
1,432
2,301
Net provisions for contingencies 
1,397
1,369
2,985
Other expenses 
2,073
1,746
2,069
71,403
74,229
102,797
less:
- capitalized direct costs associated with self-constructed assets - tangible assets
(227)
(367)
(246)
- capitalized direct costs associated with self-constructed assets - intangible assets
(62)
(26)
(22)
71,114
73,836
102,529
(net additions of €559 million and €1,700 million in 2023 and 
2022, respectively); (ii) net additions to the decommissioning and 
social project provision for €300 million (net additions of €305 
million and €376 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively), of which 
€250 million related to the decommissioning of depleted oil & gas 
assets where the UOP amortization has ceased; (iii) net additions 
for litigations amounting to €40 million (net reversals of €87 million 
and net additions of €501 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively). 
More information is provided in note 21 - Provisions. Net additions 
to provisions by segment are disclosed in note 35 - Segment 
information and information by geographical area.
Information about leases is disclosed in note 13 - Right-of-use 
assets and lease liabilities.
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(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Wages and salaries
2,665
2,427
2,311
Social security contributions
527
497
465
Cost related to employee benefit plans
96
156
174
Other costs
123
196
194
3,411
3,276
3,144
less:
- capitalized direct costs associated with self-constructed assets - tangible assets
(139)
(131)
(120)
- capitalized direct costs associated with self-constructed assets - intangible assets
(10)
(9)
(9)
3,262
3,136
3,015
2024
2023
2022
(number)
Subsidiaries
Joint 
operations
Subsidiaries
Joint 
operations
Subsidiaries
Joint 
operations
Senior managers 
933
19
944
19
957
19
Junior managers 
9,257
90
9,157
84
9,084
80
Employees 
16,086
431
15,810
420
15,517
420
Workers 
5,719
282
5,937
294
6,074
288
31,995
822
31,848
817
31,632
807
Other costs comprised provisions for redundancy incentives of €66 
million (€56 million and €78 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively) 
and costs for defined contribution plans of €104 million (€102 million 
and €103 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively).
Cost related to employee benefit plans are described in note 22 - 
Provisions for employee benefits.
Costs with related parties are disclosed in note 36 - Transactions 
with related parties.
The average number of employees was calculated as the average 
between the number of employees at the beginning and the end of 
the year. 
The average number of senior managers included managers 
employed in foreign Countries, whose position is comparable to a 
senior manager’s status.
AVERAGE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES
LONG-TERM SHARE-BASED INCENTIVE PLAN FOR THE ENI’S MANAGERS
Eni has in place a share-based compensation plan to retain its 
managers, with awards outstanding as of the balance sheet date.
On May 13, 2020 and on May 10, 2023, the Shareholders Meeting 
approved the Long-Term Shared-based Incentive Plan 2020-2022 
and the similar 2023-2025 plan which award up to a maximum of 
20 million of treasury shares as part of the plan 2020-2022 and 16 
million of treasury shares as part of the plan 2023-2025 to selected 
Company’s managers.
Each plan provides three annual awards (respectively in the years 
2020, 2021 and 2022 and in the years 2023, 2024, 2025) to reward 
PAYROLL AND RELATED COSTS
the Chief Executive Officer of Eni and the managers of Eni and its 
subsidiaries who qualify as “senior managers deemed critical for the 
business”, selected among those who are in charge of tasks directly 
linked to the Group results or of strategic clout to the business. The 
Plans provide the granting of Eni shares for no consideration to eligible 
managers after a three-year vesting period under the condition that 
they would remain in office until vesting. Considering that these 
incentives fall within the category of employee compensation, in 
accordance with IFRS, the cost of the plans is determined based on 
the fair value of the financial instruments awarded to the beneficiaries 
The Group average number and breakdown of employees by category is reported below:
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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and the number of shares that are granted at the end of the vesting 
period; the cost is accruing along the vesting period.
The vesting features of those share-based compensation schemes 
are linked to achievement of Company’s preset targets of financial 
results, share appreciation as benchmarked against a peer group’s 
performance, and certain KPIs of environmental sustainability and 
emission reduction, in a proportion of 40%, 25% and 35% respectively, 
for the most recent equity compensation plan. For the older plan, the 
vesting of shares included also certain industrial targets.
Depending on the performance of the parameters mentioned 
above, the number of shares that will vest free of charge after 
three years may range between 0% and 180% of the initial award. 
A 50% of the shares that will effectively be granted to each 
beneficiary in service will be subject to a lock-up clause: (i) of one 
year after the vesting date for the 2020-2022 Long-Term Incentive 
Plan; (ii) two years after the vesting date for the 2023-2025 Long-
Term Incentive Plan.
The number of shares awarded at the grant date was: (i) 1,889,808 
shares in 2024; with a weighted average fair value of €9.39 per share; 
(ii) 1,909,849 shares in 2023; with a weighted average fair value of 
€10.82 per share; (iii) 2,069,685 shares in 2022; with a weighted 
average fair value of €9.20 per share.
The estimation of the fair value was calculated by adopting 
specific valuation techniques regarding the different performance 
parameters provided by the plans (stochastic method for both 
Long-Term Monetary Incentive plan), taking into account the fair 
value of the Eni share at the grant date (between €14,428 and 
€13,416 for the grant date for the 2024 award; between €15,482 
and €15,068 depending on the grant date for the 2023 award; 
between €12,918 and €14,324 depending on the grant date for 
the 2022 award), reduced by dividends expected along the vesting 
period (between 7.3% and 7.9% for the 2024 award; between 6.6% 
and 6.8% for the 2023 award; between 6.1% and 6.8% for the 
2022), considering the volatility of the stock (between 23.7% and 
21.8% for the 2024 award; between 28.2% and 28.4% for the 2023 
award; between 30% and 31% for the 2022 award), the forecasts 
relating to the performance parameters, as well as the lower value 
attributable to the shares considering the lock-up period at the end 
of the vesting period.
In 2024, the costs related to the long-term monetary incentive plan, 
recognized as a component of the payroll cost with contra-entry to 
equity reserves as they pertain to company employees, amounted 
to €23 million (€20 million and €18 million in 2023 and 2022, 
respectively).
EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN
The Shareholders’ Meeting held on May 15, 2024, authorized the 
adoption of an Employee Stock Ownership Plan, with the aim of 
strengthening motivation and retention across the company and 
the participation in the growth of corporate value, in line with the 
interests of the shareholders. The Plan provides for three annual 
awards in the period 2024-2026 intended for employees of Eni and 
its subsidiaries.
For 2024, Eni awarded a one-time stock-based compensation for 
no consideration to 22,000 employees in Italy. A three-year lock-up 
period applies to each award.
At the grant date (November 27, 2024), a total of 3,102,700 shares 
were issued.
Consistent with the substantial nature of remuneration, pursuant to 
the provisions of international accounting standards, the cost of the 
plan is determined with reference to the fair value of the shares on 
the assignment date. The recording of the cost will take place pro-
rata temporis over the three-year period.
Costs relating to the Employee Stock Ownership Plan, recognized 
as a component of payroll cost amounted to €1 million with a 
counterpart in net equity reserves.
COMPENSATION OF KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL
Compensation, including contributions and collateral expenses, 
of personnel holding key positions in planning, directing and 
controlling the Eni Group subsidiaries, including executive and 
non-executive officers, general managers and managers with 
strategic responsibilities in office during the year consisted of the 
following:
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Wages and salaries
39
35
37
Post-employment benefits
4
3
3
Other long-term benefits
23
19
17
Indemnities upon termination of employment
9
66
57
66
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Finance income 
7,715
7,417
8,450
Finance expense
(8,980)
(8,113)
(9,333)
Net finance income (expense) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
388
284
(55)
Income (expense) from derivative financial instruments 
278
(61)
13
Finance income (expense)
(599)
(473)
(925)
(599)
(473)
(925)
31 Finance income (expense)
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Finance income (expense) related to net borrowings
Interest and other finance expense on ordinary bonds 
(827)
(667)
(507)
Net finance income (expense) on financial assets held for trading
367
250
(53)
Net income (expenses) on other financial assets valued at fair value with effects on profit and loss
21
34
(2)
Interest and other expense due to banks and other financial institutions 
(358)
(207)
(128)
Interest expense on lease liabilities
(314)
(267)
(315)
Interest from banks
294
356
57
Interest and other income on financial receivables and securities held for non-operating purposes
161
14
9
(656)
(487)
(939)
Exchange differences
(38)
255
238
Income (expense) from derivative financial instruments
278
(61)
13
Other finance income (expense)
Interest and other income on financing receivables and securities held for operating purposes
44
153
128
Capitalized finance expense
222
94
38
Finance expense due to the passage of time (accretion discount) (a) 
(261)
(341)
(199)
Other finance income (expense)
(188)
(86)
(204)
(183)
(180)
(237)
(599)
(473)
(925)
(a) The item relates to the increase in provisions for contingencies that are shown at present value in non-current liabilities.
The analysis of finance income (expense) was as follows:
Information about leases is disclosed in note 13 - Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.
The analysis of derivative financial income (expense) is disclosed in note 24 - Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting.
Finance income (expense) with related parties is disclosed in note 36 - Transactions with related parties.
COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS AND STATUTORY AUDITORS OF ENI SPA
Compensation of Directors amounted to €12.9 million, €13.9 million 
and €11.1 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Compensation 
of Statutory Auditors amounted to €0.5 million, €0.6 million and €0.6 
million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Compensation included emoluments and social security benefits due 
for the office as Director or Statutory Auditor held at the parent company 
Eni SpA or other Group subsidiaries, which was recognized as a cost to 
the Group, even if not subject to personal income tax.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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ANNEX

(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Dividends 
227
255
351
Net gain (loss) on disposals
562
430
483
Other net income (expense)
195
423
2,789
984
1,108
3,623
More information is provided in note 16 - Investments.
Share of profit or loss of equity accounted investments by industry segment is disclosed in note 35 – Segment information and information 
by geographical area.
SHARE OF PROFIT (LOSS) OF EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS
32 Income (expense) from investments
Dividend income primarily related to Nigeria LNG Ltd for €166 
million (€179 million in 2023 and €247 million in 2022) and to Saudi 
European Petrochemical Co ‘IBN ZAHR’ for €22 million (€55 million 
in 2023 and €77 million in 2022).
Gains on disposals for 2024 referred: (i) for €371 million to the sale 
of a 100% stake of the equity interest in Nigerian Agip Oil Co Ltd 
to Oando Plc; (ii) for €166 million to the sale of a 10% stake of the 
equity interest of Eni in Saipem SpA, which took place through an 
accelerated book-building process aimed at institutional investors 
and includes the effects recognized in other comprehensive 
income for €9 million.
Other net income for 2024 referred for €118 million to a capital gain 
given by the difference between the fair value of shares of Ithaca 
Energy Plc received in exchange of the Group oil & gas assets in UK 
which were contributed to the entity.
Gains on disposals for 2023 referred to the capital gain realized from 
the sale to Snam of the 49.9% stake of SeaCorridor Srl and other 
net income for 2023 referred to the capital gain from the fair value 
measurement of the retained share of the entity.	
Gains on disposals for 2022 referred to the capital gains realized 
following the listing, through IPO on the Oslo Stock Exchange, of the 
investee Vår Energi ASA and subsequent sales made on the market.
Other net income for 2022 referred for €2,542 million to the capital 
gain from the fair value measurement of the business combination 
between Eni and bp with the establishment of the joint venture Azule 
Energy Holdings Ltd and includes realized exchange differences on 
translation of €764 million.
OTHER GAIN (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENTS
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Current taxes: 
- Italian subsidiaries 
(255)
97
1,920
- subsidiaries of the Exploration & Production segment - outside Italy
4,946
5,349
7,027
- other subsidiaries - outside Italy
22
185
944
4,713
5,631
9,891
Net deferred taxes: 
- Italian subsidiaries 
(1,433)
(137)
(2,191)
- subsidiaries of the Exploration & Production segment - outside Italy
294
(22)
713
- other subsidiaries - outside Italy
151
(104)
(325)
(988)
(263)
(1,803)
3,725
5,368
8,088
33 Income taxes
371
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Current income taxes of Italian subsidiaries include the net 
effect of the use of tax-suspended reserves for €397 million of 
net income and foreign taxes for €116 million. Income taxes for 
foreign companies include the release of a provision set aside 
to cover uncertainties in the application of tax rules for €170 
million.
Income taxes for 2022 included an extraordinary solidarity tax 
for the year 2022 (€1,036 million) enacted in Italy by Law No. 
51/2022 and the UK Energy profit levy. Total income taxes for 
2022 included an extraordinary contribution as enacted by Law 
No. 197/2022 (Italian 2023 Budget Law) calculated on the 2022 
taxable income, determined also considering the distribution of 
certain revaluation reserves of the parent company. 
The higher tax charges at non-Italian subsidiaries related to the 
Exploration & Production segment for €3,403 million (€3,026 million 
and €2,940 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively).
In 2023, Italy substantively enacted Pillar Two Model Rules, effective 
as from January 1, 2024, through Legislative Decree 209/2023 
as mandated by EU Directive 2022/2523. The Pillar Two rules are 
designed to ensure large multinational enterprises (meeting certain 
conditions) pay a minimum level of tax on the income arising in each 
jurisdiction where they operate. The impact of Pillar Two rules on 
current income taxes for 2024 was immaterial. Eni has applied the 
exception, as set out in the amendments to IAS 12 Income Taxes, 
to recognizing and disclosing information about deferred tax assets 
and liabilities related to Pillar Two income taxes.
The reconciliation between the statutory tax charge calculated by 
applying the Italian statutory tax rate of 24% (same amount in 2023 
and 2022) and the effective tax charge is the following:
Group’s effective tax rate amounted to 57.4% (52.5% in 2023 and 
36.7% in 2022). The increase in the tax rate in 2024 is due to the 
greater weight on consolidated pre-tax profit of the results obtained in 
foreign E&P jurisdictions with tax rates higher than the Group average.
Basic earnings (loss) per ordinary share are calculated by dividing profit 
(loss) for the period attributable to Eni’s shareholders by the weighted 
average number of ordinary shares issued and outstanding during the 
period, excluding treasury shares.
Diluted earnings (loss) per share are calculated by dividing the profit 
(loss) of the period attributable to Eni’s shareholders by the weighted 
average number of shares fully diluted, excluding treasury shares, and 
including the number of potential shares to be issued. As of December 
31, 2024, the shares that could be potentially issued related to the 
estimation of new shares that will vest in connection with the 2020-2022 
and 2023-2025 long-term monetary incentive plans and the convertible 
bond issued in 2023.
In determining basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share, the net profit 
(loss) for the period attributable to Eni is adjusted to take into account 
the remuneration of perpetual subordinated bonds and the convertible 
bond, net of tax effect, calculated by using the amortized cost method.
34 Earnings (loss) per share
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Profit (loss) before taxation
6,489
10,228
22,049
Tax rate (IRES) (%)
24.0
24.0
24.0
Statutory corporation tax charge (credit) on profit or loss
1,557
2,455
5,292
Increase (decrease) resulting from:
- higher tax charges related to subsidiaries outside Italy
3,452
3,036
3,388
- tax effect on reserve distribution
147
106
47
- impact pursuant to foreign tax effects of Italian entities
108
14
66
- effect due to the tax regime provided for intercompany dividends
82
7
11
- tax effects related to previous years
6
48
(19)
- Italian regional income tax (IRAP)
(15)
91
(18)
- effect of the valuation of the investments under the equity method
(30)
(26)
50
- effect of reversals (impairments) of deferred tax assets
(38)
(96)
(241)
- impact pursuant to (reversal) impairment of deferred tax assets
(1,470)
(221)
(2,087)
- extraordinary contribution effect for companies in energy sector
1,971
- other adjustments
(74)
(46)
(372)
2,168
2,913
2,796
Effective tax charge
3,725 
5,368 
8,088 
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Reconciliation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share was as follows:
2024
2023
2022
Weighted average number of shares used for basic earnings (loss) per share 
3,167,006,396
3,303,766,512
3,483,633,816
Potential shares to be issued for ILT incentive plan
6,369,161
6,352,583
6,319,989
Potential shares to be issued for Sustainability-linked bond
56,975,836
17,014,702
Weighted average number of shares used for diluted earnings (loss) per share 
3,230,351,393
3,327,133,797
3,489,953,805
Eni’s profit (loss)
(€ million)
2,624
4,771
13,887
Remuneration of subordinated perpetual bonds net of tax effect
(€ million)
(132)
(109)
(109)
Eni’s profit (loss) for basic earnings (loss) per share
(€ million)
2,492
4,662
13,778
Remuneration of Sustainability-linked bond net of tax effect
(€ million)
31
9
Eni’s profit (loss) for basic diluted earnings (loss) per share
(€ million)
2,523
4,671
13,778
Basic earnings (loss) per share 
(€ per share)
0.79
1.41
3.96
Diluted earnings (loss) per share 
(€ per share)
0.78
1.40
3.95
SEGMENT INFORMATION
Effective October 1, 2024, the Company reorganized its business 
activities into three business groups to increase the effectiveness 
of strategy execution:
•	the “Chief Transition & Financial Officer” business group, 
responsible for increasing the value of the two Eni’s subsidiaries, 
Plenitude and Enilive, which are engaged in growing the 
businesses related to the energy transition, mainly production of 
electricity from renewable sources and manufacturing of biofuels 
in synergy with the traditional activities of retail marketing of 
gas, power, and fuels. The goal of increasing the value of those 
two subsidiaries will be pursued also by means of third-party 
investments in the share capital of the entities and possibly by 
market offerings of shares and listing;
•	the “Global Natural Resources” business group, responsible for 
increasing the value of the oil&gas exploration and development 
activities and of wholesale gas, LNG and power activities by 
leveraging organic growth and with the support of trading 
activities, vertical integration and operational excellence. It 
is also in charge of developing the new CCS and agri-hub 
businesses;
•	the “Industrial Transformation” business group, responsible for 
implementing the restructuring and upgrading of the Chemical 
business, managed by the subsidiary Versalis, and of the oil-
based refining business leveraging on proprietary technologies, 
product specialization and the criteria of the circular economy 
and by reducing the weight of business lines with challenged 
fundamentals (commodity chemicals and low-scale refineries). It 
is also in charge of managing environmental remediation activities 
conducted by the subsidiary Eni Rewind.
For financial reporting purposes, management evaluated that 
segmental reporting are presented based on the operating 
segments tracked by the by the Chief Operating Decision Maker 
(the CEO) to evaluate profit centers financial performance and 
resources allocation. Therefore, in compliance with the provisions 
of the international reporting standard that regulates the segment 
reporting (IFRS 8), the new reportable segments of Eni effective 
December 31, 2024, have been reorganized as follows with the 
restatement of comparative periods:
•	Exploration & Production:  exploration, development and production 
of crude oil, condensates and natural gas. The business also 
35 Segment information and information by geographic area
373
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engages in oil and products trading activities, designed to perform 
supply balancing transactions in the market with a view of ensuring 
the requested slate of crudes to the refining business and to stabilize 
or hedge commercial margins.
•	 Global Gas & LNG Portfolio (GGP) and Power: wholesale supply 
and marketing of gas via pipeline, LNG, and electricity, as well 
as international transport activities. It includes gas, LNG, and 
electricity trading activities finalized to hedging and stabilizing 
the trade margins, as well as optimizing the gas asset portfolio. 
The results of the Power business operating segment relating 
to the production of electricity from thermoelectric plants have 
been included in this reportable segment because it presents 
similar economic returns and it is ancillary to the main business.
•	 Refining and Chemicals: processing of crude oil to manufacture 
traditional refined products (fuels, bitumen, lubricants, etc.) and 
inter-company wholesale marketing of refined products to the 
Enilive operating segment and to third-party large accounts. 
The Chemicals operating segment, through Eni wholly owned 
subsidiary Versalis, engages in the production and marketing of 
basic petrochemical products, plastics and elastomers. Versalis 
is developing the business of manufacturing chemical products 
from renewable raw materials, bioplastics, and bio-based products 
through the recently acquired subsidiary Novamont. The results of 
operations of the Refining business and the Chemical business 
have been combined in a single reporting segment because the 
businesses exhibit similar economic characteristics.
•	 Enilive: engages in the manufacturing of biofuels and in retail 
marketing activities of fuels through an extensive network of 
refueling outlets, also providing non-fuel products and services 
to drivers. It also engages in the wholesale supplies of fuels, 
bitumen and lubricants.
•	 Plenitude: engages in the retail sales of gas, electricity and 
related services, production and wholesale sales of electricity 
from renewable plants, and is also building and managing a 
network of charging points for electric vehicles.
•	 Corporate and Other activities: includes the main business 
support functions, in particular holding, central treasury, IT, 
human resources, real estate services, captive insurance 
activities, research and development, new technologies, 
business digitalization and the environmental activity managed 
by the subsidiary Eni Rewind. The segment also includes the 
businesses under development of projects to capture and 
store CO2 at Eni’s depleted sites (CCUS), the agribusiness and 
initiatives for carbon offset (NBS), under development.
Segment information presented to the CEO (the Chief Operating 
Decision Maker, ex IFRS 8) includes: revenues, operating profit and 
directly attributable assets and liabilities.
According to the requirements of the international accounting 
standards regarding segment information in the event of a 
reorganization of business segments, the segment information 
for the 2023 and 2022 comparative periods have been restated 
for homogeneous comparison as follows. The main changes 
compared to 2023 concerned the allocation of oil trading in the E&P 
segment (previously in the Refining operating segment) and of the 
thermoelectric generation activity in the GGP operating segment 
(previously in the Plenitude and Power aggregate). Enilive is subject 
to separate exposure from the Refining & Chemicals aggregate.
As reported in 2023:
(€ million)
Exploration & 
Production
Global Gas & LNG 
Portfolio 
Enilive, Refining 
and Chemicals
Plenitude & Power
Corporate and 
Other activities
Adjustments of 
intragroup profits 
Total
2023
Sales from operations including intersegment sales 
23,903 
20,139 
52,558 
14,256 
1,972 
Less: intersegment sales 
(13,060)
(3,229)
(393)
(658)
(1,771)
Sales from operations
10,843 
16,910 
52,165 
13,598 
201 
93,717 
Operating profit 
8,549 
2,431 
(1,397)
(464)
(943)
81 
8,257 
Identifiable assets(a) 
62,180 
6,381 
15,530 
13,999 
1,952 
(378)
99,664 
Identifiable liabilities(a) 
18,020 
5,997 
10,200 
6,076 
4,629 
(56)
44,866 
2022
Sales from operations including intersegment sales 
31,194 
48,586 
59,178 
20,883 
1,886 
Less: intersegment sales 
(18,305)
(7,356)
(708)
(1,157)
(1,689)
Sales from operations
12,889 
41,230 
58,470 
19,726 
197 
132,512 
Operating profit 
15,963 
3,730 
460 
(825)
(1,956)
138 
17,510 
Identifiable assets(a)
60,298 
12,282 
14,925 
11,987 
1,666 
(472)
100,686 
Identifiable liabilities(a) 
17,339 
12,572 
9,011 
4,787 
4,462 
(68)
48,103 
(a) Include assets/liabilities directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
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(€ million)
Exploration & 
Production
Global Gas & LNG 
Portfolio and Power
Refining 
and Chemicals
Enilive
Plenitude 
Total reportable 
segments
Corporate and 
Other activities
Adjustments of 
intragroup profits 
Total
2023
Sales from operations including intersegment sales 
55,773
24,168
23,061
21,780
11,102
135,884
Less: intersegment sales 
(17,812)
(4,700)
(16,873)
(2,903)
(62)
(42,350)
Sales from operations
37,961
19,468
6,188
18,877
11,040
93,534
183
93,717
Operating profit 
8,693
2,626
(2,121)
585
(659)
9,124
(948)
81
8,257
Identifiable assets(a) 
64,504
7,688
7,186
6,081
12,692
98,151
1,891
(378)
99,664
Identifiable liabilities(a) 
21,461
6,637
3,910
2,900
5,436
40,344
4,578
(56)
44,866
2022
Sales from operations including intersegment sales 
61,834
58,119
26,633
26,479
13,497
186,562
Less: intersegment sales 
(23,105)
(10,575)
(18,220)
(2,254)
(85)
(54,239)
Sales from operations
38,729
47,544
8,413
24,225
13,412
132,323
189
132,512
Operating profit 
16,158
4,231
(606)
876
(1,326)
19,333
(1,961)
138
17,510
Identifiable assets(a) 
62,522
13,813
8,064
4,690
10,456
99,545
1,613
(472)
100,686
Identifiable liabilities(a) 
20,431
13,537
3,714
2,253
3,822
43,757
4,414
(68)
48,103
(a) Include assets/liabilities directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
As restated:
Segment Information
(€ million)
Exploration & 
Production
Global Gas & LNG 
Portfolio and Power
Refining 
and Chemicals
Enilive
Plenitude 
Total reportable 
segments
Corporate and 
Other activities
Adjustments of 
intragroup profits 
Total
2024
Sales from operations including intersegment sales 
54,440
18,876
21,210
21,139
10,179
125,844
Less: intersegment sales 
(15,565)
(3,815)
(15,329)
(2,469)
(55)
(37,233)
Sales from operations
38,875
15,061
5,881
18,670
10,124
88,611
186
88,797
Operating profit 
6,715
(909)
(1,681)
282
1,307
5,714
(371)
(105)
5,238
Net provisions for contingencies 
(282)
(11)
(478)
(48)
(81)
(900)
(484)
(13)
(1,397)
Depreciation and amortization
(6,353)
(267)
(161)
(284)
(424)
(7,489)
(144)
33
(7,600)
Impairments of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets
(2,385)
(195)
(458)
(117)
(1)
(3,156)
(51)
(3,207)
Reversals of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets
182
94
3
5
284
23
307
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets
(576)
(3)
(579)
(1)
(580)
Share of profit (loss) of equity-accounted investments 
904
44
73
(43)
(47)
931
(65)
866
Identifiable assets(a) 
67,572
7,421
7,228
5,893
13,588
101,702
2,712
(457)
103,957
Unallocated assets(b) 
42,982
Equity-accounted investments 
8,348
488
2,621
899
1,019
13,375
775
14,150
Identifiable liabilities(a) 
20,627
7,230
4,253
2,995
5,883
40,988
4,881
(49)
45,820
Unallocated liabilities(b)
45,471
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets
6,055
110
632
416
887
8,100
408
(23)
8,485
(a) Include assets/liabilities directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
(b) Include assets/liabilities not directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
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(€ million)
Exploration & 
Production
Global Gas & LNG 
Portfolio and 
Power
Refining 
and Chemicals
Enilive
Plenitude 
Total reportable 
segments
Corporate and 
Other activities
Adjustments of 
intragroup profits 
Total
2023
Sales from operations including intersegment sales 
55,773
24,168
23,061
21,780
11,102
135,884
Less: intersegment sales 
(17,812)
(4,700)
(16,873)
(2,903)
(62)
(42,350)
Sales from operations
37,961
19,468
6,188
18,877
11,040
93,534
183
93,717
Operating profit 
8,693
2,626
(2,121)
585
(659)
9,124
(948)
81
8,257
Net provisions for contingencies 
(354)
(206)
(352)
(33)
(73)
(1,018)
(339)
(12)
(1,369)
Depreciation and amortization
(6,271)
(295)
(142)
(261)
(404)
(7,373)
(140)
34
(7,479)
Impairments of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets
(1,419)
(14)
(732)
(38)
(7)
(2,210)
(52)
(2,262)
Reversals of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets
376
52
6
434
26
460
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets
(531)
(5)
(536)
1
(535)
Share of profit (loss) of equity-accounted investments 
1,012
49
381
(38)
(55)
1,349
(13)
1,336
Identifiable assets(a) 
64,504
7,688
7,186
6,081
12,692
98,151
1,891
(378)
99,664
Unallocated assets(b) 
42,942
Equity-accounted investments 
6,780
534
2,724
858
664
11,560
1,070
12,630
Identifiable liabilities(a)
21,461
6,637
3,910
2,900
5,436
40,344
4,578
(56)
44,866
Unallocated liabilities(b)
44,096
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets
7,135
119
556
428
636
8,874
360
(19)
9,215
2022
Sales from operations including intersegment sales 
61,834
58,119
26,633
26,479
13,497
186,562
Less: intersegment sales 
(23,105)
(10,575)
(18,220)
(2,254)
(85)
(54,239)
Sales from operations
38,729
47,544
8,413
24,225
13,412
132,323
189
132,512
Operating profit 
16,158
4,231
(606)
876
(1,326)
19,333
(1,961)
138
17,510
Net provisions for contingencies 
(160)
(395)
(658)
(439)
(12)
(1,664)
(1,340)
19
(2,985)
Depreciation and amortization
(6,130)
(268)
(150)
(245)
(307)
(7,100)
(138)
33
(7,205)
Impairments of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets
(613)
(114)
(709)
(43)
(17)
(1,496)
(71)
(1,567)
Reversals of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets
181
180
35
396
31
427
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets
(596)
(1)
(2)
(599)
(599)
Share of profit (loss) of equity-accounted investments 
1,530
4
445
1
(20)
1,960
(119)
1,841
Identifiable assets(a) 
62,522
13,813
8,064
4,690
10,456
99,545
1,613
(472)
100,686
Unallocated assets(b) 
51,444
Equity-accounted investments 
7,318
4
3,062
22
660
11,066
1,026
12,092
Identifiable liabilities(a) 
20,431
13,537
3,714
2,253
3,822
43,757
4,414
(68)
48,103
Unallocated liabilities(b) 
48,797
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets 
6,252 
173 
605 
273 
481 
7,784 
276 
(4)
8,056 
(a) Include assets/liabilities directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
(b) Include assets/liabilities not directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
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(€ million)
Italy
Other 
European 
Union
Rest of 
Europe
Americas
Asia
Africa
Other 
areas
Total
2024
Identifiable assets(a) 
29,787
7,704
4,709
6,470
21,232
32,624
1,431
103,957
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets 
2,009
673
308
556
1,519
3,276
144
8,485
2023
Identifiable assets(a) 
30,026
6,962
5,124
7,658
17,855
30,928
1,111
99,664
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets 
2,006
485
235
609
1,471
4,105
304
9,215
2022
Identifiable assets(a) 
29,195
7,689
6,564
8,892
18,653
28,167
1,526
100,686
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets 
1,475
415
205
1,266
1,390
3,163
142
8,056
(a) Include assets directly associated with the generation of operating profit. 
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Italy
30,994
33,450
60,090
Other European Union
15,975
18,271
25,413
Rest of Europe
16,493
18,476
21,748
Americas
7,908
7,004
6,929
Asia
9,114
7,404
9,062
Africa
8,285
9,057
9,191
Other areas
28
55
79
88,797
93,717
132,512
INFORMATION BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA
Identifiable assets and investments by geographic area of origin
Sales from operations by geographic area of destination
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In the ordinary course of its business, Eni enters into transactions 
mainly regarding:
a)	 Purchase, sale and supply of goods and services and the provision 
of financing to joint ventures, associates and non-consolidated 
subsidiaries;
b)	 purchase, sale and supply of goods and services to entities 
controlled by the Italian Government;
c)	 purchase, sale and supply of goods and services to companies 
related to Eni SpA through members of the Board of Directors. Most 
of these transactions are exempt from the application of the Eni 
internal procedure “Transactions involving interests of Directors and 
Statutory Auditors and transactions with related parties” pursuant 
to the Consob Regulation, since they relate to ordinary transactions 
conducted at market or standard conditions, or because they fall 
below the materiality threshold provided for by the procedure; 
d)	 contributions to non-profit entities correlated to Eni with the aim 
to develop solidarity, culture and research initiatives. In particular 
these related to: (i) Eni Foundation, established by Eni as a 
non-profit entity with the aim of pursuing exclusively solidarity 
initiatives in the fields of social assistance, health, education, 
culture and environment, as well as scientific and technological 
research; and (ii) Eni Enrico Mattei Foundation, established by Eni 
with the aim of enhancing, through studies, research and training 
initiatives, knowledge enrichment in the fields of economics, 
energy and environment, both at the national and international 
level.
Transactions with related parties were conducted in the interest of Eni 
companies and, with exception of those with entities whose aim is to 
develop charitable, cultural and research initiatives, are related to the 
ordinary course of Eni’s business.
Investments in subsidiaries, joint arrangements and associates are 
presented separately in the annex “List of companies owned by Eni SpA 
as of December 31, 2024”. This annex includes also the changes in the 
scope of consolidation.
36 Transactions with related parties
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ANNEX

TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES WITH RELATED PARTIES
	
December 31, 2024
2024
Name
(€ million)
Receivables 
and other 
assets
Payables 
and other 
liabilities
Guarantees
Revenues
Costs
Other 
operating 
(expense) 
income
Joint ventures and associates
Agiba Petroleum Co
4
126
256
Cardón IV SA
1
77
4
(2)
Coral FLNG SA
12
1,411
15
(3)
Azule Group
59
399
3,343
76
2,290
Saipem Group
41
186
9
52
1,253
SeaCorridor Group
105
27
1
242
Vårgrønn Group
1
886
Ithaca Energy Plc
188
76
366
(138)
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV
31
292
1,198
Lotte Versalis Elastomers Co Ltd
6
14
3
51
Mellitah Oil & Gas BV
56
52
11
523
Mozambique Rovuma Venture SpA
26
2
31
53
Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co
23
509
562
Società Oleodotti Meridionali SpA
12
491
16
11
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA
97
104
Vår Energi ASA
30
828
1,918
48
5,047
(57)
Other(*)
37
71
120
74
187
729
3,150
7,687
435
12,034
(195)
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni 
Eni BTC Ltd
195
Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico - ISAF SpA (in liquidation)
161
3
10
Other
16
7
11
27
18
177
10
206
37
18
906
3,160
7,893
472
12,052
(195)
Entities controlled by the Government 
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti Group
3
25
65
Enel Group
33
153
46
798
(28)
Italgas Group
1
186
5
612
Snam Group
196
436
219
1,342
Terna Group
104
116
386
350
10 
GSE - Gestore Servizi Energetici
201
110
1,805
1,548
414 
ITA Airways - Italia Trasporto Aereo SpA 
13
238
Other(*)
23
66
71
574
1,092
2,770
4,715
396 
Other related parties
1
3
2
37
Groupement Sonatrach – Eni «GSE» 
316
316
32
599
1,797
4,571
7,893
3,276
17,403
201 
(*) Each individual amount included herein was lower than €50 million.
379
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ANNEX

December 31, 2023
2023
Name
(€ million)
Receivables 
and other 
assets
Payables 
and other 
liabilities
Guarantees
Revenues
Costs
Other 
operating 
(expense) 
income
Joint ventures and associates
Agiba Petroleum Co
1
194
308
Cardón IV SA
24
142
4
1
Coral FLNG SA
4
1,327
6
Azule Group
113
475
3,156
86
2,146
Saipem Group
5
235
9
6
768
SeaCorridor Group
29
29
1
357
Vårgrønn Group
1,321
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV
17
250
1,183
Mellitah Oil & Gas BV
49
20
16
517
Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co
58
885
870
Società Oleodotti Meridionali SpA
11
473
19
12
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA
74
79
Vår Energi ASA
51
764
2,013
58
4,487
(165)
Other(*)
62
73
19
83
203
498
3,540
7,845
358
10,852
(165)
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni 
Eni BTC Ltd
183
Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico - ISAF SpA (in liquidation)
152
4
1
12
Other
13
10
12
13
30
165
14
196
25
30
663
3,554
8,041
383
10,882
(165)
Entities controlled by the Government 
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti Group
5
33
2
69
Enel Group
95
168
93
497
(109)
Italgas Group
1
149
8
(20)
Snam Group
245
352
1,157
1,625
Terna Group
85
61
400
317
8
GSE - Gestore Servizi Energetici
230
219
2,104
1,875
283
ITA Airways - Italia Trasporto Aereo SpA 
5
238
Other(*)
11
68
52
38
677
1,050
4,054
4,401
182
Other related parties
1
2
1
36
Groupement Sonatrach - Eni «GSE» 
222
212
40
569
1,563
4,818
8,041
4,478
15,888
17
(*) Each individual amount included herein was lower than €50 million.
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ANNEX

December 31, 2022
2022
Name
(€ million)
Receivables 
and other 
assets
Payables 
and other 
liabilities
Guarantees
Revenues
Costs
Other 
operating 
(expense) 
income
Joint ventures and associates
Agiba Petroleum Co
17
71
224
Angola LNG Ltd
79
Coral FLNG SA
10
1,378
12
Azule Group
320
517
3,268
46
1,152
Saipem Group
3
195
9
9
452
Vårgrønn Group
1,259
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV
27
251
1,347
Mellitah Oil & Gas BV
58
144
9
234
Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co
33
595
944
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA
47
74
Società Oleodotti Meridionali SpA
6
433
16
14
Vår Energi ASA
58
722
2,378
84
4,085
(597)
Other(*)
127
76
9
167
338
706
3,004
8,301
417
8,869
(597)
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni 
Eni BTC Ltd
190
Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico - ISAF SpA (in liquidation)
139
4
1
15
Other
8
10
11
7
15
147
14
202
22
15
853
3,018
8,503
439
8,884
(597)
Entities controlled by the Government 
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti Group
2
47
3
86
Enel Group
438
264
97
275
484
Italgas Group
218
8
84
Snam Group
763
25
1,767
873
Terna Group
119
159
612
701
(18)
GSE - Gestore Servizi Energetici
207
225
7,786
4,039
3,437
ITA Airways - Italia Trasporto Aereo SpA 
3
179
Other(*)
12
35
27
33
1,762
763
10,555
6,007
3,903
Other related parties
2
1
39
Groupement Sonatrach - Eni «GSE» 
179
114
33
417
2,794
3,897
8,503
11,028
15,347
3,306
(*) Each individual amount included herein was lower than €50 million.
381
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

The most significant transactions with joint ventures, associates 
and unconsolidated subsidiaries concerned:
• 	Eni’s share of expenses incurred to develop oil fields from Agiba 
Petroleum Co, Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV, Mellitah Oil 
& Gas BV, Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co, Groupement Sonatrach 
- Eni «GSE» and, limited to Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV, 
purchase of crude oil by Eni Trade & Biofuels SpA; costs recovered 
from Eni associates are invoiced on the basis of costs incurred;
•	the residual debt relating to the payment of the consideration for 
the assignment of Cardón IV credits;
•	supply of upstream specialist services and a guarantee issued 
on a pro-quota basis granted to Coral FLNG SA on behalf of the 
Consortium TJS for the contractual obligations assumed following 
the award of the EPCIC contract for the construction of a floating 
gas liquefaction plant;
•	supply of upstream specialist services, purchase of crude oil and 
issue of guarantees against leasing contracts of FPSO vessels to 
Azule Group;
•	engineering, construction and drilling services by Saipem Group 
mainly for the Exploration & Production segment;
•	acquisition of transport services from SeaCorridor Group;
•	guarantees issued to Vårgrønn Group in relation to the participation 
in the Dogger Bank offshore wind project;
•	receivables relating to the business combination carried out in 
2024 and the purchase of crude oil and condensate from Ithaca 
Energy Plc Group;
•	the purchase of elastomers from Lotte Versalis Elastomers Co Ltd;
•	the purchase of condensates and the supply of upstream 
specialized services to Mozambique Rovuma Venture SpA;
•	the sale of gas to Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA;
•	advances received from Società Oleodotti Meridionali SpA for the 
infrastructure upgrade of the crude oil transport system at the 
Taranto refinery;
•	guarantees issued in compliance with contractual agreements in 
the interest of Vår Energi ASA, the supply of upstream specialist 
services and maritime transport, the purchase of crude oil, 
condensates and gas and the realized part of forward contracts for 
the purchase of gas; 
•	a guarantee issued granted to Eni BTC Ltd for the construction of 
an oil pipeline;  
•	services for environmental restoration to Industria Siciliana Acido 
Fosforico - ISAF SpA (in liquidation).
The most significant transactions with entities controlled by the 
Italian Government concerned:
•	activities aimed at ensuring operation, upgrading and efficiency 
of the plants provided to Ansaldo group (Cassa Depositi e 
Prestiti);
•	sale of fuel, sale and purchase of gas, acquisition of power 
distribution services and fair value of derivative financial 
instruments with Enel Group;
•	acquisition of natural gas transportation, distribution and 
storage services with Snam Group and Italgas Group on the 
basis of the tariffs set by the Italian Regulatory Authority for 
Energy, Networks and Environment and purchase and with 
Snam Group the receivable for divestment relating to the sale 
of the 49.9% share capital of SeaCorridor Srl and the purchase 
and sale of natural gas for granting the system balancing on 
the basis of prices referred to the quotations of the main energy 
commodities;
•	acquisition of electricity transmission services and sale and 
purchase of electricity for granting the system balancing based on 
prices referred to the quotations of the main energy commodities, 
and derivatives on commodities entered to hedge the price risk 
related to the utilization of transport capacity rights with Terna 
Group;
•	sale and purchase of electricity, gas, environmental certificates, 
fair value of derivative financial instruments, sale of oil products 
and storage capacity with GSE - Gestore Servizi Energetici for the 
setting-up of a specific stock held by the Organismo Centrale di 
Stoccaggio Italiano (OCSIT) according to the Legislative Decree 
No. 249/12; the contribution to cover the charges deriving from 
the performance of OCSIT functions and activities and the 
contribution paid to GSE for the use of biomethane and other 
advanced biofuels in the transport sector;
•	the sale of jet fuel to ITA Airways - Italia Trasporto Aereo SpA.
Transactions with other related parties concerned:
•	provisions to pension funds managed by Eni of €26 million and 
debts for contributions to be paid for €2 million; 
•	costs for contributions paid to the Supplementary Healthcare Fund 
for Managers of Eni Group Companies (FISDE) for €5 million and 
debts for contributions to be paid for €1 million;
•	contributions and service provisions to Eni Enrico Mattei 
Foundation for €4 million and to Eni Foundation for €2 million.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
382
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

31.12.2023
2023
Name
(€ million)
Receivables 
and cash 
equivalents
Payables
Guarantees
Finance 
incomes and 
derivative 
financial 
instruments
Finance 
Expenses
Gain on 
disposals
Joint ventures and associates
Coral FLNG SA
453
15
Coral South FLNG DMCC
1,448
Saipem Group
56
8
Mozambique Rovuma Venture SpA
1,339
170
101
Other
49
13
1
39
14
1
1,841
239
1,449
155
22
1
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni 
Other
7
38
1
1
7
38
1
1
Entities controlled by the Government 
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti Group
56
2
Snam Group
443
Other
14
2
3
1
14
58
5
444
 
1,862
335
1,449
156
28
445
December 31, 2024
2024
Name
(€ million)
Receivables
Payables
Guarantees
Finance 
incomes and 
derivative 
financial 
instruments
Finance 
Expenses
Gain on 
disposals
Joint ventures and associates
Coral FLNG SA
522 
24 
Coral South FLNG DMCC
1.539 
(1)
Saipem Group
222 
1 
Mozambique Rovuma Venture SpA
1,769 
58 
132 
11 
Pengerang Biorefinery Sdn Bhd
60 
Other
37 
39 
2 
38 
41 
2,388 
319 
1,541 
195 
51 
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni 
Other
40 
36 
2 
2 
40 
36 
2 
2 
Entities controlled by the Government 
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti Group
53 
Other
7 
1 
4 
(12)
60 
1 
4 
(12)
Other related parties
4 
2,428 
419 
1,541 
198 
57 
(12)
FINANCING TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES WITH RELATED PARTIES
383
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

The most significant transactions with joint ventures, associates and 
unconsolidated subsidiaries concerned:
•	a financing loan granted to Coral FLNG SA for the construction of a 
floating gas liquefaction plant in Area 4 offshore Mozambique;
•	a bank debt guarantee issued on behalf of Coral South FLNG DMCC 
as part of the project financing of the Coral FLNG development 
project;
•	liabilities for leased assets towards Saipem Group related to long-
term contracts for the use of drilling rigs;
•	a financing loan granted to Mozambique Rovuma Venture SpA for 
the development of gas reserves offshore Mozambique;
•	a credit line granted to Pengerang Biorefinery Sdn Bhd for the 
construction of a biorefinery in Malaysia.
The most significant transactions with entities controlled by the 
Italian Government concerned:
•	finance debt for the realization of charging infrastructures for 
electric vehicles with Cassa e Depositi e Prestiti Group.
December 31, 2022
2022
Name
(€ million)
Receivables 
and cash 
and cash 
equivalents
Payables
Guarantees
Finance 
incomes and 
derivative 
financial 
instruments
Finance 
Expenses
Gain on 
disposals
Joint ventures and associates
Coral FLNG SA
356
140
Coral South FLNG DMCC
1.499
1
1
Mozambique Rovuma Venture SpA
1,187
57
48
5
Saipem Group
100
16
3
Other(*)
96
28
2
91
10
1,639
185
1,501
156
159
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni 
Other
8
31
5
4
8
31
5
4
Entities controlled by the Government 
Enel Group
176
Italgas Group
30
Other
10
40
1
1
10
216
1
1
30
1,657
432
1,501
162
164
30
(*) Each individual amount included herein was lower than €50 million.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
384
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
(€ million)
Total
Related 
parties 
Impact % 
Total
Related 
parties 
Impact % 
Cash and cash equivalents
8,183
10,193
3
0.03
Other current financial assets
1,085
48
4.42
896
19
2.12
Trade and other receivables 
16,901
1,601
9.47
16,551
1,363
8.24
Other current assets 
3,662
54
1.47
5,637
32
0.57
Other non-current financial assets 
3,215
2,380
74.03
2,301
1,840
79.97
Other non-current assets 
4,011
142
3.54
3,393
168
4.95
Short-term debt
4,238
136
3.21
4,092
222
5.43
Current portion of long-term debt
4,582
21
0.46
2,921
21
0.72
Current portion of non-current lease liabilities
1,279
152
11.88
1,128
21
1.86
Trade and other payables 
22,092
4,017
18.18
20,654
4,245
20.55
Other current liabilities 
5,049
34
0.67
5,579
62
1.11
Long-term debt
21,570
79
0.37
21,716
65
0.30
Non-current lease liabilities
5,174
31
0.60
4,208
6
0.14
Other non-current liabilities 
4,449
520
11.69
4,096
511
12.48
2024
2023
2022
(€ million)
Total
Related 
parties 
Impact %
Total
Related 
parties 
Impact %
Total
Related 
parties 
Impact %
Sales from operations 
88,797
2,997
3.38
93,717
4,322
4.61
132,512
10,872
8.20
Other income and revenues
2,417
279
11.54
1,099
156
14.19
1,175
156
13.28
Purchases, services and other 
(71,114)
(17,404)
24.47
(73,836)
(15,885)
21.51
(102,529)
(15,327)
14.95
Net (impairments) reversals of trade and other 
receivables
(168)
(2)
1.19
(249)
5
..
47
(2)
..
Payroll and related costs
(3,262)
3
..
(3,136)
(8)
0.26
(3,015)
(18)
0.60
Other operating income (expense)
(352)
201
..
478
17
3.56
(1,736)
3,306
..
Finance income
7,715
198
2.57
7,417
155
2.09
8,450
160
1.89
Finance expense
(8,980)
(57)
0.63
(8,113)
(28)
0.35
(9,333)
(164)
1.76
Derivative financial instruments
278
(61)
1
..
13
2
15.38
Other income (expense) from investments
984
(12)
..
1,108
445
40.16
3,623
30
0.83
(€ million)
2024
2023
2022
Revenues and other income 
3,276
4,478
11,028
Costs and other expenses 
(15,056)
(13,539)
(13,749)
Other operating income (loss)
201
17
3,306
Net change in trade and other receivables and payables 
(61)
1,916
(431)
Net interests 
132
117
69
Net cash provided from operating activities
(11,508)
(7,011)
223
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets 
(2,347)
(2,349)
(1,596)
Disposal of investments
440
165
Net change in accounts payable and receivable in relation to investments 
(292)
504
1,480
Change in financial receivables 
(501)
(290)
(81)
Net cash used in investing activities 
(3,140)
(1,695)
(32)
Change in financial and lease liabilities
(20)
(162)
(88)
Net cash used in financing activities 
(20)
(162)
(88)
Change in cash and cash equivalents
(3)
(7)
8
Total financial flows to related parties 
(14,671)
(8,875)
111
IMPACT OF TRANSACTIONS AND POSITIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES ON THE BALANCE SHEET, 
PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT AND STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
The impact of transactions and positions with related parties on the balance sheet accounts consisted of the following:
The impact of transactions with related parties on the profit and loss accounts consisted of the following:
Main cash flows with related parties are provided below:
385
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

2024
2023
2022
(€ million)
Total
Related 
parties Impact % 
Totale
Related 
parties Impact % 
Total
Related 
parties Impact % 
Net cash provided from operating activities 
13,092
(11,508)
..
15,119
(7,011)
..
17,460
223
1.28
Net cash used in investing activities 
(9,817)
(3,140)
31.99
(9,365)
(1,695)
18.10
(7,018)
(32)
0.46
Net cash used in financing activities 
(5,380)
(20)
0.37
(5,668)
(162)
2.86
(8,542)
(88)
1.03
The impact of cash flows with related parties consisted of the following:
The following section provides information about economic, equity and financial data, gross of intragroup elisions, relating to the Plenitude 
Group, 92.42% owned by Eni, and EniPower group, 51% owned by Eni. The ownership of the non-controlling interest corresponds to voting rights.
Equity pertaining to non-controlling interests as of December 31, 2024, amounted to €2,863 million (€460 million December 31, 2023) 
and includes the perpetual subordinated bond of Eni Marine Services SpA of €1,924 million. More information is reported in note 26 - 
Equity - Non-controlling interest.
37 Other information about investments24
INFORMATION ON ENI’S CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES WITH SIGNIFICANT NON-CONTROLLING 
INTEREST
(24) Investments in subsidiaries, joint arrangements and associates are presented separately in the annex “List of companies owned by Eni SpA as of December 31, 2024”. This annex 
includes also the changes in the scope of consolidation.
Plenitude Group
EniPower Group
(€ million)
2024
2024
2023
Non-controlling interest (%)
7.58
49.00
49.00
Current assets
4,571
695
374
Non-current assets
11,185
934
868
Current liabilities
4,626
709
389
Non-current liabilities
5,156
31
46
Revenues
10,179
962
1,251
Profit
803
167
169
Total comprehensive income
821
167
169
Net cash provided by operating activities
916
178
198
Net cash used in investing activities
(1,389)
(92)
(126)
Net cash used in financing activities
(85)
(18)
(3)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
(23)
(9)
(31)
Profit attributable to non-controlling interest
54
85
86
Dividends paid to minority interest
5
41
36
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
386
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Company name
Registered office
Country of 
operation
Segment
% ownership
% equity ratio
Joint venture
2023 Sol IX Llc
Wilmington 
(USA)
USA
Plenitude
73.59
73.59
Azule Energy Holdings Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
Exploration & Production
50.00
50.00
Cardón IV SA
Caracas 
(Venezuela)
Venezuela
Exploration & Production
50.00
50.00
E&E Algeria Touat BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Algeria
Exploration & Production
54.00
54.00
GreenIT SpA
San Donato Milanese (MI) 
(Italy)
Italy
Plenitude
51.00
51.00
Mozambique Rovuma Venture SpA
San Donato Milanese (MI) 
(Italy)
Mozambique
Exploration & Production
35.71
35.71
Saipem SpA
Milan  
(Italy)
Italy
Corporate and financial companies
21.19
21.61
SeaCorridor Srl
San Donato Milanese (MI) 
(Italy)
Italy
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio
50.10
50.10
St. Bernard Renewables Llc
Wilmington 
(USA)
USA
Enilive
50.00
50.00
Vårgrønn AS
Stavanger 
(Norway)
Norway
Plenitude
65.00
65.00
Joint operation
Damietta LNG (DLNG) SAE
Damietta 
(Egypt)
Egypt
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio 
50.00
50.00
GreenStream BV
Amsterdam 
(Netherlands)
Libya
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio 
50.00
50.00
Raffineria di Milazzo ScpA
Milazzo (ME) 
(Italy)
Italy
Refining
50.00
50.00
Associates
ADNOC Global Trading Ltd
Abu Dhabi 
(Emirati Arabi Uniti)
United Arab Emirates
Refining
20.00
20.00
Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Company (Takreer)
Abu Dhabi 
(United Arab Emirates)
United Arab Emirates
Refining
20.00
20.00
Coral FLNG SA
Maputo  
(Mozambique)
Mozambique
Exploration & Production
25.00
25.00
Ithaca Energy Plc 
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
Exploration & Production
37.17
37.17
QatarEnergy LNG NFE (5) 
Doha 
(Qatar)
Qatar
Exploration & Production
25.00
25.00
Vår Energi ASA
Sandnes 
(Norway)
Norway
Exploration & Production
63.04
63.04
CHANGES IN THE OWNERSHIP INTEREST WITHOUT LOSS OF CONTROL
In 2024, Eni sold 7.58% of the capital of Eni Plenitude SpA with a consideration of €588 million.
In 2023, Eni purchased the entirety of third-party interests (29.48%) of the company Evolvere SpA (now Plenitude Energy Services SpA) 
for a total consideration of €60 million.
PRINCIPAL JOINT VENTURES, JOINT OPERATIONS AND ASSOCIATES AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024
387
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Main line items of profit and loss and balance sheet related to the joint ventures, represented by the amounts included in the reports accounted 
under IFRS of each company, are provided in the table below:
2024
(€ million)
Azule Energy 
Holdings Ltd
St. Bernard 
Renewables Llc
E&E Algeria 
Touat BV
Saipem SpA
SeaCorridor Srl
Current assets 
3,181
313
130
9,675
134
- of which cash and cash equivalent
549
72
55
2,158
89
Non-current assets 
20,542
1,615
1,497
4,844
975
Total assets
23,723
1,928
1,627
14,519
1,109
Current liabilities 
3,505
99
54
8,564
126
- of which current financial liabilities 
1,182
796
Non-current liabilities 
9,796
217
376
3,431
15
- of which non-current financial liabilities 
3,297
215
2,220
1
Total liabilities
13,301
316
430
11,995
141
Net equity
10,422
1,612
1,197
2,524
968
Eni’s % of the investment
50.00
50.00
54.00
21.61
50.10
Book value of the investment
5,211
806
646
528
485
Revenues and other income
4,961
1,220
290
14,552
332
Operating expense
(1,261)
(1,134)
(98)
(13,224)
(45)
Other operating profit (loss)
(93)
1
Depreciation, amortization and impairments
(1,479)
(72)
(105)
(723)
(44)
Operating profit (loss)
2,221
(79)
87
606
243
Finance income (expense)
(474)
(11)
(85)
6
Income (expense) from investments
208
(25)
29
Profit (loss) before income taxes
1,955
(90)
87
496
278
Income taxes
(751)
(13)
(190)
(189)
Profit (loss)
1,204
(90)
74
306
89
Other comprehensive income (loss)
572
99
72
(124)
11
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
1,776
9
146
182
100
Profit (loss) attributable to Eni
602
(45)
40
75
45
Dividends received from the joint venture
427
95
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
388
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

2024
(€ million)
2023 Sol IX Llc
GreenIT SpA
Mozambique Rovuma 
Venture SpA
Cardón IV SA
Vårgrønn AS
Profit (loss)
1
4
47
(18)
(57)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
8
(2)
64
47
26
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
9
2
111
29
(31)
2023
(€ million)
Mozambique Rovuma 
Venture SpA
Cardón IV SA
Vårgrønn AS
Profit (loss)
131
(28)
(77)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
(35)
(30)
(39)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
96
(58)
(116)
2023
(€ million)
Azule Energy 
Holdings Ltd
St. Bernard 
Renewables Llc
Saipem SpA
SeaCorridor Srl
Current assets 
3,554
317
8,104
165
- of which cash and cash equivalent
546
65
2,136
104
Non-current assets 
19,976
1,594
4,737
964
Total assets
23,530
1,911
12,841
1,129
Current liabilities 
2,360
134
6,857
55
- of which current financial liabilities 
97
Non-current liabilities 
11,670
119
3,588
16
- of which non-current financial liabilities 
4,239
119
2,599
1
Total liabilities
14,030
253
10,445
71
Net equity
9,500
1,658
2,396
1,058
Eni’s % of the investment
50.00
50.00
31.20
50.10
Book value of the investment
4,750
829
722
530
Revenues and other income
5,125
591
11,898
456
Operating expense
(814)
(598)
(10,967)
(42)
Other operating profit (loss)
(45)
(5)
Depreciation, amortization and impairments
(2,560)
(28)
(489)
(43)
Operating profit (loss)
1,751
(80)
437
371
Finance income (expense)
(373)
(4)
(167)
(3)
Income (expense) from investments
332
60
33
Profit (loss) before income taxes
1,710
(84)
330
401
Income taxes
(404)
(145)
(303)
Profit (loss)
1,306
(84)
185
98
Other comprehensive income (loss)
(295)
(22)
59
(8)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
1,011
(106)
244
90
Profit (loss) attributable to Eni
653
(42)
56
49
Dividends received from the joint venture
829
95
The results for the year and the comprehensive income of the significant joint ventures are shown below:
389
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

2024
(€ million)
Abu Dhabi Oil Refining 
Company (TAKREER)
Vår Energi ASA
Ithaca Energy Plc
QatarEnergy 
LNG NFE (5)
Current assets 
6,719
1,249
946
- of which cash and cash equivalent
47
268
170
Non-current assets 
18,130
19,760
6,100
2,658
Total assets
24,849
21,009
7,046
2,658
Current liabilities 
3,835
1,724
1,320
60
- of which current financial liabilities 
68
31
Non-current liabilities 
9,640
19,285
3,775
67
- of which non-current financial liabilities 
6,543
5,795
994
Total liabilities
13,475
21,009
5,095
127
Net equity
11,374
1,951
2,531
Eni’s % of the investment
20.00
63.04
37.17
25.00
Book value of the investment
2,275
725
633
Revenues and other income
12,879
6,884
703
Operating expense
(11,985)
(1,375)
(134)
(6)
Other operating income (expense)
(386)
Depreciation, amortization and impairments
(338)
(1,884)
(367)
Operating profit (loss)
170
3,625
202
(6)
Finance income (expense)
(332)
(455)
(66)
1
Profit (loss) before income taxes
(162)
3,170
136
(5)
Income taxes
(2,759)
(118)
1
Profit (loss)
(162)
411
18
(4)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
708
(125)
100
138
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
546
286
118
134
Profit (loss) attributable to Eni
(32)
259
7
(1)
Dividends received from associates
269
627
69
Main line items of profit and loss and balance sheet related to the associates represented by the amounts included in the reports accounted 
under IFRS of each company are provided in the table below:
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
390
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REPORT
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

2023
(€ million)
Abu Dhabi Oil Refining 
Company (TAKREER)
Vår Energi ASA
QatarEnergy LNG NFE (5)
Current assets 
3,506
1,502
- of which cash and cash equivalent
196
665
Non-current assets 
17,036
15,784
1,884
Total assets
20,542
17,286
1,884
Current liabilities 
648
1,843
83
- of which current financial liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
7,722
14,734
44
- of which non-current financial liabilities 
4,972
3,586
Total liabilities
8,370
16,577
127
Net equity
12,172
709
1,757
Eni’s % of the investment
20.00
63.04
25.00
Book value of the investment
2,434
447
439
Revenues and other income
29,259
6,335
Operating expense
(26,459)
(1,242)
(18)
Other operating income (expense)
(738)
Depreciation, amortization and impairments
(426)
(1,840)
Operating profit (loss)
1,636
3,253
(18)
Finance income (expense)
(154)
(148)
3
Profit (loss) before income taxes
1,482
3,105
(15)
Income taxes
(2,541)
4
Profit (loss)
1,482
564
(11)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
(412)
(48)
(55)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
1,070
516
(66)
Profit (loss) attributable to Eni
296
356
(3)
Dividends received from associates
277
640
2024
(€ million)
ADNOC Global Trading Ltd
Coral FLNG SA
Profit (loss)
563 
 (33)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
48 
57 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
611 
24 
2023
(€ million)
ADNOC Global Trading Ltd
Coral FLNG SA
Profit (loss)
602 
 (161)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 (27)
 (38)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
575 
 (199)
The results for the year and the comprehensive income of the significant associates are shown below:
391
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Under art. 1, paragraphs 125-bis and 126, of the Italian Law No. 
124/2017 and subsequent modifications, the disclosures about: (i) 
contributions received by Eni SpA and its consolidated subsidiaries 
from Italian public authorities and entities with the exclusion 
of listed public controlled companies and their subsidiaries; (ii) 
contributions granted by Eni SpA and by its fully consolidated 
subsidiaries to companies, persons and public and private 
entities25, are provided below. Furthermore, it should be underlined 
that when Eni acts as operator26 of unincorporated joint ventures27, 
a type of joint venture constituted for the management of oil 
projects, each consideration made directly by Eni is reported in its 
full amount, regardless of whether Eni is reimbursed proportionally 
by the non-operating partners through the mechanism of the cash 
calls. The following disclosure requirements do not apply to: (i) 
incentives/subventions granted to all those entitled in accordance 
with a general assistance aid scheme; (ii) consideration in 
exchange for supplied goods/services, included sponsorships; 
(iii) reimbursements and indemnities paid to persons engaged 
in professional and orientation trainings; (iv) continuous training 
contributions to companies granted by inter-professional funds 
established in the legal form of association; (v) membership fees 
for the participation to industry trade and territorial associations, 
as well as to foundations or similar organizations, which perform 
activities linked with the Company’s business; (vi) costs incurred 
with reference to social projects linked to the investing activities of 
the Company. Contributions are identified on a cash basis28. The 
disclosure includes assistance equal or exceeding €10,000, even 
though they are granted through several payments during 2024. 
Under Art. 1, paragraph 125-quinquies of Law No. 124/2017, for 
received contributions see the information included in the Italian 
State aid Register, prepared in accordance with the Art. 52 of the 
Italian Law 24 December 2012, No. 234.
Granted contributions provided herein are mainly referred to 
foundations, associations and other entities for reputational 
purposes, donations and support for charitable and solidarity 
initiatives:
38 Public contributions - Italian Law No. 124/2017 and subsequent modifications
(25) The following disclosures do not include contribution granted by foreign subsidiaries to foreign beneficiaries.
(26) In the oil projects, the operator is the subject who in accordance with the contractual agreements manages the exploration activities and, in this role, fulfills the payments due
(27) “Unincorporated joint ventures” mean a grouping of companies that operate jointly within the project in accordance with a contract.
(28) In case of non-monetary economic benefits, the cash basis must be assumed substantially referring to the year in which the benefit was enjoyed.
Granted subject 
Amount of the benefit 
granted (€)
Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM)
4,000,000
Fondazione Teatro alla Scala
3,221,088
Eni Foundation
2,771,800
Fondazione Giorgio Cini
500,000
Fondazione Banco dell'energia Ente Filantropico
437,050
WeWorld GVC ONLUS
350,000
Fondazione Terre des Hommes Italia ETS
270,000
Fondazione Dynamo Camp ETS
256,000
EITI - Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative
55,107
Associazione Pionieri e Veterani Eni
56,000
Parrocchia di Santa Barbara – San Donato Milanese
50,000
FONDAZIONE COTEC - Fondazione per l'innovazione tecnologica
50,000
Amici della Terra Italia ONLUS
50,000
Aspen Institute Italia
35,000
E4IMPACT Foundation
35,000
Italiadecide
35,000
Alma Mater Studiorum
30,000
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
392
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Granted subject 
Amount of the benefit 
granted (€)
GCNI - Fondazione Global Compact Network Italia
28,200
Voluntary Principles Association (VPA)
25,038
Casa Bethlem
25,000
Croce Rossa Italiana sezione di Macerata
25,000
Associazione Cilla Liguria  ODV
21,000
Associazione Amici della Luiss Guido Carli
20,000
Centro Studi Americani
20,000
Parrocchia San Giovanni Evangelista - Gela
14,786
Harvard University
11,221
Parks - Liberi e Uguali
10,000
CasAmica ODV
10,000
Fondazione Talento all'opera
10,000
39 Significant non-recurring events and 
operations
In 2024, in 2023 and 2022, Eni did not report any non-recurring 
events and operations.
40 Positions or transactions deriving 
from atypical and/or unusual operations
In 2024, in 2023 and 2022, no transactions deriving from atypical 
and/or unusual operations were reported.
In January 2025, Eni issued two hybrid bonds for a total nominal 
amount of €1.5 billion to repurchase a similar hybrid bond of 
the same amount outstanding at the balance sheet date, which 
was close to its reset date. Following the repurchase offer, about 
83% of the outstanding hybrid bond has been delivered to Eni in 
acceptance of the repurchase offer for an amount of about €1.25 
billion.
On March 6, 2025, Eni and the private equity fund KKR completed 
the investment transaction agreed in October 2024 with KKR 
acquiring a 25% noncontrolling interest in Eni’s subsidiary Enilive 
for a consideration of about €2.97 billion. Previously, in February 
2025, Eni and KKR had agreed another investment transaction 
of a further 5% acquisition by KKR of the share capital of Enilive 
based on the same terms and condition as the transaction defined 
in October 2024. At closing, the fund will have a shareholding of 
30% in Enilive.
On March 19, 2025, Eni and Vitol agreed on the economic terms 
and conditions of the farm-out to Vitol of a 25% working interest 
in the Eni-operated Congo FLNG project (with Eni retaining a post-
closing 40% w.i.) and of a 30% working interest in the Eni-operated 
Baleine oil project offshore Cote d’Ivoire (with Eni retaining a post-
closing 47.25% w.i.) for a cash consideration of $1.65 billion and 
economic date January 1, 2024. Closing is subject to customary 
regulatory approval and other conditions.
41 Subsequent events
At the end of March 2025, Eni was notified by the US Department of 
State that prior authorization concerning in-kind repayment through 
oil supplies of gas produced and supplied in Venezuela to PDVSA 
have been withdrawn. Eni continues its transparent engagement 
with US Authorities on the matter to identify options for ensuring that 
non-sanctioned gas supplies can be remunerated by PDVSA. 2024
393
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Capitalized costs
SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
The following information prepared in accordance with “International Financial Reporting Standards” (IFRS) is presented based on the disclo-
sure rules of the FASB Extractive Activities - Oil and Gas (Topic 932). Amounts related to minority interests are immaterial.
Capitalized costs represent the total expenditures for proved and unproved mineral properties and related support equipment and facilities 
utilized in oil and gas exploration and production activities, together with related accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization. 
Capitalized costs by geographical area consist of the following:
(€ million)
Italy
Rest of 
Europe
North 
Africa
Sub - 
Saharan 
Africa
Kazakhstan
Rest 
of Asia
America
Australia 
and 
Oceania
Total
2024
Consolidated subsidiaries
Proved property
19,272
3,242
43,769
30,245
14,379
15,223
16,212
1,626
143,968
Unproved property
22
190
651
2,393
2,259
887
209
6,611
Support equipment and facilities
339
29
2,012
837
138
14
26
13
3,408
Incomplete wells and other
756
249
2,554
2,583
1,202
2,232
388
149
10,113
Gross Capitalized Costs
20,389
3,710
48,986
36,058
15,719
19,728
17,513
1,997
164,100
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and 
amortization
(16,541)
(2,969)
(36,505)
(24,075)
(5,441)
(12,698)
(14,273)
(1,108) (113,610)
Net Capitalized Costs consolidated 
subsidiaries(a)(b)
3,848
741
12,481
11,983
10,278
7,030
3,240
889
50,490
Equity-accounted entities
Proved property
12,751
645
10,137
295
2,150
25,978
Unproved property
1,178
149
88
1,415
Support equipment and facilities
86
9
82
9
186
Incomplete wells and other
4,989
22
2,246
370
249
7,876
Gross Capitalized Costs
19,004
825
12,553
665
2,408
35,455
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and 
amortization
(6,799)
(140)
(2,809)
(1,644)
(11,392)
Net Capitalized Costs equity-accounted 
entities(a)(c)
12,205
685
9,744
665
764
24,063
(a) The amounts include net capitalized financial charges totalling €830 million for consolidates subsidiaries and €996 million for equity-accounted entities.
(b) Includes allocation at fair value of the assets of Neptune Energy Group.
(c) Includes allocation at fair value of the assets of Neptune Energy Group and of Ithaca Energy in UK.
(€ million)
Italy
Rest of 
Europe
North 
Africa
Sub - 
Saharan 
Africa
Kazakhstan
Rest 
of Asia
America
Australia 
and 
Oceania
Total
2023
Consolidated subsidiaries
Proved property
19,073
6,802
40,429
30,058
13,360
13,048
19,106
1,608
143,484
Unproved property
22
325
651
2,280
7
1,480
859
197
5,821
Support equipment and facilities
310
27
1,868
1,102
128
12
24
12
3,483
Incomplete wells and other
1,006
354
2,146
2,510
1,062
1,834
511
83
9,506
Gross Capitalized Costs
20,411
7,508
45,094
35,950
14,557
16,374
20,500
1,900
162,294
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and 
amortization
(16,515)
(6,390)
(32,559)
(24,796)
(4,578)
(10,853)
(16,042)
(1,060) (112,793)
Net Capitalized Costs consolidated  
subsidiaries (a)(b)
3,896
1,118
12,535
11,154
9,979
5,521
4,458
840
49,501
Equity-accounted entities
Proved property
8,585
119
27,267
278
2,030
38,279
Unproved property
835
69
904
Support equipment and facilities
50
8
257
7
322
Incomplete wells and other
3,790
9
1,823
193
233
6,048
Gross Capitalized Costs
13,260
136
29,416
471
2,270
45,553
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and 
amortization
(4,364)
(73)
(20,707)
(1,480)
(26,624)
Net Capitalized Costs equity-accounted 
entities(a)
8,896
63
8,709
471
790
18,929
(a) The amounts include net capitalized financial charges totalling €709 million for consolidates subsidiaries and €658 million for equity-accounted entities.
(b) Includes allocation at fair value of the assets of the companies acquired by Chevron in Indonesia and by BP in Algeria.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
394
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CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Costs incurred
Costs incurred represent amounts both capitalized and expensed in connection with oil and gas producing activities. Costs incurred by ge-
ographical area consist of the following:
(€ million)
Italy
Rest of 
Europe
North 
Africa
Sub - Saharan 
Africa Kazakhstan
Rest 
of Asia America
Australia 
and 
Oceania
Total
2024
Consolidated subsidiaries
Proved property acquisitions
Unproved property acquisitions
Exploration
47
53
98
139
57
128
124
2
648
Development(a)
445
340
1,168
3,250
252
1,012
760
101
7,328
Total costs incurred consolidated subsidiaries 
492
393
1,266
3,389
309
1,140
884
103
7,976
Equity-accounted entities
Proved property acquisitions
Unproved property acquisitions
Exploration
231
90
321
Development(b)
1,850
15
1,191
157
(6)
3,207
Total costs incurred equity-accounted entities
2,081
15
1,281
157
(6)
3,528
2023
Consolidated subsidiaries
Proved property acquisitions
Unproved property acquisitions
Exploration
12
55
328
189
9
277
138
1
1,009
Development(a)
798
249
1,633
2,662
296
921
937
151
7,647
Total costs incurred consolidated subsidiaries 
810
304
1,961
2,851
305
1,198
1,075
152
8,656
Equity-accounted entities
Proved property acquisitions
Unproved property acquisitions
Exploration
92
46
138
Development(b)
1,703
4
731
150
2
2,590
Total costs incurred equity-accounted entities
1,795
4
777
150
2
2,728
2022
Proved property acquisitions
Proved property acquisitions
4
51
82
137
Unproved property acquisitions
2
111
11
124
Exploration
12
101
247
295
4
253
26
1
939
Development(a)
216
(129)
1,138
1,458
277
835
1,292
117
5,204
Total costs incurred consolidated subsidiaries
234
(28)
1,547
1,764
281
1,088
1,400
118
6,404
Equity-accounted entities
Proved property acquisitions
291
291
Unproved property acquisitions
Exploration
73
13
86
Development(b)
1,690
(8)
125
49
(9)
1,847
Total costs incurred equity-accounted entities
1,763
(8)
138
340
(9)
2,224
(a) Includes abandonment costs for €73 million in 2024, abandonment costs for €773 million in 2023, decrease of the assets for €307 million in 2022.
(b) Includes abandonment costs for €42 million in 2024, abandonment costs for €163 million in 2023, decrease of the assets for €111 million in 2022.
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
395
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Results of operations from oil and gas producing activities
Results of operations from oil and gas producing activities represent 
only those revenues and expenses directly associated with such acti-
vities, including operating overheads. These amounts do not include 
any allocation of interest expenses or general corporate overheads 
and, therefore, are not necessarily indicative of the contributions to 
consolidated net earnings of Eni. Related income taxes are calcu-
lated by applying the local income tax rates to the pre-tax income 
from production activities. Eni is party to certain Production Sharing 
Agreements (PSAs), whereby a portion of Eni’s share of oil and gas 
production is withheld and sold by its joint venture partners which are 
state owned entities, with proceeds being remitted to the state to ful-
fil Eni’s PSA related tax liabilities. Revenue and income taxes include 
such taxes owed by Eni but paid by state-owned entities out of Eni’s 
share of oil and gas production.
Results of operations from oil and gas producing activities by geo-
graphical area consist of the following:
(€ million)
Italy
Rest of 
Europe
North 
Africa
Sub 
Saharan 
Africa Kazakhstan
Rest 
of Asia
America
Australia 
and 
Oceania
Total
2024
Consolidated subsidiaries
Revenues:
- sales to consolidated entities
1,256
524
1,590
1,984
1,747
3,171
1,364
11,636
- sales to third parties
462
7,135
892
958
752
138
19
10,356
Total revenues
1,256
986
8,725
2,876
2,705
3,923
1,502
19
21,992
Production costs
(350)
(328)
(971)
(617)
(280)
(392)
(403)
(25)
(3,366)
Transportation costs
(4)
(86)
(65)
(8)
(175)
(8)
(15)
(361)
Production taxes
(139)
(1)
(299)
(276)
(339)
(73)
(1,127)
Exploration expenses
(16)
(158)
(148)
(54)
(81)
(243)
(39)
(2)
(741)
D.D. & A. and Provision for abandonment(a) 
(606)
(440)
(1,880)
(2,121)
(555)
(1,142)
(1,373)
(52)
(8,169)
Other income (expenses)
(179)
(413)
(330)
(280)
(168)
(335)
(45)
(7)
(1,757)
Pretax income from producing activities
(38)
(440)
5,032
(480)
1,446
1,464
(446)
(67)
6,471
Income taxes
73
134
(3,150)
(347)
(507)
(1,283)
39
23
(5,018)
Results of operations from E&P activities 
of consolidated subsidiaries 
35
(306)
1,882
(827)
939
181
(407)
(44)
1,453
Equity-accounted entities
Revenues:
- sales to consolidated entities
3,330
1,149
4,479
- sales to third parties
1,213
162
1,682
669
3,726
Total revenues
4,543
162
2,831
669
8,205
Production costs
(711)
(33)
(621)
(23)
(1,388)
Transportation costs
(151)
(15)
(3)
(169)
Production taxes
(2)
(42)
(148)
(192)
Exploration expenses
(119)
(7)
(126)
D.D. & A. and Provision for abandonment 
(1,150)
(62)
(864)
(66)
(2,142)
Other income (expenses)
37
(26)
(127)
(1)
(333)
(450)
Pretax income from producing activities
2,449
24
1,170
(1)
96
3,738
Income taxes
(1,839)
(2)
(456)
(42)
(2,339)
Results of operations from E&P activities 
of equity-accounted entities
610
22
714
(1)
54
1,399
(a) Includes asset net impairment amounting to €2,203 million.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
396
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REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(€ million)
Italy
Rest of 
Europe
North 
Africa
Sub 
Saharan 
Africa
Kazakhstan
Rest 
of Asia America
Australia 
and 
Oceania
Total
2023
Consolidated subsidiaries
Revenues:
- sales to consolidated entities
1,475
862
1,477
1,745
1,845
2,970
1,661
1
12,036
- sales to third parties
18
7,936
903
897
532
135
51
10,472
Total revenues
1,475
880
9,413
2,648
2,742
3,502
1,796
52
22,508
Production costs
(348)
(202)
(952)
(656)
(267)
(304)
(469)
(25)
(3,223)
Transportation costs
(3)
(43)
(68)
(10)
(178)
(6)
(19)
(327)
Production taxes
(152)
(300)
(294)
(326)
(73)
(1,145)
Exploration expenses
(12)
(14)
(245)
(121)
(2)
(140)
(152)
(1)
(687)
D.D. & A. and Provision for 
abandonment(a) 
(886)
(166)
(1,979)
(716)
(601)
(1,093)
(1,531)
(95)
(7,067)
Other income (expenses)
(347)
(117)
(360)
(128)
(148)
(263)
(108)
(7)
(1,478)
Pretax income from producing activities
(273)
338
5,509
723
1,546
1,370
(556)
(76)
8,581
Income taxes
169
(292)
(3,368)
(391)
(503)
(1,150)
369
19
(5,147)
Results of operations from E&P 
activities of consolidated subsidiaries 
(104)
46
2,141
332
1,043
220
(187)
(57)
3,434
Equity-accounted entities
Revenues:
- sales to consolidated entities
2,911
958
3,869
- sales to third parties
1,063
10
1,905
604
3,582
Total revenues
3,974
10
2,863
604
7,451
Production costs
(562)
(6)
(535)
(20)
(1,123)
Transportation costs
(102)
(1)
(26)
(3)
(132)
Production taxes
(2)
(54)
(126)
(182)
Exploration expenses
(50)
(37)
(87)
D.D. & A. and Provision for abandonment 
(1,116)
(5)
(1,314)
(1)
(68)
(2,504)
Other income (expenses)
(78)
(1)
24
(4)
(372)
(431)
Pretax income from producing activities
2,066
(5)
921
(5)
15
2,992
Income taxes
(1,614)
6
(273)
1
(56)
(1,936)
Results of operations from E&P 
activities of equity-accounted entities
452
1
648
(4)
(41)
1,056
(a) Includes asset net impairment amounting to €1,036 million.
397
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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ANNEX

(€ million)
Italy
Rest of 
Europe
North 
Africa
Sub 
Saharan 
Africa
Kazakhstan
Rest 
of Asia
America
Australia 
and 
Oceania
Total
2022
Consolidated subsidiaries
Revenues:
- sales to consolidated entities
1,952
1,854
2,095
4,434
1,602
2,982
1,683
3
16,605
- sales to third parties
329
23
8,843
1,216
1,001
837
307
72
12,628
Total revenues
2,281
1,877
10,938
5,650
2,603
3,819
1,990
75
29,233
Production costs
(387)
(189)
(970)
(871)
(241)
(326)
(410)
(21)
(3,415)
Transportation costs
(3)
(42)
(55)
(29)
(147)
(3)
(16)
(295)
Production taxes
(286)
(330)
(478)
(421)
(63)
(1,578)
Exploration expenses
(11)
(25)
(268)
(150)
(6)
(123)
(21)
(1)
(605)
D.D. & A. and Provision for 
abandonment(a) 
(449)
(158)
(1,995)
(1,488)
(434)
(727)
(707)
(90)
(6,048)
Other income (expenses)
(1,987)
(98)
1,577
(196)
(127)
(292)
2
(4)
(1,125)
Pretax income from producing activities
(842)
1,365
8,897
2,438
1,648
1,927
775
(41)
16,167
Income taxes
337
(665)
(3,932)
(979)
(524)
(1,457)
(41)
47
(7,214)
Results of operations from E&P 
activities of consolidated subsidiaries 
(505)
700
4,965
1,459
1,124
470
734
6
8,953
Equity-accounted entities
Revenues:
- sales to consolidated entities
2,937
572
3,509
- sales to third parties
3,039
14
1,327
533
4,913
Total revenues
5,976
14
1,899
533
8,422
Production costs
(567)
(6)
(244)
(24)
(841)
Transportation costs
(131)
(1)
(9)
(141)
Production taxes
(2)
(15)
(123)
(140)
Exploration expenses
(44)
(7)
(13)
(64)
D.D. & A. and Provision for abandonment 
(1,121)
(6)
(628)
(1)
(63)
(1,819)
Other income (expenses)
(64)
(271)
1
(234)
(568)
Pretax income from producing activities
4,049
(1)
725
(13)
89
4,849
Income taxes
(3,076)
3
(21)
(105)
(3,199)
Results of operations from E&P 
activities of equity-accounted entities
973
2
704
(13)
(16)
1,650
(a) Includes asset net impairment amounting to €279 million.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
398
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Proved reserves of oil and natural gas
Eni’s criteria concerning evaluation and classification of proved de-
veloped and undeveloped reserves comply with Regulation S-X 4-10 
of the US Securities and Exchange Commission and have been di-
sclosed in accordance with FASB Extractive Activities - Oil and Gas 
(Topic 932).
Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas, whi-
ch, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estima-
ted with reasonable certainty to be economically producible, from a 
given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing eco-
nomic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations, 
prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate 
expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, 
regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are 
used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons 
must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain 
that it will commence the project within a reasonable time.
Existing economic conditions include prices and costs at which eco-
nomic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. The price 
shall be the average price during the 12-month period prior to the 
ending date of the period covered by the report, determined as an 
un-weighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price 
for each month within such period, unless prices are defined by 
contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future 
conditions. In 2024, the average price for the marker Brent crude oil 
was $81 per barrel. Net proved reserves exclude interests and royal-
ties owned by others.
Proved reserves are classified as either developed or undeveloped. 
Developed oil and gas reserves are reserves that can be expected 
to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and 
operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment 
is relatively minor compared to the cost of a new well. Undeveloped 
oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that are expected 
to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from exi-
sting wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for re-
completion.
Eni has its proved reserves evaluated on a rotational basis by indepen-
dent oil engineering companies29. The description of qualifications of 
the person primarily responsible of the reserves audit is included in 
the third-party audit report30. In the preparation of their reports, inde-
pendent evaluators rely, without independent verification, upon data 
furnished by Eni with respect to property interest, production, current 
costs of operation and development, sale agreements, prices and 
other factual information and data that were accepted as represen-
ted by the independent evaluators. Eni’s net equity share after cost 
recovery. These data, equally used by Eni in its internal process, in-
clude logs, directional surveys, core and PVT (Pressure Volume Tem-
perature) analysis, maps, oil/gas/water production/injection data of 
wells, reservoir studies and technical analysis relevant to field perfor-
mance, long-term development plans, future capital and operating 
costs. In order to calculate the economic value of Eni equity reserves, 
actual prices applicable to hydrocarbon sales, price adjustments re-
quired by applicable contractual arrangements, and other pertinent 
information are provided. 
The volumes and monetary values of the reserves of certain joint 
venture and affiliated companies are certified on their behalf in a si-
milar manner by independent petroleum engineering companies and 
provided to Eni31.
In 2024, an independent evaluation of about 40%32 of Eni’s total pro-
ved reserves as of December 31, 2024, confirming, as in previous 
years, the reasonableness of Eni’s internal evaluations.
In the three-year period from 2022 to 2024, 85% of Eni’s total proved 
reserves were subject to independent evaluation. 
Eni operates under production sharing agreements in several of the 
foreign jurisdictions where it has oil and gas exploration and pro-
duction activities. Reserves of oil and natural gas to which Eni is en-
titled under PSA arrangements are shown in accordance with Eni’s 
economic interest in the volumes of oil and natural gas estimated 
to be recoverable in future years. Such reserves include estimated 
quantities allocated to Eni for recovery of costs, income taxes owed 
by Eni but settled by its joint venture partners (which are state-owned 
entities) out of Eni’s share of production and Eni’s net equity sha-
re after cost recovery. Proved oil and gas reserves associated with 
PSAs represented 57%, 55% and 54% of total proved reserves as of 
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 respectively, on an oil-equiva-
lent basis. Similar effects as PSAs apply to service contracts; proved 
reserves related to these contracts represent 2% of total proved re-
serves in barrels of oil equivalent for both 2024 and the years 2023 
and 2022.
Oil and gas reserves quantities include: (i) oil and natural gas quanti-
ties in excess of cost recovery which the Company has an obligation 
to purchase under certain PSAs with governments or authorities, 
whereby the Company serves as producer of reserves. Reserves 
volumes associated with oil and gas deriving from such obligation 
represent 1%, 2% and 3% of total proved reserves as of December 
(29) For the past three years we have availed of the independent certification service of DeGolyer and Mac Naughton, Ryder Scott, and Sproule.
(30) The reports of independent engineers are available on Eni website eni.com section Publications/Annual Report 2024.
(31) In 2024 Azule and Vår Energi.
(32) In 2024, the volumes of Azule Energy and Vår Energi are included, for which Eni has requested a Third Party Letter.
399
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Proved undeveloped reserves
31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, on an oil equivalent basis; (ii) 
volumes of proved reserves of natural gas to be consumed in opera-
tions amounted to 2,380 BCF at 2024 year-end (2,338 BCF and 2,389 
BCF respectively at 2023 and 2022 year-end); (iii) the quantities of 
hydrocarbons related to the Angola LNG plant owned by the JV Azule 
set up 50% with bp during the year.
Numerous uncertainties are inherent in estimating quantities of pro-
ved reserves, in projecting future productions and development co-
sts. The accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the quality 
Proved undeveloped reserves as of December 31, 2024, totalled 
2,787 mmBOE. At year-end, proved undeveloped reserves of liquids 
amounted to 1,192 mmBBL and of natural gas amounted to 8,343 
BCF, mainly concentrated in Africa and Asia. 
In 2024, total proved undeveloped reserves increased by 368 mm-
boe (proved undeveloped reserves of consolidated companies de-
creased by 29 mmboe, while those of joint ventures and associates 
increased by 397 mmboe).
Main changes derived from:
i)	 Progress in conversion to proved developed reserves (-128 mil-
lion boe) mainly related to the advancement of development 
activities, reservoir start-ups and project reviews related to Ba-
leine in Ivory Coast, Azule Energy in Angola, Karachaganak in 
Kazakhstan, and Cassiopea in Italy;
ii)	 new discoveries and extensions amounting to 367 million boe, 
of which 51 million boe of liquids and 316 million boe of gas, 
are mainly the result of the recognition of reserves from the Co-
ral North project (329 million boe), based on Eni’s final invest-
ment decision, the status and commitment by the joint venture 
operating the project, and the reasonable expectation that the 
remaining formal approvals from the Mozambique government 
authorities will be obtained shortly. The development of the Co-
of available data and engineering and geological interpretation and 
evaluation. The results of drilling, testing and production after the 
date of the estimate may require substantial upward or downward 
revisions. In addition, changes in oil and natural gas prices have an 
effect on the quantities of Eni’s proved reserves since estimates of 
reserves are based on prices and costs relevant to the date when 
such estimates are made. Consequently, the evaluation of reserves 
could also significantly differ from actual oil and natural gas volumes 
that will be produced.
Proved undeveloped reserves of consolidated subsidiaries amoun-
ted to 775 mmBBL of liquids and 4,489 BCF of natural gas. The table 
below provide a summary of changes in total proved undeveloped 
reserves for 2024.
ral North project is regulated under the terms and conditions of 
the Area 4 PSC awarded to the joint venture in 2006. In addition, 
the new discoveries and extensions also refer to the final invest-
ment decision and the obtaining of all approvals for the projects, 
of Bonga North in Nigeria (23 million boe) and Umm Shaif in the 
United Arab Emirates (15 million boe);
iii)	revisions of previous estimates (107 million boe), mainly in li-
quids. Positive revisions mainly refer to the advancement of de-
velopment activity in the United Arab Emirates (155 million boe) 
mainly in the Hail & Ghasha fields and in the United States (18 
million boe). Negative revisions mainly refer to a reduction in Var 
Energi (-58 million boe) and Libya (-29 million boe);
iv)	portfolio operations (+22 million boe), from the effect of the 
acquisition of Neptune, which brought new assets in Norway, 
Indonesia, and the UK, and from the business combination with 
Ithaca Energy (sale of UK assets to Ithaca Energy and acquisi-
tion of 37.17% stake in all assets in Ithaca Energy) and from the 
sale of assets in Alaska, Nigeria, and Congo.
(mmboe)
Proved undeveloped reserves as of December 31, 2023
2,419
Transfer to proved developed reserves
(128)
Extensions and discoveries
367
Revisions of previous estimates
107
Improved recovery
Portfolio
22
Proved undeveloped reserves as of December 31, 2024
2,787
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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ANNEX

Proved reserves of crude oil (including condensate and natural gas liquids)
(million barrels)
Italy
Rest of 
Europe
North 
Africa
Sub 
Saharan 
Africa
Kazakhstan
Rest 
of Asia
America
Australia 
and 
Oceania
Total
2024
Consolidated subsidiaries
Reserves at December 31, 2023
211
27
523
334
637
485
213
2,430
of which: developed
136
24
326
225
576
240
163
1,690
undeveloped
75
3
197
109
61
245
50
740
Purchase of Minerals in Place
8
8
Revisions of Previous Estimates
12
22
(6)
105
52
185
Improved Recovery
1
1
Extensions and Discoveries
15
22
37
Production
(10)
(6)
(65)
(32)
(40)
(34)
(21)
(208)
Sales of Minerals in Place
(29)
(71)
(118)
(218)
Reserves at December 31, 2024
213
458
268
591
578
127
2,235
Equity-accounted entities
Reserves at December 31, 2023
326
6
207
110
26
675
of which: developed
167
6
107
26
306
undeveloped
159
100
110
369
Purchase of Minerals in Place
90
1
2
93
Revisions of Previous Estimates
21
2
35
58
Improved Recovery
Extensions and Discoveries
14
14
Production
(44)
(1)
(32)
(3)
(80)
Sales of Minerals in Place
(2)
(2)
Reserves at December 31, 2024
391
8
226
110
23
758
Reserves at December 31, 2024
213
391
466
494
591
688
150
2,993
Developed
129
207
299
290
539
233
104
1,801
consolidated subsidiaries
129
291
187
539
233
81
1,460
equity-accounted entities
207
8
103
23
341
Undeveloped
84
184
167
204
52
455
46
1,192
consolidated subsidiaries
84
167
81
52
345
46
775
equity-accounted entities
184
123
110
417
401
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(million barrels)
Italy
Rest of 
Europe
North 
Africa
Sub 
Saharan 
Africa
Kazakhstan
Rest 
of Asia
America
Australia 
and 
Oceania
Total
2023
Consolidated subsidiaries
Reserves at December 31, 2022
188
36
531
367
644
433
234
1
2,434
of which: developed
139
32
336
212
585
231
171
1
1,707
undeveloped
49
4
195
155
59
202
63
727
Purchase of Minerals in Place
4
4
Revisions of Previous Estimates
34
(2)
58
(2)
35
35
3
(1)
160
Improved Recovery
Extensions and Discoveries
50
50
Production
(11)
(7)
(70)
(31)
(42)
(31)
(24)
(216)
Sales of Minerals in Place
(2)
(2)
Reserves at December 31, 2023
211
27
523
334
637
485
213
2,430
Equity-accounted entities
Reserves at December 31, 2022
350
8
235
100
27
720
of which: developed
173
8
135
27
343
undeveloped
177
100
100
377
Purchase of Minerals in Place
2
2
Revisions of Previous Estimates
9
(1)
2
10
20
Improved Recovery
Extensions and Discoveries
Production
(32)
(1)
(32)
(1)
(66)
Sales of Minerals in Place
(1)
(1)
Reserves at December 31, 2023
326
6
207
110
26
675
Reserves at December 31, 2023
211
353
529
541
637
595
239
3,105
Developed
136
191
332
332
576
240
189
1,996
consolidated subsidiaries
136
24
326
225
576
240
163
1,690
equity-accounted entities
167
6
107
26
306
Undeveloped
75
162
197
209
61
355
50
1,109
consolidated subsidiaries
75
3
197
109
61
245
50
740
equity-accounted entities
159
100
110
369
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
402
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(million barrels)
Italy
Rest of 
Europe
North 
Africa
Sub 
Saharan 
Africa
Kazakhstan
Rest 
of Asia
America
Australia 
and 
Oceania
Total
2022
Consolidated subsidiaries
Reserves at December 31, 2021
197
34
603
589
710
476
237
1
2,847
of which: developed
146
34
389
435
641
262
164
1
2,072
undeveloped
51
214
154
69
214
73
775
Purchase of Minerals in Place
1
17
2
20
Revisions of Previous Estimates
3
6
(24)
(62)
(34)
(15)
13
(113)
Improved Recovery
2
4
6
Extensions and Discoveries
3
6
61
70
Production
(13)
(7)
(73)
(51)
(32)
(28)
(22)
(226)
Sales of Minerals in Place
(170)
(170)
Reserves at December 31, 2022
188
36
531
367
644
433
234
1
2,434
Equity-accounted entities
Reserves at December 31, 2021
378
9
21
6
414
of which: developed
175
9
9
6
199
undeveloped
203
12
215
Purchase of Minerals in Place
132
100
232
Revisions of Previous Estimates
38
37
22
97
Improved Recovery
4
4
Extensions and Discoveries
4
54
58
Production
(33)
(1)
(13)
(1)
(48)
Sales of Minerals in Place
(37)
(37)
Reserves at December 31, 2022
350
8
235
100
27
720
Reserves at December 31, 2022
188
386
539
602
644
533
261
1
3,154
Developed
139
205
344
347
585
231
198
1
2,050
consolidated subsidiaries
139
32
336
212
585
231
171
1
1,707
equity-accounted entities
173
8
135
27
343
Undeveloped
49
181
195
255
59
302
63
1,104
consolidated subsidiaries
49
4
195
155
59
202
63
727
equity-accounted entities
177
100
100
377
Main changes in proved reserves of crude oil (including condensates and natural gas liquids) reported in the tables above for the period 2024, 
2023 and 2022 are discussed below.
403
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Consolidated subsidiaries
PURCHASE OF MINERALS IN PLACE
In 2022, 20 mmbbl were booked, mainly for the acquisition of the 
BHP share in Algeria and a share in some fields in the United States 
Gulf of Mexico. 
In 2023, we had an acquisition of some BP assets in Algeria for 4 
mmbbl.
In 2024, 8 mmbbl were obtained for the acquisition of the Neptune 
company.
REVISIONS OF PREVIOUS ESTIMATES
In 2022, revisions of previous estimates were negative of 113 mmbbl. 
The main positive revisions were in the United Arab Emirates (+23 
mmbbl) particularly of the Umm Shaif field (19 mmbbl), the United 
States (+16 mmbbl) mainly at the Triton and Allegheny fields, and Li-
bya (15 mmbbl) at the Wafa and Structure E fields. The main negative 
changes were in Nigeria (-70 mmbbl), Iraq (-39 mmbbl) and Kazakh-
stan (-34 mmbbl) due to price effect and Algeria (-23 mmbbl).
In 2023, revisions of previous estimates were +160 mmbbl. The main 
positive revisions were in Libya (+53 mmbbl) mainly in Area D and Bouri 
due to contractual changes and price effect; in Kazakhstan (+35 mmb-
bl) in Kashagan and Karachaganak fields mainly due to price effect; in 
Italy (+34 mmbbl) mainly in Val d’Agri and Gela; in Iraq (+24 mmbbl) in 
Zubair field due to price effect. The main negative changes were Nige-
ria (-8 mmbbl) mainly on NAOC fields; in the United States of America 
(-10 mmbbl) mainly on Triton, Oooguruk and Allegheny fields.
In 2024, revisions of previous estimates were +185 mmbbl. The main 
positive revisions were in the United Arab Emirates (+110 mmbbl) mainly 
in the Ghasha, Lower Zakum and Hail fields, due to availability of updated 
data from the new wells; in Algeria (+30 mmbbl) mainly in the Berkine 
North fields due to better performances. The main negative revisions 
were in Egypt (-31 mmbbl) mainly concentrated in the Belayim and Me-
leiha fields and considered the performance trends of the fields.
IMPROVED RECOVERY
In 2022, 6 mmbbl were booked due to improved recovery mainly at 
the Mizton field in Mexico and the BRW field in Algeria.
In 2023, there were no increases due to improvements from assisted 
recovery.
In 2024, there was 1 mmbbl due to improvements from assisted re-
covery on the St. Malo field in the United States of America. 
EXTENSIONS AND DISCOVERIES
In 2022, 70 mmbbl of new discoveries and extensions were realized 
mainly due to the final investment decision on the development of 
the Baleine field in Ivory Coast (59 mmbbl), the NAHE project in Alge-
ria, and the Talbot field in the United Kingdom.
In 2023, new discoveries and extensions amounted to 50 mmbbl, 
mainly related to the United Arab Emirates following the final invest-
ment decision in the Hail and Ghasha project.
In 2024, new discoveries and extensions amounted to 37 mmbbl, mainly 
due to the final investment decision in the Umm Shaif projects in the 
United Arab Emirates (22 mmbbl) and Bonga North in Nigeria (15 
mmbbl).
SALES OF MINERALS IN PLACE
In 2022, 170 mmbbl were de-booked in connection to the contribu-
tion of Eni’s assets in Angola to the JV Azule set up 50% with bp and 
the sale of OML 11 in Nigeria.
In 2023, the divestment of 2 mmbbl mainly concerned the reduction 
of the share in the Ghasha concession in the United Arab Emirates.
In 2024, 218 mmbbl of divestments were recorded. Of these, 71 
mmbbl were related to the sale of NAOC assets in Nigeria, 118 mmbbl 
to the sale of assets in Alaska, and the remainder were related to the 
sale of some minor fields in Congo and the results of the business 
combination with Ithaca Energy.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
404
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Equity-accounted entities
PURCHASE OF MINERALS IN PLACE
In 2022, acquisitions amounted to 232 mmbbl due to the acquisition 
of a 50% stake in the JV Azule in Angola (132 mmbbl) and to Eni’s 
joining the NFE project in Qatar (100 mmbbl).
In 2023, the 2 mmbbl of acquisition of a share in Block 3/05a in Azule.
Acquisitions in 2024 amounted to 93 mmbbl and were mainly due to 
the business combination with Ithaca Energy and Vår Energi’s acqui-
sition of Neptune.
REVISIONS OF PREVIOUS ESTIMATES
In 2022, revisions were a positive 97 mmbbl, located mainly in Azule 
in Angola (+38 mmbbl), Vår Energi in Norway (+37 mmbbl) and Ve-
nezuela (+21 mmbbl).
In 2023, positive revisions of +20 mmbbl were mainly due to Qatar 
(+10 mmbbl) on the NFE field, Vår Energi in Norway (+9 mmbbl).
In 2024, revisions were positive by 58 mmbbl, affecting mainly Azule 
Energy and Vår Energi.
EXTENSIONS AND DISCOVERIES
In 2022, extensions and new discoveries of 58 mmbbl were reported 
by Azule in Angola and Vår Energi in Norway.
No extensions or new discoveries were recorded in 2023.
In 2024, extensions and new discoveries of 14 mmbbl were mainly 
the result of the inclusion of reserves from the Coral North project.
SALES OF MINERALS IN PLACE
In 2022, sales of 37 mmbbl related to the IPO of Vår Energi in Norway.
In 2023, sales amounted to -1 mmbbl for the divestment of the Brage 
field in Vår Energi in Norway.
In 2024, divestments of 2 mmbbl involved assets of Vår Energi.
405
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(billion cubic feet) 
Italy
Rest of 
Europe
North 
Africa
Sub 
Saharan 
Africa
Kazakhstan
Rest 
of Asia
America
Australia 
and 
Oceania
Total
2024
Consolidated subsidiaries
Reserves at December 31, 2023
859
174
5,935
2,479
1,546
1,303
131
192
12,619
of which: developed
653
167
3,181
1,350
1,546
725
107
58
7,787
undeveloped
206
7
2,754
1,129
578
24
134
4,832
Purchase of Minerals in Place
184
9
226
419
Revisions of Previous Estimates
30
2
172
194
35
267
23
3
726
Improved Recovery
Extensions and Discoveries
2
2
4
Production(a)
(72)
(71)
(778)
(164)
(92)
(215)
(18)
(5)
(1,415)
Sales of Minerals in Place
(235)
(580)
(42)
(857)
Reserves at December 31, 2024
817
54
5,338
1,931
1,489
1,583
94
190
11,496
Equity-accounted entities
Reserves at December 31, 2023
515
14
1,501
1,406
1,260
4,696
of which: developed
359
14
1,036
1,260
2,669
undeveloped
156
465
1,406
2,027
Purchase of Minerals in Place
544
174
718
Revisions of Previous Estimates
28
56
38
5
3
130
Improved Recovery
Extensions and Discoveries
1,651
1,651
Production(b)
(139)
(22)
(87)
(104)
(352)
Sales of Minerals in Place
(9)
(9)
Reserves at December 31, 2024
939
222
3,103
1,411
1,159
6,834
Reserves at December 31, 2024
817
993
5,560
5,034
1,489
2,994
1,253
190
18,330
Developed
693
597
2,914
2,260
1,486
799
1,215
23
9,987
consolidated subsidiaries
693
52
2,692
1,206
1,486
799
56
23
7,007
equity-accounted entities
545
222
1,054
1,159
2,980
Undeveloped
124
396
2,646
2,774
3
2,195
38
167
8,343
consolidated subsidiaries
124
2
2,646
725
3
784
38
167
4,489
equity-accounted entities
394
2,049
1,411
3,854
(a) Includes production volumes consumed in operations equal to 223 Bcf.
(b) Includes production volumes consumed in operations equal to 33 Bcf.
Proved reserves of natural gas
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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ANNEX

(billion cubic feet) 
Italy
Rest of 
Europe
North 
Africa
Sub 
Saharan 
Africa
Kazakhstan
Rest 
of Asia
America
Australia 
and 
Oceania
Total
2023
Consolidated subsidiaries
Reserves at December 31, 2022
869
223
6,204
2,341
1,560
1,281
264
408
13,150
of which: developed
695
214
3,402
1,306
1,560
796
195
223
8,391
undeveloped
174
9
2,802
1,035
485
69
185
4,759
Purchase of Minerals in Place
214
214
Revisions of Previous Estimates
67
(10)
326
294
79
112
5
(202)
671
Improved Recovery
Extensions and Discoveries
4
5
275
284
Production(a)
(77)
(39)
(813)
(161)
(93)
(187)
(25)
(14)
(1,409)
Sales of Minerals in Place
(178)
(113)
(291)
Reserves at December 31, 2023
859
174
5,935
2,479
1,546
1,303
131
192
12,619
Equity-accounted entities
Reserves at December 31, 2022
646
9
1,562
1,490
1,355
5,062
of which: developed
444
9
1,070
1,355
2,878
undeveloped
202
492
1,490
2,184
Purchase of Minerals in Place
Revisions of Previous Estimates
(32)
6
22
(84)
7
(81)
Improved Recovery
Extensions and Discoveries
Production(b)
(97)
(1)
(83)
(102)
(283)
Sales of Minerals in Place
(2)
(2)
Reserves at December 31, 2023
515
14
1,501
1,406
1,260
4,696
Reserves at December 31, 2023
859
689
5,949
3,980
1,546
2,709
1,391
192
17,315
Developed
653
526
3,195
2,386
1,546
725
1,367
58
10,456
consolidated subsidiaries
653
167
3,181
1,350
1,546
725
107
58
7,787
equity-accounted entities
359
14
1,036
1,260
2,669
Undeveloped
206
163
2,754
1,594
1,984
24
134
6,859
consolidated subsidiaries
206
7
2,754
1,129
578
24
134
4,832
equity-accounted entities
156
465
1,406
2,027
(a) Includes production volumes consumed in operations equal to 206 Bcf.
(b) Includes production volumes consumed in operations equal to 33 Bcf.
407
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Italy
Rest of 
Europe
North 
Africa
Sub 
Saharan 
Africa
Kazakhstan
Rest 
of Asia
America
Australia 
and 
Oceania
Total
2022
Consolidated subsidiaries
Reserves at December 31, 2021
918
247
6,424
2,953
1,705
1,522
274
428
14,471
of which: developed
729
242
4,437
1,759
1,705
971
210
266
10,319
undeveloped
189
5
1,987
1,194
551
64
162
4,152
Purchase of Minerals in Place
6
2
8
Revisions of Previous Estimates
39
15
473
(285)
(73)
(53)
17
(1)
132
Improved Recovery
1
1
Extensions and Discoveries
7
89
154
250
Production(a)
(88)
(46)
(789)
(176)
(72)
(185)
(29)
(19)
(1,404)
Sales of Minerals in Place
(305)
(3)
(308)
Reserves at December 31, 2022
869
223
6,204
2,341
1,560
1,281
264
408
13,150
Equity-accounted entities
Reserves at December 31, 2021
654
10
1,285
1,460
3,409
of which: developed
457
10
165
1,460
2,092
undeveloped
197
1,120
1,317
Purchase of Minerals in Place
194
1,490
1,684
Revisions of Previous Estimates
144
127
(10)
261
Improved Recovery
Extensions and Discoveries
19
19
Production(b)
(108)
(1)
(44)
(95)
(248)
Sales of Minerals in Place
(63)
(63)
Reserves at December 31, 2022
646
9
1,562
1,490
1,355
5,062
Reserves at December 31, 2022
869
869
6,213
3,903
1,560
2,771
1,619
408
18,212
Developed
695
658
3,411
2,376
1,560
796
1,550
223
11,269
consolidated subsidiaries
695
214
3,402
1,306
1,560
796
195
223
8,391
equity-accounted entities
444
9
1,070
1,355
2,878
Undeveloped
174
211
2,802
1,527
1,975
69
185
6,943
consolidated subsidiaries
174
9
2,802
1,035
485
69
185
4,759
equity-accounted entities
202
492
1,490
2,184
(a) Includes production volumes consumed in operations equal to 208 Bcf.
(b) Includes production volumes consumed in operations equal to 27 Bcf.
Main changes in proved reserves of natural gas reported in the tables above for 2024, 2023 and 2022 are discussed below.
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Consolidated subsidiaries
PURCHASE OF MINERALS IN PLACE
In 2022, acquisitions of 8 BCF cubic meters were made mainly for 
the acquisition of the BHP share in Algeria (6 BCF) and a share in 
some fields in the United States Gulf of Mexico.
In 2023, there was 214 BCF meters due to the acquisition of some 
BP assets in Algeria.
In 2024, 419 BCF were reported for the acquisition of the Neptune 
company in Indonesia, Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
REVISIONS OF PREVIOUS ESTIMATES
In 2022, total revisions were 132 BCF. The main positive revisions 
were in Congo (469 BCF) mainly at the Nené field, Libya (357 BCF) 
and Egypt (193 BCF). The main negative revisions were in Nigeria 
(-764 BCF), Algeria (-74 BCF) and Kazakhstan (-73 BCF).
In 2023, total revisions were +671 BCF. The main positive revisions 
were recorded in: Libya (+651 BCF) in Area D and Bouri due to con-
tractual changes and price effect; in Congo (+237 BCF) mainly in 
Mboundi Gas and Nene; in Algeria (+178 BCF) mainly in Block 208-
404. The main negative revisions were in Australia (-202 BCF) in the 
Blacktip field and in Egypt (-506 BCF) mainly for the reconfiguration of 
the Zohr project phase 2, which entailed a review of the compression 
design and a downward revision of the relevant reserves.
In 2024, total revisions were +726 BCF. The main revisions were in 
the United Arab Emirates (+256 BCF) mainly in the Hail and Ghasha 
fields due to availability of updated data from the new wells; in Al-
geria (+101 BCF) mainly in the In Amenas, In Salah, HBNS and Brn 
Silurian fields due to better performance; in Ivory Coast (+87 BCF) in 
the Baleine field due to better performance; and in Ghana (+76 BCF) 
in the Sankofa field as a result of the implementation of compression 
activities.
IMPROVED RECOVERY
In 2022, we had 1 BCF of improved recoveries in Algeria on the 
BRW and BKNE Alpha fields.
In 2023 and 2024 there were no improvements from assisted re-
covery.
EXTENSIONS AND DISCOVERIES
In 2022, new discoveries and extensions amounted to 250 BCF and 
mainly related to the final investment decision in Baleine in Ivory Co-
ast and Bashrush in Egypt.
In 2023, new discoveries and extensions were 284 BCF in United 
Arab Emirates (217 BCF) as a result of the final investment decision 
in the Hail and Ghasha project and Indonesia (59 BCF) for the final 
investment decision in Merakes East.
In 2024, new discoveries and extensions totalled 4 BCF, following 
the final investment decision in the Umm Shaif projects in the United 
Arab Emirates (2 BCF) and Bonga North in Nigeria (2 BCF).
SALES OF MINERALS IN PLACE
In 2022, sales were 308 BCF in relation to the contribution of Eni’s 
assets in Angola to the JV Azule and 3 BFC related to Pakistan.
In 2023, divestments of 291 BCF were mainly due in the United Sta-
tes of America (113 BCF) for the divestment of Alliance assets and 
in the United Arab Emirates (177 BCF) for the reduction of the share 
in the Ghasha concession.
In 2024, divestments of 857 BCF were related to the sale of NAOC 
assets in Nigeria, the sale of assets in Alaska and some minor fields 
in Congo, and the results of the business combination with Ithaca 
Energy.
409
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Equity-accounted entities
PURCHASE OF MINERALS IN PLACE
In 2022, we had acquisitions for 1,684 BCF due to Eni’s entry into 
the NFE project in Qatar and the acquisition of a 50% stake in the 
JV Azule in Angola.
No purchase was made in 2023.
In 2024, acquisitions totalled 718 BCF due to Vår Energi’s acquisi-
tion of Neptune and the business combination with Ithaca Energy.
REVISIONS OF PREVIOUS ESTIMATES
In 2022, revisions of previous estimates were 261 BCF, mainly due 
to Azule in Angola, Vår Energi in Norway, and Coral in Mozambique.
In 2023, revisions of previous estimates were -81 BCF mainly due 
to a positive revision in Mozambique (+77 BCF) in Coral South, Azu-
le in Angola (-55 BCF) and Qatar (-84 BCF) on the NFE field.
In 2024, revisions of previous estimates were +130 BCF, located 
mainly in Algeria (+57 BCF) in the Touat field, in Mozambique (+46 
BCF) in the Coral South field and in Vår Energi. 
Estimated future cash inflows represent the revenues that would be 
received from production and were determined by applying the ye-
ar-end average prices during the years ended. Future price changes 
are considered only to the extent provided by contractual arrange-
ments. Estimated future development and production costs are de-
termined by estimating the expenditures to be incurred in developing 
and producing the proved reserves at the end of the year. Neither the 
effects of price and cost escalations nor expected future changes in 
technology and operating practices have been considered. The stan-
dardized measure is calculated as the excess of future cash inflows 
from proved reserves less future costs of producing and developing 
the reserves, future income taxes and a yearly 10% discount factor. 
Future production costs include the estimated expenditures related to 
the production of proved reserves plus any production taxes without 
consideration of future inflation. Future development costs include 
EXTENSIONS AND DISCOVERIES
In 2022, extensions and new discoveries were 19 BCF due to Vår 
Energi in Norway.
In 2023, there were no extensions or new relevant discoveries.
In 2024, extensions and new discoveries of 1,651 BCF were mainly 
the result of the Coral North project’s reserve booking offshore Mo-
zambique, based on the Company final investment decision, status 
of project maturity and commitment of all the JV partners, as well 
as the management’s reasonable expectation that remaining for-
mal government approvals will be obtained shortly.
SALES OF MINERALS IN PLACE
In 2022, sales of 63 BCF were due to the IPO of Vår Energi in Norway.
In 2023, divestments were 2 BCF in the Brage field in Vår Energi in 
Norway.
In 2024, disposals of 9 BCF were mainly related to portfolio activi-
ties of Vår Energi and Azule Energy.
the estimated costs of drilling development wells and installation of 
production facilities, plus the net costs associated with dismantle-
ment and abandonment of wells and facilities, under the assumption 
that year-end costs continue without considering future inflation. Fu-
ture income taxes were calculated in accordance with the tax laws 
of the Countries in which Eni operates. The standardized measure of 
discounted future net cash flows, related to the preceding proved oil 
and gas reserves, is calculated in accordance with the requirements 
of FASB Extractive Activities - Oil and Gas (Topic 932). The standar-
dized measure does not purport to reflect realizable values or fair 
market value of Eni’s proved reserves. An estimate of fair value would 
also take into account, among other things, hydrocarbon resources 
other than proved reserves, anticipated changes in future prices and 
costs and a discount factor representative of the risks inherent in the 
oil and gas exploration and production activity. 
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
410
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(€ million)
Italy
Rest of 
Europe
North 
Africa
Sub 
Saharan 
Africa
Kazakhstan
Rest 
of Asia
America
Australia 
and 
Oceania
Total
December 31, 2024
Consolidated subsidiaries
Future cash inflows
20,844
570
66,540
30,478
40,322
49,205
9,164
742
217,865
Future production costs
(8,273)
(297)
(14,034)
(10,912)
(6,786)
(13,462)
(3,994)
(132)
(57,890)
Future development and abandonment 
costs
(3,318)
(417)
(9,317)
(4,942)
(1,658)
(7,547)
(2,104)
(280)
(29,583)
Future net inflow before income tax
9,253
(144)
43,189
14,624
31,878
28,196
3,066
330
130,392
Future income tax
(2,088)
(49)
(21,879)
(3,541)
(8,505)
(18,186)
(387)
(6)
(54,641)
Future net cash flows
7,165
(193)
21,310
11,083
23,373
10,010
2,679
324
75,751
10% discount factor
(2,995)
60
(10,150)
(4,102)
(11,301)
(5,826)
(656)
(96)
(35,066)
Standardized measure of discounted 
future net cash flows
4,170
(133)
11,160
6,981
12,072
4,184
2,023
228
40,685
Equity-accounted entities
Future cash inflows
39,301
1,846
31,708
18,602
7,397
98,854
Future production costs
(10,169)
(612)
(7,702)
(5,969)
(1,882)
(26,334)
Future development and abandonment 
costs
(7,279)
(111)
(4,289)
(278)
(191)
(12,148)
Future net inflow before income tax
21,853
1,123
19,717
12,355
5,324
60,372
Future income tax
(16,126)
(205)
(5,549)
(9,018)
(2,231)
(33,129)
Future net cash flows
5,727
918
14,168
3,337
3,093
27,243
10% discount factor
(1,077)
(285)
(7,742)
(2,119)
(1,128)
(12,351)
Standardized measure of discounted 
future net cash flows
4,650
633
6,426
1,218
1,965
14,892
Total consolidated subsidiaries and equity-
accounted entities
4,170
4,517
11,793
13,407
12,072
5,402
3,988
228
55,577
The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows by geographical area consists of the following:
411
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(€ million)
Italy
Rest of 
Europe
North 
Africa
Sub 
Saharan 
Africa
Kazakhstan
Rest 
of Asia
America
Australia 
and 
Oceania
Total
December 31, 2023
Consolidated subsidiaries
Future cash inflows
22,724
3,926
72,835
35,147
40,081
40,622
14,951
707
230,993
Future production costs
(8,848)
(1,227)
(15,439)
(13,512)
(6,475)
(11,042)
(5,852)
(164)
(62,559)
Future development and abandonment 
costs
(4,270)
(824)
(9,383)
(7,757)
(1,814)
(7,437)
(1,954)
(355)
(33,794)
Future net inflow before income tax
9,606
1,875
48,013
13,878
31,792
22,143
7,145
188
134,640
Future income tax
(2,233)
(1,274)
(24,069)
(4,729)
(8,186)
(16,348)
(3,161)
(8)
(60,008)
Future net cash flows
7,373
601
23,944
9,149
23,606
5,795
3,984
180
74,632
10% discount factor
(3,325)
(39)
(10,467)
(4,223)
(11,668)
(3,081)
(1,462)
(58)
(34,323)
Standardized measure of discounted 
future net cash flows
4,048
562
13,477
4,926
11,938
2,714
2,522
122
40,309
Equity-accounted entities
Future cash inflows
29,387
168
22,954
19,108
7,519
79,136
Future production costs
(7,128)
(122)
(6,202)
(5,880)
(1,925)
(21,257)
Future development and abandonment 
costs
(5,221)
(54)
(2,972)
(410)
(179)
(8,836)
Future net inflow before income tax
17,038
(8)
13,780
12,818
5,415
49,043
Future income tax
(12,548)
(1)
(3,254)
(9,702)
(2,263)
(27,768)
Future net cash flows
4,490
(9)
10,526
3,116
3,152
21,275
10% discount factor
(1,114)
27
(4,508)
(2,158)
(1,237)
(8,990)
Standardized measure of discounted 
future net cash flows
3,376
18
6,018
958
1,915
12,285
Total consolidated subsidiaries and equity-
accounted entities
4,048
3,938
13,495
10,944
11,938
3,672
4,437
122
52,594
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
412
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REPORT
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(€ million)
Italy
Rest of 
Europe
North 
Africa
Sub 
Saharan 
Africa
Kazakhstan
Rest 
of Asia
America
Australia 
and 
Oceania
Total
December 31, 2022
Consolidated subsidiaries
Future cash inflows
38,968
7,609
85,036
48,292
53,529
45,179
21,233
1,525
301,371
Future production costs
(10,267)
(1,752)
(17,846)
(15,823)
(7,844)
(12,181)
(5,950)
(230)
(71,893)
Future development and abandonment costs
(4,484)
(1,296)
(7,835)
(10,057)
(1,873)
(4,562)
(3,063)
(377)
(33,547)
Future net inflow before income tax
24,217
4,561
59,355
22,412
43,812
28,436
12,220
918
195,931
Future income tax
(6,388)
(3,087)
(30,885)
(7,990)
(11,568)
(21,227)
(4,903)
(81)
(86,129)
Future net cash flows
17,829
1,474
28,470
14,422
32,244
7,209
7,317
837
109,802
10% discount factor
(7,141)
(344)
(11,738)
(6,456)
(16,087)
(2,980)
(3,443)
(357)
(48,546)
Standardized measure of discounted future 
net cash flows
10,688
1,130
16,732
7,966
16,157
4,229
3,874
480
61,256
Equity-accounted entities
Future cash inflows
50,468
265
42,450
33,075
8,133
134,391
Future production costs
(7,628)
(123)
(10,579)
(9,749)
(2,083)
(30,162)
Future development and abandonment costs
(6,458)
(57)
(3,508)
(560)
(178)
(10,761)
Future net inflow before income tax
36,382
85
28,363
22,766
5,872
93,468
Future income tax
(27,333)
(3)
(8,117)
(19,393)
(2,469)
(57,315)
Future net cash flows
9,049
82
20,246
3,373
3,403
36,153
10% discount factor
(2,501)
(15)
(9,058)
(2,462)
(1,416)
(15,452)
Standardized measure of discounted future 
net cash flows
6,548
67
11,188
911
1,987
20,701
Total consolidated subsidiaries and equity-
accounted entities
10,688
7,678
16,799
19,154
16,157
5,140
5,861
480
81,957
(€ million)
Consolidated 
subsidiaries
Equity-accounted 
entities
Total
2024
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows at December 31, 2023
40,309
12,285
52,594
Increase (Decrease):
- sales, net of production costs
(17,581)
(6,150)
(23,731)
- net changes in sales and transfer prices, net of production costs
(5,380)
89
(5,291)
- extensions, discoveries and improved recovery, net of future production and development costs
401
1,851
2,252
- changes in estimated future development and abandonment costs
(2,959)
(3,860)
(6,819)
- development costs incurred during the period that reduced future development costs
6,649
4,824
11,473
- revisions of quantity estimates
4,664
(2,467)
2,197
- accretion of discount
7,405
1,984
9,389
- net change in income taxes
6,578
(1,654)
4,924
- purchase of reserves in-place
1,085
5,167
6,252
- sale of reserves in-place
(2,947)
(1)
(2,948)
- changes in production rates (timing) and other
2,461
2,824
5,285
Net increase (decrease)
376
2,607
2,983
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows at December 31, 2024
40,685
14,892
55,577
Changes in standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
Changes in standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, were as follows:
413
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(€ million)
Consolidated 
subsidiaries
Equity-accounted 
entities
Total
2023
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows at December 31, 2022
61,256
20,701
81,957
Increase (Decrease):
- sales, net of production costs
(19,397)
(5,426)
(24,823)
- net changes in sales and transfer prices, net of production costs
(33,769)
(19,785)
(53,554)
- extensions, discoveries and improved recovery, net of future production and development costs
1,659
1,659
- changes in estimated future development and abandonment costs
(4,684)
(1,353)
(6,037)
- development costs incurred during the period that reduced future development costs
6,691
2,517
9,208
- revisions of quantity estimates
6,531
155
6,686
- accretion of discount
10,627
3,033
13,660
- net change in income taxes
12,675
14,753
27,428
- purchase of reserves in-place
977
44
1,021
- sale of reserves in-place
(845)
(60)
(905)
- changes in production rates (timing) and other
(1,412)
(2,294)
(3,706)
Net increase (decrease)
(20,947)
(8,416)
(29,363)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows at December 31, 2023
40,309
12,285
52,594
(€ million)
Consolidated 
subsidiaries
Equity-accounted 
entities
Total
2022
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows at December 31, 2021
44,615
7,281
51,896
Increase (Decrease):
- sales, net of production costs
(25,987)
(4,912)
(30,899)
- net changes in sales and transfer prices, net of production costs
56,002
24,343
80,345
- extensions, discoveries and improved recovery, net of future production and development costs
1,519
2,139
3,658
- changes in estimated future development and abandonment costs
(7,046)
(3,169)
(10,215)
- development costs incurred during the period that reduced future development costs
3,821
2,000
5,821
- revisions of quantity estimates
(1,295)
7,134
5,839
- accretion of discount
7,226
1,510
8,736
- net change in income taxes
(18,393)
(21,676)
(40,069)
- purchase of reserves in-place
765
10,200
10,965
- sale of reserves in-place
(6,436)
(6,436)
- changes in production rates (timing) and other
6,465
(4,149)
2,316
Net increase (decrease)
16,641
13,420
30,061
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows at December 31, 2022
61,256
20,701
81,957
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
414
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REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Certification pursuant to rule 154-bis,
paragraph 5 of the Legislative Decree 
No. 58/1998 (Testo Unico della Finanza)
1.	
The undersigned Claudio Descalzi and Francesco Esposito, in their quality as Chief Executive Officer and Officer responsible for the pre-
paration of financial reports of Eni, also pursuant to article 154-bis, paragraphs 3 and 4 of Legislative Decree No. 58 of February 24, 1998, 
certify that internal controls over financial reporting in place for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements as of December 
31, 2024 and during the period covered by the report, were:
•	
adequate to the Company structure, and
•	
effectively applied during the process of preparation of the report.
2.	
Internal controls over financial reporting in place for the preparation of the 2024 consolidated financial statements have been defined 
and the evaluation of their effectiveness has been assessed based on principles and methodologies adopted by Eni in accordance with 
the Internal Control-Integrated Framework Model issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, 
which represents an internationally-accepted framework for the internal control system.
3.	
The undersigned officers also certify that:
3.1	 2024 consolidated financial statements:
	
a)	
have been prepared in accordance with applicable international accounting standards adopted by the European Community pur-
suant to Regulation (CE) n. 1606/2002 of the European Parliament and European Council of July 19, 2002;
	
b)	
correspond to the accounting books and entries;
	
c)	
fairly and truly represent the financial position, the performance and the cash flows of the issuer and the companies included in the 
consolidation as of, and for, the period presented in this report;
3.2	 the operating and financial review provides a reliable analysis of business trends and results, including trend analysis of the issuer and 
the companies included in the consolidation, as well as a description of the main risks and uncertainties to which they are exposed.
March 18, 2025
	
/s/ Claudio Descalzi
	
Claudio Descalzi
	
Chief Executive Officer
	
/s/ Francesco Esposito
	
Francesco Esposito
	
Head of accounting 
and financial statements
415
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Annex
416
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024

Annex to the notes on consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024	
418
Investments owned by Eni as of December 31, 2024	
418
Changes in the scope of consolidation for 2024 	
464
Audit fees 	
468
Independent auditor’s limited assurance report on the sustainability statement 	
469
Independent auditor’s report on the consolidated financial statements 	
475
417
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024

Investments owned by Eni SpA  
as of December 31, 2024
In accordance with the provisions of articles 38 and 39 of the 
Legislative Decree No. 127/1991 and Consob communication 
No. DEM/6064293 of July 28, 2006, the list of subsidiaries, joint 
arrangements and associates and significant investments owned by 
Eni SpA as of December 31, 2024, is presented below. Companies 
are divided by business segment and, within each segment, they are 
ordered between Italy and outside Italy and alphabetically. 
For each company are indicated: company name, registered head 
office, operating office, share capital, shareholders and percentage 
of ownership; for consolidated subsidiaries is indicated the equity 
SUBSIDIARIES RESIDENT IN STATES  
OR TERRITORY WITH A PRIVILEGED TAX REGIME
Legislative Decree of December 17, 2023 no. 209, containing the 
rules for implementing the tax reform on international taxation, 
amended the regulations referred to in art. 167 of the Presidential 
Decree n. 917 of December 22, 1986.
The provisions regarding foreign subsidiaries (so-called CFC), apply 
if the non-resident controlled entities jointly integrate the following 
conditions: a) they are subject to effective taxation of less than 15 
percent (equal to the ratio between the sum of current taxes, the 
deferred tax asset and liabilities in their financial statements and the 
pre-tax profit for the year resulting from the aforementioned financial 
statements), and to an effective taxation lower than half of that to 
ratio attributable to Eni; for unconsolidated investments owned by 
consolidated companies is indicated the valuation method. In the 
footnotes are indicated which investments are listed in the Italian 
regulated markets or in other regulated markets of the European 
Union and the percentage of the ordinary voting rights entitled to 
shareholders if different from the percentage of ownership. The 
currency codes indicated are reported in accordance with the 
International Standard ISO 4217.
As of December 31, 2024, the breakdown of the companies owned 
by Eni is provided in the table below:
which they would have been subject if resident in Italy; b) over a 
third of the subject's incomes fall into one or more of the following 
categories: interests, royalties, dividends, financial leasing income, 
income from insurance and banking activities, income from services 
and sale of intragroup assets with low or zero economic value added.
As of December 31, 2024, Eni controls 3 companies that benefit 
from a privileged tax regime. These 3 companies are subject to 
taxation in Italy because they are included in Eni's tax return.
No subsidiary that benefits from a privileged tax regime has 
issued financial instruments. All the financial statements for 2024 
are subject to external audit.
ANNEX TO THE NOTES ON CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024
Subsidiaries
Joint arrangements
and associates
Other significant 
investments(a)
Italy
Outside 
Italy
Total
Italy
Outside 
Italy
Total
Italy
Outside 
Italy
Total
Fully consolidated subsidiaries
98
304
402
Consolidated joint operations
4
7
11
Investments owned by consolidated companies(b)
Equity-accounted investments
13
57
70
25
79
104
Investments at cost
4
3
7
2
24
26
Investments at fair value
4
19
23
17
60
77
27
103
130
4
19
23
Investments owned by unconsolidated companies
Owned by controlled companies
3
3
Owned by joint arrangements
1
8
9
1
11
12
Total
115
364
479
32
121
153
4
19
23
(a) Relate to investments other than subsidiaries, joint arrangements and associates with an ownership interest greater than 2% for listed companies or 10% for unlisted companies.
(b) Investments in subsidiaries accounted using the equity method and at cost relate to non-significant companies.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
418
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REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

PARENT COMPANY
SUBSIDIARIES
EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Eni Marine Services SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
100,000
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Mediterranea Idrocarburi SpA
Gela (CL)
Italy
EUR
5,200,000
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Mozambico SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Mozambique
EUR
200,000
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Natural Energies Italia Srl
(former Eni Energia Italia Srl)
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
50,000
Eni Natural
Energies SpA
100.00
Co.
Eni Natural Energies Mozambico Srl
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Mozambique
EUR
100,000
Eni Natural
Energies SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Natural Energies SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
100,000
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
EniProgetti SpA
Venezia 
Marghera (VE)
Italy
EUR
2,064,000
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Timor Leste SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
East Timor
EUR
4,386,849
Eni SpA
100.00
Eq.
Eni Trade & Biofuels SpA
Rome
Italy
EUR
22,568,759
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Floaters SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
200,120,000
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Ieoc SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
1,518,000
Eni SpA
100.00
Eq.
Società Petrolifera Italiana SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
3,652,000
Eni SpA
Third parties
99.96
0.04
99.96
F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(#) Company with shares listed on regulated market of Italy or of other EU Countries.
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
Eni SpA(#)
Rome
Italy
EUR
4,005,358,876
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti SpA
28.50
Ministero dell’Economia e delle Finanze
2.00
Eni SpA
6.18
Other shareholders
63.32
419
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
%Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Agip Caspian Sea BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Kazakhstan
EUR
20,005
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Agip Energy and Natural 
Resources (Nigeria) Ltd
Abuja
(Nigeria)
Nigeria
NGN
100,000,000
Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
95.00
5.00
100.00
F.C.
Agip Karachaganak BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Kazakhstan
EUR
20,005
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Bacton CCS Ltd
London 
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
 GBP
65,310,000
Eni CCUS H. Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Burren Energy (Bermuda) Ltd(1)
Hamilton
(Bermuda) 
United Kingdom
USD
12,002
Burren Energy Plc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Burren Energy (Egypt) Ltd
London 
(United Kingdom)
Egypt
GBP
2
Burren Energy Plc
100.00
Eq.
Burren Energy Congo Ltd(2)
Road Town 
(British Virgin 
Islands)
Republic 
of the Congo
USD
50,000
Burren En. (Berm) Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Burren Energy India Ltd
London 
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
2
Burren Energy Plc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Burren Energy Plc
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
28,819,023
Eni UK Holding Plc
Eni UK Ltd
99.99
(..)
100.00
F.C.
Eni Abu Dhabi BV(3)
Amsterdam 
(Netherlands)
United Arab
Emirates
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Albania BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Albania
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Algeria Exploration BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Algeria
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Algeria Ltd Sàrl
Luxembourg
(Luxembourg)
Algeria
USD
20,000
Eni Oil Holdings BV
100.00
Eq.
Eni Algeria Production BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Algeria
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Ambalat Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Indonesia
GBP
1
Eni Indonesia Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni America Ltd
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
72,000
Eni UHL Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Argentina Exploración y 
Explotación SA
Buenos Aires
(Argentina)
Argentina
ARS
36,864,768,292
Eni International BV 
Eni Oil Holdings BV
95.00
5.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Arguni I Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Indonesia
GBP
1
Eni Indonesia Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Australia BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Australia
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Australia Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Australia
GBP
20,000,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Bahrain BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Bahrain
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
Eq.
Eni BB Petroleum Inc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
1,000
Eni Petroleum Co Inc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(1) Company that does not benefit from a privileged tax regime pursuant to art. 167, paragraph 4 of the D.P.R. of December 22, 1986, n. 917. The company is fiscally resident in the 
United Kingdom.
(2) Company that does not benefit from a privileged tax regime pursuant to art. 167, paragraph 4 of the D.P.R. of December 22, 1986, n. 917: the company operates with permanent 
establishment in Congo and the tax rate is not lower than 50% of that current in Italy.
(3) Company that does not benefit from a privileged tax regime pursuant to art. 167, paragraph 4 of the D.P.R. of December 22, 1986, n. 917: the company operates with permanent 
establishment in the United Arab Emirates and the nominal tax rate is not lower than 50% of that current in Italy.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
420
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REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
%Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Eni BTC Ltd
London 
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
1
Eni International BV
100.00
Eq.
Eni Bukat Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Indonesia
GBP
1
Eni Indonesia Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Canada Holding Ltd
Calgary
(Canada)
Canada
USD
3,938,200,001
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni CBM Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Indonesia
USD
2,210,728
Eni Lasmo Plc
100.00
Eq.
Eni CCUS Holding Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
255,020,000
Eni UK Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni China BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
China
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Congo SAU
Pointe-Noire
(Republic of the 
Congo)
Republic  
of the Congo
USD
500,000
Eni E&P Holding BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Côte d'Ivoire Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Ivory Coast
GBP
1
Eni Lasmo Plc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Cyprus Ltd
Nicosia
(Cyprus)
Cyprus
EUR
2,014
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni do Brasil Investimentos em 
Exploração e Produção de Petróleo Ltda
(in liquidation)
Rio de Janeiro 
(Brazil)
Brazil
BRL
1,597,792,240
Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
99.99
(..)
Co.
Eni East Ganal Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Indonesia
GBP
1
Eni Indonesia Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni East Med BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
 EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni East Sepinggan Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Indonesia
GBP
1
Eni Indonesia Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Alam El Shawish BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Egypt
EUR
18,000
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Arguni I BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Indonesia
EUR
18,000
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Ashrafi BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Egypt
EUR
18,000
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Australia Pty Ltd
Perth
(Australia)
Australia
 USD
540,000,001
Eni En. Holding NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Bonaparte Pty Ltd
Perth
(Australia)
Australia
 AUD
1
Eni En. Australia Pty Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Bondco Ltd
(in liquidation) 
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
1
Eni En. Group Midco Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Brasil Participações Ltda
Rio de Janeiro
(Brazil)
Brazil
 BRL
60,000,000
Eni En. Holding NL BV
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
99.00
1.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Capital Ltd
(in liquidation)
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
 USD
2
Eni Energy Finance Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy E&P Holding Netherlands BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
18,200
Eni En. Holding NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
421
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
%Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Eni Energy East Ganal BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Indonesia
EUR
100
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy East Sepinggan BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Indonesia
EUR
100
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Egypt BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Egypt
EUR
18,000
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Exploration BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
18,000
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Facilities Netherlands BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
18,000
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Finance Ltd
London 
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
USD
3
Eni Energy Group H. Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy France SAS
Neuilly-Sur-Seine
(France)
France
EUR
137,740
Eni En. International SAS
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Germany BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Germany
EUR
100
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Group Holdings Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
USD
1
Eni En. Group Midco Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Group Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
USD
0.01
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Group Midco Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
USD
1
Eni Energy Group Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Group Resourcing Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
 GBP
1
Eni Energy Group H. Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Holding Netherlands BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
764,342,437.50
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Hydrogen BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
100
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Hydrogen Ltd 
(in liquidation)
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
 GBP
1
Eni Energy Group H. Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy International SAS
Neuilly-Sur-Seine 
(France)
France
EUR
196,184.08
Eni Energy Group H. Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Jakarta BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Indonesia
EUR
18,000
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Muara Bakau BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Indonesia
EUR
18,000
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Netherlands Administration BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
1
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Netherlands BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
113,500
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy North Ganal BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Indonesia
EUR
18,000
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy North West El Amal BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Egypt
EUR
100
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
422
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REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(4) Company that does not benefit from a privileged tax regime pursuant to art. 167, paragraph 4 of the D.P.R. of December 22, 1986, n. 917: the company operates with permanent 
establishment in Indonesia and the nominal tax rate is not lower than 50% of that current in Italy.
(5) Company that does not benefit from a privileged tax regime pursuant to art. 167, paragraph 4 of the D.P.R. of December 22, 1986, n. 917: the company operates with permanent 
establishment in Algeria and the nominal tax rate is not lower than 50% of that current in Italy.
(6) Company that does not benefit from a privileged tax regime pursuant to art. 167, paragraph 4 of the D.P.R. of December 22, 1986, n. 917: the company is fiscally resident in the United 
Kingdom and operates with a permanent establishment in Indonesia with a tax rate not lower than 50% of that current in Italy.
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
%Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Eni Energy Participation Netherlands BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
36,320
Eni Energy NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Russia BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy Touat Holding BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
100
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy West Ganal BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Indonesia
EUR
18,000
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Exploration & Production 
Holding BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
29,832,777.12
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Ganal Deepwater Ltd(4)
Hamilton 
(Bermuda)
Indonesia
 USD
12,700
Eni Lasmo Plc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Ganal Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Indonesia
GBP
2
Eni Indonesia Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Gas & Power LNG Australia BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Australia
EUR
1,013,439
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Ghana Exploration and 
Production Ltd
Accra 
(Ghana)
Ghana
GHS
21,412,500
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni GoM Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
5,000
Eni Marketing Inc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Hewett Ltd
Aberdeen
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
3,036,000
Eni UK Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Hydrocarbons Venezuela Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Venezuela
GBP
8,050,500
Eni Lasmo Plc
100.00
Eq.
Eni In Amenas Ltd
Aberdeen
(United Kingdom)
Algeria
USD
1
Eni Algeria Expl.BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni In Salah Ltd(5)
Nassau
(Bahamas)
Algeria
USD
1,002
Eni IS Exploration Ltd 
Eni Algeria Expl.BV
60.48 
39.52
100.00
F.C.
Eni India Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
India
GBP
1
Eni Lasmo Plc
100.00
Eq.
Eni Indonesia Ltd
London 
(United Kingdom)
Indonesia
GBP
100
Eni ULX Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Indonesia Ots 1 Ltd(6)
George Town
(Cayman Islands)
Indonesia
USD
1.01
Eni Indonesia Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni International NA NV Sàrl
Luxembourg
(Luxembourg)
United Kingdom
USD
25,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Investments Plc
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
750,050,000
Eni SpA
Eni UK Ltd
99.99
(..)
100.00
F.C.
Eni Iran BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Iran
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
Eq.
Eni Iraq BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Iraq
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
423
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(7) Company that does not benefit from a privileged tax regime pursuant to art. 167, paragraph 4 of the D.P.R. of December 22, 1986, n. 917: the company operates with permanent 
establishment in Indonesia and the nominal tax rate is not lower than 50% of that current in Italy.
(8) Company for which the conditions of  art. 167, paragraph 4 of the D.P.R. of December 22,1986, n. 917 are not verified; the company operates with a permanent establishment in the 
United Arab Emirates and carries out an effective economic activity.
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
%Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Eni IS Exploration Ltd
London 
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
1
Eni Algeria Expl.BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Isatay BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Kazakhstan
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni JPDA 03-13 Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Australia
GBP
250,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni JPDA 06-105 Pty Ltd
Perth
(Australia)
Australia
AUD
80,830,576
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Kenya BV
Amsterdam 
(Netherlands)
Kenya
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Krueng Mane Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Indonesia
GBP
2
Eni Indonesia Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Lasmo Plc
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
337,638,724.25
Eni Investments Plc
Eni UK Ltd
99.99
(..)
100.00
F.C.
Eni Lebanon BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Lebanon
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Liverpool Bay Operating Co Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
1
Eni UK Ltd
100.00
Eq.
Eni LNS Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
1
Eni UK Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Makassar Ltd(7)
Hamilton  
(Bermuda)
Indonesia
 USD
12,000
Eni Lasmo Plc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Marketing Inc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
1,000
Eni Petroleum Co Inc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Maroc BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Morocco
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni México S. de RL de CV
Mexico City
(Mexico)
Mexico
MXN
18,093,739,080.83
Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
99.90
0.10
100.00
F.C.
Eni Middle East Ltd(8)
London
(United Kingdom)
United Arab
Emirates
GBP
1
Eni ULT Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Mozambique LNG Holding BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Muara Bakau BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Indonesia
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Natural Energies Congo SAU
Pointe-Noire
(Republic  
of the Congo)
Republic  
of the Congo
 XOF
10,000,000
Eni Natural Energies SpA
100.00
Eq.
Eni Natural Energies Côte d'Ivoire SA
Abidjan
(Ivory Coast)
Ivory Coast
 XOF
10,000,000
Eni Natural Energies SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Natural Energies Kenya EPZ Ltd
Kinango 
(Kenya)
Kenya
KES
1,500,000
Eni Natural Energies SpA
100.00
Eq.
Eni Natural Energies Vietnam Llc
Ho Chi Minh City
(Vietnam)
Vietnam
 VND
2,425,500,000
Eni Natural Energies SpA
100.00
Eq.
Eni Netherlands CCUS BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
100
Eni En. E&P Hold. NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni New Energy Egypt SAE
Cairo 
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
250,000
Eni International BV
Ieoc Exploration BV
Ieoc Production BV
99.98
0.01
0.01
Eq.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
424
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(9) Company for which the conditions of  art. 167, paragraph 4 of the D.P.R. of December 22,1986, n. 917 are not verified; the company operates with a permanent establishment in the 
United Arab Emirates and carries out an effective economic activity. 
(10) Company that does not benefit from a privileged tax regime pursuant to art. 167, paragraph 4 of the D.P.R. of December 22, 1986, n. 917; the company operates with permanent 
establishment in Indonesia and the nominal tax rate is not lower than 50% of that current in Italy.
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
%Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Eni North Africa BV
Amsterdam 
(Netherlands)
Libya
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni North Ganal Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Indonesia
GBP
1
Eni Indonesia Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Oil & Gas Inc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
100,800
Eni America Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Oil Algeria Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Algeria
GBP
1,000
Eni Lasmo Plc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Oil Holdings BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
450,000
Eni ULX Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Oman BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Oman
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Peri Mahakam Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Indonesia
GBP
1
Eni Indonesia Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Petroleum Co Inc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
290,125,000
Eni SpA
Eni International BV
60.06
39.94
100.00
F.C.
Eni Petroleum US Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
1,000
Eni BB Petroleum Inc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
EniProgetti Egypt Ltd
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
50,000
EniProgetti SpA
Eni SpA
99.00
1.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Qatar BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Qatar
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni RAK BV(9)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
United Arab
Emirates
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Rapak Deepwater Ltd(10)
Hamilton  
(Bermuda)
Indonesia
 USD
12,000
Eni Lasmo Plc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Rapak Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Indonesia
GBP
2
Eni Indonesia Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni RD Congo SA
Kinshasa
(Democratic
Republic  
of the Congo)
Democratic
Republic  
of the Congo
CDF
750,000,000
Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
99.99
(..)
Eq.
Eni Rovuma Basin BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Mozambique
EUR
20,000
Eni Mozamb. LNG H. BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Sharjah BV(9)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
United Arab
Emirates
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni South China Sea Ltd Sàrl
Luxembourg
(Luxembourg)
China
USD
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
Eq.
Eni Tellus CCS Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
1
Eni CCUS H. Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Timor 22-23 BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
East Timor
 EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni TNS Ltd
Aberdeen
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
1,000
Eni UK Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Trading & Shipping Inc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
1,000,000
Eni Petroleum Co Inc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Transporte y Suministro 
México S. de RL de CV
Mexico City
(Mexico)
Mexico
MXN
3,000
Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
99.90
0.10
100.00
F.C.
425
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
%Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Eni Tunisia BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Tunisia
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Turkmenistan Ltd(11)
Hamilton
(Bermuda)
Turkmenistan
USD
20,000
Burren En. (Berm) Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni UHL Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
1
Eni ULT Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni UK Holding Plc
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
424,050,000
Eni Lasmo Plc
Eni UK Ltd
99.99
(..)
100.00
F.C.
Eni UK Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
500,000,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni ULT Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
93,215,492.25
Eni Lasmo Plc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni ULX Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
200,010,000
Eni ULT Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni US Operating Co Inc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
1,000
Eni Petroleum Co Inc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni USA Gas Marketing Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
10,000
Eni Marketing Inc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni USA Inc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
1,000
Eni Oil & Gas Inc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Venezuela BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Venezuela
EUR
20,000
Eni Venezuela E&P H.
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Venezuela E&P Holding SA
Bruxelles
(Belgium)
Belgium
USD
254,925,100
Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
99.99
(..)
100.00
F.C.
Eni Vietnam BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Vietnam
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni West Ganal Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Indonesia
GBP
1
Eni Indonesia Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni West Timor Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Indonesia
GBP
1
Eni Indonesia Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Yemen Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
1,000
Burren Energy Plc
100.00
Eq.
Export LNG Ltd(12)
Hong Kong
(Hong Kong)
Hong Kong
USD
1
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
First Calgary Petroleums LP
Wilmington
(USA)
Algeria
USD
1
Eni Canada Hold. Ltd
FCP Partner Co ULC
99.99
0.01
100.00
F.C.
First Calgary Petroleums
Partner Co ULC
Calgary
(Canada)
Canada
CAD
10
Eni Canada Hold. Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Ieoc Exploration BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Egypt
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(11) Company that does not benefit from a privileged tax regime pursuant to art. 167, paragraph 4 of the D.P.R. of December 22, 1986, n. 917; the company operates with permanent 
establishment in Turkmenistan and the nominal tax rate is not lower than 50% of that current in Italy.
(12) Company for which the conditions of  art. 167, paragraph 4 of the D.P.R. of December 22,1986, n. 917 are not verified.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
426
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
%Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Ieoc Production BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Egypt
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Lasmo Sanga Sanga Ltd(13)
Hamilton
(Bermuda)
Indonesia
USD
12,000
Eni Lasmo Plc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Liverpool Bay CCS Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
186,310,000
Eni CCUS H. Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
LLC "Eni Energhia"
Moscow
(Russia)
Russia
RUB
2,000,000
Eni Energy Russia BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
99.90
0.10
Eq.
Mizamtec Operating 
Company S. de RL de CV
Mexico City
(Mexico)
Mexico
MXN
3,000
Eni US Op. Co Inc
Eni Petroleum Co Inc
99.90
0.10
Eq.
Nigerian Agip Exploration Ltd
Abuja
(Nigeria)
Nigeria
NGN
100,000,000
Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
99.99
0.01
100.00
F.C.
Production North Sea Netherlands Ltd
Wilmington
(USA)
Netherlands
USD
1,000
Eni Energy NL BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Zetah Congo Ltd(14)
Nassau
(Bahamas)
Republic
of the Congo
USD
300
Eni Congo SAU
Burren En. Congo Ltd
66.67
33.33
Co.
Zetah Kouilou Ltd(14)
Nassau
(Bahamas)
Republic
of the Congo
USD
2,000
Eni Congo SAU
Burren En. Congo Ltd
Third parties
54.50
37.00
8.50
Co.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(13) Company that does not benefit from a privileged tax regime pursuant to art. 167, paragraph 4 of the D.P.R. of December 22, 1986, n. 917; the company is fiscally resident in the United 
Kingdom and operates with permanent establishment in Indonesia and the nominal tax rate is not lower than 50% of that current in Italy.
(14) Company that benefits from a privileged tax regime pursuant to art. 167, paragraph 4 of the D.P.R. of December 22, 1986, n. 917: the income attributable to the Group is subject to 
taxation in Italy.
427
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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REPORT
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Global Gas & LNG Portfolio
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Eni Gas Transport Services Srl
San Donato 
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
120,000
Eni SpA
100.00
Co.
Eni Global Energy Markets SpA
Rome
Italy
EUR
41,233,720
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
LNG Shipping SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
240,900,000
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Eni España Comercializadora 
de Gas SAU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
2,340,240
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni G&P Trading BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Turkey
EUR
70,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Gas Liquefaction BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
GLOBAL GAS & LNG PORTFOLIO AND POWER
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
428
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Power
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
EniPower SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
200,000,000
Eni SpA
Third parties
51.00
49.00
51.00
F.C.
EniPower Mantova SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
44,000,000
EniPower SpA
Third parties
86.50
13.50
44.12
F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
429
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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REPORT
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Refining
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Ecofuel SpA
San Donato 
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
52,000,000
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Industrial Evolution SpA
(former Eni West Africa SpA)
Rome
Italy
EUR
1,000,000
Eni SpA
100.00
Eq.
Petroven Srl
Genova
Italy
EUR
918,520
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
SeaPad SpA
Genova
Italy
EUR
12,400,000
Ecofuel SpA
Third parties
80.00
20.00
Eq.
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Eni Abu Dhabi Refining & Trading BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Abu Dhabi Refining & Trading 
Services BV(15)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
United Arab
Emirates
EUR
20,000
Eni Abu Dhabi R&T BV
100.00
Eq.
Eni USA R&M Co Inc
Wilmington
(USA)
USA
USD
11,000,000
Eni International BV
100.00
Eq.
Oléoduc du Rhône SA
Bovernier
(Switzerland)
Switzerland
CHF
7,000,000
Eni International BV
100.00
Eq.
REFINING AND CHEMICALS
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(15) Company for which the conditions of  art. 167, paragraph 4 of the D.P.R. of December 22,1986, n. 917 are not verified; the company operates with a permanent establishment in the 
United Arab Emirates and carries out an effective economic activity.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
430
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Chemicals
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Versalis SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
200,000,000
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Finproject SpA
Morrovalle
(MC)
Italy
EUR
18,500,000
Versalis SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Mater-Agro Srl
Novara
Italy
EUR
50,000
Novamont SpA
Third parties
85.00
15.00
Eq.
Matrìca SpA
Porto Torres
(SS)
Italy
EUR
37,500,000
Novamont SpA
Versalis SpA
50.00
50.00
100.00
F.C.
Novamont SpA
Novara
Italy
EUR
20,000,000
Versalis SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Rewave Srl
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
51,640
Versalis SpA
100.00
Eq.
Tecnofilm SpA
Sant'Elpidio 
a Mare (FM)
Italy
EUR
7,315,000
Versalis SpA
100.00
Eq.
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Asian Compounds Ltd(16)
Hong Kong 
(Hong Kong)
Hong Kong
HKD
1,000
Finproject Asia Ltd
100.00
100.00
F.C.
BBI Sverige AB
Torsby
(Sweden)
Sweden
 SEK
100,000
BioBag International
100.00
Eq.
BioBag Americas Inc
Dunedin
(USA)
USA
 USD
476
BioBag International
100.00
100.00
F.C.
BioBag Finland OY
Vantaa
(Finland)
Finland
 EUR
203,784
BioBag International
100.00
Eq.
BioBag Inc
Toronto
(Canada)
Canada
 CAD
100
BioBag International
100.00
Eq.
BioBag International AS
Indre Østfold
(Norway)
Norway
 NOK
3,565,000
Novamont SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
BioBag Norge AS
Indre Østfold
(Norway)
Norway
 NOK
200,000
BioBag International
100.00
Eq.
BioBag Plastics Ltd
Dún Laoghaire
(Ireland)
Ireland
 EUR
1,000
BioBag International
100.00
Eq.
BioBag Polska Sp zoo
(in liquidation)
Wroclaw
(Poland)
Poland
 PLN
106,100
BioBag International
100.00
Eq.
BioBag UK Ltd
Belfast
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
 GBP
1,000
BioBag International
100.00
Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(16) Company for which the conditions of  art. 167, paragraph 4 of the D.P.R. of December 22,1986, n. 917 are not verified.
431
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
BioBag Zenzo A/S
Hillerød
(Denmark)
Denmark
 DKK
400,000
BioBag International
100.00
Eq.
Dagöplast AS
Hiiumaa
(Estonia)
Estonia
 EUR
76,800
BioBag International
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Dunastyr Polisztirolgyártó Zártkörûen
Mûködõ Részvénytársaság
Budapest
(Hungary)
Hungary
HUF
11,025,568,000
Versalis SpA
Versalis Deutsch. GmbH
Versalis International SA
96.34
1.83
1.83
100.00
F.C.
Finproject Asia Ltd(17)
Hong Kong
(Hong Kong)
Hong Kong
USD
1,000
Finproject SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Finproject Brasil Industria 
De Solados Eireli
Franca
(Brazil)
Brazil
BRL
1,000,000
Finproject SpA
100.00
Eq.
Finproject Guangzhou Trading Co Ltd
Guangzhou
(China)
China
USD
180,000
Finproject SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Finproject India Pvt Ltd
Jaipur
(India)
India
INR
121,767,880
Versalis Asia Pacific 
Finproject SpA
99.99
(..)
 100.00
F.C.
Finproject Romania Srl
Valea Lui Mihai
(Romania)
Romania
RON
7,523,030
Finproject SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Finproject Viet Nam Company Limited
Hai Phong
(Vietnam)
Vietnam
VND
19,623,250,000
Versalis Asia Pacific 
100.00
Eq.
Foam Creations (2008) Inc
Quebec City
(Canada)
Canada
CAD
1,215,000
Finproject SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Foam Creations México SA de CV
León
(Mexico)
Mexico
MXN
35,956,433
Foam Creations (2008)
Finproject SpA
53.23
46.77
100.00
F.C.
Novamont France SAS
Paris
(France)
France
 EUR
40,000
Novamont SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Novamont GmbH
Eschborn
(Germany)
Germany
 EUR
25,564
Novamont SpA
100.00
Eq.
Novamont Iberia SLU
Cornellà 
de Llobregat
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
50,000
Novamont SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Novamont North America Inc
Shelton
(USA)
USA
 USD
50,000
Novamont SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Padanaplast America Llc
Wilmington
(USA)
USA
USD
70,000
Finproject SpA
100.00
Eq.
Padanaplast Deutschland GmbH
Hannover
(Germany)
Germany
EUR
25,000
Finproject SpA
100.00
Eq.
Versalis Americas Inc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
100,000
Eni Petroleum Co Inc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Versalis Asia Pacific Pte Ltd
(former Versalis Singapore Pte Ltd)
Singapore
(Singapore)
Singapore
SGD
15,927,500
Versalis SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Versalis Congo Sarlu
Pointe-Noire
(Republic
of the Congo)
Republic
of the Congo
XAF
1,000,000
Versalis International SA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Versalis Deutschland GmbH
Eschborn
(Germany)
Germany
EUR
100,000
Versalis SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Versalis France SAS
Mardyck
(France)
France
EUR
126,115,582.90
Versalis SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Versalis International Côte d'Ivoire Sarlu
Abidjan
(Ivory Coast)
Ivory Coast
 XOF
270,000,000
Versalis International SA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(17) Company that benefits from a privileged tax regime pursuant to art. 167, paragraph 4 of the D.P.R. of December 22, 1986, n. 917: the income attributable to the Group is subject to 
taxation in Italy.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
432
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Versalis International SA
Bruxelles
(Belgium)
Belgium
EUR
15,449,173.88
Versalis SpA
Versalis Deutsch. GmbH
Dunastyr Zrt
Versalis France
59.00
23.71
14.43
2.86
100.00
F.C.
Versalis Kimya Ticaret Limited Sirketi
Istanbul
(Turkey)
Turkey
TRY
20,000
Versalis International SA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Versalis México S. de RL de CV
Mexico City
(Mexico)
Mexico
MXN
45,001,000
Versalis International SA
Versalis SpA
99.99
(..)
100.00
F.C.
Versalis Pacific (India) Private Ltd
Mumbai
(India)
India
INR
238,700
Versalis Asia Pacific 
Versalis International SA
99.99
(..)
100.00
F.C.
Versalis Pacific Trading (Shanghai) Co Ltd
Shanghai
(China)
China
CNY
15,237,236
Versalis Asia Pacific 
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Versalis UK Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
4,023,042
Versalis SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Versalis Zeal Ltd
Takoradi
(Ghana)
Ghana
GHS
5,650,000
Versalis International SA
Third parties
80.00
20.00
80.00
F.C.
VME Oilfield Chemicals Llc
Doha
(Qatar)
Qatar
QAR
1,000,000
Versalis SpA
100.00
Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
433
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

ENILIVE AND PLENITUDE
Enilive
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Enilive SpA
(former Eni Sustainable Mobility SpA)
Rome
Italy
EUR
418,494,406
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Bioraffineria di Gela SpA
(former Raffineria di Gela SpA)
Gela (CL)
Italy
EUR
15,000,000
Enilive SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
EniBioCh4in Aprilia Srl
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
10,000
EniBioCh4in SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
EniBioCh4in Grupellum 
Società Agricola Srl
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
100,000
EniBioCh4in SpA
Third parties
98.00
2.00
98.00
F.C.
EniBioCh4in Jonica Srl
San Donato 
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
20,000
EniBioCh4in SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
EniBioCh4in Pannellia 
BioGas Srl Società Agricola
San Donato 
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
50,000
EniBioCh4in SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
EniBioCh4in Po Energia Srl 
Società Agricola
San Donato 
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
10,000
EniBioCh4in SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
EniBioCh4in Quadruvium Srl 
Società Agricola
San Donato 
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
100,000
EniBioCh4in SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
EniBioCh4in SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
2,500,000
Enilive SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Enimoov SpA
Rome
Italy
EUR
 59,944,310 
Enilive SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Aten Oil Activos SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
303,000
Aten Oil SLU
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Aten Oil Operaciones SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
703,000
Aten Oil SLU
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Aten Oil Setor Activos SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
10,293,060
Aten Oil Setor SLU
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Aten Oil Setor Operaciones SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
57,198,511
Aten Oil Setor SLU
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Aten Oil Setor SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Enilive Iberia SLU
100.00
100.00
F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
434
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Aten Oil SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Enilive Iberia SLU
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Energy (Shanghai) Co Ltd
Shanghai
(China)
China
EUR
5,000,000
Enilive SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Enilive Austria GmbH
(former Eni Austria GmbH)
Wien
(Austria)
Austria
EUR
78,500,000
Enilive SpA
Enilive Deutsch. GmbH
75.00
25.00
100.00
F.C.
Enilive Benelux BV
(former Eni Benelux BV)
Rotterdam
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
1,934,040
Enilive SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Enilive Deutschland GmbH
(former Eni Deutschland GmbH)
Munich
(Germany)
Germany
EUR
90,000,000
Enilive SpA
Eni International BV
89.00
11.00
100.00
F.C.
Enilive France Sàrl
(former Eni France Sàrl)
Lyon
(France)
France
EUR
56,800,000
Enilive SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Enilive Iberia SLU
(former Eni Iberia SLU)
Alcobendas
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
17,299,100
Enilive SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Enilive Marketing Austria GmbH
(former Eni Marketing Austria GmbH)
Wien
(Austria)
Austria
EUR
19,621,665.23
Enimoov Austria GmbH
Enilive SpA
99.99
(..)
100.00
F.C.
Enilive Schmiertechnik GmbH
(former Eni Schmiertechnik GmbH)
Wurzburg
(Germany)
Germany
EUR
2,000,000
Enilive Deutsch. GmbH
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Enilive Suisse SA
(former Eni Suisse SA)
Lausanne
(Switzerland)
Switzerland
CHF
102,500,000
Enilive SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Enilive US Inc
(former Eni Sustainable Mobility US Inc)
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
1,000
Enilive SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Enimoov Austria GmbH
(former Eni Mineralölhandel GmbH)
Wien
(Austria)
Austria
EUR
34,156,232.06
Enilive Austria GmbH
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Tasonis DirectorShip SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Enilive Iberia SLU
100.00
100.00
F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
435
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Eni Plenitude SpA Società Benefit
Milan
Italy
EUR
833,135,092
Eni SpA
Third parties
92.42
7.58
92.42
F.C.
Agrikroton Srl - Società Agricola
Cesena 
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Alirsila Srl
Milan
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
Eq.
Atis Floating Wind Srl
Milan
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
Eq.
Be Charge Srl
Milan
Italy
EUR
500,000
Be Power SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Be Charge Valle d'Aosta Srl
Milan
Italy
EUR
10,000
Be Charge Srl
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Be Power SpA
Milan
Italy
EUR
698,251
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Borgia Wind Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
100,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Corridonia Energia Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Dynamica Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
50,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Ecoener Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Elettro Sannio Wind 2 Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
1,225,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Enerkall Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni Plenitude Miniwind Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
50,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni Plenitude Renewables Italy SpA
(former Eni New Energy SpA)
Milan
Italy
EUR
9,296,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni Plenitude Società Agricola Bio Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni Plenitude Solar Abruzzo Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni Plenitude Solar II Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
Plenitude
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
436
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Eni Plenitude Storage Italy Srl
(former Ruggiero Wind Srl)
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eolica Pietramontecorvino Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
100,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eolica Wind Power Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eolo Energie - Corleone - 
Campofiorito Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Evolvere Venture SpA
Milan
Italy
EUR
50,000
Plen. En. Serv. SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Faren Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
FAS Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
119,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Fotovoltaica Pietramontecorvino Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
100,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
FV4P Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Gemsa Solar Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
GPC Due Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
12,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
GPC Uno Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
25,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Green Parity Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Krimisa Floating Wind Srl 
Milan
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
Eq.
Lugo Società Agricola Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Lugo Solar Tech Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Marano Solar Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Marano Solare Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
437
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Marcellinara Wind Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
35,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Messapia Floating Wind Srl 
Milan
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
Eq.
Micropower Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
30,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Molinetto Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Faren Srl
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Montefano Energia Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
20,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Monte San Giusto Solar Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Olivadi Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
100,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Parco Eolico di Tursi e Colobraro Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
31,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Pescina Wind Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
50,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Pieve5 Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Plenitude Energy Services SpA
(former Evolvere SpA Società Benefit)
Milan
Italy
EUR
1,130,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Pollenza Sole Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
32,500
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Ravenna 1 FTV Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
RF-AVIO Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
RF-Cavallerizza Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SAV - Santa Maria Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Società Agricola Casemurate Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Società Agricola Forestale
Pianura Verde Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
100,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Società Agricola Isola d'Agri Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
438
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Società Agricola L'Albero Azzurro Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
100,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Tate Srl
Bologna
Italy
EUR
408,509.29
Evolvere Venture SpA
Third parties
36.00
64.00
Eq.
Timpe Muzzunetti 2 Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
2.500
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
Third parties
70.00
30.00
64.70
F.C.
Vivaro FTV Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
VRG Wind 127 Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
VRG Wind 149 Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
W-Energy Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
93,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Wind Salandra Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
100,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Windsol Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
3,250,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Wind Turbines Engineering 2 Srl
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
5,450,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
439
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Adriaplin Podjetje za distribucijo
zemeljskega plina doo Ljubljana
Ljubljana
(Slovenia)
Slovenia
EUR
12,956,935
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
Third parties
51.00
49.00
47.14
F.C.
Aleria Solar SAS
Bastia
(France)
France
EUR
100
Eni Plen. Op. Fr. SAS
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Almazara Solar SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Alpinia Solar SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Lux. Sàrl
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Argenta Energy Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
10
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
Eq.
Argon SAS
Argenteuil
(France)
France
EUR
180,000
Eni Plen. Op. Fr. SAS
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Armadura Solar SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Arm Wind Llp
Astana
(Kazakhstan)
Kazakhstan
KZT
48,175,700,000
Eni Energy Solutions BV
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Athies-Samoussy Solar PV1 SAS
Argenteuil
(France)
France
EUR
68,000
Krypton SAS
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Athies-Samoussy Solar PV2 SAS
Argenteuil
(France)
France
EUR
40,000
Krypton SAS
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Athies-Samoussy Solar PV3 SAS
Argenteuil
(France)
France
EUR
36,000
Krypton SAS
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Athies-Samoussy Solar PV4 SAS
Argenteuil
(France)
France
EUR
14,000
Xenon SAS
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Athies-Samoussy Solar PV5 SAS
Argenteuil
(France)
France
EUR
14,000
Xenon SAS
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Atlante Solar SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Belle Magiocche Solaire SAS
Bastia
(France)
France
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Op. Fr. SAS
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Boceto Solar SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Bonete Solar SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Lux. Sàrl
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Brazoria Class B Member Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
1,000
Eni New Energy US Inc
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Brazoria County Solar Project Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
1,000
Brazoria HoldCo Llc
100.00
85.47
F.C.
Brazoria HoldCo Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
190,593,950
Brazoria Class B
Third parties
92.48
7.52
85.47
F.C.
Brown Chapel Energy Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
10
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
Eq.
BT Kellam Solar Llc
Austin
(USA)
USA
USD
1,000
Kellam Tax Eq. Partn.
100.00
87.53
F.C.
Burlington Energy Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
10
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
Eq.
Camelia Solar SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Lux. Sàrl
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Cattlemen Class A Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
1
Eni New Energy US Inc
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Celtis Solar SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Lux. Sàrl
100.00
92.42
F.C.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
440
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Chapitel Solar SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Chimney Creek Energy Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
10
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
Eq.
Corazon Energy Class B Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
100
Eni New Energy US Inc
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Corazon Energy Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
100
Corazon Tax Eq. Part. Llc
100.00
88.17
F.C.
Corazon Energy Services Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
100
Eni New Energy US Inc
100.00
Eq.
Corazon Tax Equity Partnership Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
179,823,501
Corazon En. Class B Llc
Third parties
95.40
4.60
88.17
F.C.
Cornisa Solar SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Daviess County Energy Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
10
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
Eq.
Desarrollos Empresariales Illas SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Lux. Sàrl
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eagle Springs Energy Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
10
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
Eq.
Ecovent Parc Eolic SAU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
1,037,350
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Ekain Renovables SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plen. T. S. Spain
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Emery Bull Creek Energy Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
10
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
Eq.
Enera Conseil SAS
Levallois-Perret
(France)
France
EUR
9,690
Eni G&P France SA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Energía Eólica Boreas SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Energías Alternativas Eólicas Riojanas SL
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
2,008,901.71
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
Energías Amb. de Outes
57.50
42.50
92.42
F.C.
Energías Ambientales de Outes SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
643,451.49
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni Energy Solutions BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
20,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni Gas & Power France SA
Levallois-Perret
(France)
France
EUR
239,500,800
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
Third parties
99.99
(..)
92.42
F.C.
Eni New Energy Australia Pty Ltd
Perth
(Australia)
Australia
AUD
4
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni New Energy Batchelor Pty Ltd
Perth
(Australia)
Australia
AUD
1
Eni New En. Aus. Pty Ltd
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni New Energy Katherine  Pty Ltd
Perth
(Australia)
Australia
AUD
1
Eni New En. Aus. Pty Ltd
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni New Energy Manton Dam Pty Ltd
Perth
(Australia)
Australia
AUD
1
Eni New En. Aus. Pty Ltd
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni New Energy US Holding Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
100
Eni New Energy US Inc
Eni New Energy US Inv.Inc
99.00
1.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni New Energy US Inc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
100
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni New Energy US Investing Inc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
1,000
Eni New Energy US Inc
100.00
92.42
F.C.
441
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Eni Plenitude Iberia SLU
Santander
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,192,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni Plenitude Investment Colombia SAS
Bogotà
(Colombia)
Colombia
COP
1,010,840,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
Third parties
51.00
49.00
47.14
F.C.
Eni Plenitude Investment Spain SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
100,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni Plenitude Operations France SAS
Argenteuil
(France)
France
EUR
1,116,489.72
Eni Plen. Ren. Lux. Sàrl
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni Plenitude Renewables France SAS
Argenteuil
(France)
France
EUR
51,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Lux. Sàrl
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni Plenitude Renewables Hellas 
Single Member SA
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
43,227,464
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni Plenitude Renewables 
Luxembourg Sàrl
Luxembourg
(Luxembourg)
Luxembourg
EUR
10,253,560
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni Plenitude Renewables Spain SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
6,680
Eni Plen. Ren. Lux. Sàrl
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni Plenitude Rooftop France SAS
Argenteuil
(France)
France
EUR
40,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Lux. Sàrl
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni Plenitude Technical Services 
Colombia SAS
Bogotà
(Colombia)
Colombia
COP
1,000,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
Third parties
60.00
40.00
55.45
F.C.
Eni Plenitude Technical Services 
Romania Srl
Cluj-Napoca
(Romania)
Romania
RON
4,400
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
Eni Plen. St. Italy Srl
95.00
5.00
92.42
F.C.
Eni Plenitude Technical Services 
Spain SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Eolica Cuellar de la Sierra SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
110,999.77
Eni Plen. Inv. Spain SLU
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Estanque Redondo Solar SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Lux. Sàrl
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Five Mile Energy Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
10
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
Eq.
Flat Bayou Energy Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
10
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
Eq.
Fortaleza Solar SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Fotovoltaica Escudero SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Lux. Sàrl
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Fotovoltaica Fotozar 5 SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
7,616
Eni Plen. Ren. Spain SLU
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Fotovoltaica Fotozar 6 SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
7,545
Eni Plen. Ren. Spain SLU
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Garita Solar SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Gas Supply Company 
Thessaloniki - Thessalia SA
Thessaloniki 
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
13,761,788
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Golden Acres Energy Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
10
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
Eq.
Granville Invest SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Guajillo Energy Storage Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
100
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Guillena Nivel II SL
(former Tebar Solar SLU)
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Almazara Solar SLU
Atlante Solar SLU
Chapitel Solar SLU
Fortaleza Solar SLU 
Garita Solar SLU
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
442
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Hanks Crossing Energy Llc
Dover
USA
USA
USD
10
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
Eq.
HLS Bonete PV SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,602
HLS Bonete Topco SLU
100.00
92.42
F.C.
HLS Bonete Topco SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
6,602
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Holding Lanas Solar Sàrl
Argenteuil
(France)
France
EUR
100
Eni Plen. Op. Fr. SAS
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Huisache Solar Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
10
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
Eq.
Inveese SAS
Bogotà
(Colombia)
Colombia
COP
100,000,000
Eni Plen. Inv. Colombia
Third parties
75.00
25.00
35.35
F.C.
Kellam Solar Class B Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
1
Eni New Energy US Inc
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Kellam Tax Equity Partnership Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
40,236,049
Kellam Solar Class B
Third parties
94.70
5.30
87.53
F.C.
Killington SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Krypton SAS
Argenteuil
(France)
France
EUR
180,000
Eni Plen. Op. Fr. SAS
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Ladronera Solar SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Lanas Solar SAS
Argenteuil
(France)
France
EUR
100
Holding Lanas Solar Sàrl
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Lone Pine Energy Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
10
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
Eq.
Maristella Directorship SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Spain SLU
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Membrio Solar SLU
Lodosa
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Lux. Sàrl
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Miburia Trade SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plen. T. S. Spain
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Muddy Creek Energy Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
10
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
Eq.
Olea Solar SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Lux. Sàrl
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Plumlee SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
POP Solar SAS
Argenteuil
(France)
France
EUR
1,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Lux. Sàrl
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Renopool 1 SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,015
Eni Plen. Ren. Spain SLU
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Richwood Invest SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV1 Single Member  
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
37,600
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV2 Single Member  
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
39,600
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV3 Single Member  
Private Company 
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
37,600
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV4 Single Member  
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
36,600
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV5 Single Member  
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
37,600
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
443
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
SKGRPV6 Single Member  
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
48,300
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV7 Single Member  
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
109,000
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV8 Single Member  
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
27,200
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV9 Single Member  
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
47,200
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV10 Single Member  
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
47,800
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV11 Single Member  
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
57,300
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV12 Single Member  
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
31,000
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV13 Single Member  
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
45,100
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV14 Single Member  
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
34,121,900
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV15 Single Member 
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
39,000
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV16 Single Member  
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
32,000
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV17 Single Member  
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
50,200
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV18 Single Member 
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
36,200
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV19 Single Member 
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
91,400
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
SKGRPV20 Single Member 
Private Company
Athens
(Greece)
Greece
EUR
59,200
Eni Plen. Renew. Hellas
100.00
92.42
F.C.
South Triangle Energy Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
10
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
Eq.
Tallahatchie Energy Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
10
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
Eq.
Tantalio Renovables SLU
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Spain SLU
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Timber Road Blue Harvest Class A Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
1
Eni New Energy US Inc
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Turner Creek Energy Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
10
Eni New Energy US H. Llc
100.00
Eq.
Wind Grower SLU
Ourense
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
593,000
Eni Plen. T. S. Spain
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Wind Hero SLU
Ourense
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
563,000
Eni Plen. T. S. Spain
100.00
92.42
F.C.
Xenon SAS
Argenteuil
(France)
France
EUR
1,500,100
Eni Plen. Op. Fr. SAS
100.00
92.42
F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
444
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
CORPORATE AND OTHER ACTIVITIES
Corporate and financial companies
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Agenzia Giornalistica Italia SpA
Rome
Italy
EUR
2,000,000
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
D-Share SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
121,719.25
AGI SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Corporate University SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
3,360,000
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Insurance SpA
Rome
Italy
EUR
5,000,000
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Trading & Shipping SpA
(in liquidation)
Rome
Italy
EUR
334,171
Eni SpA
100.00
Co.
Eniquantic SpA
Rome
Italy
EUR
50,000
Eni SpA
Third parties
94.00
6.00
Co.
EniServizi SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
13,427,419.08
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eniverse Ventures Srl
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
1,550,000
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Enivibes Srl
Vimodrone (MI)
Italy
EUR
3,552,632
Eniverse
Third parties
76.00
24.00
76.00
F.C.
Servizi Aerei SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
48,205,536
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Banque Eni SA
Bruxelles
(Belgium)
Belgium
EUR
50,000,000
Eni International BV
Eni Oil Holdings BV
99.90
0.10
100.00
F.C.
Eni Finance USA Inc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
2,500,000
Eni Petroleum Co Inc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni Insurance DAC
Dublin
(Ireland)
Ireland
EUR
500,000,000
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni International BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
641,683,425
Eni SpA
100.00
100.00
F.C.
Eni International Resources Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
United Kingdom
GBP
50,000
Eni SpA
Eni UK Ltd
99.99
(..)
100.00
F.C.
Eni Next Llc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
100
Eni Petroleum Co Inc
100.00
100.00
F.C.
  
445
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Other activities
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Eni Rewind SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
101,755,495.30
Eni SpA
Third parties
99.99
(..)
100.00
F.C.
Industria Siciliana Acido
Fosforico - ISAF - SpA
(in liquidation)
Gela (CL)
Italy
EUR
1,300,000
Eni Rewind SpA
Third parties
52.00
48.00
Eq.
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Eni Rewind International BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
20,000
Eni International BV
100.00
Eq.
Oleodotto del Reno SA
Coira
(Switzerland)
Switzerland
CHF
1,550,000
Eni Rewind SpA
100.00
Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
446
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(†) Jointly controlled entity.
JOINT ARRANGEMENTS AND ASSOCIATES
EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Agri-Energy Srl(†)
Jolanda di Savoia
(FE)
Italy
EUR
50,000
Eni Natural Energies SpA
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
Azule Energy Angola SpA
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Angola
EUR
20,200,000
Azule Energy Holdings Ltd
100.00
Mozambique Rovuma Venture SpA(†)
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Mozambique
EUR
20,000,000
Eni SpA
Third parties
35.71
64.29
Eq.
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Agiba Petroleum Co(†)
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Ieoc Production BV
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Co.
Ashrafi Island Petroleum Co
(in liquidation)
Cairo 
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Ieoc Production BV
Third parties
25.00
75.00
Co.
Azule Energy Angola (Block 18) BV
Rotterdam
(Netherlands)
Angola
EUR
2,275,625.42
Azule Energy Holdings Ltd
100.00
Azule Energy Angola BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Angola
EUR
20,000
Azule Energy Holdings Ltd
100.00
Azule Energy Angola Production BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Angola
EUR
20,000
Azule Energy Holdings Ltd
100.00
Azule Energy Exploration Angola (KB) Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Angola
USD
1
Azule Energy Holdings Ltd
100.00
Azule Energy Exploration (Angola) Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Angola
USD
1,000,000
Azule Energy Holdings Ltd
100.00
Azule Energy Gas Supply Services Inc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
1,000
Azule Energy Holdings Ltd
100.00
Azule Energy Holdings Ltd(†)
London
(United Kingdom)
United  
Kingdom
USD
1,000,000
Eni International BV
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
Azule Energy Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Angola
USD
1
Azule Energy Holdings Ltd
100.00
Azule Energy US Gas Llc 
Wilmington
(USA)
USA
USD
12,800,000
Azule En. Gas Sup. S. Inc
100.00
Barentsmorneftegaz Sàrl(†)
Luxembourg
(Luxembourg)
Russia
USD
20,000
Eni Energy Russia BV
Third parties
33.33
66.67
Eq.
447
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(#) Company with shares listed on regulated market of extra-EU Countries.
(†) Jointly controlled entity.
(a) Shares without nominal value.
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Cabo Delgado Gas Development
Limitada(†)
Maputo
(Mozambique)
Mozambique
MZN
2,500,000
Eni Mozamb. LNG H. BV
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Co.
Cardón IV SA(†)
Caracas
(Venezuela)
Venezuela
VED
0
Eni Venezuela BV
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
Compañia Agua Plana SA
Caracas
(Venezuela)
Venezuela
VED
0
Eni Venezuela BV
Third parties
26.00
74.00
Co.
Coral FLNG SA
Maputo
(Mozambique)
Mozambique
MZN
100,000,000
Eni Mozamb. LNG H. BV
Third parties
25.00
75.00
Eq.
Coral South FLNG DMCC                                                              Dubai
(United Arab
Emirates)
United Arab
Emirates 
AED
500,000
Eni Mozamb. LNG H. BV
Third parties
25.00
75.00
Eq.
E&E Algeria Touat BV(†)
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Algeria
EUR
63,149,580
Eni En. Touat Hold. BV
Third parties
54.00
46.00
Eq.
East Delta Gas Co
(in liquidation)
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Ieoc Production BV
Third parties
37.50
62.50
Co.
East Obaiyed Petroleum Co 
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Ieoc Production BV
Third parties
37.50
62.50
Co.
El Temsah Petroleum Co
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Ieoc Production BV
Third parties
25.00
75.00
Co.
El-Fayrouz Petroleum Co(†)
(in liquidation)
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Ieoc Exploration BV
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Fedynskmorneftegaz Sàrl(†)
Luxembourg
(Luxembourg)
Russia
USD
20,000
Eni Energy Russia BV
Third parties
33.33
66.67
Eq.
In Salah Gas Ltd
St. Helier
(Jersey)
Netherlands
 GBP
180
Eni In Salah Ltd
Third parties
25.56
74.44
Co.
In Salah Gas Services Ltd
St. Helier
(Jersey)
Netherlands
 GBP
180
Eni In Salah Ltd
Third parties
25.56
74.44
Co.
Isatay Operating Company Llp(†)
Astana
(Kazakhstan)
Kazakhstan
KZT
400,000
Eni Isatay
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Co.
Ithaca Energy Plc(#)
London
(United Kingdom)
United  
Kingdom
 GBP
16,537,324.55
Eni UK Ltd
Third parties
37.17
62.83
Eq.
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Kazakhstan
EUR
20,000
Agip Karachaganak BV
Third parties
29.25
70.75
Co.
Khaleej Petroleum Co Wll
Safat
(Kuwait)
Kuwait
KWD
250,000
Eni Middle E. Ltd
Third parties
49.00
51.00
Eq.
Liberty National Development Co Llc
Wilmington
(USA)
USA
USD
0
Eni Oil & Gas Inc
Third parties
32.50
67.50
Eq.
Mangistau Power BV(†)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Kazakhstan
USD
104,381,000
Eni International BV
Third parties
51.00
49.00
Eq.
Mediterranean Gas Co
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Ieoc Production BV
Third parties
25.00
75.00
Co.
Meleiha Petroleum Company 
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Ieoc Production BV
Third parties
37.50
62.50
Co.
Mellitah Oil & Gas BV(†)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Libya
EUR
20,000
Eni North Africa BV
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Co.
Nile Delta Oil Co Nidoco
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Ieoc Production BV
Third parties
37.50
62.50
Co.
NOGAT BV(†)
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
30,657,500
Eni En. Holding NL BV
Third parties
15.00
85.00
15.00
J.O.
Noordgastransport BV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
18,151,208.64
Eni En. Holding NL BV
Third parties
18.57
81.43
Eq.
(a)
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
448
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(#) Company with shares listed on regulated market of extra-EU Countries.
(†) Jointly controlled entity.
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Norpipe Terminal Holdco Ltd
London
(United Kingdom)
Norway
GBP
55.69
Eni SpA
Third parties
14.20
85.80
Eq.
North El Burg Petroleum Co
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Ieoc Production BV
Third parties
25.00
75.00
Co.
North El Hammad Petroleum Co
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
USD
20,000
Ieoc Production BV
Third parties
18.75
81.25
Co.
Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co(†)
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Ieoc Production BV
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Co.
PetroBicentenario SA(†)
Caracas
(Venezuela)
Venezuela
VED
0
Eni Lasmo Plc
Third parties
40.00
60.00
Eq.
PetroJunín SA(†)
Caracas
(Venezuela)
Venezuela
VED
0.02
Eni Lasmo Plc
Third parties
40.00
60.00
Eq.
PetroSucre SA
Caracas
(Venezuela)
Venezuela
VED
0
Eni Venezuela BV
Third parties
26.00
74.00
Eq.
Pharaonic Petroleum Co
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Ieoc Production BV
Third parties
25.00
75.00
Co.
Port Said Petroleum Co(†)
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Ieoc Production BV
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Co.
QatarEnergy LNG NFE (5)
Doha
(Qatar)
Qatar
USD
1,175,885,000
Eni Qatar BV
Third parties
25.00
75.00
Eq.
Rovuma LNG Investment (DIFC) Ltd
Dubai
(United Arab
Emirates)
Mozambique
USD
50,000
Eni Mozamb. LNG H. BV
Third parties
25.00
75.00
Eq.
Rovuma LNG SA
Maputo
(Mozambique)
Mozambique
MZN
100,000,000
Eni Mozamb. LNG H. BV
Third parties
25.00
75.00
Eq.
Shorouk Petroleum Company 
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Ieoc Production BV
Third parties
25.00
75.00
Co.
Société Centrale Electrique
du Congo SA 
Pointe-Noire
(Republic
of the Congo)
Republic
of the Congo
XAF
44,732,000,000
Eni Congo SAU
Third parties
20.00
80.00
Eq.
Société Italo Tunisenne
d’Exploitation Pétrolière SA(†)
Tunis
(Tunisia)
Tunisia
TND
5,000,000
Eni Tunisia BV
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
Sodeps - Société de Developpement
et d’Exploitation du Permis du Sud SA(†)
Tunis
(Tunisia)
Tunisia
TND
100,000
Eni Tunisia BV
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Co.
Tecninco Engineering Contractors Llp(†)
Aksai
(Kazakhstan)
Kazakhstan
KZT
29,478,455
EniProgetti SpA
Third parties
49.00
51.00
Eq.
Thekah Petroleum Co
(in liquidation)
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Ieoc Exploration BV
Third parties
25.00
75.00
United Gas Derivatives Co
New Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
USD
153,000,000
Eni International BV
Third parties
33.33
66.67
Eq.
Vår Energi ASA(#)
Sandnes
(Norway)
Norway
NOK
399,425,000
Eni International BV
Third parties
63.04
36.96
Eq.
VIC CBM Ltd(†)
London
(United Kingdom)
Indonesia
USD
52,315,912
Eni Lasmo Plc
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
Virginia Indonesia Co CBM Ltd(†)
London
(United Kingdom)
Indonesia
USD
25,631,640
Eni Lasmo Plc
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
West Ashrafi Petroleum Co(†)
(in liquidation)
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Ieoc Exploration BV
Third parties
50.00
50.00
449
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(†) Jointly controlled entity.
(a) Equity ratio equal to the Eni's working interest.
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
SeaCorridor Srl(†)
San Donato
Milanese (MI) 
Italy
EUR
100,000,000
Eni SpA
Third parties
50.10
49.90
Eq.
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Blue Stream Pipeline Co BV(†)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Russia
USD
22,000
Eni International BV
Third parties
50.00
50.00
74.62 (a)
J.O.
Damietta LNG (DLNG) SAE(†)
Damietta
(Egypt)
Egypt
USD
375,000,000
Eni Gas Liquef. BV
Third parties
50.00
50.00
50.00
J.O.
DLNG Service SAE(†)
Damietta
(Egypt)
Egypt
USD
1,000,000
Damietta LNG
Eni Gas Liquef. BV
Third parties
98.00
1.00
1.00
50.00
J.O.
GreenStream BV(†)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Libya
EUR
200,000,000
Eni North Africa BV
Third parties
50.00
50.00
50.00
J.O.
Société Energies Renouvelables
Eni-ETAP SA(†) 
Tunis
(Tunisia)
Tunisia
TND
11,100,000
Eni International BV
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
GLOBAL GAS & LNG PORTFOLIO AND POWER
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
450
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(†) Jointly controlled entity.
Power
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Società EniPower Ferrara Srl(†)
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
140,000,000
EniPower SpA
Third parties
51.00
49.00
26.01
J.O.
451
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

REFINING AND CHEMICALS
Refining
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
CePIM Centro Padano Interscambio 
Merci SpA
Fontevivo 
(PR)
Italy
EUR
6,642,928.32
Ecofuel SpA
Third parties
44.78
55.22
Eq.
Consorzio Operatori GPL di Napoli
Napoli
Italy
EUR
102,000
Ecofuel SpA
Third parties
25.00
75.00
Co.
Costiero Gas Livorno SpA(†)
Livorno
Italy
EUR
26,000,000
Ecofuel SpA
Third parties
65.00
35.00
65.00
J.O.
Disma SpA
Segrate (MI)
Italy
EUR
2,600,000
Ecofuel SpA
Third parties
25.00
75.00
Eq.
Green Hydrogen Venezia Srl(†)
Verona
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni SpA
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
Porto Petroli di Genova SpA
Genova
Italy
EUR
2,068,000
Ecofuel SpA
Third parties
40.50
59.50
Eq.
Raffineria di Milazzo ScpA(†)
Milazzo (ME)
Italy
EUR
171,143,000
Eni SpA
Third parties
50.00
50.00
50.00
J.O.
Seram SpA
Fiumicino (RM)
Italy
EUR
852,000
Eni SpA
Third parties
25.00
75.00
Eq.
Sigea Sistema Integrato Genova 
Arquata SpA
Genova
Italy
EUR
3,326,900
Ecofuel SpA
Third parties
35.00
65.00
Eq.
Società Oleodotti Meridionali - 
SOM SpA(†)
Rome
Italy
EUR
3,085,000
Eni SpA
Third parties
70.00
30.00
Eq.
South Italy Green Hydrogen Srl(†)
Rome
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni SpA
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Company
(TAKREER)
Abu Dhabi
(United Arab
Emirates)
United Arab
Emirates
AED
500,000,000
Eni Abu Dhabi R&T BV
Third parties
20.00
80.00
Eq.
ADNOC Global Trading Ltd
Abu Dhabi
(United Arab
Emirates)
United Arab
Emirates
USD
100,000,000
Eni Abu Dhabi R&T BV
Third parties
20.00
80.00
Eq.
Egyptian International Gas 
Technology Co
New Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
100,000,000
Eni International BV
Third parties
40.00
60.00
Eq.
Mediterranée Bitumes SA
Tunis
(Tunisia)
Tunisia
TND
1,000,000
Eni International BV
Third parties
34.00
66.00
Eq.
Supermetanol CA(†)
Jose Puerto
La Cruz
(Venezuela)
Venezuela
VED
0
Ecofuel SpA
Supermetanol CA
Third parties
34.51
30.07
35.42
50.00(a)
J.O.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(†) Jointly controlled entity.
(a) Equity ratio equal to the Eni's working interest.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
452
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Chemicals
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Brindisi Servizi Generali Scarl
Brindisi
Italy
EUR
1,549,060
Versalis SpA
Eni Rewind SpA
EniPower SpA
Third parties
49.00
20.20
8.90
21.90
Eq.
IFM Ferrara ScpA
Ferrara
Italy
EUR
5,304,464
Versalis SpA
Eni Rewind SpA
S.E.F. Srl
Third parties
19.61
11.51
10.63
58.25
Eq.
Polymer Servizi Ecologici Scarl
Terni
Italy
 EUR
10,000
Novamont SpA
Third parties
32.44
67.56
Eq.
Priolo Servizi ScpA
Melilli (SR)
Italy
EUR
28,100,000
Versalis SpA
Eni Rewind SpA
Third parties
37.22
5.65
57.13
Eq.
Ravenna Servizi Industriali ScpA
Ravenna
Italy
EUR
5,597,400
Versalis SpA
EniPower SpA
Ecofuel SpA
Third parties
42.13
30.37
1.85
25.65
Eq.
Servizi Porto Marghera Scarl
Venezia
Marghera (VE) 
Italy
EUR
8,695,718
Versalis SpA
Eni Rewind SpA
Third parties
48.44
38.39
13.17
Eq.
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
BioBag Baltic OÜ
Tallinn
(Estonia)
Estonia
 EUR
3,846
BioBag International
Third parties
35.00
65.00
Eq.
Lotte Versalis Elastomers Co Ltd(†)
Yeosu
(South Korea)
South Korea
KRW
701,800,000,000
Versalis SpA
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
Versalis Chem-invest Llp(†)
Uralsk City
(Kazakhstan)
Kazakhstan
KZT
64,194,000
Versalis International SA
Third parties
49.00
51.00
Eq.
VPM Oilfield Specialty Chemicals Llc(†)
Abu Dhabi
(United Arab
Emirates)
United Arab
Emirates
AED
1,000,000
Versalis International SA
Third parties
49.00
51.00
Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(†) Jointly controlled entity.
453
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

ENILIVE AND PLENITUDE
Enilive
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
AET - Raffineriebeteiligungsgesellschaft 
mbH(†)
Schwedt
(Germany)
Germany
EUR
27,000
Enilive Deutsch. GmbH
Third parties
33.33
66.67
Eq.
Agass Energy Solution Europe SL(†)
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Aten Oil Setor SLU
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
Bayernoil Raffineriegesellschaft mbH(†)
Vohburg
(Germany)
Germany
EUR
10,226,000
Enilive Deutsch. GmbH
Third parties
20.00
80.00
20.00
J.O.
City Carburoil SA(†)
Monteceneri
(Switzerland)
Switzerland
CHF
6,000,000
Enilive Suisse SA
Third parties
49.91
50.09
Eq.
ENEOS Italsing Pte Ltd
Singapore
(Singapore)
Singapore
SGD
12,000,000
Enilive SpA
Third parties
22.50
77.50
Eq.
Fuelling Aviation Services GIE
Tremblay-
en-France
(France)
France
EUR
0
Enilive France Sàrl
Third parties
25.00
75.00
Co.
LG-Eni BioRefining Co Ltd
Seosan-Si
(South Korea)
South Korea
 KRW
6,804,000,000
Enilive SpA
Third parties
49.00
51.00
Eq.
Pengerang Biorefinery Sdn Bhd(†)
Kuala Lumpur
(Malaysia)
Malaysia
 MYR
67,500,000
Enilive SpA
Third parties
47.50
52.50
Eq.
Routex BV
Amsterdam
(Netherlands)
Netherlands
EUR
67,500
Enilive SpA
Routex BV
Third parties
20.00 
20.00
60.00
Eq.
Saraco SA
Meyrin
(Switzerland)
Switzerland
CHF
420,000
Enilive Suisse SA
Third parties
20.00
80.00
Co.
St. Bernard Renewables Llc(†)
Wilmington
(USA)
USA
USD
1,000
Enilive US Inc
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
TBG Tanklager Betriebsgesellschaft 
GmbH(†)
Salzburg
(Austria)
Austria
EUR
43,603.70
Enilive Mark. A. GmbH
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
Weat Electronic Datenservice GmbH
Düsseldorf
(Germany)
Germany
EUR
409,034
Enilive Deutsch. GmbH
Third parties
20.00
80.00
Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(†) Jointly controlled entity.
(a) Controlling interest: Enilive SpA	
25.00 
Third parties    75.00
(a)
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
454
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Plenitude
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Bettercity SpA
Bergamo
Italy
EUR
4,050,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
Evogy Srl Società Benefit(†)
Seriate (BG)
Italy
EUR
11,785.71
Evolvere Venture SpA
Third parties
54.55
45.45
Eq.
GreenIT SpA(†)
San Donato
Milanese (MI)
Italy
EUR
50,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
Third parties
51.00
49.00
Eq.
Hergo Renewables SpA(†)
Milan
Italy
EUR
50,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
Third parties
65.00
35.00
Eq.
Siel Agrisolare Srl(†)
Cesena
(FC)
Italy
EUR
10,000
Eni Plen. Ren. Italy SpA
Third parties
51.00
49.00
Eq.
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
2022 Sol VII Llc(†)
Wilmington
(USA)
USA
USD
84,794,091
Timber Road Blue Harvest
Third parties
75.26
24.74
Eq.
2023 Sol IX Llc(†)
Wilmington
(USA)
USA
USD
210,333,261
Cattlemen Class A Llc
Third parties
73.59
26.41
Eq.
Bluebell Solar Class A Holdings II Llc
Wilmington
(USA)
USA
USD
82,351,634
Eni New Energy US Inc
Third parties
99.00
1.00
Eq.
Clarensac Solar SAS
Fuveau
(France)
France
EUR
25,000
Eni Plen. Op. Fr. SAS
Third parties
40.00
60.00
Eq.
EnerOcean SL(†)
Malaga
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
493,320
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
Third parties
37.70
62.30
Eq.
Evacuación San Serván 400 SL(†)
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Renopool 1 SLU
Third parties
68.77
31.23
Eq.
Grijota Renovables SL
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Fotovoltaica Fotozar 6
Fotovoltaica Fotozar 5
Third parties
8.67
8.66
82.67
Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(†) Jointly controlled entity.
455
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(†) Jointly controlled entity.
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Guillena 400 Promotores SL(†)
Seville
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Almazara Solar SLU
Atlante Solar SLU
Chapitel Solar SLU
Fortaleza Solar SLU
Garita Solar SLU
Third parties
6.99
6.99
6.99
6.99
6.99
65.05
Eq.
Infraestructuras Renovables  
de Entrenúcleos SL(†)
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Killington SLU
Granville Invest SLU
Plumlee SLU
Richwood Invest SLU
Third parties
12.24
12.23
12.23
12.23
51.07
Eq.
Infraestructuras San Serván SET 400 SL(†)
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
90,000
Renopool 1 SLU
Third parties
42.31
57.69
Eq.
Instalaciones San Serván II 400 SL(†)
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
11,026
Renopool 1 SLU
Third parties
52.38
47.62
Eq.
Mangistau Renewables BV(†)
Amsterdam
(Netherlands) 
Netherlands
USD
42,822,000
Eni Energy Solutions BV
Third parties
51.00
49.00
Eq.
Novis Renewables Holdings Llc
Wilmington
(USA)
USA
USD
100
Eni New Energy US Inc
Third parties
49.00
51.00
Eq.
Novis Renewables Llc(†)
Wilmington
(USA)
USA
USD
100
Eni New Energy US Inc
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
Parc Tramuntana SL(†)
Cerdanyola
del Valles
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,500
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
Parque Eolico Marino La Janda SL(†)
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
Parque Eolico Marino Nordes SL(†)
La Coruña
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
Parque Eolico Marino Tarahal SL(†)
Las Palmas 
de Gran Canaria
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
POW - Polish Offshore 
Wind-Co Sp zoo(†)
Warsaw
(Poland)
Poland
PLN
5,000
Eni Energy Solutions BV
Third parties
95.00
5.00
Eq.
Promotores Caparacena 400 SL
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Ladronera Solar SLU
Boceto Solar SLU
Cornisa Solar SLU
Third parties
8.21
7.30
7.30
77.19
Eq.
ST Becerril Renovables SL(†)
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Fotovoltaica Fotozar 6
Fotovoltaica Fotozar 5
Third parties
17.37
17.36
65.27
Eq.
Tramuntana Energy LAB SL(†)
Cerdanyola
del Valles
(Spain)
Spain
 EUR
3,000
Eni Plenitude SpA SB
Third parties
50.00
50.00
Eq.
Vårgrønn AS(†)
Stavanger
(Norway)
Norway
NOK
800,000
Eni Energy Solutions BV
Third parties
65.00
35.00
Eq.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
456
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

CORPORATE AND OTHER ACTIVITIES
Corporate and financial companies
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Consorzio per l'attuazione del Progetto
Divertor Tokamak Test DTT Scarl(†) 
Frascati
(RM)
Italy
EUR
 1,000,000 
Eni SpA
Third parties
25.00
75.00
Co.
Energy Dome SpA
Milan
Italy
EUR
 190,425.41 
Eni Next Llc
Third parties
Eq.
Saipem SpA(#)(†) 
Milan
Italy
EUR
 501,669,790.83 
Eni SpA
Saipem SpA
Third parties
21.19
1.92
76.89
(a)
Eq.
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Avanti Battery Company 
Natick
(USA)
USA
USD
813.58
Eni Next Llc
Third parties
Eq.
Commonwealth Fusion Systems Llc 
Wilmington
(USA)
USA
USD
943.23
Eni Next Llc
Third parties
Eq.
Cool Planet Technologies Ltd 
London
(United Kingdom)
United  
Kingdom
GBP
1,000
Eni Next Llc
Third parties
Eq.
CZero Inc 
Wilmington
(USA)
USA
USD
570.88
Eni Next Llc
Third parties
Eq.
Form Energy Inc 
Somerville
(USA)
USA
USD
1,149.76
Eni Next Llc
Third parties
Eq.
M2X Energy Inc 
Wilmington
(USA)
USA
USD
24.76
Eni Next Llc
Third parties
Eq.
Mantel Capture Inc
Wilmington
(USA)
USA
USD
989.01
Eni Next Llc
Third parties
Eq.
sHYp BV PBC 
Wilmington
(USA)
USA
USD
103.01
Eni Next Llc
Third parties
Eq.
Swift Solar Inc
Wilmington
(USA)
USA
 USD
170.58
Eni Next Llc
Third parties
Eq.
Thiozen Inc 
Wilmington
(USA)
USA
USD
363.90
Eni Next Llc
Third parties
Eq.
Tidal Vision Products Inc
Dover
(USA)
USA
USD
1,347.81
Eni Next Llc
Third parties
Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(#) Company with shares listed on regulated market of Italy or of other EU countries.
(†) Jointly controlled entity.
(a) Controlling interest: 	 Eni SpA	
21.61
 	
Third parties	
78.39
457
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

Other activities
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders
% Ownership
% Equity ratio
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
HEA SpA(†)
Bologna
Italy
EUR
 50,000 
Eni Rewind SpA
Third parties
50.00
50.00
50.00
J.O.
LabAnalysis Environmental Science Srl(†)
San Giovanni
Teatino (CH) 
Italy
EUR
 100,000 
Eni Rewind SpA
Third parties
30.00
70.00
Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(†) Jointly controlled entity.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
458
MANAGEMENT 
REPORT
CONSOLIDATED 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANNEX

OTHER SIGNIFICANT INVESTMENTS
EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholders 
% Ownership
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
BF SpA(#)
Jolanda di Savoia
(FE)
Italy
EUR
261,883,391
Eni Natural Energies SpA
Third parties
5.32
94.68
F.V.
Consorzio Universitario in Ingegneria
per la Qualità e l’Innovazione
Pisa
Italy
EUR
142,000
Eni SpA
Third parties
12.50
87.50
F.V.
Società Italiana Sementi SpA
San Lazzaro
di Savena (BO)
Italy
EUR
40,790,314.24
Eni Natural Energies SpA
Third parties
17.24
82.76
F.V.
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholdersp
% Ownership
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Administradora del Golfo
de Paria Este SA 
Caracas
(Venezuela)
Venezuela
VED
0
Eni Venezuela BV
Third parties
19.50
80.50
F.V.
Alam El Shawish Petroleum Co
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Eni En. Alam El Shaw. BV
Third parties
12.50
87.50
F.V.
Brass LNG Ltd
Lagos
(Nigeria)
Nigeria
USD
1,000,000
Eni Int. NA NV Sàrl
Third parties
20.48
79.52
F.V.
Darwin LNG Pty Ltd
West Perth
(Australia)
Australia
AUD
187,569,921.42
Eni G&P LNG Aus. BV
Third parties
10.99
89.01
F.V.
New Liberty Residential Urban
Renewal Company Llc 
West Trenton
(USA)
USA
USD
0(a) Eni Oil & Gas Inc
Third parties
17.50
82.50
F.V.
Nigeria LNG Ltd
Port Harcourt
(Nigeria)
Nigeria
USD
1,138,207,000
Eni Int. NA NV Sàrl
Third parties
10.40
89.60
F.V.
North Caspian Operating Company NV
The Hague
(Netherlands)
Kazakhstan
EUR
128,520
Agip Caspian Sea BV
Third parties
16.81
83.19
F.V.
Petrolera Güiria SA
Caracas
(Venezuela)
Venezuela
VED
0
Eni Venezuela BV
Third parties
19.50
80.50
F.V.
Torsina Oil Co
Cairo
(Egypt)
Egypt
EGP
20,000
Ieoc Production BV
Third parties
12.50
87.50
F.V.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(#) Company with shares listed on regulated market of Italy or of other EU countries.
(a) Shares without nominal value.
459
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(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
GLOBAL GAS & LNG PORTFOLIO AND POWER
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholdersp
% Ownership
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Norsea Gas GmbH
Friedeburg-Etzel
(Germany)
Germany
EUR
1,533,875.64
Eni International BV
Third parties
13.04
86.96
F.V.
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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ANNEX

(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
REFINING AND CHEMICALS
Refining
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholdersp
% Ownership
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Saudi European Petrochemical Co 
"IBN ZAHR"
Al Jubail
(Saudi Arabia)
Saudi Arabia 
SAR
1,200,000,000
Ecofuel SpA
Third parties
10.00
90.00
F.V.
Tema Lube Oil Co Ltd
Accra
(Ghana)
Ghana
GHS
258,309
Eni International BV
Third parties
12.00
88.00
F.V.
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(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
(a) Shares without nominal value.
ENILIVE AND PLENITUDE
Enilive
OUTSIDE ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholdersp
% Ownership
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Dépôt Pétrolier de la Côte d’Azur SAS
Nanterre 
(France)
France
EUR
207,500
Enilive France Sàrl
Third parties
18.00
82.00
F.V.
Dépôts Pétroliers de Fos SA
Fos-Sur-Mer
(France)
France
EUR
3,954,196.40
Enilive France Sàrl
Third parties
16.81
83.19
F.V.
Gestión de Envases Comerciales 
e Industriales SL 
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
3,000
Enilive Iberia SLU
Third parties
16.40
83.60
F.V.
Joint Inspection Group Ltd
Cambourne
(United Kingdom)
United  
Kingdom
GBP
0
Enilive SpA
Third parties
12.50
87.50
F.V.
S.I.P.G. Société Immobilière Pétrolière
de Gestion Snc
Tremblay-en-
France
(France)
France
EUR
40,000
Enilive France Sàrl
Third parties
12.50
87.50
F.V.
Sistema Integrado de Gestion
de Aceites Usados
Madrid
(Spain)
Spain
EUR
175,713
Enilive Iberia SLU
Third parties
15.45
84.55
F.V.
TAR - Tankanlage Ruemlang AG
Ruemlang
(Switzerland)
Switzerland
CHF
3,259,500
Enilive Suisse SA
Third parties
16.27
83.73
F.V.
(a)
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(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value.
CORPORATE AND OTHER ACTIVITIES
Other activities
IN ITALY
Company name
Registered office
Country 
of operation
Currency
Share Capital
Shareholdersp
% Ownership
Consolidation or
valutation method(*)
Ottana Sviluppo ScpA
(in bankruptcy)
Nuoro
Italy
EUR
 516,000 
Eni Rewind SpA
Third parties
30.00
70.00
F.V.
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Changes in the scope of consolidation for 2024
Fully consolidated subsidiaries
Companies included (No. 65)
Aten Oil Activos SLU
Madrid
Enilive 
Acquisition
Aten Oil Operaciones SLU
Madrid
Enilive 
Acquisition
Aten Oil Setor Activos SLU
Madrid
Enilive 
Acquisition
Aten Oil Setor Operaciones SLU
Madrid
Enilive 
Acquisition
Aten Oil Setor SLU
Madrid
Enilive 
Acquisition
Aten Oil SLU
Madrid
Enilive 
Acquisition
Bacton CCS Ltd
London
Exploration & Production
Relevancy
Cattlemen Class A Llc
Dover
Plenitude
Acquisition
Enera Conseil SAS
Levallois-Perret
Plenitude
Acquisition of control
EniProgetti Egypt Ltd
Cairo
Exploration & Production
Relevancy
Eniverse Ventures Srl
San Donato Milanese (MI)
Corporate and financial companies
Relevancy
Enivibes Srl
Vimodrone (MI)
Corporate and financial companies
Relevancy
Eni Energy Alam El Shawish BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Arguni I BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Ashrafi BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Australia Pty Ltd
Perth
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Bonaparte Pty Ltd
Perth
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Bondco Ltd 
(in liquidation)
London
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Brasil Participações Ltda
Rio de Janeiro
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Capital Ltd 
(in liquidation)
London
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy E&P Holding Netherlands BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy E&P UKCS Ltd
London
 Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy E&P UK Ltd
London
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy East Ganal BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy East Sepinggan BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Egypt BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Exploration BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Facilities Netherlands BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
ENI ANNUAL REPORT 2024
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ANNEX

Eni Energy Finance Ltd
London
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy France SAS
Neuilly-Sur-Seine
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Germany BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Group Holdings Ltd
London
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Group Ltd
London
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Group Midco Ltd
London
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Group Resourcing Ltd
London
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Holding Netherlands BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Hydrogen BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Hydrogen Ltd 
(in liquidation)
London
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy International SAS
Neuilly-Sur-Seine
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Jakarta BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Muara Bakau BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Netherlands Administration BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Netherlands BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy North Ganal BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy North West El Amal BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Participation Netherlands BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy Touat Holding BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Energy West Ganal BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Insurance SpA
Rome
Corporate and financial companies
Constitution
Eni Marine Services SpA
San Donato Milanese (MI)
Exploration & Production
Relevancy
Eni Natural Energies Côte d'Ivoire SA
Abidjan
Exploration & Production
Relevancy
Eni Natural Energies Mozambico Srl
San Donato Milanese (MI)
Exploration & Production
Relevancy
Eni Netherlands CCUS BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Tellus CCS Ltd
London
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Eni Timor 22-23 BV
Amsterdam
Exploration & Production
Relevancy
Fotovoltaica Fotozar 5 SLU
Madrid
Plenitude
Acquisition
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Anberia Invest SLU
Madrid
Plenitude
Cancellation
Burren Shakti Ltd 
(in liquidation)
Hamilton
Exploration & Production
Cancellation
Corlinter 5000 SLU
Madrid
Plenitude
Cancellation
Desarrollos Energéticos Riojanos SL
Madrid
Plenitude
Fusion
EniBioCh4in Alexandria Srl Società Agricola
San Donato Milanese (MI)
Enilive
Fusion
EniBioCh4in Flaibano Srl Società Agricola
San Donato Milanese (MI)
Enilive
Fusion
EniBioCh4in Momo Società Agricola Srl
San Donato Milanese (MI)
Enilive
Fusion
EniBioCh4in Service BioGas Srl
San Donato Milanese (MI)
Enilive
Fusion
Eni Algeria Ltd Sàrl
Luxembourg 
Exploration & Production
Irrelevancy
Eni Bahrain BV
Amsterdam 
Exploration & Production
Irrelevancy
Eni Ecuador SA
Quito
Refining
Sale
Eni Elgin/Franklin Ltd
London
Exploration & Production
Business Combination
Eni Energy E&P UKCS Ltd
London
Exploration & Production
Business Combination
Eni Energy E&P UK Ltd
London
Exploration & Production
Business Combination
Eni JPDA 11-106 BV
Amsterdam
Exploration & Production
Sale
Eni MOG Ltd  
(in liquidation)
London
Exploration & Production
Cancellation
Companies excluded (No. 37)
Fotovoltaica Fotozar 6 SLU
Madrid
Plenitude
Acquisition
Granville Invest SLU
Madrid
Plenitude
Acquisition
Killington SLU
Madrid
Plenitude
Acquisition
Plumlee SLU
Madrid
Plenitude
Acquisition
Production North Sea Netherlands Ltd
Wilmington
Exploration & Production
Acquisition
Richwood Invest SLU
Madrid
Plenitude
Acquisition
Tasonis DirectorShip SLU
Madrid
Enilive 
Acquisition
Timber Road Blue Harvest Class A Llc
Dover
Plenitude
Acquisition
Versalis International Côte d'Ivoire Sarlu
Abidjan
Chemicals
Relevancy
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ANNEX

Consolidated Joint Operation
Companies included (No. 2)
NOGAT BV
The Hague
Exploration & Production
Acquisition of joint control 
HEA SpA 
Bologna
Other activities
Relevancy
Eni Plenitude Solar & Miniwind Italia Srl
Cesena 
Plenitude
Fusion
Eni Plenitude Solar III Srl
Cesena 
Plenitude
Fusion
Eni Plenitude Solar Srl
Cesena 
Plenitude
Fusion
Eni Plenitude Technical Services Srl
Cesena 
Plenitude
Fusion
Eni Plenitude Wind & Energy Srl
Cesena 
Plenitude
Fusion
Eni Plenitude Wind 2020 Srl
Cesena 
Plenitude
Fusion
Eni Plenitude Wind 2022 SpA
Cesena 
Plenitude
Fusion
Eni Timor Leste SpA
San Donato Milanese (MI)
Exploration & Production
Irrelevancy
Eni UKCS Ltd
London
Exploration & Production
Business Combination
Esain SA
Quito
Refining
Sale
Guillena Nivel II SL 
(ex Tebar Solar SLU)
Madrid
Plenitude
Irrelevancy
Guilleus Consulting SLU
Madrid
Plenitude
Cancellation
Ieoc SpA
San Donato Milanese (MI)
Exploration & Production
Irrelevancy
Ixia Solar SLU
Madrid
Plenitude
Cancellation
Mater-Biotech SpA
Novara
Chemicals
Fusion
Nigerian Agip Oil Co Ltd
Abuja
Exploration & Production
Sale
Opalo Solar SLU
Madrid
Plenitude
Cancellation
Pistacia Solar SLU
Madrid
Plenitude
Cancellation
Punes Trade SLU
Madrid
Plenitude
Cancellation
Società Agricola Agricentro Srl
Cesena 
Plenitude
Fusion
Zinnia Solar SLU
Madrid
Plenitude
Cancellation
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Audit fees
(€ thousand)
Parent company's independent
accounting firm
Member firms of the independent
accounting firm
Total
Services
Eni SpA
(parent 
company)
Eni's
subsidiaries(1)
Eni
Group
Eni SpA
(parent 
company)
Eni's
subsidiaries(1)
Eni
Group
Eni SpA
(parent 
company)
Eni's
subsidiaries(1)
Eni
Group
Audit
 10,220 
 5,490 
 15,710 
 96 
 12,429 
 12,525 
 10,316 
 17,920 
 28,235 
Audit related services
 1,532 
 149 
 1,681 
 - 
 182 
 182 
 1,532 
 330 
 1,863 
Tax related services
 - 
 - 
 - 
 - 
 - 
 - 
 - 
 - 
 - 
Other services
 843 
 311 
 1,153 
 66 
 520 
 586 
 908(2)
 831(3) 
 1,739 
Total
 12,595 
 5,950 
 18,544 
 162 
 13,131 
 13,293 
 12,756 
 19,081 
 31,837 
(1) These are subsidiaries, as referred to in the Transparency Directive, mainly relating to consolidated subsidiaries according to the provisions of international accounting standards and to the applicable civil regulations.
(2) Other services provided by PWC to the parent company mainly relate to services for the issue of comfort letter in case of bond issues, services related to the report prepared by Eni SpA on payments to governments and checks
on cost recharges/rate.
(3) Other services provided by PWC and member firms of its network mainly relate to (i) the issue of comfort letters, (ii) agreed verification procedures, and (iii) tariff certifications.
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Independent auditor’s limited assurance 
report on the sustainability statement
 
Independent auditor’s limited assurance report 
on the sustainability statement 
in accordance with article 14-bis of Legislative Decree No. 39 of January 
27, 2010 
 
Eni SpA 
 
 
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\ 
Independent auditor’s limited assurance report on the 
sustainability statement 
in accordance with article 14-bis of Legislative Decree No. 39 of January 27, 2010 
 
 
To the shareholders of  
Eni SpA 
 
 
 
Conclusion  
 
In accordance with articles 8 and 18, paragraph 1 of Legislative Decree No. 125 of September 6, 2024 
(hereinafter also the “Decree”), we have undertaken a limited assurance engagement on the 
sustainability statement of the Eni Group (hereinafter also the “Group”) for the year ended December 
31, 2024 prepared in accordance with article 4 of the Decree, presented in the specific section of the 
management report. 
 
Based on the procedures performed, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that: 
 
● 
the sustainability statement of the Eni Group for the year ended December 31, 2024 is not 
prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the reporting criteria adopted by the 
European Commission pursuant to Directive (EU) 2013/34/EU (European Sustainability 
Reporting Standards, hereinafter also the “ESRS”); 
● 
the information set out in paragraph “EU Taxonomy” of the sustainability statement is not 
prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with article 8 of Regulation (EU) No. 852 of 
June 18, 2020 (hereinafter also the “Taxonomy Regulation”). 
 
 
Basis for conclusion  
 
We conducted our limited assurance engagement in accordance with the Standard on Sustainability 
Assurance Engagements - SSAE (Italia). The procedures performed in a limited assurance engagement 
vary in nature and timing from, and are less in extent than for, a reasonable assurance engagement. 
Consequently, the level of assurance obtained in a limited assurance engagement is substantially lower 
than the assurance that would have been obtained had a reasonable assurance engagement been 
performed. Our responsibilities under this Standard are further described in the “Auditor’s 
Responsibilities for the Limited Assurance Conclusion on the Sustainability Statement” section of this 
report. 
 
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2 of 5 
 
We are independent in accordance with the principles of ethics and independence applicable to 
assurance engagements on sustainability reporting under Italian law. 
 
Our firm applies International Standard on Quality Management ISQM Italia 1, which requires the 
firm to design, implement and operate a system of quality management including policies or 
procedures regarding compliance with ethical requirements, professional standards and applicable 
legal and regulatory requirements. 
 
We believe that the evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our 
conclusion. 
 
 
Other matters – Comparative information 
 
The comparative information reported in the sustainability statement related to the year ended 
December 31, 2023 has not been subjected to any review. 
 
 
Responsibilities of the directors and the board of statutory auditors of Eni SpA for the 
sustainability statement 
 
 
The directors of Eni SpA are responsible for developing and implementing the procedures adopted to 
identify the information included in the sustainability statement in accordance with the provisions of 
the ESRS (hereinafter the “materiality assessment process”) and for describing those procedures in the 
note “Process and results of the double materiality assessment” of the sustainability statement. 
 
The directors are also responsible for preparing the sustainability statement, which contains the 
information identified through the materiality assessment process, in accordance with the provisions 
of article 4 of the Decree, including: 
 
● 
its compliance with the ESRS; 
● 
its compliance with article 8 of the Taxonomy Regulation of the information set out in 
paragraph “EU Taxonomy”.  
 
That responsibility involves designing, implementing and maintaining, in the terms prescribed by law, 
such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable the preparation of a sustainability 
statement in accordance with article 4 of the Decree that is free from material misstatement, whether 
due to fraud or error. That responsibility also involves selecting and applying appropriate methods for 
processing the information, as well as developing hypotheses and estimates about specific items of 
sustainability information that are reasonable in the circumstances. 
 
 
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3 of 5 
 
The board of statutory auditors is responsible for overseeing, in the terms prescribed by law, 
compliance with the Decree.  
 
 
Inherent limitations in the preparation of the sustainability statement 
 
In reporting forward-looking information in accordance with the ESRS, directors are required to 
prepare this information based on assumptions described in the sustainability statement about events 
that may occur in the future and possible future actions by the Group. Because of the unpredictability 
of the occurrence of any future event, including as to whether an event can actually take place and to 
the extent and timing of its occurrence, deviations between actual values and forward-looking 
information could be significant. 
 
Information provided by the Group regarding Scope 3 emissions is subject to higher inherent 
limitations compared to Scope 1 and 2 emissions, because of the poor availability and low precision of 
the quantitative and qualitative information relating to the value chain. 
 
 
Auditor’s responsibilities for the limited assurance conclusion on the sustainability 
statement  
 
Our objectives are to plan and perform procedures to obtain limited assurance about whether the 
sustainability statement is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue 
a limited assurance report that contains our conclusion. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error 
and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to 
influence the decisions of users taken on the basis of the sustainability statement. 
 
As part of our engagement designed to achieve limited assurance in accordance with the Standard on 
Sustainability Assurance Engagements - SSAE (Italia), we exercised professional judgement and 
maintained professional scepticism throughout the engagement. 
 
Our responsibilities include: 
 
• 
Performing risk assessment procedures to identify the disclosures where a material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, is likely to arise; 
• 
Designing and performing procedures to verify the disclosures where a material misstatement 
is likely to arise. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is 
higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional 
omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control; 
• 
Directing, supervising and performing a limited assurance engagement on the sustainability 
statement and assuming full responsibility for the conclusion on the sustainability statement. 
 
 
 
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4 of 5 
 
Summary of the work performed  
 
An engagement designed to obtain limited assurance involves performing procedures to obtain 
evidence as a basis for our conclusion. 
 
The procedures performed were based on our professional judgement and included inquiries, 
primarily of personnel of Eni Group responsible for the preparation of the information presented in 
the sustainability statement, analyses of documents, recalculations and other procedures designed to 
obtain evidence considered useful. 
 
We performed the following main procedures: 
 
● 
We understood the Group’s business model and strategies, and the environment in which it 
operates with reference to sustainability issues; 
● 
We obtained an understanding and assessed the criteria to identify the reporting boundary in 
order to ascertain its compliance with the ESRS;  
● 
We understood the processes underlying the generation, collection and management of the 
qualitative and quantitative information included in the sustainability statement; 
● 
We understood the process implemented by the Group to identify and assess the material 
impacts, risks and opportunities, in accordance with the double materiality principle, related 
to sustainability issues and, based on the information thus obtained, we considered whether 
any contradictory items emerged that could point to the existence of sustainability issues not 
considered by the Group in the materiality assessment process; 
● 
We identified the disclosures where a material misstatement is likely to arise; 
● 
We defined and performed procedures, based on our professional judgement, to address the 
risks of material misstatement identified; in particular: 
(a) 
With reference to qualitative information, we held interviews and obtained related 
supporting documentation in order to ascertain whether that information was 
consistent with what was reported in the sustainability statement; 
(b) 
With reference to quantitative information, we verified the correct aggregation of data, 
the compliance with the procedure adopted by the Group and the correct application 
of the calculation methods used. Testing consisted of analytical procedures and 
acquisition of documentary evidence at parent company level and in relation to a 
sample of entities falling under the reporting boundary; 
● 
We understood the process implemented by the Group to identify the eligible economic 
activities and to determine whether they are aligned in accordance with the provisions of the 
Taxonomy Regulation, and we verified the related disclosures in the sustainability statement; 
● 
We reconciled the information reported in the sustainability statement with the information 
reported in the consolidated financial statements in accordance with the applicable financial 
reporting framework, or with the accounting information used for the preparation of the 
consolidated financial statements, or with management accounting information; 
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5 of 5 
 
● 
We verified the structure and presentation of disclosures included in the sustainability 
statement in accordance with the ESRS; 
● 
We obtained management’s representation letter. 
 
 
Rome, April 4, 2025 
 
PricewaterhouseCoopers SpA 
 
 
Signed by 
 
 
Massimo Rota  
(Partner) 
 
 
 
This report has been translated into the English language solely for the convenience of international 
readers. Accordingly, only the original text in Italian language is authoritative. 
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Independent auditor’s report 
in accordance with article 14 of Legislative Decree No. 39 of January 27, 
2010 and article 10 of Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014 
 
Eni SpA 
 
Consolidated Financial Statements  
as of December 31, 2024 
 
 
 
Independent auditor’s report 
on the consolidated financial statements 
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Independent auditor’s report 
in accordance with article 14 of Legislative Decree No. 39 of January 27, 2010 and article 10 of 
Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014 
 
 
To the shareholders of 
Eni SpA 
 
 
Report on the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
 
Opinion 
 
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Eni Group (the Group), which comprise the consolidated 
balance sheet as of December 31, 2024, the consolidated profit and loss account, the consolidated statement of 
comprehensive income, the consolidated statement of changes in equity, the consolidated statement of cash flows 
for the year then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including material accounting policy 
information. 
 
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Group 
as of December 31, 2024, and of the result of its operations and cash flows for the year then ended in accordance 
with IFRS Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and adopted by the 
European Union, as well as with the regulations issued to implement article 9 of Legislative Decree No. 38/05. 
 
Basis for Opinion 
 
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISA Italia).  
Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of 
the Consolidated Financial Statements section of this report. We are independent of Eni SpA pursuant to the 
regulations and standards on ethics and independence applicable to audits of financial statements under Italian 
law. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our 
opinion. 
 
 
Key Audit Matters 
 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of 
the consolidated financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our 
audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not 
provide a separate opinion on these matters. 
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Key Audit Matters 
Auditing procedures performed in 
response to key audit matters 
 
Evaluation of hydrocarbon reserves, 
measurement of mineral assets and of 
other financial statement line items 
related thereto, also considering the 
impacts of the energy transition and 
climate changes 
 
Note 1 “Significant accounting policies, estimates 
and judgments”, Note 12 “Property, plant and 
equipment”, Note 13 “Right-of-use assets and 
lease liabilities”, Note 15 “Reversals 
(Impairments) of tangible and intangible assets 
and right-of-use assets. Sensitivity of outcomes 
to decarbonisation scenarios” and Note 21 
“Provisions” of the consolidated financial 
statements. 
 
The financial statement line items “Property, 
plant and equipment” and “Right-of-use assets” 
include significant amounts related to mineral 
assets, more specifically referring to “E&P wells, 
plant and machinery” in an amount of Euro 
38,229 million, “E&P exploration assets and 
appraisal” amounting to Euro 1,742 million, “E&P 
tangible assets in progress” equal to Euro 11,296 
million and “Right-of-use assets” amounting to 
Euro 4,266 million.  
 
The carrying amount of mineral assets also 
comprises estimated costs for decommissioning 
and restoration costs and social projects, the 
provision of which amounted to Euro 9,049 
million at December 31, 2024. 
 
Mineral assets are depreciated according to the 
unit of production method (UOP method) based 
on the units produced during the year and the 
estimated hydrocarbon reserves that can be 
produced. At December 31, 2024, depreciation of 
mineral assets related to the E&P segment 
amounted to Euro 6,353 million. 
 
At year-end, in accordance with IAS 36 
“Impairment of assets”, the mineral assets 
recognised in the consolidated financial 
statements are subject to specific tests on their 
recoverable value (“impairment test”), if changes 
or circumstances have highlighted that (i) their 
carrying value may no longer be recoverable 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our audit procedures included testing the 
effectiveness of controls relating to the 
measurement of hydrocarbon reserves, the 
valuation of mineral assets and of additional 
financial statement items related thereto, as 
well as the consistency of the estimates and 
disclosures in relation to the financial and 
non-financial variables (for example those 
connected with climate and decarbonization 
objectives) contained in the 2025-2028 
Strategic Plan and in the Strategic long-term 
plan to 2050. 
 
The audit procedures over the estimate of the 
hydrocarbon reserves included, inter alia, the 
analysis of the movements in reserves during 
the year, an understanding of the main 
assumptions and evaluation of their 
reasonableness. 
 
The audit procedures relating to depreciation 
also included verifying the use of the UOP 
rates resulting from the valuation of the 
reserves and re-calculations of the 
depreciation charges. 
 
With reference to the estimate of 
abandonment costs, the following audit 
procedures were also carried out: 
 
(i) 
understanding of the legislative and 
regulatory framework and of the 
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Key Audit Matters 
Auditing procedures performed in 
response to key audit matters 
and/or (ii) impairments recognised in previous 
years have ceased to exist or their amount has 
changed. The recoverable amount of mineral 
assets is generally taken as being equal to their 
value in use (VIU) and determined by discounting 
the estimated future cash flows from the use of 
the assets. 
 
At December 31, 2024, impairments, net of 
reversals, of tangible and intangible assets and 
right-of-use assets related to the E&P segment, 
amounted to Euro 2,203 million. 
 
The estimate of hydrocarbon reserves is relevant  
for the determination of 
depreciation/amortisation and for the 
determination of the future cash flows from the 
oil assets as part of the impairment process. 
 
The estimate of hydrocarbon reserves depends on 
a number of factors, assumptions and variables, 
including: 
 
(i) 
the quality of available geological and 
technical engineering data, and their 
interpretation and judgement;  
(ii) projections regarding future rates of 
production and operating costs and 
development costs; 
(iii) changes in the prevailing tax rules, other 
government regulations and contractual 
conditions; 
(iv) results of drilling, testing and the actual 
production performance of the Company’s 
reservoirs after the date of the initial 
estimates which may drive substantial 
upward or downward revisions during the 
current period;  
(v) 
changes in oil and natural gas commodity 
prices which could affect expected future 
cash flows and the quantities of the 
Company’s proved reserves since the 
estimates of reserves are based on prices 
existing as of the date when these estimates 
are made. 
 
In order to determine the recoverable amount 
of mineral assets, expected future cash flows are 
estimated based on proved and probable 
reserves including, among other elements, 
underlying mineral arrangements; 
(ii) comparison between the costs and 
related timing of expenses at year-end 
with the previous year’s forecasts and, 
when significant, investigation on the 
differences identified and verification of 
the consistency of the actual 
expenditures in comparison with those 
expected and the timing such 
expenditures were incurred. 
 
The main audit procedures performed as part 
of the impairment test were as follows: 
 
(i) 
verification of the consistency of the 
method used by the Group with the 
requirements of IAS 36, and the 
appropriateness of the cash flows used 
and related consistency with the 
Group’s forecasted plans; 
(ii) meetings with management to discuss 
the main assumptions used to prepare 
the impairment models consistent with 
the Group’s 2025-2028 Strategic Plan 
and the Strategic long-term plan to 
2050; 
(iii) evaluation of the reasonableness of the 
assumptions used by management to 
estimate cash flows and check about 
whether they were in line with the 
estimated reserves and site 
abandonment and restoration costs;  
(iv) evaluation of the reasonableness of the 
estimates regarding production, prices 
and operating and development costs 
performed by management during the 
previous years, and comparison of 
previous years’ estimates with actual 
values (“retrospective review”), with the 
aim of assessing management’s capacity 
to develop estimates;  
(v) 
verification of the sensitivity analyses 
performed by the Group that include (i) 
a linear cut of -10% to hydrocarbon 
prices in all the years of the cash flow 
projections; (ii) a one-percentage point 
increase in the risk-adjusted WACCs 
applied in each country of operations; 
(iii) the projections of hydrocarbon 
prices and CO2 costs of the 
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Key Audit Matters 
Auditing procedures performed in 
response to key audit matters 
production taxes and the costs to be incurred 
for the reserves yet to be developed. The 
estimate of the future rates of production is 
based on assumptions related to future 
commodity prices, operating costs, lifting and 
development costs, field decline rates and other 
factors. 
 
Considering the subjectivity of the assumptions 
underlying the estimate of the VIU, management 
has stress-tested its base case by applying the 
following sensitivity analyses to the assumptions 
underlying the oil&gas cash-generating units 
VIUs of the base case: (i) a linear cut of -10% to 
hydrocarbon prices in all the years of the cash 
flow projections; (ii) a one-percentage point 
increase in the risk-adjusted weighted average 
costs of capital (WACCs) applied in each country 
of operations; (iii) the projections of hydrocarbon 
prices and CO2 costs of the decarbonization 
scenario Net Zero Emission 2050 (NZE 2050) 
elaborated by IEA with forecast prices from 2030 
onwards, which have been integrated by the 
pricing assumptions of management’s four-year 
2025-2028 industrial plan and linear 
interpolation of prices till 2030.  
 
We paid special attention to the risk of incorrect 
quantification of the estimates carried out by 
management in relation to the measurement of 
hydrocarbon reserves and the valuation of 
mineral assets and the other financial statement 
line items related thereto considering (i) the high 
degree of uncertainty of the estimates and 
measurements, (ii) the complexity of the 
valuation models used and (iii) the materiality of 
the related financial statement line items. 
 
decarbonization scenario Net Zero 
Emission 2050 (NZE 2050) elaborated 
by IEA with forecast prices from 2030 
onwards, which have been integrated by 
the pricing assumptions of 
management’s four-year 2025-2028 
industrial plan and linear interpolation 
of prices till 2030. 
 
Our experts in mineral resources valuation, 
assisted by our system and process assurance 
experts, supported us with (i) testing the 
effectiveness of controls relating to the 
adequacy of the estimates, assumptions and 
methods used by the Group’s internal experts 
to estimate hydrocarbon reserves; (ii) 
evaluating the process of identification, 
measurement and reporting of financial and 
non-financial data used by the Group’s 
internal experts in developing the estimation 
models; (iii) testing the completeness and 
accuracy of the historical production used by 
the Group’s internal experts for estimating 
future production volumes; (iv) a check of the 
consistency between the geological and 
technical engineering data measured and 
reported by third parties and used by the 
Group’s internal experts for the estimate of 
hydrocarbon reserves; and (v) testing the 
completeness and accuracy of the data 
provided to the Group’s external experts 
compared to the data used by the Group’s 
internal experts for the estimate of 
hydrocarbon reserves. 
 
We assessed the technical skill and 
knowledge of the internal and external 
experts and the objectivity of the external 
experts involved in the valuation process 
around the hydrocarbon reserves. 
 
Our valuation experts supported us in the 
verification of the consistency of the 
assumptions contained in the 2025–2028 
Strategic Plan and the Strategic long-term 
plan to 2050 with the macroeconomic 
perspectives of the E&P segment and, in 
particular, in (i) evaluating the 
appropriateness of the valuation models used 
(ii) the reasonableness of a sample of 
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Key Audit Matters 
Auditing procedures performed in 
response to key audit matters 
medium/long-term future commodity prices, 
including testing the consistency of such 
prices with the most recent market 
consensus; (iii) the reasonableness of 
inflation rates, including testing the 
consistency of such rates with the market 
prices and those expressed by sector analysts; 
and (iv) the reasonableness of the discount 
rates adopted. 
 
We also verified the consistency between the 
decarbonisation strategic objectives set by 
management and the main assumptions 
underlying the 2025-2028 Strategic Plan and 
the Strategic long-term plan to 2050. 
 
Finally, we evaluated the disclosures provided 
in the notes to the financial statements on all 
of the above-reported matters relating to 
mineral assets and the other financial 
statement line items related thereto, as well 
as their consistency, where applicable, with 
the information contained in the 
sustainability statement and with the other 
information provided by management to the 
market, on the achievement of carbon 
neutrality and the related climate risks, 
including energy transition. 
 
 
Responsibilities of the Directors and the Board of Statutory Auditors for the Consolidated 
Financial Statements 
 
The directors are responsible for the preparation of consolidated financial statements that give a true and fair view 
in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and 
adopted by the European Union, as well as with the regulations issued to implement article 9 of Legislative Decree 
No. 38/05 and, in the terms prescribed by law, for such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable 
the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud 
or error. 
 
The directors are responsible for assessing the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern and, in preparing the 
consolidated financial statements, for the appropriate application of the going concern basis of accounting, and for 
disclosing matters related to going concern. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the directors use 
the going concern basis of accounting unless they either intend to liquidate Eni SpA or to cease operations or have 
no realistic alternative but to do so. 
 
The board of statutory auditors is responsible for overseeing, in the terms prescribed by law, the  
Group’s financial reporting process. 
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Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes 
our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in 
accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISA Italia) will always detect a material misstatement when 
it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the 
aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the 
consolidated financial statements. 
 
As part of our audit conducted in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISA Italia), we exercised 
professional judgement and maintained professional scepticism throughout the audit. Furthermore: 
 
● 
We identified and assessed the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, 
whether due to fraud or error; we designed and performed audit procedures responsive to those risks; we 
obtained audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not 
detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud 
may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal 
control; 
 
● 
We obtained an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures 
that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the 
effectiveness of the Group’s internal control;  
 
● 
We evaluated the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting 
estimates and related disclosures made by the directors; 
 
● 
We concluded on the appropriateness of the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting and, 
based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions 
that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a 
material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related 
disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our 
opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. 
However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern; 
 
● 
We evaluated the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, 
including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying 
transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation; 
 
● 
We obtained sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or 
business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are 
responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely 
responsible for our audit opinion on the consolidated financial statements. 
 
 
 
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We communicated with those charged with governance, identified at an appropriate level as required by ISA Italia 
regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including 
any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identified during our audit. 
 
We also provided those charged with governance with a statement that we complied with the regulations and 
standards on ethics and independence applicable under Italian law and communicated with them all relationships 
and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, actions 
taken to eliminate the related risks, or safeguards applied. 
 
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determined those matters that were of 
most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and are therefore the 
key audit matters. We described these matters in our auditor’s report. 
 
 
Additional Disclosures required by Article 10 of Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014 
 
On May 10, 2018, the shareholders of Eni SpA in general meeting engaged us to perform the statutory audit of the 
Company’s and the consolidated financial statements for the years ending December 31, 2019, to December 31, 
2027. 
 
We declare that we did not provide any prohibited non-audit services referred to in article 5, paragraph 1, of 
Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014 and that we remained independent of the Company in conducting the statutory 
audit. 
 
We confirm that the opinion on the consolidated financial statements expressed in this report is consistent with the 
additional report to the board of statutory auditors, in its capacity as audit committee, prepared pursuant to article 
11 of the aforementioned Regulation. 
 
 
 
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Report on Compliance with other Laws and Regulations 
 
 
Opinion on compliance with the provisions of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/815 
 
The directors of Eni SpA are responsible for the application of the provisions of Commission Delegated Regulation 
(EU) 2019/815 concerning regulatory technical standards on the specification of a single electronic reporting 
format (ESEF - European Single Electronic Format) (hereinafter, the “Commission Delegated Regulation”) to the 
consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024, to be included in the annual report. 
 
We have performed the procedures specified in auditing standard (SA Italia) No. 700B in order to express an 
opinion on the compliance of the consolidated financial statements with the provisions of the Commission 
Delegated Regulation. 
 
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024, have been prepared in XHTML 
format and have been marked up, in all significant respects, in compliance with the provisions of the Commission 
Delegated Regulation. 
 
Due to certain technical limitations, some information included in the notes to the consolidated financial 
statements when extracted from the XHTML format to an XBRL instance may not be reproduced in an identical 
manner with respect to the corresponding information presented in the consolidated financial statements in 
XHTML format. 
 
 
Opinions and statement in accordance with article 14, paragraph 2, letters e), e-bis) and e-ter) of 
Legislative Decree No. 39/10 and with article 123-bis, paragraph 4, of Legislative Decree No. 
58/98 
 
The directors of Eni SpA are responsible for preparing a management report and on the corporate governance and 
shareholdings structure report of Eni group as of December 31, 2024, including their consistency with the relevant 
consolidated financial statements and their compliance with the law. 
We have performed the procedures required under auditing standard (SA Italia) No. 720B in order to: 
 
● 
express an opinion on the consistency of the management report and of the specific information included in 
the report on corporate governance and ownership structure referred to in article 123-bis, paragraph 4, of 
Legislative Decree No. 58/98, with the consolidated financial statements; 
 
● 
 express an opinion on the compliance with the law of the management report, excluding the section on 
sustainability statement, and of the specific information included in the report on corporate governance 
and ownership structure referred to in article 123-bis, paragraph 4, of Legislative Decree No. 58/98; 
 
● 
issue a statement on material misstatements, if any, in the management report and in the specific 
information included in the report on corporate governance and ownership structure referred to in article 
123-bis, paragraph 4, of Legislative Decree No. 58/98. 
 
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In our opinion, the management report and the specific information included in the report on corporate governance 
and ownership structure referred to in article 123-bis, paragraph 4, of Legislative Decree No. 58/98 are consistent 
with the consolidated financial statements of Eni group as of December 31, 2024. 
 
Moreover, in our opinion, the management report, excluding the section on the sustainability statement, and the 
specific information included in the report on corporate governance and ownership structure referred to in article 
123-bis, paragraph 4, of Legislative Decree No. 58/98 are prepared in compliance with the law. 
 
With reference to the statement referred to in article 14, paragraph 2, letter e-ter), of Legislative Decree No. 39/10, 
issued on the basis of our knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the 
course of the audit, we have nothing to report. 
 
Our opinion on compliance with the law does not extend to the section of the management report on operations 
relating to the sustainability statement reporting. The conclusions on the compliance of that section with the rules 
governing its preparation and on compliance with the disclosure requirements established by article 8 of 
Regulation (EU) 2020/852 are expressed by ourselves in the report prepared in accordance with article 14-bis of 
Legislative Decree No. 39/10. 
 
 
Rome, April 4, 2025 
 
 
PricewaterhouseCoopers SpA 
 
Signed by 
 
 
 
 
 
Massimo Rota 
(Partner) 
 
 
 
 
As disclosed by the Directors, the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Eni SpA constitute a non-
official version which is not compliant with the provisions of the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2019/815.  This independent auditor’s report has been translated into the English language solely for the 
convenience of international readers. Accordingly, only the original text in Italian language is authoritative. 
 
 
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Eni SpA
Headquarters
Piazzale Enrico Mattei, 1 - Rome - Italy 
Capital Stock as of December 31, 2024: € 4,005,358,876.00 fully paid
Tax identification number 00484960588
Branches 
Via Emilia, 1 - San Donato Milanese (Milan) - Italy
Piazza Ezio Vanoni, 1 - San Donato Milanese (Milan) - Italy
Contacts
eni.com
+39-0659821
800940924
segreteriasocietaria.azionisti@eni.com
Investor Relations
Piazza Ezio Vanoni, 1 - 20097 San Donato Milanese (Milan)
Tel. +39-0252051651 - Fax +39-0252031929
e-mail: investor.relations@eni.com
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