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Era Group Inc

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FY2019 Annual Report · Era Group Inc
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ANNUAL 
REPORT 
2019

Aidan’s family, Jess, 
Mahla & Elsy
Jabiru residents  
for 2 years

Daniel’s family, 
Sharon & Ezra
Jabiru residents  
for 8 years

In recognition of the contribution 
ERA families make to Jabiru we 
have featured our people and 
their families, including multiple 
generations, who make Jabiru 
the wonderful community that it 
is today. 

Our people and their partners 
contribute to Jabiru in a 
multitude of ways through their 
volunteering, local businesses 
and social contributions.

Lesley’s family, 
Roger, Ryan, 
Chantelle, Josh, 
Ava, Ellie &
Sonny
Jabiru residents  
for 14 years

Andrew’s family,
Dimity, Clementine 
& Rupert
Jabiru residents  
for 1.5 years

Steve’s family, Joy, 
Jakob & Krystal
Jabiru residents  
for 5 years

Sioux & Peter
Jabiru residents  
for 6 years

Contents

1
2019 AnnUAL RePoRt

27
FInAnCIAL RePoRt

CHAIRMAN’S REPORT 

CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S REPORT 

COMPANY OVERVIEW 

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 

OPERATIONS AND REHABILITATION 

BUSINESS STRATEGY 

CURRENT OPERATIONS AND RESOURCES 

BUSINESS RISKS 

FUTURE SUPPLY 

SALES AND MARKETING 

HEALTH AND SAFETY 

REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 

4

5

6

7

9

12

13

14

20

23

24

26

DIRECTOR’S REPORT 

28

AUDITOR’S INDEPENDENCE DECLARATION 

51

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT 

52

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

58

BALANCE SHEET 

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

CASH FLOW STATEMENT 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

DIRECTOR’S DECLARATION 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION 

2019 ASX ANNOUNCEMENTS 

TEN YEAR PERFORMANCE 

INDEX 

59

60

61

62

94

95

101

103

104

105

1

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD SALES REVENUE ($M)

DRUMMED PRODUCTION TONNES (T)

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

332.8

267.8

211.2

201.2

209.6

NET PROFIT AFTER TAX ($M)

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

-275.5

-271.1

-43.5

-435.3

6.3

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2,005

2,351

2,294

1,999

1,751

INDIGENOUS EMPLOYEES (FTEs)

49

46

43

44

41

OPERATING CASHFLOW ($M)

ALL INJURY FREQUENCY RATE
(PER 200,000 HRS WORKED)

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

-99.5

-76.3

34.0

7.8

84.6

2015

0.67

2016 0.19

2017

2018

2019

0.56

1.17

1.07

2

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD JABILUKA

MINERAL

LEASE

(73 sq km)

RAnGeR MIne

Locked Bag 1 
Jabiru NT 0886u

ReGI steReD oFFIC e

Energy Resources of  Australia Ltd 
c/ Mallesons Stephen Jacques 
Level 5 NICTA Building B 
7 London Circuit 
Canberra City ACT 2601

HeAD oFFIC e

Level 3, Energy House 
18-20 Cavenagh Street

GPO Box 2394 
Darwin NT 0801

Telephone: 
+61 (0) 8 8924 3500

Fax: 
+61 (0) 8 8924 3555

https://www.energyres.com.au

ABN 71 008 550 865

3

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD CHAIRMAn's RePoRt

This year will mark the 
final year of  current 
operations at Ranger,  
with processing due to 
end by 8 January 2021, 
as required by the  
Ranger Authority.  
ERA can celebrate,  
with considerable pride, 
almost 40 years of  safe 

and reliable supply of  uranium oxide to customers around 
the world for nuclear power generation. This is a very 
significant contribution to clean energy, of  which all who 
have worked with the Company can be justifiably proud.

It is well overdue for the international energy debate to 
include the role that nuclear energy should play in the 
inevitable move to the cleaner generation of  energy. 

The main focus over the next five years will clearly be  
on rehabilitating the Ranger Project Area in accordance 
with our regulatory obligations. Rehabilitation is not 
something new at ERA. We have been progressively 
rehabilitating the Ranger Project Area since mining in  
Pit 1 was completed in1996. Throughout this time we 
have worked closely with regulators and key stakeholders 
on closure planning and approvals, as well as developing 
a deep understanding and experience in best-in-class 
rehabilitation practices. 

The Ranger Closure Feasibility Study, completed in 
February 2019, and the subsequent update to the Ranger 
Mine Closure Plan provide the community with further 
confidence in ERA’s capability to rehabilitate the Ranger 
Project Area on schedule and in accordance with agreed 
closure criteria. 

The Company’s ongoing rehabilitation achievements 
and the planned closure outcomes at Ranger are at the 
forefront of  industry practice as is appropriate for the 
region in which we operate. This reflects our commitment 
to care for country and to create a positive reputational 
legacy, which is vital to our social license to operate. 

The continued strong operating performance of  our 
business in 2019, with production of  uranium oxide toward 
the higher end of  projections for the year, is a credit to our 
people and a commendable performance in the context  
of  diminishing stockpile grades and an aging plant. 

While the longer term outlook for the uranium oxide spot 
market is positive, the market remained depressed in 
2019 and is likely to continue so for some time yet.  

4

This has placed pressure on ERA to optimise productivity 
across the business. The efforts of  the ERA workforce 
to create value through the “Safely Transforming ERA 
Together” business transformation program has been an 
extraordinary achievement and exceeded expectations.

In a challenging business context and with the end of  
Ranger operations drawing closer, it would be easy 
for the operations workforce to lose enthusiasm and to 
become distracted. Instead we have seen an engaged, 
creative and hard-working team that has contributed 
enthusiastically. This has been demonstrated not only 
in the business performance, but also in the positive 
employee scores in the last two half-yearly staff  surveys. 
I am also pleased to note the high level of  participation in 
the Company’s “My Future Plan” program which supports 
employees to plan their career beyond cessation of  
Ranger operations.

While our safety performance slipped in the early part 
of  2019, it is to the credit of  the workforce that, with 
concerted effort, this was turned around in the second 
half  of  the year. Safety remains our highest priority at ERA.

In November 2019 the Company launched an Entitlement 
Offer to ensure the Company is able to fully fund the 
rehabilitation of  Ranger, including the annual lodgement 
of  a closure security as required by the Commonwealth 
Government. After careful consideration over a number 
of  months, it was concluded that this was the only viable 
funding solution following the increase in the provision for 
Ranger rehabilitation as a result of  the outcomes of  the 
Ranger Closure Feasibility Study. 

We were pleased to successfully close the Entitlement 
Offer in February earlier this year. I thank all of  our 
investors, the Mirarr Traditional Owners and other key 
stakeholders for their support and understanding as  
we worked to deliver this funding solution.  

I would also like to thank members of  the Board, the 
senior management team and workforce at ERA and  
all have supported ERA during what has been, at times,  
a trying year.

PeteR MA nseLL

CHAIRMAn

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD CHIeF exeCUtIve's RePoRt

On behalf  of  the 
dedicated team at ERA, 
I am pleased to report 
on the Company’s 
achievements in 2019.

As always, our first priority 
is caring for people. 
The Company All Injury 
Frequency Rate (AIFR) 
for 2019 was 1.07, with 

six of our team members injured during the year. This was 
disappointing given our goal of zero injuries. Many of the 
injuries occurred in the first half of 2019. With a concerted 
improvement focus and continued removing of risks 
through critical control processes, it was pleasing to note a 
significant reduction in injuries in the second half. 

While 2019 was not without its challenges, it also saw 
a range of  successes. ERA produced 1,751 tonnes of  
uranium oxide which was toward the upper end of  our 
guidance of  1,400 to 1,800 tonnes. This excellent result 
was achieved through outstanding equipment utilisation 
and record throughput rates despite the difficulties that 
come with operating a 40-year old plant. This is testament 
to the hard work and determination of  the ERA workforce.

In the context of  a depressed uranium oxide market, 
it has been necessary to achieve efficiencies across 
the business. During 2019 the business-wide “Safely 
Transforming ERA Together” program identified 
smarter ways of  working and realised crucial cash 
generation opportunities in many parts of  the Company. 
Overwhelmingly these initiatives have been generated, 
nurtured and implemented by the people at ERA. It is a 
wonderful example of  what can be achieved by unleashing 
the creativity, commitment and collaboration of  our people.

This year we emphasised our commitment to caring for 
the environment by introducing a dedicated priority of  
“Environment: We care for country and deliver best in class 
rehabilitation.” This recognises the continued protection of  
the surrounding environment and the progressive delivery 
on our rehabilitation obligations. 

We safely launched our second dredge and, for the 
second consecutive year, saw record-breaking productivity 
from the Brine Concentrator. These are impressive 
outcomes under pressing timelines and with complex 
technical challenges. 

In 2019 we publicly released an updated Ranger Mine 
Closure Plan which, together with the outcomes of  the 
Ranger Closure Feasibility Study, gives stakeholders  
and the broader community greater confidence in ERA’s 
ability to achieve the Ranger Mine closure objectives  
on schedule. 

One of  the highlights for me this year has been the 
opportunity to meet with senior Mirarr Traditional Owners 
on country to gain a deeper understanding of  their cultural 
connection. We also had the opportunity to work with 
Mirarr to support their vision for the future of  Jabiru. I was 
very pleased to co-sign a Memorandum of  Understanding 
about the future of  the town with the Gundjeihmi Aboriginal 
Corporation and the Commonwealth and the Northern 
Territory Governments. 

When reflecting on 2020, our last full year of production  
at Ranger under the current authority, my driving thought  
is this: the way we finish is the way we will be remembered. 
I want our final year of Ranger production to be, above all, 
a year of zero harm. A year where everything we do serves 
to keep ourselves, our colleagues, our communities and our 
environment safe. In what will be an exciting but also  
a year of significant change, it is essential that we never  
lose sight of this most important value and business priority. 

An important aspect of  the Company’s commitment to 
employee well-being is to help manage uncertainty as 
we approach the end of  Ranger operations. More than 
250 ERA employees have participated in the Company’s 
“My Future Plan” program. This program provides training 
and support for their future beyond Ranger operations, 
including the potential to redeploy within the wider  
Rio Tinto group.

Paul Arnold sitting with Yvonne Margarula and Nida Mangarrba  
in the first Relationship Committee Meeting on Mirarr Country at  
Djarr Djarr – Image courtesy of Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation.

During 2019 we asked much of  our people and they 
continually rose to the task to support ERA in meeting its 
objectives. The commitment and achievements of  the team 
give me great confidence in looking to the future. I thank 
everyone at ERA for their contribution over the past year 
and look forward to working with the team and all of  our 
stakeholders in the coming year.

PAUL ARnoLD

CHIeF exeCUtIve A nD MAnAGInG DIReC toR

5

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD CoMPAny oveRvIew

Energy Resources of  Australia Ltd (ERA) acknowledges 
the Mirarr people, Traditional Owners of  the land on 
which ERA operates.

ERA operates the Ranger uranium mine, Australia’s 
longest continually operating uranium mine.

ERA has provided international customers with reliable 
supply of  uranium oxide (U3O8
production at Ranger began. During that time, Ranger 
has produced in excess of  130,000 tonnes of  uranium.

) in the 38 years since 

The Ranger mine’s operational infrastructure lies within 
the 79 square kilometre Ranger Project Area, which  
is located eight kilometres east of  Jabiru and  
260 kilometres east of  Darwin, in the Northern Territory  
of  Australia. ERA’s operations on the Ranger Project  
Area are undertaken pursuant to an authorisation granted 
under section 41 of  the Atomic Energy Act 1953 (Cth) 
(the Ranger Authority).

ERA is currently processing stockpiled ore following the 
completion of  open cut mining in 2012.

The Ranger 3 Deeps ore body contains a Mineral 
Resource of  43,858 tonnes of  contained uranium 
oxide, comprised of  19.58 million tonnes at an overall 
grade of  0.244% U3O8. In 2015, ERA decided not to 
progress the Ranger 3 Deeps project to feasibility study. 
The exploration decline and associated infrastructure 
is currently under a reduced care and maintenance 
program. In order to fully develop the Ranger 3 Deeps 
resource, ERA would require an extension to the Ranger 
Authority which expires in January 2021. ERA is of  the 
view that the prospect of  any development is remote 
considering the economic, legislative and operational 
challenges that exist.

ERA also holds title to the world-class Jabiluka Mineral 
Lease. In accordance with the Jabiluka Long Term Care 
and Maintenance Agreement, the Jabiluka deposit will 
not be developed by ERA without the approval of  the 
Mirarr Traditional Owners.

The Ranger Project Area and the Jabiluka Mineral Lease 
are located on Aboriginal land and are surrounded by, 
but separate from, the World Heritage-listed Kakadu 
National Park.

In addition to the Ranger Authority, ERA’s uranium mining 
activities are regulated through Commonwealth and 
Northern Territory legislation. ERA has also entered into 
a suite of  agreements which govern its operations on 
the Ranger Project Area with the Gundjeihmi Aboriginal 
Corporation, on behalf  of  the Mirarr Traditional Owners, 
the Northern Land Council and the Commonwealth 
Government.

ERA has a sales and marketing agreement with Rio Tinto 
Uranium pursuant to which ERA’s product is sold to 
international power utilities under strict international and 
Australian Government safeguards which ensure that 
Australian uranium is only used for peaceful purposes.

ERA is committed to strong environmental management 
practices. The previously exhausted open cut mines at 
Ranger are being progressively rehabilitated in line with 
regulatory requirements.

The Company’s shares are publicly held and traded  
on the Australian Securities Exchange, with Rio Tinto,  
a diversified resources group, currently holding  
86.3 per cent of  ERA shares.

6

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD FInAnCIAL PeRFoRMAnCe

In 2019, ERA incurred negative cash flow from operating 
activities of  $100 million compared to negative $76 million 
in 2018. This was largely due to an increased rehabilitation 
spend on the Ranger Project Area of  $92 million and an 
ongoing build-up of  inventory for sale into future periods.

Despite negative cash flow, ERA continued to generate  
a positive margin1 from the sale of  uranium oxide.

ERA held total cash resources of  $285 million at  
31 December 2019, comprised of  $209 million in  
cash at bank and $76 million of  cash held by the 
Commonwealth Government as part of  the Ranger 
Rehabilitation Trust Fund. The Company has no debt.  
On 15 November 2019, ERA announced a fully 
underwritten pro rata renounceable entitlement offer to 
raise approximately $476 million (Entitlement Offer) 
in order to meet ERA’s rehabilitation obligations for 
the Ranger Project Area. The Entitlement Offer closed 
on 18 February 2020, with the issue of  new shares to 
participating shareholders on 25 February 2020 – further 
details below.

ERA recorded a net profit after tax of  $6 million compared 
to a net loss after tax of  $435 million in 2018. The 2018 
earnings were adversely impacted by a change in the 
rehabilitation estimate and impairment charge of   
$433 million after tax. The 2019 results were supported 
by the settlement of  a dispute regarding the design, 
manufacture and supply of  certain infrastructure and  
the successful execution of  the ongoing “Transforming 
ERA Safely Together” program.

The Ranger Project Area continued to be progressively 
rehabilitated during 2019, with expenditure of  $92 million. 
Expenditure was primarily associated with the dredge 
operating to transfer tailings from the Tailings Storage 
Facility to Pit 3, construction and commissioning of  water 
treatment capacity, the backfill of  waste material to Pit 1 
and various studies. Additional dredging capacity was 
launched in the second quarter, with full commissioning 
completed during the third quarter.

At 31 December 2019, the ERA rehabilitation provision is 
$770 million.2 The strategy and estimate remain consistent 
with 31 December 2018.

RevenUe

Revenue from the sale of  uranium oxide was $210 million 
(2018: $201 million). Revenue was favourably impacted 
by higher sales volumes and a favourable movement in 
the Australian/US dollar exchange rate. This was partially 
offset by a lower average realised sales price.

Sales volume for 2019 was 1,597 tonnes compared with 
1,467 tonnes for 2018. The average realised sales price 
on contracted sales in 2019 was US$48.53 per pound 
compared to US$47.67 per pound in 2018. The average 
realised price on all sales (including uncontracted 
material sold into the spot market) in 2019 was US$41.89. 
The average realised price compares favourably against 
the average spot price for 2019 of  US$25.90 per pound. 

With uranium oxide sales denominated in US dollars,  
the weakening of  the Australian dollar had a positive 
impact on ERA’s financial results. With sales weighted 
towards the first half, the average exchange rate was  
70 US cents, compared with 77 US cents for 2018. 

As a result of  timings within the contract portfolio, sales 
volumes in 2019 were weighted towards the first half  of  
the year. ERA had substantially fulfilled its contracted 
sales for the year by 30 June 2019. In the second half  of  
the year, ERA made a number of  opportunistic sales into 
the spot market while also building inventory of  uranium 
oxide for sales in future periods. As at 31 December 
2019, ERA had sufficient drummed inventory to meet 
supply commitments under its existing long term contract 
portfolio. Therefore 2020 production and future sales 
volumes will have a greater exposure to the spot market 
than in 2019.

oPeRAtInG C osts

Costs for 2019 were lower than the corresponding period 
in 2018. This result has benefited from the successful 
execution of  a business transformation program. The 
program was implemented to improve cashflow while 
maintaining the Company’s core values of  health, safety 
and the environment. The Company is well advanced 
in its execution of  the program, with ERA having 
implemented a number of  cost reduction and productivity 
improvement initiatives across the Company’s operations. 
To date, the transformation program has resulted in cost 
savings, lower input costs and increased productivity. 
Further savings are expected to be realised in 2020 as 
the identified initiatives are progressed.

1.  When comparing the marginal production cost to the uranium spot price 
2.  31 December 2019 provision discounted at 2 per cent and presented  

in real terms (undiscounted in real terms of $818 million and $874 million  
undiscounted in nominal terms)

7

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD FInAnCIAL PeRFoRMAnCe

These savings in 2019 were however, largely offset by  
the recognition of  an additional provision for payment  
of  employee benefits on termination.

Minor depreciation has been recorded in 2019 due  
to the implementation of  Australian Accounting  
Standard 16 “Leases”. No other depreciation was 
recorded due to the Ranger Cash Generating Unit 
remaining fully impaired.

On 11 December 2019, the Takeovers Panel (Panel) 
made a Declaration of  Unacceptable Circumstances in 
relation to an application dated 18 November 2019 by 
Zentree Investments Limited in relation to the affairs of  
ERA. Copies of  the Panel’s Declaration and Orders are 
reproduced on the Panel’s website at:

http://www.takeovers.gov.au/content/Media_
Releases/2019/downloads/MR19-078.pdf

On 13 December 2019, Rio Tinto lodged an application 
for a review of  the Initial Panel’s decision. On 20 January 
2020, the review Panel (Review Panel) affirmed the 
decision of  the Initial Panel to make a declaration of  
unacceptable circumstances and varied the Initial Panel’s 
orders. Copies of  the Review Panel’s declaration and the 
variations ordered by the Review Panel are reproduced 
on the Panel’s website at: 

https://www.takeovers.gov.au/content/Media_
Releases/2020/downloads/MR20-005.pdf

New shares under the Entitlement Offer were issued on 
25 February 2020. Following the issue of  new shares to 
Rio Tinto under the Entitlement Offer and Underwriting 
Agreement, Rio Tinto’s relevant interests increased from 
68.4 per cent to 86.3 per cent. 

CAPItAL exPenDI tURe

Capital expenditure for the year was $4 million, consistent 
with 2018. All expenditure in 2019 related to sustaining 
capital activities. In 2019, capital expenditure was 
immediately written off to the Statement of Comprehensive 
Income and recorded in other expenses. This is a result of  
the Ranger Cash Generating Unit remaining fully impaired.

entItLeMent oFFeR

On 15 November 2019, ERA announced the  
Entitlement Offer of  6.13 new fully paid ERA ordinary 
shares (New Shares) for each existing ERA ordinary 
share to raise approximately $476 million to fund its 
rehabilitation obligations for the Ranger Project Area.  
The terms and conditions of  the Entitlement Offer  
were set out in an information booklet dated  
15 November 2019 (Offer Information Booklet). 

The Entitlement Offer was fully underwritten by North 
Limited (the Underwriter or North), a wholly-owned 
subsidiary of  Rio Tinto, pursuant to an Underwriting 
Agreement dated 15 November 2019. A summary  
of  the Underwriting Agreement was included in the  
Offer Information Booklet.

8

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD oPeRAtIons AnD ReHABILItAtIon

In 2019, ERA produced 1,751 tonnes of  uranium oxide, 
which was towards the higher end of  ERA’s market 
guidance of  1,400 to 1,800 tonnes. This was 12 per cent 
lower than the 1,999 tonnes of  uranium oxide produced 
in 2018. Production was lower in the period due to the 
impact of  declining ore grades from existing stockpiles.

Processing continued from primary ore stockpiles, while 
additional uranium oxide continued to be produced 
through brines to leach production, an initiative of  the 
“Safely Transforming ERA Together” program. Under this 
process, uranium is recovered from recycled brine which 
was returned to the leaching circuit for further extraction.

Despite the declining head grade, the plant achieved its 
production milestones for the year, continuing to focus on 
the optimisation of  the mine plan and utilisation of  the mill. 
Business transformation initiatives drove plant throughput 
for the year to 2.5 million tonnes of  uranium ore, with 
a peak mill rate of  381 tonnes per hour. The average 
recovery rate for the year was 86.7 per cent and average 
ore head grade was 0.081 per cent uranium oxide.

In 2019, ERA elected to extend the independent oversight 
program of  process safety management at Ranger 
until it ceases operations in January 2021. The Noetic 
Group conducted two oversight visits to further review 
improvements to process safety management and the 
implementation of  the Company’s “Maintaining Process 
Safety Excellence to Closure” management plan. In 2020, 
Noetic is scheduled to conduct two further oversight 
visits, with an internal ERA team maintaining oversight  
of  process safety at Ranger.

RAnGeR MIne CL osURe PLA n

Under the Ranger Authority, ERA is required to cease 
mining and processing activities in the Ranger Project 
Area by January 2021, with final rehabilitation to 
be completed by January 2026. The Ranger Mine 
Closure Plan (the Plan) details the works program and 
schedule to achieve the closure objectives set out in 
the legal framework and the associated Environmental 
Requirements.

The inaugural public release of  the Plan in June 2018 
was a milestone for ERA and followed a rigorous  
18 month stakeholder consultation process including 
discussions with the Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation 
and the Northern Land Council, as representatives of  

the Mirarr Traditional Owners, and Northern Territory and 
Commonwealth Government agencies. ERA released an 
update to the Plan in October 2019 and will continue to 
update the Plan annually in close consultation with key 
stakeholders.

Animation of rehabilitation program available at  
https://www.energyres.com.au/sustainability/closureplan/

An animation of  the rehabilitation program is available 
on ERA’s website (https://www.energyres.com.au/
sustainability/closureplan/). It provides a visual overview 
of  the Plan, breaking down the rehabilitation process into 
readily understood concepts, and a timeline for the works 
to be carried out. Due to the support of  the Gundjeihmi 
Aboriginal Corporation, the animation also includes a 
narration in the local Kunwinjku language.

FeAsIBILI ty st UDy

On 8 February 2019, ERA confirmed the approval and 
implementation of  the closure Feasibility Study for the 
rehabilitation of  the Ranger Project Area (Feasibility 
Study). The Feasibility Study, prepared in accordance 
with the Ranger Mine Closure Plan, was supported by an 
experienced engineering services provider and examined 
the technical, costing and scheduling aspects of  Ranger 
closure having regard to the prescribed closure criteria, 
the progressive rehabilitation activities already undertaken 
and updated closure forecasts and modelling.  

The approval and implementation of  the Feasibility Study 
resulted in a rehabilitation provision as at 31 December 
2018 of  $830 million.3 Following completion of  the study, 
ERA has a consolidated, executable plan (inclusive of  
progressive rehabilitation activities and post closure 
activities) to meet the obligations of  the Ranger Authority.

3.  Discounted at 2 per cent and presented in real terms ($897 million undiscounted in real terms and $973 million undiscounted in nominal terms,  

excluding employee termination benefits not yet recognised in line with Australian Accounting Standards).

9

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD oPeRAtIons AnD ReHABILItAtIon

The findings of  the Feasibility Study further increase 
confidence to stakeholders that ERA’s planned 
rehabilitation strategy will satisfy regulatory obligations, 
including the January 2026 milestone.

PRoGRessIve ReHABILItAtIon

Disturbed land on the Ranger Project Area continued to 
undergo progressive rehabilitation throughout the year 
alongside operational and water treatment activities. 
ERA’s progressive rehabilitation and water treatment 
activities are based on extensive research, studies and 
consultation with stakeholders, with the main activities 
focussed on dredging operations and completion of  the 
second dredge, Pit 1 bulk backfill, the operation of  the 
Brine Concentrator, as well as the construction of  the 
Brine Squeezer and refurbishment of  the smaller scale 
high density sludge plant.

In line with ERA’s statutory obligations, the primary 
objective is to rehabilitate the Ranger Project Area to form 
one final landform across the site which will blend in with 
the surrounding landscape. ERA plans to establish a fully 
functioning landform and ecosystem that is similar to the 
surrounding Kakadu National Park.

The area of  disturbance around the mine footprint 
measures approximately 950 hectares where most of  
the rehabilitation work will occur.

A number of  key tasks form the basis of  the closure 
strategy, including:

• treatment of  all pond and process water inventories;

• transfer of  tailings from the Tailings Storage Facility

to the exhausted Pits 1 and 3;

• remediation of  the Tailings Storage Facility and

contaminated sites;

• removal and re-shaping of  the stockpiles and disturbed
areas of  the Ranger Project Area to establish a final
landform; and

• revegetation of  the final landform using locally sourced

native seeds.

As part of  ERA’s progressive rehabilitation strategy, many 
of  these rehabilitation activities are well underway.

The transfer of  tailings to Pit 1 was completed in late  
2008 and the pit is now entering its final stages of  
backfilling with waste rock in preparation for final 
landform construction in 2020. In addition, tailings 
continue to be dredged from the Tailings Storage Facility 
and transferred to Pit 3, while process water from the 
Tailings Storage Facility is being treated by the Brine 

Concentrator prior to release into constructed wetlands 
and then offsite.

ERA’s approach to revegetation is informed by its  
long-running trial landform research, which began in 
2009 to provide for testing of  landform design and 
revegetation strategies. The trial landform used locally 
sourced native plant species planted out as seed and 
tube stock into the type of  waste rock to be used in 
the final landform process. In 2019, ERA continued its 
partnership with Kakadu Native Plants, which collected 
seeds from native plants in Kakadu National Park and the 
Ranger Project Area for harvesting for the purposes of 
revegetation. An outline of  the relationship between ERA 
and Kakadu Native Plants, and accompanying video, are 
available on ERA’s website (https://www.energyres.com. 
au/media/stories/a-journey-with-kakadu-native-plants-to-
mine-rehabilitation/).

A key feature of  ERA’s closure strategy is the management 
of  tailings and brine which incorporates the rehabilitation 
of  Pits 1 and 3 and the Tailings Storage Facility. These 
activities continued to progress during 2019. 

Additional tailings transfer capacity, through the launch 
of  a second dredge, occurred in the second quarter 
of  2019. The full commissioning of  the dredge was 
completed during the third quarter, in order to complete 
rehabilitation activities within the regulatory timeframe. 
While the dredging operations experienced some 
technical challenges, a total of  5.8 million cubic metres of 
tailings were transferred from the Tailings Storage  
Facility to Pit 3.  

BRIne ConCentRAtoR

The Brine Concentrator treats process water to produce 
a distillate (clean water) and a brine (concentrated waste 
stream). Distillate is discharged to the environment during 
the wet season.

Originally commissioned in 2013, the Brine Concentrator 
has undergone upgrades to ensure continuous 
improvement in performance and to overcome various 
technical challenges.

The Brine Concentrator consistently achieved  
above nameplate capacity during 2019, producing  
2,109 megalitres of  distillate. As foreshadowed by  
the Ranger Mine Closure Plan, ERA is progressing a 
project to upgrade the Brine Concentrator to further 
increase its capacity.

10

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD oPeRAtIons AnD ReHABILItAtIon

ReHABILI tAtIon oF PI t 1

Bulk material movement to backfill Pit 1 progressed  
during 2019, with 4.2 million tonnes of  waste rock placed 
over Pit 1. The backfilling operation is scheduled for 
completion in 2020, before land forming and revegetation 
activities commence.

The 39.3 hectare site has stored mill tailings in the pit 
as required by the Ranger Authority. Approximately 
7,700 dewatering wicks were installed in 2012, along 
with a geotextile fabric layer and a pre-load rock layer to 
compress the tailings mass. The pre-load rock layer was 
capped with an impervious layer of  laterite in 2016 to 
prevent surface water infiltration.

ReHABILI tAtIon oF PI t 3

Tailings waste from ongoing milling activities continued to 
be pumped via a pipeline into Pit 3. For some of  the year, 
tailings from the Tailings Storage Facility were deposited 
into Pit 3 via the subaerial pipeline before the transfer 
method was transitioned to subaqueous deposition. The 
level of  water held in both Pit 3 and the Tailings Storage 
Facility is an important factor in the productivity of  
tailings transfer to Pit 3. During the latter stages of  2019, 
productivity of  the two dredges operating in the Tailings 
Storage Facility were impacted by low water levels. Water 
levels are impacted by rainfall, water treatment capacity, 
tailings consolidation and evaporation. 

Cone penetration testing took place through the year to 
test the consolidation of  the tailings in Pit 3.

Excess process water from Pit 3 is pumped back to 
the Tailings Storage Facility and directed to the Brine 
Concentrator for treatment. The concentrated brine 
waste stream from the Brine Concentrator, currently 

being directed to the Tailings Storage Facility and to the 
leach tanks (brines to leach), is planned to eventually be 
injected into Pit 3 for final deposition. The treated water 
from the Brine Concentrator is released into constructed 
wetlands prior to release off  site.

In similar fashion to Pit 1, wicks will eventually be installed 
into the tailings mass within Pit 3 and then covered with a 
geotextile fabric membrane, prior to initial preload. Bulk 
backfilling is expected to commence in 2023, followed by 
final landform contouring and revegetation.

ReveGetAtIon

During 2019, the former drilling core yard on the Ranger 
Project Area was converted to a revegetation nursery. The 
nursery now has capacity for 250,000 seedlings, and its 
capacity is expected to double when stage two of  the 
project completes in 2023. Local Indigenous business 
Kakadu Native Plants Pty Ltd has been engaged by ERA 
to collect local native plant seeds under licence and to 
raise tube stock seedlings suitable for planting into the 
final landform.

The final landform represents landscape gardening on an 
industrial scale, using waste rock shaped and contoured 
to blend with the undulations and terrain characteristics 
of  the surrounding natural woodland.

In 2019, ERA continued to collaborate with Charles 
Darwin University to investigate methods of  establishing 
understorey such as grasses, shrubs and ground 
covers on the waste rock trial landform. Several species 
successfully established, flowered and seeded. One 
species recruited second generation seedlings on the 
trial landform. These results will enable ERA to develop 
appropriate strategies to establish understorey on the 
final landform.

Barry Pohatu, employee of Kakadu Native Plants, a local 
indigenous business supporting Ranger rehabilitation.

Kakadu Native Plants are supporting the mine rehabilitation by means of seed 
collection and raising seedlings which, in time, will be planted on the final landform.

11

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD BUsIness stRAteGy

ERA’s purpose is to provide clean energy to the world 
and care for people and country.

The strategic priority for ERA is the successful 
rehabilitation of  the Ranger Project Area, which  
ERA believes will demonstrate ERA’s commitment to  
long-term sustainable operations in the region, creating  
a sustainable, positive legacy and underpin potential 
future growth opportunities. 

The net proceeds of  the Entitlement Offer, together with 
ERA’s existing cash resources and expected future cash 
flows, will be used primarily for the purposes of  funding 
rehabilitation. A sum of  $20 million from existing cash 
resources and expected future cash flows has been 
provisionally designated for expenditure on prospective 
development opportunities or otherwise as the ERA 
Board determines to be in the interests of  the Company 
from time to time.

In addition to Ranger, ERA holds title to the Jabiluka 
Mineral Lease, a large, high quality uranium orebody of  
global significance. The carrying value of  the Jabiluka 
Undeveloped Property was recorded at approximately 
$90 million as at 31 December 2019. In accordance with 
the Long Term Care and Maintenance Agreement, the 
Jabiluka deposit will not be developed by ERA without  
the approval of  the Mirarr Traditional Owners.

ERA’s near-term strategic priorities are:

•  continue the progressive rehabilitation of  the Ranger 

Project Area;

•  maximise the generation of  cash flow from the 

processing of  stockpiled ore, which can be potentially 
sustained until the current Ranger Authority expires in 
January 2021; and

•  preserve optionality over the Company’s undeveloped 

resources.

12

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD CURRent oPeRAtIons AnD ResoURCes

pause on rehabilitation activities, would add fixed cost 
to the operation, further challenging the Ranger 3 Deeps 
Project’s viability. With the current Ranger Authority 
requiring processing to cease in January 2021 and 
with decommissioning and rehabilitation of  the Ranger 
Project Area continuing through to January 2026, the 
prospect of  any development is remote and further 
compromised once the Ranger mine infrastructure 
begins decommissioning. 

The Ranger 3 Deeps Mineral Resource remains 
unchanged for 2019 at 19.58 million tonnes at an overall 
grade of  0.224% U3O8, representing 43,858 tonnes of  
contained uranium oxide.

JABILUKA

ERA has entered into a Long Term Care and Maintenance 
Agreement in relation to the Jabiluka Mineral Lease.

Jabiluka is a large, high quality uranium orebody of  
global significance and remains one of  ERA’s key assets. 
Future mining developments at Jabiluka will not occur 
without the consent of  the Mirarr Traditional Owners.

Current operations rely on the processing of  existing 
uranium ore stockpiles following the cessation of  open  
pit mining in Pit 3.

The Company’s estimate of  Ore Reserves for the Ranger 
stockpiles at 31 December 2019 was 1,711 tonnes of  
contained uranium oxide.

The Company is well advanced in its execution of   
the “Safely Transforming ERA Together” transformation 
program. Under the program, cost reduction and 
productivity improvement initiatives have been 
established for the business to reduce costs and  
improve productivity to offset the adverse impact  
of  declining ore grades over time.

Subject to market conditions, and in the absence of  
further mine development, the mine plan which supports 
the Ore Reserves Statement assumes that stockpiled ore 
can continue to be economically produced at Ranger 
until January 2021. In this regard, ERA continues to 
monitor production economics and plans to continue  
to produce, in 2020, provided a positive cash margin  
is generated between the marginal production cost  
and the uranium spot price.

RAnGeR 3 DeePs

ERA has implemented a reduced care and maintenance 
program for the Ranger 3 Deeps exploration decline.  
Whilst the implementation of  this reduced program 
maintains project optionality, a rapid and sustained 
recovery of  the uranium market is required for the Ranger 
3 Deeps Project to be economically viable.

Amendments to legislation to effect an extension of  the 
Ranger Authority would be required to manage a gap 
between the cessation of  processing in January 2021 
and the commencement of  Ranger 3 Deeps production 
at a later point. This gap, together with an extensive care 
and maintenance program for the mill and a required 

13

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD BUsIness RIsKs

The business risks that could adversely affect the 
achievement of  the financial performance or financial 
outcomes of  the Company are described below.

ReHABILI tAtIon

In accordance with applicable Commonwealth and 
Northern Territory Government statutory requirements, 
ERA is required to cease mining and processing activities 
at the Ranger Project Area by 8 January 2021 and must 
rehabilitate the site by January 2026.

On 8 February 2019, ERA confirmed the approval and 
implementation of  the Feasibility Study. The Feasibility 
Study, prepared in accordance with the Ranger Mine 
Closure Plan released in June 2018, was supported by an 
experienced engineering services provider and examined 
the technical, costing and scheduling aspects of  Ranger 
closure having regard to the prescribed closure criteria, 
the progressive rehabilitation activities already undertaken 
and updated closure forecasts and modelling.    

Calculating the rehabilitation provision for the Ranger 
Project Area requires significant estimation and 
judgement by the Company. Assumptions are made 
in respect of  methods of  rehabilitation, costs and 
timing, as well as the potential for changes in legal 
requirements, technological changes, environmental 
conditions, weather events and market conditions. The 
most significant components of  the provision relate to 

material movement, water treatment, tailings transfer, 
demolition and revegetation. Any significant change to 
the components and schedule of  activities to implement 
closure and rehabilitation may adversely affect the cost, 
timing and completion of  the rehabilitation in accordance 
with applicable Commonwealth and Northern Territory 
statutory requirements. 

Ultimately, the cost of  rehabilitation of  the Ranger Project 
Area is uncertain and may be materially more or less than 
the current rehabilitation estimate. Rehabilitation costs may 
increase in response to factors beyond ERA’s control such 
as legal requirements, technological changes, environment 
conditions, weather events and market conditions. In 
addition, should current forecasts for foreign exchange 
rate, prices, costs and processing of  stockpiles not be 
realised, additional funding may be required to fund the 
rehabilitation of  the Ranger Project Area. Any increase 
in rehabilitation costs is likely to have a material adverse 
effect on ERA’s business and its financial position and 
performance. There is no certainty that the Company  
could secure additional funding in the future in the  
event it was required.

14

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD BUsIness RIsKs

wAteR tReAtMent

ACCess to CAPI tAL RIsK

Management of  water on the Ranger Project Area is 
critical to the ongoing operation of  ERA’s processing and 
rehabilitation activities. ERA has a number of  procedures 
and initiatives underway in respect to water management, 
including a project to upgrade the capacity of  the Brine 
Concentrator. To the extent that these initiatives cost more 
than expected or ERA is required to implement further 
initiatives (such as the installation of  additional water 
treatment infrastructure), ERA may have insufficient  
funds for rehabilitation.

On 29 April 2016, the Company entered into a $100 million 
Loan Agreement with North Limited (a wholly-owned 
subsidiary of  Rio Tinto) in support of  ERA’s rehabilitation 
obligations should additional funding ultimately be 
required. This agreement currently remains in place and 
is undrawn. Drawdown of  the credit facility under the Loan 
Agreement is subject to ERA being able to demonstrate at 
the time of  drawdown that it satisfies customary conditions 
precedent as mentioned in the “credit facility agreement” 
announcement released on 29 April 2016.  

The Loan Agreement contains a review mechanism which 
is triggered if, before the first drawdown, the estimated 
rehabilitation cost increases by $12.5 million or more for 
reasons other than external factors or operational issues 
beyond ERA’s reasonable control. The review mechanism 
ultimately provides Rio Tinto with a right to terminate the 
Loan Agreement if  the parties cannot agree a satisfactory 
path forward following such an increase in the estimated 
rehabilitation cost. If  future estimates of  the rehabilitation 
costs are materially higher than those currently estimated, 
ERA will be required to increase the rehabilitation 
provision, which in turn may result in termination of  the 
Loan Agreement. The termination of  the Loan Agreement 
may have a material adverse effect on ERA’s ability to meet 
its rehabilitation obligations as well as its business and 
financial position and performance.

Should ERA require additional funding for rehabilitation 
of  the Ranger Project Area or otherwise beyond the 
Entitlement Offer, there can be no assurance that 
additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, 
or at all. Any inability to obtain additional capital or to 
monetise assets would have a material adverse effect 
on ERA’s ability to meet its rehabilitation obligations 
as well as its business and its financial position and 
performance. If  ERA does not have sufficient funding  
to support its continued operations and rehabilitation  
of  the Ranger Project Area, ERA may be unable to  
meet its liabilities as and when they fall due and its  
ability to continue as a going concern. 

RAnGeR ReHABILI tAtIon tRUst FUnD

Each year, ERA is required to prepare and submit to 
the Commonwealth Government an Annual Plan of  
Rehabilitation. Once accepted by the Commonwealth 
Government, the annual plan is then independently 
assessed and costed and the amount to be provided  
by ERA into the Ranger Rehabilitation Trust Fund  
(Trust Fund) is then determined. The Trust Fund  
includes both cash and financial guarantees. 

ERA’s ability to continue to access these financial 
guarantees can be influenced by many factors including 
future cash balance, cash flows and shareholder support. 
Guarantees are subject to periodic review by the banks. 
Should the Company at any point be unable to access 
financial guarantees, substantial additional cash would 
be required to be deposited into the Trust Fund. In the 
scenario where this occurs ERA’s cash reserves available 
to fund operations would reduce. The balance of  bank 
guarantees, and Trust Fund cash held is currently 
$410 million. In late January 2020, the Commonwealth 
Government notified ERA that the independent assessor 
has reviewed the Plan, and estimated the net present 
cost of  implementation to be $671 million. ERA is 
questioning certain elements of  that assessment, but 
does not expect the final amount to be materially different 
to the independent assessment. ERA anticipates that the 
relevant Commonwealth Minister will finally determine the 
revised security amount and require ERA to provide the 
additional security into the Trust Fund later in quarter 1 
2020. At this time, ERA will evaluate the appropriate mix 
of  bank guarantees and Trust Fund Cash held. This may 
result in a significant increase in the amount of  cash held 
in the Trust Fund. Should this occur, the Company’s ability 
to drawdown on the cash held in trust will present as an 
ongoing risk to the Company’s cash liquidity position. 
Drawdown on security is expected to require ongoing 
review and approval by the Commonwealth Government.

15

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD Regulatory approvals would also be required to 
commence any production from the Ranger 3 Deeps 
or on any other parts of  the Ranger Project Area. As 
noted under “Undeveloped Resources”, at present, 
no work is being conducted on further development 
options for the Ranger 3 Deeps deposit, no approvals are 
being pursued and the prospect of  any development is 
remote and further compromised once the Ranger mine 
infrastructure begins decommissioning.

In relation to Jabiluka, as noted under “Undeveloped 
Resources” ERA has entered into a Long Term 
Care and Maintenance Agreement with the Mirarr 
Traditional Owners. ERA has agreed that future mining 
developments at Jabiluka will not occur without the 
consent of  the Mirarr people. There is no guarantee 
that this consent will be forthcoming and, by extension, 
that the Jabiluka deposit will be developed. Should 
this consent not eventuate in the future, the Jabiluka 
Undeveloped Property would face full impairment.

BUsIness RIsKs

ReGULAtoRs AnD stAKeHoLDeR s

The Ranger Mine Closure Plan is subject to ongoing 
review and refinement, with ERA required to review and 
submit an updated plan for regulatory approval each 
year. In addition, regulatory approvals are required in 
order to carry out certain rehabilitation activities. If  these 
regulatory approvals are not obtained or are obtained 
with unsatisfactory conditions, ERA’s ability to complete 
the rehabilitation program in a timely and cost effective 
manner will be at risk.

The Ranger Mine Closure Plan builds on more than  
20 years of  scientific work undertaken on the progressive 
rehabilitation at Ranger, and was developed by reference 
to the Western Australian Mine Closure Plan Guidelines 
(in the absence of  relevant Northern Territory closure 
plan guidelines). It also includes proposed closure 
criteria for the Ranger mine which addresses the key 
themes of  the final landform, radiation, water, flora  
and fauna, soils and cultural heritage.

ERA first released the Plan to the public in June 
2018 following an intensive stakeholder engagement 
process with all key stakeholders which commenced 
on the provision a draft Plan in December 2016. Key 
stakeholders who provided feedback on the draft 
included the Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation  
and Northern Land Council (as representatives of   
the Mirarr Traditional Owners), and Northern Territory  
and Commonwealth Government agencies.

In October 2019, the Ranger Mine Closure Plan update 
was released and will continue to be updated annually in 
close consultation with Traditional Owner representatives, 
regulators and key stakeholders. ERA also formally 
submitted the updated Plan to the relevant Northern 
Territory and Commonwealth Ministers for approval in 
compliance with the authorisation. 

16

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD BUsIness RIsKs

UnDeveL oPeD ResoURC es

The Company is currently processing stockpiled ore 
following the completion of  open cut mining in 2012. The 
stockpiles are potentially sufficient to sustain operations 
until 8 January 2021, when the Ranger Authority expires.  

The Company has significant undeveloped uranium 
resources at Ranger 3 Deeps and Jabiluka.

The Company has implemented a reduced care and 
maintenance program for the Ranger 3 Deeps exploration 
decline. Whilst the implementation of  this reduced 
program maintains project optionality, a rapid and 
sustained recovery of  the uranium market is required for 
the Ranger 3 Deeps Project to be economically viable. 
Amendments to legislation to effect an extension of  the 
Ranger Authority would be required to manage a gap 
between the cessation of  processing in January 2021 
and the commencement of  Ranger 3 Deeps production 
at a later point. This gap, together with an extensive care 
and maintenance program for the mill and a required 
pause on rehabilitation activities, would add fixed cost 
to the operation, further challenging the Ranger 3 Deeps 
Project’s viability.  

With the current Ranger Authority requiring processing 
to cease in January 2021 and with decommissioning 
and rehabilitation of  the Ranger Project Area continuing 
through to January 2026, the prospect of  any 
development is remote and further compromised once 
the Ranger mine infrastructure begins decommissioning. 

At present, no work is being conducted on further 
development options for the Ranger 3 Deeps deposit.

The Jabiluka Mineral Lease is currently held subject to 
a Long Term Care and Maintenance Agreement with the 
Mirarr Traditional Owners. This agreement provides that 
the Jabiluka deposit will not be developed without the 
consent of  the Traditional Owners. It is uncertain that this 
consent will be forthcoming and, by extension, that the 
Jabiluka deposit will be developed. Should this consent 
not eventuate in the future, the Jabiluka Undeveloped 
Property would face full impairment. 

URAnIUM MARKet DeMA nD, PRICe AnD 
FoReIGn exCHA nGe RI sKs

As ERA’s business relates primarily to the production and 
subsequent sale of  uranium oxide to Rio Tinto Uranium 
for on sale to a variety of  customers, fluctuations in 
the global uranium market may materially affect ERA’s 
financial performance. Demand for, and pricing of, 
uranium oxide remains sensitive to external economic 
and political factors, many of  which are beyond ERA’s 
control including: worldwide uranium supply and 
demand, regional political developments in uranium 
producing and nuclear power generating countries and 
regions (including potential for trade sanctions), and the 
price and availability of  competing power generating 
technologies. Accordingly, it is impossible to predict 
future uranium price movements with certainty.

Global uranium and foreign exchange market fluctuations 
may materially affect ERA’s financial performance. 

GeneRAL ReGULAtoRy RI sKs

Uranium mining in Australia is extensively regulated by 
Commonwealth, and State or Territory Governments. 
The areas of  uranium mining that are regulated include 
exploration, development, production, transport, export, 
taxes and royalties, labour standards, occupational 
health, waste disposal, protection and rehabilitation of  
the environment, mine reclamation, mine safety, toxic 
and radioactive substances and native title. In particular, 
the approval processes for uranium mining are more 
onerous, and therefore more costly, than for the mining of  
other minerals.

The mining and export of  uranium is currently permitted 
under strict international agreements designed to prevent 
nuclear proliferation. The export of  uranium is tightly 
controlled by the Commonwealth Government through  
its licensing process and Australian uranium can only  
be exported to countries that have signed the nuclear 
non-proliferation treaty. Government actions in Australia 
and other jurisdictions in which ERA has interests, 
including new or amended legislation, guidelines and 
regulations in relation to the environment, uranium or 
nuclear power sectors, competition policy, native title  
and cultural heritage could impact ERA’s operations. 

Operational aspects that may be affected include, among 
other things, land access rights, the granting of  licences 
and other tenements, the extension of  mine life and the 
approval of  developments.

17

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD BUsIness RIsKs

Future legislation and changes in the regulatory 
framework could cause additional expense, capital 
expenditures, restrictions and delays in the development 
of  ERA’s assets, the extent of  which cannot be predicted. 
Any such government action may require increased 
capital or operating expenditures and could prevent 
or delay certain operations by ERA, which could have 
a material adverse effect on ERA’s business and its 
financial position and performance as well as its ability  
to meet its rehabilitation obligations.

Uranium mining in the Northern Territory is regulated 
through a suite of  Commonwealth and Northern Territory 
legislation. The Traditional Owners of  the land on which 
the Ranger Project Area and Jabiluka is situated are the 
Mirarr people.

The Ranger Mine Closure Plan is subject to ongoing 
review and refinement, with ERA required to review and 
submit an updated Annual Plan for regulatory approval 
each year. In addition, regulatory approvals are required 
in order to carry out certain rehabilitation activities. If  
these regulatory approvals are not obtained in a timely 
manner or are obtained on unsatisfactory conditions, 
ERA’s ability to complete the rehabilitation program in a 
timely and cost effective manner will be at risk and ERA’s 
business and its financial position and performance may 
be materially adversely affected.

envIRonMentAL RI sK

A condition of  the Ranger Authority is that ERA must 
rehabilitate the Ranger Project Area to establish an 
environment similar to the adjacent areas of  Kakadu 
National Park such that, in the opinion of  the Minister with 
the advice of  the Supervising Scientist, the rehabilitated 
area could be incorporated into the Kakadu National Park. 
While substantially complete and agreed, certain closure 
criteria relating to environmental matters for Ranger are 
still to be finalised and agreed to by the stakeholders 
(including, in particular, the Ranger and Jabiluka Minesite 
Technical Committees). The ability for ERA to meet its 
Ranger closure and rehabilitation obligations requires 
careful management of  various environmental conditions 
into the future, including preventing:

•  pond and process water being discharged to the 

environment;

•  impact of  surface water on groundwater under the site 

and on the surrounding environment;

•  impact of  salt accumulation in dry watercourses during 

the dry season;

•  weeds, feral animals and fire from the Kakadu National 

Park encroaching the Ranger Project Area; and

•  release, spillage and impact on the surrounding 
environment of  hazardous materials such as 
radioactive material, diesel and acid.

If  these environmental conditions are not satisfactorily 
managed, ERA’s ability to complete the rehabilitation 
program in a timely and cost effective manner will be  
at risk and ERA’s business and its financial position  
and performance may be materially impacted.

18

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD BUsIness RIsKs

oPeRAtIons 

ERA’s operations may be delayed or be unsuccessful 
for many reasons, including unanticipated financial, 
operational or political events, cost overruns, decline 
in uranium prices and demand, foreign exchange 
fluctuations, equipment and labour shortages, technical 
concerns including possible reserves and deliverability 
difficulties, environmental impacts including climatic 
conditions, increases in operating cost structures, 
community or industrial actions and any other 
circumstance which results in the delay, suspension  
or termination of  ERA’s capital or exploration projects 
and/or the total or partial loss of  ERA’s capital. 

In addition, ERA has now produced sufficient drummed 
inventory to meet supply commitments under its existing 
long-term contract portfolio. As a result, a greater portion 
of  future sales will be exposed to the spot market. ERA 
continues to monitor production economics and plans to 
continue to produce, in 2020, provided a positive cash 

margin is generated between marginal production cost 
and the uranium spot price. Should this diminish, ERA 
may choose to cease production earlier than planned. 
This is likely to have a material adverse impact on ERA’s 
ability to meet its rehabilitation obligations as well as its 
business and financial position and performance.

ERA is required to cease processing at Ranger no later 
than 8 January 2021, meaning Ranger has a maximum 
of  one full year of  processing the remaining stockpiles. 
There is a risk that ore grade may vary from that planned, 
impacting drummed uranium oxide production quantities. 
Furthermore, given 2020 will be the final year of  Ranger 
production, there is an increase in risks associated with 
unplanned maintenance and reduced plant availability. 
In the event of  a critical failure of  key infrastructure, 
ERA may elect not to repair the relevant infrastructure 
and instead elect to conclude processing earlier than 
planned. This is likely to have a material adverse effect on 
ERA’s ability to meet its rehabilitation obligations as well 
as its business and financial position and performance.

19

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD Internal approval of  Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources 
for ERA is the responsibility of  the Chief  Executive and 
estimates are carried out by a Competent Person as 
defined by the JORC Code 2012.

As part of  its internal controls, ERA applies the standards 
of  the Rio Tinto Ore Reserves Steering Committee 
(ORSC) in the generation and publication of  Mineral 
Resources and Ore Reserves. The ORSC comprises 
senior representatives from technical, financial and 
business fields within the Rio Tinto Group and meets  
on a quarterly basis.

The ORSC’s role includes setting the standards and 
qualifications for Competent Persons in accordance with 
the JORC Code 2012 which form the basis of  Competent 
Person appointment by ERA.

Rio Tinto’s Resource and Reserve internal audit program 
is conducted by independent external consulting 
personnel in a program managed by Rio Tinto Group 
Audit and Assurance with the assistance of  the ORSC.

Rio Tinto has continued the development of  internal 
systems and controls to ensure compliance with the 
JORC Code 2012 in all external reporting including the 
preparation of  reported data by ERA’s Competent Person.

Other improvements introduced by the ORSC include 
a web-based reporting and sign-off  database, annual 
internal Competent Person reports and Competent 
Person development and training.

FUtURe sUPPLy

evALUAtIon AnD exPLoRAtIon

There was no evaluation or exploration expenditure for 
2019. ERA suspended the final stage of  the surface 
exploration program on the Ranger Project Area in 2015 
to preserve cash following the deferral of  the Ranger 3 
Deeps project.

As noted under “Undeveloped Resources”, at present, 
no work is being conducted on further development 
options for the Ranger 3 Deeps deposit, no approvals are 
being pursued and the prospect of  any development is 
remote and further compromised once the Ranger mine 
infrastructure begins decommissioning. 

RAnGeR 3 DeePs ReseRves A nD 
ResoURC es

The economic assumptions for the Ranger 3 Deeps 
Mineral Resource uses a cut-off  grade of  0.11% U3O8. 
The Ranger 3 Deeps estimated Mineral Resource is  
19.58 million tonnes with an overall grade of  0.224% 
U3O8, equating to 43,858 tonnes of  contained  
uranium oxide.

RAnGeR ReseRves A nD ResoURC es

Probable Ore Reserves of  uranium oxide for Ranger 
decreased by 2,024 tonnes in 2019 to 1,711 tonnes at  
31 December 2019 (31 December 2018: 3,735 tonnes).

This included the impact of  depletion by processing 
in 2019 of  2,024 tonnes. During the reporting period, 
all processed ore was sourced from either run of  mine 
stocks or low grade stockpiles.

For the same period, Ranger Mineral Resources 
remained consistent at 54,701 tonnes.

JABILUKA ReseRves A nD ResoURC es

The Jabiluka Mineral Lease remains under long term  
care and maintenance. In accordance with the  
Long Term Care and Maintenance Agreement, 
development by ERA will not proceed without the 
approval of  the Mirarr Traditional Owners.

The Jabiluka estimated Mineral Resource is  
137,107 tonnes of  uranium oxide at a cut-off  grade  
of  0.2% U3O8.

GoveRnA nCe

ERA’s Competent Person is a full time employee of  ERA. 
The ERA Board oversees the governance of  Resources 
and Reserves. This includes the annual review and 
approval of  the publicly reported Ore Reserves and 
Mineral Resources Statement.

20

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD eRA 2019 oRe ReseRves & MIneRAL ResoURC es

CUt-oFF GRADe –   
stoCKPILe oRe 0.06% U 3o8 
As At 31 DeC eMBeR 2019

CUt-oFF GRADe –  
stoCKPILe oRe 0.06% U 3o8 
As At 31 DeC eMBeR 2018

oRe (Mt)

% U3o8

t U 3o8

oRe (Mt)

% U3o8

t U 3o8

RAnGeR PRoBABLe oRe ReseRves  
Current Stockpiles

2.42

0.071

1,711

4.90

0.076

3,735

In situ  

 Proved  

  Probable

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Sub-total Proved and Probable Reserves

2.42

0.071

1,711

4.90

0.076

3,735

Total Ranger No. 3 Stockpiles, Proved and 
Probable Reserves

2.42

0.071

1,711

490

0.076

3,735

RAnGeR MIneRAL ResoURC es 
IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE RESERVE

CUt-oFF GRADe –   
stoCKPILe ResoURC e 0.02% U 3o8 
UnDeRGRoUnD InsI tU ResoURC e 
0.11% U3o8

CUt-oFF GRADe –   
stoCKPILe ResoURC e 0.02% U 3o8 
UnDeRGRoUnD InsI tU ResoURC e 
0.11% U3o8

oRe (Mt)

% U3o8

t U 3o8

oRe (Mt)

% U3o8

t U 3o8

Current Mineralised Stockpiles

27.16

0.04

10,843

27.16

0.04

10,843

In situ resource (R3 Deeps)

 Measured

 Indicated

Sub-total Measured and Indicated Resources

Inferred Resources

Total Resources

JABILUKA oRe ReseRves   
(all written back to Mineral Resources)

 Proved  

  Probable

Total Proved and Probable Reserves

JABILUKA MIneRAL ResoURC es

 Measured

 Indicated

Sub-total Measured and Indicated

Inferred Resources

Total Resources

Rounding difference may occur.

 3.72

10.41

41.29

 5.44

46.74

0.27

0.22

0.11

0.20

0.12

 10,134

 22,636

43,614

11,087

 3.72

10.41

41.29

 5.44

54,701

46.74

0.27

0.22

0.11

0.20

0.12

 10,134

 22,636

43,614

11,087

54,701

As At 31 DeC eMBeR 2019   
CUt-oFF GRADe  
0.20% U3o8

As At 31 DeC eMBeR 2018   
CUt-oFF GRADe  
0.20% U3o8

oRe (Mt)

% U3o8

t U 3o8

oRe (Mt)

% U3o8

t U 3o8

–

–

–

 1.21

13.88

15.09

10.03

25.12

–

–

–

0.89

0.52

0.55

0.54

–

–

–

10,769

72,176

82,945

54,162

–

–

–

 1.21

13.88

15.09

10.03

–

–

–

0.89

0.52

0.55

0.54

–

–

–

10,769

72,176

82,945

54,162

0.55

137,107

25.12

0.55

137,107

21

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD  
 
URAnIUM oxIDe  
(U3o8 tonnes)*

3,735

(2,024)4

1,711

ERA is not aware of  any new information or data beyond 
the updates already provided to the market that materially 
affects the Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources estimate.

All assumptions and technical parameters underpinning 
the estimates continue to apply and have not materially 
changed. The information in this report that relates 
to Ranger and Jabiluka Ore Reserves and Mineral 
Resources is based on information compiled by geologist 
Stephen Pevely (a full time employee of  ERA).

Stephen Pevely is a member of  the Australasian Institute 
of  Mining and Metallurgy and has sufficient experience 
which is relevant to the style of  mineralisation and the 
type of  deposit under consideration, and to the activity 
being undertaken, to qualify as a Competent Person 
as defined in the JORC Code 2012. Stephen Pevely 
consents to the inclusion in this report of  the matters 
based on his information in the form and context in  
which it appears.

Summary data for year end 2018 are shown for 
comparison. Metric units are used throughout. The 
figures used to calculate reserves and resources are 
often more precise than the rounded numbers shown 
in the tables, hence small differences may result if  the 
calculations are repeated using the tabulated figures.

FUtURe sUPPLy

oRe ReseRves

Ranger Ore Reserves as at 31 December 2018

Depletion by Processing

Ranger Ore Reserves as at 31 December 2019

*Rounding differences may occur

CoMPetent PeR sons

Ranger and Jabiluka Ore Reserves and Mineral 
Resources are reported in accordance with the 
Australasian Code for Reporting of  Exploration Results, 
Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves, 2012 Edition 
(JORC Code 2012).

The JORC Code 2012 envisages the use of  reasonable 
investment assumptions, including the use of  projected 
long term commodity prices, in calculating reserve 
estimates.

As required by the Australian Securities Exchange 
(ASX), the above tables also contain details of  other 
mineralisation that has a reasonable prospect of  being 
economically extracted in the future but which is not yet 
classified as Proven or Probable Reserves.

This material is defined as Mineral Resources under the 
JORC Code 2012. Estimates of  such material are based 
largely on geological information with only preliminary 
consideration of  mining, economic and other factors.

While in the judgement of  the Competent Person there 
are realistic expectations that all or part of  the Mineral 
Resources will eventually become Proven or Probable 
Reserves, there is no guarantee that this will occur as the 
result depends on further technical and economic studies 
and prevailing economic conditions in the future.

The information in the above table is sourced from the 
ERA 2019 Annual Statement of  Reserves and Resources 
which was released to ASX on 26 February 2020 and can 
be found at: https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20200226/
pdf/44fh75xlybyy2l.pdf

Neither the information that relates to Ranger and 
Jabiluka Mineral Resources or Ore Reserves, nor the 
underlying resource models, have changed since the 
ERA 2019 Annual Statement of  Reserves and Resources 
was disclosed to ASX.

4.  This does not include 26.6 tonnes of metal recovered from brines-to-leach process water, as this does not come directly from reserve. 

22

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD sALes AnD MARKetInG

ERA sells uranium primarily under long term contracts via 
a sales and marketing agreement with Rio Tinto Uranium.

ERA entered into a Revised Sales and Marketing 
Agreement with Rio Tinto Uranium in August 2017. Under 
the revised agreement, ERA’s allocation of  existing Rio 
Tinto Uranium contracts were fixed from 1 January 2017.

ERA’s reliance on long-term contracts provides its 
customers with security of  continued supply, and has 
helped ERA achieve prices for its uranium that are 
significantly above the global spot price.

The average realised sales price on contracted sales  
in 2019 was US$48.53 per pound compared to  
US$47.67 per pound in 2018. The average realised  
price on all sales (including uncontracted material  
sold into the spot market) in 2019 was US$41.89.  
The average realised price compares favourably against  
the average spot price for 2019 of  US$25.90 per pound.

ERA’s customers are located in the United States of  
America, Europe, China, Japan, South Korea and the 
UAE and use ERA’s product as fuel to generate low 
emissions power.

The uranium spot price remained volatile in 2019 with a 
closing December spot price of  US$24.82 per pound 
approximately 14 per cent lower than the closing 
December 2018 price.

The pace of  Japanese nuclear reactor restarts has 
been slow following the failure at Fukushima. The 
World Nuclear Association notes there are currently 
442 operable nuclear reactors in the world providing 
approximately 10 per cent of  the share of  global 
electricity generation and a further 53 reactors under 
construction.

Many analysts believe China’s nuclear energy program 
has a key role to play in the longer term uranium outlook.

Despite the rise of  renewable energy sources, nuclear 
power is expected to continue to play an important role  
in the overall global energy mix.

23

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD HeALtH AnD sAFety

At ERA, safety comes first. It is central to workplace 
culture and operational activities. ERA’s safety goals, 
accountabilities and systems are articulated in ERA’s 
Health, Safety and Environment Management System, 
which is certified to Australian (AS4801) and international 
(ISO14001) standards and subject to regular review.

The SMM is a two year program being implemented over 
2019 and 2020.

A number of  SMM initiatives that were implemented at 
ERA included leadership coaching training, introduction 
of  a cascaded coaching program, targeted leadership in 
the field and HSE Back to Basics.

A key performance measure at ERA is the All Injury 
Frequency Rate (AIFR). AIFR measures the frequency  
of  recordable injuries – lost time injuries, restricted  
work injuries and medical treatment cases – per  
200,000 hours worked.

In 2019, ERA achieved an AIFR of  1.07 (2018: 0.56;  
2017: 1.17).

During the year ERA recorded five lost time injuries, no 
restricted work day injuries and one medical treatment 
case injury.

The importance of  safety leadership and safety 
awareness was highlighted through the year. These 
initiatives included Management Essentials, ASIST 
(suicide intervention training), Build Up Blues, Peer 
Support and Workforce Resilience programs, hearing 
conservation campaign and several workshops on  
other health and safety issues.

sAFety MAtURIty MoDeL

The Safety Maturity Model (SMM) is a global Rio Tinto 
safety initiative that drives behaviours and activity  
to deliver effective safety performance across the  
three pillars of  the safety strategy; fatality elimination,  
reducing injuries and illnesses and catastrophic  
event prevention.

The model is led through leadership engagement, 
creating an enabling environment in the areas of   
risk management, leaning and improving and  
work planning and execution. 

MAnAGInG HeAt AnD HUMIDIty

During the wet season from October through to March, 
hydration and thermal stress become critical issues for 
ERA’s workforce. Employees and contractors required 
to work outdoors while wearing protective clothing and 
equipment are at a higher risk of  thermal stress.

Each year ERA implements a holistic program “Beat 
the Build-Up Blues” designed to encourage behaviours 
which can help to manage mental wellness, fitness for 
work, work/life balance, thermal stress and maintain 
hydration. In 2019, ERA again promoted the campaign 
during the build-up season. 

AUDIts

ERA’s integrated Health, Safety and Environment 
Management System provides certification to both  
ISO 14001 (the international standard for environmental 
management systems) and AS4801 (the Australian 
standard for occupational health and safety management 
systems). The system was audited in February 2019 and 
December 2019 with re-certification granted.

ERA underwent a Rio Tinto Safety Maturity Assessment in 
April and November 2019.

Leadership and
engagement

  – Creating an enabling
    environment

Risk management
  – Understanding and controlling risk

Learn and improve
  – Striving to do better every shift

Work planning and execution
  – Operational practices and routines

24

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD HeALtH AnD sAFety

eMeRGenCy ResPonse

Building ERA’s Emergency Response Team skills and 
capabilities continued to be a strong focus during 2019. 
The team comprises 10 Emergency Services Officers 
and 26 workforce volunteers who are trained to respond 
immediately to incidents such as evacuation, fires or 
vehicle accidents.

ERA has invested in specialist training for team members 
and has also been actively recruiting and training new 
members.

RADIAtIon MonI toRInG

ERA monitors radiation at Ranger in accordance with  
the Company’s Radiation Policy and Radiation 
Management Plan.

The desired performance outcomes are described in 
ERA’s Health, Safety and Environment Management 
System, which is certified to Australian (AS4801) and 
international (ISO14001) standards.

Monitoring results are compared to limits recommended 
by the International Commission on Radiological 
Protection (ICRP) for occupationally exposed persons  
as adopted by Australian legislation.

ERA employees and contractors whose occupational 
exposure to radiation may exceed 5 millisieverts (mSv) 
per year are declared ‘designated’ workers and their 
exposure is more stringently monitored. Examples of  
activities at Ranger that require a designated worker 

status include mine production, process production, 
process maintenance and electrical maintenance.

To ensure the highest possible quality control on radiation 
doses, the results are reviewed internally by ERA and 
externally by the Company’s regulators. ERA provides 
quarterly occupational radiation dose data for workers  
at Ranger mine to the Australian Government’s Australian 
Radiation Dose Register.

The maximum and mean annual radiation doses received 
by designated workers and the maximum radiation doses 
received by non-designated workers during 2019 will  
be reported in the 2019 Annual Ranger Mine and 
Ranger 3 Deeps Radiation Protection and Atmospheric 
Monitoring Report.

Preliminary analysis of  the available dose results for 
2019 indicates that all occupational and public radiation 
doses remain well below the national and international 
dose limits. The resulting contribution from Ranger mine 
remains very low in comparison to both the public dose 
limit and the natural background radiation level.

The table on this page provides a summary of  maximum 
and mean annual radiation doses received by designated 
and non-designated workers for the first three quarters  
of  the year. Historically the theoretical contribution from 
the Ranger mine has been, on average, approximately 
0.02 mSv (or two per cent) of  the 1 mSv member of  
public dose limit and less than one per cent of  the  
natural background radiation level in Australia of   
between 2 and 3 mSv.

2019

Q1

Q2

Q3

DESIGNATED WORKERS (mSv)

NON DESIGNATED WORKERS (mSv)

Mean

0.32

0.38

0.36

Max

1.37

1.25

1.05

Mean

0.11

0.12

0.16

Max

0.32

0.22

0.31

25

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD Committee members include representatives of  the 
Northern Territory Government, the Commonwealth 
Government, the Northern Land Council, Aboriginal 
associations, mining companies (including ERA), 
West Arnhem Regional Council, the Northern Territory 
Environment Centre and other members who may 
be appointed by the Commonwealth Minister for the 
Environment.

Further information on ARRAC can be obtained at: http://
www.environment.gov.au/science/supervising-scientist/
communication/committees/arrac

The Alligator Rivers Region Technical Committee (ARRTC) 
oversees the nature and extent of  research being 
undertaken to protect and restore the environment in the 
Alligator Rivers Region from any effects of  uranium mining.

The 10 ARRTC members include independent 
scientists nominated by the Federation of  Australian 
Scientists Branch and Technological Societies 
with the remaining representatives being from the 
Commonwealth Supervising Scientist Branch, Northern 
Territory Government, Uranium Equities Ltd, Northern 
Land Council, Parks Australia and a non-government 
environment organisation.

Further information on ARRTC can be contained at: http://
www.environment.gov.au/science/supervising-scientist/
communication/committees/arrtc

InteRnAtIonAL AnD AUstRALIA n 
CeRtIFICAtIon

ERA maintains international certification (ISO 14001)  
of  its Health, Safety and Environment Management 
System which includes the Company’s Water 
Management System.

ERA also maintains Australian certification (AS4801) of  
its Health, Safety and Environment Management System 
including the Ranger Radiation Management System.

ReGULAtoRy FRAMewoRK

Uranium mining activities in Australia are strictly regulated 
by the Commonwealth and State or Territory Governments.

The purpose of  these regulations is to ensure uranium 
mining performance and compliance in a range of  critical 
areas, including health and safety, mine safety, safe 
management of  toxic and radioactive substances, waste 
disposal, transport safety, export controls, protection and 
rehabilitation of  the environment, native title, exploration, 
development, taxes and royalties, labour standards and 
mine reclamation.

International agreements designed to prevent nuclear 
proliferation also govern the mining and export of  
uranium. Exports are subject to strict safeguards and 
conditions to ensure that Australian uranium is only  
used for peaceful purposes.

ReGULAtIon oF eRA’s oPeRA tIons

Commonwealth and Northern Territory legislation  
provide the regulatory framework for ERA’s uranium 
mining activities.

ERA’s operations are closely supervised and monitored 
by key statutory bodies and stakeholder organisations 
including:

•  Northern Territory Department of  Primary Industry and 
Resources (DPIR), the Commonwealth Department of  
Industry, Science, Energy and Resources (DISER), the 
Commonwealth Supervising Scientist Branch (SSB) 
and the Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation (GAC) and 
the Northern Land Council (NLC) representing the 
Mirarr;

•  Alligator Rivers Region Advisory Committee (including 
non-government organisation representatives); and

•  Alligator Rivers Region Technical Committee (including 

non-government organisation representatives).

The Ranger and Jabiluka Minesite Technical Committees 
– made up of  ERA, DPIR, SSB, GAC and NLC (with 
DISER as observers) – are the key forums for approvals 
on environmental matters relating to Ranger and Jabiluka.

The Alligator Rivers Region Advisory Committee 
(ARRAC) provides a formal forum for consultation on 
matters relating to the effects of  uranium mining on the 
environment in the region.

26

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD FInAnCIAL
RePoRt

Contents

DIRECTOR’S REPORT 

28

AUDITOR’S INDEPENDENCE DECLARATION 

51

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT 

52

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

58

BALANCE SHEET 

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

CASH FLOW STATEMENT 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

DIRECTOR’S DECLARATION 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 

SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION 

2019 ASX ANNOUNCEMENTS 

TEN YEAR PERFORMANCE 

INDEX 

59

60

61

62

94

95

101

103

104

105

eneRGy ResoURCes oF AUstRALIA LtD  27

DIReCtoR's RePoRt

DIReC toRs

PeteR MA nseLL

CHAIRMAn

BCom, LLB, H. Dip. Tax, FAICD

PAUL ARnoLD

CHIeF exeCUtIve A nD MAnAGInG 
DIReC toR

BE (Hons) Mining, MBA, MAusIMM, MAICD

sHAne CHARLes

non-exeCUtIve DIReC toR

LLB

Appointed in October 2015.

Appointed in August 2017.

Appointed in October 2015.

Mr Arnold brings extensive experience 
to ERA gained over more than 25 years 
in the resources sector working in 
operations, commercial, business analysis 
and major project development roles. 
Mr Arnold has worked in the Rio Tinto 
group since 2001 and was most recently 
Rio Tinto Aluminium’s Pacific Operations 
Engineering and Growth team leader. 
Before joining Rio Tinto, Mr Arnold worked 
for more than a decade with BHP in 
operations and corporate roles.

Mr Arnold was a Director of  the 
Queensland Resources Council for over  
5 years and as past Chair of  the 
Indigenous Affairs Committee established 
the annual Queensland Resources 
Council Indigenous Awards in 2014.

Chair of  the Audit and Risk Committee 
from January 2016; member of  Health, 
Safety and Environment Committee and 
Remuneration Committee.

Mr Charles is currently the Chairman 
of  the Toowoomba and Surat Basin 
Enterprise (TSBE), an independent, 
business driven economic development 
organisation with a vision to pursue 
sustainable growth and diversity.  
Mr Charles is also currently President 
of  the Royal Agricultural Society of  
Queensland.

He has also previously acted as 
Chairman of  Stanwell Corporation 
Limited, as director and Chairman 
of  the Endeavour Foundation and 
as a commissioner of  the Gasfields 
Commission of  Queensland.

External appointments: Chairman 
of  TSBE; and President of  the Royal 
Agricultural Society of  Queensland.

Chairman of  Remuneration Committee 
and member of  Audit and Risk 
Committee.

Mr Mansell has extensive experience 
in the mining, corporate and energy 
sectors, both as an advisor and as an 
independent non-executive Chairman 
and Director of  listed and unlisted 
companies.

Mr Mansell practised law for a number 
of  years as a partner in corporate and 
resources law firms in each of  South 
Africa and Australia. He retired from 
legal practice in 2004 and has since 
held directorships in a number of  
companies including BWP Management 
Ltd, Foodland Associated Ltd, OZ 
Minerals Ltd, W.A. Newspaper Holdings 
Ltd (Chairman), Electricity Networks 
Corporation (trading as Western Power) 
(Chairman) and Zinifex Ltd (Chairman).

Mr Mansell also chaired the Advisory 
Board of  Pacific Aluminium Ltd in 
anticipation of  its intended float in 2014.

External appointments: Non-executive 
Chairman of  Ora Banda Mining Ltd, DRA 
Global Limited and the Cancer Research 
Trust and non-executive director of  
Foodbank Australia Limited; former  
non-executive director of  Aurecon Group 
Pty Ltd (until September 2017) and Tap  
Oil Limited (until January 2018).

2828

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD DIReCtoR's RePoRt

DIReC toRs

PAUL DowD

AnDReA sUtton

JUstIn CARey

non-exeCUtIve DIReC toR

non-exeCUtIve DIReC toR

non-exeCUtIve DIReC toR

BSC (ENG), FAUSIMM, MAICD

BE (Hons) Chemical, GradDipEcon, 
GAICD

BCom

Appointed in October 2015.

Appointed in October 2018.

Appointed in August 2019. 

Member of  Health, Safety and 
Environment Committee.

Ms Sutton served as Chief  Executive and 
Managing Director of  ERA from 2013 to 
2017. In addition to her ERA experience, 
Andrea brings almost 25 years of  
operational, technical and corporate 
experience with Rio Tinto to the ERA 
Board and was most recently the  
head of  health, safety, security and 
environment services.

External appointments: Board member 
of  Infrastructure WA, former chair of  the 
Northern Territory Minerals Council of  
Australia Management Committee; former 
member of  the Northern Territory Mining 
Advisory Council.

Mr Carey brings extensive financial, 
technical and corporate experience,  
with over 25 years’ experience in a  
variety of  commercial finance roles,  
with 20 of  those years’ experience  
within the mining industry. Included in 
that time Justin spent two and a half  
years as CFO for Oyu Tolgoi LLC based 
in Mongolia. Since leaving Mongolia 
Justin has been in the Rio Tinto corporate 
finance team, first as finance officer 
for the groups corporate entities and 
currently in leading the groups planning 
and forecasting processes as the 
General Manager Financial Planning  
& Analysis. Justin has served on  
several Rio Tinto entity boards and 
brings extensive experience in corporate 
governance and control processes.

Chair of  Health, Safety and Environment 
Committee; member of  Audit and Risk 
Committee and Remuneration Committee.

Mr Dowd is a mining engineer with 
more than 50 years’ experience in the 
mining industry, primarily in the private 
sector, but also serving in the public 
sector as head of  the Victorian Mines 
and Petroleum Departments. Mr Dowd 
has previously held senior executive 
management positions including as 
Managing Director of  Newmont Australia 
Ltd and Vice President of  Newmont 
Mining Corporation’s Australian and  
New Zealand Operations and prior to  
that as Chief  Operating Officer of  
Normandy Mining Ltd.

Mr Dowd was previously Chairman  
of  Adelaide Resources Ltd and a  
non-executive Director of  Oz Minerals 
Limited and Macarthur Coal Ltd.

External appointments: Non-executive 
Director of  PNX Metals Limited; 
Chairman of  CSIRO Minerals Resources 
Sector Advisory Council; Advisory Board 
Member of  South Australian Minerals and 
Petroleum Expert Group (SAMPEG) and 
University of  Queensland – Sustainable 
Minerals Institute.

29
29

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD DIReCtoR's RePoRt

DIReC toRs

exeCUtIve C oMMIttee

ZARA FIsHeR

PAUL ARnoLD

DAvID BLAnCH

non-exeCUtIve DIReC toR

B Com, MASc, MAICD

CHIeF exeCUtIve A nD MAnAGInG 
DIReC toR

CHIeF FInA nCIAL oFFIC eR

BA, CA, Grad Dip Applied Finance

BE (Hons) Mining, MBA, MAusIMM, MAICD

Mr Blanch was appointed as Chief  
Financial Officer in July 2018 and brings 
over 16 years’ financial, accounting and 
business development experience to ERA.

Mr Blanch brings previous experience in 
business analysis in the Rio Tinto Copper 
& Diamonds product group and has also 
worked in various financial and corporate 
roles in Rio Tinto. Mr Blanch is a Chartered 
Accountant through the Institute of  
Chartered Accountants in Australia.

Appointed in August 2016 and resigned 
in August 2019.

See biography on page 28.

Previous member of Health, Safety  
and Environment Committee (from  
January 2017).

Ms Fisher has worked in the mining 
industry for over 20 years and was formerly 
Vice President HSE for Rio Tinto Iron 
Ore. In this role she was accountable 
for the health, safety and environmental 
performance of Rio Tinto’s Iron Ore 
operations and a member of the Iron 
Ore Executive Committee. Ms Fisher 
worked with Rio Tinto in a range of roles 
in Australia and internationally in the Iron 
Ore, Aluminium, Copper, Energy and 
Minerals groups. Ms Fisher has extensive 
experience in operations, maintenance, 
strategy, corporate services and finance.

Ms Fisher holds a Bachelor of Commerce 
and a Masters of Applied Science 
(Environmental Management and 
Restoration) and is a member of the 
Australian Institute of Company Directors. 
Prior to joining Rio Tinto Ms Fisher worked 
in chartered accounting.

30
30

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD DIReCtoR's RePoRt

exeCUtIve C oMMIttee

LesLey BRyC e

JAMes o’C onneLL

ALAn tIet ZeL

GeneRAL MA nAGeR oPeRA tIons

B ENG (HONS) FIEAUST, CPENGEXEC, 
MAUSIMM, GAICD

LeGAL C oUnseL A nD CoMPAny 
seCRetARy  

LLB, BCOM

GeneRAL MA nAGeR   
exteRnAL ReLAtIons

BA, BCOM, DIP ED MBA

Ms Bryce was appointed General 
Manager Operations in June 2017.

Ms Bryce has previously worked in 
diagnostic engineering in the electronics 
industry, and Quality Management (ISO 
9001) and Business Improvement in 
the manufacturing industry. In 2005 Ms 
Bryce joined Rio Tinto working in the 
Shared Services, Aluminium and Argyle 
Diamonds sectors.

Ms Bryce brings to ERA senior level 
experience in Business Improvement, 
Operations, Projects and Planning. 

Mr O’Connell joined ERA as Legal 
Counsel in June 2017 and was appointed 
Company Secretary in August 2017.

Mr O’Connell joined Rio Tinto in 
2010, most recently acting as Senior 
Corporate Counsel in London. Before 
joining Rio Tinto, Mr O’Connell worked 
at private law firms in Melbourne and 
London. Professionally qualified in both 
Australia and the United Kingdom, he 
has Bachelor of  Laws and Bachelor 
of  Commerce degrees from Monash 
University.

Mr Tietzel was appointed as General 
Manager External Relations in July 
2010 and subsequently Chief  Advisor 
Agreements in September 2012. He 
has a background in Aboriginal land 
agreements, regional development, 
government relations, human resources 
and organisation development.

Mr Tietzel joined Rio Tinto in 1990 and 
has worked in the diamonds, salt, bauxite 
and alumina sectors and in a variety of  
corporate functions.

31
31

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD DIReCtoR's RePoRt

Meetings of Directors
The number of Directors and committee meetings held and the number of meetings attended by each of the Directors of the Company 
during the financial year are shown below:

DIRECTOR

P Mansell

P Arnold

S Charles

P Dowd

A Sutton1

J Carey2

Z Fisher3

DIRECTORS
MEETINGS4

AUDIT AND RISK 
COMMITTEE4

REMUNERATION 
COMMITTEE4

HSE COMMITTEE4

OTHER4,5

12/12

12/12

12/12

12/12

12/12

6/7

5/5

4/4

-

4/4

4/4

-

-

-

2/2

-

2/2

2/2

-

-

-

-

-

3/3

3/3

2/2

-

1/1

15/16

1/1

16/16

15/15

-

-

-

Appointed as a member of the HSE Committee 9 September 2019.
Appointed as a Director 7 August 2019.
Resigned as a Director 7 August 2019.
Number of meetings attended/maximum the Director would have attended.
Other meetings include meetings of the committee formed for the purposes of the assessment of funding alternatives.

Note 1 
Note 2 
Note 3 
Note 4 
Note 5 
Mr Arnold was invited to meetings of the Audit and Risk Committee and the Health, Safety and Environment Committee and attended 
all such meetings held during that time.

Interests of Directors
The interests of each Director in the share capital of the Company and its related body corporates as at 31 January 2020 are shown 
below: 

DIRECTORS

P Mansell

P Arnold

S Charles

P Dowd

A Sutton

J Carey1

ENERGY RESOURCES OF 
AUSTRALIA LTD  
ORDINARY SHARES

RIO TINTO LIMITED 
ORDINARY SHARES

RIO TINTO LIMITED CONDITIONAL 
INTERESTS IN ORDINARY SHARES

-

-

-

-

-

-

2,000

3,971

-

1,500

18,895

4,153

-

10,591

-

-

7,621

4,471

Note 1 

Appointed as a Director 7 August 2019.

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Remuneration report
The Remuneration Report is set out under the following main 
headings:

A. 
B. 

C. 
D. 
E. 
F. 
G. 

Board oversight of remuneration
Principles used to determine non-executive Directors’  
remuneration
Principles used to determine executive remuneration
Details of remuneration
Executive service agreements
Share based compensation
Additional information 

The information provided in the Remuneration Report has been 
audited by the Company’s independent auditor as required by 
section 308(3C) of the Corporations Act 2001.

A 
Board oversight of remuneration
The Remuneration Committee has responsibility to review:

• 

• 

• 

• 

remuneration framework and policies (including key perfor-
mance indicators) for the Company’s Chief Executive and 
senior executives;
remuneration and performance of the Company’s Chief 
Executive and senior executives;
remuneration of the Company’s non-executive Directors; 
and

remuneration disclosures made by the Company.

The Remuneration Committee Charter is available at the 
Corporate Governance section of ERA’s website. 

Principles used to determine non- 

B 
executive Directors’ remuneration
Fees and payments to non-executive Directors reflect the 
demands which are made on, and the responsibilities of, the non-
executive Directors. The Remuneration Committee reviews and 
makes recommendations to the Board regarding non-executive 
Directors’ remuneration. These fees are comprised of a base 
fee and any fees payable to non-executive Directors for their 
membership on established committees of the Board. ERA does 
not pay retirement or post-employment benefits to non-executive 
Directors, however, statutory superannuation contributions are 
paid to non-executive Directors. In addition, from time to time, 
the Board may approve that non-executive Directors receive 
additional fees for services provided outside the established 
committee processes.

The following principles are applied in determining the 
remuneration of non-executive Directors:

• 

• 
• 

• 

the responsibilities of, and time spent by, the non-executive 
Directors on the affairs of ERA, including preparation time;
acknowledgement of the personal risk borne as a Director;
comparison with professional market rates of remunera-
tion to remain competitive with the market having regard to 
companies of similar size and complexity; and
the desire to attract Directors of a high calibre with appropri-
ate levels of expertise and experience.

At the 2008 Annual General Meeting, shareholders resolved to 
amend the Constitution of the Company to provide that the  

aggregate remuneration for non-executive Directors of ERA 
would be not more than $800,000 per annum.  At the 2019 
Annual General Meeting, the 2018 Remuneration Report was 
approved with 96.25 per cent of shares voted in favour (voting 
comprised 355,929,859 votes ‘for’ the resolution and 13,882,793 
votes ‘against’ the resolution). North Limited and Peko-Wallsend 
Pty Ltd, which are both Rio Tinto entities, voted a combined total 
of 354,078,854 votes ‘for’ the resolution. The aggregate amount 
of non-executive Directors’ remuneration paid in 2019 was  
approximately $793,000 inclusive of statutory superannuation. 

The non-executive Directors’ fees were reviewed by the Board 
in January 2019. The annual fees for non-executive Directors for 
2019 (excluding superannuation) were as follows:

Chairman   

Non-executive Director

Audit and Risk Committee 
Chair1

Audit and Risk Committee 
Member1

Health, Safety and        
Environment Chair1

Health, Safety and         
Environment Committee              
Member1

Remuneration Committee 
Chair1

Other2

2019

$180,000

$100,000

2018

$172,000

$96,000

$24,000

$22,500

$13,260

$13,260

$20,400

$20,400

$13,260

$13,260

$20,400

$20,400

$13,260

-

Note 1  Fees are payable in addition to Chairman and non-executive Director fees.
Note 2  Rule 10.3 of the Company’s constitution provides that “if a Director, at the 
request of the Board and for the purposes of the Company, performs extra services 
or makes special exertions… the Company may pay that Director a fixed sum set by 
the Board for doing so.”  Given the significant number of meetings (15), additional 
travel undertaken over the period and increased demands on their time, the non-
independent directors resolved it was reasonable and appropriate to compensate the 
independent directors for their services as members of the Board Committee  
established to oversee the funding position of the Company. The compensation was a 
one-off fixed sum of $13,260 each. 

The Board also confirmed that all non-executive Director and 
Committee fees should increase by a percentage equal to the 
average increase awarded to employees across the Company 
until the next detailed review is conducted, which should take 
place in January 2021.

Principles used to determine executive 

C 
remuneration 
The Remuneration Committee is responsible for the review of, 
and where appropriate will make recommendations to the Board 
in respect of, executive remuneration.

The Corporations Act 2001 and relevant Accounting Standards 
require disclosures in respect of “key management personnel”, 
being those persons having authority and responsibility for 
planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Company.

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DIReCtoR's RePoRt

The key management personnel are, in addition to the Directors, 
the permanent General Managers of the Company (including the 
General Manager External Relations) reporting directly to the 
Chief Executive. Throughout this Remuneration Report the key 
management personnel who are not Directors are collectively 
referred to as “senior executives”.

As the Company is a member company of the Rio Tinto Group, it 
generally implements the remuneration policies and procedures 
determined by the Rio Tinto Remuneration Committee and 
applied to senior management personnel across the wider Rio 
Tinto Group to determine the remuneration of the Chief Executive 
and senior executives.

As a member of the Rio Tinto Group, ERA’s Chief Executive and 
senior executives are seconded from Rio Tinto and are hence 
drawn from the talented pool of executives in the wider Rio Tinto 
Group. It is the view of the Remuneration Committee (which has 
been endorsed by the Board) that a company of ERA’s size, 
scope and remote location would have significant difficulty in 
attracting executives of the calibre necessary to ensure superior 
performance or in retaining them for significant periods if this 
arrangement was not in place. Under these circumstances, 
the Board believes that the general application of the Rio 
Tinto remuneration framework to ERA’s Chief Executive and 
senior executives, with appropriate review by the Company’s 
Remuneration Committee, is of benefit to ERA. 

For the purposes of assessing the appropriate level of 
remuneration, the Australian resources sector is considered 
the most relevant comparator group. Additional references are 
also made to other relevant supplementary comparator groups. 
Typically, base salaries are positioned at the median of these 
comparator groups, while incentive plans are designed with the 
potential to deliver total remuneration outcomes across the full 
market range according to business and individual performance. 
The related costs of these programs are recognised in the 
Company’s financial statements.

Executive remuneration, including base salary and short and long 
term incentive plan awards, and other terms of employment are 
reviewed annually having regard to the evaluation of individual 
and business performance against goals set at the start of the 
year, global economic conditions and relevant comparative 
information. As well as base salary, remuneration packages may 
include fringe benefits such as medical insurance, car, rent and 
other allowances, superannuation, retirement entitlements and 
short and long term incentives. 

The annual performance evaluation and management process for 
2019 included formal consultation between the Chairman (based 
on the Remuneration Committee’s review and recommendations) 
and the Chief Executive, Rio Tinto Energy and Minerals 
regarding the Chief Executive of the Company, and between 
the Remuneration Committee and the Chief Executive of the 
Company regarding the senior executives. 

An annual performance evaluation of the Chief Executive and 
senior executives was undertaken in 2019.

The executive pay and reward framework is designed to provide 
a total remuneration package which is competitive in the market, 

aligns total remuneration with delivered individual and short 
and long term business performance, strikes an appropriate 
balance between fixed and variable components, links variable 
components to the achievement of challenging individual and 
business performance targets, and ensures the attraction, 
motivation and retention of the high calibre senior executives 
required to lead the Company. 

The Company Secretary of the Company is subject to the same 
executive remuneration pay and reward framework.

The executive pay and reward framework has four components:

• 
• 
• 

• 

base salary and benefits;
short term incentive plans; 
long term incentive plans through participation in the  
Rio Tinto 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (EIP), the Rio Tinto 
plan introduced in 2018 which will govern all future  
long-term, share-based remuneration, including  
management share awards (MSA), performance  
share awards (PSA) and bonus deferral awards (BDA). 
other remuneration such as superannuation.

Performance and non-performance related 
remuneration
Total remuneration is a combination of the fixed, performance 
and service related elements described in this report. The short 
and long term incentives are the variable components of the 
total remuneration package and are therefore “at risk”. They are 
tied to achievement of specific business measures, individual 
performance and service. Other components are referred to as 
“fixed” as they are not at risk.

The long term incentive plans are designed to provide a target 
expected value of between 22.5 and 45 per cent of base salary 
for the senior executives and the Chief Executive, delivered in 
any one year through a blend of PSAs, MSAs and BDAs. In 2019 
PSAs, MSAs and BDAs were awarded.

Excluding post-employment and non-monetary benefits, the 
proportion of total direct remuneration, assuming maximum 
award levels and maximum levels of performance, provided by 
way of variable at risk components as at 31 December 2019 for 
the Chief Executive and senior executives was between 48 and 
68 per cent. The actual proportion of total direct remuneration 
provided by way of variable performance related components will 
differ from these percentages depending on measured Company, 
Rio Tinto and individual performance and the current blend of 
share plans

Base salary
Base salary is set at a level consistent with market expectations 
within the wider Rio Tinto remuneration framework and may 
be delivered as a mix of cash and prescribed non-financial 
benefits. It is targeted broadly at the median of companies of 
similar size, global reach and complexity, including other large 
natural resource companies. Base salary is reviewed annually 
and adjusted taking into account the individual and Company 
performance, global economic conditions, role responsibilities,  
an assessment against comparator groups, internal relativities 

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and base salary budgets applying to the broader employee 
population.

Short term incentive plan
The short term incentive plan provides a bonus opportunity and is 
designed to support the overall remuneration policy by focusing 
management personnel on calendar year performance against 
challenging individual and business targets. 

Short term incentive performance conditions
Individual performance is reviewed against relevant targets and 
objectives annually.  The Chief Executive and senior executives 
of the Company have between 40 and 70 per cent of their 
performance-based bonus based on business measures, with the 
remainder based on individual measures. 

The short term incentive plan bonus payments disclosed in this 
report are amounts paid in 2019 relating to performance in 2018, 
as 2018 performance calculations are not finalised at the date 
of this report.  The Company’s business performance measures 
for 2018 used in the determination of short term incentive plan 
payments were:

• 

• 
• 

Safety - All Injury Frequency Rate, Lost Time Injuries and 
measures relating to implementation of critical risk manage-
ment (CRM);
Financial - net earnings and free cash flow; and
Business - drummed production, cost of material milled, 
volume and cost of material moved and Brine Concentrator 
performance.

Incentive Plans
In 2018, Rio Tinto implemented a new discretionary employee 
share plan, the Rio Tinto EIP, for executive directors and 
employees. The EIP replaced Rio Tinto’s Performance Share 
Plan (PSP) 2013, Management Share Plan (MSP) 2007 and 
Bonus Deferral Plan (BDP). This allowed Rio Tinto to continue 
operating its long-term incentive arrangements (including bonus 
deferred awards) through a single set of plan rules. As previously 
outlined, the Remuneration Committee believes that the general 
application of the Rio Tinto remuneration framework (including 
the EIP to ERA’s Chief Executive and senior executives, with 
appropriate review by the Remuneration Committee) is of benefit 
to the Company. During 2020, the Remuneration Committee will 
review the position for future years.

Awards under the EIP can take the form of:

• 

• 

Conditional Awards - under which the participant receives 
shares for free automatically to the extent the award vests 
(which may be subject to the achievement of performance 
conditions);
Forfeitable Shares - under which the participant receives 
free shares on grant, which must be given back to the extent 
the award lapses;

•  Options - under which the participant can acquire shares, to 

the extent their award has vested, either at no cost or at a 
price set when the option is granted.

Inclusion of other award types is to provide for sufficient flexibility 
in the future should the Group’s remuneration approach change 
during the life of the Plan. Awards may also be granted as cash 
awards.

An award may be granted on the basis that it will normally only 
vest to the extent that a performance condition, set by the Rio 
Tinto Remuneration Committee at the time of grant, is satisfied 
by Rio Tinto. However, awards representing deferred bonuses 
will not be subject to performance conditions. The vesting of 
awards granted to executive directors (other than bonus deferred  
awards) will always be subject to a performance condition, except 
as otherwise permitted by Rio Tinto’s Remuneration Policy.

Conditional awards and nil-cost options will be granted on the 
basis that the participant will receive dividend equivalents for 
the vesting period (in additional shares or cash) when, and to 
the extent that, the award vests or is exercised. The dividend 
equivalent will be calculated based on the aggregate value of 
dividends paid during the vesting period unless the Rio Tinto 
Remuneration Committee decides to use a different approach.

Awards will normally vest, to the extent that any performance 
condition is met, at the end of a period set when the award is 
granted or the end of the period over which any performance 
condition is tested. Shares will be issued or transferred to the 
participant (or an option may be exercised) from vesting. Vesting 
may be delayed where a participant is subject to any external 
investigation or similar circumstances.

An award may be granted on the basis that the participant is 
required to hold a net number of vested shares (or shares subject 
to an option) for a set period following vesting.

If Rio Tinto was subject to a change of control, awards will vest 
subject to the extent to which any performance condition has 
been satisfied. Alternatively, participants may be allowed or 
required to exchange their awards for equivalent awards over 
shares in the acquiring company. If awards vest, the awards 
will be pro-rated unless the Rio Tinto Remuneration Committee 
decides otherwise. However, pro rating will not apply to deferred 
bonus awards or, normally, where an award subject to a 
performance condition vests on or after the third anniversary of 
grant.

Awards
The current intention remains that awards will be made under 
the EIP in the form of Conditional Awards to replicate awards 
previously made under the PSP, MSP and BDP and in line with 
the Rio Tinto Group’s Remuneration Policy.

Performance Share Awards
Performance share awards (PSA), provide a conditional right 
to Rio Tinto shares to eligible senior management personnel 
within the Rio Tinto Group, including the Chief Executive and 
senior executives of ERA.  Award levels under the EIP are at the 
discretion of Rio Tinto.

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The conditional awards only vest if the performance condition set 
by the Rio Tinto Remuneration Committee is satisfied by Rio Tinto, 
although the Rio Tinto Remuneration Committee retains discretion 
to satisfy itself that satisfaction of the performance condition is a 
genuine reflection of the underlying performance  
of the business. Prior to the vesting of conditional awards, 
Rio Tinto’s Total Shareholder Return (TSR) performance  
against the performance condition is calculated independently  
by Willis Towers Watson.

Subject to Rio Tinto Remuneration Committee approval, awards 
vest based on the Rio Tinto Group’s TSR performance against 
the Morgan Stanley Capital World Index (one half) and the 
EMIX Global Mining Index (one half), relative to global mining 
comparators. This is reviewed at 31 December of the fifth year  
of the grant. The level of vesting depends on performance  
against the indices.

Management Share Awards
Management share awards (MSA) are conditional grants of  
Rio Tinto shares to eligible employees of the company which will 
vest, wholly or partly, upon expiry of a three year vesting period. 
Rio Tinto shares to satisfy the vesting are purchased in the market. 
Award levels under the EIP are at the discretion of Rio Tinto.

Other Share Plans
All employees of the company may participate in Rio Tinto share 
purchase plans applicable at particular locations. Under the plan, 
employees may acquire shares up to the value of US$5,000 
(or local currency equivalent) per year capped at 10 per cent 
of their base salary. Each share purchased will be matched by 
the Company (currently at a ratio of one for one) providing the 
participant holds the shares and remains employed at the end  
of the three year vesting period. Further details are at Note 30  
to the Financial Statements.

Share dealing policy
The participation of the Chief Executive and senior executives 
in the Rio Tinto share plans involving the awarding of Rio Tinto 
securities at a future date, and any grants of shares and options 
under these plans, is subject to and conditional upon compliance 
with the terms of the “Rules for dealing in securities of Rio Tinto” 
(Dealing Rules). The Dealing Rules for dealing expressly prohibit 
the limiting of exposure to economic risk in relation to such 
securities, and are available on the Rio Tinto website at  
www.riotinto.com.

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Details of remuneration

D 
Details of the remuneration of each non-executive and executive Director and each of the senior executives in respect of their 
services to the Company are set out in the following table.

Non-executive Directors of Energy Resources of Australia Ltd

SHORT TERM BENEFITS

POST EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS

DIRECTORS 
FEES 
($000)

CASH
BONUS 
($000)

NON- CASH 
BENEFITS
($000)

SUPER- 
ANNUATION
($000)

TOTAL
($000)

P Mansell

S Charles

P Dowd

A Sutton 1,2,3

J Carey1,4

Z Fisher1.5

K McLeish1,6

S Kaufman 1,7

Total 2019

Total 2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2019

2018

2018

2018

227

205

151

132

147

130

104

16

40

68

109

35

45

737

672

-

 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Note 1 
Note 2 
Note 3 
Note 4 
Note 5 
Note 6 
Note 7 

Amounts paid directly to Rio Tinto Limited (amounts paid directly to Ms Sutton from 10 May 2019). 
Appointed as a Director 30 October 2018. 
Appointed as a member of the Health, Safety and Environment Committee 9 September 2019. 
Appointed as a Director 7 August 2019.
Resigned as a Director 7 August 2019.
Appointed as a Director 19 June 2018 and resigned as a Director 30 October 2018.
Resigned as a Director 19 June 2018.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

22

20

14

12

14

12

6

-

-

-

-

-

-

56

44

249

225

165

144

161

142

110

16

40

68

109

35

45

793

716

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ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD LTIP awards granted
Award levels are set so as to incentivise executives to provide 
sufficient retention for the executive team and to contribute 
to the competitiveness of the overall remuneration package. 
The value of the MSAs and PSAs granted to Mr Arnold in 
2019, based on the expected value calculations performed 
by individual advisors, was 45  per cent of base salary. The 
eventual amount that vests will depend on performance during 
the period 2019 to 2023.

DIReCtoR's RePoRt

Executive Director and senior executives
Set out below is an overview of the remuneration paid to the 
Executive Director and senior executives in 2019. This includes 
details of the key elements of remuneration and a summary of 
total remuneration for 2019.

Paul Arnold 
(Chief Executive and Managing Director from 2 August 
2017)
Base salary
Mr Arnold was appointed as Chief Executive and Managing 
Director on 2 August 2017. Mr Arnold’s base salary was reviewed 
annually with reference to the underlying performance of ERA 
and the Rio Tinto Group, global economic conditions, role 
responsibility, individual performance, an assessment against 
relevant comparator groups, internal relativities and base salary 
budgets applying to the broader employee population. 

On 1 March 2019, Mr Arnold’s base salary was $387,329  
(1 March 2018 $378,000).

STIP objectives
The STIP cash payment made to Mr Arnold in 2019 was 
determined by assessing individual and business performance in 
2018 against objectives set for that year.

The following individual objectives were set for Mr Arnold for 
2018:

• 

• 

• 

safe and predictable operations with particular emphasis on 
process safety, asset integrity, productivity, output, quality, 
costs and cash flow;
effective implementation of strategies for water manage-
ment, other environmental controls and progressive 
rehabilitation and dredging operations, including stable and 
consistent operation of Brine Concentrator; and
effective leadership behaviours in interaction with employ-
ees, the Board and stakeholders including Traditional Own-
ers, regulators, investors and the community.

STIP outcomes
Mr Arnold’s achievement against his 2018 individual objectives 
was assessed as ‘good’.

 ‘good’.  DDetailed outcomes are below:

• 

• 

• 
• 
• 

• 

a decrease in the All Injury Frequency Rate to 0.56 (2017; 
1.17);
production of 1,999 tonnes of uranium oxide was  
at the top end of market guidance; 
Ranger rehabilitation program progressed to schedule;
strong cash management focus of cash reserves;
optimised availability and throughput of the Brine Concentra-
tor, including injection of brine into Pit 3 backfill; and
continued progress with key stakeholders regarding rehabili-
tation of the Ranger Project Area.

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Total remuneration
The table below provides a summary of Mr Arnold’s total remuneration disclosed for the years of 2018 and 2019. The purpose of 
this table is to enable shareholders to better understand the actual remuneration received and to provide an overview of the actual 
outcomes of the Company’s remuneration arrangements. The remuneration details set out on page 42 include theoretical accounting 
values relating to various parts of the remuneration packages, most notably long term incentive plan arrangements. Accordingly, the 
numbers below are not compatible with those in the table on page 42.

(STATED IN $’000)

Base salary paid1

STIP cash bonus2

STIP deferred shares3

LTIP share based payments

Superannuation

Other benefits4

Total remuneration 

% change from previous year

% of maximum STIP cash bonus awarded

% of maximum STIP cash bonus forfeited

2019

2018

385

144

48

190

29

162

958

3%

51%

49%

377

170

57

135

30

164

933

-

69%

31%

Note 1 
Note 2 
Note 3 
Note 4 

Salaries are reviewed with effect from 1 March. 
Bonus payment relates to prior year performance.   
Value of deferred share awards granted under the EIP.  
Other benefits include accommodation, vehicle and other allowances and Company paid superannuation above statutory requirements that is taken as cash.  

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Senior executives
Base salary
Base salaries are reviewed annually, with reference to the underlying performance of ERA, the Rio Tinto Group and the individual, 
global economic conditions, role responsibility, an assessment against relevant comparator groups and base salary budgets applying 
to the broader employee population.

At the end of 2018 and 2019, the base salaries of the Company’s senior executives were:

BASE SALARY A’$000 (UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED)

David Blanch

Lesley Bryce

Alan Tietzel

2019

2018

 CHANGE

247

315

371

240

288

366

3%

9%

1%

STIP objectives and outcomes
The individual objectives set out below relate to the 2018 financial year (with the corresponding STIP Award paid in 2019).

SUMMARY OF INDIVIDUAL OBJECTIVES

• 
• 

• 
• 

• 

• 
• 

• 
• 

• 

• 
• 

• 
• 

• 
• 

• 

Prevention of high consequence safety and environmental events
Demonstrate Health, Safety and Environment leadership and contribute to sustained 
improvement in health and safety performance
Achieve target metrics for production and cost, plant utilisation, availability and recovery
Delivery of planned rehabilitation activities in accordance with the Ranger Mine Closure Plan, 
including dredging and tailings deposition in Pit 3
Demonstrate behaviours that align with the values of accountability, teamwork, integrity and 
respect

Prevention of high consequence safety and environmental events
Demonstrate Health, Safety and Environment leadership and contribute to sustained 
improvement in health and safety performance
Continue effective implementation of stakeholder engagement strategy
Design, plan and deliver stakeholder initiatives which progress the Company’s direction on 
Ranger closure planning and the future of Jabiru
Demonstrate behaviours that align with the values of accountability, teamwork, integrity and 
Respect

Prevention of high consequence safety and environmental events
Demonstrate Health, Safety and Environment leadership and contribute to sustained 
improvement in health and safety performance
Lead the program management for cash generation and cost improvement across ERA
Deliver efficient and effective commercial support services to ERA, including IT and 
procurement
Deliver excellence in accounting, performance reporting and financial forecasting
Lead ERA’s sales and logistics planning, maximizing the value of ERA’s marketing 
arrangements
Demonstrate behaviours that align with the values of accountability, teamwork, integrity and 
respect

Lesley Bryce

Alan Tietzel

David Blanch

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A summary of the individual targets and performance for each of the Company’s senior executives (other than the Chief Executive) for 
the 2018 financial year (with the corresponding STIP Award paid in 2019) is set out in the table below. 

MEASURES

Lesley Bryce

Business and financial performance

Health and Safety

Individual

Total

Alan Tietzel

Business and financial performance

Health and Safety

Individual

Total

David Blanch

Business and financial performance

Health and Safety

Individual

Total

WEIGHT (%)

RESULT 
(OUT OF 
200%)

WEIGHTED 
RESULT (%)

25.0

15.0

60.0

100.0

25.0

15.0

60.0

100.0

25.0

15.0

60.0

100.0

121.4

163.0

145.0

-

121.4

163.0

110.0

-

121.4

163.0

115.0

-

30.4

24.4

87.0

141.8

30.4

24.4

66.0

120.8

30.4

24.4

69.0

123.8

LTIP awards
Award levels are set so as to incentivise executives to provide sufficient retention for the executive team and to contribute to  
the competitiveness of the overall remuneration package. The value of the awards granted to the Company’s senior executives  
(other than the Chief Executive) in 2019, based on the fair value calculations performed by independent advisors, was between  
22.5 per cent and 30 per cent of base salary.  

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Executive Director and senior executives total remuneration

SHORT TERM BENEFITS 

CASH 
SALARY
($000)

CASH
BONUS6
($000)

OTHER7
($000)

TERMINATION 
PAYMENTS 
($000)

POST 
EMPLOYMENT 
BENEFITS

SHARE 
BASED 
PAYMENTS

SUPER-
ANNUATION
PENSION
($000)

CASH & 
EQUITY 
SETTLED
($000)

Executive Director

P Arnold1

Senior executives

D Blanch2

L Bryce3

A Tietzel4

J May5

Total 2019

Total 2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

2018

385

377

246

120

307

283

369

365

136

1,307

1,281

144

170

74

-

123

102

133

129

89

474

490

162

164

116

90

118

128

104

102

47

500

531

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

29

30

53

35

29

30

29

30

57

140

182

190

135

49

15

85

53

141

119

31

465

353

TOTAL
($000)

910

876

538

260

662

596

776

745

360

2,886

2,837

Note 1 
Note 2 
Note 3 
Note 4 
Note 5 
Note 6 
Note 7 

Performance related cash bonus: 51 per cent awarded in 2019, 49 per cent forfeited. 69 per cent awarded in 2018, 31 per cent forfeited. 
Performance related cash bonus: 62 per cent awarded in 2019, 38 per cent forfeited. Salary paid in 2018 financial year from 2 July to 31 December 2018.
Performace related cash bonus: 71 per cent awarded in 2019,  29 per cent forfeited. 63 per cent awarded in 2018, 37 per cent forfeited. 
Performance related cash bonus: 60 per cent awarded in 2019, 40 per cent forfeited. 61 per cent awarded in 2018, 39 per cent forfeited.
Salary paid in financial year from 1 January 2018 to 1 June 2018. Performance related cash bonus: 74 per cent awarded in 2018, 26 per cent forfeited. 
Performance and related bonuses paid in 2019 relate to services in 2018 (equally bonuses paid in 2018 relate to services in 2017). 
 Other benefits include relocation, accommodation, travel, vehicle, other allowances, Company paid superannuation above statutory requirement that is taken as 
cash excluding cash paid site allowances which are treated as cash salary.

The value of share based awards has been determined in accordance with the recognition and measurement requirements of AASB2 
“Share-based Payment”.  The fair value of awards granted under the Rio Tinto 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, the Rio Tinto Management 
Share Plan (MSP), Bonus Deferral Plan (BDP), Performance Share Plan (PSP) and myShare has been calculated at their dates of 
grant using valuation models provided by external consultants Lane Clark and Peacock LLP, including an independent lattice-based 
option valuation model and a Monte Carlo valuation model which takes into account the constraints on vesting and exercise attached 
to these awards.

42
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Executive service agreements

E 
Remuneration and other terms of employment for the Chief Executive and senior executives are formalised in service agreements. 
These agreements provide for participation in the Rio Tinto short and long term incentive plans upon achieving performance and 
service goals. The agreements may also provide for other benefits, including: medical insurance, vehicle and accommodation 
allowances, relocation allowances and expenses and travel allowances.

The Chief Executive and senior executives are also entitled to a range of pre-existing redundancy entitlements, depending on the 
business and region from where they were originally employed within the Rio Tinto Group. These include:

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

notice may be worked or fully or partly paid in lieu, at ERA’s discretion;
additional capped service related payments may apply;
pro rata short term incentive plan payments may be paid based on the proportion of the performance period worked;
conditional share awards granted and held for less than three years at the date of termination are reduced pro-rata;
conditional share awards held for less than three years at date of termination are reduced pro-rata;
there is no contractual entitlement to payments in the event of a change of control; and
other major provisions of the agreements relating to remuneration as set out below.

P Arnold - Chief Executive 
Term of agreement - Open, commenced 2 August 2017
Base salary (excluding superannuation, allowances and other benefits) as at 31 December 2019 of $387,329 per annum. Maximum 
short term incentive bonus upon meeting performance criteria is 100 per cent of base salary. Base salary and short term incentive 
targets are to be reviewed annually. Termination by the employee is three months’ notice in writing or by the employer giving six 
months’ notice or equivalent payment in lieu of notice. 

In addition to Mr Arnold’s service agreement, ERA has entered into a secondment agreement with Rio Tinto in relation to Mr Arnold’s 
services to ERA. The secondment agreement provides that ERA can end Mr Arnold’s secondment by giving Rio Tinto three months’ 
notice at any time. Rio Tinto can end Mr Arnold’s secondment by giving three months’ notice to ERA provided such notice can be 
given no earlier than 2 May 2020.

L Bryce - General Manager Operations
Term of agreement - Open, commenced 1 June 2017
Base salary (excluding superannuation, allowances and other benefits) as at 31 December 2019 of $315,000 per annum. Maximum 
short term incentive bonus upon meeting performance criteria is 60 per cent of base salary. Base salary and short term incentive 
targets to be reviewed annually. Termination by the employee is three months’ notice in writing or by the employer giving six months’ 
notice or equivalent payment in lieu of notice.

D Blanch - Chief Financial Officer
Term of agreement - Open, commenced 2 July 2018
Base salary (excluding superannuation, allowances and other benefits) as at 31 December 2019 of $247,200 per annum. Maximum 
short term incentive bonus upon meeting performance criteria is 50 per cent of base salary. Base salary and short term incentive 
targets to be reviewed annually. Termination by the employee is three months’ notice in writing or by the employer giving six months’ 
notice or equivalent payment in lieu of notice.

A Tietzel - General Manager External Relations
Term of agreement - Open, commenced 1 October 2010
Base salary (excluding superannuation, allowances and other benefits) as at 31 December 2019 of $370,515 per annum. Maximum 
term incentive bonus upon meeting performance criteria is 60 per cent of base salary. Base salary and short term incentive targets to 
be reviewed annually. Termination by the employee is three months’ notice in writing or by the employer giving six months’ notice or 
equivalent payment in lieu of notice.

43
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F 

Share based compensation 

Rio Tinto Performance Share Awards 
Rio Tinto Performance Share Awards (PSA) are granted at the discretion of the Rio Tinto Remuneration Committee in line with 
Rio Tinto guidelines. 100 per cent potentially vest after five years. PSAs have been granted under either the previous Rio Tinto 
Performance Share Plan or, for awards granted from 2018, granted under the EIP. The terms and conditions of each right to Rio Tinto 
Limited or Rio Tinto plc shares affecting remuneration in this or future reporting periods are as follows:

AWARD DATE

Rio Tinto Limited 

11 March 2016

9 March 2017

15 May 2018

18 March 2019

MARKET PRICE AT AWARD

PERFORMANCE PERIOD 
ENDS1

MARKET PRICE AT  
31 DECEMBER 2019

$44.57

$58.97

$83.61

$93.17

31 December 2020

31 December 2021

31 December 2022

31 December 2023

$100.40

$100.40

$100.40

$100.40

Note 1 

Vesting dependent upon continued employment with a Rio Tinto Group company and achievement of relevant performance conditions.

Rio Tinto Management Share Awards
Rio Tinto Management Share Awards (MSA) are granted at the discretion of the Rio Tinto Remuneration Committee in line with 
Rio Tinto guidelines. MSAs have been granted under either the previous Rio Tinto Management Share Plan or, for awards granted 
from 2018, granted under the EIP. The terms and conditions of each right to Rio Tinto Limited or Rio Tinto plc shares affecting 
remuneration in this or future reporting periods are as follows:

AWARD DATE

Rio Tinto Limited 

9 March 2017

15 May 2018

18 March 2019

MARKET PRICE  
AT AWARD

PERFORMANCE PERIOD 
ENDS1

PRICE AT  
31 DECEMBER 2019

$58.97

$83.61

$93.17

18 February 2020

15 February 2021

21 February 2022

$100.40

$100.40

$100.40

Note 1  

Vesting dependent upon continued employment with a Rio Tinto Group company.

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Rio Tinto Bonus Deferral Awards
Rio Tinto Bonus Deferral Awards (BDA) are granted at the discretion of the Rio Tinto Remuneration Committee in line with Rio Tinto 
guidelines. BDAs have been granted under either the previous Rio Tinto Bonus Deferral Plan or, for awards granted from 2018, under 
the EIP. The terms and conditions of each right to Rio Tinto Limited shares affecting remuneration in this or future reporting periods 
are as follows:

AWARD DATE

Rio Tinto Limited 

15 May 2018

18 March 2019

MARKET PRICE AT AWARD

VESTING DATE1

PRICE AT  
31 DECEMBER 2019

$83.61

$93.17

1 December 2020

1 December 2021

$100.40

$100.40

Note 1 

Vesting dependent upon continued employment with a Rio Tinto Group company.

Share based compensation – Rio Tinto employee share schemes
The key management personnel and Directors of the Company who elected to participate in the Rio Tinto myShare share purchase 
plan as at 31 December 2019 are set out below: 

P Arnold

D Blanch

L Bryce

J Carey

A Tietzel

Rio Tinto myShare

Rio Tinto myShare

Rio Tinto myShare

Rio Tinto myShare

Rio Tinto myShare

Equity instrument disclosures relating to key management personnel 
Options provided as remuneration
Details of options over ordinary shares in Rio Tinto Limited and Rio Tinto plc held during the year and provided as remuneration to key 
management personnel in respect of their service to ERA (or, in the case of non-executive Directors, to Rio Tinto) are set out below. 
When exercisable, each option is convertible into one ordinary share of Rio Tinto Limited or Rio Tinto plc.

BALANCE AT  
START OF  
THE YEAR OR  
ON JOINING1

BALANCE AT END  
OF THE YEAR3

GRANTED 
AS REMUN-
ERATION

EXERCISED 
DURING THE 
YEAR

OTHER 
CHANGES2

VESTED & 
EXER- 
CISABLE

UNVESTED

Rio Tinto Limited

Non-executive Directors4

A Sutton

2019

2018

1,158

1,158

-

-

(1,158)

-

-

-

-

1,158

-

-

Note 1 
Note 2 

Note 3 
Note 4 

Where key management personnel joined during the year, balance at start of the year reflects holdings at time of commencement with ERA.
Other changes and end of year balance include changes made in relation to awards for service within the wider Rio Tinto Group, including before joining or after 
ceasing with ERA, and forfeited options where conditions were not met. 
Where key management personnel left prior to the end of the year, the balance reflects the holding at the time of resignation.
Changes to balances for non-executive Directors do not relate to remuneration for services provided to the Company. 

45
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Conditional awards provided as remuneration
Rio Tinto 2018 Equity Incentive Plan
No conditional awards of ordinary shares of either ERA or of Rio Tinto Limited or Rio Tinto plc were provided during the year as 
remuneration for services provided to ERA to any of the non-executive Directors. Details of conditional awards of ordinary shares in 
Rio Tinto Limited and Rio Tinto plc held during the year and provided as remuneration to the Chief Executive and senior executives of 
ERA in respect of their duties as officers of ERA are set out below. When exercisable, each award converts into one ordinary share of 
Rio Tinto Limited or Rio Tinto plc.  

BALANCE  
AT START OF THE 
YEAR OR ON JOINING1

GRANTED AS 
REMUN-
ERATION VESTED LAPSED

AWARDS 
CANCELLED

OTHER 
CHANGES2

BALANCE 
AT END 
OF YEAR3

Rio Tinto Limited

Executive Director

P Arnold

Senior executives

L Bryce

D Blanch

A Tietzel

J May

Non-executive Directors4

A Sutton

J Carey

Z Fisher

K McLeish

S Kaufman

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

2018

2019

2018

2019

2019

2018

2018

2018

8,837

5,754

2,610

1,880

1,533

1,533

5,866

6,325

3,643

19,515

21,019

4,471

14,115

11,268

25,397

23,603

3,713

(1,959)

4,877

(1,794)

1,189

1,318

736

-

(675)

(588)

(336)

-

1,583

(2,126)

1,865

(2,181)

966

(1,043)

(7,778)

(1,660)

-

(1,869)

(1,627)

-

(1,621)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(143)

(45)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10,591

8,837

3,124

2,610

1,933

1,533

5,323

5,866

3,521

(4,116)

7,621

156

19,515

-

4,471

3,447

4,474

15,693

14,115

-

25,397

15,618

37,600

Note 1 
Note 2 

Note 3 
Note 4 

Where key management personnel joined during the year, balance at start of the year reflects holdings at time of commencement with ERA.
Other changes and end of year balance include changes made in relation to awards for service within the wider Rio Tinto Group, including before joining or after 
ceasing with ERA, and Rio Tinto Rights Issue adjustments to accrued balances. 
When key management personnel left prior to the end of the year, the balance reflects holdings at the date of resignation.
Changes to balances for non-executive Directors do not relate to remuneration for services provided to ERA.

46
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Shareholdings 
The number of shares held in ERA or Rio Tinto Limited during the financial year by each Director of ERA are set out below.

Rio Tinto Limited

P Mansell

P Arnold

A Sutton

P Dowd

J Carey

Z Fisher

S Kaufman

K McLeish

BALANCE  
AT START OF  
THE YEAR1

INCREASED 
DURING  
THE YEAR

OTHER CHANGES 
DURING THE  
THE YEAR

BALANCE  
AT END OF  
THE YEAR2

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2019

2018

2018

2018

2,000

2,000

2,713

704

9,937

9,937

1,500

1,744

4,100

3,708

4,162

2,944

6,019

-

-

2,619

2,009

9,373

1,600

-

-

42

2,127

1,832

1,721

56

-

-

(650)

-

(415)

(1,600)

-

(244)

-

(1,200)

(2,286)

-

-

2,000

2,000

4,682

2,713

18,895

9,937

1,500

1,500

4,142

4,635

3,708

4,665

6,075

Note 1 
Note 2 

Where a Director was appointed during the year, balance reflects holdings at the time of commencement with the Company. 
Where a Director resigned during the year, balance reflects holdings at time of resignation as a Director of the Company.

G 

Additional information

Loans and other transactions with Directors and other key management personnel
There are no loans with Directors and other key management personnel. Other transactions with Director related entities are 
disclosed in Note 24 – Related parties.

47
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Principal activities
The principal activities of the Company during the course of the year 
consisted of the mining, processing and sale of uranium oxide.

Dividends
No dividends have been paid by ERA to members in respect of 
the 2019 financial year (2018: nil).

Operating and financial review
Details of ERA’s review and results of operations are included 
in the Chairman’s Report (page 4), the Chief Executive’s Report 
(page 5) and the Financial Performance (page 7) and Operations 
and Rehabilitation (page 9) sections.

Significant changes to the state of affairs
In the opinion of the Directors, other than matters reported in the 
Directors’ Report, the Chairman’s Report and the Chief Executive’s 
Report, there were no significant changes in the state of affairs of 
the Company during the year ended 31 December 2019.

Matters subsequent to the end of the financial 
year
On 15 November 2019, the Company announced a pro-rata 
renounceable entitlement offer of 6.13 new fully paid ERA 
ordinary shares to fund its rehabilitation obligations for the 
Ranger Project Area (Entitlement Offer).  The terms and 
conditions of the Entitlement Offer are set out in an Offer 
Information Booklet released on 15 November 2019.

The Entitlement Offer was fully underwritten by North Limited (the 
Underwriter or North), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Rio Tinto, 
pursuant to an Underwriting Agreement dated 15 November 2019 
(Underwriting Agreement).  

On 11 December 2019, the Takeovers Panel (Initial Panel) made 
a declaration of unacceptable circumstances and orders in 
relation to an application dated 18 November 2019 by Zentree 
Investments Limited in relation to the affairs of ERA.  Copies of 
the Initial Panel’s declaration and orders are reproduced on the 
Panel’s website at:

http://www.takeovers.gov.au/content/Media_Releases/2019/
downloads/MR19-078.pdf   

On 13 December 2019, Rio Tinto lodged an application for a 
review of the Initial Panel’s decision.  On 20 January 2020, the 
review Panel (Review Panel) affirmed the decision of the Initial 
Panel to make a declaration of unacceptable circumstances and 
varied the Initial Panel’s orders.  Copies of the Review Panel’s 
declaration and the variations ordered by the Review Panel are 
reproduced on the Panel’s website at: 

https://www.takeovers.gov.au/content/Media_Releases/2020/
downloads/MR20-005.pdf

New shares under the Entitlement Offer were issued on  
25 February 2020. Following the issue of the new shares to  
Rio Tinto under the Entitlement Offer and Underwriting 
Agreement, Rio Tinto’s relevant interests in the Company 
increased from 68.4 to 86.3 per cent.

Other than detailed above, there has not arisen in the interval 
between the end of the year and the date of this report any item, 
transaction or event of a material nature that has significantly 
affected or may significantly affect:

• 
• 
• 

the operations of the Company; 
the results of those operations; or
the state of affairs of the Company subsequent to the  
financial year ended 31 December 2019. 

Likely developments
In the opinion of the Directors, any likely developments in the 
operations of the Company known at the date of this report have 
been covered within the Annual Report and Notes to the financial 
statements.

A general review of developments for ERA is presented in the 
Operations and Rehibilitation section on page 9.

Annual General Meeting
The 2020 Annual General Meeting will be held on 6 May 2020 in 
Darwin, in the Northern Territory of Australia. Notices of the 2020 
Annual General Meeting will be set out in separate letters to the 
shareholders of the Company. 

Indemnification
Clause 11 of the Company’s constitution provides that every 
Director, manager, officer or employee of the Company shall be 
indemnified out of the funds of the Company against all liability 
incurred by them in defending any proceedings in which they are 
successful. 

The Corporations Act 2001 prohibits a company from 
indemnifying Directors, secretaries, executive officers and 
auditors from liability except for liability to a party, other than the 
Company or a related body corporate, where the liability does not 
arise out of conduct involving a lack of good faith and except for 
liability for costs and expenses incurred in defending proceedings 
in which the officer or auditor is successful. An indemnity for 
officers or employees who are not Directors, secretaries or 
executive officers, is not expressly prohibited by the Corporations 
Act 2001.

The Directors and Company Secretary of the Company, and all 
former Directors and Company Secretaries, have the benefit of 
the indemnity in Clause 11 of the Company’s constitution.

The indemnity also applies to executive officers of the Company 
(being the senior executives and managers who are concerned 
with, or take part in the management of the Company) as well as 
other employees.

Insurance
Since the end of the previous financial year, the Company has 
paid insurance premiums in respect of a Directors’ and officers’ 
liability policy of insurance.

The policy indemnifies all Directors and officers of ERA (including 
the Directors, Company Secretaries, and executive officers 
referred to above) against certain liabilities.

48
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In accordance with common commercial practice, the insurance 
policy prohibits disclosure of the nature of the liability insured 
against and the amount of the premium.

Environmental regulation and policy
ERA strives to be at the forefront of environmental management 
in the uranium industry. It operates in accordance with relevant 
Commonwealth and Northern Territory environmental legislation 
as well as site specific environmental licences, permits and 
statutory authorisations. ERA’s environmental management 
system is ISO14001 compliant.

ERA is required to report any incident that is a divergence from 
strict compliance with statutory requirements, even if the incident 
has no detrimental environmental impact, and reports are made 
to the Department of Primary Industry and Resources (Northern 
Territory); the Supervising Scientist Branch of the Commonwealth 
Department of Environment; the Northern Land Council; the 
Commonwealth Department of Industry, Science, Energy 
and Resources and the Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation 
(representatives of the Mirarr Traditional Owners).

ERA’s commitment to protect the environment in 2019 was 
overseen by the Supervising Scientist Branch, which conducts 
extensive monitoring and research programs on the Ranger 
Project Area and Jabiluka Mineral Lease. 

There were no prosecutions commenced or fines incurred in 
respect of ERA’s environmental performance during 2019.       
The environment remained protected throughout the period. 

Corporate governance
The Board of ERA considers high standards of corporate 
governance to be critical to business integrity and performance. 
The corporate governance structures and practices in place 
at ERA are substantially in compliance with the 3rd Edition of 
the Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations 
developed by the ASX Corporate Governance Council (Council).

Areas where the corporate governance practices of ERA do not 
follow the Council’s recommendations arise due to Rio Tinto’s 
86.3 per cent ownership of the Company and the management, 
direction, services and support this provides. The extent to 
which the Company does not comply is detailed in the Corporate 
Governance Statement on pages 52 to 55.

Rounding of amounts
The Company is of a kind referred to in ASIC Class Order 
2016/191 and in accordance with that Class Order amounts 
in the financial statements and Directors’ Report have been 
rounded to the nearest thousand dollars, unless otherwise 
indicated.

Auditor
PricewaterhouseCoopers is the auditor of the Company. No 
person who was an officer of the Company during the year was 
a former partner or director of the auditor. Each of the Directors 
at the time this report was approved has confirmed that, so far as 
he or she is aware:

• 

• 

there is no relevant audit information (ie information needed 
by the auditor in connection with preparing its report) of 
which the auditor is unaware and; 

he or she has taken all steps that they ought to have taken 
as a Director in order to make himself or herself aware of any 
relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor is 
aware of that information.

Non audit services
The Company may decide to employ the auditor on assignments 
additional to its statutory audit duties where the auditor’s 
expertise and experience with the Company are important.

Details of the amounts paid or payable to the auditor for audit 
services are set out below.

The Board of Directors has considered the position and, in 
accordance with the advice received from the Audit and Risk 
Committee, is satisfied that the provision of non-audit services 
is compatible with the general standard of independence for the 
auditor imposed by the Corporations Act 2001. 

All non-audit services are reviewed by the Audit and Risk 
Committee to ensure they do not impact on the impartiality 
and objectivity of the auditor and do not undermine the general 
principles relating to auditor’s independence as set out in 
Professional Statement F1, including reviewing or auditing the 
auditor’s own work, acting in a management or decision making 
capacity for the Company, acting as advocate for the Company 
or jointly sharing economic risks and rewards. Accordingly, the 
Directors have satisfied themselves that the provision of non-
audit services by the auditor does not compromise the auditor 
independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2001.

During the year, the following fees were paid or payable for 
services provided by the auditor of the Company, its related 
practices and non-audit related firms.

PricewaterhouseCoopers Australia

Audit and review of financial reports 

275

290

2019 
$000

2018 
$000

Audit and review of financial reports

(additional prior year fees)

Total remuneration for audit  
services

Other non-audit related services

Total Remuneration

65

340

316

656

10

300

-

300

49
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ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD DIReCtoR's RePoRt

Information on Auditor
PricewaterhouseCoopers continues in office in accordance with Section 327 of the Corporations Act 2001.

A copy of the auditor’s independence declaration as required under section 307C of the Corporations Act 2001 is set out on page 51.

Signed at Perth this 6th March 2020 in accordance with a resolution of the Directors.

P Mansell
Director
Perth
6 March 2020

50
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ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD AUDItoR's InDePenDenCe DeCLARAtIon

Auditor’s Independence Declaration 
As lead auditor for the audit of Energy Resources of Australia Ltd for the year ended 31 December 
2019, I declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief, there have been:  

(a)

no contraventions of the auditor independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 in
relation to the audit; and

(b)

no contraventions of any applicable code of professional conduct in relation to the audit.

Charles Christie 
Partner 
PricewaterhouseCoopers 

Melbourne 
6 March 2020 

PricewaterhouseCoopers, ABN 52 780 433 757 
2 Riverside Quay, SOUTHBANK  VIC  3006, GPO Box 1331, MELBOURNE  VIC  3001 
T: 61 3 8603 1000, F: 61 3 8603 1999, www.pwc.com.au 

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation. 

5151

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD CoRPoRAte GoveRnAnCe stAteMent

The Board of ERA considers high standards of corporate 
governance to be critical to business integrity and performance 
and to maximise the overall long term return to shareholders. 
The Board seeks to ensure that ERA meets the objectives of 
its shareholders, while paying proper regard to the interests of 
employees and external stakeholders. 

The corporate governance structures and practices in place 
at ERA are substantially in compliance with the 3rd Edition of 
the Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations 
(Principles) developed by the ASX Corporate Governance 
Council (Council).

The Board has considered the Council’s Principles, and ERA 
did not comply with the following recommendation for the whole 
of the reporting period: 

• 

Recommendation 2.4 – there was not a majority of 
independent Directors.

As explained further below, the Board considers that this is 
appropriate. This Corporate Governance Statement is current as 
at 6 March 2020 and has been approved by the Board of ERA.

Board responsibilities and charter
In carrying out its responsibilities and powers, the Board at all 
times recognises its overriding responsibility to act honestly, 
fairly, diligently and in accordance with the law in serving the 
interests of the ERA’s shareholders and employees and the 
community.

The Board Charter underpins the strategic guidance and 
effective management oversight provided by the Board, and 
defines the division of responsibility between Board and 
management by formal delegation and a system of Board 
reserve powers. 

Other than as specifically reserved to the Board in the Board 
Charter, responsibility for the management of ERA’s business 
is delegated to the Chief Executive who is accountable to the 
Board.

The Board approves strategy and business plans and monitors 
the performance of ERA against these plans. The Board also 
monitors compliance with policies prescribed by the Board in 
areas such as health and safety, environment, business ethics, 
internal control and risk management. These policies are 
designed to ensure that ERA meets or exceeds the regulatory 
requirements governing its operations. 

In addition to the matters expressly required by law to be 
approved by the Board, the powers specifically reserved for the 
Board are as follows:

confirming the appointment and removal of a Chief 
Executive proposed by Rio Tinto and the terms and 
conditions of the Chief Executive’s employment;
appointment and removal of a Company Secretary;
appointment of the Chairman of the Board and members of 
Board Committees;
any matters set out in the Schedule of Matters Reserved 
for Decision or Consideration by the Board; and

• 

• 
• 

• 

5252

• 

approval, subject to the Constitution, the Corporations Act 
2001 and the ASX Listing Rules, of each of the following:

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 
(iv) 

(v) 

(vi) 
(vii) 

(viii) 

the issue of new shares or other securities in  
the Company;
incurring of debt (other than trade creditors  
incurred in the normal course of business);
capital expenditure in excess of $5,000,000;
the acquisition, divestment or establishment of  
any significant business assets;
changes to the discretions delegated from the  
Board;
the annual operating budget plan; 
changes to the capital and operating approval  
limits of senior management; and
the annual report and interim and preliminary  
final reports.

The Board Charter is available at the Corporate Governance 
section of ERA’s website.

Composition
Throughout 2019, the Board of ERA consisted of six Directors, 
five of whom were non-executive.

Mr Mansell, Mr Charles and Mr Dowd all served as independent 
non-executive Directors throughout 2019. Ms Fisher and Ms 
Sutton, who are former executives of Rio Tinto, and Mr Carey, an 
executive of Rio Tinto, also served as non-executive Directors 
during the period. 

On 7 August 2019, Ms Fisher resigned as a Director. 

Mr Carey was appointed as a Director on 7 August 2019.

Skills, experience and diversity
The Board strives to achieve a diversity of skills, experience and 
perspective among its Directors. Details of the Directors, their 
experience, qualifications and other appointments are set out 
on pages 28 to 29. Details of the independent status of each 
Director are outlined in the Independence section below.

Qualification for Board membership is driven by the principle that 
the Board’s composition should reflect the right balance of skills, 
knowledge and diversity that the Board considers will best serve 
the interests of ERA and all of its shareholders. 

The Board reviews its structure, size and composition regularly.  
The Board has not established a Nominations Committee.  The 
Board considers that its existing practices in reviewing Director 
competencies, Board succession planning, Board performance 
evaluation and Director selection and nomination carried out 
in accordance with the Board Charter, are satisfactory and 
appropriate given the size of the Board and ERA’s current 
ownership structure.

The process to identify and nominate new independent Directors 
from time to time is led by the incumbent independent Directors.  
Decisions relating to the appointment of Directors are made by 
the full Board.  Directors appointed by the Board are required 
by ERA’s Constitution to submit themselves for re-election by 
shareholders at the Annual General Meeting following their 

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CoRPoRAte GoveRnAnCe stAteMent

appointment. There is no share ownership qualification for 
appointment as a Director.

The ERA Board undertakes appropriate background checks and 
screening prior to appointing a Director or putting a candidate 
to security holders for election as a Director.  ERA provides 
security holders with all material information in its possession 
concerning each Director standing for election or re-election in 
the explanatory notes accompanying the notice of meeting.

Non-executive Directors are required to retire at least every 
three years in accordance with ERA’s Constitution, but may offer 
themselves for re-election. The key attributes that the Board 
seeks to achieve in its membership are set out below. 

Mining

Health, Safety 
and Environment

Financial

Technical

Strategy

Governance

Executive 
leadership

Government 
relations

Senior executive experience in the 
resources industry, including mining, 
development, marketing and exploration

Familiarity with issues associated with 
workplace health and safety, environment 
and social responsibility

Proficiency in financial accounting and 
reporting, corporate finance, internal 
financial controls, corporate funding and 
associated risks

A strong understanding in technical 
areas of the resource industry, including 
engineering, mining and processing

Proven ability in developing and 
implementing successful business 
strategies, including the capacity to 
probe and challenge management on the 
delivery of strategic objectives

Commitment to the highest standards of 
governance, including Board experience 
with other ASX listed companies that 
demonstrate rigorous governance 
standards

Sustainable success in business at a 
very senior executive level

Interaction with government and 
regulators and involvement in public 
policy initiatives and decisions

Community 
and indigenous 
engagement

Experience in engaging with a cross-
section of community and Indigenous 
stakeholders

Risk 
management

Experience in developing and 
establishing risk management 
frameworks, setting risk appetite and 
overseeing organisational risk culture

Appointment, induction training and professional 
development
All new non-executive Directors sign a letter of appointment 
which sets out the key terms and conditions of their appointment 
including duties, rights and responsibilities, the time commitment 

envisaged and the Board’s expectations regarding their 
involvement with committee work. The Chief Executive and 
senior executives enter into service agreements which govern 
the terms of their employment (see page 43).

Induction training is provided to all new Directors. It includes 
comprehensive induction materials, discussions with the Chief 
Executive and senior executives and the option to visit the 
Company’s operations at Ranger mine, either by appointment or 
with the Board during its next site tour. The induction materials 
and discussions include information on the Company’s strategy, 
culture and values, key corporate and Board policies, the 
Company’s financial, operational and risk management position, 
the rights and responsibilities of Directors, the role of the Board 
and its committees and meeting arrangements.

All Directors are expected to maintain the skills required to 
discharge their obligations to the Company. ERA provides 
the opportunity for Directors to participate in professional 
development activities to develop and maintain the skills and 
knowledge needed to perform their role as Directors effectively.

Independence
For the purposes of determining Director independence, the 
Board considers any material business relationship which 
could interfere, or be perceived to interfere, with the Director’s 
independence of judgement, ability to provide a strong, valuable 
contribution to the Board’s deliberations and the Director’s ability 
to act in the best interests of ERA and all shareholders. Where 
contracts in the ordinary course of business exist between ERA 
and a company in which a Director has declared an interest, 
these are reviewed for materiality to both ERA and the other 
party to the contract. 

In addition to the examples set out in the Principles, the following 
may be taken into account in considering such material business 
relationships:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

whether, within the last three years, the Director or a close 
family member has been a member of executive manage-
ment of ERA, employed in a senior position with a member 
of the Rio Tinto Group or has received additional remunera-
tion from the Company or a member of the Rio Tinto Group;
whether the Director or a close family member is, or is as-
sociated with, a substantial shareholder (more than five per 
cent of the voting shares) in the Company or in a member of 
the Rio Tinto Group;
the Director’s cross directorships of, or significant links with, 
or involvement in, other companies; 
the Director’s length of service on the Board and whether 
this may have compromised independence; and
whether, within the last three years, the Director or a close 
family member has had, either directly or indirectly and 
whether as principal, employee or consultant, a material 
business relationship with ERA or with a member of the 
Rio Tinto Group, whether as an auditor, professional ad-
viser, supplier, or customer (“material” being more than five 
per cent of ERA’s or the counterparty’s consolidated gross 
revenue per annum).

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Mr Mansell, Mr Charles and Mr Dowd are considered by the 
Board to be independent Directors.

For the reporting period, the Board of Directors did not consist 
of a majority of independent Directors. This does not follow 
Recommendation 2.4 of the Council’s Principles. The Board 
considers it is appropriate that the composition of the  
Board recognised Rio Tinto’s 86.3 per cent shareholding. 

All Directors are required to, and do, bring an independent 
judgement to bear on Board decisions and act in accordance  
with their statutory duties of good faith and for a proper purpose, 
and in the interests of all shareholders. 

All related party transactions, including those with Rio Tinto, have 
been determined by the independent Directors to be on arm’s 
length terms and in the interests of ERA. 

Chairman and Chief Executive
The Chairman, Mr Mansell, is an independent non-executive 
Director. Mr Mansell’s other appointments are set out  
on page 28. The Board considers that none of his other 
commitments interfere with the discharge of his duties to ERA. 

The Chief Executive is Mr Arnold, who is also a Director. 

Company Secretary
The Company Secretary is responsible for ensuring that Board 
procedures are complied with and that governance matters are 
addressed. All Directors have direct access to the Company 
Secretary who is accountable directly to the Board, through the 
Chairman, on all matters to do with the proper functioning of 
the Board. Details of the Company Secretary’s experience and 
qualifications are set out on page 31. 

Board meetings
The Board held six scheduled meetings and six extraordinary 
meeting during 2019. In addition, there were 16 meetings held 
in 2019 of Committees established by the Board. The Board and 
Committee meeting attendance details for Directors in 2019 are 
set out on page 32.

Performance self assessment
The Board has a process for periodically evaluating its 
performance, as well as the performance of its committees 
and individual Directors. The evaluation and self-assessment 
generally takes the form of an internal process facilitated by 
the Chairman. After consulting each Director and the Company 
Secretary, the Chairman reports a summary of the findings to 
all Directors for discussion at the next Board meeting where 
relevant actions are agreed. Periodically the Board may utilise 
the services of an external consultant to facilitate the process. 
The external process takes the form of a questionnaire 
completed by each of the Directors and the Company Secretary. 
Following collation by the consultant, the results, adequacy and 
appropriateness of the self-assessment process are compiled. 
A report outlining the results is circulated to all Directors and 
discussed at the following Board meeting where actions arising 
are agreed.

The Chairman conducted an evaluation of the Board in 2019 
obtaining feedback from the Directors on the performance of  
the Board and its committees.

Independent professional advice

The Board has adopted a procedure for Directors wishing to seek 
independent professional advice, at the Company’s expense, in 
the furtherance of their duties. The Board recognises that there 
may be circumstances in which individual Directors are entitled 
to independent professional advice at the Company’s expense 
in the furtherance of their duties, and any Director may do so by 
arrangement with the Company Secretary.

Remuneration
ERA’s Constitution provides that the aggregate remuneration 
paid to non-executive Directors of ERA in any one year will not 
exceed $800,000 or such other amount as may be approved 
by shareholders from time to time.  At the 2019 Annual General 
Meeting, the 2018 Remuneration Report was approved with 
96.25 per cent of shares voted in favour (voting comprised 
355,929,859 votes ‘for’ the resolution and 13,882,793 votes 
‘against’ the resolution). North Limited and Peko-Wallsend Pty 
Ltd, which are both Rio Tinto entities, voted a combined total of 
354,078,854 votes ‘for’ the resolution.

In 2012, the Board established a Remuneration Committee. 
Throughout 2019, the Remuneration Committee comprised three 
non-executive Directors, being Mr Mansell (Chair), Mr Dowd and 
Mr Charles, all of whom are independent. A majority of members 
constitutes a quorum for a meeting. The Chief Executive may 
be invited to attend Remuneration Committee meetings. Other 
executives may also be invited to discuss or report on particular 
agenda items. 

The Remuneration Committee Charter sets out the role and 
objectives of the Remuneration Committee.  A summary of the 
objectives of the Remuneration Committee and the policies and 
practices of the Company regarding the remuneration of non-
executive Directors, the Chief Executive and senior executives is 
set out on pages 33 to 36 of the Remuneration Report.  

The complete Remuneration Committee Charter is available at 
the Corporate Governance section of ERA’s website at  
www.energyres.com.au

Details of how the performance evaluation process is undertaken 
by the Board in respect of the Chief Executive and senior 
executives are set out on pages 33 to 36 of the Remuneration 
Report.

Audit and Risk Committee
The Audit and Risk Committee is appointed by the Board and 
throughout 2019 comprised three non-executive Directors, all 
of whom are independent. A majority of members constitutes a 
quorum. The present members of the Audit and Risk Committee 
are Mr Charles (Chair), Mr Mansell and Mr Dowd. The 
Company’s Chief Financial Officer, Chief Executive and Legal 
Counsel & Company Secretary, the external auditor and the 
internal auditor are invited to attend all meetings. 

54
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ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD  
CoRPoRAte GoveRnAnCe stAteMent

The Committee provides a formal structure to further support 
governance and initiatives for improvement in health, safety and 
the environmental management of ERA operations.

The Health, Safety and Environment Committee held three 
scheduled meetings during 2019. Attendance details of the 2019 
meetings of the Health, Safety and Environment Committee, and 
the qualifications and experience of the members, are set out in 
the Directors’ Report on pages 32 and 28 to 29.

Funding Committee
In January 2019, the Board resolved that a Committee 
comprising Mr Mansell (Chair), Mr Dowd and Mr Charles, being 
those Directors considered to be independent from Rio Tinto,  
be established to further progress the engagement with Rio Tinto 
regarding funding options or transactions under consideration 
by the Company. The Committee was granted all of the powers, 
authorities and discretions of the Board in respect of, among 
other things, evaluating, negotiating and, if they consider it to  
be in the best interests of the Company, approving any proposed 
agreement with Rio Tinto (including entering into any funding 
support term sheet and subsequent binding agreement with  
Rio Tinto) in relation to any funding proposal. A majority  
of members constitutes a quorum. The committee held  
15 meetings during 2019.

Diversity 
ERA acknowledges the benefits that flow from advancing Board 
and employee diversity, in particular gender and Indigenous 
diversity. These benefits include identification and rectification 
of gaps in the skills and experience of Directors and employees, 
enhanced employee retention, greater innovation and 
maximisation of available talent to achieve corporate goals and 
increased financial performance.

Diversity, in the context of the Company, primarily refers to 
groups which are underrepresented in its workforce. ERA has a 
particular focus on the representation of women and Indigenous 
people in its workforce. ERA’s policy on diversity can be found 
on the Company’s website at www.energyres.com.au. In 
accordance with the Company’s diversity policy, ERA has set 
measurable objectives to achieve diversity. 

The Audit and Risk Committee Charter sets out the role and 
terms of reference of the Audit and Risk Committee and is 
reviewed regularly. The Audit and Risk Committee Charter is 
available at the Corporate Governance section of ERA’s website.

The Committee provides a formal structure for reviewing ERA’s 
financial statements, accounting policies, control systems, risk 
management practices and taxation issues and for liaison with 
the external and internal auditors. The Committee also reviews 
the adequacy of internal and external audit arrangements.

The Audit and Risk Committee advises the Board of any matters 
that might have a significant impact on the financial condition 
of ERA and has the authority to investigate any matters within 
its terms of reference, having full access to the information and 
resources of ERA to fulfil its function. Related party transactions 
are considered by the Audit and Risk Committee. The Audit and 
Risk Committee reviews compliance with the Corporations Act 
2001, and the requirements of the ASX and other regulatory 
requirements.

The Audit and Risk Committee held four meetings during 2019. 
Attendance details of the 2019 meetings of the Audit and 
Risk Committee, and the qualifications and experience of the 
members, are set out in the Directors’ Report on pages 32 and 
28 to 29.

Each year the external auditor submits a schedule of audit 
services and fee estimate to the Audit and Risk Committee 
for consideration and approval. PricewaterhouseCoopers has 
been ERA’s external auditor for a number of years. Each year, 
the Audit and Risk Committee reviews the effectiveness of the 
external audit process and the independence of the auditor. 
Based on its 2019 review, the Audit and Risk Committee was 
satisfied with the external audit process and that the external 
auditor remained independent. Any work to be conducted by the 
external auditor other than the audit is approved by the Audit and 
Risk Committee.

Details of the fees paid to PricewaterhouseCoopers during 2019 
are outlined on page 49. 

Health, Safety and Environment Committee
The Health, Safety and Environment Committee is appointed by 
the Board and ordinarily comprises three non-executive Directors. 
A majority of members constitutes a quorum. Throughout 2019, 
Mr Dowd (Chair) and Mr Charles were members of the Health, 
Safety and Environment Committee.  Ms Fisher served as a 
member of the Committee in 2019, but resigned as a Director 
during the period.  Ms Sutton was appointed to the Committee 
on 9 September 2019. The Company’s Chief Executive, General 
Manager Operations and Company Secretary are invited to 
attend all meetings.

The Health, Safety and Environment Committee Charter sets out 
the role and objectives of the Health, Safety and Environment 
Committee and is reviewed regularly. It is available at the 
Corporate Governance section of ERA’s website.

55
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ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD CoRPoRAte GoveRnAnCe stAteMent

The objectives and the Company’s progress in achieving each 
objective are set out below:

OBJECTIVE

OUTCOME

Women to represent 20 per 
cent of the management 
(being manager level and 
above) and the Board by end 
of 2019.

Target of 33 per cent 
Indigenous people and 25 per 
cent female participation in 
new apprenticeships by end 
of 2019.

As at 31 December 2019 
female participation at manager, 
Executive Committee and 
Board level is 29 per cent. 
Women comprise 17 per cent 
of Directors. Total female 
participation is 18 per cent.

Throughout 2019, ERA had 4 
full time apprentices, 3 of whom 
are female (75 per cent) and 3 
of whom are indigenous (75 per 
cent). In addition, ERA had five 
Indigenous trainees.

Target Indigenous 
employment of 20 per cent  
by the end of 2019.

ERA ended 2019 with an 
Indigenous employment rate of 
12 per cent.

As at 31 December 2019, the proportion of women employed by 
ERA was as follows:

Board of Directors

Executive Committee and 
managers

Company

17% 

29%

18%

Code of business conduct 
We have clear standards around bribery and corruption, conflicts 
of interest, antitrust, benefits, sponsorships and donations, data 
privacy, fraud and third party due diligence.  ERA has a Code 
of Business Conduct to be met by all employees and Directors. 
All employees are required to maintain high standards of ethical 
behaviour in the execution of their duties and comply with all 
applicable laws and regulations in Australia and in every other 
country in which the Company engages in business.

The Code of Business Conduct is reviewed to ensure it 
adequately addresses the issues facing the Company and is 
available for inspection on the Corporate Governance section of 
the Company’s website at www.energyres.com.au.

In addition to the Company’s Code of Business Conduct, the 
Company’s employees are required to comply with Rio Tinto’s 
statement of business practice The Way We Work, available at 
Rio Tinto’s website at www.riotinto.com. These provide a clear 
framework for how we should conduct our business.

The Company has a confidential whistleblower program known 
as Speak-Out ‘Talk to Peggy’. Employees are encouraged to 
report any suspicion of unethical or illegal practices. Further 
details regarding the program are available in the Corporate 
Governance seciton of the Company’s website at 
www.energyres.com.au.

Purchase and sale of Company securities 
ERA has in place a formal policy that reinforces to all Directors, 
officers and employees the prohibitions against insider trading. 
The Share Trading Policy is available for inspection at the 
Corporate Governance section of the Company’s website at 
www.energyres.com.au. 

In addition, the “Rules for dealing in securities of Rio Tinto” 
(Dealing Rules) apply to the participation of ERA executives in 
the Rio Tinto long term incentive plans involving the awarding  
of Rio Tinto securities at a future date. Any such grants of  
shares and options under the Rio Tinto plans are subject to,  
and conditional upon, compliance with the terms of the Dealing 
Rules, including an express prohibition on hedging or limiting  
of exposure to economic risk in relation to such securities.

Under the ERA Share Trading Policy:

• 

• 

• 

Directors, senior executives and senior managers must 
advise the Chairman in writing, and receive approval in  
writing from the Chairman, if they intend to purchase or  
sell ERA securities. 
In regard to his own dealings, the Chairman is required to 
notify the Chair of the Audit and Risk Committee.
No dealings in ERA securities may take place for the period 
from the end of any relevant financial period to the trading 
day following announcement of ERA’s annual results or  
half year results.

Particulars of the interests held by Directors are outlined on  
page 32 of the Remuneration Report.

Risk identification and management 
ERA has in place a range of policies and procedures to manage 
the risks associated with its operating activities. These policies 
and procedures have been adopted by the Board, with primary 
oversight by the Audit and Risk Committee, to ensure that 
potential business risks are identified and appropriate action 
taken. 

The Company has an annual internal audit program that is 
determined by the Audit and Risk Committee. The annual internal 
audit program is executed by an outsourced provider which 
reports back to the Audit and Risk Committee on its assessment 
of the Company’s control environment. In addition, the Company 
Secretary provides support for internal audit planning activities 
and the monitoring of actions implemented by the Company in 
response to findings raised by the internal auditor.

ERA benefits from the Rio Tinto Group’s knowledge, policies 
and practices on risk management and corporate assurance, 
developed to manage Rio Tinto’s diverse business activities 
covering a variety of commodities and operational locations. 
Together, these make up a comprehensive framework and 
approach to risk analysis and risk management. 

The Board has in place a number of systems to identify and 
manage business risks. These include:

• 

the identification and review of all of the business risks 
known to be facing the Company;

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ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD CoRPoRAte GoveRnAnCe stAteMent

• 

• 

• 

• 
• 

the provision of reports and information by management to 
the Board, on a periodic basis, confirming the status and 
effectiveness of the plans, controls, policies and procedures 
implemented to manage business risks;
guidelines for ensuring that capital expenditure and revenue 
commitments exceeding certain approved limits are placed 
before the Board for approval;
limits and controls for all financial exposures, including the 
use of derivatives;
a regulatory compliance program; and
safety, health and environmental policies which are support-
ed by a set of standards and management systems which 
recognise the Company’s commitment to achieving high 
standards of performance in all its activities in these areas.

The Audit and Risk Committee reviews ERA’s risk management 
framework at least annually, and did so in 2019, to satisfy itself 
that it continues to be sound.

The Audit and Risk Committee and the Board has assessed the 
strategic risks to the Company’s business and the mitigation 
strategies to be implemented by management. The strategic 
risks identified through this assessment were future operating 
cash flow and financial resources, stakeholder support of the 
Company’s strategic initiatives, rehabilitation of the Ranger 
Project Area, internal constraints relating to the Company’s 
licence to operate, external events relating to the Company’s 
licence to operate and retention and recruitment of key 
personnel.

These strategic risks are in addition to risks inherent to the 
mining industry generally which include economic conditions 
(fluctuations in commodity pricing and exchange rates), 
international regulation of greenhouse gas emissions and impact 
of climatic conditions. More information on ERA’s business risks, 
including any material exposure to economic, environmental 
and social sustainability risks, is set out on pages 14 to 19 of the 
Annual Report.

Each reporting period, the Chief Executive and the Chief 
Financial Officer give statements to the Board that, in their 
opinion, the financial records of the Company have been properly 
maintained and that the financial statements comply with the 
Australian Accounting Standards and give a true and fair view 
of the Company’s financial position and performance.  The 
statements also provide that the opinion has been formed on the 
basis of a sound system of risk management and internal control 
which is operating effectively in all material respects. 

Public statements and disclosure matters
ERA makes full and immediate disclosures to its shareholders 
and the market as required by, and in accordance with, its legal 
and regulatory obligations. Established systems are in place 
to ensure compliance and matters that may have a material 
impact on the price or value of ERA’s securities are reported to 
the market in accordance with the ASX Listing Rules and the 
Corporations Act 2001. ERA’s Continuous Disclosure Policy 

is available at the Corporation Governance section of ERA’s 
website at www.energyres.com.au. 

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining 
adequate internal controls over financial reporting. These 
controls, supervised by the Chief Executive and Chief Financial 
Officer, provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability 
of the Group’s financial reporting and the preparation and 
presentation of financial statements for external reporting 
purposes, in accordance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards (IFRS). The Company’s internal controls over financial 
reporting include policies and procedures designed to ensure 
the maintenance of records that: (i) accurately and fairly reflect 
transactions and dispositions of assets; (ii) provide reasonable 
assurances that transactions are recorded as necessary, 
enabling the preparation of financial statements in accordance 
with IFRS, and (iii) receipts and expenditures are made with 
the authorisation of management and directors of each of the 
companies.

Shareholder communication
ERA recognises the importance of effective communication with 
shareholders and the general investment community. Apart from 
ERA’s compliance with its mandatory continuous disclosure 
obligations, ERA takes steps to ensure that its shareholders 
and other stakeholders are kept informed. Full advantage is 
taken of the Annual General Meeting to inform shareholders of 
current developments and to give shareholders the opportunity 
to ask questions. PricewaterhouseCoopers, ERA’s external 
auditor attends the Annual General Meeting and is available to 
answer shareholder questions about the conduct of the audit 
and the preparation and content of the auditor’s report. ERA 
shareholders are also able to submit written questions regarding 
the statutory audit report to the auditor via the Company. Any 
questions received and answers provided will be made available 
to members at the Annual General Meeting. Shareholders who 
are unable to attend meetings are encouraged to appoint a proxy 
to vote either as they direct or at their discretion.

ERA believes that investor seminars, presentations and briefings 
on financial and operational issues, including social and 
environmental performance, are valuable ways of communicating 
with relevant professionals, employees and other interested 
persons. The Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officer are 
available for regular meetings with the Company’s major investors, 
and the Company releases investor presentations to coincide with 
the release of half year and full year financial results.

ERA gives equal access to information disclosed in investor 
seminars, presentations and briefings. If any such event is used 
to disclose new material, it will, in advance or simultaneously, be 
disclosed to the ASX and available on ERA’s website.

ERA provides shareholders with the option to receive 
communications from, and send communications to, the 
Company and the share registrar electronically. The contact 
details are available on the Company’s website.

57
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ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD stAteMent oF CoMPReHensIve InCoMe

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019

Revenue from continuing operations

Changes in inventories

Materials and consumables used

Employee benefits and contractor expenses

Government and other royalties

Commission and shipping expenses

Depreciation and amortisation expenses

Non-cash impairment charge

Changes in estimate of rehabilitaton provision

Financing costs

Statutory and corporate expenses

Other expenses

Profit/(loss) before income tax

Income tax (expense)/benefit

Profit/(loss) for the year

Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax

Total comprehensive income for the year

Profit/(loss) is attributable to:

Owners of Energy Resources of Australia Ltd

Total comprehensive income for the year is attributable to:

Owners of Energy Resources of Australia Ltd

Earnings per share for profit/(loss) attributable to the  
ordinary equity holders of the Company:

Basic earnings per share (cents)

Diluted earnings per share (cents)

NOTES

3

4

12

17

4

4

5

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

235,929

215,612

26,642

30,799

(81,499)

(79,877)

(108,821)

(109,953)

(11,085)

(10,724)

(5,589)

(176)

-

-

(34,580)

(9,055)

(5,514)

(3,453)

-

(113,776)

(343,199)

(22,539)

(14,205)

(5,008)

6,252

(456,323)

-

21,049

6,252

(435,274)

-

-

6,252

(435,274)

6,252

(435,274)

6,252

(435,274)

27

27

1.2

1.2

(84.1)

(84.1)

The above statement of comprehensive income should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. 

5858

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD BALAnCe sHeet

AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2019

ASSETS

Current assets

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade and other receivables

Inventories

Other

Total current assets

Non-current assets

Inventories

Undeveloped properties

Property, plant and equipment

Investment in trust fund

Total non-current assets

Total assets

LIABILITIES

Current liabilities

Payables

Income received in advance

Lease liabilities

Provisions

Total current liabilities

Non-current liabilities

Lease liabilities

Provisions

Deferred tax liabilities

Total non-current liabilities

Total liabilities

Net liabilities

EQUITY

Contributed equity

Reserves

Accumulated losses

Total equity

The above balance sheet should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

NOTES

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

15

41,465

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

16

17

18

19

20

20

208,591

313,736

9,400

10,519

144,281

115,352

5,785

1,484

368,057

441,091

28,118

89,856

4,213

76,333

198,520

566,577

-

2,408

137,351

181,224

30,104

89,856

-

74,715

194,675

635,766

37,877

34,561

-

102,233

174,671

1,770

-

658,270

741,885

-

660,040

841,264

-

741,885

916,556

(274,687)

(280,790)

706,485

388,748

706,485

388,897

(1,369,920)

(1,376,172)

(274,687)

(280,790)

5959

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD stAteMent oF CHAnGes In eQUIty

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019

Balance at 1 January 2018

Profit/(loss) for the year

Other comprehensive income

Total comprehensive income for the year

Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners:

Employee share options – value of employee services

20

Balance at 31 December 2018

Profit/(loss) for the year

Other comprehensive income

Total comprehensive income for the year

Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners:

Employee share options – value of employee services

20

CONTRIBUTED 
EQUITY 
$’000

RESERVES 
$’000

RETAINED 
EARNINGS
$’000

NOTES

TOTAL
$’000

706,485

389,300

(940,898)

154,887

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(435,274)

(435,274)

-

-

(435,274)

(435,274)

(403)

(403)

-

-

(403)

(403)

706,485

388,897

(1,376,172) 

(280,790)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(149)

(149)

6,252

-

6,252

-

-

6,252

-

6,252

(149)

(149)

Balance at 31 December 2019

706,485

388,748

(1,369,920)

(274,687)

The above statement of changes in equity should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

6060

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD CAsH FLow stAteMent

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Receipts from customers 

(inclusive of Goods and Services Tax)

Payments to suppliers and employees 

(inclusive of Goods and Services Tax)

Payments for rehabilitation

Interest received

Financing costs paid

NOTES

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

219,197

215,290

(230,704)

(239,089)

(11,507)

(23,799)

(91,965)

(58,946)

5,953

(1,981)

8,479

(2,070)

Net cash (outflow)/inflow from operating activities

26

(99,500)

(76,336)

CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Payments for property, plant and equipment

Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment

Net cash (outflow)/inflow from investing activities

CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

Payment of lease liabilities

Employee share option payments

Net cash (outflow)/inflow from financing activities

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the financial year

Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

(3,623)

500

(3,123)

(1,087)

(1,418)

(2,505)

(105,128)

313,736

(17)

(4,334)

-

(4,334)

-

(1,068)

(1,068)

(81,738)

395,477

(3)

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

7

208,591

313,736

The above cash flow statement should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

6161

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD    
notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

1 

Summary of significant  
accounting policies

The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation 
of these financial statements are set out below. These policies 
have been consistently applied to all the years presented, 
unless otherwise stated. The financial statements are for Energy 
Resources of Australia Ltd (ERA).

(a)  Basis of preparation
This general purpose financial report has been prepared 
in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards and 
interpretations issued by the Australian Accounting Standards 
Board, and the Corporations Act 2001.

(i) Going Concern
As at 31 December 2019, ERA, has a deficiency of capital 
and reserves of $275 million (2018: $281 million), it has also 
experienced operating losses and negative cash flows during the 
financial year ending on that date.  

As a result of the increase in rehabilitation provision in 2018, 
ERA launched an entitlement offer on 15 November 2019 to raise 
approximately $476 milion. The offer completed on 25 February 
2020. Prior to this there was a material uncertainty over ERA’s 
ability to continue as a going concern. ERA now considers that it 
will have adequate available cash to fully rehabilitate the Ranger 
Project Area, as such no further uncertainity exists over ERA’s 
ability to continue as a going concern.  

(ii) Compliance with IFRS 
The financial statements of the Company also comply with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by 
the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). 

(iii) Historical cost convention
These financial statements have been prepared under the 
historical cost convention.

(iv) Critical accounting estimates
The presentation of financial statements requires the use of 
certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management 
to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the 
accounting policies of the Company. The areas involving a higher 
degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions 
and estimates are significant to the financial statements, are 
disclosed in Note 2.

(b)  Principles of consolidation

(i) Subsidiaries
ERA has no subsidiaries and is referred to in the financial report 
as the Company or ERA. 

Subsidiaries are all those entities (including special purpose 
entities) over which the Company has the power to govern 
the financial and operating policies, generally accompanying 
a shareholding of more than one half of the voting rights. The 

existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently 
exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing 
whether the Company controls another entity.

(c) Revenue recognition
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration 
received or receivable. Amounts disclosed as revenue are net 
of returns, trade allowances, rebates and amounts collected on 
behalf of third parties.

The Company recognises revenue when the amount of revenue 
can be reliably measured, it is probable that future economic 
benefits will flow to the entity and specific criteria have been met 
for the Company’s activities as described below. The amount 
of revenue is not considered to be reliably measurable until all 
contingencies relating to the sale have been resolved. 

The Company bases its estimates on historical results, taking into 
consideration the type of customer, the type of transaction and 
the specifics of each arrangement.

(i) Sale of goods
ERA places all sales through a marketing agreement with Rio 
Tinto Marketing PTE Limited (Rio Tinto Uranium) based in 
Singapore (Marketing Agreement). 

Generally under the marketing agreement with Rio Tinto 
Uranium, payment for uranium oxide is connected to the date 
the material is shipped. When this is the case, once cash is 
received it is treated as unearned revenue until the sale occurs 
and control transfers. The amount of consideration does not 
contain a significant financing component as payment terms are 
significantly less than one year. 

Certain sales may be provisionally priced at the date revenue 
is recognised. Sales revenue is accounted for under AASB 
15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’ and subsequent 
movements in provisionally priced receivables is accounted for 
under AASB 9 ‘Financial Instruments’.

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised on 
provisionally priced sales based on the selling price for the period 
stipulated in the contract, with subsequent fair value movements 
reported as revenue. This is because it is highly probable that the 
revenue would not be subject to a significant revenue reversal.

As noted above, certain sales may be provisionally priced at the 
date revenue is recognised, however, substantially all Uranium 
sales are reflected at final prices in the results for the period due 
to the majority of sales being settled prior to the period end. The 
final selling price for all provisional priced products is based on 
the price for the quotational period stipulated in the contract. The 
change in value of the provisionally priced receivable is based on 
relevant market prices and is included in sales revenue as noted 
above.  

Sales revenue as disclosed in these accounts includes revenue 
from movements in provisionally priced receivables, consistent 
with the treatment in prior periods.

Sales revenue is recognised on individual sales when control 
transfers to the customer. Judgement is required and 

6262

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD  
 
notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

generally the Company would consider the following indicators 
(acknowledging the standard does not have a hierarchy). The 
customer has control if the customer has:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

  the significant risks and rewards of ownership and has the 
ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the 
remaining benefits from, the good or service;

  a present obligation to pay in accordance with the terms of 
the sales contract;

  accepted the asset. Sales revenue may be subject to 
adjustment if the product specification does not conform to 
the terms specified in the sales contract but this does not 
impact the passing of control and is immaterial. Assay and 
specification adjustments have been immaterial historically;

  legal title to the asset. The Company usually retains legal 
title until payment is received for credit risk purposes only; 
and

  physical possession of the asset. This indicator may be less 
important as the customer may obtain control of an asset 
prior to obtaining physical possession, which may be the 
case for goods in transit.

After consideration of these five indicators, the company 
considers that control passes and sales revenue is recognised 
when, following a contractual requirement the product is 
transferred out of the Company’s holding account at the uranium 
converter (usually upon delivery to the converter) or upon 
delivery if the exchange occurs not at a uranium converter, at 
which stage the risks of ownership are transferred. There is only 
one performance obligation, being for provision of product at the 
point where control passes.

Sales revenue excludes any applicable sales taxes. Mining 
royalties payable are presented as an operating cost.

In the case where a sale occurs immediately after which (or 
part of) the goods are borrowed back by the company under a 
seperate agreeement, the revenue is deferred until repayment of 
the borrowed goods occurs.

(ii) Rendering of services

Revenue from the rendering of services is recognised when the 
service is provided.

(iii) Other revenue/income
Other revenue/income recognised by the Company includes:

• 

• 
• 

• 

• 
• 

interest income, which is recognised on a time proportion 
basis using the effective interest rate method; 
rental income, which is recognised on a straight line basis;
net gains on disposal of assets, which is recognised at the 
date control of the asset passes to the acquirer;
contract compensation, which is recognised upon cancella-
tion of a sales contract;
foreign exchange gains; and
insurance recoveries, which is recognised on confirmation 
from the insurer that the claim payment has been approved.

(d) Foreign currency translation

(i) Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the financial statements are measured using 
the currency of the primary economic environment in which 
the entity operates (“the functional currency”). The financial 
statements are presented in Australian dollars, which is the 
Company’s functional and presentation currency.

(ii) Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional 
currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of 
the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting 
from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation 
at year end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities 
denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the 
statement of comprehensive income, except when they are 
deferred in equity as qualifying cash flow hedges and qualifying 
net investment hedges or are attributable to part of the net 
investment in a foreign operation. 

(e) Financing costs
Financing costs (including interest) are included in the statement 
of comprehensive income in the period during which they are 
incurred, except where they are included in the cost of non-
current assets that are currently being developed and will take 
a substantial period of time to complete. The borrowing costs 
included in the cost of such developments are those costs that 
would have been avoided if the expenditure on the development 
had not been made.

Once the asset is ready for use, the capitalised borrowing costs 
are depreciated as a part of the carrying amount of the related 
asset.

The capitalisation rate used to determine the amount of 
borrowing costs to be capitalised is the weighted average interest 
rate applicable to the Company’s outstanding borrowings during 
the year.

(f) Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present 
legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is 
probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle 
the obligation and the amount has been reliably estimated. 
Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

Provisions are measured at the present value of management’s 
best estimate of the expenditure, adjusted for risk, required 
to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date. The 
discount rate used to determine the present value reflects current 
market assessments of the time value of money. The increase in 
the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest 
expense.

(i) Rehabilitation
The Company is required to rehabilitate the Ranger Project Area 
upon cessation of mining operations. The costs are estimated 
on the basis of a closure model, taking into consideration the 

63
63

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

technical closure options available to meet the Company’s 
obligations. The cost estimates are calculated annually during 
the life of the operation to reflect known developments, and are 
subject to regular reviews.

The amortisation or unwinding of the discount applied in 
establishing the net present value of provisions is charged to the 
statement of comprehensive income in each accounting period. 
The amortisation of the discount is shown as a financing cost. 
Other movements in the provision for closure and restoration 
costs, including those resulting from new disturbance, updated 
cost estimates, changes to lives of operations and revisions to 
discount rates are capitalised within fixed assets, unless the 
assets that they relate to are fully written down or impaired in 
which case the movement in the provision is allocated directly  
to the statement of comprehensive income. These costs are  
then depreciated on a unit of production basis over the life  
of the reserves.

Where rehabilitation is conducted systematically over the life 
of the operation, rather than at the time of closure, provision is 
made for the outstanding continuous rehabilitation work at each 
balance date. All costs of continuous rehabilitation work are 
charged to the provision as incurred. 

Costs are allowed for in the closure provision when they are 
directly related to rehabilitation of the Ranger Project Area. Costs 
incurred to operate and manage the site whilst uranium oxide 
production is occurring are allocated to operating costs and 
so excluded from the rehabilitation provision. The operation of 
the Brine Concentrator and pond water management are costs 
that are allocated to operating costs up until such time as the 
production of uranium oxide ceases (forecast to be January 
2021), they are then included in the closure provision from this 
time. Following cessation of uranium oxide production all costs 
associated with the Ranger Project Area are included in the 
closure provision, cost associated with other corporate activities 
will remain in operating costs and so are not provided for.

Separately, the Company is required to maintain with the 
Commonwealth Government the Ranger Rehabilitation Trust 
Fund (Trust Fund), to provide security against the estimated 
costs of closing and rehabilitating the mine immediately (rather 
than upon the planned cessation of mining operations). Each 
year, the Company is required to prepare and submit to the 
Commonwealth Government an Annual Plan of Rehabilitation. 
Once accepted by the Commonwealth Government, the annual 
plan is then independently assessed and costed and the amount 
to be provided by the Company in the Trust Fund, is then 
determined. The Trust Fund includes both cash and financial 
guarantees. The cash portion is shown as an investment on the 
balance sheet (Note 14), and interest received by the Trust Fund 
is shown as interest income.  The balance of bank guarantee is 
shown at Note 28.

The Company is required to rehabilitate the Jabiluka Mineral 
Lease upon cessation of operations to a standard specified by 
the Authorisation to operate issued by the Northern Territory 
Government. The estimated cost of rehabilitation is currently 
secured by a bank guarantee and fully provided for in the 
financial statements. 

64
64

(g) Income tax
Income tax expense for the period is the tax payable on the 
current period’s taxable income based on the applicable income 
tax rate adjusted by temporary differences between the tax 
bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the 
financial statements, and unused tax losses.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of 
the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the 
reporting period in the country where the Company generates 
taxable income (Australia).

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, 
on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of 
assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial 
statements. However, the deferred income tax is not accounted 
for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a 
transaction other than a business combination that at the time 
of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit 
or loss. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates 
(and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by 
the reporting date and are expected to apply when the related 
deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax 
liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible temporary 
differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future 
taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary 
differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a 
legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities 
and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation 
authority. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where 
the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends 
either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle 
the liability simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax balances attributable to amounts 
recognised directly in equity are also recognised directly in 
equity.

(h) Trade and other receivables
Trade receivables are recognised at fair value.The company 
applies the forward looking expected credit loss model 
required by AASB 9, using the simplified approach for its trade 
receivables portfolio review and the general approach for all 
other financial assets as required by the standard.

Trade receivables are normally settled within 45 days and are 
carried at amounts due. The collectability of trade receivables is 
reviewed on an ongoing basis and specific provisions are made 
for any doubtful amounts. Receivables which are known to be 
uncollectible are written off.

Other receivables relate to transactions outside the usual 
operating activities of the Company and are predominantly 
concerned with rental receipts from employees and businesses 
located within the Jabiru township. These ongoing activities 
are expected to be settled during the 12 months subsequent 
to balance date but are assessed regularly and impaired 
accordingly.

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

(i) Inventories
Inventories, other than stores, are carried at the lower of cost and 
net realisable value. Net realisable value is determined based 
on estimated future sales prices, exchange rates and capital and 
production costs, including transport. 

Inventory is valued using the weighted average cost method and 
includes both fixed and variable production costs as well as cash 
and non-cash charges.

Stockpiles represent ore that has been extracted and is available 
for further processing. If there is significant uncertainty as 
to when the stockpiled ore will be processed it is expensed 
as incurred. Where the future processing of this ore can be 
predicted with confidence, for example because it exceeds the 
mine’s cut-off grade, it is valued at the lower of cost and net 
realisable value.

Work in progress inventory includes ore stockpiles and other 
partly processed material. Quantities are assessed primarily 
through surveys and assays. 

Stores are valued at the lower of cost or net realisable value and 
are impaired accordingly to take into account obsolescence.

For inventory management purposes the Company may enter 
into uranium loans as a lending or receiving party. These loans 
are entered into for logistical purposes and loans received are 
repaid from the Company’s inventory. The uranium loans do not 
meet the definition of a financial liability and are recorded net of 
inventory.

(j) Impairment of assets
Assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes 
in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be 
recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount 
by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable 
amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s 
fair value less cost to sell and value in use. For the purposes of 
assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels 
for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash 
generating units).

Fair value is determined as the amount that would be obtained 
from the sale of the asset in an arm’s length transaction. 

The value in use is determined using the present value of the 
future cashflow expected to be derived from an asset or cash 
generating unit. 

(k) Property, plant and equipment

(i) Acquisition
Items of property, plant and equipment are recorded at historical 
cost and, except for land, are depreciated as outlined below. 
Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable 
to the acquisition of the items. Subsequent costs are included in 
the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, 
as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic 
benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and 
the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Repairs and 
maintenance are charged to the statement of comprehensive 
income during the period in which they are incurred.

(ii) Depreciation and amortisation
Depreciation of plant and equipment is provided for as follows:

(a)   individual assets that have a life equal to or longer than the 
estimated remaining life of the Ranger mine are depreciated 
on a unit of production basis over the life of the reserves; 
and

(b)  each other asset is depreciated over its estimated  

operating life on a straight line basis.

The following indicates the depreciation method for buildings  
and plant and equipment on which the depreciation charges are 
based:

• 
• 

buildings – units of production over the life of reserves; 
plant and equipment* – units of production over the life of 
reserves.

 *   Some of these assets are depreciated on a straight line basis 
over their useful operating life which is less than the life of the 
Ranger mine. See below for the estimated useful lives.
Office equipment: computers - three years
• 
Office equipment: general - five years
• 
Plant and equipment - five years
• 
Furniture and fittings - ten years
• 
•  Motor vehicles - five years
• 
• 

Tailings Storage Facility - three years
Brine Concentrator - seven years

Assets are depreciated from the date of acquisition or, in respect 
of internally constructed assets, from the time an asset is 
completed and held ready for use.

All ERA’s property, plant and equipment (excluding right of use 
assets) is currently fully impaired. Property, plant and equipment 
expenditure incurred is recorded directly in other expenses.

(iii) Deferred stripping costs
Stripping costs incurred in the development of a mine before 
production commences are capitalised as part of the cost of 
constructing the mine and subsequently amortised over the life of 
the mine on a units of production basis.

Stripping costs incurred during the production stage of mining 
operations are deferred where they are separately identifiable 
and do not form part of normal mining activities. These costs are 
deferred and amortised over the period in which the associated 
ore is produced.

(l) Leases
Leases are recognised as a right-of-use asset and a 
corresponding liability at the date at which the leased asset 
is available for use by the Company. Each lease payment is 
allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost 
is charged to profit or loss over the lease period so as to produce 
a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of 
the liability for each period. 

The right-of-use asset is shown as a non-current asset and 
depreciated over the shorter of its useful life and the lease terms 
on a straight line basis.  As right-of-use assets represent an 
economic benefit they are not impaired as is the case for other 
Ranger cash generating unit (CGU) assets.

65
65

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured 
on a present value basis. Lease liabilities include the net present 
value of the following lease payments:
•       fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments),  

•  
•  

less any lease incentives receivable;  
  variable lease payment that are based on an index or a rate;  
  amounts expected to be payable by the lessee under 
residual value guarantees;

•       the exercise price of a purchase option if the lessee is 

reasonably certain to exercise that option; and

• 

• 

• 

construction of underground tunnels, where necessary  
for exploration drilling;
examining and testing extraction and treatment methods; 
and
compiling prefeasibility and feasibility studies.

Exploration and evaluation expenditure also includes the costs 
incurred in acquiring mineral rights, the entry premiums paid to 
gain access to areas of interest and amounts payable to third 
parties to acquire interests in existing projects.

•       payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease 

term reflects the lessee exercising that option.
  The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate 
implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be determined,
  the incremental borrowing rate is used.

•  

•  

Capitalisation of exploration expenditure commences when 
there is a high degree of confidence in the project’s viability and 
hence it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the 
Company. Capitalised exploration expenditure is reviewed for 
impairment indicators at each balance sheet date. 

Right-of-use assets are measured at cost comprising the 
following:
• 
• 

  the amount of the initial measurement of lease liability;
  any lease payments made at or before the commencement 
date less any lease incentives received;
  any initial direct costs; and
  restoration costs.

• 
• 

Payments associated with short-term leases and leases of 
low-value assets are recognised as an expense in profit or loss. 
Short-term leases are leases with a lease term of twelve months 
or less.

Treatment of lease agreements recognised in the 
rehabilitation provision

Lease payments have been contemplated in the rehabilitation 
provision. However, once a lease for equipment to be used in 
rehabilitation activities is entered into, a separate lease liability 
and right-of-use asset is recognised. The rehabilitation obligation 
is not extinguished by entering into a lease, instead, the 
rehabilitation obligation is extinguished over time as the leased 
asset is put to use in executing the rehabilitation program.

Lease payments are allocated to the lease liability, with the 
interest component allocated to financing cost in the Statement of 
Comprehensive Income.

Where the right-of-use asset resulting from the lease 
arrangement is to be used exclusively for rehabilitation, it 
represents an economic resource which will have a future use in 
the completion of rehabilitation activity. As such the right-of-use 
asset is not impaired as is the case for other non-lease Ranger 
Cash Generating Unit (CGU) assets.

When the right-of-use asset is depreciated, the depreciation 
charge is allocated to the rehabilitation provision to reduce the 
outstanding amount provided for in the rehabilitation provision.

(m) Exploration and evaluation expenditure
Exploration and evaluation expenditure comprises costs which 
are directly attributable to:

• 
• 

researching and analysing existing exploration data;
conducting geological studies, exploratory drilling and  
sampling;

66
66

Subsequent recovery of the resulting carrying value depends 
on successful development of the area of interest or sale of the 
project. If a project does not prove viable, all unrecoverable costs 
associated with the project and the related impairment provisions 
are written off. Any impairment provisions raised in previous 
years are reassessed if there is a change in circumstances which 
indicates that they may no longer be required, for example if it is 
decided to proceed with development. If the project proceeds to 
development, the amounts included within intangible assets are 
transferred to property, plant and equipment. 

(i) Undeveloped properties
Undeveloped properties are mineral concessions where the 
intention is to develop and go into production in due course. 
The carrying values of these assets are reviewed annually by 
management and the results of these reviews are reported to the 
Board and Audit and Risk Committee. Impairment is assessed 
using the fair value less cost of disposal method. 

(n) Goods and Services Tax (GST)
Revenues, expenses and assets are recognised net of the 
amount of associated GST, unless the GST incurred is not 
recoverable from the taxation authority. In this case it is 
recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as 
part of the expense.

Receivables and payables are stated inclusive of the amount of 
GST receivable or payable. The net amount of GST recoverable 
from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included with other 
receivables or payables in the balance sheet.  Cash flows are 
presented on a gross basis. The GST components of cash 
flows arising from investing or financing activities which are 
recoverable from, or payable to the taxation authority, are 
presented as operating cash flows.

(o) Trade and other payables
Liabilities are recognised for amounts to be paid in the future for 
goods and services received prior to the end of the financial year, 
whether or not billed to the Company. Trade accounts payable 
are normally settled within 60 days. These are recognised initially 
at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost 
using the effective interest rate method.

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

(p) Employee entitlements

(i) Wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave
The liability for employee entitlements to wages and salaries 
represents the amount which the Company has a present 
obligation to pay resulting from employees’ services provided 
up to the reporting date. A provision exists for annual leave and 
accumulating sick leave as it is earned by employees and is 
measured at the amount expected to be paid when it is settled 
and includes all related on costs. Liabilities for non-accumulating 
sick leave are recognised when the leave is taken and measured 
at the rates paid or payable.

(ii) Long service leave

The liability for long service leave expected to be settled within 
12 months of the reporting date is recognised in the provision 
of employee benefits and is measured in accordance with (i) 
above. The liability for long service leave expected to be settled 
more than 12 months from the reporting date is measured as 
the present value of expected future payments to be made in 
respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting 
date. Consideration is given to the expected future wage and 
salary levels, experience of employee departures and periods 
of service.

Expected future payments are discounted using the rates 
attaching to Commonwealth Government securities at the 
reporting date, which most closely match the terms of maturity  
of the related liabilities.

(iii) Superannuation plan
Employees of the Company are entitled to benefits on retirement, 
disability or death from their membership of the Rio Tinto Staff 
Superannuation Fund (“The Fund”). The Fund has both a defined 
benefit and a defined contribution section. Contributions to the 
defined contribution superannuation plans are expensed in the 
income statement when incurred.

The Company has no staff who are members of the defined 
benefits section.

(iv) Termination benefits
Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated 
before the normal retirement date, or when an employee 
accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. 
The Company recognises termination benefits when it is 
demonstrably committed to either terminating the employment 
of current employees according to a detailed formal plan without 
possibility of withdrawal or to providing termination benefits as a 
result of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy.  

(q) Segment reporting
Management has determined the operating segments based 
on the reports reviewed by the Chief Executive, used to make 
strategic decisions. The Chief Executive considers the business 
from a product perspective. 

(r) Cash and cash equivalents
For the purposes of the statement of cash flows, cash includes 
cash on hand and deposits held at call, net of any bank 
overdrafts.

(s) Contributed equity
Ordinary shares are classified as equity.

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares 
or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from 
the proceeds. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue 
of new shares or options for the acquisition of a business are 
not included in the cost of the acquisition as part of the purchase 
consideration.

(t) Earnings per share

(i) Basic earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is determined by dividing net profit after 
income tax attributable to members of the Company, excluding 
any costs of servicing equity other than ordinary shares, by the 
weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during 
the financial year, adjusted for bonus elements in ordinary shares 
issued during the year.
(ii) Diluted earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the 
determination of basic earnings per share to take into account 
the after income tax effect of interest and other financing costs 
associated with dilutive potential ordinary shares and the 
weighted average number of shares assumed to have been 
issued for no consideration in relation to dilutive potential ordinary 
shares.

(u) Rounding of amounts
The Company is of a kind referred to in Class Order 2016/191, 
issued by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, 
relating to the ‘rounding off’ of amounts in the financial report. 
Amounts in the financial report have been ‘rounded off’ in 
accordance with that Class Order to the nearest thousand 
dollars, or in certain cases, to the nearest dollar.

(v) Share based payments
The fair value of cash settled share plans is recognised as a 
liability over the vesting period of the awards. Movements in that 
liability between accounting dates are recognised as an expense. 
The grant date fair value of the awards is taken to be the market 
value of the shares at the date of award reduced by a factor for 
anticipated relative Total Shareholder Return (TSR) performance. 
Fair values are subsequently re-measured at each accounting 
date to reflect the number of awards expected to vest based on 
the current and anticipated TSR performance. If any awards are 
ultimately settled in shares, the liability is transferred direct to 
equity as the consideration for the equity instruments issued. 

Equity settled share plans are settled either by the issue of 
shares by the relevant parent Company, by the purchase of 
shares on market or by the use of shares previously acquired 
as part of a share buyback. The fair value of the share plans is 
recognised as an expense over the expected vesting period with 
a corresponding entry to other reserves. 

67
67

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

The Company has used the modified retrospective approach in 
transitioning to the standard. At the end of December 2018, no 
leases were identified that were required to be recognised under 
the standard. The permitted practical expedient of accounting 
for operating leases with a remaining lease term of less than 
12 months as at 1 January 2019 as short term leases was used 
in applying AASB 16 for the first time. The Company has also 
elected not to reassess whether a contract is, or contains a lease 
at the date of initial application. Instead, for contracts entered into 
before the transition date, the Company relied on its assessment 
made applying AASB 117 and Interpretation 4 Determining 
whether an Arrangement contains a lease.

A reconciliation of lease commitments recognised  at 1 January 
2019 is detailed below:

Operating lease commitments disclosure as at 
31 December 2018 (note 22)

417

(less): short-term leases not recognised as a 
liability

(less) low-value leases not recognised as 
a liability   

(317)

(100)

Lease liability recognised as at 1 January 2019

-

Details regarding the leases are disclosed separately in Note 1 (l) 
and 22.

If the cost of shares acquired to satisfy the plans exceeds 
the expense charged, the excess is taken to the appropriate 
reserve. The fair value of the share plans is determined at the 
date of grant, taking into account any market based vesting 
conditions attached to the award (e.g. TSR). The Company 
uses fair values provided by independent actuaries calculated 
using a lattice based option valuation model. Non-market based 
vesting conditions (e.g. earnings per share targets) are taken into 
account in estimating the number of awards likely to vest. 

The estimate of the number of awards likely to vest is reviewed 
at each balance sheet date up to the vesting date, at which point 
the estimate is adjusted to reflect the actual awards issued. No 
adjustment is made after the vesting date even if the awards are 
forfeited or not exercised.

Further information about the treatment of individual share based 
payment plans is provided in Note 30.

(w) New accounting standards and interpretations
The Company has not early adopted any amendments, 
standards or interpretations that have been issued but are not  
yet effective.

(i) AASB 16 leases – Accounting policy
applied from 1 January 2019
The new accounting standards and interpretations adopted on 
1 January 2019 related to AASB 16 “leases”. The impact of the 
transition and new accounting policies are disclosed below.

This note explains the impact of the adoption of AASB 16 leases 
and also discloses the new accounting policies applied from 
1 January 2019, where these differ from those applied in prior 
periods.

There was no impact on equity attributable to owners of ERA as 
at 1 January 2019 from the adoption of AASB 16.

The standard, which replaces AASB 117 “Leases”, removes the 
concept of operating and finance leases for lessees, replacing 
it with a single accounting model under which lessees must 
recognise all leases (including property and equipment) on the 
balance sheet as a new ‘right of use asset’ and ‘lease liability’. 

Previously, leases in which a significant portion of risks and 
rewards at ownership were not transferred to the the company  
as leassee were classified as operating leases (Note 22). 
Payments were made under operating leases (net at any 
incentives received from the lessor) were charged to the 
Statement of Comprehensive Income on a straight-line basis  
over the period of the lease.

Payments associated with low value assets (below $5,000) and 
short term leases (less than twelve months), continue to be 
recognised on a straight-line basis as an expense in the profit 
and loss.  Low-value assets comprise Information Technology 
equipment or small site tooling.  Additionally, mineral leases are 
excluded from the standard and costs continue to be recognised 
on a straight-line basis. 

68
68

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD  
 
 
notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

2 

 Critical accounting estimates 
and judgements            
Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are 
based on historical experience and other factors, including 
expectations of future events that may have a financial impact on 
the Company and that are believed to be reasonable under the 
circumstances.

The Company makes estimates and assumptions concerning 
the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, 
seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and 
assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material 
adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within 
the next financial year are discussed below.

(a) Rehabilitation provision
The calculation of the rehabilitation provision relies on estimates 
of costs and their timing to rehabilitate and restore disturbed land 
to original condition.

The costs are estimated on the basis of a closure model, 
taking into account considerations of the technical closure 
options available to meet ERA’s obligations. The provision for 
rehabilitation represents the net present cost at 31 December 
2019 of the preferred plan within the requirements of the 
Ranger Authority. The Ranger Authority requires ERA to cease 
mining and processing activities by January 2021 and complete 
rehabilitation of the Ranger Project Area by January 2026.

The closure model is based on the recently completed Feasibility 
Study which expanded on the previous Prefeasibility Study 
completed in 2011. Key packages of work progressed since 
2012 include preliminary Pit 3 backfill, Pit 1 capping and design, 
construction and commissioning of the tailings dredging system. 
The Feasibility Study has increased the level of certainty 
regarding forecast rehabilitation expenditure. 

Major activities to complete the rehabilitation plan include: 
material movements, water treatment, tailings transfer, demolition 
and revegetation. Major cost sensitivities include material 
movements, water treatment and tailings transfer costs. 

The ultimate cost of rehabilitation is uncertain and can vary 
in response to many factors including legal requirements, 
technological change, weather events and market conditions. It is 
reasonably possible that outcomes from within the next financial 
year that are different from the current cost estimate could 
require material adjustment to the rehabilitation provision for the 
Ranger Project Area.

Selected downside sensitivities on the Ranger rehabilitation 
provision are detailed below.

Process water

Additional process water volumes are sensitive to many factors 
and any additional water would require treating through ERA’s 
process water treatment infrastructure, primarily the brine 

concentrator. Water volumes can vary due to:

•   additional rainfall above an average wet season;
• 

 the performance of water treatment plants, including new 
smaller scale plants that are yet to be fully commissioned;
the timing of closure of which water catchments occurs; and
the volume of water expressed from tailings. 

•  
•  

If water treatment volumes exceed the available capacity, it 
may be necessary to expand treatment capacity. This may 
involve the construction of an additional brine concentrator plant 
or other alternate technology. This has not been allowed for 
in the estimate and would come at significant additional cost. 
Furthermore, any significant delay may further compress the 
schedule requiring alteration to other closure activities.

Bulk material movement

Pit 3 bulk material movements are sensitive to the volume and 
unit cost of the material which is to be moved and the schedule  
of movement. 

Tailings transfer

Tailings transferred from the Tailings Storage Facility to Pit 3 are 
principally sensitive to the characteristics of the tailings being 
moved. An additional dredge has been launched and is now fully 
commissioned to reduce the risk underpinning this process and 
maintain the schedule.

Other factors

In addition to the factors described above there are many 
additional items that the estimate is sensitve to including: 
evaporation rates, stakeholder requirements, brine salt disposal, 
engineering studies, tailings consolidation rates, plant mortality 
and project support costs.

In estimating the rehabilitation provision a risk-free discount rate 
is applied to the underlying cash flows. At 31 December 2019, the 
real discount rate was 2.00 per cent.

(b) Taxation
ERA has approximately $195 million tax losses (at 30 per cent) 
that are not recognised as deferred tax assets due to uncertainty 
regarding ERA’s ability to generate adequate levels of future 
taxable profits. This treatment is reviewed periodically. Should 
future taxable profits eventuate this treatment will not impact 
ERA’s ability to utilise available tax losses in future periods.

Judgement is required in regard to the application of income tax 
legislation. There is an inherent risk and uncertainty in applying 
these judgements and a possibility that changes in legislation will 
impact the carrying amount of deferred tax assets and deferred 
tax liabilities recognised on the balance sheet.

(c) Determination of ore reserves and resources

ERA estimates the Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources based 
on information compiled by a Competent Person as defined 

69
69

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

in the 2012 Edition of the Australasian Code for Reporting of 
Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves 
(the JORC code). There are numerous uncertainties inherent 
in estimating Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources and 
assumptions that are valid at the time of estimation may change 
significantly when new information becomes available.

Changes in the forecast prices of commodities, exchange rates, 
production costs or recovery rates may change the economic 
status of Ore Reserves and may, ultimately, result in the Ore 
Reserves being restated. Such changes in Ore Reserves could 
impact on depreciation and amortisation rates, asset carrying 
values and provisions for rehabilitation. ERA’s Ore Reserves  
and Mineral Resources Statement as at 31 December 2019 is  
on pages 21 and 22.

(d) Asset carrying values
ERA has two cash generating units (CGUs), the Ranger Project 
Area and the Jabiluka Mineral Lease. The Ranger CGU includes 
all assets and liabilities related to activities on the Ranger 
Project Area, including the rehabilitation provision. The Jabiluka 
Undeveloped Property relates to the Jabiluka Mineral Lease 
which is currently subject to a Long Term Care and Maintenance 
Agreement with Traditional Owners.

At 31 December 2019, the property, plant and equipment in 
the Ranger CGU continues to be fully impaired. When capital 
expenditure is incurred it is immediately expensed to the 
Statement of Comprehensive Income. In the year ended  
31 December 2019, $4 million in capital expenditure was 
expensed. 

At the end of each reporting period, ERA assesses whether 
there are any indications that the CGUs may be impaired or 
whether circumstances have changed to indicate reversal of 
prior impairments. This requires judgment in analysing possible 
impacts caused by factors such as the price of uranium oxide, 
foreign exchange movements, project progression, Traditional 
Owner relationships and weather impacts on process water 
inventories. 

ERA assesses the recoverable amount using a fair value less 
costs of disposal (FVLCD) method. ERA conducts impairment 
testing using a probability-weighted discounted cash flow model.

(e) Undeveloped Properties
Undeveloped properties are considered assets not yet ready for 
use. In reporting periods where impairment testing is required, 
the recoverable amount of the undeveloped properties is 
determined using the fair value less costs of disposal method. 
Undeveloped properties consist of the Jabiluka Mineral Lease.

The Jabiluka Mineral Lease is currently subject to a Long Term 
Care and Maintenance Agreement with Traditional Owners. This 
agreement ensures the Jabiluka deposit will not be developed 
without the consent of the Mirarr Traditional Owners. It is 
uncertain that this consent will be forthcoming and, by extension, 
that the Jabiluka deposit will be developed. Should this consent 
not eventuate in the future, the Jabiluka Undeveloped Property 
would face full impairment.

70
70

The valuation of the Jabiluka Mineral Lease requires a high 
degree of judgment. To determine the fair value, ERA uses a 
probability weighted discounted cash flow model, based on 
post-tax cash flows expressed in real terms, estimated until 
the end of the life of mine plan and discounted using an asset-
specific post-tax real discount rate. Results are cross checked 
against market valuations of other undeveloped mining projects 
in the uranium industry and the broader mining sector, including 
market valuations of mining assets subject to long term approval 
constraints. The approach has been reviewed by an external 
valuation expert.

ERA regularly reviews and updates these assumptions and 
assesses potential impairment indicators. In 2019, the review 
did not identify any indicators that the carrying amount of the 
Jabiluka Undeveloped Property may not be recovered in full from 
successful development or sale. This review primarily considered 
the following key factors:

•   uranium consensus price changes based on a set of brokers 
that regularly provide a view on the long term uranium oxide 
price and the ongoing presence of a contract price premium;

•  

long term consensus forecast Australian/US dollar exchange 
rates;

•   probability and timing of development and ongoing 

stakeholder relations; and

•   applicable discount rate.

The review of these factors did not identify any material changes 
that would warrant a full impairment review to be conducted. As 
a result the carrying value of the Jabiluka Undeveloped Property 
remains at $90 million.

Key assumptions to which the Jabiluka model is sensitive 
include: the probability of future development (which includes an 
assessment of obtaining any required approval and/or support 
of various stakeholders including Traditional Owners, regulatory 
bodies and shareholders), uranium oxide prices (including term 
contract price premiums in the future), foreign exchange rates, 
production and capital costs, discount rate, ore reserves and 
mineral resources, lease tenure renewal and development delays. 
A change in these assumptions may result in further impairment.

Selected downside sensitivities to the fair value of the Jabiluka 
CGU and the potential further impact on impairment testing at  
31 December 2019 are summarised below:

Sensitivity

Potential further impairment

-10 per cent change in the 
forecast uranium oxide prices

+20 per cent change in 
development capital

+5 per cent change in forecast 
Australian/US dollar exchange 
rates

+1 per cent change in discount 
rate

$76 million further impairment

$76 million further impairment

$20 million further impairment

$19 million further impairment

ERA’s view remains that Jabiluka is a large, high quality uranium 
ore body of global significance.

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

(f) Inventory net realisable value
The calculation of net realisable value is sensitive to key 
assumptions including: uranium price, Australia/US dollar 
exchange rate and, where applicable, costs to complete.   
The sales price of uranium oxide is denominated in US dollars, 
so fluctuations in the Australian/US dollar exchange rate will 
affect the proceeds received from sales and consequently the 
recoverable amount. 

Inventories are carried at the lower of cost or net realisable  
value in accordance with AASB 102.

No net realisable value adjustments was recorded at  
31 December 2019 (2018:nil).

Where necessary the net realisable value adjustments are 
included in ‘Changes in inventories’ in the statement of 
comprehensive income.

(g) Employee Benefits

During the year ended 31 December 2019, the Company 
continued to develop and plan for the restructure of the work 
force post production. This has now reached a level of detail 
where a provision for benefits payable on termination has been 
recognised in line with Australian Accounting Standards. The total 
provision recognised is $10 million. This is split between current 
liabilities and non current liabilities based on whether the balance 
is forecast to be payable within one year.

Potential termination payments beyond 2021 are yet to be 
recognised due to the level of uncertainty regarding quantum  
and timing.

71
71

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

3 

Revenue

REVENUE FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS

Sale of goods

Rendering of services

Total sales revenue

Other revenue

Interest received/receivable, other parties

Rent received

Contract compensation (uranium oxide)

Dispute settlement

Insurance recoveries

Net gain on sale of property, plant and equipment

Net revenue foreign exchange gain / (loss)

Total other revenue

Total revenue from continuing operations

4 

Expenses

PROFIT/(LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX INCLUDES 
THE FOLLOWING SPECIFIC EXPENSES:

Cost of sales 

Third party produced product U308

Produced product (uranium oxide)

Total cost of sales

Government and other royalties 

Royalty payments

Payments to Indigenous interests

Total Government and other royalties

Financing costs

Other parties

Unwinding of discount (rehabilitation provision)

Total Financing Costs

Other Expenses

Property, plant and equipment expensed

Office and other expenses

Total Other Expenses

Other individually significant expenses

Net expenses foreign exchange (gain)/loss

Short term and low value leases

Interest expense related to leases

Sustainability payment to aboriginal interests

Defined contribution superannuation expense

72
72

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

209,636

201,203

41

70

209,677

201,273

7,571

926

3,083

14,071

101

500

-

26,252

10,293

904

3,194

-

152

-

(204)

14,339

235,929

215,612

NOTES

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

22

22

1,548

138,792

140,340

-

144,432

144,432

2,519

8,566

11,085

1,982

32,598

34,580

3,623

1,891

5,514

(155)

725

40

2,059

3,980

2,437

8,287

10,724

2,070

20,469

22,539

4,334

674

5,008

362

917

-

2,021

3,992

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

5 

Income tax expense/(benefit)

INCOME TAX EXPENSE/(BENEFIT)

Current tax

Deferred tax

Under/(over) provided in prior years

Income tax expense/(benefit)

Deferred income tax (revenue)/expense included in income tax expense comprises:

Decrease/(increase) in deferred tax assets (Note 18B)

(Decrease)/increase in deferred tax liabilities (Note 18A)

Deferred tax

RECONCILIATION OF INCOME TAX EXPENSE TO PRIMA FACIE TAX PAYABLE

Operating loss before income tax

Tax at the Australian tax rate of 30% (2018: 30%)

Tax effect of amounts which are not deductible/(taxable) in calculating taxable income: 

Derecognition of deferred tax assets

Rehabilitation expenditure

Other items

Income tax expense/(benefit)

6 

Dividends

Dividends paid or declared
No dividends have been paid or declared for the year ended 31 December 2019 (2018: nil).

Dividends franking account 

Franking credits available for subsequent financial years  
based on a tax rate of 30% (2018: 30%)

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

-

-

-

-

-

(21,049)

-

(21,049)

(422)

422

2,280

(23,329)

-

(21,049)

6,252

1,876

(456,323)

(136,897)

8,323

(10,192)

(7)

-

126,977

(11,632)

503

(21,049)

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

234,095

234,095

The above amounts represent the balance of the franking account as at the end of the financial year, adjusted for franking credits that 
will arise from the payment of the amount of the provision for income tax as applicable.

The ability to utilise the franking account credits is dependent upon there being sufficient available profits to declare dividends.

73
73

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD  
notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

7 

Cash and cash equivalents

CURRENT

Cash at bank and in hand

Deposits at call

Cash and cash equivalents

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

33,486

175,105

208,591

15,528

298,208

313,736

Cash at bank/Deposits at call
Cash assets and deposits bear floating interest rates between 0 per cent and 2.82 per cent (2018: 0.0 per cent and 2.83 per cent).

Interest rate risk exposure
The Company’s exposure to interest rate risk is discussed in Note 28.

8 

Trade and other receivables

CURRENT

Trade debtors

Amounts due to related parties

Other debtors

Trade and other receivables

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

3,161

3,712

2,527

9,400

2,815

5,016

2,688

10,519

Impairment of receivables
No trade receivables are past due. There is no impairment of trade receivables.

Other debtors relate to transactions outside the usual operating activities of the Company and are predominately concerned with 
receipts from employees and businesses operating within the Jabiru township. These ongoing activities are expected to be settled 
during the 12 months subsequent to balance date.

Foreign exchange and interest rate risk
The Company operates internationally but is primarily exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from currency exposures with respect 
to the US dollar. 

A summarised analysis of the sensitivity of trade and other receivables to foreign exchange and interest rate risk can be found in 
Note 28.

Fair value and credit risk
Due to the short-term nature of trade and other receivables, their carrying amount approximates their fair value.

The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying amount of each class of receivables mentioned above. 

The Company does not hold any collateral as security. Refer to Note 28 for more information on the financial risk management policy 
of the Company.

9 

Inventories – current

Stores and spares

Work in progress at cost

Finished product U3O8 at cost

Total current Inventory

74
74

2019 
$’000

16,214

3,808

124,259

144,281

2018 
$’000

15,913

1,879

97,560

115,352

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

Inventory expense
Obsolescence of inventory provided for and recognised as an expense during the year ended 31 December 2019 amounted to 
$104,542 (2018: $141,812).

Write-downs of inventories to net realisable value recognised as an expense during the year ended 31 December 2019 amounted to 
$Nil (2018: $Nil). 

10  Other assets

Prepayments

11 

Inventories – non-current

Finished product U3O8 at cost

12  Undeveloped properties

Jabiluka: Long-term care and maintenance development project

Balance brought forward

Amount capitalised during the year

Non-cash impairment change

Total undeveloped properties

2019 
$’000

5,785

2018 
$’000

1,484

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

28,118

30,104

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

89,856

203,632

-

-

-

(113,776)

89,856

89,856

Undeveloped properties are considered an asset not yet ready for use. In reporting periods where impairment testing is required, the 
the recoverable amount of the undeveloped properties is determined using the fair value less cost of disposal method.

Fair value less cost of disposal is determined using a discounted cash flow model. In 2019 no impairment test was required as 
a trigger assessment did not identify any indicators that the carrying amount of the Jabiluka Undeveloped Property may not be 
recoverable in full from successful development or sale. Key assumptions the fair value is most sensitive to include: 

uranium prices;
foreign exchange rates;
production and capital costs;
discount rate; 

• 
• 
• 
• 
•  Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources; and
• 

probability of future development.

As a result of identifying an indicator of impairment at 30 June 2018 ERA conducted an impairment review of the Jabiluka 
Undeveloped Property. In determining the value assigned to each key assumption, the Company used external sources of information 
and utilised the expertise of external consultants to validate entity-specific assumptions. Further, the Company’s cash flow forecasts 
were based on estimates of future uranium prices, which are based on long term broker consensus forecasts and assume a premium 
for long term contracts. ERA concluded that the fair value of the Jabiluka Undeveloped Property amounted to $89.9 million, resulting 
in an after tax impairment charge of $90.4 million, comprising impairment charge of $113.8 million, partially offset by the release of a 
deferred tax liability of $23.4 million as at June 2018.

A review of possible indicatiors of impairment was conducted in 2019 with no factors identified that indicate the Jabiluka Undeveloped 
Property faced further impairment. Further details can be found in Note 2.

The recoverable amount is dependent on the development and life of the ore body together with the term and continuity of the mining 
lease. It reflects expected future cashflows contained in the long term asset plan with an adjustment of cashflows expected to take 
into account project development risk. The Company has projected cashflows for the period of the current mining lease, together with  
a ten year renewal period.

75
75

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

The Jabiluka Mineral Lease is currently under long-term care and maintenance. The Company has agreed that future mining 
development will not occur without the consent of the Mirarr Traditional Owners.  It is uncertain that this consent will be forthcoming 
and, by extension, that the Jabiluka deposit will be developed. Should this consent not eventuate in the future, the Jabiluka 
Undeveloped Property would face full impairment. 

The discount rate applied to the future cash flow forecasts represents an estimate of the rate the market would apply having regard to 
the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the future cash flow estimates have not been adjusted.

13  Property, plant and equipment 

MINE LAND AND 
BUILDINGS 
$’000

PLANT AND 
EQUIPMENT 
$’000

MINE 
PROPERTIES 
$’000

REHAB-
ILITATION 
$’000

RIGHT OF 
USE ASSETS 
$’000

TOTAL 
$’000

YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 
2019

Opening net book amount

Additions

Disposals

Depreciation charged to 
rehabilitation provision

Depreciation/amortisation 
charge

Additons immediately impaired

Closing net book amount

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3,623

-

-

-

(3,623)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Cost

110,845

1,179,347

421,700

342,327

-

5,266

-

(877)

(176)

-

4,213

5,266

-

8,889

-

(877)

(176)

(3,623)

4,213

2,059,485

(110,845)

(1,179,347)

(421,700)

(342,327)

(1,053)

(2,055,272)

Accumulated depreciation/
amortisation/impairment/writeoffs

Net book amount

YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER
2018

Opening net book amount

Additions

Disposals

Change in estimate

Additons immediately impaired

Closing net book amount

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4,334

-

-

(4,334)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Cost

110,845

1,175,724

421,700

342,327

Accumulated depreciation/
amortisation/impairment

Net book amount

(110,845)

(1,175,724)

(421,700)

(342,327)

-

-

-

-

76
76

4,213

4,213

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4,334

-

-

(4,334)

-

2,050,596

(2,050,596)

-

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

Right of use assets
Right of use assets include buildings at $881,000 and equipment used for rehabilitation at $3,332,000.

Assets under construction
The cost of the assets disclosed above include the following expenditure disclosed in property, plant and equipment which is in the 
course of construction:

Plant and equipment

2019 
$’000

2,220

2018 
$’000

1,618

77
77

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

14 

Investment in trust fund

NON-CURRENT

Trust Fund

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

76,333

74,715

Trust Fund
The Ranger Rehabilitation Trust Fund holds a restricted fixed term investment in the form of bank bills which mature and are 
reinvested periodically. The Trust Fund is held at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) and is classified as a non-current receivable. 
The applicable weighted average interest rate for the year ended 31 December 2019 was 2.02 per cent (2018: 2.47 per cent).

15  Payables

CURRENT

Trade payables

Amounts due to related parties

Other payables

Total payables

16  Provisions – current

CURRENT

Employee benefits

Rehabilitation

Total current provisions

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

39,735

910

820

36,059

1,110

708

41,465

37,877

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

13,856

123,495

137,351

10,357

91,876

102,233

Employee benefits provision
During 2019 a provision for benefits payable on termination of employment was recognised. A total of $10.1 million was recognised, 
with $3.1 million classified as a current provision and $7.0 million classified as a non current provision (Note 17). Further details are 
in Note 2(g). The remaining employee benefits relate to annual leave and long service leave. Entitlements currently payable are 
classified as current provisions and entitlements due in greater than 12 months are classified as non current provsions.

Movements in rehabilitation provision
Movements in the rehabilitation provision during the financial year are set out below:

2019

Carrying amount at the start of the year

Payments

Utilisation of lease assets

Transfer from non-current provision

Carrying amount at the end of the year

78
78

REHABILITATION 
$’000

91,876

(91,965)

(877)

124,461

123,495

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD  
notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

2018

Carrying amount at the start of the year

Payments

Transfer from non-current provision

Carrying amount at the end of the year

17  Provisions – non-current

NON-CURRENT

Employee benefits (Note 16)

Rehabilitation

Carrying amount at the end of the year

REHABILITATION 
$’000

71,640

(58,946)

79,182

91,876

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

11,598

646,672

658,270

3,350

738,535

741,885

Movements in rehabilitation provision
As a result of the Ranger Cash Generating Unit being fully impaired in 2016, the 2018 changes in rehabilitation estimates were 
allocated directly to the Statement of Comprehensive Income. Movements in the rehabilitation provision during the financial year are 
set out below:

2019

Carrying amount at the start of the year

Change in estimate

Unwinding of discount

Transfer to current provision

Carrying amount at the end of the year

2018

Carrying amount at the start of the year

Change in estimate

Unwinding of discount

Transfer to current provision

Carrying amount at the end of the year

REHABILITATION 
$’000

738,535

-

32,598

(124,461)

646,672

REHABILITATION 
$’000

454,049

343,199

20,469

(79,182)

738,535

79
79

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

18  Deferred tax liability

(A) DEFERRED TAX LIABILITY

The balance comprises temporary differences attributable to:

Amounts recognised in profit and loss

Investment in trust fund

Inventories

Receivables

Total deferred tax liabilities

Off-set of deferred tax asset pursuant to set-off provisions (Note 18B)

Net deferred tax liabilities

Movements

Opening balance at 1 January

(Credited)/debited to the income statement (Note 5)

Closing balance at 31 December

(B) DEFERRED TAX ASSETS

The balance comprises temporary differences attributable to:

Amounts recognised in profit and loss

Property, plant and equipment

Employee provisions

Other

Total deferred tax assets

Set-off of deferred tax liabilities pursuant to set-off provisions (Note 18A)

Net deferred tax assets

Movements

Opening balance at 1 January

Credited to the income statement (Note 5)

Closing balance at 31 December

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

22,901

22,415

3,780

460

3,734

570

27,141

26,719

(27,141)

(26,719)

-

-

26,719

50,048

422

(23,329)

27,141

26,719

15,337

20,331

7,642

4,162

4,111

2,277

27,141

26,719

(27,141)

(26,719)

-

-

26,719

422

27,141

28,999

(2,280)

26,719

80
80

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

19  Share capital

SHARE CAPITAL

A Class shares fully paid

Total contributed equity

2019 
SHARES

2018 
SHARES

517,725,062

517,725,062

2019 
$’000

706,485

706,485

2018 
$’000

706,485

706,485

Following completion of the Entitlement Offer on 25 February 2020, A class shares increased to 3,173,658,136. 

Ordinary shares entitle the holder to participate in dividends and the proceeds on winding up of the Company in proportion to the 
number of shares held. 

On a show of hands every holder of ordinary shares present at a shareholders’ meeting in person or by proxy, is entitled to one vote, 
and upon a poll each share is entitled to one vote.

Capital risk management
Details of the Company’s exposure to risks when managing capital are set out in Note 28.

20  Reserves and retained profits

RESERVES

Share-based payments reserve

Capital reconstruction

Total Reserves

Movements

Share-based payments reserve

Balance 1 January

Option expense

Balance 31 December

Capital reconstruction

Balance 1 January

Movements

Balance 31 December

ACCUMULATED LOSSES

Movements in retained profits were as follows:

Opening retained earnings – 1 January

Net profit/(loss) for the year

Closing retained earnings/(accumulated losses) – 31 December

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

(752)

389,500

388,748

(603)

389,500

388,897

(603)

(149)

(752)

(200)

(403)

(603)

389,500

389,500

-

-

389,500

389,500

(1,376,172)

(940,898)

6,252

(435,274)

(1,369,920)

(1,376,172)

Nature and purpose of reserves
The share based payments reserve is used to recognise the fair value of equity instruments issued to employees but not exercised.

Capital reconstruction reserve
In June 1995, the Company reduced its share capital by cancelling $0.95 of the capital paid up on each issued share and reducing 
the par value of each issued share from $1.00 to $0.05. The cancelled capital (comprising $389,500,000 in total) was credited to a 
Capital Reconstruction Reserve. The Company has the ability to distribute capital to shareholders from this reserve.

81
81

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

21  Contingencies

Contingent liabilities
Legal actions against the Company:

The remaining argument in the action listed in the Federal Court against the former Commonwealth Minister for Resources and the 
Company claiming that due process was not followed in granting approvals for the Jabiluka Mill Alternative is dormant. Should the 
Company proceed with the Jabiluka Mill Alternative, notice will be given to the applicant who may or may not wish to pursue the 
argument further.

No material losses are anticipated in respect of the contingent liability disclosed above.

22  Commitments

Capital commitments
Capital expenditure contracted for at the reporting date is as follows:

Within one year

2019 
$’000

481

2018 
$’000

3,158

Lease commitments 
Future lease payments for short-term and low value leases not provided for in the financial statements and payable: 

Commitments in relation to leases contracted for at the reporting 
date but not recognised as liabilities, payable

Within one year

Later than one year but not later than five years

Total short-term and low value leases

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

100

-

100

367

50

417

The Company leases information technology equipment and small site tooling under short-term and low value leases expiring in less 
than one year. 

Lease commitments recognised in the balance sheet 
Lease liabilities recognised in the balance sheet are classified as a current liablity when payable within one year and a non-current 
liability when payable in greater than one year. No leases have payments due in greater than three years. 

Mineral tenement leases
Future mineral tenement lease payments not provided for in the financial statements and payable:

Within one year

Later than one year but not later than five years

Later than five years

Total mineral tenement leases

2019 
$’000

1,189

1,610

-

2,799

2018 
$’000

1,172

2,711

102

3,985

In order to maintain current rights of tenure to mining tenements, the Company will be required to outlay an amount of $1.2 million 
in the year ending 31 December 2020 in respect of tenement lease rentals. This includes payments for the Ranger Project Area and 
Jabiluka Lease. In 2019, lease payments for the Ranger Project Area have been removed from lease commitments and allocated to 
mining tenement leases. The 2018 comparitive has been updated for consistency.

82
82

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD  
 
 
 
notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

The Company is liable to make payments to the Commonwealth as listed below:
(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

An annual amount equal to the sum payable by the Commonwealth to the Northern Land Council pursuant to the Section 
44 Agreement for rent for the duration of the agreement. This amounted to $1,036,232 for 2019 and is indexed for future  
years.
Amounts equal to the sums payable by the Commonwealth to the Aboriginal Benefits Reserve pursuant to a determination  
under Section 63(5) (b) of the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976. The Company is required to pay 2.5 
per cent of Ranger net sales revenue to the Commonwealth and 1.75 per cent of Ranger net sales revenue to the Northern 
Land Council or an entity representing the Mirarr Traditional Owners as directed by the Northern Land Council (amounts 
paid during 2019: $8,565,674; 2018: $8,286,580).
Amounts equal to sums payable by the Commonwealth to the Northern Territory pursuant to an understanding in respect of 
financial arrangements between the Commonwealth and the Government of the Northern Territory. These amounts are also 
calculated as though they were royalties and the relevant rate is 1.25 per cent of Ranger net sales revenue (amounts paid 
during 2019:$2,519,316; 2018:$2,437,229) .

The Company is liable to make payments to the Northern Land Council pursuant to the Section 43 Agreement between 
Pancontinental Mining Limited and Getty Oil Development Company Limited and the Northern Land Council dated 21 July 1982, 
which was assigned to the Company with the consent of the Northern Land Council, as listed below:

(i) 
(ii) 

Up front payment of $3,400,000 on the commencement of production at Jabiluka.
Annual royalty payments calculated at 4.5 per cent of net sales revenue less $500,000 less any amounts paid to the 
Aboriginal Benefits Reserve by the Commonwealth under the conditions specified in the Jabiluka Mineral Lease for the first 
10 years and thereafter at 5 per cent of net sales revenue less any amounts paid to the Aboriginal Benefits Reserve by the 
Commonwealth under the conditions specified in the mineral lease (refer commitment below).

The Company is liable to make payments to the Commonwealth in respect of the Jabiluka project pursuant to the conditions attached 
to the mineral lease. The amount payable was, until 30 June 1990, calculated at the rate of 5.25 per cent of net sales revenue from 
the Jabiluka project. The Jabiluka project is now under long term care and maintenance and will not be developed without the consent 
of the Mirarr Traditional Owners. 

23  Auditor’s remuneration

During the year the auditor of the Company earned the following remuneration:

PricewaterhouseCoopers Australian firm

Audit and review of financial reports

Audit and review of financial reports (additional prior year fees)

Other non-audit related services

Total remuneration of PricewaterhouseCoopers Australia

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

275

65

316

656

290

10

-

300

83
83

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD  
 
 
                                                                                                                                  
notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

24  Related parties

Directors
The names of persons who were Directors of the Company at any time during the financial year are as follows:

Peter Mansell, Shane Charles, Paul Dowd, Paul Arnold, Zara Fisher (resigned 7 August 2019), Andrea Sutton and Justin Carey 
(appointed 7 August 2019). 

Information relating to Directors’ compensation, shareholdings and retirement benefits is set out in the Remuneration Report in the 
Directors’ Report.

Key management personnel 

Key management personnel and Directors’ compensation  

Short-term employee benefits

Post-employment benefits

Share-based payments

2019 
$’000

3,018

196

465

2018 
$’000

2,974

226

353

3,679

3,553

In compliance with Corporations Regulations 2001 2M.3.03 the Company has provided detailed remuneration disclosures in the 
Director’s report. The relevant information can be found in the Remuneration Report on pages 33 to 36.

Loans with Directors and key management personnel
There were no loans with Directors or key management personnel during 2019 (2018: Nil).

Transactions with Directors and Director-related entities
There were no transactions with Directors or Director-related entities other than Rio Tinto Limited during 2019 (2018: nil). Details of 
transactions with Rio Tinto Group Companies are outlined below.

Ultimate parent entity
The ultimate parent entity is Rio Tinto Limited. This interest is held through North Limited (incorporated in Victoria, Australia) which 
has beneficial ownership of 86.3 per cent of the issued ordinary shares of the Company. North Ltd owns 52.0 per cent directly and  
the remaining 34.3 per cent through its subsidiary, Peko-Wallsend Pty Ltd. This follows the completion of the Entitlement Offer on  
25 February 2020, prior to this Rio Tinto Limited held 68.4 per cent.

Interest income
Interest income is received from Rio Tinto Finance Ltd which holds cash on behalf of the Company.

84
84

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

Transactions with related parties
The following transactions occurred with related parties:

Management services fees paid to ultimate parent entity:

Rio Tinto Group Companies

Consulting fees paid to:

Rio Tinto Group Companies

Other reimbursements paid for commercial services received:

Rio Tinto Group Companies

Amounts received from related parties:

Rio Tinto Group Companies – sales 

Rio Tinto Group Companies – interest

Dividends paid to:

Related parties – North Ltd

Related parties – Peko-Wallsend Pty Ltd

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

(91)

(91)

(1,770)

(2,193)

(12,929)

(12,154)

208,883

202,327

1,471

1,105

-

-

-

-

Amounts received from related parties include sales of uranium oxide at market price.  The Company is party to a marketing 
agreement with Rio Tinto Uranium on the basis that it represented a superior value to the Company then alternative marketing 
agreements considered. Under the revised marketing agreement, uranium oxide produced by the Company is sold to Rio Tinto 
Uranium a related party of Rio Tinto plc.

Outstanding balances arising from sales/purchases of goods and services
The following balances are outstanding at the reporting date in relation to transactions with related parties:

Aggregate amounts received from and payable to each class of other related parties at balance 
date were as follows:

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

Current assets - cash assets

Related parties - Rio Tinto Finance Ltd

Current assets - receivables

Related parties - Rio Tinto Group Companies

Current liabilities - creditors

Related parties - Rio Tinto Group Companies

Current liabilities - income received in advance

Related parties - Rio Tinto Group Companies

All related party transactions were conducted on arm’s length terms and conditions and at market rates.

55,105

98,208

3,712

5,016

910

1,110

-

34,561

85
85

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD  
                                                                                                                                 
notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

25  Segment information

Description of segments
Management has determined the operating segment based on the reports reviewed by the Chief Executive that are used to make strategic 
decisions.

The Chief Executive considers the business from a product prospective and has identified only one reportable segment in the year ended 31 
December 2019, being the mining, processing and selling of uranium. There are no other unallocated operations. 

Primary reporting – business segments
The segment information provided to the Chief Executive for the reportable segment is as follows:

Revenue from external customers

Other revenue 

Total segment revenue 

Segment result 

Income Tax Benefit

Profit/(loss) for the year

Segment assets 

Total assets

Segment liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Acquisitions of non-current assets

Non-cash Impairment charge

Depreciation and amortisation expenses

Net (gain)/loss on sale of property, plant and equipment

URANIUM

2019 
$’000

2018 
$’000

209,677

201,273

26,252

14,339

235,929

215,612

6,252

(456,323)

-

21,049

6,252

(435,274)

566,577

566,577

841,264

841,264

3,623

635,766

635,766

916,556

916,556

4,334

-

113,766

176

(500)

-

-

86
86

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

Other segment information

Segment revenue
The revenue from external parties reported to the Chief Executive is measured in a manner consistent with that in the 
income statement.

Revenues from external customers are derived from the sale of uranium. A breakdown of revenue and results is provided in the tables 
below. Segment revenue reconciles to total revenue from continuing operations as disclosed in Note 3.

The Company is domiciled in Australia. The result of its revenue from external customers in other countries is outlined in the 
table below:

Asia

Total revenue

SEGMENT REVENUES  
FROM SALES TO  
EXTERNAL CUSTOMERS

2019 
$’000

209,636

209,636

2018 
$’000

201,203

201,203

Segment revenues are allocated based on the country in which the customer is located. During 2017 the Company entered into a 
revised marketing agreement with Rio Tinto Uranium based in Asia.  Details are disclosed in Note 24.

Segment assets
The amounts provided to the Chief Executive with respect to total assets are measured in a manner consistent with that of the 
financial statements. These assets are allocated based on the operations of the segment and the physical location of the asset. 
Segment assets include all assets used by a segment and consist primarily of operating cash, receivables, inventories, property, plant 
and equipment and other assets, net of provisions.

All assets of the Company as at 31 December 2019 are in Australia with the exception of inventories in transit or at converters 
of $122,715,101 (2018: $57,344,834). All acquisitions of property, plant and equipment and other non-current assets occurred in 
Australia.

Segment liabilities
The amounts provided to the Chief Executive with respect to total liabilities are measured in a manner consistent with that of the 
financial statements. These liabilities are allocated based on the operations of the segment. Segment liabilities consist primarily of 
trade and other creditors, employee entitlements and provisions. The Company does not have any borrowings or derivative financial 
instruments as at 31 December 2019.

87
87

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

26  Reconciliation of loss after income tax to net cash inflow/(outflow) from  

operating activities

Profit/(Loss) for the year

Add/(less) items classified as investing/financing activities:

2019 
$’000

6,252

2018 
$’000

(435,274)

Net (gain)/loss on sale or write-off of non-current assets

3,123

4,334

Add/(less) non-cash items:

Depreciation and amortisation

Non cash impairment charge

Rehabilitation provision: unwinding of discount

Employee benefits: share based payments

Net exchange differences

Change in operating assets and liabilities

(Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables

(Increase)/decrease in inventories

(Increase)/decrease in other assets

(Increase)/decrease in investment in trust fund

(Decrease)/increase in payables

(Increase)/decrease in net deferred tax assets

(Decrease)/increase in provisions

Net cash inflow/(outflow) provided from operating activities

27  Earnings per share 

Basic earnings per share

Diluted earnings per share

176

-

32,598

1,270

17

(33,442)

(26,944)

(4,301)

(1,618)

3,588

-

(80,219)

(99,500)

-

113,776

20,469

665

3

(13,036)

(29,530)

(1,011)

(1,814)

1,100

(21,049)

285,031

(76,336)

2019 
CENTS

1.2

1.2

2018 
CENTS

(84.1)

(84.1)

Earnings used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share: 2019: $6,252,075 (2018: ($435,273,942)).
Weighted average number of ordinary shares on issue used in calculation of basic earnings per share: 2019: 517,725,062 shares 
(2018: 517,725,062). Earnings per share has been calculated on the basis of the Company’s issued capital prior to the issue of 
shares under the pro-rata entitlement offer approved on 15 November 2019.

28  Financial risk management
The Company carries out risk management under policies approved by the Board of Directors. The Board provides principles for 
overall risk management, as well as written policies covering specific areas, such as mitigating interest rate and other risks, use of 
derivative and non-derivative financial instruments. 

The Company’s business is mining and not trading. Accordingly, the Company only contracts to sell uranium that it plans to produce, 
however purchasing uranium for resale may be required in circumstances where actual production falls short of contractual sales 
volumes. The Company operates entirely in Australia and is exposed primarily to Australian dollar denominated costs. Sales are 
primarily denominated in US dollars.

Market risk
The Company markets its products internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from various currency exposures, 
primarily with respect to the US dollar. Foreign exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions and recognised assets and 
liabilities that are denominated in a currency that is not the entity’s functional currency. The risk is measured using sensitivity analysis 
and cash flow forecasting.

88
88

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

The Company’s exposure to foreign currency risk at the reporting date was as follows:

Trade receivables

Trade payables

2019
USD 
$’000

2,512

(181)

2018 
USD 
$’000

3,364

(275)

Group sensitivity
At 31 December 2019, had the Australian Dollar weakened/strengthened by 10 per cent against the US Dollar with all other  
variables held constant, the change in trade receivables would have affected pre-tax profit for the year by $358,704 higher/lower 
(2018: $477,596 higher/lower).

At 31 December 2019, had the Australian Dollar weakened/strengthened by 10 per cent against the US Dollar with all other  
variables held constant, the change in trade payables would have effected pre-tax profit for the year by $25,802 higher/lower  
(2018: $38,982 higher/lower). 

Commodity price risk
In the absence of uranium being traded on global futures exchanges, the Company uses a combination of both fixed and market price 
related contracts for future sales to manage this exposure. No financial instruments are used by the Company to manage commodity 
price risk.

Interest rate risk
The Company’s main interest rate risk arises from cash on deposit. When cash is surplus to operational and investing requirements 
it is invested in lump sum deposits to maximise interest received. In addition, the Company is exposed to interest rate risk on cash in 
the Ranger Rehabilitation Trust Fund. 

Credit risk
The Company has policies in place to ensure that sales of products are made to customers with an appropriate credit history. Where 
customers are rated by an independent credit rating agency, these ratings are used to set credit limits. If no independent rating exists, 
the credit quality of the customer is subject to extensive assessment. Letters of credit and other forms of credit insurance are also 
used as required. Cash transactions and cash invested through the Ranger Rehabilitation Trust Fund are limited to high credit quality 
financial institutions. The Company has policies that limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution. 

TRADE RECEIVABLES

AA

A

BBB

Other

2019 
$’000

-

6,873

-

-

2018 
$’000

-

7,831

-

-

Liquidity and capital risk
ERA’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard ERA’s ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for 
shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital.

ERA does not have a target debt to equity ratio, but has a policy of maintaining a flexible financing structure to be able to fund capital 
expenditure programs, pay dividends and fund expansion opportunities as they arise. This policy is balanced against the desire to ensure 
efficiency in the debt/equity structure of ERA’s balance sheet in the longer term through pro-active capital management programs.

The future liquidity and capital requirements of ERA will depend on many factors. As a result of the increase in the rehabilitation 
provision in 2018, ERA has undertaken an Entitlement Offer to raise approximately $476 million (refer to Note 29 below). Following 
the finalisation of the Entitlement Offer ERA considers that it has adequate cash available to fully rehabilitate the Ranger Project Area. 
As a result no material uncertainty exists over ERA’s ability to continue as a going concern.

In April 2016, ERA entered into a $100 million credit facility agreement with Rio Tinto. This agreement remains in place.

89
89

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD      
notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

Each year, ERA is required to prepare and submit to the Commonwealth Government an Annual Plan of Rehabilitation. Once 
accepted by the Commonwealth Government, the annual plan is then independently assessed and costed and the amount to be 
provided by ERA into the Ranger Rehabilitation Trust Fund (Trust Fund) is then determined. The Trust Fund includes both cash and 
financial guarantees.

ERA’s ability to continue to access these financial guarantees can be influenced by many factors including future cash balance, cash 
flows and shareholder support. Guarantees are subject to periodic review by the banks. Shoud the Company at any point be unable 
to access fianancial guarantees, substantial additional cash would be required to be deposited into the Trust Fund. In the scenario 
where this occurs ERA’s cash reserves available to fund operations would reduce. The balance of bank guarantees, and Trust Fund 
Cash held is currently $410 million. In late January 2020, the independent assessor notified ERA that the estimated Annual Plan of 
Rehabilitation would increase to $671 million.  ERA is questioning certain elements of that assessment, but does not expect the final 
amount to be materially different to the independent assessment. ERA anticipates that the relevant Commonwealth Minister will finally 
determine the revised security amount and require ERA to provide the additional security into the Trust Fund later in quarter 1 of 2020. 
At this time, ERA will evaluate the appropriate mix of bank guarantees and Trust Fund Cash held. This may result in a significant 
increase in Trust Fund Cash held.

ERA places cash deposits with a mix of approved financial institutions. ERA monitors these deposits periodically with a view of 
maximising interest revenue, minimising risk and exposure to any one financial institution and cash liquidity. Consequently, ERA holds 
a variety of term deposits and at call cash accounts.

ERA currently has no debt and $285 million in total cash resources (comprising $209 million of cash on hand or at call  and $76 million 
invested as part of the Trust Fund).

Fair value estimation
The carrying value less impairment provision of trade receivables and payables is a reasonable approximation of their fair values due 
to the short-term nature of these amounts. 

29  Events occurring after the reporting period
On 15 November 2019, the Company announced a pro-rata renounceable entitlement offer of 6.13 new fully paid ERA ordinary shares 
to fund its rehabilitation obligations for the Ranger Project Area (Entitlement Offer). The terms and conditions of the Entitlement Offer 
are set out in an Offer Information Booklet released on 15 November 2019.

The Entitlement Offer was fully underwritten by North Limited (the Underwriter or North), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Rio Tinto, 
pursuant to an Underwriting Agreement dated 15 November 2019 (Underwriting Agreement).  

On 11 December 2019, the Takeovers Panel (Initial Panel) made a declaration of unacceptable circumstances and orders in relation to 
an application dated 18 November 2019 by Zentree Investments Limited in relation to the affairs of ERA. Copies of the Initial Panel’s 
declaration and orders are reproduced on the Panel’s website at:

http://www.takeovers.gov.au/content/Media_Releases/2019/downloads/MR19-078.pdf   

On 13 December 2019, Rio Tinto lodged an application for a review of the Initial Panel’s decision. On 20 January 2020, the review 
Panel (Review Panel) affirmed the decision of the Initial Panel to make a declaration of unacceptable circumstances and varied the 
Initial Panel’s orders. Copies of the Review Panel’s declaration and the variations ordered by the Review Panel are reproduced on the 
Panel’s website at: 

https://www.takeovers.gov.au/content/Media_Releases/2020/downloads/MR20-005.pdf

New shares under the Entitlement Offer were issued on 25 February 2020. Following the issue of the new shares to Rio Tinto under 
the Entitlement Offer and Underwriting Agreement, Rio Tinto’s relevant interests in the Company increased from 68.4 to 86.3 per cent.

No other matters or circumstances has arisen since the end of the financial year that have significantly affected, or may significantly 
affect the operations or state of affairs of the Company in subsequent financial years.

30  Share-based payments
ERA participates in a number of share-based payment plans administered by Rio Tinto plc and Rio Tinto Limited, which are described 
in detail in the Remuneration Report. These plans have been accounted for in accordance with the fair value recognition provisions of 
AASB2, ‘Share-based Payment’.

90
90

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD -

-

-

-

Weighted average fair  
value at grant date

2018

Rio Tinto Limited

Weighted average fair 
value at grant date

notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

Rio Tinto Performance Share Awards
The Rio Tinto Performance Share Award (PSA) details are described in the Remuneration Report. The awards are accounted for in 
accordance with the requirements applying to equity-settled sharebased payments transactions. The fair value of each award on the 
day of grant is set equal to the share price on the day of grant. No forfeitures are assumed. A summary of the status of shares granted 
under the share plan at 31 December 2019, and changes during the year, is presented below:

BALANCE  
AT START  
OF THE 
YEAR

GRANTED 
DURING  
THE YEAR

TRANSFERS 
IN/(OUT)

EXERCISED 
DURING  
THE YEAR

FORFEITED 
DURING 
THE YEAR

BALANCE  
AT END OF  
THE YEAR

VESTED AND 
EXER-
CISABLE AT 
END OF  
THE YEAR

2019

Rio Tinto Limited

2,827

2,229

$83.61

$93.17

-

-

-

-

-

-

5,056

$87.82

1,058

2,622

(238)

(427)

(188)

2,827

$39.25 

$83.37

$55.24

$34.52

$34.52

$83.61

The weighted average share price at the date of exercise of conditional grants of shares exercised during the year ended 31 December 
2019 was $Nil (2018: $82.25).

The weighted average remaining contractual life of conditional grants of shares outstanding at the end of the period was four years 
(2018: five years).

Where shares are issued to employees of subsidiaries within the Rio Tinto Group, the subsidiaries compensate the parent for the 
amount recognised as expense in relation to these shares.

myShare Savings Plan
The myShare plan was introduced to all eligible staff members in 2013 and is described in the Remuneration Report. Awards under 
this plan are settled in equity and accounted for accordingly. The fair value of each award on the day of grant is set equal to the share 
price on the day of grant.

A summary of the status of conditional shares granted under the plan at 31 December 2019, and changes during the year, is 
presented below:

BALANCE  
AT START  
OF THE 
YEAR

GRANTED 
DURING  
THE YEAR

TRANSFERS 
IN/(OUT)

VESTED 
DURING  
THE YEAR

FORFEITED 
DURING 
THE YEAR

BALANCE  
AT END OF  
THE YEAR

VESTED AND 
EXERCISABLE 
AT END OF  
THE YEAR

14,067

5,594

212

(5,635)

(2,273)

11,965

$78.13

$91.21

$60.27

$46.15

$60.27

$83.93

16,103

4,987

(111)

(5,405)

(1,507)

14,067

$61.69

$78.80

$62.32

$51.87

$62.32

$78.13

-

-

-

-

2019

Rio Tinto Limited

Weighted average 
exercise price

2018

Rio Tinto Limited

Weighted average 
exercise price

The weighted average share price at the date of exercise of conditional grants of shares exercised regularly during the year ended 
31 December 2019 was $93.82 (2018: $78.18). 

The weighted average remaining contractual life of conditional grants of shares outstanding at the end of the period was two years 
(2018: two years).

Where shares are issued to employees of subsidiaries within the Rio Tinto Group, the subsidiaries compensate the parent for the 
amount recognised as expense in relation to these shares.

91
91

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

Rio Tinto Management Share Awards
The Rio Tinto Management Share Award (MSA) which are described in the Remuneration Report. The awards will be settled in 
equity including the dividends accumulated from date of award to vesting. The awards are accounted for in accordance with the 
requirements applying to equity-settled share-based payment transactions. The fair value of each award on the day of grant is set 
equal to share price on the day of grant. No forfeitures were assumed. A summary of the status of shares granted under the MSA plan 
at 31 December 2019, and changes during the year, is presented below:

BALANCE  
AT START  
OF THE 
YEAR

GRANTED 
DURING  
THE YEAR

TRANSFERS 
IN/(OUT)

EXERCISED 
DURING  
THE YEAR

FORFEITED 
DURING 
THE YEAR

BALANCE  
AT END OF  
THE YEAR

VESTED 
AND EXER-
CISABLE 
AT END OF  
THE YEAR

2019

Rio Tinto Limited

14,969

4,767

Weighted average fair 
value at grant date

2018

$62.17

$89.27

-

-

(5,095)

$44.59

Rio Tinto Limited

16,246

5,527

(1,708)

(5,096)

Weighted average fair 
value at grant date

$52.75

$81.55

$59.62

$54.02

-

-

-

-

14,641

$77.12

14,969

$62.17

-

-

-

-

The weighted average share price at the date of exercise of conditional grants of shares exercised regularly during the year ended 
31 December 2019 was $94.32 (2018: $82.48).

The weighted average remaining contractual life of conditional grants of shares outstanding at the end of the period was two years 
(2018: two years).

Where shares are issued to employees of subsidiaries within the Rio Tinto Group, the subsidiaries compensate the parent for the 
amount recognised as expense in relation to these shares.

Bonus Deferral Plan
The Bonus Deferral Award (BDA) is detailed and described in the Remuneration Report. These awards were established for the 
mandatory deferral of a specific percentage of the Chief Executive’s Short Term Incentive Plan bonus payment into Rio Tinto shares. 
The vesting of these awards is dependent only on service conditions being met. The awards will be settled in equity including the 
dividends accumulated from date of award to vesting. The awards are accounted for in accordance with the requirements applying to 
equity-settled share based payment transactions. The fair value of each award on the day of grant is equal to share price on the day 
of grant less a small adjustment for the timing of dividends vesting. No forfeitures are assumed.

BALANCE  
AT START  
OF THE 
YEAR

GRANTED 
DURING  
THE YEAR

TRANSFERS 
IN/(OUT)

EXERCISED 
DURING  
THE YEAR

FORFEITED 
DURING THE 
YEAR

BALANCE  
AT END OF  
THE YEAR

VESTED 
AND  EXER-
CISABLE 
AT END OF  
THE YEAR

745

530

$83.39

$93.17

-

-

-

-

745

$83.39

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,275

$87.45

745

$83.39

-

-

-

-

2019

Rio Tinto Limited

Weighted average fair 
value at grant date

2018

Rio Tinto Limited

Weighted average fair 
value at grant date

The weighted average share price at the date of exercise of conditional grants of shares exercised during the year ended 31 
December 2019 was $Nil (2018: Nil). 

92
92

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD notes to tHe FInAnCIAL stAteMents

The weighted average remaining contractual life of conditional grants of shares outstanding at the end of the period was 2 years 
(2018: 2 years).

Where shares are issued to employees of subsidiaries within the Rio Tinto Group, the subsidiaries compensate the parent for the 
amount recognised as expense in relation to these shares. 

Expenses arising from share-based payment transactions
Total expenses arising from share-based payment transactions recognised during the period as part of employee benefit expense 
were as follows:

Share based payment expense

2019 
$’000

1,270

2018 
$’000

665

93
93

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD DIReCtoR's DeCLARAtIon

In the Directors’ opinion:

(a)  

 the financial statements and notes set out on pages 58 to 93 are in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), 
including:

(i) 

(ii)  

 complying with Accounting Standards, the Corporations Regulations 2001 and other mandatory professional  
reporting requirements; and 
 giving a true and fair view of the Company’s financial position as at 31 December 2019 and of its performance for 
the financial year ended on that date; and

(b)  

 there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Company will be able to pay its debts as and when they become due and 
payable. Note 1 (a) confirms that the financial statements also comply with International Financial Reporting Standards as 
issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

The Directors have been given the declarations by the Chief Executive and the Chief Financial Officer required by section 295A of the 
Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). This declaration is made in accordance with a resolution of the directors.

P Mansell
Perth

6 March 2020

9494

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD  
 
InDePenDent AUDItoR's RePoRt

Independent auditor’s report 
To the members of Energy Resources of Australia Ltd 

Report on the audit of the financial report 

Our opinion 

In our opinion: 

The accompanying financial report of Energy Resources of Australia Ltd (the Company) is in 
accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, including: 

(a) 

giving a true and fair view of the Company's financial position as at 31 December 2019 and of its 
financial performance for the year then ended  

(b) 

complying with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Regulations 2001. 

What we have audited 
The financial report comprises: 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

the balance sheet as at 31 December 2019 

the statement of comprehensive income for the year then ended 

the statement of changes in equity for the year then ended 

the cash flow statement for the year then ended 

the notes to the financial statements, which include a summary of significant accounting policies 

the directors’ declaration. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards. Our responsibilities under 
those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial 
report section of our report. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our opinion. 

Independence 
We are independent of the Company in accordance with the auditor independence requirements of the 
Corporations Act 2001 and the ethical requirements of the Accounting Professional and Ethical 
Standards Board’s APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including Independence 
Standards) (the Code) that are relevant to our audit of the financial report in Australia. We have also 
fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the Code. 

Our audit approach 

An audit is designed to provide reasonable assurance about whether the financial report is free from 
material misstatement. Misstatements may arise due to fraud or error. They are considered material if 
individually or in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of 
users taken on the basis of the financial report. 

PricewaterhouseCoopers, ABN 52 780 433 757 
2 Riverside Quay, SOUTHBANK  VIC  3006, GPO Box 1331, MELBOURNE  VIC  3001 
T: 61 3 8603 1000, F: 61 3 8603 1999, www.pwc.com.au 

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation. 

9595

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD  
  
InDePenDent AUDItoR's RePoRt

We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that we performed enough work to be able to give an 
opinion on the financial report as a whole, taking into account the geographic and management 
structure of the Company, its accounting processes and controls and the industry in which it operates. 

Materiality 

Audit scope 

•

•

Our audit focused on where the Company made
subjective judgements; for example, significant
accounting estimates involving assumptions and
inherently uncertain future events.

The audit procedures were predominantly
performed at the Company's Darwin office and the
shared service centre in Brisbane.

•

For the purpose of our audit we used overall
materiality of $2.7 million, which represents
approximately 1% of the Net Liabilities.

• We applied this threshold, together with

qualitative considerations, to determine the scope
of our audit and the nature, timing and extent of
our audit procedures and to evaluate the effect of
misstatements on the financial report as a whole.

• We chose Net Liabilities because, in our view, it is
the benchmark which is most representative of the
Company in its current stage and is most relevant
to the users of the financial statements.

• We utilised a 1% threshold based on our

professional judgement, noting it is within the
range of commonly acceptable thresholds.

Key audit matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in 
our audit of the financial report for the current period. The key audit matters were addressed in the 
context of our audit of the financial report as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do 
not provide a separate opinion on these matters. Further, any commentary on the outcomes of a 
particular audit procedure is made in that context. We communicated the key audit matters to the 
Audit and Risk Committee. 

96
96

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD InDePenDent AUDItoR's RePoRt

Key audit matter 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

Accounting for the cost of rehabilitation of the 
Ranger Project Area 
(Refer to notes 16 and 17) $770 million provision 

The Company is required under the Ranger section 41 
Authority (Ranger Authority) to fully rehabilitate the 
Ranger Project Area site by January 2026. 

We obtained an understanding of how the Company 
monitors and updates the provision. 

Calculating the final rehabilitation provision requires 
significant estimation and judgement by the Company. 
Assumptions are required to be made in respect of 
methods of rehabilitation, costs and timing. The most 
significant components of the provision relate to 
material movements, water treatment, tailings transfer, 
demolition and revegetation. 

We obtained the Company’s calculation of the 
rehabilitation obligation (the model). We checked the 
timing of the cash flows in the model were consistent 
with the requirements of the Ranger Authority. 

We obtained an understanding of the basis of estimate 
for the significant costs within the model and assessed 
the reasonableness of these. 

The provision may still change as a result of the 
outcomes of current progressive rehabilitation 
activities and ongoing technical studies. The calculation 
of the provision requires significant input from 
specialists and experts, both within and external to the 
Company. 

For significant cost estimates within the model we 
compared the amount in the provision to the 
Company’s external expert’s estimate of costs. 
Furthermore, we assessed the experts’ objectivity, 
competence and independence.  

Given the significance of this balance and the factors 
outlined above, the provision for rehabilitation was a 
key audit matter. 

Carrying value assessment for the Jabiluka 
Undeveloped Property 
(Refer to note 12) $90 million carrying value 

Assessing the carrying amount of the Company’s 
Jabiluka Undeveloped Property asset was a key audit 
matter. Factors giving rise to this conclusion included 
the financial size of the balance and the judgement 
required by the Company in the assessment of the 
carrying value as a result of the long-term nature of the 
asset, particularly in relation to: 

• Whether the development of the Jabiluka

resource will ultimately proceed given it
requires consent of the Mirarr Traditional

We developed an understanding of the costs incurred 
during the year and compared the actual spend to the 
prior period’s estimation to assess the Company’s 
historical ability to forecast accurately.  

We evaluated the discount rate used to discount the 
provision. 

We performed procedures over the assessment of the 
carrying value of the Jabiluka Undeveloped Property, 
by updating our understanding of: 

•

•

•

The likelihood and timing of development;

The latest long-term uranium oxide forecast
price and AUD/USD exchange rate;

Changes in circumstances since the last
assessment of the carrying value, including

97
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ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD InDePenDent AUDItoR's RePoRt

Key audit matter 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

Owners under the Long Term Care and 
Maintenance Agreement; 

•

The long-term uranium oxide price and the
AUD/USD exchange rate used in the
probability weighted discounted cash flow
model to estimate the fair value of the asset.

matters related to the discount rate; 

The consent process required;

The resource including size and grade.

•

•

Having updated our understanding of the above points, 
we considered whether there had been any changes in 
these assumptions which would give rise to an 
impairment indicator. 

Liquidity and capital management 
(Refer to notes 28 and 29) 

The Company recognised a cash balance of $209 
million and a further amount of $76 million held in the 
Ranger Rehabilitation Trust Fund by the 
Commonwealth Government for the purposes of the 
rehabilitation at 31 December 2019. At 31 December 
2019 the Company had insufficient resources to fully 
fund the rehabilitation of the Ranger Project Area. 

Subsequent to the balance sheet date the Company has 
undertaken an Entitlement Offer to raise 
approximately $476 million. Following the finalisation 
of the Entitlement Offer, the Company considers that it 
has adequate cash available to fully rehabilitate the 
Ranger Project Area. 

The risks around funding and the outcome of the 
Entitlement Offer are important to understand the 
financial position of the Company and were therefore 
considered to be a key audit matter. 

We evaluated the process by which the Company 
projects cash flows over the medium to long term. 

We inspected the Rio Tinto credit facility agreement to 
assess the Company’s position with regard to key terms 
and conditions supporting the continued availability of 
the agreement. 

Our procedures included obtaining written 
confirmation of cash balances and the financial 
guarantees provided by a number of banks.  

We inspected the information relating to, and the 
outcome of, the Entitlement Offer subsequent to the 
balance sheet date and the incorporation of this into 
the cash flow projections. 

Other information 

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the 
information included in the annual report for the year ended 31 December 2019, but does not include 
the financial report and our auditor’s report thereon. 

Our opinion on the financial report does not cover the other information and accordingly we do not 
express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

98
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ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD InDePenDent AUDItoR's RePoRt

In connection with our audit of the financial report, our responsibility is to read the other information 
and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial 
report or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. 

If, based on the work we have performed on the other information that we obtained prior to the date of 
this auditor’s report, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we 
are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Responsibilities of the directors for the financial report 

The directors of the Company are responsible for the preparation of the financial report that gives a 
true and fair view in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Act 2001 
and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of the 
financial report that gives a true and fair view and is free from material misstatement, whether due to 
fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial report, the directors are responsible for assessing the ability of the Company 
to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using 
the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to 
cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial report 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial report as a whole is free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that 
includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an 
audit conducted in accordance with the Australian Auditing Standards will always detect a material 
misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material 
if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic 
decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial report. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial report is located at the 
Auditing and Assurance Standards Board website at: 
http://www.auasb.gov.au/auditors_responsibilities/ar2.pdf. This description forms part of our 
auditor's report. 

Report on the remuneration report 

Our opinion on the remuneration report 

We have audited the remuneration report included in pages 33 to 47 of the directors’ report for the 
year ended 31 December 2019. 

In our opinion, the remuneration report of Energy Resources of Australia Ltd for the year ended 31 
December 2019 complies with section 300A of the Corporations Act 2001. 

99
99

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD InDePenDent AUDItoR's RePoRt

Responsibilities 

The directors of the Company are responsible for the preparation and presentation of the 
remuneration report in accordance with section 300A of the Corporations Act 2001. Our responsibility 
is to express an opinion on the remuneration report, based on our audit conducted in accordance with 
Australian Auditing Standards.  

PricewaterhouseCoopers 

Charles Christie 
Partner 

Melbourne 
6 March 2020 

100
100

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD sHAReHoLDeR InFoRMAtIon

Energy Resources of Australia Ltd is a for-profit company limited by shares, incorporated and domiciled in Australia.

The financial statements were authorised by Directors on 6 March 2020. The Directors have the power to amend and reissue the 
financial statements.

The shareholder information set out below was applicable as at 26 February 2020.

Distribution of equity securities
Analysis of numbers of registered equity security holders by size of holding: 

1 - 1,000

1,001 - 5,000

5,001 – 10,000

10,001 – 100,000

100,001 and over

5,471

2,400

818

1,004

128

9,821

ORDINARY SHARES

NUMBER 
OF SHARE- 
HOLDERS

% OF 
SHARE- 
HOLDERS

NUMBER 
OF SHARES

1,736,442

6,174,713

6,197,464

30,042,063

55.71

24.44

8.33

10.22

1.30

3,647,232,516

100.00

3,691,383,198

There were 7,231 holders of less than a marketable parcel of ordinary shares. 

Equity security holders
The names of the twenty largest registered holders of quoted equity securities are listed below: 

North Limited

Peko Wallsend Ltd

BNP Paribas Noms Pty Ltd

HSBC Custody Nominees (Australia) Limited

J P Morgan Nominees Australia Pty Limited

Citicorp Nominees Pty Limited

Little Cove Capital Pty Ltd

Creative Living (Qld) Pty Ltd

National Nominees Limited

Airport Finance Pty Ltd

Mr Tian Lan Luan

Australian Executor Trustees Limited

Morgan Stanley Australia Securities (Nominee) Pty Limited

Mr Li Wan

Mrs Tew Hua Cameron

Mrs Faye Lesley Duffield

Lemmis Holdings Pty Ltd

Northern Property Group Pty Ltd

Mrs Qiuyu Ping

Ganra Pty Ltd

NUMBER 
OF SHARES

1,920,852,964

1,265,829,670

293,007,113

84,988,124

33,352,981

10,727,917

2,000,000

1,526,000

1,350,761

1,140,800

942,956

935,110

843,577

823,265

806,500

713,000

713,000

713,000

658,022

651,429

% OF 
ISSUED 
SHARES

0.05

0.17

0.17

0.81

98.80

100.00

% OF 
ISSUED 
SHARES

52.04

34.29

7.94

2.30

0.90

0.29

0.05

0.04

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

101101

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD  
sHAReHoLDeR InFoRMAtIon

Entitlements to vote
Subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to any shares on a show of hands, every member present in person or 
by proxy or by attorney or by representative and entitled to vote at a shareholders’ meeting shall have one vote.

On a poll, every member present in person or by proxy or by attorney or by representative shall have one vote for each share held by 
him/her.

Annual General Meeting
The next Annual General Meeting will be held at 9.30 am on 6 May 2020 in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.

Tax file numbers
Tax file numbers or exemption details are recorded from shareholders who wish to provide the information. Dividend advice 
statements, when issued to shareholders, indicate whether or not a shareholder’s tax file number has been recorded. ERA normally 
pays fully franked dividends. In the event of an unfranked dividend being paid, ERA will be required to deduct tax at the top marginal 
rate from the dividend paid to shareholders resident in Australia who have not supplied a tax file number or exemption form.

Information on shareholding
Shareholders who require information about their shareholding or dividend payment should contact ERA’s principal registry.

Shareholders who have changed their address should advise the change in writing to:

ERA Share Registry

Computershare Investor Services Pty Ltd
Level 1, 200 Mary Street
Brisbane QLD 4000
Telephone: +61 (0) 3 9473 2500
Facsimile: +61 (0) 3 9415 4000

Sponsored shareholders should note, however, that they should contact their sponsored broker to initiate a change of address.

102
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ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD  
5 Mar 2019

18 Feb 2019

13 Feb 2019

Feb 2019

8 Feb 2019

8 Feb 2019

8 Feb 2019

8 Feb 2019

Notice of Annual General Meeting

2018 Annual Report

ERA Financial Community Presentation 
February 2019

Responses to ASX Price Query

ERA 2018 Full Year Results

Preliminary Final Report

Ranger Project Area- Closure Feasibility 
Study Finalisation

Annual Statement of Reserves and 
Resources

10 Jan 2019

Quarterly Activities Report

2019 Asx AnnoUnCeMents

20 Dec 2019

13 Dec 2019

13 Dec 2019

11 Dec 2019

11 Dec 2019

5 Dec 2019

Entitlement Offer Despatch of 
Supplementary Statement

ERA notes lodgment of Takeover Panel 
review application

TOV: ERA Panel receives Review 
Application

Takeovers Panel announcement and 
Entitlement Offer Update

TOV:ERA Declaration of Unacceptable 
Circumstances and Orders

Suspension of Class from Official 
Quotation

4 Dec 2019

ERA notes Takeover Panel interim orders

22 Nov 2019

19 Nov 2019

19 Nov 2019

Despatch of Entitlement Offer Information 
Booklet

Takeover Panel : ERA Panel Receives 
Application

ERA notes lodgement of Takeovers Panel 
application

18 Nov 2019

Despatch of notices to shareholders

15 Nov 2019

Appendix 3B

15 Nov 2019

Entitlement Offer Information Booklet

15 Nov 2019

Cleansing Statement

15 Nov 2019

ERA Capital Raising Investor 
Presentation

15 Nov 2019

ERA Capital Raising 

9 Oct 2019

8 Aug 2019

31 July 2019

Quarterly Activities Report

Resignation and appointment of directors

ERA Additional Information for the 
Financial Community

25 July 2019

Half Yearly Report and Accounts

25 July 2019

Funding update

25 Jul 2019

10 Jul 2019

25 Jun 2019

13 Jun 2019

12 Apr 2019

10 Apr 2019

10 Apr 2019

10 Apr 2019

10 Apr 2019

5 Mar 2019

June 2019 Half Year Results

Quarterly Activities Report

Change in substantial holding

ERA releases further details on tailings 
facilities

Change in substantial holding

2019 Annual General Meeting- Results of 
Voting

2019 AGM Chief Executive’s Address

2019 AGM Chairman’s Address

Quarterly Activities Report

Annual General Meeting Proxy Form

Details of these announcements are available at www.energyres.com.au.

103103

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ten yeAR PeRFoRMAnCe

YEAR ENDED  
31 DECEMBER

Sales Revenue ($000)
Earnings Before Interest 
and Tax ($000)
Profit/(Loss) Before Tax 
($000)
Income Tax Expense/
(Benefit) ($000)
Profit/(Loss) After Tax 
($000)
Total Assets ($000)
Shareholders’ Equity ($000)
Long Term Debt ($000)
Current Ratio
Liquid Ratio
Gearing Ratio (%)
Interest Cover (times)
Return on Shareholders’ 
Equity (%)
Earnings Per Share (cents)
Dividends Per Share (cents)

Payout Ratio (%)

Share Price ($) closing
Price-Earning Ratio
Dividend Yield (%)
Net Tangible Assets per 
Share ($)
No. of Employees
Profit After Tax per  
Employee ($000)
Ore Mined (million tonnes)
Ore Milled (million tonnes)
Mill Head Grade (% U3O8)
Mill Recovery (%)
Production (tonnes U3O8) – 
Drummed
Sales – Ranger 
Concentrates (tonnes U3O8)
Sales – Other Concentrates 
(tonnes U3O8)
Sales – Total (tonnes U3O8)

Note 1  

Post rights issue

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

209,677 201,273

211,181 267,765 332,777 379,166 356,139 396,629 651,381 572,283

(1,103) (466,616)

(52,925) (279,781)

(88,292) (284,274) (199,431) (278,266) (220,633)

47,726

6,252 (456,323)

(43,532) (271,077)

(79,798) (273,602) (186,541) (254,785) (206,340)

59,427

-

(21,049)

-

- 195,695 (85,802)

(50,712)

(36,026)

(52,741)

12,423

6,252 (435,274)

(43,532) (271,077) (275,493) (187,800) (135,829) (218,759) (153,599)

47,004
566,577 635,766 797,312 819,432 1,100,815 1,341,724 1,627,561 1,826,275 1,948,972 1,423,396
(274,687) (280,790) 154,887 198,559 469,947 745,607 934,022 1,069,619 1,288,536 951,076
-
-
3.4
4.0
2.1
3.0
-
-
47.8
-

-
7.1
6.0
-
(177.9)

-
4.0
2.9
-
(156.7)

-
4.0
3.1
-
-

-
3.8
2.3
-
-

-
4.1
2.7
-
-

-
2.5
1.9
-
-

-
2.0
1.2
-
-

-
3.2
2.5
-
-

(2.3)
1.2
-

-

0.17
13.75
-

(0.54)

155.0
(84.1)
-

-

0.25
(0.29)
-

(0.54)
355

(28.1)
(8.4)
-

-

0.91
(10.83)
-

(136.5)
(52.4)
-

-

0.44
(0.83)
-

0.30
358

0.38
356

(58.6)
(53.2)
-

-

0.36
(0.68)
-

0.91
374

(25.2)
(36.3)
-

-

1.30
(3.58)
-

(14.5)
(26.2)
-

-

1.26
(4.81)
-

1.44 
389

1.80
519

(20.5)
(42.3)
-

-

1.27
(3.00)
-

2.07
594

17.61 (1,226.1)
-
2.5
0.09
86.6

-
2.5
0.08
86.8

(121.6)
-
2.6
0.10
84.7

(761.5)
-
2.7
0.10
84.9

(736.6)
-
2.5
0.10
82.0

(482.8)
-
1.3
0.11 
81.5

(264.8)
-
2.3
0.15
84.8

(374.5)
3.8
2.6
0.17
86.2

(11.9)
(29.7)1
-

-

1.23
(2.54)
-

2.49
567

(270.9)
1.2
1.6
0.18
87.9

4.9
24.6
8.0

32

11.13
45.24
2.96

4.99
523

89.87
1.4
2.4
0.19
87.2

1,751

1,999

2,294

2,351

2,005

1,165

2,960

3,710

2,641

3,793

1,577

1,467

2,089

2,130

2,183

2,164

2,767

2,665

3,258

4,373

20

-

-

9

-

984

48

558

1,597

1,467

2,089

2,139

2,183

3,148

2,815

3,223

1,908

5,167

653

5,026

Definition of statistical ratios

Current Ratio  
Liquid Ratio    
foreign exchange  
Gearing Ratio   
Interest Cover   
Return on Shareholders’ Equity 
Earnings per Share   

= 
= 

= 
= 
= 
= 

current assets/current liabilities
(current assets-inventory-prepayments-foreign exchange hedge asset on borrowings)/(current liabilities-bank overdraft – 
hedge liability)
(long term debt + term creditors)/(shareholders’ equity + long term debt + term creditors)
earnings before interest and tax/interest expense
profit after tax/average shareholders’ equity 
profit after tax/weighted average number of shares issued

104104

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
InDex

2019 ASX Announcements

103

2019 ERA Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources

Auditor’s Independence Declaration

Balance Sheet

Business Risks

Business Strategy

Cash Flow Statement

Chairman’s Report

Chief Executive’s Report

Company Overview

Corporate Governance Statement

Current Operations and Resources

Director’s Declaration

Director’s Report

Financial Performance

Future Supply

Health and Safety

Independent Auditor’s Report

Notes to the Financial Statements

Operations and Rehabilitation

Regulatory Framework

Sales and Marketing

Shareholder Information

Statement of Changes in Equity

Statement of Comprehensive Income

Ten Year Performance

21

51

59

14

12

61

4

5

6

52

13

94

28

7

20

24

95

62

9

26

23

101

60

58

104

(Daniel, Sharon & Ezra), (Zoran, Anthony, Mick),(Aidan, Jess, Mahla & Elsy),  
(Gayle), (Lesley, Roger, Ryan, Chantelle, Josh, Ava, Ellie & Sonny),  
(Andrew, Dimity, Clementine & Rupert), (Steve, Joy, Jakob & Krystal), (Sioux & Peter)

Back Cover L-R: 

105105

ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD ENERGY RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA LTD