FORWARD IN EXCELLENCE
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2023
ANNUAL
REPORT
S&P 500
MEMBER SINCE 2015
BBB+
S&P GLOBAL
RATING
$15B
MERGER WITH
LIFE STORAGE
94%
AVERAGE
OCCUPANCY
42
STATES
$47B
ENTERPRISE
VALUE
10-YEAR TOTAL SHAREHOLDER RETURN CHART
Go to https://www.extraspace.com/annualreport/2023/ to view our online annual report.
MY FELLOW SHAREHOLDERS
We have had a busy and remarkable year at Extra Space Storage in 2023. After two
years of unprecedented property level growth and active external expansion in 2021
and 2022, I told our team to expect a more normal year in 2023, as the storage sector
returned to historical revenue growth rates and acquisition volume slowed. I encouraged
our departments to focus on the fundamentals in each of their respective areas of the
business to ensure that we had seamless execution as tailwinds from the pandemic
slowed, and as headwinds from interest rates, inflation and moderating demand increased.
This all changed, when one of our publicly traded peers, Life Storage was put in play
during the first quarter and we were invited to make a merger bid for the company.
Life Storage had a high-quality, broadly diversified, national storage portfolio of
more than 1,200 properties totaling approximately 90 million square feet. We were
very familiar with the Life Storage assets, and we knew there would be significant
synergies created by combining the companies to create an even stronger portfolio
and additional long-term value for our shareholders.
Despite my prediction for a calmer 2023, I asked our team to roll up their sleeves
again to see if we could make this transformational merger a reality. As always, Team
Extra Space responded. In a matter of weeks, we were able to come to an agreement
to merge with Life Storage, and we announced the deal publicly on April 3, 2023.
After nearly unanimous approval from both companies’ shareholders, we completed
JOSEPH D. MARGOLIS
Chief Executive
Officer
the merger with Life Storage on July 20th, 2023. All the Life Storage properties were
2023 HIGHLIGHTS
onboarded onto our platform in 19 days, the largest integration of stores and team
members in our company’s history.
The merger further increases Extra Space’s significant scale, with a national portfolio
of over 3,700 stores, totaling 283 million rentable square feet. Our larger scale
provides us with greater operational efficiencies, as well as access to more and better
data in our sector, which will facilitate quicker and better analysis and decisions. The
transaction also makes Extra Space a top 10 REIT included in the MSCI U.S. REIT
Index by equity market capitalization. In addition to our greater scale, the combined
portfolio also has greater diversification, reducing our proportional exposure in
California and the Mid-Atlantic and increasing our proportional concentration in
Florida, Texas and other sunbelt markets. No MSA contributes more than 10% of
our same-store revenue, no single property represents a material contribution to our
asset value, and our customer base consists of over two million tenants. The merger
provides additional growth opportunities in third party management, joint venture
partnerships, bridge lending, redevelopment, solar and more. Most importantly, and
the driving rationale for the transaction, I believe all these benefits will drive long-
term FFO accretion, additional value and greater stability for our shareholders.
3.1%
SAME-STORE
REVENUE GROWTH
12.5%
ONE-YEAR TOTAL
SHAREHOLDER
RETURN
BBB+
UPGRADE
BY S&P GLOBAL
1
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC. 2023 ANNUAL REPORT While I am proud of what we have accomplished in 2023, I am even more excited
I BELIEVE ALL THE
about our path forward. One of Extra Space Storage’s core values is excellence, and
I know that our larger and more diverse team, portfolio and balance sheet will move
Forward in Excellence in 2024. Through the merger we expect to realize at least
$100 million in FFO synergies. The merger was leverage neutral, and created a larger
and stronger balance sheet, which we believed would lead to improved long-term cost
of capital. Our belief was validated when S&P Global upgraded our credit rating to
BBB+ shortly after we closed.
Despite the focus on and efforts required by the merger, we did not ignore our core
business. We continue to innovate and test customer acquisition, pricing and other
BENEFITS FROM
THE MERGER WILL
DRIVE LONG-TERM
FFO ACCRETION,
ADDITIONAL
VALUE AND
GREATER
STABILITY
tools to optimize store performance in a difficult environment. We grew same-store
FOR OUR
revenue in 2023 by 3.1%. We increased our third-party management business by
SHAREHOLDERS
189 stores (net) not including the managed stores that came with the LSI merger, and
this business remains the largest, fastest growing and most profitable in the industry.
Our bridge loan business continues to thrive with $453 million of new loans approved,
and it provides attractive risk-adjusted returns and new management and acquisition
opportunities. We also made progress developing a scalable platform for remotely
managed stores. All of these efforts will drive increased shareholder value.
While I am very optimistic about the future, I am also aware of current concerns from
investors today, including uncertainty around interest rates, cap rates, sector demand,
and the possibility of a recession, to name a few. I share those concerns. While we
are not exempt from the impacts of these external forces, our need-based sector,
geographically diverse portfolio, unique ownership strategy and sophisticated operating
platform have allowed us to operate and grow efficiently through different stages of
economic cycles during our 46-year history. And I believe we are even better positioned
today, than in the past. Our portfolio, platform and team have never been stronger.
Our technology and scale advantages, together with financial flexibility and durability
position us for long term success.
We will continue to work hard to deliver the results our shareholders have come to expect
from Extra Space Storage, as we move Forward in Excellence in 2024 and beyond.
Warmest Regards,
JOE MARGOLIS
Chief Executive Officer
2
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC. 2023 ANNUAL REPORT EXTRA SPACE AND LIFE STORAGE
MERGER HIGHLIGHTS
On April 3, 2023, Extra Space and Life Storage announced a strategic merger of the
companies, which was later approved by shareholders and completed on July 20,
2023. Post-merger, the combined company became the largest self storage operator
in the country with over 3,700 locations and two million customers. The Extra Space
team anticipates at least $100 million in underwritten annual run-rate synergies as
well as additional non-underwritten synergies resulting from the merger.
The combination of Extra Space and Life Storage will deliver significant strategic,
operational, and financial benefits, including: transformative scale, enhanced
diversification of the portfolio, synergy opportunities, embedded growth drivers,
and positive financial impact.
NORTHWEST
3.7M SQ FT
1%
CA & HAWAII
34.4M SQ FT
12%
MTN WEST
25.0M SQ FT
9%
MIDWEST
39.1M SQ FT
14%
NORTHEAST
50.0M SQ FT
17%
MID-ATLANTIC
24.9M SQ FT
9%
TEXAS
35.7M SQ FT
13%
SOUTHEAST
34.4M SQ FT
12%
FLORIDA &
PUERTO RICO
35.7M SQ FT
13%
*Market level square footage as a percentage of total square footage managed by the Company as of December 31, 2023.
Following the merger, Extra Space has decided to test a multi-brand approach by
having both Life Storage and Extra Space branded properties in the same markets.
This follows best practices from industries like hospitality and rental cars, but is the
first in the self-storage industry. Extra Space anticipates positive digital marketing
synergies from having multiple brand placements in search engine results and
mapping tools.
283M
RENTABLE
SQUARE FEET
3,700+
LOCATIONS
42
STATES WITH
EXTRA SPACE &
LIFE STORAGE
$5B
IN REVENUE UNDER
MANAGEMENT
7,600
EMPLOYEES
NATIONWIDE
3
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC. 2023 ANNUAL REPORT SUSTAINABILITY
Extra Space’s philosophy is to build and maintain a company that can provide steady, reliable
performance in an everchanging world. The team aims to be good stewards of the planet along
with being good stewards of shareholders’ capital. By nature, self storage is a low consumption
real estate asset, and Extra Space has worked to reduce the carbon footprint of the company
74
GRESB SCORE
each year.
Since 2012, Extra Space has been investing in solar installations on properties.
With 33% of the company’s wholly-owned properties powered by the sun, Extra Space
has produced enough solar power to offset the emissions of 207 million pounds of
coal being burned. These solar efforts reduce energy consumption, while producing
great returns, showing how sustainability can be at the intersection of what is good
for the environment, the community, and shareholders. With the recent addition of the
Life Storage portfolio, the company has significantly expanded the solar opportunity
pipeline, and expects to have steady investment in solar for many years to come.
A
GRESB PUBLIC
DISCLOSURE RATING
$24M
IN SOLAR INVESTMENT
IN 2023
4
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC. 2023 ANNUAL REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL HIGHLIGHTS
46.3 GWhs
SOLAR PRODUCTION
IN 2023
80%
LESS CARBON EMISSIONS
THAN THE REAL ESTATE
SECTOR AVERAGE
According to data from Urban Land
Institute’s Greenprint Performance Report
$4.9M
INVESTED IN
HVAC RETROFITTING
PROJECTS
SOCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
79
EMPLOYEE
ENGAGEMENT SCORE
91%
OVERALL CUSTOMER
SATISFACTION
DEI “SPACE
FOR EVERYONE”
SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM
GOVERNANCE HIGHLIGHTS
90%
OF OUR BOARD MEMBERS
ARE INDEPENDENT
HIGHEST CYBERSECURITY
STANDARDS WITH
ANNUAL EXPERT
THIRD-PARTY AUDITS
NAREIT CARE
(COMMUNICATIONS AND
REPORTING EXCELLENCE)
AWARD WINNER 2023
VISIT EXTRA SPACE’S ESG REPORT
Read the full sustainability report from Extra Space Storage for data and highlights
across environmental, social, and governance initiatives.
5
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC. 2023 ANNUAL REPORT
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
SELECTED DATA
Dollars in thousands, except share data
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
OPERATING DATA:
Total revenues
Operating expenses
General and administrative expenses
Depreciation and amortization
Interest expense
Equity in earnings of real estate ventures
Net income
OTHER DATA:
FFO1 - diluted
Weighted average number of shares diluted2
Cash dividends paid per common share
Same-store property occupancy at year end
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Total Assets
Total Debt
Noncontrolling interests
Total stockholders' equity
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,560,244
670,910
146,408
506,053
437,821
54,835
850,453
$ $1,924,170
$468,902
$
$129,251
$
$288,316
$
$219,171
$
$41,428
$
$921,156
$
$ $1,577,362
$398,096
$
$102,194
$
$241,879
$
$166,183
$
$32,358
$
$877,758
$
1,352,138
178,969,993
6.48
93.0%
$
$
1,198,809
143,009,565
6.00
94.2%
$
$
973,966
140,988,683
4.50
95.3%
$
27,456,262
$ 11,016,748
$
1,023,028
$ 14,390,921
$ 12,167,458
7,331,462
$
818,677
$
3,259,597
$
$ 10,474,477
5,957,747
$
669,480
$
3,116,496
$
(1) Funds from Operations (“FFO”) is defined under Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of the Company’s Form
10-K, enclosed and filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. A copy of the Company’s Form 10-K is also available at no charge on its investor relations website
at https://ir.extraspace.com.
(2) Extra Space Storage, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”) has preferred and common operating partnership units (“OP units”). These OP units can be redeemed for shares of
the Company’s common stock. Redemption of all OP units has been assumed for purposes of calculating FFO per share, and the weighted average number of shares – diluted.
The computation of weighted average shares for FFO – diluted also includes the effect of share – based compensation plans using the treasury stock method.
5-YEAR TOTAL RETURN
12/18
12/19
12/20
12/21
12/22
12/23
$300
$250
$200
$150
$100
$50
0%
EXR
S&P 500
FTSE Nareit Equity REITs
*$100 invested on 12/31/18 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends. Fiscal year ending December 31.
Copyright© 2024 Standard & Poor's, a division of S&P Global. All rights reserved.
6
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC. 2023 ANNUAL REPORT UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
☒
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023
OR
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
.
Commission File Number: 001-32269
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
20-1076777
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
2795 East Cottonwood Parkway, Suite 300
Salt Lake City, Utah 84121
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (801) 365-4600
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Trading symbol
EXR
Title of each class
Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Name of each exchange on which registered
New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and
(2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant
to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting
company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company”
and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐
Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
☐
☐
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for
complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness
of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public
accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. x
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the
registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based
compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $19,343,600,223 based upon the closing
price on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2023, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal
quarter. This calculation does not reflect a determination that persons whose shares are excluded from the computation are affiliates for any
other purpose.
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, as of February 22, 2024 was
211,574,552.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be issued in connection with the registrant’s annual stockholders’ meeting to be
held in 2024 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Extra Space Storage Inc.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Table of Contents
Business
PART I
Item 1.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Item 1C. Cybersecurity
Item 2.
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Item 3.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities
Selected Financial Data
Item 6.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Item 9B. Other Information
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
SIGNATURES
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Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Information
Certain information set forth in this report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal
securities laws. Forward-looking statements include statements concerning our plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future
events, future revenues or performance, capital expenditures, financing needs, plans or intentions relating to acquisitions and
other information that is not historical information. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology
such as “believes,” “expects,” “estimates,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “anticipates,” or “intends” or the negative of such
terms or other comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy. We may also make additional forward-looking statements
from time to time. All such subsequent forward-looking statements, whether written or oral, by us or on our behalf, are also
expressly qualified by these cautionary statements.
All forward-looking statements, including without limitation, management’s examination of historical operating trends
and estimates of future earnings, are based upon our current expectations and various assumptions. Our expectations, beliefs
and projections are expressed in good faith and we believe there is a reasonable basis for them, but there can be no assurance
that management’s expectations, beliefs and projections will result or be achieved. All forward-looking statements apply only as
of the date made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise forward-looking statements which may be made to
reflect events or circumstances after the date made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
There are a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-
looking statements contained in or contemplated by this report. Any forward-looking statements should be considered in light of
the risks referenced in “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” below. Such factors include, but are not limited to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
adverse changes in general economic conditions, the real estate industry and in the markets in which we operate;
failure to close pending acquisitions and developments on expected terms, or at all;
the risk that Life Storage, Inc.’s (“Life Storage”) business will not be fully integrated successfully or that such
integration may be more difficult, time-consuming or costly than expected, including our ability to retain and hire key
personnel;
the uncertainty of expected future financial performance and results of the combined company following completion of
the Life Storage merger;
the effect of competition from new and existing stores or other storage alternatives, which could cause rents and
occupancy rates to decline;
potential liability for uninsured losses and environmental contamination;
the impact of the regulatory environment as well as national, state, and local laws and regulations including, without
limitation, those governing real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), tenant reinsurance and other aspects of our
business, which could adversely affect our results;
our ability to recover losses under our insurance policies;
disruptions in credit and financial markets and resulting difficulties in raising capital or obtaining credit at reasonable
rates or at all, which could impede our ability to grow;
changes in global financial markets and increased interest rates;
availability of financing and capital, the levels of debt that we maintain and our credit ratings;
risks associated with acquisitions, dispositions and development of properties, including increased development costs
due to additional regulatory requirements related to climate change and other factors;
reductions in asset valuations and related impairment charges;
our lack of sole decision-making authority with respect to our joint venture investments;
the effect of recent or future changes to U.S. tax laws;
the failure to maintain our REIT status for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
impacts from any outbreak of highly infectious or contagious diseases, including reduced demand for self-storage space
and ancillary products and services such as tenant reinsurance, and potential decreases in occupancy and rental rates
and staffing levels, which could adversely affect our results; and
economic uncertainty due to the impact of natural disasters, war or terrorism, which could adversely affect our
business plan.
The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking
into account all information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations are subject to risks and
uncertainties and can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. If a change
occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our
forward-looking statements. You should carefully consider these risks before you make an investment decision with respect to
our securities.
We disclaim any duty or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements set forth in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K to reflect new information, future events or otherwise.
1
Item 1.
General
Business
PART I
Extra Space Storage Inc. (“we,” “our,” “us” or the “Company”) is a fully integrated, self-administered and self-managed
real estate investment trust (“REIT”) formed as a Maryland corporation on April 30, 2004. We closed our initial public offering
(“IPO”) on August 17, 2004. Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “EXR.”
We were formed to continue the business of Extra Space Storage LLC and its subsidiaries, which had engaged in the self-
storage business since 1977. These companies were reorganized after the consummation of our IPO and various formation
transactions. Our executive management team and board of directors have extensive experience and ownership positions in the
Company.
Substantially all of our business is conducted through Extra Space Storage LP (the “Operating Partnership”). Our primary
assets are general partner and limited partner interests in the Operating Partnership. This structure is commonly referred to as an
umbrella partnership REIT, or UPREIT. We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”). To the extent we continue to qualify as a REIT we will not be subject to U.S. federal
tax, with certain exceptions, on our REIT taxable income that is distributed to our stockholders.
Our principal offices are located at 2795 East Cottonwood Parkway, Suite 300, Salt Lake City, Utah 84121, telephone
number (801) 365-4600.
Our internet address is www.extraspace.com. We file our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q,
current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
You may obtain copies of these documents by visiting the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, as soon as reasonably
practicable after such materials are furnished to the SEC, we make copies of these documents available to the public free of
charge through the Investor Relations section of our website.
Self-Storage Operations
We own, operate, manage, provide lending to, acquire, develop and redevelop self-storage properties (“stores”). We
operate and manage our business by evaluating the operating performance of the properties for our entire portfolio which
includes wholly-owned stores, stores in which we have a partial ownership interest and managed stores. Stores offer month-to-
month rental of storage space for personal or business use.
As of December 31, 2023, we owned and/or operated 3,714 stores in 42 states, and Washington, D.C., comprising
approximately 283 million square feet of net rentable space in approximately 2.6 million units.
Other Operations
Our tenant reinsurance activities include the reinsurance of risks relating to the loss of goods stored by tenants in our
stores. Our customers have the option of purchasing insurance from a non-affiliated insurance company to cover certain losses
to their goods stored at our facilities, as well as those we manage for third parties. A wholly-owned, consolidated subsidiary
fully reinsures such policies and thereby assumes all risk of losses under these policies and receives reinsurance premiums
substantially equal to the premiums collected from our tenants, from the non-affiliated insurance company.
As of December 31, 2023, we managed 1,337 stores for third party owners. Our management business enables us to
generate increased revenues through management fees as well as expand our geographic footprint, data sophistication and scale
with little capital investment. We believe this expanded footprint enables us to reduce our operating costs through economies of
scale. In addition, our management business is a potential future acquisition pipeline.
We have a bridge lending program, under which we provide financing to third party self storage owners for operating
properties that we manage. This program helps us increase our management business, create additional potential future
acquisition opportunities, and strengthen our relationships with partners, all while generating interest and fee income. We
generally originate mortgage loans and mezzanine loans, with the intent to sell a portion of the mortgage loans to third parties,
while retaining our interests in the mezzanine loans. As of December 31, 2023, the total balance of bridge loans receivable was
$594.7 million.
2
We have made investments in preferred stock of other self-storage companies. These investments benefit us by providing
dividend income, increasing our management business, and creating additional potential future acquisition opportunities
through relationships with the companies in which we invest.
Operating Segments
We operate in two distinct segments: (1) self-storage operations; and (2) tenant reinsurance. Our self-storage operations
activities include rental operations of wholly-owned stores. Tenant reinsurance activities include the reinsurance of risks
relating to the loss of goods stored by tenants in our stores. For more information and comparative financial and other
information on our reportable business segments, refer to the segment information footnote in the notes to the consolidated
financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
Long-Term Growth and Investment Strategies
Our primary business objectives are to maximize cash flow available for distribution to our stockholders and to achieve
sustainable long-term growth in cash flow per share in order to maximize long-term stockholder value both at acceptable levels
of risk. We continue to evaluate a range of growth initiatives and opportunities. Our primary strategies include the following:
Maximize the performance of our stores through strategic, efficient and proactive management
We pursue revenue-generating and expense-minimizing opportunities in our operations. We seek to maximize revenue by
responding to changing market conditions through our advanced technology systems' ability to provide real-time, interactive
rental rate and discount management. Our size allows us greater ability than the majority of our competitors to implement more
dynamic online marketing programs, which we believe will attract more customers to our stores at a lower net cost.
We continually analyze our portfolio to look for long-term value-enhancing opportunities. We proactively redevelop
properties to add units or modify existing unit mix to better meet the demand in a given market and to maximize revenue. We
also redevelop properties to extend their useful life, increase visual appeal, enhance security and to improve brand consistency
across the portfolio.
Acquire self-storage stores
Our acquisitions team continues to pursue the acquisition of multi-store portfolios and single stores which can range from
fully occupied to various stages of lease-up that we believe can provide stockholder value. We have established a reputation as
a reliable, ethical buyer, which we believe enhances our ability to negotiate and close acquisitions. In addition, we believe our
status as an UPREIT enables flexibility when structuring deals. We remain a disciplined buyer and only execute acquisitions
that we believe will strengthen our portfolio and increase stockholder value.
In addition to the pursuit of operating stores, from time to time we develop stores from the ground up and provide the
construction capital. We also purchase stores at the completion of construction from third party developers, who build to our
specifications. These stores purchased at completion of construction (a "Certificate of Occupancy store"), create additional
long-term value for our stockholders. We are typically able to acquire these assets at a lower price than a stabilized store, and
expect greater long term returns on these stores on average. However, in the short term, these acquisitions cause dilution to our
earnings during the two-to-four year period required to lease up the Certificate of Occupancy stores. We expect that this trend
will continue as we continue to acquire Certificate of Occupancy stores.
Financing of Our Long-Term Growth Strategies
As a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders. Consequently, we
require access to additional sources of capital to fund our growth. We expect to maintain a flexible approach to financing
growth. We plan to finance future acquisitions, store development and our bridge loan program through a diverse capital
optimization strategy which includes but is not limited to: cash generated from operations, borrowings under our revolving lines
of credit (the "Credit Lines"), secured and unsecured financing, equity offerings, joint ventures and the sale of stores.
Credit Lines - We have two credit lines which we primarily use as short-term bridge financing until we obtain longer-
term financing through either debt or equity. As of December 31, 2023, our Credit Lines had available capacity of $2.1 billion,
of which $1,458 million was undrawn.
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Secured and Unsecured Debt - We primarily use public bonds, unsecured private placement bonds and unsecured bank
term loans to finance store acquisitions and development efforts. We will continue to utilize a combination of secured and
unsecured financing for future store acquisitions and development. As of December 31, 2023, we had $1.3 billion of secured
notes payable and $9.4 billion of unsecured notes payable outstanding.
Equity - We have an active "at the market" ("ATM") program for selling stock. We sell stock under the ATM program
from time to time to raise capital when we believe conditions are advantageous. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we
didn't issue or sell any shares of common stock.
We view equity interests in our Operating Partnership as another source of capital that can provide an attractive tax
planning opportunity to sellers of real estate. We issue common and preferred Operating Partnership units to sellers in certain
acquisitions. Common Operating Partnership units receive distributions equal to the dividends on common stock, while
Preferred Operating Partnership units receive distributions at various negotiated rates. We may issue additional units in the
future when circumstances are favorable.
Joint Ventures - As of December 31, 2023, we owned 474 of our stores through unconsolidated joint ventures with third
parties. Our joint venture partners typically provide most of the equity capital required for the acquisition of stores owned in
these joint ventures. Most joint venture agreements include buy-sell rights, as well as rights of first offer in connection with the
sale of stores by the joint venture. We manage the day-to-day operations of the stores owned in these joint ventures and have
the right to participate in major decisions relating to sales of stores or financings by the applicable joint venture, but do not
control the joint ventures.
Sale of Properties - We have not historically sold a high volume of stores, as we generally believe we are able to
optimize the cash flow from stores through continued operations. However, we may sell more stores or interests in stores in the
future in response to changing economic, financial or investment conditions. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we did not
sell any stores. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we sold two stores for $38.7 million.
Industry & Competition
We are the largest self-storage operator in the United States. Our three primary competitors who are public self-storage
REITs are CubeSmart, National Storage Affiliates and Public Storage.
Stores offer month-to-month rental of storage space for personal or business use. Tenants typically rent fully enclosed
spaces that vary in size and typically range from 5 feet by 5 feet to 20 feet by 20 feet, with an interior height of 8 feet to 12 feet.
Tenants have responsibility for moving their items into and out of their units. Stores generally have on-site managers who
supervise and run the day-to-day operations, providing tenants with assistance as needed.
Self-storage provides a convenient way for individuals and businesses to store their possessions due to life changes, or
simply because of a need for storage space. The mix of residential tenants using a store is determined by a store’s local
demographics and often includes people who are experiencing life changes such as downsizing their living space or others who
are not yet settled into a permanent residence. Items that tenants place in self-storage are typically furniture, household items
and appliances. Commercial tenants tend to include small business owners who require easy and frequent access to their goods,
records, inventory or storage for seasonal goods.
Our research has shown that tenants choose a store based primarily on price and the convenience of the site to their home
or business, making high-density, high-traffic population centers ideal locations for stores. A store’s visibility on the internet,
perceived security, cleanliness, and the general professionalism of the store managers and staff are also contributing factors to a
store’s ability to successfully secure rentals. Although most stores are leased to tenants on a month-to-month basis, tenants tend
to continue their leases for extended periods of time.
The self-storage business is subject to seasonal fluctuations. A greater portion of revenues and profits are typically
realized from May through September. Historically, our highest level of occupancy has been at the end of July, while our
lowest level of occupancy has been in late February and early March.
The self-storage industry is a mature industry with average occupancies that are typically at or above 90%. According to
the Self-Storage Almanac (the “Almanac”), the national average physical occupancy rate was 92.8% of net rentable square feet
in 2017, compared to an average physical occupancy rate of 91.6% in 2023. Our average occupancy for wholly-owned stores
for 2023 was 92.0%.
The industry is also characterized by fragmented ownership. According to the Almanac, as of the end of 2023, the top ten
self-storage companies in the United States operated approximately 26.1% of the total U.S. stores, and the top 50 self-storage
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companies operated approximately 32.9% of the total U.S. stores. We believe this fragmentation will contribute to continued
consolidation at some level in the future.
We believe that we are well positioned to compete for acquisitions. We have encountered competition when we have
sought to acquire existing operating stores, especially for brokered portfolios. Competitive bidding practices have been
commonplace between both public and private entities, and this will likely continue.
Regulation
Generally, stores are subject to various laws, ordinances and regulations, including regulations relating to lien sale rights
and procedures and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Changes in any of these laws or regulations, as well as
changes in laws, such as the Comprehensive Environmental Response and Compensation Liability Act, which increase the
potential liability for environmental conditions or circumstances existing or created by tenants or others on stores, or laws
affecting development, construction, operation, limitations on rent increases due to state of emergency or similar orders,
upkeep, safety and taxation may result in significant unanticipated expenditures, loss of stores or other impairments to
operations, which would adversely affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, noncompliance
with any of these laws, ordinances or regulations could result in the imposition of fines or an award of damages to private
litigants and also could require substantial capital expenditures to ensure compliance.
Insurance activities are subject to state insurance laws and regulations as determined by the particular insurance
commissioner for each state in accordance with the McCarran-Ferguson Act, and are subject to the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
and the privacy regulations promulgated by the Federal Trade Commission pursuant thereto. Store management activities may
be subject to state real estate brokerage laws and regulations as determined by the particular real estate commission for each
state. Our collection and processing of personal information may be subject to various data privacy and security laws, which
govern the collection, use, disclosure of personal information and are constantly evolving, may conflict with each other to
complicate compliance efforts and can result in investigations, proceedings, or actions that lead to significant civil and/or
criminal penalties and restrictions on data processing. Changes in any of the laws governing our conduct could have an adverse
impact on our ability to conduct our business or could materially affect our financial position, results of operations or cash
flows.
Human Capital
At Extra Space, our culture is driven by our belief that our people are a key driver in our success. We believe that if we
focus on attracting, developing, and retaining diverse top talent at all levels of the organization, our employees will take care of
our customers and drive growth for our shareholders.
As of December 31, 2023, we had 7,618 employees and believe our relationship with our employees is good. Our
employees are not represented by a collective bargaining agreement. In 2023, we invited our employees to participate in an
employee satisfaction survey and achieved an overall satisfaction score of 79% with over 95% of our employees participating in
our survey.
Compensation, Health and Well Being
We offer competitive health benefits and encourage our employees to participate in employee health and wellness
programs. Over 56% of our employees who are enrolled in our health plan participate in these programs, which are designed to
improve employees' overall health. We offer individualized counseling to our employees to assist them with their journey
towards better health and financial wellness. We also offer other health-oriented benefits such as smoking cessation programs
and a fitness program that allows for reimbursements to employees for expenses incurred relating to fit-friendly activities,
sports or exercise equipment. We also provide employees access to a network of childcare and elder care providers.
Training and Development
In order to attract and retain diverse top talent, we believe strongly that development is a continuous journey throughout
the employee's career. We provide formal development programs which are available to employees who are ready for an
intense structured experience. In 2023, we invested in training and development for our employees, which included leadership
training, communication training, individual development plans, site manager training and mentorship programs. Our field
employees received an average of 22 hours of training and each new hire received an average of 82 hours of training in 2023.
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Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
We value diversity, equity and inclusion and undertake a wide spectrum of initiatives to attract and retain a diverse
workforce. During 2023, we expanded participation in our employee resource groups that provide our employees a space to
build community by celebrating their culture, providing mentoring opportunities and developing educational content for Extra
Space. We will continue to implement and pursue diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives and tracking that allow us to attract
and retain diverse top talent, improve employee engagement, increase innovation and customer insight and enhance the quality
of our decision making. Newsweek recently recognized us as one of America's Greatest Workplaces for Diversity 2024.
Our employee population is approximately 49% female and approximately 44% have self-identified as people of color:
Black or African American (18%), Hispanic or Latino (18%), Asian (2.4%), of two or more races (4.2%), Native American
(0.7%), and Pacific Islander (0.5%).
We believe that our emphasis on training and development, employee safety, employee health and well-being, and a
commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion leads to an increase in employee productivity and positions us to attract and
retain top diverse talent.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
An investment in our securities involves various risks. All investors should carefully consider the following risk factors in
conjunction with the other information contained in this Annual Report before trading in our securities. If any of the events set
forth in the following risks actually occur, our business, operating results, prospects and financial condition could be harmed.
Our performance is subject to risks associated with real estate investments. We are a real estate company that derives our
income from the operation of our stores. There are a number of factors that may adversely affect the income that our stores
generate, including the following:
Risks Related to Our Stores and Operations
Adverse economic or other conditions in the markets in which we do business could negatively affect our occupancy levels
and rental rates and therefore our operating results.
Our revenues and net operating income can be negatively impacted by general economic factors and other conditions that
lead to a reduction in demand for rental space in the markets in which we operate. Our operations, revenues and operating
income may be adversely impacted by, for example, increases in unemployment rates, rising interest rates, changing
demographics, decreases in the volume of housing market transactions, recessions, perceptions about the safety of our stores,
changes in local zoning laws, consequences from climate change, public health emergencies, as well as earthquakes, hurricanes
and other natural disasters, terrorist acts, civil disturbances or acts of war.
If we are unable to promptly re-let our units or if the rates upon such re-letting are significantly lower than expected, our
business and results of operations would be adversely affected.
Nearly all of our leases are on a month-to-month basis. Any delay in re-letting units as vacancies arise would reduce our
revenues and harm our operating results. In addition, lower than expected rental rates upon re-letting could adversely affect our
revenues and impede our growth.
Uninsured losses or losses in excess of our insurance coverage could adversely affect our financial condition and our cash
flow.
We maintain comprehensive property and casualty insurance policies, including liability, fire, flood, earthquake, wind (as
we deem necessary or as required by our lenders), umbrella coverage and rental loss insurance with respect to our stores.
Certain types of losses, however, may be either uninsurable, not economically insurable, or coverage may be excluded on
certain policies, such as losses due to earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, riots, acts of war, terrorism, or social engineering.
Should an uninsured loss occur, we could lose both our investment in and anticipated profits and cash flow from a store. In
addition, if any such loss is insured, we may be required to pay significant amounts on any claim for recovery of such a loss
prior to our insurer being obligated to reimburse us for the loss, or the amount of the loss may exceed our coverage for the loss.
As a result, our operating results may be adversely affected.
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Legal disputes, settlement and defense costs could have an adverse effect on our operating results.
From time to time we have to make monetary settlements or defend actions or arbitration (including class actions) to
resolve tenant, employment-related or other claims and disputes. Settling any such liabilities could negatively impact our
operating results and cash available for distribution to stockholders, and could also adversely affect our ability to sell, lease,
operate or encumber affected properties.
Our tenant reinsurance business is subject to significant governmental regulation, which may adversely affect our results.
Our tenant reinsurance business is subject to significant governmental regulation. The regulatory authorities generally
have broad discretion to grant, renew and revoke licenses and approvals, to promulgate, interpret and implement regulations,
and to evaluate compliance with regulations through periodic examinations, audits and investigations of the affairs of
insurance providers. As a result of regulatory or private action in any jurisdiction, we may be temporarily or permanently
suspended from continuing some or all of our reinsurance activities, or otherwise fined or penalized or suffer an adverse
judgment, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Environmental compliance costs and liabilities associated with operating our stores may adversely affect our results of
operations.
Under various U.S. federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner, developer or
operator of real estate may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances, which
could be substantial. Such laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was
responsible for, the release or presence of such hazardous substances. From time to time, we may acquire properties, or
interests in properties, with known adverse environmental conditions for which we believe that the environmental liabilities
associated with these conditions are quantifiable and that the acquisition will yield a superior risk-adjusted return.
Costs associated with complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 may result in unanticipated expenses.
Under the ADA, places of public accommodation are required to meet certain federal requirements related to access and
use by disabled persons. A number of additional U.S. federal, state and local laws may also require modifications to our stores,
or restrict certain further renovations of the stores, with respect to access thereto by disabled persons. If one or more of our
stores is not in compliance with the ADA or other legislation, then we would be required to incur additional costs to bring the
facility into compliance.
We face continuing risks and costs in connection with integrating the Life Storage business following our business
combination with Life Storage, Inc. (“Life Storage”) in July 2023, and we may not be able to successfully realize the
synergies and other benefits of the acquisition or do so within the anticipated time frame.
The acquisition of Life Storage involves the combination of two companies that previously operated as independent
public companies and their respective operating partnerships. Although we believe the combined company has benefited from
the elimination of duplicative costs associated with supporting a public company platform, we have devoted, and will continue
to devote, significant management attention and resources to integrating the operations of Extra Space and Life Storage.
Although much of Life Storage’s business is integrated, we may encounter costs and difficulties in the continuing integration
process include the following:
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the inability to fully combine the operations of Life Storage into our business, including the integration of employees,
customer records and maintaining cybersecurity protections, in a manner that permits us to achieve the cost savings
anticipated to result from the transaction;
the inability to dispose of former Life Storage assets or operations that we may desire to dispose of;
the difficulties of operating separate brands and the costs of potentially rebranding Life Storage stores over an
extended period of time;
the complexities associated with managing the combined businesses out of different locations and integrating
personnel from the two companies;
the failure to retain key employees of either of the two companies;
potential unknown liabilities and unforeseen increased expenses, delays or regulatory conditions associated with the
Life Storage business; and
performance shortfalls as a result of the diversion of management’s attention caused by completing the Life Storage
transaction and integrating the companies’ operations.
For all these reasons, it is possible that the continuing integration process could result in the distraction of our
management and ongoing business or inconsistencies in our operations, services, standards, controls, procedures and policies,
any of which could adversely affect our ability to maintain relationships with customers, vendors and employees or to achieve
the anticipated benefits of the Life Storage transaction, or could otherwise adversely affect our business and financial results.
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There is significant competition among self-storage operators and from other storage alternatives.
Competition in the local markets in which many of our stores are located is significant and has affected our occupancy
levels, rental rates and operating expenses. Development of self-storage facilities has increased in recent years, which has
intensified competition, and we expect it will continue to do so as newly developed facilities are opened. Development of self-
storage facilities by other operators could continue to increase in the future. Actions by our competitors may decrease or
prevent increases in our occupancy and rental rates, while increasing our operating expenses, which could adversely affect our
business and results of operations.
We may not be successful in identifying and consummating suitable acquisitions that meet our criteria, which may impede
our growth.
Our ability to expand through acquisitions is integral to our business strategy and requires us to identify suitable
acquisition candidates or investment opportunities that meet our criteria and are compatible with our growth strategy. We may
not be successful in identifying suitable stores or other assets that meet our acquisition criteria or in consummating acquisitions
or investments on satisfactory terms or at all. Failure to identify or consummate acquisitions will slow our growth, which could
in turn adversely affect our stock price.
Our ability to acquire stores on favorable terms and successfully integrate and operate them may be constrained by the
following significant risks:
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competition from local investors and other real estate investors with significant capital, including other publicly-traded
REITs and institutional investment funds;
competition from other potential acquirers may significantly increase the purchase price which could reduce our
profitability;
the inability to achieve satisfactory completion of due diligence investigations and other customary closing conditions;
and
we may acquire stores subject to liabilities without any recourse, or with only limited recourse, with respect to
unknown liabilities such as liabilities for clean-up of undisclosed environmental contamination, claims by persons
dealing with the former owners of the stores and claims for indemnification by general partners, directors, officers and
others indemnified by the former owners of the stores.
We and our vendors rely on information technology, and any material failure, inadequacy, interruption or security incident
affecting that technology could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We rely on information technology networks and systems, including the Internet, to process, transmit and store
confidential information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes, including financial transactions and records,
intellectual property, proprietary business information, and personal information of our employees, contractors and customers,
such as tenant and lease data (collectively, "Confidential Information"). We also rely on third-party vendors for information
technology and services, including commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for the
processing, transmission and storage of Confidential Information. Our information technology systems and those of our third-
party service providers, strategic partners and other contractors or consultants are vulnerable to attack and damage or
interruption from computer viruses and malware (e.g. ransomware), misconfigurations, bugs or other vulnerabilities, malicious
code, natural disasters, terrorism, war, telecommunication and electrical failures, hacking, cyberattacks, phishing attacks and
other social engineering schemes, employee theft or misuse, human error fraud, denial or degradation of service attacks, and
sophisticated nation-state and nation-state-supported actors. Although we have taken steps to protect the security of our
information technology systems and Confidential Information, it is possible that our cybersecurity risk management program
and processes, including our policies, safety and security measures will not be fully implemented, complied with or able to
prevent such systems’ improper functioning or damage, or the improper accessing or disclosure of Confidential Information,
from such security breaches, disruptions, and shutdowns. The costs associated with the investigation, remediation and potential
notification of such breaches to counter-parties and data subjects could be material.
We and certain of our service providers are, from time to time, subject to cyberattacks and security incidents. While to
date, we do not believe that we have experienced any significant system failure, accident or security breach, this risk has
generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of such breaches and attempted breaches from around the world
have increased. Furthermore, because the technologies used to obtain unauthorized access to, or to sabotage or disrupt, systems
change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques
or implement adequate preventative measures. We may also experience security breaches that may remain undetected for an
extended period. Even if identified, we may be unable to adequately investigate or remediate incidents or breaches due to
attackers increasingly using tools and techniques that are designed to circumvent controls, to avoid detection, and to remove or
obfuscate forensic evidence. Any failure to maintain the proper functioning, confidentiality, security and availability of our or
our third-party service providers' information technology systems or our Confidential Information could interrupt our
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operations, damage our reputation, divert significant management attention and resources to remedy any damages that result,
subject us to liability and claims or regulatory investigations and enforcement actions, which could result in, among other
things, fines and penalties, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Further, our insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover the financial, legal, business or reputational losses that may
result from an interruption or breach of our systems.
Actual or perceived failures to comply with laws and regulations relating to data privacy and protection, could adversely
affect our business, results of operations, and our financial condition.
In the United States, both federal and various state governments have adopted, or are considering, laws, guidelines or
rules for the collection, distribution, use, storage and security of personal information, and we are or may become subject to
such obligations with respect to information collected from or about our employees, contractors or customers. For example, the
California Consumer Privacy Act, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act, requires certain businesses that process
personal information of California residents to, among other things: provide certain disclosures to California residents regarding
the business’s collection, use, and disclosure of their personal information; receive and respond to requests from California
residents to access, delete, and correct their personal information, or to opt-out of certain disclosures of their personal
information; and enter into specific contractual provisions with service providers that process California resident personal
information on the business’s behalf.
Although we work to comply with applicable laws, regulations and standards, our contractual obligations and other legal
obligations, these requirements are evolving and may be modified, interpreted and applied in an inconsistent manner from one
jurisdiction to another, may conflict with one another or other legal obligations with which we must comply, may require us to
incur significant costs, implement new processes, or otherwise affect our ability to use and disclose the information we collect,
which could affect our results of operations, business, and financial condition. Any failure or perceived failure by us or our
employees, representatives, contractors, consultants, collaborators, or other third parties to comply with such requirements or
adequately address privacy and security concerns, even if unfounded, could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage
our reputation, and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our property taxes could increase due to reassessment or property tax rate changes.
Real property taxes on our properties may increase as our properties are reassessed by taxing authorities or as property
tax rates change. Therefore, the amount of property taxes we are required to pay could increase substantially from the property
taxes we currently pay or have paid in the past, including on a retroactive basis. If our property taxes we pay increase, our cash
flow would be adversely impacted, and our ability to pay any expected dividends to our stockholders and unitholders could be
adversely affected.
Public health emergencies, and measures intended to prevent the spread of a public health emergency, could adversely
affect our results of operations.
We face risks related to public health emergencies, such as epidemics and pandemics that could materially and adversely
impact our results of operations in the future. The impact of a public health emergency, and measures to prevent the spread of a
virus or the underlying causes of a health crisis, could lower demand for storage facilities due to, among other things, stay-at
home orders and other restrictions which may lead to lower rental rates, reduced late fee collection and impaired ability to hold
auctions resulting in higher accounts receivable and bad debt. In addition, a public health emergency could cause general
economic and market disruptions which could impair our ability to expand our business, raise capital and adversely affect the
value of our securities. Although the self-storage industry has historically been resilient to ordinary market downturns, the
impact of pandemics, epidemics or public health emergencies on the U.S. and world economies generally, and on our future
results in particular, could be significant and will largely depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot
be predicted.
Climate change may adversely affect our results of operations.
Climate change may cause extreme weather, changes in precipitation and temperature, increases in wild fire risk and
rising sea levels in the areas in which we operate which may cause physical damage to our stores or a decrease in demand for
rental space in the areas affected by these conditions. Should the impact of climate change be material in nature or occur for
lengthy periods of time, our financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected, and may negatively impact
the types and pricing of insurance we are able to procure. In addition, changes in federal, state and local legislation and
regulation on climate change could result in increased operating costs (for example, increased utility costs) and/or increased
capital expenditures to improve the energy efficiency of our existing stores and could also require us to spend more on our new
stores without a corresponding increase in revenue. Further, the impact of climate change may increase the cost of, or make
unavailable, property insurance or other hazard insurance on terms we find acceptable or necessary to adequately protect our
properties.
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Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure
Conflicts of interest could arise as a result of our relationship with our Operating Partnership.
Conflicts of interest could arise in the future as a result of the relationships between us and our affiliates, and our
Operating Partnership or any partner thereof. Our directors and officers have duties to our Company under applicable Maryland
law in connection with their management of our Company. At the same time, we, through our wholly-owned subsidiary, have
fiduciary duties, as a general partner, to our Operating Partnership and to the limited partners under Delaware law in connection
with the management of our Operating Partnership. Our duties, through our wholly-owned subsidiary, as a general partner to
our Operating Partnership and its partners may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to our Company.
The partnership agreement of our Operating Partnership does not require us to resolve such conflicts in favor of either our
Company or the limited partners in our Operating Partnership. Unless otherwise provided for in the relevant partnership
agreement, Delaware law generally requires a general partner of a Delaware limited partnership to adhere to fiduciary duty
standards under which it owes its limited partners the highest duties of good faith, fairness, and loyalty and which generally
prohibit such general partner from taking any action or engaging in any transaction as to which it has a conflict of interest.
Additionally, the partnership agreement expressly limits our liability by providing that neither we, our direct wholly-
owned Massachusetts business trust subsidiary, as the general partner of the Operating Partnership, nor any of our or their
trustees, directors or officers, will be liable or accountable in damages to our Operating Partnership, the limited partners or
assignees for errors in judgment, mistakes of fact or law or for any act or omission if we, or such trustee, director or officer,
acted in good faith. In addition, our Operating Partnership is required to indemnify us, our affiliates and each of our respective
trustees, officers, directors, employees and agents to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law against any and all losses,
claims, damages, liabilities (whether joint or several), expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees and other legal
fees and expenses), judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts arising from any and all claims, demands, actions, suits or
proceedings, civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, that relate to the operations of the Operating Partnership, provided
that our Operating Partnership will not indemnify for (1) willful misconduct or a knowing violation of the law, (2) any
transaction for which such person received an improper personal benefit in violation or breach of any provision of the
partnership agreement, or (3) in the case of a criminal proceeding, the person had reasonable cause to believe the act or
omission was unlawful.
The provisions of Delaware law that allow the common law fiduciary duties of a general partner to be modified by a
partnership agreement have not been resolved in a court of law, and we have not obtained an opinion of counsel covering the
provisions set forth in the partnership agreement that purport to waive or restrict our fiduciary duties that would be in effect
under common law were it not for the partnership agreement.
Our joint venture investments could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority.
As of December 31, 2023, we held interests in 474 operating stores through joint ventures. Some of these arrangements
could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on co-venturers' financial conditions
and disputes between us and our co-venturers. We expect to continue our joint venture strategy by entering into additional joint
ventures for the purpose of developing new stores and acquiring existing stores. In such event, we would not be in a position to
exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the property, partnership, joint venture or other entity. The decision-making
authority regarding the stores we currently hold through joint ventures is either vested exclusively with our joint venture
partners, is subject to a majority vote of the joint venture partners or is equally shared by us and the joint venture partners. In
addition, investments in partnerships, joint ventures or other entities may, under certain circumstances, involve risks not present
were a third party not involved, including the possibility that partners or co-venturers might become bankrupt or fail to fund
their share of required capital contributions. Partners or co-venturers may have economic or other business interests or goals
which are inconsistent with our business interests or goals, and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or
objectives. Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale, because neither we nor
the partner or co-venturer would have full control over the partnership or joint venture. Disputes between us and partners or co-
venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and/or directors from
focusing their time and efforts on our business. Consequently, actions by or disputes with partners or co-venturers might result
in subjecting stores owned by the partnership or joint venture to additional risk. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be
liable for the actions of our third-party partners or co-venturers, which could harm our financial condition.
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Certain provisions of Maryland law and our organizational documents, including the stock ownership limit imposed by our
charter, may inhibit market activity in our stock and could prevent or delay a change in control transaction.
Our charter, subject to certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to
preserve our qualification as a REIT and to limit any person to actual or constructive ownership of no more than 7.0% (by value
or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of our outstanding common stock or 7.0% (by value or by number of
shares, whichever is more restrictive) of our outstanding capital stock. Our board of directors, in its sole discretion, may exempt
a proposed transferee from the ownership limit. However, our board of directors may not grant an exemption from the
ownership limit to any proposed transferee whose ownership could jeopardize our qualification as a REIT. These restrictions on
ownership will not apply if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify, or to
continue to qualify, as a REIT. The ownership limit may delay or impede a transaction or a change of control that might involve
a premium price for our securities or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders. Different ownership limits apply to
the family of Kenneth M. Woolley, certain of his affiliates, family members and estates and trusts formed for the benefit of the
foregoing; to Spencer F. Kirk, certain of his affiliates, family members and estates and trusts formed for the benefit of the
foregoing; and to certain designated investment entities as defined in our charter.
Our board of directors has the power to issue additional shares of our stock in a manner that may not be in the best interest
of our stockholders.
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of common stock or
preferred stock and to increase the aggregate number of authorized shares or the number of shares of any class or series without
stockholder approval. In addition, our board of directors may classify or reclassify any unissued shares of common stock or
preferred stock and set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. Our board of directors
could issue additional shares of our common stock or establish a series of preferred stock that could have the effect of delaying,
deferring or preventing a change in control or other transaction that might involve a premium price for our securities or
otherwise not be in the best interests of our stockholders.
Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.
Maryland law provides that a director or officer has no liability in that capacity if he or she performs his or her duties in
good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent
person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. In addition, our charter eliminates our directors’ and officers’
liability to us and our stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from actual receipt of an improper benefit
in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the
cause of action. Our bylaws require us to indemnify our directors and officers for liability resulting from actions taken by them
in those capacities to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more
limited rights against our directors and officers than might otherwise exist under common law. In addition, we may be obligated
to fund the defense costs incurred by our directors and officers.
Risks Related to Our Debt Financings
Disruptions in the financial markets could affect our ability to obtain debt financing on reasonable terms and have other
adverse effects on us.
Uncertainty in the credit and financial markets may negatively impact our ability to access additional debt financing or to
refinance existing debt maturities on favorable terms (or at all), which may negatively affect our ability to make acquisitions
and fund development projects. Credit and financial markets can be volatile and may be impacted by diminished liquidity and
credit availability, rising interest and inflation rates, declines in economic growth and uncertainty about economic stability as
well as geopolitical events such as the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, terrorism, civil unrest and acts of war. A
downturn in the credit and financial markets may cause us to seek alternative sources of potentially less attractive financing,
and may require us to adjust our business plan accordingly. In addition, these factors may make it more difficult for us to sell
stores or may adversely affect the price we receive for stores that we do sell, as prospective buyers may experience increased
costs of debt financing or difficulties in obtaining debt financing.
Required payments of principal and interest on borrowings may leave us with insufficient cash to operate our stores or to
pay the distributions currently contemplated or necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT and may expose us to the
risk of default under our debt obligations.
As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $11.3 billion of outstanding indebtedness. We may incur additional debt
in connection with future acquisitions and development. We may borrow under our Credit Lines or borrow new funds to
finance these future stores. Additionally, we do not anticipate that our internally generated cash flow will be adequate to repay
our existing indebtedness upon maturity and, therefore, we expect to repay our indebtedness through refinancings and equity
11
and/or debt offerings. Further, we may need to borrow funds in order to make cash distributions to maintain our qualification as
a REIT or to make our expected distributions. To qualify as a REIT, we generally must distribute to our stockholders at least
90% of our REIT taxable income each year, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net
capital gains, and we are subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our
REIT taxable income each year, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and including net capital gains.
If we are required to utilize our Credit Lines for purposes other than acquisition activity, this will reduce the amount
available for acquisitions and could slow our growth. Therefore, our level of debt and the limitations imposed on us by our debt
agreements could have significant adverse consequences, including the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
our cash flow may be insufficient to meet our required principal and interest payments;
we may be unable to borrow additional funds as needed or on favorable terms, including to make acquisitions or to
continue to make distributions required to maintain our qualification as a REIT;
we may be unable to refinance our indebtedness at maturity or the refinancing terms may be less favorable than the
terms of our original indebtedness;
because a portion of our debt bears interest at variable rates, an increase in interest rates could materially increase our
interest expense;
we may be forced to dispose of one or more of our stores, possibly on disadvantageous terms;
after debt service, the amount available for cash distributions to our stockholders is reduced;
we may experience increased vulnerability to economic and industry downturns, reducing our ability to respond to
changing business and economic conditions;
we may default on our obligations and the lenders or mortgagees may foreclose on our stores that secure their loans
and receive an assignment of rents and leases and/or enforce our guarantees;
we may violate restrictive covenants in our loan documents, which would entitle the lenders to accelerate our debt
obligations; and
our default under any one of our mortgage loans with cross-default or cross-collateralization provisions could result in
a default on other indebtedness or result in the foreclosures of other stores.
Increases in interest rates may increase our interest expense and adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to service our
indebtedness and make cash distributions to our stockholders.
As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $11.3 billion of debt outstanding, of which approximately $3.0 billion,
or 26.6% was subject to variable interest rates (excluding debt with interest rate swaps). This variable rate debt had a weighted
average interest rate of approximately 6.6% per annum. Increases in interest rates on this variable rate debt would increase our
interest expense, which could harm our cash flow and our ability to pay cash distributions.
Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may adversely affect our results of operations.
In certain cases we may seek to manage our exposure to interest rate volatility by using interest rate hedging
arrangements. Hedging involves risks, such as the risk that the counterparty may fail to honor its obligations under an
arrangement. Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may adversely affect our financial condition, results of
operations and ability to make cash distributions to our stockholders.
Our existing indebtedness contains covenants that limit our operating flexibility and failure to comply with all covenants in
our debt agreements could materially and adversely affect us.
Our debt agreements, including our credit agreement governing the revolving credit facility and term loans and the
indentures governing our public traded notes, contain various financial and other covenants that we and our operating
partnership must comply with including total debt to asset ratios, secured debt to total asset ratios, adjusted EBITDA to fixed
charged ratios and minimum ratios of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt which we must maintain.
These covenants may limit our operating flexibility and could prevent us from taking advantage of business opportunities
as they arise, growing our business or competing effectively. Our ability to meet these covenants may be affected by events
beyond our control, and we may be unable to maintain compliance with these covenants. If we fail to meet these requirements,
we may be unable to obtain waivers from the lenders or indenture trustee, as applicable, or amend the covenants.
A breach of any of the covenants or other provisions in our debt agreements could result in an event of default, which if not
cured or waived, could result in such debt becoming due and payable, either automatically or after an election to accelerate by
the required percentage of the holders of the indebtedness or by an agent for the holders of the indebtedness. This, in turn, could
12
cause our other debt, including the notes and our revolving credit facility, to become due and payable as a result of cross-default
or cross-acceleration provisions contained in the agreements governing the other debt and permit certain of our lenders to
foreclose on our assets, if any, that secure this debt. In the event that some or all of our debt is accelerated and becomes
immediately due and payable, we may not have the funds to repay, or the ability to refinance our debt.
A downgrade in our credit ratings could materially adversely affect our business and financial condition and the market
value of our outstanding notes.
The credit ratings assigned to the outstanding publicly-traded notes and other debt securities of the operating partnership
could change based upon, among other things, our results of operations and financial condition. These ratings are subject to
ongoing evaluation by credit rating agencies, and we cannot assure you that any rating will not be changed or withdrawn by a
rating agency in the future if, in its judgment, circumstances warrant. Moreover, these credit ratings are not recommendations to
buy, sell or hold the notes or any other securities. If any of the credit rating agencies that have rated the outstanding notes or
other debt securities of the operating partnership downgrades or lowers its credit rating, or if any credit rating agency indicates
that it has placed any such rating on a so-called “watch list” for a possible downgrading or lowering or otherwise indicates that
its outlook for that rating is negative, it could have a material adverse effect on our costs and availability of capital, which could
in turn have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and our ability to satisfy our
debt service obligations (including payments on the outstanding notes) and to make dividends and other distributions to our
security holders and could also have the material adverse effect on the market value of the outstanding notes.
Risks Related to Qualification and Operation as a REIT
Dividends payable by REITs may be taxed at higher rates.
Dividends payable by REITs may be taxed at higher rates than dividends of non-REIT corporations. The maximum U.S.
federal income tax rate for qualified dividends paid by domestic non-REIT corporations to U.S. stockholders that are
individuals, trust or estates is generally 20%. Dividends paid by REITs to such stockholders are generally not eligible for that
rate, but under current tax law, such stockholders may deduct up to 20% of ordinary dividends (i.e., dividends not designated as
capital gain dividends or qualified dividend income) received from a REIT for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026.
Although this deduction reduces the effective tax rate applicable to certain dividends paid by REITs, such tax rate may still be
higher than the tax rate applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends. This may cause investors to view REIT investments
as less attractive than investments in non-REIT corporations, which in turn may adversely affect the value of stock of REITs,
including our stock. In addition, the relative attractiveness of real estate in general may be adversely affected by the favorable
tax treatment given to corporate dividends, which could negatively affect the value of our stores.
Possible legislative or other actions affecting REITs could adversely affect our stockholders.
The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative
process and by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Changes to the tax laws, with or
without retroactive application, could adversely affect our investors or us in ways we cannot predict. New legislation, Treasury
Regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions could significantly and negatively affect our ability to qualify as a
REIT, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of such qualification, or the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an
investment in us. Also, the law relating to the tax treatment of other entities, or an investment in other entities, could change,
making an investment in such other entities more attractive relative to an investment in a REIT.
Our failure to qualify as a REIT would have significant adverse consequences to us and the value of our stock.
We believe we operate in a manner that allows us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the
Internal Revenue Code. If we fail to qualify as a REIT or lose our qualification as a REIT at any time, we will face serious tax
consequences that would substantially reduce the funds available for distribution for each of the years involved because:
•
•
•
we would not be allowed a deduction for distributions to stockholders in computing our taxable income and would be
subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our taxable income;
we also could be subject to a U.S. federal alternative minimum income tax and possibly increased state and local taxes;
and
unless we are entitled to relief under applicable statutory provisions, we could not elect to be taxed as a REIT for four
taxable years following a year during which we were disqualified.
In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will not be required to make distributions to stockholders, and all
distributions to stockholders will be subject to tax as regular corporate dividends to the extent of our current and accumulated
13
earnings and profits. This means that our U.S. individual stockholders would be taxed on our dividends at capital gains rates,
and our U.S. corporate stockholders would be entitled to the dividends received deduction with respect to such dividends,
subject, in each case, to applicable limitations under the Internal Revenue Code. If we fail to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal
income tax purposes and are able to avail ourselves of one or more of the relief provisions under the Internal Revenue Code in
order to maintain our REIT status, we may nevertheless be required to pay penalty taxes of $50,000 or more for each such
failure. As a result of all these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT also could impair our ability to expand our business and
raise capital, and could adversely affect the value of our securities.
Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Internal Revenue Code provisions for
which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations. The complexity of these provisions and of the
applicable Treasury regulations that have been promulgated under the Internal Revenue Code is greater in the case of a REIT
that, like us, holds its assets through a partnership. The determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely
within our control may affect our ability to qualify as a REIT. In order to qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy a number of
requirements, including requirements regarding the composition of our assets, the sources of our gross income and the owners
of our stock. Our ability to satisfy the asset tests depends upon our analysis of the fair market value of our assets, some of which
are not susceptible to precise determination, and for which we will not obtain independent appraisals. Our ability to satisfy the
income tests depends on the sources and amounts of our gross income, which we may not be able to control. Also, we must
make distributions to stockholders aggregating annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to
the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gains, and we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax to the
extent we distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, without regard to the dividends paid deduction and including
net capital gains.
We own and may acquire direct or indirect interests in entities that have elected or will elect to be taxed as REITs under
the Internal Revenue Code (each, a “Subsidiary REIT”). A Subsidiary REIT is subject to the various REIT qualification
requirements and other limitations described herein that are applicable to us. If a Subsidiary REIT were to fail to qualify as a
REIT, then (i) that Subsidiary REIT would become subject to U.S. federal income tax, (ii) shares in such Subsidiary REIT
would cease to be qualifying assets for purposes of the asset tests applicable to REITs, and (iii) it is possible that we would fail
certain of the asset tests applicable to REITs, in which event we would fail to qualify as a REIT unless we could avail ourselves
of certain relief provisions.
In addition, legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions may adversely affect our
investors, our ability to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes or the desirability of an investment in a REIT
relative to other investments. Although we believe that we have been organized and have operated in a manner that is intended
to allow us to qualify for taxation as a REIT, we can give no assurance that we have qualified or will continue to qualify as a
REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We have not requested and do not plan to request a ruling from the IRS regarding
our qualification as a REIT.
We will pay some taxes, reducing cash available for stockholders.
Even though we qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we will be required to pay some U.S. federal,
state and local taxes on our income and property. Extra Space Management, Inc. manages stores for our joint ventures and
stores owned by third parties. We, jointly with certain corporate subsidiaries, including Extra Space Management, Inc., elected
to treat each such subsidiary as a taxable REIT subsidiary of our Company for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A TRS is
subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax, and may also be subject to state and local taxes, on its taxable income. ESM
Reinsurance Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Extra Space Management, Inc., generates income from insurance premiums
that are subject to U.S. federal income tax and state insurance premiums tax, and pays certain insurance royalties to us. In
addition, we will be subject to a 100% penalty tax on certain amounts if the economic arrangements among our tenants, our
TRS and us are not comparable to similar arrangements among unrelated parties. Also, if we sell property as a dealer (i.e., to
customers in the ordinary course of our trade or business), we will be subject to a 100% penalty tax on any gain arising from
such sales. While we do not intend to sell stores as a dealer, the IRS could take a contrary position. To the extent that we are, or
any of our TRSs is, required to pay U.S. federal, state or local taxes, we will have less cash available for distribution to
stockholders.
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
14
Item 1C.
Cybersecurity
The Company has a cybersecurity risk management program intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and
availability of our critical systems and information, which includes a cybersecurity Incident Response Plan ("IRP"). Our
cybersecurity risk management program is integrated into our overall enterprise risk management program, and shares common
methodologies, reporting channels and governance processes that apply across the enterprise risk management program to other
legal, compliance, strategic, operational, and financial risk areas.
Cybersecurity Risk Identification and Management
We design and assess our program based on the Center for Internet Security Critical Security Controls Version 8 (CIS
V8). This does not imply that we meet any particular technical standards, specifications, or requirements, only that we use the
CIS V8 controls as a guide to help us identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks relevant to our business.
Our cybersecurity risk management program includes:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
third party risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems, information,
products, services, and our broader enterprise IT environment;
a security team principally responsible for managing (1) our cybersecurity risk assessment processes, (2) our security
controls, and (3) our response to cybersecurity incidents;
the use of external service providers, where appropriate, to assess, test or otherwise assist with aspects of our security
controls;
end-user testing to assess the effectiveness of our security measures;
cybersecurity awareness training of our employees, incident response personnel, and senior management, including
mandatory computer-based training, phishing awareness campaigns, and internal communications;
a cybersecurity IRP that includes procedures designed for identifying, analyzing, containing, remedying and otherwise
responding to cybersecurity incidents;
testing of our incident response readiness through Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Plan exercises; and
a third-party risk management process for service providers, suppliers, and vendors who have access to our critical
systems and information.
We have not identified risks from known cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity
incidents, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our operations, business
strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. For more information, see the section titled "Risk Factor-Risks Related to
Our Stores and Operations-We and our vendors rely on information technology, and any material failure, inadequacy,
interruption or security incident affecting that technology could harm our business, results of operations and financial
condition."
Our management team, including our Senior Vice President of Information Systems and Vice President of Information
Security and Compliance, is responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats. The team has
primary responsibility for our overall cybersecurity risk management program and supervises both our internal cybersecurity
personnel and our retained external cybersecurity consultants. Our management team overseeing cybersecurity has over 25+
years of technology and cybersecurity experience and certain of our team hold various cybersecurity certifications, including
the Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) certification.
Our management team supervises efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents
through various means, which may include briefings from internal security personnel; threat intelligence and other information
obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants engaged by us; and alerts and reports
produced by security tools deployed in the IT environment.
The Company is able to identify cybersecurity breaches through various channels, including but not limited to automated
event detection alerts, reports from employees, notifications from external entities such as third-party IT service providers, and
proactive threat investigations in collaboration with our external partners. Upon spotting a potential cybersecurity breach,
including those involving third-party cyber events, the Company’s designated incident response team outlined in the IRP
adheres to the policy's protocols to investigate the suspected incident. This investigation entails determining the nature of the
event (e.g., ransomware attack or breach of personal data), evaluating the severity of the incident, and gauging the sensitivity of
any compromised data.
15
In the event of a cybersecurity breach, our primary objective is to swiftly contain it by the procedures detailed in our IRP.
Once containment is achieved, our focus shifts to remediation and recovery efforts. These actions are tailored to the specifics of
the breach and may involve tasks such as rebuilding systems or hosts, replacing compromised files with clean versions,
verifying the integrity of affected files or data, enhancing network surveillance or logging to detect future attacks, adjusting
administrative account privileges, fortifying network security like firewall configurations, and providing additional training to
employees. Additionally, we carry cybersecurity insurance to cover certain expenses associated with security lapses and
specified cyber incidents that disrupt our network or those of our vendors, subject to predefined limits and exclusions.
Our IRP includes clear communication guidelines, outlining procedures for engaging executive management, internal and
external legal counsel, the Audit Committee, and the Board. These protocols also encompass a framework for evaluating our
regulatory reporting obligations to entities such as the SEC in the aftermath of a cybersecurity incident.
Board Oversight of Cybersecurity
Our Board considers cybersecurity risk as part of its risk oversight function and has delegated to the Audit Committee
oversight of cybersecurity and other information technology risks. The Audit Committee oversees management’s
implementation of our cybersecurity risk management program. In addition, management updates the Audit Committee, as
necessary, regarding any material cybersecurity incidents, as well as any incidents with lesser impact potential.
The Audit Committee reports to the full Board regarding its activities, including those related to cybersecurity. The full
Board also receives briefings from management on our cyber risk management program on a quarterly basis. Board members
receive presentations on cybersecurity topics from our Senior Vice President of Information Systems as well as our Vice
President of Information Security and Compliance, internal security staff or external experts as part of the Board’s continuing
education on topics that impact public companies.
As part of our board refreshment efforts in recent years, we have added directors with information technology governance
skills. Currently, five members of our board, including all four members of our Audit Committee, have cybersecurity
experience from their principal occupation, other professional experience or third-party director education courses on
cybersecurity, including cyber risk governance, and data privacy and security issues and trends.
16
Item 2.
Properties
As of December 31, 2023, we owned or had ownership interests in 2,377 operating stores. Of these stores, 1,903 are
wholly-owned, two are in consolidated joint ventures, and 472 are in unconsolidated joint ventures. In addition, we managed
1,337 stores for third parties bringing the total number of stores which we own and/or manage to 3,714. These stores are located
in 42 states, and Washington, D.C. The majority of our stores are clustered around large population centers. The clustering of
assets around these population centers enables us to reduce our operating costs through economies of scale. Our acquisitions
have given us an increased scale in many core markets as well as a foothold in many markets where we had no previous
presence.
As of December 31, 2023, approximately 2,100,000 tenants were leasing storage units at the operating stores that we own
and/or manage, primarily on a month-to-month basis, providing the flexibility to increase rental rates over time as market
conditions permit. Existing tenants generally receive rate increases at least annually, for which no direct correlation has been
drawn to our vacancy trends. Although leases are short-term in duration, the typical tenant tends to remain at our stores for an
extended period of time. For stores that were stabilized as of December 31, 2023, the average length of stay was approximately
17.4 months.
The average annual rent per square foot for our existing customers at stabilized stores, net of discounts and bad debt, was
$21.25 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $20.50 for the year ended December 31, 2022. Average annual rent
per square foot for new leases was $16.19 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $18.32 for the year ended
December 31, 2022. The average discounts, as a percentage of rental revenues, during these periods were 2.5% and 3.0%,
respectively.
Our store portfolio is made up of different types of construction and building configurations. Most often sites are what we
consider “hybrid” facilities, a mix of both drive-up buildings and multi-floor buildings. We have a number of multi-floor
buildings with elevator access only, and a number of facilities featuring ground-floor access only.
17
37618%Northeast18%EXR PRESENCENO PRESENCE 1%Northwest 12%California & Hawaii 9%Mtn West 13%Texas 14%MidwestNortheast 9%Mid-Atlantic 12%Southeast 12%Florida *Weighted by portfolio square footage as of December 31, 2023 DIVERSIFIED PORTFOLIO The following table presents additional information regarding net rentable square feet and the number of stores by state:
REIT Owned
JV Owned
Managed
Total
As of December 31, 2023
Location
Alabama
Arizona
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Washington
Washington, DC
Wisconsin
Totals
Property
Count (1)
Net
Rentable
Square Feet
2,913,201
37
46
3,431,613
218 17,876,246
1,890,949
27
1,754,071
23
—
—
245 18,448,238
9,050,883
119
942,069
14
131,569
2
7,534,278
105
3,935,511
91
—
—
50,219
1
1,065,563
15
771,538
10
353,767
5
3,473,618
44
4,059,829
64
673,399
8
709,829
8
560,879
7
2,240,243
28
—
—
2,907,229
33
1,274,725
17
7,033,287
88
714,415
11
5,693,262
79
3,732,706
52
3,357,288
50
268,833
4
550,155
8
2,359,752
31
351,451
6
2,977,927
40
2,410,329
29
241 19,927,466
733,895
5,956,916
1,090,894
100,203
97,938
1,905 143,406,183
10
73
14
1
1
Property
Count
2
26
50
13
8
2
56
23
—
—
12
1
—
2
1
—
—
11
16
4
8
—
7
—
9
2
33
10
28
8
5
—
2
12
1
11
16
71
—
10
2
1
9
472
Net
Rentable
Square Feet
150,859
2,091,172
3,715,231
937,765
714,457
143,640
4,653,439
1,892,103
—
—
940,032
57,777
—
108,921
51,800
—
—
899,878
984,594
309,052
646,659
—
509,322
—
840,819
84,165
2,610,319
681,770
2,316,671
620,612
325,617
—
166,638
966,346
95,844
708,382
1,091,936
5,456,117
—
759,116
199,770
104,189
883,232
36,718,244
Property
Count
Net
Rentable
Square Feet
757,497
3,513,713
11,806,094
2,338,587
948,070
228,651
12,618,124
3,686,856
159,569
201,847
3,311,178
1,790,294
175,614
416,764
1,179,886
1,777,779
750,918
3,381,481
2,388,706
1,186,708
1,009,746
736,463
1,583,234
371,900
1,059,569
871,125
4,290,839
1,084,218
5,883,153
2,666,196
1,661,267
1,493,518
467,124
3,741,143
473,601
3,198,894
1,719,250
10,409,683
2,512,983
2,367,593
1,262,293
538,309
1,245,006
1,337 103,265,443
12
43
126
32
14
3
164
49
3
2
44
25
2
5
15
25
12
47
36
15
14
10
20
4
11
20
55
15
84
37
22
20
7
51
6
39
24
122
31
34
16
6
15
Property
Count
Net
Rentable
Square Feet
3,821,557
9,036,498
33,397,571
5,167,301
3,416,598
372,291
35,719,801
14,629,842
1,101,638
333,416
11,785,488
5,783,582
175,614
575,904
2,297,249
2,549,317
1,104,685
7,754,977
7,433,129
2,169,159
2,366,234
1,297,342
4,332,799
371,900
4,807,617
2,230,015
13,934,445
2,480,403
13,893,086
7,019,514
5,344,172
1,762,351
1,183,917
7,067,241
920,896
6,885,203
5,221,515
35,793,266
3,246,878
9,083,625
2,552,957
742,701
2,226,176
3,714 283,389,870
51
115
394
72
45
5
465
191
17
4
161
117
2
8
31
35
17
102
116
27
30
17
55
4
53
39
176
36
191
97
77
24
17
94
13
90
69
434
41
117
32
8
25
(1) Includes two consolidated joint ventures and excludes approximately 17,900 units related to Bargold Storage Systems, LLC
("Bargold"). See Note 5 in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
18
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
We are involved in various legal proceedings and are subject to various claims and complaints arising in the ordinary
course of business. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, the outcome of these matters cannot presently be determined
with any degree of certainty. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, management establishes an accrued liability
for litigation when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable. In such cases, there
may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. The estimated loss, if any, is based upon currently available
information and is subject to significant judgment, a variety of assumptions, and known and unknown uncertainties. We could
in the future incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims that could have a material adverse effect on our results of
operations in any particular period, notwithstanding the fact that we are currently vigorously defending any legal proceedings
against us. For more information on our legal accruals, refer to the Commitments and Contingencies footnote in the notes to
the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities
Market Information
Our common stock is traded under the symbol “EXR” on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") since our IPO on
August 17, 2004. On February 22, 2024, the closing price of our common stock as reported by the NYSE was $141.39. At
February 22, 2024, we had 833 holders of record of our common stock. Certain shares of the Company are held in “street”
name and accordingly, the number of beneficial owners of such shares is not known or included in the foregoing number.
Holders of shares of common stock are entitled to receive distributions when declared by our board of directors out of
any assets legally available for that purpose. As a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our “REIT taxable
income,” which is generally equivalent to our net taxable ordinary income, determined without regard to the deduction for
dividends paid to our stockholders, annually in order to maintain our REIT qualification for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
We have historically made regular quarterly distributions to our stockholders.
Information about our equity compensation plans is incorporated by reference in Item 12 of Part III of this Annual Report
on Form 10-K.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
In November 2023, our board of directors authorized a three-year share repurchase program allowing the repurchase of
shares with an aggregate value up to $500.0 million. During the year ended December 31, 2023, no shares were repurchased.
As of December 31, 2023, we had remaining authorization to repurchase shares with an aggregate value up to $500.0 million.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
All unregistered sales of equity securities during the year ended December 31, 2023 have previously been disclosed in
filings with the SEC.
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
Not required.
19
Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto appearing
elsewhere in this report. We make statements in this section that are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the
federal securities laws. For a complete discussion of forward-looking statements, see the section in this Form 10-K entitled
“Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Information.” Certain risk factors may cause actual results, performance or
achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the following discussion. For a discussion of such risk
factors, see the section in this Form 10-K entitled “Risk Factors.” Dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share
data, unless otherwise stated.
OVERVIEW
We are a fully integrated, self-administered and self-managed REIT, formed to own, operate, manage, acquire, develop
and redevelop self-storage properties (“stores”). We derive substantially all of our revenues from our two segments: storage
operations and tenant reinsurance. Primary sources of revenue for our storage operations segment include rents received from
tenants under leases at each of our wholly-owned stores. Our operating results depend materially on our ability to lease
available self-storage units, to actively manage unit rental rates, and on the ability of our tenants to make required rental
payments. Consequently, management spends a significant portion of their time maximizing cash flows from our diverse
portfolio of stores. Revenue from our tenant reinsurance segment consists of insurance revenues from the reinsurance of risks
relating to the loss of goods stored by tenants in our stores.
Our stores are generally situated in highly visible locations clustered around large population centers. The clustering of
our assets around these population centers enables us to reduce our operating costs through economies of scale. To maximize
the performance of our stores, we employ industry-leading revenue management systems. Developed by our management team,
these systems enable us to analyze, set and adjust rental rates in real time across our portfolio in order to respond to changing
market conditions. We believe our systems and processes allow us to more pro-actively manage revenues.
We operate in competitive markets, often where consumers have multiple stores from which to choose. Competition has
impacted, and will continue to impact, our store results. We experience seasonal fluctuations in occupancy levels, with
occupancy levels generally higher in the summer months due to increased moving activity. We believe that we are able to
respond quickly and effectively to changes in local, regional and national economic conditions by adjusting rental rates through
the combination of our revenue management team and our industry-leading technology systems. We consider a store to be in
the lease-up stage after it has been issued a certificate of occupancy, but before it has achieved stabilization. We consider a store
to be stabilized once it has achieved either an 80% occupancy rate for a full year measured as of January 1 of the current year,
or has been open for three years prior to January 1 of the current year.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The
preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets
and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting
period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions, including those that impact our most critical
accounting policies. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that we
believe are reasonable under the circumstances. A summary of significant accounting policies is also provided in the notes to
our consolidated financial statements (see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements). Actual results may differ from these
estimates. We believe the following are our most critical accounting policies and estimates:
CONSOLIDATION: Arrangements that are not controlled through voting or similar rights are accounted for as variable
interest entities (“VIEs”). An enterprise is required to consolidate a VIE if it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE.
Under certain circumstances when we enter into arrangements for the formation of joint ventures, a VIE may be created.
The primary factors that require the most judgment in determining whether the joint venture is a VIE are whether the decisions
that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance were controlled by the equity holders as a group, and whether
the joint venture has sufficient equity to finance its activities without additional subordinated support.
If the joint venture is determined to be a VIE, we perform a qualitative analysis, including considering which party, if
any, has the power to direct the activities most significant to the economic performance of each VIE and whether that party has
the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. If we
are determined to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE, the assets, liabilities and operations of the VIE are consolidated within
20
our financial statements. Otherwise, our investment is generally accounted for under the equity method. Our ability to
correctly assess the influence or control over an entity affects the presentation of the investment in our consolidated financial
statements.
REAL ESTATE ASSETS: We account for the acquisition of stores, including by merger and other acquisitions of real
estate, in accordance with ASC 805-10, "Business Combinations." We use our judgment to determine if assets acquired meet
the definition of a business or if the acquisition should be considered an asset acquisition. We must make significant
assumptions and estimates in determining the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets and liabilities acquired and
consideration transferred. These fair value estimates are sensitive to: price of land per square foot and current replacement cost
estimates, including adjustments for the age, class, height, square footage, condition, location, and turnkey factor. These
assumptions and estimates require judgment, and therefore others could come to materially different conclusions as to the
estimated fair values, which could result in differences in depreciation and amortization expense, gains and losses on the sale of
real estate assets, and real estate and intangible asset values.
EVALUATION OF ASSET IMPAIRMENT: Long lived assets held for use are evaluated for impairment when events
or circumstances indicate that there may be impairment. We review each store at least annually to determine if any such events
or circumstances have occurred or exist. We focus on stores where occupancy and/or rental income have decreased by a
significant amount. For these stores, we determine whether the decrease is temporary or permanent and whether the store will
likely recover the lost occupancy and/or revenue in the short term. In addition, we review stores in the lease-up stage and
compare actual operating results to original projections. We may not have identified all material facts and circumstances that
affect impairment of our stores. No material impairments were recorded in the year ended December 31, 2023.
We evaluate goodwill for impairment at least annually and whenever events, circumstances, and other related factors
indicate that fair value of the related reporting unit may be less than the carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit is
determined to exceed the aggregate carrying amount, no impairment charge is recorded. Otherwise, an impairment charge is
recorded to the extent the carrying amount of the goodwill exceeds the amount that would be allocated to goodwill if the
reporting unit were acquired for estimated fair value. No impairments were recorded in our evaluations for any period presented
herein.
DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES: We hold a number of derivative instruments which
we use to hedge our exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, mainly related to our interest rates on variable interest
debt. We do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. We assess our derivatives both at inception, and on an
ongoing quarterly basis, for whether the derivatives used in hedging transactions are effective. The rules and interpretations
relating to the accounting for derivatives are complex. Failure to apply this guidance correctly may require us to recognize all
changes in fair value of the hedged derivative in earnings, which may materially impact our results.
INCOME TAXES: We have elected to be treated as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue
Code. In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, among other requirements, we are required to distribute at least 90% of
our REIT taxable income to our stockholders and meet certain tests regarding the nature of our income and assets. As a REIT,
we are not subject to U.S. federal income tax with respect to that portion of our income which meets certain criteria and is
distributed annually to our stockholders. We plan to continue to operate so that we meet the requirements for taxation as a
REIT. Many of these requirements, however, are highly technical and complex. For any taxable year that we fail to qualify as a
REIT and for which applicable statutory relief provisions did not apply, we would be subject to U.S. federal corporate income
tax on all of our taxable income for at least that year and the ensuing four years. We could also be subject to penalties and
interest, and our net income may be materially different from the amounts reported in our financial statements.
We have elected to treat certain corporate subsidiaries, including Extra Space Management, Inc., as a TRS. In general, a
TRS may perform additional services for tenants and generally may engage in any real estate or non-real estate related business.
A TRS is subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax and may also be subject to state and local income taxes. Interest and
penalties relating to uncertain tax positions will be recognized in income tax expense when incurred. If tax authorities determine
that amounts paid by any of our TRSs to us are not reasonable compared to similar arrangements among unrelated parties, we
could be subject to a penalty tax on the excess payments.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements affecting our business, see Item 8, “Financial Statements and
Supplementary Data–Recently Issued Accounting Standards.”
21
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2023 to the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Overview
Results for the year ended December 31, 2023 included the operations of 2,377 stores (1,903 wholly-owned, two in a
consolidated joint venture, and 472 in joint ventures accounted for using the equity method) compared to the results for the year
ended December 31, 2022, which included the operations of 1,451 stores (1,132 wholly-owned, one in a consolidated joint
venture, and 318 in joint ventures accounted for using the equity method). Material or unusual changes in the results of our
operations are discussed below.
EXTRA SPACE STORES UNDER MANAGEMENT
OCCUPANCY TRENDS – SAME-STORE POOL
3,714 Total
1337
472
1,905
2023
94.6%
93.8%
97.0%
96.0%
95.0%
94.0%
93.0%
92.0%
91.0%
90.0%
2,338 Total
887
318
1,133
2022
94.2%
93.0%
2022
2023
Consolidated
Joint Venture
Third Party Managed
* End of month occupancy for 2022 & 2023 “Same-store” pools
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
Revenues
The following table presents information on revenues earned for the years indicated:
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
$ Change
% Change
Property rental
Tenant reinsurance
Management fees and other income
Total revenues
$
2,222,578 $
1,654,735 $
567,843
235,680
101,986
185,531
83,904
50,149
18,082
$
2,560,244 $
1,924,170 $
636,074
34.3 %
27.0 %
21.6 %
33.1 %
Property Rental—The increase in property rental revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily the
result of an increase of $507,054 associated with our merger with Life Storage on July 20, 2023, (the "Life Storage Merger" or
"Merger") and other acquisitions completed in 2023. We acquired 757 wholly-owned stores in the Merger and an additional 14
stores during the year ended December 31, 2023. We acquired 153 stores during the year ended December 31, 2022. In addition
to the increase attributable to the Merger, property rental revenues increased by $46,712 due to operating results at our
stabilized stores and increased by $7,523 as a result of increases in occupancy at our lease-up stores.
Tenant Reinsurance—The increase in tenant reinsurance revenues was due primarily to an increase in the number of
stores operated. We operated 3,714 stores at December 31, 2023, compared to 2,338 stores at December 31, 2022.
Management Fees and Other Income—Management fees and other income represent the fees collected for our
management of stores owned by third parties and unconsolidated joint ventures and other transaction fee income. The increase
for the year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily due to an increase in the number of stores managed. As of December 31,
2023, we managed 1,811 stores for third parties and joint ventures compared to 1,206 stores as of December 31, 2022.
22
Expenses
The following table presents information on expenses for the years indicated:
Property operations
Tenant reinsurance
Transaction costs
Life Storage Merger transition costs
General and administrative
Depreciation and amortization
Total expenses
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
$ Change
% Change
$
612,036 $
58,874
435,342 $
33,560
176,694
25,314
—
66,732
146,408
1,548
—
129,251
(1,548)
66,732
17,157
506,053
1,390,103 $
$
288,316
888,017 $
217,737
502,086
40.6 %
75.4 %
(100.0)
— %
13.3 %
75.5 %
56.5 %
Property Operations—The increase in property operations expense consists primarily of an increase of $153,712
associated with the Life Storage Merger and other acquisitions completed in 2023. We acquired 757 wholly-owned stores in the
merger and an additional 14 stores during the year ended December 31, 2023. We acquired 153 stores during the year ended
December 31, 2022. Additionally, property operations expense increased $22,097 at stabilized stores due to increased
marketing expense, credit card processing fees and insurance.
Tenant Reinsurance—Tenant reinsurance expense represents the costs that are incurred to provide tenant reinsurance.
The increase in tenant reinsurance expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 was due primarily to the increase in total
number of stores operated compared to the prior year. We operated 3,714 stores at December 31, 2023, compared to 2,338
stores at December 31, 2022.
Transaction Costs—This represents the costs that were incurred as part of the acquisition of Bargold.
Life Storage Merger Transition Costs— Represents the costs that were incurred as part of the Life Storage Merger
primarily consisting of severance paid as part of employment agreements with certain employees and officers of Life Storage.
General and Administrative—General and administrative expenses primarily include all expenses not directly related to
our stores, including corporate payroll, travel and professional fees. These expenses are recognized as incurred. Our overall
expense has increased primarily as a result of our increased size through acquisitions, business combinations and growth
through our joint venture partners and managed portfolio. No other material trends in specific travel or other expenses were
observed.
Depreciation and Amortization—Depreciation and amortization expense increased primarily as a result of the
acquisition of new stores. We acquired 757 wholly-owned stores in the Life Storage Merger and an additional 14 wholly-owned
stores during the year ended December 31, 2023. We acquired 153 stores during the year ended December 31, 2022.
23
Other Income and Expenses
The following table presents information on other revenues and expenses for the years indicated:
Gain on real estate transactions
Interest expense
Non-cash interest expense related to amortization of discount
on Life Storage unsecured senior notes
Interest income
Equity in earnings and dividend income from unconsolidated
real estate entities
Income tax expense
Total other expense, net
For the Year Ended
December 31,
2023
2022
$ Change % Change
$
— $
14,249 $
(419,035)
(219,171)
(14,249)
(199,864)
(100.0) %
91.2 %
(18,786)
84,857
—
69,422
(18,786)
15,435
54,835
41,428
13,407
(21,559)
(634)
$ (319,688) $ (114,997) $ (204,691)
(20,925)
100.0 %
22.2 %
32.4 %
3.0 %
178.0 %
Gain on Real Estate Transactions — During the year ended, December 31, 2022, we sold two stores. We recognized a
total gain of $14,249 related to the sale of these assets.
Interest Expense—The increase in interest expense during the year ended December 31, 2023 was the result of higher
overall debt and a higher average interest rate when compared to the same period in the prior year. Information on the total face
value of debt and the average interest rate for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is set forth in the
following table:
Total face value of debt
Average interest rate
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
$ 11,346,105
$
7,364,424
4.6 %
4.1 %
Non-cash Interest Expense Related to Amortization of Discount on Life Storage Unsecured Senior Notes—
Represents the amortization of the discount recorded to present the fair value of the Life Storage unsecured senior notes
assumed as part of the Life Storage Merger.
Interest Income—Interest income represents interest earned on bridge loans and debt securities, income earned on notes
receivable from common and preferred Operating Partnership unit holders and amounts earned on cash and cash equivalents
deposited with financial institutions. The total principal balance of bridge loans receivable as of December 31, 2023 was
$594,727, compared to $491,879 as of December 31, 2022. The increase in interest income during the year ended December 31,
2023 was primarily the result of the higher bridge loan balances along with higher interest rates.
Equity in Earnings and Dividend Income from Unconsolidated Real Estate Entities—Equity in earnings of
unconsolidated real estate ventures represents the income earned through our ownership interests in unconsolidated real estate
ventures. In joint ventures, we and our joint venture partners generally receive a preferred return on our invested capital. To the
extent that cash or profits in excess of these preferred returns are generated, we receive a higher percentage of the excess cash
or profits, as applicable. We added a total of 154 stores to new and existing joint ventures (145 stores from the Life Storage
Merger) during the year ended December 31, 2023 resulting in higher earnings when compared to the prior year. Dividend
income represents dividends from our investment in preferred stock of SmartStop Self Storage REIT, Inc. and Strategic Storage
Trust VI, Inc.
Income Tax Expense—For the year ended December 31, 2023, the increase in income tax expense was the result of an
increase in income earned by our TRS when compared to the same period in the prior year.
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2022 to the Year Ended December 31, 2021
The results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 compared to December 31, 2021 was included in our
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 on page 21, under Part II, Item 7, “Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” which was filed with the SEC on February 28,
2022.
24
FUNDS FROM OPERATIONS
Funds from operations ("FFO") provides relevant and meaningful information about our operating performance that is
necessary, along with net income and cash flows, for an understanding of our operating results. We believe FFO is a
meaningful disclosure as a supplement to net earnings. Net earnings assume that the values of real estate assets diminish
predictably over time as reflected through depreciation and amortization expenses. The values of real estate assets fluctuate due
to market conditions and we believe FFO more accurately reflects the value of our real estate assets. FFO is defined by the
National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. (“NAREIT”) as net income computed in accordance with U.S.
generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), excluding gains or losses on sales of operating stores and impairment
write-downs of depreciable real estate assets, plus real estate related depreciation and amortization and after adjustments to
record unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures on the same basis. We believe that to further understand our performance,
FFO should be considered along with the reported net income and cash flows in accordance with GAAP, as presented in the
consolidated financial statements. FFO should not be considered a replacement of net income computed in accordance with
GAAP.
The computation of FFO may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs or real estate companies that do not
define the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or that interpret the current NAREIT definition differently.
FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be
considered as an alternative to net income as an indication of our performance, as an alternative to net cash flow from operating
activities as a measure of our liquidity, or as an indicator of our ability to make cash distributions.
The following table presents the calculation of FFO for the periods indicated:
Net income attributable to common stockholders
$
803,198 $
860,688 $
827,649
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
Adjustments:
Real estate depreciation
Amortization of intangibles
Gain on real estate transactions
Unconsolidated joint venture real estate depreciation and amortization
Unconsolidated joint venture gain on sale of real estate assets and purchase
of partner's interest
Distributions paid on Series A Preferred Operating Partnership units
Income allocated to Operating Partnership noncontrolling interests
Funds from operations attributable to common stockholders and unit
holders
418,149
59,295
—
24,400
—
(159)
47,255
263,923
13,623
(14,249)
16,644
—
(2,288)
60,468
229,133
4,420
(140,760)
11,954
(6,251)
(2,288)
50,109
$ 1,352,138 $ 1,198,809 $
973,966
25
SAME-STORE RESULTS
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2023 to the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Our same-store pool for the periods presented consists of 913 stores that are wholly-owned and operated and that were
stabilized by the first day of the earliest calendar year presented. We consider a store to be stabilized once it has been open for
three years or has sustained average square foot occupancy of 80% or more for one calendar year. We believe that by providing
same-store results from a stabilized pool of stores, with accompanying operating metrics including, but not limited to:
occupancy, rental revenue growth, operating expense growth, net operating income growth, etc., stockholders and potential
investors are able to evaluate operating performance without the effects of non-stabilized occupancy levels, rent levels, expense
levels, acquisitions or completed developments. Same-store results should not be used as a basis for future same-store
performance or for the performance of our stores as a whole. The following table presents operating data for our same-store
portfolio:
Same-store rental revenues
Same-store operating expenses
Same-store net operating income
For the Year Ended
December 31,
2023
2022
$ 1,562,286 $ 1,515,365
376,166 $
361,570
$
$ 1,186,120 $ 1,153,795
Percent
Change
3.1%
4.0%
2.8%
Same-store square foot occupancy as of year end
93.0 %
94.1 %
Properties included in same-store
913
913
Same-store revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased compared to the same periods in 2022 due to higher
average rates to existing customers and higher other operating income partially offset by lower occupancy.
Same-store expenses increased for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended 2022 due to increases in
payroll, credit card processing fees, utilities, property taxes and insurance. The same-store expense growth rate for the year
ended December 31, 2023 is amplified by negative expense growth in the 2022 comparable period.
26
The following table presents a reconciliation of same-store net operating income to net income as presented on our
condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods indicated:
Net Income
Adjusted to exclude:
Gain on real estate transactions
Equity in earnings and dividend income from unconsolidated real estate entities
Interest expense
Non-cash interest expense related to amortization of discount on Life Storage unsecured senior
notes
Depreciation and amortization
Income tax expense
Transaction costs
Life Storage Merger transition costs
General and administrative
Management fees, other income and interest income
Net tenant insurance
Non same-store rental revenue
Non same-store operating expense
Total same-store net operating income
For the Year Ended
December 31,
2023
2022
$ 850,453 $ 921,156
—
(14,249)
(54,835)
419,035
(41,428)
219,171
18,786
506,053
21,559
—
66,732
146,408
—
288,316
20,925
1,548
—
129,251
(186,843)
(153,326)
(176,806)
(151,971)
(660,292)
(139,370)
235,870
73,772
$ 1,186,120 $ 1,153,795
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2022 to the Year Ended December 31, 2021
The same-store results for the years ended December 31, 2022 compared to December 31, 2021 was included in our
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 on page 20, under Part II, Item 7, “Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” which was filed with the SEC on February 28,
2023.
27
CASH FLOWS
Cash flows from operating activities increased as expected due to our continued growth in revenues and through the
increase in the number of properties we own and operate. Cash flows used in investing activities relate primarily to our
acquisitions and development of new stores, sales of stores, investments in unconsolidated real estate entities and notes
receivable from bridge loans, and fluctuate depending on our actions in those areas. Cash flows from financing activities
depend primarily on our debt and equity financing activities. A summary of cash flows along with significant components are
as follows:
Net cash provided by operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Significant components of net cash flow included:
Net income
Depreciation and amortization
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
$
1,402,474 $
1,238,139 $
952,436
(1,818,256)
423,130
(1,648,459)
431,861
(837,540)
(166,711)
$
850,453 $
506,053
921,156 $
288,316
877,758
241,879
Acquisition, development and redevelopment of stores
(420,892)
(1,353,510)
(1,289,524)
Life Storage Merger, net of cash acquired
Cash paid for business combination
Gain on real estate transactions
Investment in unconsolidated real estate entities
Issuance and purchase of notes receivable
Proceeds from sale of notes receivable
Principal payments received from notes receivable
Proceeds from the sale of common stock, net of offering costs
Proceeds from sale of real estate assets and investments in real estate
ventures
Net proceeds from our debt financing and repayment activities
Repurchase of common stock
Proceeds from issuance of public bonds, net
Dividends paid on common stock
(1,182,411)
—
—
(180,279)
(330,499)
167,495
142,192
—
2,132
1,574,019
—
—
—
(157,302)
(14,249)
(118,963)
(529,245)
210,048
283,636
—
39,367
1,376,411
(63,008)
—
—
—
(140,760)
(54,602)
(317,482)
172,002
51,463
273,189
572,728
206,691
—
—
(1,046,341)
(805,311)
(600,994)
We believe that cash flows generated by operations, along with our existing cash and cash equivalents, the availability of
funds under our existing lines of credit, and our access to capital markets will be sufficient to meet all of our reasonably
anticipated cash needs during the next twelve months. These cash needs include operating expenses, monthly debt service
payments, recurring capital expenditures, acquisitions, funding for the bridge loan program, building redevelopments and
expansions, distributions to unit holders and dividends to stockholders necessary to maintain our REIT qualification.
We expect to generate positive cash flow from operations and we consider projected cash flows in our sources and uses of
cash. These cash flows are principally derived from rents paid by our tenants. A significant deterioration in projected cash flows
from operations could cause us to increase our reliance on available funds under our existing lines of credit, curtail planned
capital expenditures, or seek other additional sources of financing.
28
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Financing Strategy
We will continue to employ leverage in our capital structure in amounts reviewed from time to time by our board of
directors. Although our board of directors has not adopted a policy which limits the total amount of indebtedness that we may
incur, we will consider a number of factors in evaluating our level of indebtedness from time to time, as well as the amount of
such indebtedness that will be either fixed or variable rate. In making financing decisions, we will consider factors including
but not limited to:
• the interest rate of the proposed financing;
• the extent to which the financing impacts flexibility in managing our stores;
• prepayment penalties and restrictions on refinancing;
• the purchase price of stores acquired with debt financing;
• long-term objectives with respect to the financing;
• target investment returns;
• the ability of particular stores, and our company as a whole, to generate cash flow sufficient to cover expected debt
service payments;
• overall level of consolidated indebtedness;
• timing of debt maturities;
• provisions that require recourse and cross-collateralization; and
• corporate credit ratios including fixed charge coverage ratio and max secured/unsecured indebtedness.
Our indebtedness may be recourse, non-recourse, cross-collateralized, cross-defaulted, secured or unsecured. In addition,
we may invest in stores subject to existing loans collateralized by mortgages or similar liens, or may refinance stores acquired
on a leveraged basis. We may use the proceeds from any borrowings to refinance existing indebtedness, to refinance
investments, including the redevelopment of existing stores, for general working capital or to purchase additional interests in
partnerships or joint ventures or for other purposes when we believe it is advisable.
As of December 31, 2023, we had $99,062 available in cash and cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents are held
in accounts managed by third party financial institutions and consist of invested cash and cash in our operating accounts.
During 2023 and 2022, we experienced no loss or lack of access to our cash or cash equivalents; however, there can be no
assurance that access to our cash and cash equivalents will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets.
As of December 31, 2023, we had $11,346,105 face value of debt, resulting in a debt to total enterprise value ratio of
24.2%. As of December 31, 2022, we had $7,364,424 face value of debt, resulting in a debt to total enterprise value ratio of
25.8%. As of December 31, 2023, the ratio of total fixed-rate debt and other instruments to total debt was 73.4% (including
$1,448,566 on which we have interest rate swaps that have been included as fixed-rate debt). As of December 31, 2022, the
ratio of total fixed-rate debt and other instruments to total debt was 64.7% (including $1,837,714 on which we have interest rate
swaps that have been included as fixed-rate debt). The weighted average interest rate of total debt at December 31, 2023 and
2022 was 4.6% and 4.1%, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the weighted average interest rate for all fixed rate debt was
3.9%, and the weighted average interest rate on all variable rate debt was 6.6%. As of December 31, 2022, the weighted average
interest rate for all fixed rate debt was 3.4%, and the weighted average interest rate on all variable rate debt was 5.5%.
In January 2021, we received a Baa2 rating from Moody's Investors Service and in July 2019, we obtained a BBB/Stable
rating from S&P which was upgraded to BBB+/Stable in July 2023 in connection with the Life Storage Merger. We intend to
manage our balance sheet to preserve such ratings. Certain of our real estate assets are pledged as collateral for our debt. We
have a total of 1671 unencumbered stores as defined by our public bonds. Our unencumbered asset value is calculated as
$31,869,102 and our total asset value is calculated as $37,529,884 according to the calculations as defined by our public bonds.
We are subject to certain restrictive covenants relating to our outstanding debt. We were in compliance with all financial
covenants at December 31, 2023.
We expect to fund our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements, including operating expenses, recurring capital
expenditures, dividends to stockholders, distributions to holders of Operating Partnership units and interest on our outstanding
indebtedness, out of our operating cash flow, cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving lines of credit. In addition, we
are pursuing additional sources of financing based on anticipated funding needs.
Our liquidity needs consist primarily of operating expenses, monthly debt service payments, recurring capital
expenditures, distributions to unit holders and dividends to stockholders necessary to maintain our REIT qualification. We may
from time to time seek to repurchase our outstanding debt, shares of common stock or other securities in open market
29
purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market
conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. In addition, we evaluate, on an ongoing basis,
the merits of strategic acquisitions and other relationships, which may require us to raise additional funds. We may also use
Operating Partnership units as currency to fund acquisitions from self-storage owners who desire tax-deferral in their exiting
transactions.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
For more information on our contractual obligations related to real estate acquisitions, refer to our commitments and
contingencies footnote in the notes to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
SEASONALITY
The self-storage business has been subject to seasonal fluctuations. A greater portion of revenues and profits is typically
realized from May through September. Historically, our highest level of occupancy has been at the end of July, while our
lowest level of occupancy has been in late February and early March. Results for any quarter may not be indicative of the
results that may be achieved for the full fiscal year.
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market Risk
Market risk refers to the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. Our future income, cash
flows and fair values of financial instruments are dependent upon prevailing market interest rates.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and
international economic and political considerations and other factors beyond our control.
As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $11,346,105 in total face value debt, of which approximately
$3,023,152 was subject to variable interest rates (excluding debt with interest rate swaps). If benchmark index rates were to
increase or decrease by 100 basis points, the increase or decrease in interest expense on the variable rate debt would increase or
decrease future earnings and cash flows by approximately $30,232 annually.
Interest rate risk amounts were determined by considering the impact of hypothetical interest rates on our financial
instruments. These analyses do not consider the effect of any change in overall economic activity that could occur. Further, in
the event of a change of that magnitude, we may take actions to further mitigate our exposure to the change. However, due to
the uncertainty of the specific actions that would be taken and their possible effects, these analyses assume no changes in our
financial structure.
Derivative Instruments
We use derivative instruments to help manage interest rate risk using designated hedge relationships. Interest rate swaps
involve the exchange of fixed-rate and variable-rate interest payments between two parties based on a contractual underlying
notional amount, but do not involve the exchange of the underlying notional amounts. See our Derivatives footnote in our Notes
to consolidated financial statements in Item 8 for additional information about our use of derivative contracts.
30
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AND SCHEDULES
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 42)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
35
37
38
39
40
43
45
77
All other schedules have been omitted since the required information is not present or not present in amounts sufficient to
require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements or
notes thereto.
31
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Extra Space Storage Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Extra Space Storage Inc. (the Company) as of December 31,
2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows
for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed
in the Index at Item 8 (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated
financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2023 and
2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in
conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
(PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in
Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
(2013 framework), and our report dated February 29, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on
the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are
required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable
rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to
error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial
statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included
examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included
evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that
was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that
are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The
communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken
as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit
matter or on the account or disclosure to which it relates.
32
Purchase price allocation
Description of the
Matter
For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of 771 self-storage
properties (“stores”) for a total purchase price of $13.0 billion. As further discussed in Notes 2 and 5 of
the consolidated financial statements, the transactions were accounted for as asset acquisitions, and the
purchase price was allocated based on a relative fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed,
which consisted principally of land and buildings.
Auditing the accounting for the Company’s 2023 acquisitions of stores was subjective because the
Company, with the assistance of its external valuation specialist if applicable, had to exercise a high level
of management judgment in determining the estimated fair value of acquired land and buildings.
Determining the fair value of acquired land was difficult due to the lack of available directly comparable
land market information. The estimated fair value of the acquired buildings was based upon the estimated
replacement cost, which were calculated by estimating the cost of building similar stores in comparable
markets and adjusting those costs for the age, quality, and building characteristics associated with the
acquired stores. Determining the fair value of the acquired buildings was challenging due to the judgment
utilized by management in determining the significant assumptions utilized in, or the adjustments applied
to, the valuation of each building.
How We
Addressed the
Matter in Our
Audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of controls
over management’s accounting for acquired stores, including controls over the review of significant
assumptions underlying the purchase price allocation and accuracy of the underlying data used. For
example, we tested controls over the determination of the fair value of the land and building assets,
including the controls over the review of the valuation models and the underlying significant assumptions
used to develop such estimates.
For the 2023 store acquisitions described above, our procedures included, but were not limited to, reading
the purchase and sale agreements and other closing documents, evaluating whether the Company had
appropriately determined the transaction was an asset acquisition or business combination and performing
sensitivity analyses. For certain of these store acquisitions, we also evaluated the methods and significant
assumptions used by the Company to determine the fair value of the land and buildings and tested the
completeness and accuracy of the underlying data supporting the significant assumptions and estimates.
Additionally, for certain of these asset acquisitions, we involved our valuation specialists to assist in the
assessment of the methodology utilized by the Company, in addition to performing corroborative analyses
to assess whether the conclusions in the valuation were supported by observable market data. For
example, our valuation specialists used independently identified data sources to evaluate management’s
selected comparable land sales and building replacement cost assumptions.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2005.
Salt Lake City, Utah
February 29, 2024
33
Extra Space Storage Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
Assets:
Real estate assets, net
Real estate assets - operating lease right-of-use assets
Investments in unconsolidated real estate entities
Investments in debt securities and notes receivable
Cash and cash equivalents
Other assets, net
Total assets
Liabilities, Noncontrolling Interests and Equity:
Notes payable, net
Unsecured term loans, net
Unsecured senior notes, net
Revolving lines of credit
Operating lease liabilities
Cash distributions in unconsolidated real estate ventures
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Other liabilities
Total liabilities
Commitments and contingencies
Noncontrolling Interests and Equity:
Extra Space Storage Inc. stockholders' equity:
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2022
$
24,555,873 $
227,241
9,997,978
221,725
1,071,617
904,769
99,062
597,700
582,412
858,049
92,868
414,426
27,456,262 $
12,167,458
1,273,549 $
1,288,555
$
$
2,650,581
6,410,618
682,000
236,515
71,069
334,518
383,463
2,340,116
2,757,791
945,000
229,035
67,352
171,680
289,655
12,042,313
8,089,184
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued
or outstanding
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 211,278,803
and 133,921,020 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022,
respectively
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Accumulated deficit
Total Extra Space Storage Inc. stockholders' equity
Noncontrolling interest represented by Preferred Operating Partnership units, net
Noncontrolling interests in Operating Partnership, net and other noncontrolling
interests
Total noncontrolling interests and equity
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests and equity
—
—
2,113
14,750,388
17,435
(379,015)
14,390,921
222,360
1,339
3,345,332
48,798
(135,872)
3,259,597
261,502
800,668
15,413,949
27,456,262 $
557,175
4,078,274
12,167,458
$
See accompanying notes
34
Extra Space Storage Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(dollars in thousands, except share data)
Revenues:
Property rental
Tenant reinsurance
Management fees and other income
Total revenues
Expenses:
Property operations
Tenant reinsurance
Transaction costs
Life Storage Merger transition costs
General and administrative
Depreciation and amortization
Total expenses
Gain on real estate transactions
Income from operations
Interest expense
Non-cash interest expense related to amortization of discount on
Life Storage unsecured senior notes
Interest income
Income before equity in earnings and dividend income from
unconsolidated real estate entities and income tax expense
Equity in earnings and dividend income from unconsolidated real
estate entities
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate ventures - gain on
sale of real estate assets
Income tax expense
Net income
Net income allocated to Preferred Operating Partnership
noncontrolling interests
Net income allocated to Operating Partnership and other
noncontrolling interests
Net income attributable to common stockholders
Earnings per common share
Basic
Diluted
Weighted average number of shares
Basic
Diluted
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
$
2,222,578 $
235,680
1,654,735 $
185,531
101,986
2,560,244
83,904
1,924,170
612,036
58,874
—
66,732
146,408
506,053
1,390,103
—
1,170,141
(419,035)
(18,786)
84,857
435,342
33,560
1,548
—
129,251
288,316
888,017
14,249
1,050,402
(219,171)
—
69,422
1,340,990
170,108
66,264
1,577,362
368,608
29,488
—
—
102,194
241,879
742,169
140,760
975,953
(166,183)
—
49,703
817,177
900,653
859,473
54,835
41,428
32,358
—
(21,559)
850,453
—
(20,925)
921,156
6,251
(20,324)
877,758
(9,011)
(17,623)
(14,697)
(38,244)
803,198 $
(42,845)
860,688 $
(35,412)
827,649
4.74 $
4.74 $
6.41 $
6.41 $
6.20
6.19
$
$
$
169,216,989
169,220,882
134,050,815
141,681,388
133,374,938
140,016,028
See accompanying notes
35
Extra Space Storage Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(amounts in thousands)
Net income
Other comprehensive income:
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps
Total comprehensive income
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
$
850,453 $
921,156 $
877,758
(32,752)
817,701
45,866
96,249
1,017,405
65,373
59,325
937,083
52,887
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders
$
771,835 $
952,032 $
884,196
See accompanying notes
36
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9
3
Extra Space Storage Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(amounts in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
Amortization of deferred financing costs
Non-cash interest expense related to amortization of discount on Life Storage
unsecured senior notes
Compensation expense related to share-based awards
Accrual of interest income added to principal of debt securities and notes
receivable
Gain on real estate transactions
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate ventures - gain on sale of real
estate assets
Distributions from unconsolidated real estate ventures
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other assets
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Other liabilities
Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of real estate assets and improvements
Life Storage Merger, net of cash acquired
Cash paid for business combination
Development and redevelopment of real estate assets
Proceeds from sale of real estate assets and investments in real estate ventures
Investment in unconsolidated real estate entities
Return of investment in unconsolidated real estate ventures
Issuance and purchase of notes receivable
Proceeds from sale of notes receivable
Principal payments received from notes receivable
Purchase of equipment and fixtures
Net cash used in investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities:
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
$
850,453 $
921,156 $
877,758
506,053
18,949
18,786
26,638
(37,907)
—
—
20,060
(32,507)
35,031
(3,082)
288,316
8,773
—
21,386
(38,412)
(14,249)
—
13,162
695
29,027
8,285
1,402,474
1,238,139
241,879
10,587
—
17,303
(34,550)
(140,760)
(6,251)
7,035
(22,022)
10,951
(9,494)
952,436
(1,291,491)
(1,233,298)
(320,711)
(1,182,411)
—
(100,181)
2,132
(180,279)
—
(330,499)
167,495
142,192
—
(157,302)
(62,019)
39,367
(118,963)
342
(529,245)
210,048
283,636
(15,994)
(1,818,256)
(22,832)
(1,648,459)
—
—
(56,226)
572,728
(54,602)
31,534
(317,482)
172,002
51,463
(3,659)
(837,540)
273,189
5,706,981
Proceeds from the sale of common stock, net of offering costs
—
—
Proceeds from unsecured term loans and senior notes and revolving lines of credit
8,663,003
5,584,111
Principal payments on unsecured term loans and senior notes and revolving lines of
credit
Deferred financing costs
Proceeds from principal payments on note receivable collateralized by OP Units
Net proceeds from exercise of stock options
Repurchase of common stock
Redemption of Preferred OP units for cash
Redemption of Operating Partnership units for cash
Contributions from noncontrolling interests
Distributions to minority investors
Dividends paid on common stock
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of the period
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of the period
(7,088,984)
(4,207,700)
(5,500,290)
(39,418)
(9,321)
(10,698)
—
—
—
(5,377)
(108)
74
(70)
(1,046,341)
(59,649)
423,130
7,348
97,735
—
—
(63,008)
(4,500)
(4,617)
—
—
(805,311)
(57,793)
431,861
21,541
76,194
$
105,083 $
97,735 $
411
4,572
—
—
(788)
—
—
(600,994)
(39,094)
(166,711)
(51,815)
128,009
76,194
40
Cash and equivalents, including restricted cash at the beginning of the period:
Cash and equivalents
Restricted cash included in other assets
Cash and equivalents, including restricted cash at the end of the period:
Cash and equivalents
Restricted cash included in other assets
Supplemental schedule of cash flow information
Interest paid
Income taxes paid
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities:
Redemption of Operating Partnership units held by noncontrolling interests for common
stock
Noncontrolling interests in Operating Partnership
Common stock and paid-in capital
Noncontrolling interests in Operating Partnership Note Receivable Payoff
Redemption of Preferred Operating Partnership units for common stock
Preferred Operating Partnership units
Additional paid-in capital
Issuance of OP and Preferred OP units in conjunction with business combination
Preferred OP units issued
OP units issued
Acquisition and establishment of operating lease right of use assets and lease liabilities
Real estate assets - operating lease right-of-use assets
Operating lease liabilities
Acquisitions of real estate assets
Real estate assets, net
Value of equity issued
Net liabilities assumed
Investment in unconsolidated real estate ventures
Finance lease liability
Life Storage Merger real estate assets
Real estate assets, net
Value of common stock issued
Unsecured senior notes
Value of OP units issued
Net liabilities assumed
Investment in unconsolidated real estate ventures
Accrued construction costs and capital expenditures
Acquisition of real estate assets
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Establishment of finance lease assets and lease liabilities
Real estate assets, net
Other liabilities
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
92,868 $
4,867
97,735 $
99,062 $
6,021
105,083 $
71,126 $
5,068
76,194 $
92,868 $
4,867
97,735 $
109,124
18,885
128,009
71,126
5,068
76,194
338,552 $
22,753 $
197,069 $
18,957 $
152,170
26,252
(116,336) $
16,336
100,000
— $
—
—
(6,373)
6,373
—
(33,604) $
33,604
— $
—
(2,834)
2,834
— $
—
(6,000) $
(16,000)
—
—
265 $
(265)
16,298 $
(16,298)
6,655
(6,655)
— $
171,703 $
—
—
—
—
(165,965)
—
1,085
(6,823)
318,036
(276,393)
(20,028)
5,383
(26,998)
13,575,501 $
(11,353,338)
(2,106,866)
(249,470)
(191,077)
325,250
— $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
10,508 $
(10,508)
368 $
(368)
1,323
(1,323)
— $
—
— $
—
67,992
(67,992)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
See accompanying notes
41
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
1.
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Extra Space Storage Inc. (the “Company”) is a fully integrated, self-administered and self-managed real estate investment
trust (“REIT”), formed as a Maryland corporation on April 30, 2004, to own, operate, manage, acquire, develop and redevelop
professionally managed self-storage properties located throughout the United States. The Company was formed to continue the
business of Extra Space Storage LLC and its subsidiaries, which had engaged in the self-storage business since 1977. The
Company’s interest in its stores is held through its operating partnership, Extra Space Storage LP (the “Operating Partnership”),
which was formed on May 5, 2004. The Company’s primary assets are general partner and limited partner interests in the
Operating Partnership. This structure is commonly referred to as an umbrella partnership REIT, or UPREIT.
The Company invests in stores by acquiring wholly-owned stores or by acquiring an equity interest in real estate entities.
At December 31, 2023, the Company had direct and indirect equity interests in 2,377 storage facilities. In addition, the
Company managed 1,337 stores for third parties bringing the total number of stores which it owns and/or manages to
3,714. These stores are located in 42 states and Washington, D.C. The Company also offers tenant reinsurance at its owned and
managed stores that insures the value of goods in the storage units.
2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements are presented on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with U.S. generally
accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly- or majority-owned
subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Principles of Consolidation
The Company accounts for arrangements that are not controlled through voting or similar rights as variable interest
entities (“VIEs”). An enterprise is required to consolidate a VIE if it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. A VIE is created
when (i) the equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional
subordinated financial support from other parties, or (ii) the entity’s equity holders as a group either: (a) lack the power, through
voting or similar rights, to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance,
(b) are not obligated to absorb expected losses of the entity if they occur, or (c) do not have the right to receive expected
residual returns of the entity if they occur. If an entity is deemed to be a VIE, the enterprise that is deemed to have a variable
interest, or combination of variable interests, that provides the enterprise with a controlling financial interest in the VIE, is
considered the primary beneficiary and must consolidate the VIE.
The Company has concluded that under certain circumstances when the Company enters into arrangements for the
formation of joint ventures or when entering into a new bridge loan agreement, a VIE may be created under condition (i),
(ii), (b) or (c) of the previous paragraph. For each VIE created, the Company has performed a qualitative analysis, including
considering which party, if any, has the power to direct the activities most significant to the economic performance of each VIE
and whether that party has the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be
significant to the VIE. If the Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE, the assets, liabilities and
operations of the VIE are consolidated with the Company’s financial statements.
The Company determined that its operating partnership met the definition of a VIE and is consolidated. Additionally,
as of December 31, 2023 the Company determined in addition to its operating partnership that it had one consolidated joint
venture VIE, consisting of one store.
Substantially all of the assets and liabilities of the Company are related to the operating partnership VIE. The assets and
credit of the VIE can only be used to satisfy the VIE's own contractual obligations, and the VIE's creditors have no recourse to
the general credit of the Company.
The Company’s investments in real estate joint ventures, where the Company has significant influence, but not control,
and joint ventures which are VIEs in which the Company is not the primary beneficiary, are recorded under the equity method
of accounting on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
42
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the
date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results
could differ from those estimates.
Fair Value Disclosures
Derivative financial instruments
Currently, the Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its interest rate risk. The valuation of these instruments is
determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of
each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses
observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves. The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the
market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash payments and the discounted expected variable cash
receipts. The variable cash receipts are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable
market interest rate forward curves.
The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the
respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative
contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit
enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees. In conjunction with the Financial
Accounting Standard Board’s fair value measurement guidance, the Company made an accounting policy election to measure
the credit risk of its derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty
portfolio.
Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of
the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates
of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. However, as of December 31,
2023, the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its
derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of its
derivatives. As a result, the Company has determined that its derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of
the fair value hierarchy.
The table below presents the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of
December 31, 2023, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall.
Description
Other assets - Cash flow hedge swap agreements
Other liabilities - Cash flow hedge swap agreements
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
December 31,
2023
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)
$
$
26,183 $
5,030 $
— $
— $
26,183 $
5,030 $
—
—
There were no transfers of assets and liabilities between Level 1 and Level 2 during the year ended December 31, 2023.
The Company did not have any significant assets or liabilities that are re-measured on a recurring basis using significant
unobservable inputs as of December 31, 2023 or 2022.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Long-lived assets held for use are evaluated for impairment when events or circumstances indicate there may be
impairment. The Company reviews each store at least annually to determine if any such events or circumstances have occurred
or exist. The Company focuses on stores where occupancy and/or rental income have decreased by a significant amount. For
these stores, the Company determines whether the decrease is temporary or permanent, and whether the store will likely recover
the lost occupancy and/or revenue in the short term. In addition, the Company reviews stores in the lease-up stage and compares
actual operating results to original projections.
43
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
When the Company determines that an event that may indicate impairment has occurred, the Company compares the
carrying value of the related long-lived assets to the undiscounted future net operating cash flows attributable to the assets. An
impairment loss is recorded if the net carrying value of the assets exceeds the undiscounted future net operating cash flows
attributable to the assets. The impairment loss recognized equals the excess of net carrying value over the related fair value of
the assets.
When real estate assets are identified by management as held for sale, the Company discontinues depreciating the assets
and estimates the fair value of the assets, net of selling costs. The Company compares the carrying value of the related long-
lived assets to the undiscounted future net operating cash flows attributable to the assets (categorized within Level 3 of the fair
value hierarchy). If the estimated fair value, net of selling costs, of the assets that have been identified as held for sale is less
than the net carrying value of the assets, the Company would recognize a loss on the assets held for sale. The operations of
assets held for sale or sold during the period are presented as part of normal operations for all periods presented.
The Company assesses annually whether there are any indicators that the value of the Company’s investments in
unconsolidated real estate entities may be impaired and when events or circumstances indicate that there may be impairment.
An investment is impaired if management’s estimate of the fair value of the investment is less than its carrying value. To the
extent impairment has occurred, and is considered to be other than temporary, the loss is measured as the excess of the carrying
amount of the investment over the fair value of the investment.
The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment at least annually and whenever events, circumstances, and other related
factors indicate that fair value of the related reporting unit may be less than the carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting
unit is determined to exceed the aggregate carrying amount, no impairment charge is recorded. Otherwise, an impairment
charge is recorded to the extent the carrying amount of the goodwill exceeds the amount that would be allocated to goodwill if
the reporting unit were acquired for estimated fair value. No impairments of goodwill were recorded for any period presented
herein.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a
nonrecurring basis.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, receivables, other financial instruments included in
other assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses, variable-rate notes payable, investments in debt securities and notes
receivable, revolving lines of credit and other liabilities reflected in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2023 and
2022, approximate fair value.
The fair values of the Company’s notes receivable and notes receivable from Preferred and Common Operating
Partnership unit holders were based on the discounted estimated future cash flow of the notes (categorized within Level 3 of the
fair value hierarchy); the discount rate used approximated the current market rate for loans with similar maturities and credit
quality. The fair values of the Company’s fixed rate notes payable were estimated using the discounted estimated future cash
payments to be made on such debt (categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy); the discount rates used
approximated current market rates for loans, or groups of loans, with similar maturities and credit quality.
The fair values of the Company’s fixed-rate assets and liabilities were as follows for the periods indicated:
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2022
Fair
Value
Carrying
Value
Fair
Value
Carrying
Value
Notes receivable from Preferred and Common Operating
Partnership unit holders
Fixed rate notes receivable
Fixed rate debt
$
$
$
1,886 $
1,900 $
95,965 $
101,900
— $
7,482,054 $
— $
8,048,605 $
5,191 $
4,320,014 $
5,241
4,762,196
44
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in
Real Estate Assets
Real estate assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Direct and allowable internal costs associated with the
development, construction, renovation, and improvement of real estate assets are capitalized. Interest, property taxes, and other
costs associated with development incurred during the construction period are capitalized. The construction period begins when
expenditures for the real estate assets have been made and activities that are necessary to prepare the asset for its intended use
are in progress. The construction period ends when the asset is substantially complete and ready for its intended use.
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Major replacements and betterments that
improve or extend the life of the asset are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Depreciation is
computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the buildings and improvements, which are generally
between five and 39 years.
The purchase of stores are considered asset acquisitions. As such, the purchase price is allocated to the real estate assets
acquired based on their relative fair values, which are estimated using significant unobservable inputs. The value of the tangible
assets, consisting of land and buildings, is determined as if vacant. Intangible assets, which represent the value of existing
tenant relationships, are recorded at their relative fair values based on the avoided cost to replace the current leases. The
Company measures the value of tenant relationships based on the rent lost due to the amount of time required to replace
existing customers, which is based on the Company’s historical experience with turnover in its stores. Any debt assumed as part
of the acquisition is recorded at fair value based on current interest rates compared to contractual rates. Acquisition-related
transaction costs are capitalized as part of the purchase price.
Intangible lease rights represent: (1) purchase price amounts allocated to leases on three stores that cannot be classified as
ground or building leases; these rights are amortized to expense over the life of the leases and (2) intangibles related to ground
leases on nine stores where the leases were assumed by the Company at rates that were lower than the current market rates for
similar leases. The values associated with these assumed leases were recorded as intangibles, which will be amortized over the
lease terms.
Real Estate Sales
In general, sales of real estate and related profits/losses are recognized when all consideration has changed hands and
risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred. Certain types of continuing involvement preclude sale treatment and
related profit recognition; other forms of continuing involvement allow for sale recognition but require deferral of profit
recognition.
Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Entities
Investments in unconsolidated real estate entities and Cash distributions in unconsolidated real estate ventures represent
the Company's noncontrolling interest in real estate joint ventures that own stores and the Company's interest in preferred stock
of SmartStop Self Storage REIT, Inc. ("SmartStop") and Strategic Storage Trust VI, Inc. ("Strategic Storage"), an affiliate of
SmartStop. The Company’s investments in real estate joint ventures, where the Company has significant influence, but not
control and joint ventures which are VIEs in which the Company is not the primary beneficiary, are recorded under the equity
method of accounting in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Under the equity method, the Company’s investment in real estate ventures is stated at cost and adjusted for the
Company’s share of net earnings or losses and reduced by distributions. Equity in earnings of real estate ventures is generally
recognized based on the Company’s ownership interest in the earnings of each of the unconsolidated real estate ventures. For
the purposes of presentation in the statement of cash flows, the Company follows the “nature of distribution” approach for
classification of distributions from joint ventures. Under this approach, cash flows are classified on the basis of the nature of the
activity or activities of the investee that generated the distribution as either a return on investment (classified as a cash inflow
from operating activities) or a return of investment (classified as a cash inflow from investing activities).
The Company evaluated its investments in preferred stock of non-public real estate entities and determined it did not
have significant influence over the entity, and the investment in preferred stock does not have a readily determinable fair value,
therefore it has been recorded at the transaction price. The Company periodically evaluates the investment for impairment. No
impairments were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023.
45
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
Investments in Debt Securities and Notes Receivable
The Company accounts for its investment in debt securities and loans receivable at amortized cost. The Company
recognizes interest income related to the debt securities and notes receivable using the effective interest method, with deferred
fees and costs amortized over the lives of the related loans as yield adjustment.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company’s cash is deposited with financial institutions located throughout the United States and at times may exceed
federally insured limits. The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments with a maturity date of three months or less
to be cash equivalents.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of
derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a
hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to
apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an
asset, liability or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges.
Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of
forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing
of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or
liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions
in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its
risk, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting. The Company made
an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting
agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio.
Risk Management and Use of Financial Instruments
In the normal course of its ongoing business operations, the Company encounters economic risk. There are three main
components of economic risk: interest rate risk, credit risk and market risk. The Company is subject to interest rate risk on its
interest-bearing liabilities. Credit risk is the risk of inability or unwillingness of tenants to make contractually required
payments. Market risk is the risk of declines in the value of stores due to changes in rental rates, interest rates or other market
factors affecting the value of stores held by the Company. The Company has entered into interest rate swap agreements to
manage a portion of its interest rate risk.
Redemption of Common Operating Partnership Units
The Company has the option to redeem common Operating Partnership Units in cash or shares of common stock.
Redemption of common Operating Partnership units for shares of common stock, when redeemed under the original provisions
of the Operating Partnership agreement, is accounted for by reclassifying the underlying net book value of the units from
noncontrolling interest to the Company’s equity. Redemption of common Operating Partnership units for cash is accounted for
by reducing the underlying net book value of the units from noncontrolling interest.
Revenue and Expense Recognition
Rental revenues are recognized as earned based upon amounts that are currently due from tenants. Leases are generally
on month-to-month terms. Prepaid rents are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the leases. Promotional
discounts are recognized as a reduction to rental income over the promotional period. Late charges, administrative fees and
merchandise sales are recognized as income when earned.
The Company's management fees are earned subject to the terms of the related management services agreements
("MSAs"). These MSAs provide that the Company will perform management services, which include leasing and operating the
property and providing accounting, marketing, banking, maintenance and other services. These services are provided in
exchange for monthly management fees, which are based on a percentage of revenues collected from stores owned by third
parties and unconsolidated joint ventures. MSAs generally have original terms from three to five years, after which
46
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
management services are provided on a month-to-month basis unless terminated. Management fees are due on the last day of
each calendar month that management services are provided.
The Company accounts for the management services provided to a customer as a single performance obligation which are
rendered over time each month. The total amount of consideration from the contract is variable as it is based on monthly
revenues, which are influenced by multiple factors, some of which are outside the Company's control. Therefore, the Company
recognizes the revenue at the end of each month once the uncertainty is resolved. Due to the standardized terms of the MSAs,
the Company accounts for all MSAs in a similar, consistent manner. Therefore, no disaggregated information relating to MSAs
is presented.
Property expenses, including utilities, property taxes, repairs and maintenance and other costs to manage the facilities are
recognized as incurred. The Company accrues for property tax expense based upon invoice amounts and estimates. If these
estimates are incorrect, the timing of expense recognition could be affected.
Tenant reinsurance premiums are recognized as revenue over the period of insurance coverage. Each tenant chooses the
amount of insurance coverage they want through the tenant reinsurance program. Tenants can purchase policies in amounts up
to 10,000 dollars of insurance coverage in exchange for a monthly fee. As of December 31, 2023, the total number of tenant
insurance policies was 1.0 million, which was an aggregate coverage of approximately $3.0 billion. The Company’s exposure
per claim is limited by the maximum amount of coverage chosen by each tenant.
Advertising Costs
The Company incurs advertising costs primarily attributable to digital and other advertising. These costs are expensed as
incurred. The Company recognized $32,795, $19,285 and $18,793 in advertising expense for the years ended December 31,
2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which are included in property operating expenses on the Company’s consolidated
statements of operations.
Income Taxes
The Company has elected to be treated as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code"). In order to maintain its qualification as a REIT, among other requirements, the
Company is required to distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its stockholders and meet certain tests regarding
the nature of its income and assets. As a REIT, the Company is not subject to U.S. federal income tax with respect to that
portion of its income which meets certain criteria and is distributed annually to stockholders. The Company plans to continue to
operate so that it meets the requirements for taxation as a REIT. Many of these requirements, however, are highly technical and
complex. For any taxable year that the Company fails to qualify as a REIT and for which applicable statutory relief provisions
did not apply, the Company would be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on all of its taxable income for at least that
year and the ensuing four years. The Company is subject to certain state and local taxes. Provision for such taxes has been
included in income tax expense on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. For the year ended December 31,
2023, 0% (unaudited) of all distributions to stockholders qualified as a return of capital.
The Company owns and may acquire direct or indirect interests in entities that have elected or will elect to be taxed as
REITs under the Internal Revenue Code (each, a “Subsidiary REIT ”). A Subsidiary REIT is subject to the various REIT
qualification requirements and other limitations described herein that are applicable to the Company. If a Subsidiary REIT were
to fail to qualify as a REIT, then (i) that Subsidiary REIT would become subject to U.S. federal income tax, (ii) shares in such
Subsidiary REIT would cease to be qualifying assets for purposes of the asset tests applicable to REITs, and (iii) it is possible
that the Company would fail certain of the asset tests applicable to REITs, in which event the Company would fail to qualify as
a REIT unless it could avail itself of certain relief provisions.
The Company has elected to treat certain corporate subsidiaries, including Extra Space Management, Inc. (“ESMI”), as a
taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). In general, a TRS may perform additional services for tenants and may engage in any real
estate or non-real estate related business. A TRS is subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax and may also be subject to state
and local income taxes. ESM Reinsurance Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of ESMI, generates income from insurance
premiums that are subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax and state insurance premiums tax.
47
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets
and liabilities. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no material unrecognized tax benefits. Interest and penalties relating
to uncertain tax positions will be recognized in income tax expense when incurred. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the
Company had no interest or penalties related to uncertain tax provisions.
Stock-Based Compensation
The measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards to employees and
directors are based on estimated fair values. Awards granted are valued at fair value and any compensation expense is
recognized over the service periods of each award.
Earnings Per Common Share
Basic earnings per common share is computed using the two-class method by dividing net income attributable to common
stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. All outstanding unvested
restricted stock awards contain rights to non-forfeitable dividends and participate in undistributed earnings with common
stockholders; accordingly, they are considered participating securities that are included in the two-class method. Diluted
earnings per common share measures the performance of the Company over the reporting period while giving effect to all
potential common shares that were dilutive and outstanding during the period. The denominator includes the weighted average
number of basic shares and the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common
shares that were dilutive had been issued, and is calculated using either the two-class, treasury stock or as if-converted method,
whichever is most dilutive. Potential common shares are securities (such as options, convertible debt, Series A Participating
Redeemable Preferred Units (“Series A Units”), Series B Redeemable Preferred Units (“Series B Units”), and Series D
Redeemable Preferred Units (“Series D Units”) and together with the Series A Units and Series B Units, the (“Preferred OP
Units") and common Operating Partnership units (“OP Units”)) that do not have a current right to participate in earnings of the
Company but could do so in the future by virtue of their option, redemption or conversion right.
For the purposes of computing the diluted impact of the potential exchange of the Preferred OP Units for common shares
upon redemption, where the Company has the option to redeem in cash or shares and where the Company has stated the intent
and ability to settle the redemption in shares, the Company divided the total liquidation value of the Preferred OP Units by the
average share price of $142.16 for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The following table presents the number of weighted OP Units and Preferred OP Units, and the potential common shares,
that were excluded from the computation of earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive:
Common OP Units
Series B Units
Series D Units
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
Equivalent Shares
(if converted)
Equivalent Shares
(if converted)
Equivalent Shares
(if converted)
7,970,487
236,130
1,332,049
9,538,666
—
187,664
1,140,513
1,328,177
—
246,618
726,037
972,655
For the purposes of computing the diluted impact on earnings per share of the potential exchange of Series A Units for
common shares upon redemption, where the Company has the option to redeem in cash or shares and where the Company has
stated the positive intent and ability to settle at least $101,700 of the instrument in cash (or net settle a portion of the Series A
Units against the related outstanding note receivable), only the amount of the instrument in excess of $101,700 is considered in
the calculation of shares contingently issuable for the purposes of computing diluted earnings per share as allowed by ASC
260-10-45-46. Accordingly, the number of shares included in the computation for diluted earnings per share related to the
Series A Units is equal to the number of Series A Units outstanding, with no additional shares included related to the $101,700
fixed amount.
48
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
The computation of earnings per share is as follows for the periods presented:
Net income attributable to common stockholders
Earnings and dividends allocated to participating securities
Earnings for basic computations
Income allocated to noncontrolling interest - Preferred Operating
Partnership Units and Operating Partnership Units
Fixed component of income allocated to noncontrolling interest -
Preferred Operating Partnership (Series A Units)
Net income for diluted computations
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
$
803,198 $
(1,230)
860,688 $
(1,201)
801,968
859,487
827,649
(1,183)
826,466
—
50,706
43,093
—
801,968 $
(2,288)
907,905 $
(2,288)
867,271
$
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Average number of common shares outstanding - basic
169,216,989
134,050,815
133,374,938
OP Units
Series A Units
Shares related to dilutive stock options
—
—
3,893
6,749,995
5,752,902
875,480
5,098
875,480
12,708
Average number of common shares outstanding - diluted
169,220,882
141,681,388
140,016,028
Earnings per common share
Basic
Diluted
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
$
$
4.74 $
4.74 $
6.41 $
6.41 $
6.20
6.19
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of
Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting" (“ASU 2020-04”). ASU 2020-04 provides temporary optional guidance that
provides transition relief for reference rate reform, including optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contract
modifications, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference LIBOR or a reference rate that is expected to be
discontinued as a result of reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. ASU 2020-04 is effective upon issuance, and the
provisions generally can be applied prospectively as of January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2024. The Company elected to
apply the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and the assessments of effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed
cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the
corresponding derivatives. The Company also elected to apply additional expedients related to contract modifications, changes
in critical terms, and updates to the designated hedged risks as qualifying changes are made to applicable debt and derivative
contracts. Application of these expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives and debt contracts consistent with past
presentation. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 (“ASU 2022-06”)
which was issued to defer the sunset date of Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate
Reform to December 31, 2024. ASU 2022-06 is effective immediately for all companies. ASU 2022-06 had no impact on the
Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.
49
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
3.
REAL ESTATE ASSETS
The components of real estate assets are summarized as follows:
Land
Buildings, improvements and other intangibles
Right of use asset - finance lease
Intangible assets - tenant relationships
Intangible lease rights
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
Net operating real estate assets
Real estate under development/redevelopment
Real estate assets, net
December 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
$
4,904,705 $
2,356,746
21,664,224
143,842
321,019
27,743
27,061,533
(2,624,405)
24,437,128
118,745
$ 24,555,873 $
9,425,468
136,259
152,775
12,943
12,084,191
(2,138,524)
9,945,667
52,311
9,997,978
Real estate assets held for sale included in real estate assets, net
$
— $
—
The Company amortizes to expense intangible assets—tenant relationships on a straight-line basis over the average
period that a tenant is expected to utilize the facility (currently estimated at 18 months). The Company amortizes to expense the
intangible lease rights over the terms of the related leases. Amortization related to the tenant relationships and lease rights was
$59,807, $13,981, and $4,778 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The remaining balance of
the unamortized lease rights will be amortized over the next five to 39 years. Accumulated amortization related to intangibles
was 317,511 and 144,144 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
4.
OTHER ASSETS
The components of other assets are summarized as follows:
Goodwill
Receivables, net
Prepaid expenses and deposits
Other intangible assets, net
Trade name
Fair value of interest rate swaps
Equipment and fixtures, net
Deferred line of credit financing costs, net
Restricted cash
December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
$
170,811 $
170,811
134,716
85,153
66,332
50,000
26,183
48,697
9,787
6,021
85,937
50,318
—
—
54,839
42,808
4,846
4,867
$
597,700 $
414,426
Depreciation of equipment and fixtures is computed on a straight-line basis over three to five years. The Company
capitalizes certain costs during the application development stage when developing software for internal use. As of
December 31, 2023 and 2022, unamortized software costs were $18,844 and $23,165. During the year ended December 31,
2023 and 2022, the Company recorded amortization expense of $5,377 and $5,147, respectively, relating to capitalized software
costs.
50
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
5.
PROPERTY ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS
The Life Storage Merger
On July 20, 2023, the Company closed its merger with Life Storage (the "Life Storage Merger" or "Merger"), which
included 757 wholly-owned stores and one consolidated joint venture store. Under the terms of the Life Storage Merger, Life
Storage stockholders and holders of units of the Life Storage operating partnership received 0.895 of a share of common stock
(or OP Unit, as applicable) of the Company for each issued and outstanding share (or operating partnership unit) of Life Storage
they owned for total consideration of $11,602,808, based on the Company's closing share price on July 19, 2023. At closing, the
Company retired $1,160,000 in balances on Life Storage's line of credit which included $375,000 that Life Storage used to pay
off its private placement notes in connection with the closing of the Life Storage Merger. The Company also paid off $32,000
in secured loans. On July 25, 2023, the Company completed obligor exchange offers and consent solicitations (together the
"Exchange Offers") related to Life Storage's various senior notes. Upon the closing of the Exchange Offers, a total of
$2,351,100 of Life Storage's senior notes were exchanged for senior notes of the same tenor of Extra Space Storage L.P. The
remaining Life Storage senior note balances which were not exchanged total $48,900 and no longer have any financial
reporting requirements or covenants.
Consideration and Purchase Price Allocation
The Merger was accounted for as an asset acquisition in accordance with ASC Topic 805 which requires that the cost of
an acquisition be allocated on a relative fair value basis to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. The following table
summarizes the fair value of total consideration transferred in the Life Storage Merger:
Consideration Type
Common stock
OP units
Cash for payoff of Life Storage credit facility and debt
Transaction Costs
Total consideration
July 20, 2023
$
11,353,338
249,470
1,192,000
55,318
$
12,850,127
The following table summarizes the estimated fair values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Real estate assets
Equity investment in joint venture partnerships
Cash and other assets
Intangible assets - other
Trade name
Unsecured senior notes
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
Noncontrolling interests
Fair value of net assets acquired
July 20, 2023
$
14,587,735
325,250
107,423
82,000
50,000
(2,106,866)
(191,077)
(4,338)
$
12,850,127
Fair Value Measurement
The estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed were primarily based on information that was
available as of the closing date of the Life Storage Merger. The methodology used to estimate the fair values to apply purchase
accounting and the ongoing financial statement impact, if any, are summarized below:
•
Real estate assets – Real estate assets acquired were recorded at fair value using standard valuation methodologies,
including the cost and market approaches. The remaining useful lives for real estate assets, excluding land, were reset to
39 years. Tenant relationships for storage leases were recorded at fair value based on estimated costs the Company
51
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
avoided to replace them. Tenant relationships are amortized to expense over 18 months, which is based on the
Company’s historical experience with turnover in its stores.
Equity investment in joint venture partnerships - Equity investment in joint venture partnerships were recorded at fair
value based on a direct capitalization of net operating income.
Intangible assets - other – Customer relationships relating to tenant reinsurance contracts were recorded at fair value
based on the income approach which estimates the potential revenue loss the Company avoided to replace them. These
assets are amortized to expense over 36 months, which is based on the Company’s historical experience with average
length of stay for tenants.
Trade name – Trade names were recorded at fair value based on royalty payments avoided had the trade name been
owned by a third party. This is determined using market royalty rates and a discounted cash flow analysis under the
relief-from-royalty method. This method incorporates various assumptions, including projected revenue growth rates, the
terminal growth rate, the royalty rate to be applied, and the discount rate utilized. The trade name is an indefinite lived
asset and as such is not amortized.
Unsecured senior notes – Unsecured senior notes were recorded at fair value using readily available market data. The
below-market value of debt is recorded as a debt discount and reported as a reduction of the unsecured senior notes
balance on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The discount is amortized using effective interest method as an
increase to interest expense over the remaining terms of the unsecured senior notes.
Other assets and liabilities – the carrying values of cash, accounts receivable, prepaids and other assets, accounts
payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities represented the fair values.
•
•
•
•
•
Intangible Assets:
Trade name
Intangible assets - other
December 31, 2023
Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization
Three Months Ended
December 31, 2023
For the Year Ended
December 31, 2023
Amortization
Expense
Amortization
Expense
$
50,000 $
82,000
132,000
— $
15,695
15,695
— $
9,417
9,417
—
15,695
15,695
Intangible Assets:
Trade name
Intangible assets - other
Estimated Aggregate Amortization Expense
2024
2025
2026
$
$
— $
— $
23,375
19,833
23,375 $
19,833 $
—
11,569
11,569
Store Acquisition
The following table shows the Company’s acquisitions of stores for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The
table excludes purchases of raw land and improvements made to existing assets.
Consideration Paid
Total
Period
Total 2023
Total 2022
Number
of Stores
14
Total
Cash Paid
$ 147,729 $ 135,577 $ 12,000 $
Loan
Assumed
Finance
Lease
Liability
Investments
in Real
Estate
Ventures
Net
Liabilities
/ (Assets)
Assumed
Value of
Equity
Issued
— $
— $
152 $
— $
Real estate
assets
147,729
153
$ 1,366,348 $ 1,193,261 $ — $
6,823 $
1,085 $
(786) $ 165,965 $ 1,366,348
On September 15, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of multiple entities doing business as Storage
Express for a purchase price of $590.0 million. A portion of the consideration paid was in the form of the issuance of
619,294 OP units (a total value of $125.0 million) and the remainder in cash. The portfolio included 106 operating stores
and eight parcels of land for future development, all located in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio. This acquisition did not
meet the definition of a business under ASU 2017-01, "Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a
Business" and was therefore recorded as an asset acquisition.
52
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
Other Investments
On June 1, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Bargold Storage Systems, LLC ("Bargold") for a purchase
price of approximately $179.3 million. Bargold leases space in apartment buildings, primarily in New York City and its
boroughs, builds out the space as storage units, and subleases the units to tenants. As of June 1, 2022, Bargold had
approximately 17,000 storage units with an approximate occupancy of 97%. This acquisition is considered a business
combination under ASU 2017-01, "Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business."
The following table summarizes the total consideration transferred to acquire Bargold:
Total cash paid by the company
Fair value of Series D Units issued
Fair value of OP Units issued
Total consideration transferred
$
157,302
16,000
6,000
$
179,302
As part of this acquisition, we recorded an expense of $1,465 related to transaction costs.
The following table summarizes the preliminary estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the
acquisition date:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
Fixed assets
Developed technology
Trademarks
Customer relationships
Other assets
Accounts payables and accrued liabilities assumed
Nets asset acquired
Goodwill
Total assets acquired
175
6,411
500
500
1,870
125
(1,090)
8,491
170,811
$
179,302
The following table summarizes the revenues and earnings related to Bargold since the acquisition date of June 1, 2022,
which are included in the Company's consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022:
Total revenues
Net income from operations
$
$
9,374
1,718
Pro Forma Information
As noted above, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company acquired Bargold. The following pro forma
financial information is based on the combined historical financial statements of the Company and Bargold, however, only
includes revenue and presents the Company's results as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2021. Net income was
excluded as it was impracticable to report expenses due to the lack of historical accrual basis accounting.
For the Year Ended
December 31, 2022
For the Year Ended
December 31, 2021
Pro Forma
Pro Forma
Total revenues
$
1,930,816 $
1,592,021
53
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
Store Dispositions
The Company disposed of one store on May 18, 2022 and one on June 21, 2022, for a total cash consideration of
approximately $38.7 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $14.2 million. Both had been classified as held for sale.
On December 16, 2021 the Company sold 16 stores that had been classified as held for sale for total cash consideration of
$200,292. The Company recorded a gain of $73,854.
On March 1, 2021 the Company sold 16 stores that had been classified as held for sale to a newly established
unconsolidated joint venture. The Company received $132,759 and maintained a 55% interest in the new joint venture valued at
$33,878. The Company recognized a gain of $63,477 related to the sale of these properties.
6.
INVESTMENTS IN UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE ENTITIES
Investments in unconsolidated real estate entities and Cash distributions in unconsolidated real estate ventures represent
the Company's interest in preferred stock of SmartStop and Strategic Storage, an affiliate of SmartStop, and the Company's
noncontrolling interest in real estate joint ventures that own stores. The Company accounts for its investments in SmartStop and
Strategic Storage preferred stock, which do not have a readily determinable fair value, at the transaction price less impairment,
if any. The Company accounts for its investments in joint ventures using the equity method of accounting. The Company
initially records these investments at cost and subsequently adjusts for cash contributions, distributions and net equity in income
or loss, which is allocated in accordance with the provisions of the applicable partnership or joint venture agreement.
In these joint ventures, the Company and the joint venture partner generally receive a preferred return on their invested
capital. To the extent that cash or profits in excess of these preferred returns are generated through operations or capital
transactions, the Company would receive a higher percentage of the excess cash or profits, as applicable, than its equity interest.
The Company separately reports investments with net equity less than zero in Cash distributions in unconsolidated real
estate ventures in the consolidated balance sheets. The net equity of certain joint ventures is less than zero because distributions
have exceeded the Company's investment in and share of income from these joint ventures. This is generally the result of
financing distributions, capital events or operating distributions that are usually greater than net income, as net income includes
non-cash charges for depreciation and amortization while distributions do not.
54
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
Net Investments in unconsolidated real estate entities and Cash distributions in unconsolidated real estate ventures consist
of the following:
Number of
Stores
Equity
Ownership % Excess Profit % (1)
PRISA Self Storage LLC
HF1 Sovran HHF Storage Holdings LLC
Storage Portfolio II JV LLC
Storage Portfolio IV JV LLC
Storage Portfolio I LLC
PR II EXR JV LLC
HF2 Sovran HHF Storage Holdings II LLC
HF5 Life Storage-HIERS Storage LLC
HF6 191 V Life Storage Holdings LLC
ESS-CA TIVS JV LP
VRS Self Storage, LLC
HF10 Life Storage HHF Wasatch Holdings LLC
Other unconsolidated real estate ventures
SmartStop Self Storage REIT, Inc. Preferred Stock (2)
Strategic Storage Trust VI, Inc. Preferred Stock (3)
Net Investments in and Cash distributions in
unconsolidated real estate entities
85
37
36
32
24
23
22
17
17
16
16
16
131
n/a
n/a
472
4%
20%
10%
10%
34%
25%
15%
20%
20%
55%
45%
20%
4%
20%
30%
30%
49%
25%
15%
20%
20%
55%-65%
54%
20%
10%-50%
10%-50%
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
December 31,
2023
2022
$
9,435 $
8,596
105,339
(8,314)
48,184
—
(7,200)
49,139
(42,487)
(41,372)
108,160
110,172
41,613
26,051
12,702
29,128
—
—
—
30,778
(16,386)
(15,399)
20,019
317,104
200,000
150,000
—
180,346
200,000
—
$ 1,000,548 $ 515,060
(1)
(2)
(3)
Includes pro-rata equity ownership share and promoted interest.
In October 2019, the Company invested $200,000 in shares of convertible preferred stock of SmartStop with a dividend
rate of 6.25% per annum, subject to increase after five years. The preferred shares are generally not redeemable for five
years, except in the case of a change of control or initial listing of SmartStop. Dividend income from this investment is
included on the equity in earnings and dividend income from unconsolidated real estate entities line on the Company's
condensed consolidated statements of operations.
In May 2023, the Company invested $150,000 in shares of convertible preferred stock of Strategic Storage with a
dividend rate of 8.35% per annum, subject to increase after five years. The preferred shares are generally not
redeemable for three years, except in the case of a change of control or initial listing of Strategic Storage. Dividend
income from this investment is included on the equity in earnings and dividend income from unconsolidated real estate
entities line on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.
In June 2021, the Company sold its interest in two unconsolidated joint ventures to its joint venture partner. The
Company received proceeds of $1,888 in cash, and recorded a gain of $525 which is included in Equity in earnings of
unconsolidated real estate ventures - gain on sale of real estate assets and purchase of joint venture partner's interest in the
Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company also purchased its joint venture partners' interests
in two unconsolidated joint ventures.
Also in June 2021, the WICNN JV LLC and GFN JV, LLC joint ventures sold all 17 of the stores owned by the joint
ventures to a third party. Subsequent to the sales, these joint ventures were dissolved. As a result of these transactions, the
Company recorded a gain of $5,739, which is included in Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate ventures - gain on
sale of real estate assets and purchase of joint venture partner's interest in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
In accordance with ASC 810, the Company reviews all of its joint venture relationships annually to ensure that there are
no entities that require consolidation. As of December 31, 2023, there were no previously unconsolidated entities that were
required to be consolidated as a result of this review.
55
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
The Company entered into 17 new unconsolidated real estate joint ventures (including 16 from the Life Storage Merger),
which added a total of 146 stores and a total investment of $305,921 to the Company's portfolio during the year ended
December 31, 2023. Additionally, the Company's existing joint ventures added nine stores for a total investment of $27,583
during the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company accounts for its investment in these ventures under the equity method
of accounting.
Equity in earnings and dividend income from unconsolidated real estate entities consists of the following:
Equity in earnings of PRISA Self Storage LLC
Equity in earnings of HF1 Sovran HHF Storage Holdings LLC (1)
Equity in earnings of Storage Portfolio II JV LLC
Equity in earnings of Storage Portfolio IV JV LLC
Equity in earnings of Storage Portfolio I LLC
Equity in earnings of PR II EXR JV LLC
Equity in earnings of HF2 Sovran HHF Storage Holdings II LLC (1)
Equity in earnings of HF5 Life Storage-HIERS Storage LLC (1)
Equity in earnings of HF6 191 V Life Storage Holdings LLC (1)
Equity in earnings of ESS-CA TIVS JV LP
Equity in earnings of VRS Self Storage, LLC
Equity in earnings of HF10 Life Storage HHF Wasatch Holdings LLC (1)
Equity in earnings of other minority owned stores (1)
Dividend income from SmartStop preferred stock
Dividend income from Strategic Storage preferred stock
For the Year Ended December 31,
2022
2021
2023
$
$
3,320 $
1,553
3,094
1,319
5,182
2,227
691
377
(735)
3,873
5,253
40
7,740
12,500
8,401
54,835 $
3,272 $
—
3,398
917
4,684
1,229
—
—
—
2,753
5,401
—
7,265
12,509
—
41,428 $
2,719
—
1,802
112
2,833
(8)
—
—
—
1,274
4,352
—
6,774
12,500
—
32,358
(1)
The earnings of the 16 joint ventures from the Life Storage Merger are from the close of acquisition on July 20, 2023.
Equity in earnings of certain of our joint ventures includes the amortization of the Company’s excess purchase price of
$60,253 of these equity investments over its original basis. The excess basis is amortized over 39 years.
The Company provides management services to joint ventures for a fee. Management fee revenues for affiliated real
estate joint ventures for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $31,755, $24,389 and $17,619, respectively.
7.
INVESTMENTS IN DEBT SECURITIES AND NOTES RECEIVABLE
Investments in debt securities and notes receivable consists of the Company's investment in mandatorily redeemable
preferred stock of Jernigan Capital, Inc. ("JCAP") in connection with JCAP's acquisition by affiliates of NexPoint Advisors,
L.P. ("NexPoint") and receivables due to the Company under its bridge loan program. Information about these balances is as
follows:
Debt securities - Preferred Stock
Notes Receivable - Bridge Loans
Dividends and Interest Receivable
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2022
$
$
300,000
$
594,727
10,042
904,769
$
300,000
491,879
66,170
858,049
In November 2020, the Company invested $300,000 in the preferred stock of JCAP in connection with the acquisition of
JCAP by affiliates of NexPoint. This investment consisted of 200,000 Series A Preferred Shares valued at a total of $200,000,
and 100,000 Series B Preferred Shares valued at a total of $100,000. In December 2022, the Company completed a
modification with Nexpoint Storage Partners (as successor in interest to JCAP) that exchanged the Series A and B Preferred
Shares for 300,000 Series D Preferred Shares, valued at a total of $300,000. The JCAP Series D preferred stock is mandatorily
56
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
redeemable after six years from the modification in December 2022, with two one-year extension options. NexPoint may
redeem the Preferred Shares at any time, subject to certain prepayment penalties. The Company accounts for the JCAP
preferred stock as a held to maturity debt security at amortized cost and evaluates whether the fair value is below the amortized
cost basis at each reporting period. The Series D Preferred Shares have initial dividend rates of 8.5%. If the investment is not
retired after six years, the preferred dividends increase annually.
In July 2020, the Company purchased a senior mezzanine note receivable with a principal amount of $103,000. The note
receivable bore interest at 5.5%, with a maturity in December 2023 and was collateralized through an equity interest in which it
or its subsidiaries wholly own 62 storage facilities. The Company paid cash of $101,142 for the note receivable and accounted
for the discount at amortized cost. The discount was being amortized over the term of the note receivable. In February 2022, a
junior mezzanine lender exercised its right to buy the Company’s position for the full principal balance plus interest due, as a
result of which the Company sold this note for a total of $103,315 in cash. The remaining unamortized discount was recognized
in that quarter as interest income.
The Company provides bridge loan financing to third-party self-storage operators. These notes receivable consist of
mortgage loans receivable, which are collateralized by self-storage properties, and unsecured mezzanine loans receivable. As
of December 31, 2023, 70% of the notes held are mortgage receivables. The Company intends to sell a portion of the mortgage
receivables. These notes receivable typically have a term of three years with two one-year extensions, and have variable interest
rates. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold a total principal amount of $167,495 of its mortgage
bridge loans receivable to third parties for a total of $167,495 in cash, closed on $283,039 in initial loan draws, and recorded
$27,366 of draws from interest holdbacks.
The bridge loans typically have a loan to value ratio between 70% and 80%. None of the debt securities or notes
receivable are in past-due or nonaccrual status and the allowance for potential credit losses is immaterial.
8.
DEBT
The components of term debt are summarized as follows:
Term Debt
December 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
Fixed Rate
Secured fixed-rate (1)
$
401,319 $
521,820
2.67% - 4.62%
Variable Rate (2) Maturity Dates
April 2025 -
February 2030
Secured variable-rate (1)
877,786
772,604
6.35% - 6.88%
Unsecured fixed-rate
7,921,633
4,240,376
2.08% - 5.90%
Unsecured variable-rate
Total
Less: Discount on unsecured senior
notes (3)
Less: Unamortized debt issuance costs
1,463,367
884,624
10,664,105
6,419,424
(274,350)
(55,007)
—
(32,962)
Total
$ 10,334,748 $
6,386,462
6.30% - 6.63%
November 2024 -
September 2030
January 2025 -
March 2032
June 2024 - July
2029
(1) The loans are collateralized by mortgages on real estate assets and the assignment of rents.
(2) Basis rates include Term SOFR and Daily Simple SOFR
(3) Unsecured senior notes from the Life Storage Merger were recorded at fair value, resulting in a discount to be amortized
over the term of the debt.
57
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
The following table summarizes the scheduled maturities of term debt, excluding available extensions, at December 31, 2023:
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
Total
648,250
1,123,120
1,409,581
1,316,907
1,029,000
1,542,759
1,344,488
1,650,000
600,000
$ 10,664,105
On June 22, 2023, the Company entered into the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit
Agreement") which increased the commitment of the revolving credit facility to $1,940,000, and later to $2,000,000 with an
Increasing Lender Supplement entered into in August 2023, and extended its maturity to June 2027. In connection with entering
into the Credit Agreement, the Company paid off Tranche 5 and added the Tranche 8 term loan, maturing June 2024, which
allowed the Company to draw up to $1,000,000 in connection with the Life Storage Merger. Tranche 8 was fully drawn on July
20, 2023, in connection with the closing of the Life Storage Merger, paid down to $400,000 in December 2023, and fully paid
off in January 2024.
Pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, the Company may request an extension of the term of the revolving credit
facility for up to two additional periods of six months each, after satisfying certain conditions.
As of December 31, 2023, amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility bore interest at floating rates, at the
Company’s option, equal to either (i) Adjusted Term or Daily Simple SOFR plus the applicable margin or (ii) the applicable
base rate which is the applicable margin plus the highest of (a) 0.0%, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (c) U.S. Bank’s
prime rate or (d) the SOFR rate plus 1.00%. Per the Credit Agreement, the applicable SOFR rate margin and applicable base
rate margin are based on the Company’s achieved debt rating, with the SOFR rate margin ranging from 0.7% to 2.2% per
annum and the applicable base rate margin ranging from 0.00% to 1.20% per annum.
The Credit Agreement is guaranteed by the Company and is not secured by any assets of the Company. The Company's
unsecured debt is subject to certain financial covenants. As of December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all of
its financial covenants.
All of the Company’s lines of credit are guaranteed by the Company. The following table presents information on the
Company’s lines of credit, the proceeds of which are used to repay debt and for general corporate purposes, for the periods
indicated:
Revolving Lines of Credit
Credit Line 1 (2)
Credit Line 2 (3)(4)
As of December 31, 2023
Amount
Drawn
Capacity
$
$
40,000 $
140,000
642,000
2,000,000
682,000 $ 2,140,000
Interest
Rate
6.7%
6.3%
Maturity
7/1/2026
6/22/2027 ASOFR plus 0.775%
Basis Rate (1)
SOFR plus 1.35%
(1) Daily Simple SOFR
(2) Secured by mortgages on certain real estate assets. On January 13, 2023 the maturity date was extended to July 1, 2026
with one extension of one year available.
(3) Unsecured. On June 22, 2023, the maturity date was extended to June 22, 2027 with two six-month extensions available.
On August 11, 2023, the capacity was increased by $60 million.
(4) Basis Rate as of December 31, 2023. Rate is subject to change based on the Company's investment grade rating.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s percentage of fixed-rate debt to total debt was 73.4%. The weighted average
interest rates of the Company’s fixed and variable-rate debt were 3.9% and 6.6%, respectively. The combined weighted average
interest rate was 4.6%.
58
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
9.
DERIVATIVES
The Company is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company
principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business
activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the
amount, sources and duration of its debt funding and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company
enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or
payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s
derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing and duration of the Company’s known or
expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s borrowings.
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its
exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its
interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable
amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without
exchange of the underlying notional amount.
The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is
recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that
the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. A portion of these changes is excluded from accumulated other
comprehensive income as it is allocated to noncontrolling interests. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021,
such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing variable-rate debt. During 2024, the
Company estimates that $19,010 will be reclassified as a decrease to interest expense.
The following table summarizes the terms of the Company’s 15 active and four forward-starting derivative financial
instruments, which have a total combined current notional amount of $1,448,566 as of December 31, 2023:
Hedge Product
Swap Agreements
Range of Notional
Amounts
Strike
Effective Dates
Maturity Dates
$32,000 - $245,000
0.96% - 4.33%
6/27/2018 - 7/14/2025
1/29/2024 - 2/1/2028
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on
the consolidated balance sheets:
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Other assets
Other liabilities
Effect of Derivative Instruments
Asset / Liability Derivatives
December 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
$
$
26,183 $
54,839
5,030 $
73
The tables below present the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of
operations for the periods presented. No tax effect has been presented as the derivative instruments are held by the Company:
Gain (loss) recognized in OCI for the
Year Ended December 31,
Type
2023
2022
Location of
amounts
reclassified from
OCI into income
Gain (loss) reclassified from OCI for the Year Ended
December 31,
2023
2022
2021
Swap Agreements
$
8,730 $
88,372
Interest expense
$
41,541 $
(7,877) $
(35,764)
59
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features
The Company has agreements with some of its derivative counterparties that contain provisions pursuant to which, the
Company could be declared in default of its derivative obligations if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including
default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender.
The Company also has an agreement with some of its derivative counterparties that incorporates the loan covenant
provisions of the Company’s indebtedness with a lender affiliate of the derivative counterparty. Failure to comply with the loan
covenant provisions would result in the Company being in default on any derivative instrument obligations covered by the
agreement.
As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but
excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements was $5,082. As of December 31, 2023, the
Company had not posted any collateral related to these agreements. If the Company had breached any of these provisions as of
December 31, 2023, it could have been required to cash settle its obligations under these agreements at their termination value
of $5,082.
10.
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
The Company’s charter provides that it can issue up to 500,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share
and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. As of December 31, 2023, 211,278,803 shares of common
stock were issued and outstanding, and no shares of preferred stock were issued or outstanding.
All holders of the Company's common stock are entitled to receive dividends and to one vote on all matters submitted to a
vote of stockholders. The transfer agent and registrar for the Company’s common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust
Company.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold no shares of common stock.
On July 20, 2023, the Company issued 76,217,359 shares of its common stock for a total value of $11,353,338. This was
based on an exchange ratio of 0.895 per share conversion of Life Storage common stock at the Company's closing share price
on July 19, 2023 of $148.96 as part of the Life Storage Merger.
On January 7, 2022, the Company issued 186,766 shares of its common stock to acquire two stores for $40,965.
On August 9, 2021, the Company filed its $800,000 "at the market" equity program with the Securities and Exchange
Commission using a shelf registration statement on Form S-3, and entered into separate equity distribution agreements with ten
sales agents. No shares have been sold under the current "at the market" equity program. From January 1, 2021, through
August 8, 2021, the Company sold 585,685 shares of common stock under its prior "at the market" equity program at an
average sales price of $115.90 per share resulting in net proceeds of 66,617.
On March 23, 2021, the Company sold 1,600,000 shares of its common stock in a registered offering structured as a
bought deal at a price of $129.13 per share resulting in net proceeds of 206,572.
On November 13, 2023, the Company's board of directors authorized a share repurchase program allowing for the
repurchase of shares with an aggregate value up to $500,000. During the year ended December 31, 2023, no shares were
repurchased. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had remaining authorization to repurchase shares with an aggregate value
up to $500,000.
60
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
11.
UNITS
NONCONTROLLING INTEREST REPRESENTED BY PREFERRED OPERATING PARTNERSHIP
Classification of Noncontrolling Interests
GAAP requires a company to present ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the company in the
consolidated financial statements within the equity section, but separate from the company’s equity. It also requires the amount
of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest to be clearly identified and presented on
the face of the consolidated statement of operations and requires changes in ownership interest to be accounted for similarly as
equity transactions. If noncontrolling interests are determined to be redeemable, they are to be carried at their redemption value
as of the balance sheet date and reported as temporary equity.
The Company has evaluated the terms of the Operating Partnership’s preferred units and classifies the noncontrolling
interest represented by such preferred units as stockholders’ equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The
Company will periodically evaluate individual noncontrolling interests for the ability to continue to recognize the
noncontrolling amount as permanent equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Any noncontrolling interests that fail to qualify
as permanent equity will be reclassified as temporary equity and adjusted to the greater of (1) the carrying amount, or (2) its
redemption value as of the end of the period in which the determination is made.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the noncontrolling interests represented by the Preferred OP Units qualified for
classification as permanent equity on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The partnership agreement of the Operating
Partnership (as amended, the "Partnership Agreement") provides for the designation and issuance of the OP Units. As of
December 31, 2023 and 2022, noncontrolling interests in Preferred OP Units were presented net of notes receivable from
Preferred Operating Partnership unit holders of $100,000 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as more fully
described below. The balances for each of the specific preferred OP units as presented in the Statement of Noncontrolling
Interests and Equity as of the periods indicated is as follows:
Series A Units
Series B Units
Series D Units
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2022
$
$
—
$
33,567
188,793
222,360
$
16,498
33,568
211,436
261,502
Series A Participating Redeemable Preferred Units
The Partnership Agreement provides for the designation and issuance of the Series A Units. The Series A Units have
priority over all other partnership interests of the Operating Partnership with respect to distributions and liquidation.
The Series A Units were issued in June 2007. Series A Units in the amount of $101,700 bear a fixed priority return of
2.3%, and originally had a fixed liquidation value of $115,000. The remaining balance participates in distributions with, and has
a liquidation value equal to, that of the common OP Units. The Series A Units are redeemable at the option of the holder, which
redemption obligation may be satisfied, at the Company’s option, in cash or shares of its common stock. As a result of the
redemption of 114,500 Series A Units in October 2014, the remaining fixed liquidation value was reduced to $101,700 which
represents 875,480 Series A Units.
On June 25, 2007, the Operating Partnership loaned the holders of the Series A Units $100,000. The note receivable bears
interest at 2.1%. The loan is secured by the borrower’s Series A Units. No future redemption of Series A Units can be made
unless the loan secured by the Series A Units is also repaid. The Series A Units are shown on the balance sheet net of the
$100,000 loan because the borrower under the loan is also the holder of the Series A Units.
On January 25, 2023, the redemption obligation for all outstanding Series A Units was satisfied in $5,000 cash and
851,698 shares of its common stock, which was net of the noncash settlement of the $100,000 loan. As a
result of this redemption, no Series A Units were outstanding as of December 31, 2023.
61
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
Series B Redeemable Preferred Units
The Partnership Agreement provides for the designation and issuance of the Series B Units. The Series B Units rank
junior to the Series A Units, on parity with the Series C Units (defined below) and Series D Units, and senior to all other
partnership interests of the Operating Partnership with respect to distributions and liquidation.
The Series B Units were issued in 2013 and 2014, have been redeemed at various times, and have a liquidation value of
$25.00 per unit for a current fixed liquidation value of $33,567 which represents 1,342,727 Series B Units outstanding at
December 31, 2023. Holders of the Series B Units receive distributions at an annual rate of 6.0%. These distributions are
cumulative. The Series B Units became redeemable at the option of the holder on the first anniversary of the date of issuance,
which redemption obligations may be satisfied at the Company’s option in cash or shares of its common stock.
Series C Convertible Redeemable Preferred Units
The Partnership Agreement provides for the designation and issuance of the Series C Units. The Series C Units ranked
junior to the Series A Units, on parity with the Series B Units and Series D Units, and senior to all other partnership interests of
the Operating Partnership with respect to distributions and liquidation. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there
were no outstanding Series C Units.
Series D Redeemable Preferred Units
The Partnership Agreement provides for the designation and issuance of the Series D Units. The Series D Units rank
junior to the Series A Units, on parity with the Series B Units and Series C Units, and senior to all other partnership interest of
the Operating Partnership with respect to distributions and liquidation.
The Series D Units have a liquidation value of $25.00 per unit, for a current fixed liquidation value of $188,793 which
represents 7,551,735 Series D Units outstanding at December 31, 2023. Holders of the Series D Units receive distributions at an
annual rate between 3.0% and 5.0%. These distributions are cumulative. The Series D Units become redeemable at the option of
the holder on the first anniversary of the date of issuance, which redemption obligation may be satisfied at the Company’s
option in cash or shares of its common stock. In addition, certain of the Series D Units are exchangeable for common OP Units
until the tenth anniversary of the date of issuance, with the number of common OP Units to be issued equal to $25.00 per Series
D Unit, divided by the value of a share of common stock as of the exchange date.
In January 2023, 890,594 Series D units were redeemed for 154,307 shares of common stock. In November 2023, 15,093
Series D units were redeemed for cash of $377.
The Series D Units have been issued at various times from 2014 to 2022. On June 1, 2022, the Operating Partnership
issued a total of 240,000 Series D Units valued at $6,000 in connection with the acquisition of Bargold.
62
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
12.
NONCONTROLLING INTEREST IN OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AND OTHER NONCONTROLLING
INTERESTS
Noncontrolling interest in Operating Partnership
The Company’s interest in its stores is held through the Operating Partnership. Between its general partner and limited
partner interests, the Company held a 95.2% majority ownership interest in the Operating Partnership as of December 31, 2023.
The remaining ownership interests in the Operating Partnership (including Preferred OP Units) of 4.8% are held by certain
former owners of assets acquired by the Operating Partnership. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the noncontrolling interests
in the Operating Partnership are shown on the balance sheet net of notes receivable of $1,900 and $1,900, respectively, because
the borrowers under the loan receivable are also holders of OP Units (Note 12). This loan receivable bears interest at 5.0% per
annum and matures on December 15, 2024.
The noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership represents OP Units that are not owned by the Company. OP
Units are redeemable at the option of the holder, which redemption may be satisfied at the Company's option in cash based
upon the fair market value of an equivalent number of shares of the Company’s common stock (based on the ten-day average
trading price) at the time of the redemption, or shares of the Company's common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to anti-
dilution adjustments provided in the Operating Partnership agreement. As of December 31, 2023, the ten-day average closing
stock price was $156.68 and there were 8,885,594 OP Units outstanding. Assuming that all of the OP Unit holders exercised
their right to redeem all of their OP Units on December 31, 2023 and the Company elected to pay the OP Unit holders cash, the
Company would have paid $1,392,195 in cash consideration to redeem the units.
OP Unit activity is summarized as follows for the periods presented:
OP Units redeemed for common stock
OP Units redeemed for cash
Cash paid for OP Units redeemed
OP Units issued in conjunction with business combination and
acquisitions
Value of OP Units issued in conjunction with business combination
and acquisitions
$
$
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
2,803
1,000
—
24,824
108 $
4,617 $
165,652
4,500
788
1,674,748
711,037
897,803
249,470 $
141,000 $
188,319
GAAP requires a company to present ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the company in the
consolidated financial statements within the equity section but separate from the company’s equity. It also requires the amount
of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest to be clearly identified and presented on
the face of the consolidated statement of operations and requires changes in ownership interest to be accounted for similarly as
equity transactions. If noncontrolling interests are determined to be redeemable, they are to be carried at their redemption value
as of the balance sheet date and reported as temporary equity.
The Company has evaluated the terms of the common OP Units and classifies the noncontrolling interest represented by
the common OP Units as stockholders’ equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company will periodically
evaluate individual noncontrolling interests for the ability to continue to recognize the noncontrolling amount as permanent
equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Any noncontrolling interests that fail to qualify as permanent equity will be
reclassified as temporary equity and adjusted to the greater of (1) the carrying amount, or (2) its redemption value as of the end
of the period in which the determination is made.
Other Noncontrolling Interests
Other noncontrolling interests represent the ownership interest of partners in nine consolidated joint ventures as of
December 31, 2023. These joint ventures have ownership in 12 stores; two are operating and the remaining are under
development. The voting interests of the partners are 31% or less.
63
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
13.
LEASES
Lessee Accounting
The Company accounts for leases under ASC 842, "Leases." Right-of-use assets associated with operating leases are
included in “Real estate assets - operating lease right-of-use assets” and operating lease liabilities are included in “Operating
lease liabilities” on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Right-of-use assets associated with finance leases are included
in "Real estate assets, net" and finance lease liabilities are included in "Other liabilities" on the Company's consolidated balance
sheets.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded no new finance lease right-of-use assets and finance
lease liabilities.
The Company is lessee under several types of lease agreements. Generally, these leases fall into the following categories:
•
•
•
•
Leases of real estate at 65 stores classified as wholly-owned or in consolidated joint ventures. These leases generally
have original lease terms between 10-99 years. Under these leases, the Company typically has the option to extend the
lease term for additional terms of 5-35 years.
Leases of its corporate offices and call center. These leases have original lease terms between five and 14 years, with
no extension options. In 2021 the Company modified and extended the lease of its corporate offices to add additional
space and extend the lease until 2034.
Leases of 18 regional offices. These leases have original lease terms between three and five years. The Company has
the option on certain of these leases to extend the lease term for up to three additional years.
Leases of small district offices. These leases generally have terms of 12 months or less. The Company has made an
election to account for these under the short-term lease exception outlined under ASC 842. Therefore, no lease assets
or liabilities are recorded related to these leases.
The Company has included lease extension options in the lease term for calculations of its right-of-use assets and
liabilities related to the real estate asset leases at its stores when it is reasonably certain that the Company plans to extend the
lease terms as the options arise.
Several of the leases of real estate at the Company’s stores include escalation clauses based on an index or rate, such as
the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The Company included these lease payments in its calculations of right-of-use assets and
liabilities based on the prevailing index or rate as of the adoption date. The Company will recognize changes to these variable
lease payments in earnings in the period of change.
One of the real estate leases includes variable lease payments that are based upon a percentage of gross revenues. Certain
other leases include additional variable payments relating to a percentage of sales in excess of a specified amount, common area
maintenance, property taxes, and similar items. These payments are variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or
rate and are excluded from the measurement of the lease liabilities and right-of-use-assets for these leases. The Company will
recognize costs from these variable lease payments in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred.
As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the
information available surrounding the Company’s unsecured borrowing rates and implied secured spread at the lease
commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. These discount rates vary depending on the term of
the specific leases.
64
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
Following is information on our total lease costs as of the period indicated:
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of finance lease right-of-use assets
Interest expense related to finance lease liabilities
Operating lease cost
Variable lease cost
Short-term lease cost
Total lease cost
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash outflows for finance lease payments
Operating cash outflows for operating lease payments
Total cash flows for lease liability measurement
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities
Weighted average remaining lease term - finance leases (years)
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases (years)
Weighted average discount rate - finance leases
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
3,961
4,483
35,783
11,632
24
55,883
4,483
29,234
33,717
265
—
54.00
18.68
3.31 %
3.91 %
3,751
4,018
32,182
11,287
32
51,270
4,018
25,384
29,402
16,298
6,823
54.16
20.03
3.31 %
3.65 %
The following table presents information about the Company’s undiscounted cash flows on an annual basis for operating
and finance leases, including a reconciliation of the undiscounted cash flows to the finance lease and operating lease liabilities
recognized in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets:
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter
Total
Present value adjustments
Lease liabilities
Operating
Finance
Total
$
34,983
$
6,542
$
34,919
35,245
35,635
36,194
131,194
308,170
(71,655)
236,515
$
$
6,572
6,715
6,842
6,953
353,983
387,607
(244,004)
143,603
$
$
$
$
41,525
41,491
41,960
42,477
43,147
485,177
695,777
(315,659)
380,118
65
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
Lessor Accounting
The Company's property rental revenue is primarily related to rents received from tenants at its operating stores. The
Company's leases with its self-storage tenants are generally on month-to-month terms, include automatic monthly renewals,
allow flexibility to increase rental rates over time as market conditions permit, and provide for the collection of contingent fees
such as late fees. These leases do not include any terms or conditions that allow the tenants to purchase the leased space. All
self-storage leases for which the Company acts as lessor have been classified as operating leases. The real estate assets related
to the Company's stores are included in "Real estate assets, net" on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets and
are presented at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Rental income related to these operating
leases is included in "Property rental" revenue on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations, and is
recognized each month during the month-to-month terms at the rental rate in place during each month.
14.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
As of December 31, 2023, 477,624 shares were available for issuance under the Company’s 2015 Incentive Award Plan
(the “Plan”).
Options are exercisable once vested. Options are exercisable at such times and subject to such terms as determined by the
Compensation Committee, but under no circumstances may be exercised if such exercise would cause a violation of the
ownership limit in the Company’s charter. Options expire 10 years from the date of grant.
As defined under the terms of the Plan, restricted stock grants may be awarded. The stock grants are subject to a vesting
period over which the restrictions are released and the stock certificates are given to the grantee. During the vesting period, the
grantee is not permitted to sell, transfer, pledge, encumber or assign shares of restricted stock granted under the Plan; however,
the grantee has the ability to vote the shares and receive nonforfeitable dividends paid on shares. Unless otherwise determined
by the Compensation Committee at the time of grant, the forfeiture and transfer restrictions on the shares lapse over a one-year
period or a four-year period beginning on the date of grant. For actions taken prior to July 2020, references to the
Compensation Committee refer to its predecessor, the CNG Committee; the Board split the CNG Committee into two
committees, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Governance Committee, effective July 1, 2020.
Option Grants
A summary of stock option activity is as follows:
Options
Outstanding at December 31, 2020
Exercised
Outstanding at December 31, 2021
Exercised
Outstanding at December 31, 2022
Exercised
Outstanding at December 31, 2023
Vested
Ending Exercisable
Number of
Shares
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
Aggregate Intrinsic
Value as of
December 31, 2022
71,594 $
(62,322)
9,272 $
—
9,272
—
9,272 $
9,272 $
9,272 $
74.54
73.36
82.47
—
82.47
—
82.47
82.47
82.47
1.98
1.98
1.98
$1,338
$1,338
$1,338
The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total value (the difference between the Company’s closing
stock price on the last trading day of 2023 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would
have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on December 31, 2023. The amount of
66
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
aggregate intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock. The total intrinsic value of
options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $0, $0 and $3,925, respectively.
There have been no options granted since 2016. The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant
using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes model incorporates assumptions to value stock-based
awards. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant for the estimated life of the
option. The Company uses actual historical data to calculate the expected price volatility, dividend yield and average expected
term. The forfeiture rate, which is estimated at a weighted-average of 4.6% of unvested options outstanding as of December 31,
2023, is adjusted periodically based on the extent to which actual forfeitures differ, or are expected to differ, from the previous
estimates.
A summary of stock options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2023, is as follows:
Exercise Price
$65.36 - $65.36
$85.99 - $85.99
Shares
1,582
7,690
Options Outstanding
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
Options Exercisable
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
Shares
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
1.15 $
2.15
65.36
85.99
1,582 $
7,690
65.36
85.99
The Company recorded no compensation expense relating to outstanding options in general and administrative expense
for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Net proceeds received for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022
and 2021, related to option exercises was $0, $0 and $4,572, respectively. At December 31, 2023, there was no unrecognized
compensation expense related to non-vested stock options under the Plan.
Common Stock Granted to Employees and Directors
The Company recorded $14,205, $12,086 and $9,260 of expense in general and administrative expense in its statement of
operations related to restricted stock awards granted to employees and directors for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022
and 2021, respectively. The forfeiture rate, which is estimated at a weighted-average of 10.0% of unvested awards outstanding
as of December 31, 2023, is adjusted periodically based on the extent to which actual forfeitures differ, or are expected to differ,
from the previous estimates. At December 31, 2023 there was $20,222 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to
non-vested restricted stock awards under the Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of
2.09 years. The fair value of common stock awards is determined based on the closing trading price of the Company’s common
stock on the grant date.
67
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
A summary of the Company’s employee and director share grant activity is as follows:
Restricted Stock Grants
Unreleased at December 31, 2020
Granted
Released
Cancelled
Unreleased at December 31, 2021
Granted
Released
Cancelled
Unreleased at December 31, 2022
Granted
Released
Cancelled
Unreleased at December 31, 2023
Performance-based Stock Units
Weighted-
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
Shares
209,032 $
99,802
(96,248)
(12,808)
199,778 $
105,677
(86,781)
(10,614)
208,060 $
98,263
(90,662)
(10,084)
205,577 $
95.86
132.75
91.65
113.89
115.16
201.12
112.31
147.03
158.38
158.04
147.21
165.36
162.81
The performance-based stock units (the "PSUs") granted to executives represent the right to earn shares of the Company's
common stock. These awards have two financial performance components: (1) the Company's core FFO performance ("FFO
Target"), and (2) the Company's total stockholder return relative to the performance of a defined group of peers ("TSR Target").
Each of these performance components are weighted 50% and are measured over the performance period, which is defined as
the three-year period ending December 31 from the year of grant. At the end of the performance period, the financial
performance components are reviewed to determine the number of shares actually granted to executives, which can be as low as
zero shares and up to a maximum of two shares issued for each PSU. A summary of the PSU activity is as follows:
Performance-Based Stock Units
Unvested at December 31, 2020
Granted
Released
Unvested at December 31, 2021
Granted
Released
Unvested at December 31, 2022
Granted
Released
Unvested at December 31, 2023
Units
Weighted-Average
Grant-Date Fair Value
123,311
$
40,832
(28,735) $
$
135,408
61,085
(49,334) $
$
147,159
86,795
(45,242) $
$
188,712
104.25
138.04
117.19
111.69
223.96
194.21
130.63
207.28
162.18
158.32
68
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
The Company recorded $12,433, $9,299 and $8,043 of expense in general and administrative expense in its statement of
operations related to PSUs granted to employees for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The
Company estimated the fair value of the PSUs as of the grant date, using the closing trading price of the Company's common
stock on the grant date to value the FFO Target portion. A Monte Carlo simulation model was used to calculate the fair value
of the TSR Target portion of the PSUs, using the following assumptions:
Intrinsic value
Risk-free rate
Volatility
Expected term (in years)
Dividend yield
Unrecognized compensation cost
Term over which compensation cost recognized (in years)
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
$30,256
4.6%
29.3%
2.8
—%
$18,798
3
2022
$21,659
1.8%
29.3%
2.9
—%
$13,241
3
2021
$30,701
0.22%
28.5%
2.9
—%
$8,859
3
Under the terms of the PSUs, dividends for the entire measurement period are paid in cash when the shares are released,
so a dividend yield of zero was used. The valuation model applied in this calculation utilizes subjective assumptions that could
potentially change over time, including the probabilities associated with achieving the FFO Targets (categorized within Level 3
of the fair value hierarchy). Therefore, the amount of unrecognized compensation expense at December 31, 2023 noted above
does not necessarily represent the expense that will ultimately be realized by the Company in the statement of operations.
15.
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN
The Company has a retirement savings plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code under which eligible
employees can contribute up to 60% of their annual salary, subject to a statutory prescribed annual limit. For the years ended
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company made matching contributions to the plan of $6,576, $5,169, and $4,239
respectively, based on 100% of the first 3% and up to 50% of the next 2% of an employee’s compensation.
16.
INCOME TAXES
As a REIT, the Company is generally not subject to U.S. federal income tax with respect to that portion of its income
which is distributed annually to its stockholders. However, the Company has elected to treat certain of its corporate
subsidiaries, including Extra Space Management, Inc., as a TRS. In general, a TRS may perform additional services for tenants
and generally may engage in any real estate or non-real estate related business. A TRS is subject to U.S. federal corporate
income tax and may be subject to state and local income taxes. The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the
provisions of ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between
financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The Company has elected to use the Tax-Law-Ordering approach to
determine when excess tax benefits will be realized.
On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed into law the Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”). The provisions include the
new Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax (“CAMT”), an excise tax on stock buybacks, and significant tax incentives for energy
and climate initiatives, and all of these provisions were effective for tax year 2023. The Company has evaluated the impact of
these provisions and does not expect the enactment of these provisions to have a material impact on the Company's
consolidated financial statements.
69
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
The income tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, is comprised of the following
components:
Current expense
Tax credits/true-up
Change in deferred expense/(benefit)
Total tax expense
Current expense
Tax credits/true-up
Change in deferred expense
Total tax expense
Current expense
Tax credits/true-up
Change in deferred benefit
Total tax expense
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Federal
State
Total
$
26,516 $
6,035 $
32,551
(7,742)
(4,151)
—
901
(7,742)
(3,250)
$
14,623 $
6,936 $
21,559
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Federal
State
Total
$
20,592 $
(6,071)
1,909
4,546 $
31
(82)
$
16,430 $
4,495 $
25,138
(6,040)
1,827
20,925
For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
Federal
State
Total
$
21,017 $
3,520 $
(4,979)
818
(138)
86
24,537
(5,117)
904
$
16,856 $
3,468 $
20,324
A reconciliation of the statutory income tax provisions to the effective income tax provisions for the periods indicated is
as follows:
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
Expected tax at statutory rate
$ 183,111
21.0 % $ 197,887
21.0 % $ 188,600
Non-taxable REIT income
State and local tax expense - net of federal benefit
(161,316)
8,779
(18.5) % (172,966)
4,160
1.0 %
(18.4) % (166,137)
3,259
0.4 %
Change in valuation allowance
(1,148)
(0.1) %
(1,093)
(0.1) %
(1,061)
Tax credits/true-up
Miscellaneous
Total provision
(7,742)
(125)
21,559
$
(0.9) %
(6,040)
— %
(1,023)
2.5 % $ 20,925
(0.6) %
(5,117)
(0.1) %
780
2.2 % $ 20,324
21.0 %
(18.5) %
0.4 %
(0.1) %
(0.6) %
0.1 %
2.3 %
70
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
The major sources of temporary differences stated at their deferred tax effects are as follows:
Deferred tax liabilities:
Fixed assets
Operating and Finance lease right-of-use assets
Other
State deferred taxes
Captive insurance subsidiary
Total deferred tax liabilities
Deferred tax assets:
Captive insurance subsidiary
Accrued liabilities
Stock compensation
Operating and Finance lease liabilities
Other
State deferred taxes
Total deferred tax assets
Valuation allowance
December 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
$
(36,572) $
(32,551)
(6,831)
(37)
(4,564)
(10,760)
(58,764)
509
3,015
3,961
9,013
502
2,581
19,581
(6,610)
(48)
(3,607)
—
(42,816)
335
2,541
3,467
8,418
48
5,232
20,041
—
(1,148)
Net deferred income tax liabilities
$
(39,183) $
(23,923)
The state income tax net operating losses expire between 2024 and 2043. The valuation allowance associated with the
state income tax net operating losses was released in 2023. The tax years 2019 through 2022 remain open related to the state
returns, and 2020 through 2022 for the federal returns.
17.
SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company’s segment disclosures present the measure used by the chief operating decision makers ("CODMs") for
purposes of assessing each segment’s performance. The Company’s CODMs are comprised of several members of its executive
management team who use net operating income ("NOI") to assess the performance of the business for the Company’s
reportable operating segments. The Company’s segments are comprised of two reportable segments: (1) self-storage operations
and (2) tenant reinsurance. NOI for self-storage operations represents total property revenue less direct property operating
expenses. NOI for tenant reinsurance represents tenant reinsurance revenues less tenant reinsurance expense.
The self-storage operations activities include rental operations of wholly-owned stores and Bargold. The Company's
consolidated revenues equal total segment revenues plus property management fees and other income. Tenant reinsurance
activities include the reinsurance of risks relating to the loss of goods stored by tenants in the stores operated by the Company.
Excluded from segment revenues and net operating income is property management fees and other income.
71
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
For all periods presented, substantially all real estate assets, intangible assets, other assets, and accrued and other liabilities
are associated with the self-storage operations segment. Financial information for the Company’s business segments is set forth
below:
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
$ 2,222,578 $ 1,654,735 $ 1,340,990
235,680
185,531
170,108
$ 2,458,258 $ 1,840,266 $ 1,511,098
$
612,036 $
435,342 $
368,608
58,874
33,560
29,488
$
670,910 $
468,902 $
398,096
$ 1,610,542 $ 1,219,393 $
972,382
176,806
151,971
140,620
$ 1,787,348 $ 1,371,364 $ 1,113,002
$ 1,787,348 $ 1,371,364 $ 1,113,002
101,986
—
(66,732)
83,904
(1,548)
—
66,264
—
—
(146,408)
(129,251)
(102,194)
(506,053)
(288,316)
(241,879)
—
14,249
140,760
(419,035)
(219,171)
(166,183)
(18,786)
84,857
54,835
—
69,422
41,428
—
49,703
32,358
—
—
6,251
(21,559)
(20,925)
(20,324)
$
850,453 $
921,156 $
877,758
Revenues:
Self-Storage Operations
Tenant Reinsurance
Total segment revenues
Operating expenses:
Self-Storage Operations
Tenant Reinsurance
Total segment operating expenses
Net operating income:
Self-Storage Operations
Tenant Reinsurance
Total segment net operating income:
Total segment net operating income
Other components of net income:
Property management fees and other income
Transaction costs
Life Storage Merger transition costs
General and administrative expense
Depreciation and amortization expense
Gain on real estate transactions
Interest expense
Non-cash interest expense related to amortization of discount on equity component of
exchangeable senior notes
Interest income
Equity in earnings and dividend income from unconsolidated real estate entities
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate ventures - gain on sale of real estate
assets
Income tax expense
Net income
72
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Amounts in thousands, except store and share data, unless otherwise stated
18.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
As of December 31, 2023, the Company was under agreement to acquire 8 stores at a total purchase price of $73,811.
Eight stores are scheduled to close in 2024 and none are scheduled to close in 2025. Additionally, the Company is under
agreement to acquire two stores in 2024 with joint venture partners, for a total investment of $2,764.
The Company is involved in various legal proceedings and is subject to various claims and complaints arising in the
ordinary course of business. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, the outcome of these matters cannot presently be
determined with any degree of certainty. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, management establishes an
accrued liability for litigation when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable. In
such cases, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. The estimated loss, if any, is based upon
currently available information and is subject to significant judgment, a variety of assumptions, and known and unknown
uncertainties. The Company could in the future incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims that could have a material
adverse effect on its results of operations in any particular period, notwithstanding the fact that the Company is currently
vigorously defending any legal proceedings against it. As of December 31, 2023, the Company was involved in various legal
proceedings and was subject to various claims and complaints arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of
management, such litigation, claims and complaints are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s
financial condition or results of operations.
Although there can be no assurance, the Company is not aware of any material environmental liability, for which it
believes it will be ultimately responsible, that could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of
operations. However, changes in applicable environmental laws and regulations, the uses and conditions of properties in the
vicinity of the Company’s properties, the activities of its tenants and other environmental conditions of which the Company is
unaware with respect to its properties could result in future material environmental liabilities.
73
.
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(
5
7
Extra Space Storage Inc. Schedule III (continued)
Activity in real estate facilities during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:
2023
2022
2021
Operating facilities
Balance at beginning of year
Acquisitions
Improvements
Transfers from construction in progress
Dispositions and other
Balance at end of year
Accumulated depreciation:
Balance at beginning of year
Depreciation expense
Dispositions and other
Balance at end of year
Real estate under development/redevelopment:
Balance at beginning of year
Current development
Transfers to operating facilities
Dispositions and other
Balance at end of year
Net non-lease real estate assets
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
12,084,025 $
14,715,285
175,932
87,485
(1,194)
27,061,533 $
2,138,395 $
486,010
—
2,624,405 $
52,348 $
153,920
(87,523)
—
118,745 $
24,555,873 $
10,643,722 $
1,390,463
95,282
70,565
(116,007)
12,084,025 $
1,868,321 $
276,155
(6,081)
2,138,395 $
59,248 $
63,597
(70,565)
68
52,348 $
9,997,978 $
9,507,788
1,500,703
80,131
62,462
(507,362)
10,643,722
1,681,429
230,445
(43,553)
1,868,321
67,443
54,267
(62,462)
—
59,248
8,834,649
(1) No right-of-use assets related to operating leases are included in the ending net real estate assets information above.
As of December 31, 2023, the aggregate cost of real estate for U.S. federal income tax purposes was $17,961,173.
76
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
(i) Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file
pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), are recorded, processed, summarized and
reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and
communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow
timely decisions regarding required disclosure based on the definition of “disclosure controls and procedures” in Rule 13a-15(e)
of the Exchange Act. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any
controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving the
desired control objectives, and in reaching a reasonable level of assurance, management necessarily was required to apply its
judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
We have a disclosure committee that is responsible for considering the materiality of information and determining the
disclosure obligations of the Company on a timely basis. The disclosure committee meets quarterly and reports directly to our
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and
procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer
and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance
level as of the end of the period covered by this report.
(ii) Internal Control over Financial Reporting
1. Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as
defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including
our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control
over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Based on our evaluation, our management
concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023. Because of its inherent
limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or
that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Our independent registered public accounting
firm, Ernst & Young LLP, has issued the following attestation report over our internal control over financial reporting.
77
(b) Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Extra Space Storage Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Extra Space Storage Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on
criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Extra Space Storage Inc. (the Company)
maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on the
COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United
States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated
statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 8 and our report
dated February 29, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its
assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report
on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over
financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be
independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was
maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a
material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed
risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides
a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures
that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and
dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and
expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the
company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or
disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Salt Lake City, Utah
February 29, 2024
78
(c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-
15(f)) that occurred during our most recent quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our
internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B.
Other Information
On December 18, 2023, Joseph D. Margolis, our Chief Executive Officer and Director, terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading
arrangement intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) and originally adopted on February 24, 2023, for the
sale of up to 20,000 shares of our common stock until January 3, 2024.
Item 9C.
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
None.
79
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
PART III
Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the captions “Executive
Officers,” and “Information About the Board of Directors and its Committees” in our definitive Proxy Statement to be filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after December 31, 2023.
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics in compliance with rules of the SEC that applies to all of our
personnel, including our board of directors, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and principal accounting officer.
The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available free of charge on the “Investor Relations—Corporate Governance”
section of our web site at www.extraspace.com. We intend to satisfy any disclosure requirements under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K
regarding amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of this Code of Business Conduct and Ethics by posting such information
on our web site at the address and location specified above.
The board of directors has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines and charters for our Audit Committee and
Compensation, Nominating and Governance Committee, each of which is posted on our website at the address and location
specified above. Investors may obtain a free copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, the Corporate Governance
Guidelines and the committee charters by contacting the Investor Relations Department at 2795 East Cottonwood Parkway,
Suite 300, Salt Lake City, Utah 84121, Attn: Jeff Norman or by telephoning (801) 365-4600.
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
Information with respect to executive compensation is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the
caption “Executive Compensation” in our definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after December 31, 2023.
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Information with respect to security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and related stockholder
matters is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the captions “Executive Compensation” and “Security
Ownership of Directors and Officers” in our definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after December 31, 2023.
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Information with respect to certain relationships and related transactions is incorporated by reference to the information
set forth under the captions “Information about the Board of Directors and its Committees” and “Review and Approval of
Related Party Transactions” in our Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to
Regulation 14A within 120 days after December 31, 2023.
Item 14.
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Information with respect to principal accounting fees and services is incorporated by reference to the information set forth
under the caption “Ratification of the Engagement of Ernst & Young LLP as the Company’s Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm for 2023” in our Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to
Regulation 14A within 120 days after December 31, 2023.
80
PART IV
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Documents filed as part of this report:
(1) and (2). All Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules filed as part of this Annual Report on 10-K
are included in Item 8—“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on 10-K and reference is made
thereto.
Exhibit
Number
2.1
2.2
(3) The following documents are filed or incorporated by references as exhibits to this report:
Exhibit Description
Incorporated by Reference
Filed
Herewith
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 2, 2023, by
and among Extra Space Storage Inc., Extra Space Storage LP,
Eros Merger Sub, LLC, Eros OP Merger Sub, LLC, Life
Storage, Inc. and Life Storage LP
Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May
18, 2023, by and among Extra Space Storage Inc., Extra
Space Storage LP, Eros Merger Sub, LLC, Eros OP Merger
Sub, LLC, Life Storage, Inc. and Life Storage LP
Form
8-K
Date
April 3, 2023
Number
2.1
8-K
July 20, 2023
2.2
3.1
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Extra Space
S-11
August 10, 2004
Storage Inc.
3.2
Articles of Amendment of Extra Space Storage Inc., dated
8-K
October 3, 2007
September 28, 2007.
3.3
Articles of Amendment of Extra Space Storage Inc., dated
8-K
August 29, 2013
August 29, 2013.
3.4
Articles of Amendment of Extra Space Storage Inc., dated May
8-K
May 28, 2014
21, 2014.
3.5
Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Extra Space
8-K
January 17, 2018
Storage Inc.
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.6
Fourth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited
8-K
December 6, 2013
10.1
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
Partnership of Extra Space Storage LP.
Junior Subordinated Note
Description of Securities
10-K February 26, 2010
10-K February 25, 2020
Indenture, dated as of May 11, 2021, among Extra Space
8-K
May 11, 2021
4.3
4.6
4.1
Storage LP, as issuer, Extra Space Storage Inc., ESS Holdings
Business Trust I and ESS Holdings Business Trust II, as
guarantors, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as
trustee.
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 11, 2021, among
Extra Space Storage LP, as issuer, Extra Space Storage Inc.,
ESS Holdings Business Trust I and ESS Holdings Business
Trust II, as guarantors, and Wells Fargo Bank, National
Association, as trustee, including the form of the Notes and
the Guarantee.
8-K
May 11, 2021
4.2
4.5
Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 22,
8-K
2021, among Extra Space Storage LP, as issuer, Extra Space
Storage Inc., ESS Holdings Business Trust I and ESS
Holdings Business Trust II, as guarantors, and Wells Fargo
Bank, National Association, as trustee, including the form of
the Notes and the Guarantee.
September 22,
2021
4.2
4.6
Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 31, 2022,
among Extra Space Storage LP, as issuer, Extra Space
Storage Inc., ESS Holdings Business Trust I and ESS
Holdings Business Trust II, as guarantors, and Computershare
Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, including the form of the
Notes and the Guarantee.
8-K
March 31, 2022
4.2
81
Exhibit
Number
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
Exhibit Description
Incorporated by Reference
Filed
Herewith
Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 28, 2023,
among Extra Space Storage LP, as issuer, Extra Space
Storage Inc., ESS Holdings Business Trust I and ESS
Holdings Business Trust II, as guarantors, and Computershare
Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, including the form of the
Notes and the Guarantee.
Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 16, 2023, among
Extra Space Storage LP, as issuer, Extra Space Storage Inc.,
ESS Holdings Business Trust I and ESS Holdings Business
Trust II, as guarantors, and Computershare Trust Company,
N.A., as trustee, including the form of the Notes and the
Guarantee.
Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 25, 2023, among
Extra Space Storage LP, as issuer, Extra Space Storage Inc.,
ESS Holdings Business Trust I and ESS Holdings Business
Trust II, as guarantors, and Computershare Trust Company,
N.A., as trustee, including the form of the Notes and the
Guarantee.
Seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 25, 2023,
among Extra Space Storage LP, as issuer, Extra Space
Storage Inc., ESS Holdings Business Trust I and ESS
Holdings Business Trust II, as guarantors, and Computershare
Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, including the form of the
Notes and the Guarantee.
Eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 25, 2023,
among Extra Space Storage LP, as issuer, Extra Space
Storage Inc., ESS Holdings Business Trust I and ESS
Holdings Business Trust II, as guarantors, and Computershare
Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, including the form of the
Notes and the Guarantee.
Form
8-K
Date
March 28, 2023
Number
4.2
8-K
June 16, 2023
4.2
8-K
July 25, 2023
4.4
8-K
July 25, 2023
4.5
8-K
July 25, 2023
4.6
4.12 Ninth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 25, 2023, among
8-K
July 25, 2023
4.7
4.13
4.14
4.15
Extra Space Storage LP, as issuer, Extra Space Storage Inc.,
ESS Holdings Business Trust I and ESS Holdings Business
Trust II, as guarantors, and Computershare Trust Company,
N.A., as trustee, including the form of the Notes and the
Guarantee.
Tenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 25, 2023, among
Extra Space Storage LP, as issuer, Extra Space Storage Inc.,
ESS Holdings Business Trust I and ESS Holdings Business
Trust II, as guarantors, and Computershare Trust Company,
N.A., as trustee, including the form of the Notes and the
Guarantee.
Eleventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 1,
2023, among Extra Space Storage LP, as issuer, Extra Space
Storage Inc., ESS Holdings Business Trust I and ESS
Holdings Business Trust II, as guarantors, and Computershare
Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, including the form of the
Notes and the Guarantee.
Twelfth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 19, 2024,
among Extra Space Storage LP, as issuer, Extra Space
Storage Inc., ESS Holdings Business Trust I and ESS
Holdings Business Trust II, as guarantors, and Computershare
Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, including the form of the
Notes and the Guarantee.
8-K
July 25, 2023
4.8
8-K
December 1, 2023
4.2
8-K
January 19, 2024
4.2
4.16
Base Indenture, dated as of June 20, 2016, among Life Storage,
8-K
July 25, 2023
4.1
Inc., Life Storage LP and Wells Fargo Bank, National
Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the
Current Report on Form 10-K filed by Life Storage Inc. on
February 24, 2023).
82
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit Description
Incorporated by Reference
Filed
Herewith
4.17
Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 25, 2023, among
Life Storage LP, as issuer, Life Storage LLC, as parent
guarantor, and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as
trustee.
Form
8-K
Date
July 25, 2023
Number
4.2
10.1
Joint Venture Agreement, dated June 1, 2004, by and between
S-11/A
July 26, 2004
10.14
10.2
10.3
Extra Space Storage LLC and Prudential Financial, Inc.
Registration Rights Agreement, dated June 20, 2005, among
Extra Space Storage Inc. and the investors named therein.
Promissory Note, dated June 25, 2007, among Extra Space
Storage LP, H. James Knuppe and Barbara Knuppe.
10.4
Pledge Agreement, dated June 25, 2007, among Extra Space
Storage LP, H. James Knuppe and Barbara Knuppe.
10.5 Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 13,
2012, between Extra Space Properties Sixty Three LLC and
PRISA III Co-Investment LLC.
10.6
Letter Agreement, dated as of November 22, 2013, amending
the Contribution Agreement, dated June 15, 2007, among
Extra Space Storage LP and various limited partnerships
affiliated with AAAAA Rent-A-Space, and the Promissory
Note, dated June 25, 2007, among Extra Space Storage LP, H.
James Knuppe and Barbara Knuppe.
8-K
8-K
8-K
June 24, 2005
June 26, 2007
June 26, 2007
8-K
April 16, 2012
10.2
10.2
10.3
10.1
10-Q
May 8, 2014
10.1
10.7
Letter Agreement, dated April 18, 2017, amending the
10-Q
May 5, 2017
10.1
Promissory Note and Waiving a Portion of the Series A
Preferred Priority Return, among Extra Space Storage LP,
ESS Holdings Business Trust I, H. James Knuppe and
Barbara Knuppe.
10.8* Extra Space Storage Inc. Executive Change in Control Plan.
8-K
August 31, 2010
10.1
10.9*
2015 Incentive Award Plan
DEFA
14A
April 14, 2015
Definitive
Proxy
Statement
10.10* Form of 2015 Incentive Award Plan Performance Stock Award
10-K February 26, 2020
10.13
Agreement
10.11* 2004 Long-Term Compensation Incentive Plan as amended and
restated effective March 25, 2008
10.12* Form of 2004 Long Term Incentive Compensation Plan Option
Award Agreement for Employees with employment
agreements.
DEFA
14A
April 14, 2008
Definitive
Proxy
Statement
10-K February 26, 2010
10.11
10.13* 2004 Long Term Incentive Compensation Plan Restricted Stock
10-Q November 7, 2007
10.2
Award Agreement.
10.14* Policy for the Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation
10.15 Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of
June 22, 2023, by and among Extra Space Storage Inc., Extra
Space Storage LP, U.S. Bank National Association, as
administrative agent, certain other financial institutions acting
as syndication agents, documentation agents and lead
arrangers and book runners, and certain lenders party thereto.
21.1
22.1
23.1
31.1
Subsidiaries of the Company
Issuer and Guarantors of Guaranteed Securities
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
83
8-K
June 27, 2023
10.1
X
X
X
X
X
X
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit Description
Incorporated by Reference
Filed
Herewith
Form
Date
Number
32.1
Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
101
The following financial information from Registrant’s Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31,
2023, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language
(XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31,
2023 and 2022; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations
for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021;
(iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for
the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021;
(iv) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the
years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021;
(v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years
ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021; and (vi) Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and
contained in Exhibit 101).
*
Management compensatory plan or arrangement
Item 16.
Form 10-K Summary
None.
X
X
X
84
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: February 29, 2024
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
By:
/s/ JOSEPH D. MARGOLIS
Joseph D. Margolis
Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following
persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Date: February 29, 2024
Date: February 29, 2024
Date: February 29, 2024
Date: February 29, 2024
Date: February 29, 2024
Date: February 29, 2024
Date: February 29, 2024
Date: February 29, 2024
Date: February 29, 2024
Date: February 29, 2024
Date: February 29, 2024
Date: February 29, 2024
/s/ JOSEPH D. MARGOLIS
Joseph D. Margolis
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ P. SCOTT STUBBS
P. Scott Stubbs
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ GRACE KUNDE
Grace Kunde
Senior Vice President, Accounting and Finance
(Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/ KENNETH M. WOOLLEY
Kenneth M. Woolley
Chairman of the Board
/s/ MARK BARBERIO
Mark Barberio
Director
/s/ JENNIFER BLOUIN
Jennifer Blouin
Director
/s/ JOSEPH J. BONNER
Joseph J. Bonner
Director
/s/ GARY CRITTENDEN
Gary Crittenden
Director
/s/ SUSAN HARNETT
Susan Harnett
Director
/s/ SPENCER F. KIRK
Spencer F. Kirk
Director
/s/ DIANE OLMSTEAD
Diane Olmstead
Director
/s/ ROGER B. PORTER
Roger B. Porter
Director
By:
By:
By:
By:
By:
By:
By:
By:
By:
By:
By:
By:
85
Date: February 29, 2024
Date: February 29, 2024
Date: February 29, 2024
By:
By:
By:
/s/ JULIA VANDER PLOEG
Julia Vander Ploeg
Director
/s/ JOSEPH V. SAFFIRE
Joseph V. Saffire
Director
/s/ JEFFERSON S. SHREVE
Jefferson S. Shreve
Director
86
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CORPORATE INFORMATION
Corporate Headquarters
2795 East Cottonwood Parkway, Suite 300
Salt Lake City, Utah 84121
Tel (801) 365-4600
Transfer Agent
Equiniti Group
New York City, New York
Independent Auditors
Ernst & Young LLP
Salt Lake City, Utah
Legal Counsel
Latham & Watkins LLP
San Diego, California
Annual Meeting of Stockholders
The Company’s annual meeting of
stockholders will be held virtually on
Thursday, May 23, 2024. You will be able
to attend the Annual Meeting by visiting
www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/EXR2024
Form 10-K Information
A copy of the Company’s Form 10-K, filed
with the Securities Exchange Commission,
will be furnished, free of charge on written
request to:
Investor Relations
2795 East Cottonwood Parkway, Suite 300
Salt Lake City, Utah 84121
A fully downloadable version of the
Company’s annual report can also be found
in the investor relations section of the
Company’s website at www.extraspace.com.
Board of Directors
Kenneth M. Woolley
Chairman of the Board
Extra Space Storage Inc.
Joseph D. Margolis
Chief Executive Officer
Extra Space Storage Inc.
Mark Barberio
Principal
Markapital, LLC
Joseph J. Bonner
President & Chief Executive Officer
Solana Beach Capital LLC
Gary L. Crittenden
Executive Director
HGGC, LLC
Susan Harnett
Co-Founder
Juntos and EqualFuture Corp
Spencer F. Kirk
Retired Chief Executive Officer
Extra Space Storage Inc.
Diane Olmstead
President
Fillmore Capital Affordable Housing
Joseph V. Saffire
Former Chief Executive Officer
Life Storage, Inc.
Julia Vander Ploeg
Former SVP - Global Head of
Digital and Technology
Hyatt Hotels Corporation
Management Team
Joseph D. Margolis
Chief Executive Officer
Scott Stubbs
Executive Vice President
Chief Financial Officer
Zach Dickens
Executive Vice President
Chief Investment Officer
Matt Herrington
Executive Vice President
Chief Operations Officer
Gwyn McNeal
Executive Vice President
Chief Legal Officer
Samrat Sondhi
Executive Vice President
Chief Marketing Officer
Noah Springer
Executive Vice President
Chief Strategy and
Partnership Officer
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Note to Printer:
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EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
NYSE Symbol: EXR
2795 East Cottonwood Parkway, Suite 300
Salt Lake City, UT 84121
www.extraspace.com