Quarterlytics / Energy / Coal / Exxaro Resources Ltd / FY2018 Annual Report

Exxaro Resources Ltd
Annual Report 2018

EXXAF · OTC Energy
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FY2018 Annual Report · Exxaro Resources Ltd
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JSE share code: EXX ISIN: ZAE000084992 ADR code: EXXAY

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EXXARO RESOURCES LIMITED 

Reviewed condensed group 
annual financial statements and unreviewed 
production and sales volumes information
for the year ended 31 December 2018

CONTENTS

2 COMMENTARY

16 CONDENSED GROUP STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE 

INCOME

18 CONDENSED GROUP STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL 

POSITION

20 CONDENSED GROUP STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN 

EQUITY

22 CONDENSED GROUP STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
23 RECONCILIATION OF GROUP HEADLINE EARNINGS
24 NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CORPORATE BACKGROUND AND COMPLIANCE

24 Corporate background
24 Basis of preparation
25 Accounting policies
25 Changes in accounting policies and re-presentation of 

comparative information

PERFORMANCE FOR THE YEAR
44 Segmental information
50 Discontinued operations
51 Revenue
53 Significant items included in operating profit
53 Net financing costs
54 Share of income/(loss) of equity-accounted investments

DIVIDEND DISTRIBUTION
54 Dividend distribution

ASSETS

55 Capital commitments
56 Investments in associates
56 Investments in joint ventures
57 Other assets
57 Non-current assets and liabilities held-for-sale

LIABILITIES

59 Interest-bearing borrowings
61 Net (debt)/cash
63 Other liabilities

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
64 Financial instruments

OTHER INFORMATION

72 Contingent liabilities
72 Related party transactions
72 Going concern
73 JSE Listings Requirements
73 Events after the reporting period
73 Review conclusion
73 Key measures
74 CORPORATE INFORMATION
75 ANNEXURE: ACRONYMS

POWERING POSSIBILITY
INTO THE FUTURE THROUGH . . .

Coal as energy

Water

Renewable energy

Agri

SALIENT FEATURES

Sustainable operations
• LTIFR of 0.12

Group financial performance
• Revenue R25.5 billion, up 12%
• Core EBITDA R7.3 billion, up 1%
• Core headline earnings of R21.59 per share, up 7%
• Cash generated from operations R7.0 billion, up 3%
• Final cash dividend of R5.55 per share, total dividend 

of R10.85 per share, up 55%

Coal operational performance
• Record production volumes of 47.8Mt
• Record sales volumes of 45.2Mt
• Record export volumes of 8.0Mt

SIOC
• R2.6 billion post-tax equity-accounted income
• Dividend of R2.6 billion in FY18

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

1
1

COMMENTARY
for the year ended 31 December 2018

Comments below are based on a comparison between the financial years ended 31 December 2018 and 2017 
(FY18 and FY17) respectively.

SAFETY 
Exxaro recorded an LTIFR of 0.12 (FY17: 0.12) against a target of 0.11. At year end, the group achieved 
22 months without a fatality. We are committed to the zero harm vision and relentless efforts to reduce 
incidents through our Safety Improvement Plans continue.

ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE (ESG) 
Exxaro has been a constituent of the JSE’s FTSE Russell ESG Ratings (previously JSE SRI Index) since 2008. 
These ratings are a measure of our business sustainability practices in relation to environmental stewardship, 
social responsibility as well as governance and ethical leadership of the business and are key indicators of 
progress in our response to socio-economic and environmental challenges where we operate.

During the financial year ended 31 December 2018, our overall ESG rating was a score of 3.7 out of a total 
of 5, attributable to a score of 3.5 for environmental performance, 3.3 for social responsibility and 4.6 for 
governance and ethical leadership. These were leading scores compared to peers in both the coal sector and 
the mining industry. These non-financial metrics are integrated into our business decision-making process, thus 
enhancing our stakeholder value creation through reduced risk to the business. 

One of the key highlights during the financial year was the completion of the restructuring of the board of 
directors (Board) following the implementation of the Replacement BEE Transaction. Through this process we 
were able to increase the Board gender diversity (among others) with black representation of 64% (against a 
target of 50%) and black female representation of 36% (against a target of 30%).

While we are pleased with this leading performance, we are conscious of the challenges that remain in the 
environmental and social elements, including the systemic climate risk to our business. Our response to these 
challenges are addressed in detail in our 2018 Integrated Report, which will be published in April 2019.

ROBUST PERFORMANCE
Exxaro delivered a solid financial performance for FY18, achieving core EBITDA1 of R7 281 million 
(FY17: R7 207 million), while unadjusted EBITDA2 rose to R6 924 million (FY17: R2 487 million). Reconciliation 
from EBITDA to core EBITDA is provided in the table below. We believe these adjustments should be excluded 
to enable a more meaningful year-on-year comparison.

Table 1: Difference between unadjusted EBITDA and core EBITDA

Segment

Description

EBITDA
Adjustments:

Other

Core EBITDA

– Receivable for Mayoko iron ore project written off
– BEE credentials expense and transaction costs

–  Fair-value adjustment on contingent consideration 

relating to the acquisition of ECC

FY18
Rm

6 924
357

357

7 281

FY17
Rm

2 487
4 720
27
4 339

354

7 207

1  Core EBITDA is calculated by adjusting EBITDA with once-off items to remove the volatility in profit or loss and make it 
more comparable. However, these terms are not defined under IFRS and may not be comparable with similarly titled 
measures reported by other companies. 

2  EBITDA is calculated by adjusting earnings before interest and tax for depreciation, amortisation, impairment charges 

and net loss or gain on disposal of investments and assets. 

2

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

COMMENTARY CONTINUED
for the year ended 31 December 2018

ROBUST PERFORMANCE continued
The prior year results for income from equity-accounted investments included several headline earnings 
adjustments. After taking these into consideration, core income from equity-accounted investments increased 
by 22% to R3 271 million (FY17: R2 688 million).

Table 2: Adjustments impacting income from equity-accounted investments

Segment

Description

Unadjusted equity-accounted income
Adjustments:

Coal

Ferrous

TiO2

Energy

–  Post-tax share of equity-accounted investments’ 

remeasurements1

–  Post-tax share of SIOC’s loss on disposal of 

property, plant and equipment1

–  Post-tax share of SIOC’s reversal of impairment 

of property, plant and equipment1

–  Post-tax share of Tronox’s gain on disposal of 

property, plant and equipment1

–  Post-tax share of Tronox Limited’s loss on 

disposal of Alkali chemical business1

–  Post-tax share of Cennergi’s net gain on 

disposal of property, plant and equipment1

FY17
Rm

2 123

565

11

(716)

(1)

1 271

FY18
Rm

3 259

12

1

13

(1)

(1)

Core equity-accounted income

1 Excluded from headline earnings.

3 271

2 688

CHANGES IN SEGMENT REPORTING
We have revised the way in which our coal operations are reported to provide stakeholders with more useful 
and relevant information. The coal operations have been disaggregated based on the nature of the operation 
– commercial, tied and other – as well as geographical location between the Waterberg and Mpumalanga 
regions in South Africa. 

The key changes to the coal reportable segments are:
–   The commercial coal operations have been split by region into Waterberg and Mpumalanga
–  The tied coal operation includes the Matla mine
–  Coal other operations have been added which include the remaining coal operations not reported on under 

the commercial or tied coal operations as well as Arnot and Tshikondeni (mines in closure). 

Coal export revenue and related export cost items have been allocated to the coal operating segments based 
on the origin of the initial coal production.

FY17 numbers have been re-presented to reflect these changes.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

3

COMMENTARY CONTINUED
for the year ended 31 December 2018

COMPARABILITY OF RESULTS
The key transactions shown below should be considered for a better understanding of the comparability of 
results between the two years.

Key transactions impacting on comparability (non-core adjustments) (Rm)

Segment

Description

Total EBITDA impact (refer table 1)

Coal

–  Insurance claim received from external parties1

TiO2

–  Gain on disposal of non-core investments1, 2

–  Gain/(loss) on disposal of property, plant and 

equipment1, 3

– Loss on dilution of shareholding in Tronox Limited1

–  Gain on partial disposal of investment in Tronox 

Limited1, including recycling of the foreign currency 
translation reserve, offset by a loss on recycling 
financial instruments’ revaluation reserve to profit or 
loss1, 4

Other

–   Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment1

– Loss on disposal of financial asset

–  Recycling of the foreign currency translation reserve on 

liquidation of foreign entities to profit or loss1

Total net operating profit impact

Total post-tax equity-accounted income impact1 (refer table 2)

Net financing  
cost

Net tax 
adjustments

–  Eyesizwe preference dividend accrued (consolidation 

impact)

–  Tax on non-core adjustments  

Total attributable earnings impact

FY18

(357)

57

171

121

(2)

14

4

(12)

(100)

(29)

(137)

FY17

(4 720)

3

(62)

(106)

5 191

(2)

(58)

246

(565)

(11)

17

(313)

1 Excluded from headline earnings.
2  Comprises gain on disposal of Manyeka (R69 million) and gain on disposal of certain assets and liabilities of NBC 

(R102 million).

3 Includes R115 million gain on disposal of mineral properties by Matla.
4 Tronox Limited was classified as a non-current asset held-for-sale on 30 September 2017.

4

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

 
COMMENTARY CONTINUED
for the year ended 31 December 2018

COMMODITY PRICE PERFORMANCE AND GROUP SEGMENT RESULTS
Commodity price movements impacting Exxaro’s performance are summarised below.

Change in commodity prices

Commodity price

API4 coal

Iron ore fines 62% Fe ((CFR) China)

Group segment results (Rm)

Coal

Commercial – Waterberg

Commercial – Mpumalanga

Tied1

Other

Ferrous

Alloys

Other

Other

Total

Average US$ per tonne

FY18

98

70

FY17

% change

84

71

+17

-1

Revenue

Core EBITDA1

(Re-

presented) 

FY17

22 553

11 328

7 970

2 837

418

243

243

17

22 813

FY18

25 302

13 289

7 984

3 665

364

169

169

20

25 491

FY18

7 617

6 882

1 558

144

(967)

15

18

(3)

(351)

7 281

FY17

7 374

6 461

1 388

140

(615)

52

53

(1)

(219)

7 207

1 Core EBITDA is calculated after adjusting for non-core transactions reflected in table 3.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

5

COMMENTARY CONTINUED
for the year ended 31 December 2018

FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL RESULTS
Group financial results
Revenue
Group revenue rose 12% to R25 491 million (FY17: R22 813 million), mainly due to higher coal selling prices 
and higher Eskom commercial volumes at Grootegeluk, based on demand from Medupi power station, 
partially offset by a lower quality product mix. The average price per tonne achieved on exports was 
US$77 (FY17: US$69). The average spot exchange rate realised was marginally stronger at R13.24 to the 
US dollar (FY17: R13.30). 

Earnings
Headline earnings increased to R6 707 million (FY17: R1 560 million) or 2 672 cents per share (FY17: 502 cents 
per share), driven by the following non-recurring costs in the prior year:
–  BEE credential expense and transaction costs of R4 339 million for the Replacement BEE Transaction, which 

were not adjusted for in headline earnings

 –  Cessation of the equity method of accounting for Tronox Limited on 30 September 2017.

After adjusting for non-core transactions on table 3, core headline earnings rose 14% to R7 167 million 
(FY17: R6 295 million) or 2 159 cents per share (FY17: 2 011 cents per share) based on a WANOS of 
332 million (FY17: 313 million). 

Similarly, core equity-accounted income/(loss) is shown below.

Core equity-accounted income/(loss) (Rm)

Coal: Mafube

Coal: RBCT

Ferrous: SIOC
TiO2: Tronox SA and UK operations1
TiO2: Tronox Limited2
Energy3 

Other: Other4

Total

Equity-accounted 
income/(loss)

FY18

113

(34)

2 605

491

60

36

FY17

259

(24)

2 598

186

(559)

2

226

Dividends received

FY18

FY17

2 569

1 390

69

58

109

3 271

2 688

2 696

1 499

1  Application of the equity method of accounting ceased when the Tronox UK investment was classified as a non-current 

asset held-for-sale on 30 November 2018.

2  Application of the equity method of accounting ceased when the investment was classified as a non-current asset 

held-for-sale on 30 September 2017.

3  FY18 includes equity-accounted income or loss for Cennergi (R65 million income) and LightApp (R5 million loss).
4  FY18 includes equity-accounted income or loss for AgriProtein (R31 million loss); Curapipe (R3 million loss) and Black 

Mountain (R70 million income), (FY17 includes only Black Mountain).

6

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

COMMENTARY CONTINUED
for the year ended 31 December 2018

FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL RESULTS continued
Group financial results continued
Cash flow and funding
Cash flow generated by operations of R7 024 million (FY17: R6 826 million) plus dividends received from investments 
of R2 695 million was sufficient to cover our capital expenditure and ordinary dividends as shown below.

Deploying cash generated by operations (Rm)

Cash generated by operations
Dividends from investments in associates and joint ventures
Net finance costs
Capital expenditure
Tax paid
Final/interim ordinary dividends paid

Net surplus 

FY18

7 024
2 696
(289)
(5 790)
(1 007)
(2 334)

300

FY17

6 826
1 499
(409)
(3 921)
(790)
(2 227)

978

Total capital expenditure increased by R1 869 million mainly for investments in Grootegeluk’s GG6 phase 2 
expansion and Belfast projects.

SIOC declared a final dividend to shareholders on 14 February 2019, totalling R1 369 million for Exxaro’s 
20.62% shareholding. This will be reflected in our 1H19 results.

Debt exposure
The group had net debt of R3 867 million at 31 December 2018 compared to net cash of R69 million at 
31 December 2017. 

Net debt includes the preference share liability of R609 million (FY17: R2 478 million) for Eyesizwe.

In addition to cash flow items noted above, a gross special dividend of R4 502 million (R3 149 million paid to 
external shareholders) was paid to shareholders on 5 March 2018 after the partial disposal of our shareholding 
in Tronox Limited in October 2017.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

7

 
COMMENTARY CONTINUED
for the year ended 31 December 2018

FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL RESULTS continued
Coal business performance
Unreviewed coal production and sales volumes ('000 tonnes)

Thermal

Commercial – Waterberg

Commercial – Mpumalanga

Exports commercial

Tied

Metallurgical

Commercial – Waterberg

Total coal

Semi-coke

Total coal (excluding buy-ins)

Thermal coal buy-ins

Total coal (including buy-ins)

Production

Sales

FY18

44 417

27 375

10 433

6 609

2 323

2 323

46 740

23

46 763

 1 049

47 812

FY17

42 843

23 406

12 037

7 400

2 132

2 132

44 975

86

45 061

504

45 565

FY18

43 967

25 364

4 033

7 965

6 605

1 197

1 197

45 164

33

45 197

FY17

43 258

22 466

5 777

7 612

7 403

1 190

1 190

44 448

88

44 536

45 197

44 536

Trading conditions in the domestic market were strong in FY18, resulting in all premium product being sold at 
stable prices. Our supply to Eskom increased in line with contractual commitments while all other markets 
remained stable.

The international export market recorded strong demand for most of 2018. India increased its demand for 
South African lower-grade material up to 3Q18, when the market became oversupplied with coal from 
Indonesia and Australia after the ban on coal imports by China. Demand from South Korea slowed in 2018 as 
South African coal could not compete with Colombian material, but new opportunities came from Japan after 
Exxaro shipped a trial cargo to a power plant and received a new order for 2019. In Pakistan, new coal-fired 
power plants were commissioned in 2018, increasing annual coal demand to 6Mtpa from the traditional 4Mtpa. 
We made further inroads into the Pakistan market, supplying both the power plant and cement industries.

China has recently relaxed the ban on coal imports. However, there is still a strong indication that it will continue 
to protect its domestic market by limiting coal imports. If China imposes a further ban on imports, this will have 
a negative impact on coal pricing, especially into India. 

In addition to favourable domestic and international trading conditions, we realised year-on-year operational 
excellence improvements and successfully implemented two key initiatives, namely visualisation of our mining 
value chain and the integrated operations centre at some of our major mines, focused on eliminating systemic 
waste.

Production and sales volumes
Overall coal production volumes (excluding buy-ins and semi-coke) were up 1 765kt (4%), mainly attributable 
to higher production at Grootegeluk due to the ramp-up of Medupi. Sales were only 716kt (2%) higher due to 
strategic stock-building at Grootegeluk to compensate for disrupted production while constructing the 
GG6 expansion project.

8

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

COMMENTARY CONTINUED
for the year ended 31 December 2018

FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL RESULTS continued
Thermal coal
Commercial: Waterberg
Production at Grootegeluk rose 3 969kt (17%), mainly due to the ramp-up of Medupi. This also resulted in an 
increase in sales of 2 898kt (13%).

Commercial: Mpumalanga
The commercial Mpumalanga mines’ thermal coal production was 1 604kt (13%) lower, driven by:
–  Community actions as well as the subsequent disposal of certain assets and liabilities of NBC to North Block 

Complex Proprietary Limited at the end of October 2018 (-1 538kt or -52%) 

–  A labour strike by the contractor, geological challenges at Forzando South, as well as the timing of coal 

seams mined at Dorstfontein Complex East affecting production at ECC (-263kt or -6%) 

– Ramping down Springboklaagte reserve and ramping up Nooitgedacht reserve at Mafube (-669kt or -40%).

The decrease was partly offset by:
 –  Higher ramp-up in overburden tonnes enabling higher production at Leeuwpan, as well as the decision to 

increase power station coal to the export market (+865kt or +26%).

The commercial Mpumalanga mines’ thermal coal sales were down 1 744kt (30%), driven by:
–  Community actions preventing Eskom from collecting coal and the subsequent disposal of certain assets and 

liabilities of NBC (-1 317kt or -47%)

–  A change in sales strategy at Leeuwpan aimed at maximising export sales to capitalise on strong market 

prices and demand (-317kt or -14%)

– Product availability driven by lower production at ECC (-110kt or -16%).

Exports commercial
Export sales increased by 5% to 7 965kt as buy-ins more than doubled.

Tied 
Coal production and sales from Matla were 11% lower. Lower production of 792kt was largely affected by the 
Mine 2 wall halting production mid-March (-1 393kt), partly offset by Mine 3 (+601kt ) after implementing an 
additional section in the review period. 

Metallurgical coal
Grootegeluk’s metallurgical coal production increased by 191kt (9%), resulting in higher export sales. Our 
operational excellence initiatives (focusing on the seven-day work week, plant throughput, plant discard and 
coal fragmentation) contributed to higher production. Sales were in line with FY17.

Semi-coke
Semi-coke production was 63kt (73%) lower due to a fire in March 2018 at the reductant plant, resulting in 
lower sales of 55kt (63%).

Capex and projects
Exxaro’s capital for its coal business increased by 50% compared to FY17. This is mainly due to:
  –  the GG6 Phase 2 expansion project in the Waterberg region
  – the Belfast project, Leeuwpan Lifex project and higher sustaining capex at ECC, in the Mpumalanga region.

The higher capex is partly offset by:
 –  optimisation on sustaining capital at Grootegeluk (trucks, stacker and reclaimers as well as discard and 

backfill phase 2 project).

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

9

COMMENTARY CONTINUED
for the year ended 31 December 2018

FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL RESULTS continued 
Coal Capex (Rm)

Sustaining
Commercial: Waterberg
Commercial: Mpumalanga 
Expansion
Commercial: Waterberg
Commercial: Mpumalanga

Total coal capex

FY18

2 779
1 904
875
2 943
1 987
956

5 722

FY17

3 203
2 687
516
601
440
161

3 804

% change

-13
-29
+70

+50

Revenue and core EBITDA
Coal revenue of R25 302 million rose by 12% higher (FY17: R22 553 million). Higher revenue from our 
commercial mines reflects higher selling prices, an increase in Eskom sales volumes and higher exports. 
This was partly offset by lower domestic sales and a lower product quality mix.

Coal EBITDA of R7 617 million (FY17: R7 374 million) rose 3%, driven by: 
– Higher commercial revenue (+R1 920 million)
– Higher stock movement (+R281 million)
– Savings on distribution costs (+R396 million).

The increase was partly offset by:
–   Higher inflation (-R962 million)
–   Higher mining costs (-R437 million)
– Higher maintenance (-R362 million)
–  Higher general costs (-R402 million) (includes cost relating to digital strategy, grants in respect of our 

enterprise and supply development strategy and fair value on Trust investments)

– Higher royalties (-R281 million)
– Higher employee costs (-R121 million).

Equity-accounted investment
Mafube, a 50% joint venture with Anglo, recorded lower core equity-accounted income of R113 million 
(FY17: R259 million), mainly due to ramping down at Springboklaagte and ramping up at the Nooitgedacht 
reserve.

Ferrous business
Equity-accounted investments
After adjusting for non-core transactions, equity-accounted income from SIOC was R2 605 million 
(FY17: R2 598 million). 

An interim dividend of R1 263 million was received from SIOC in FY18 (FY17: R1 390 million). A final dividend, 
of which Exxaro’s share will be R1 369 million, was declared on 14 February 2019.

10

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

COMMENTARY CONTINUED
for the year ended 31 December 2018

FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL RESULTS continued 
Titanium dioxide 
Equity-accounted investment
After adjusting for non-core transactions, core equity-accounted income from Tronox SA and Tronox UK 
increased by R305 million to R491 million compared to FY17. This is mainly due to improved operating 
performance and foreign currency exchange gains. 

We are committed to monetising our remaining 23.4% interest in Tronox Limited to focus on core activities, 
repay debt, fund capital commitments and make distributions to shareholders by applying our capital allocation 
framework. In this regard, on 26 November 2018, Exxaro and Tronox Limited agreed to address the following 
key matters:
–  The terms of our support for Tronox Limited’s intention to redomicile from Australia, where it is currently 

incorporated, to the United Kingdom

–  Exxaro’s accelerated disposal of its 26% member’s interest in Tronox UK for R2 billion in cash, representing 

our indirect share of loan accounts in Tronox SA at 30 September 2018 

–  Further clarification of terms and conditions agreed between Exxaro and Tronox Limited in 2012, when 

Tronox Limited was formed, by which Exxaro can dispose of its 26% equity interest in Tronox SA in exchange 
for 7.2 million Tronox Limited shares or the cash equivalent (the disposal). In addition to existing triggers, 
Exxaro and Tronox Limited have agreed that the disposal can be triggered on the occurrence of certain 
events, including confirmation or agreement that Tronox SA has met the relevant ownership requirements for 
its existing mining rights, in the context of the new mining charter 

–  The terms on which Exxaro can begin a staged process to monetise its remaining Tronox Limited stake of 

28.7 million shares in 2019, subject to market conditions, including Exxaro's grant to Tronox Limited of a right 
to acquire such shares at a market-related price in lieu of selling them in the market or to any third parties.

The investment in Tronox Limited continues to meet the criteria to be classified as a non-current asset 
held-for-sale. In addition, Exxaro’s membership interest in Tronox UK was classified as a non-current asset 
held-for-sale as of 30 November 2018, when all the requirements in terms of IFRS 5 were met, and application 
of the equity method ceased.

On 15 February 2019, Tronox Limited confirmed the completion of the first stage of its redomiciliation, in which 
it has acquired Exxaro’s 26% ownership interest in Tronox UK for R2.1 billion.

On 8 March 2019, Tronox Limited announced that the shareholders of Tronox Limited approved the transaction 
to redomicile to the United Kingdom to Australia.

Energy business
Equity-accounted investments – Cennergi
Core equity-accounted income from Cennergi, a 50% joint venture with Tata Power, increased from R2 million 
in FY17 to R65 million in FY18. 

Financial results were boosted by fair value adjustments on derivative instruments, as well as a change in the 
useful life (from 20 years to 30 years) of property, plant and equipment at the two wind farms which reduced 
the depreciation charge.

In FY18, Exxaro received dividends of R58 million as well as R186 million for the settlement of shareholder 
loans.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

11

COMMENTARY CONTINUED
for the year ended 31 December 2018

FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL RESULTS continued 
Energy business continued
Equity-accounted investments – Other
On 31 May 2018, Exxaro entered into a share-purchase agreement to obtain an equity interest in AgriProtein, 
incorporated in the UK. The purchase price of US$52.5 million comprises initial cash of US$14.5 million 
(R184.2 million) paid on 1 June 2018 and a deferred consideration of US$38 million (R482.8 million), which will 
be paid over the next two years. The timing of the deferred consideration depends on AgriProtein’s capital 
expenditure requirements. Transaction costs of R6.6 million were capitalised to the cost of the investment. 
AgriProtein develops municipal organic waste-conversion plants to generate high-quality, natural protein sold 
for use in animal feed and agriculture.

On 18 September 2018, Exxaro finalised a share purchase agreement to obtain an equity interest in LightApp. 
The purchase price of US$10 million comprises initial cash of US$5 million (R71.9 million), paid on 
27 September 2018, and a deferred consideration of US$5 million (R70.7 million) which will be paid over the 
next two years. Transaction costs of R0.6 million were capitalised to the cost of the investment. LightApp is one 
of the leading start-ups in industrial energy analytics. It is a software company that develops and deploys an 
energy management system for industrial customers. The LightApp solution enables continuous collection and 
analysis of energy consumption data together with production indicators from sensors on the production floor. 
This analysis leads to improved energy management and efficiency through deeper insights and alerts. While 
LightApp is a global business, Exxaro will also use the LightApp platform to improve energy management at its 
own operations, with the first deployment already commencing at the FerroAlloys facility in Pretoria.

SALE OF NON-CORE ASSETS AND INVESTMENTS
To optimise Exxaro’s coal portfolio, we concluded a sale-of-shares agreement with Universal Coal for the 
100% shareholding in Manyeka, including the 51% interest in Eloff. The transaction closed on 31 July 2018. 
Exxaro received net cash of R75 million, resulting in a gain on disposal of R69 million. 

On 2 March 2018, Exxaro concluded a sale-of-asset agreement with North Block Complex Proprietary Limited 
to dispose of certain assets and liabilities of NBC. Given the composition of the assets, two section 11 
applications were submitted to the DMR to transfer the mineral rights. Although the section 11 for the 
Paardeplaats mining right has not yet been granted, it was agreed with the buyer to close the transaction on 
31 October 2018. Exxaro received proceeds of R17 million for the Glisa and Eerstelingsfontein reserves, 
resulting in a gain on disposal of R102 million.

The sale of Paardeplaats will be concluded once the section 11 approval has been obtained.

PERFORMANCE AGAINST NEW B-BBEE CODES AND MINING CHARTER
Exxaro achieved level 5 B-BEEE recognition (FY17: level 6) and is on track to achieve level 3 recognition for 
FY19. This reflects implementation of our ESD strategy through a combination of loans and grants amounting 
to R180 million, which was fully operationalised in 2018. We support the principles of transformation and will 
use regulatory mechanisms as a minimum to advance national aspirations for transformation.

MINERAL RESOURCES AND MINERAL RESERVES
Material changes in Coal Reserve estimates are reported at two of our operations for FY18.

At ECC, there was an increase of 56% in ROM reserves by incorporating the 2017 geological model to 
update the LOM and Coal Reserve classification for the Dorstfontein West and Dorstfontein East operations. 
This resulted in a material amount of seam 2 and 4 lower to be included in the underground reserve at 
Dorstfontein East. 

12

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

COMMENTARY CONTINUED
for the year ended 31 December 2018

MINERAL RESOURCES AND MINERAL RESERVES continued
At Matla mine, the update of the geological model and subsequent review of the resource classification resulted 
in a 5.7% decrease in the ROM Coal Reserve. In addition, a reduction of the pillar-extraction recovery based on 
reviewing the extraction process to enhance ventilation and safety, as well as considering actual extraction 
figures in the reporting period, resulted in an additional 13% decrease of the Coal Reserve. 

For all other operations, other than normal LOM depletion, no material changes to Mineral Resources and 
Mineral Reserves estimates are reported. 

MINING AND PROSPECTING RIGHTS
Exxaro faced several challenges over the period, due to the temporary closure of DMR offices in Limpopo and 
Mpumalanga and continued delays in registering rights and amendments to existing rights. Despite these, 
notable achievements included ministerial consent to transfer NBC’s Glisa and Eerstelingsfontein mining rights, 
the grant and execution of the Paardeplaats mining right and renewal of two Waterberg prospecting rights.

OUTLOOK
We expect sustainable improvement in the physical operating results for the coal business by embedding our 
business optimisation and operational excellence initiatives across all operations, and unlocking value through 
data analytics and value-chain integration.

We are proud to report that we are on track and within budget to deliver value on our coal capital projects, 
spending more that R20 billion over the next five years to increase sales volumes from 45Mtpa in FY18 to more 
that 60Mtpa by FY23. The Belfast and Leeuwpan Lifex projects are ahead of schedule, while the GG6 expansion 
and Grootgeluk rapid loan out station projects are impacted by community and labour related activities in the 
Lephalale area. We continue to engage with contractors faced with labour unrest and corporate uncertainty.

A stable domestic market is anticipated for 1H19, supported by healthy prices due to tight supply in premium 
quality sized coal.

In Mpumalanga Eskom has, due to the termination of several coal supply agreements, requested industry 
participants for expressions of interest to supply coal on a short-term basis while it is looking to enter into 
longer-term contracts. This is positive for Exxaro as it provides more flexibility between various markets. 

We remain positive that the outcome of the national elections on 8 May 2019 will put South Africa on a 
renewed investment and economic growth path urgently needed to address the socioeconomic challenges the 
country is facing. Exxaro is fully supportive of the investment drive spearheaded by the Presidency.

The international market remains largely bearish owing to possible market oversupply, which hinges on China 
and its ban on coal imports. An increase in coal demand is expected in India, a market that is likely to remain 
our main export destination. 

Market conditions are expected to be supportive in 2019. We remain confident that through our well-diversified 
coal portfolio, we will continue to explore more opportunities in emerging markets where coal-fired power plants 
are being commissioned.

In 1H19, the performance of our SIOC investment will be boosted by higher iron ore prices after supply 
disruptions in Brazil, a relative high global lump premium and a weak rand/US dollar exchange rate.

Although global economic activity is edging down and market sentiment is challenging, commodity price support 
in 2H18 is expected to continue into 1H19. However, global policy tensions, especially on trade, remain the 
biggest threat to global growth. The rand/US dollar exchange rate is expected to remain volatile during the period.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

13

COMMENTARY CONTINUED
for the year ended 31 December 2018

FINAL DIVIDEND
Exxaro’s dividend policy is based on two components: a pass-through of the SIOC dividend received and a 
targeted cover ratio of 2.5 times to 3.5 times core attributable coal earnings. 

Additionally, we are targeting a gearing ratio below 1.5 times net debt to EBITDA.

The board has declared a cash dividend comprising:
– 3.3 times core attributable coal earnings 
– Pass-through of SIOC dividend of R1 369 million.

Notice is given that a gross final cash dividend, number 32 of 555 cents per share, for the financial year ended 
31 December 2018 was declared, payable to shareholders of ordinary shares. For details of the dividend, 
please refer note 11 of the reviewed condensed group annual financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2018.

Salient dates for payment of the final dividend are:

Last day to trade cum dividend on the JSE

First trading day ex dividend on the JSE

Record date

Payment date

Monday, 6 May 2019

Tuesday, 7 May 2019

Friday, 10 May 2019

Monday, 13 May 2019

No share certificates may be dematerialised or rematerialised between Tuesday, 7 May 2019 and Friday, 
10 May 2019, both days inclusive. Dividends for certificated shareholders will be transferred electronically to 
their bank accounts on payment date. Shareholders who hold dematerialised shares will have their accounts at 
their central securities depository participant or broker credited on Monday, 13 May 2019.

GENERAL
Additional information on financial and operational results for the financial year ended 31 December 2018, and 
the accompanying presentation can be accessed on our website on www.exxaro.com.

On behalf of the board

Jeff van Rooyen 
Chairman 

12 March 2019

Mxolisi Mgojo 
Chief executive officer 

Riaan Koppeschaar 
Finance director

14

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

EXXARO 2018 PERFORMANCE AT A GLANCE

Performance overview

 • Revenue up 12% at R25.5 billion

• Post-tax equity income of R3.3 billion, up 54%

• Net debt:equity of 9%

• Total dividend increased 55%

• HEPS of R26.72  

Value distribution (Rm)

247

77

13

51

3 486

2 214

5 483

2018

2 930

2017

1 143

597

518

1 657

1 433

882

• Salaries, wages and benefits
• Employees’ tax
• Payments to government
• Cost of finance
• Cash dividend paid, excluding Mpower 2012 beneficiaries
• Dividend paid to BEE Parties
• Cash dividend paid to Mpower 2012 beneficiaries
• Community investments and volunteerism

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

15

CONDENSED GROUP STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
for the year ended 31 December  2018

Revenue (note 7)

Operating expenses

Operating profit (note 8)

BEE credentials

Net operating profit

Finance income (note 9)

Finance costs (note 9)

Income from financial assets

Share of income of equity-accounted investments (note 10)

Profit before tax

Income tax expense

Profit for the year from continuing operations

Profit for the year from discontinued operations (note 6)

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax

Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss:

– Remeasurement of post-retirement employee obligations

–  Changes in fair value of equity investments at fair value through 

other comprehensive income

–  Share of other comprehensive income of equity-accounted 

investments

Items that may subsequently be reclassified to profit or loss:

– Unrealised gains/(losses) on translation of foreign operations

– Revaluation of financial assets available-for-sale

–  Share of other comprehensive income/(loss) of equity-accounted 

investments

Items that have subsequently been reclassified to profit or loss:

–  Recycling of exchange differences on translation of foreign operations

–  Share of recycling of other comprehensive income of  

equity-accounted investments

2018
Reviewed
Rm

 25 491 

 (19 788)

 5 703 

 5 703 

 283 

 (605)

 6 

 3 259 

 8 646 

 (1 653)

 6 993 

 69 

 7 062 

 246 

 66 

 39 

 21 

 6 

 194 

 67 

 127

 (14)

 (14)

2017
Audited
Rm

 22 813 

 (17 593)

 5 220 

 (4 245)

 975 

 217 

 (828)

 2 

 3 952 

 4 318 

 (1 542)

 2 776 

 3 256 

 6 032 

 (1 352)

 13 

 (29)

 42 

 (92)

 (62)

 (14)

 (16)

 (1 273)

 58 

 (1 331)

Total comprehensive income for the year

 7 308 

 4 680 

16

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

Profit attributable to:

Owners of the parent

– Continuing operations

– Discontinued operations

Non-controlling interests

– Continuing operations

Profit for the year

Total comprehensive income attributable to:

Owners of the parent

– Continuing operations

– Discontinued operations

Non-controlling interests

– Continuing operations

2018
Reviewed
Rm

2017
Audited
Rm

 7 030 

 6 961 

 69 

 32 

 32 

 5 982 

 2 726 

 3 256 

 50 

50

7 062

6 032

 7 276 

 7 207 

 69 

 32 

 32 

 4 630 

 2 487 

 2 143 

 50 

 50 

Total comprehensive income for the year

 7 308 

4 680

Attributable earnings per share

Aggregate

– Basic

– Diluted

Continuing operations

– Basic

– Diluted

Discontinued operations

– Basic

– Diluted

2018
Reviewed
cents

2017
Audited
cents

 2 801 

 2 156 

 2 774 

 2 135 

 27 

 21 

 1 923 

 1 724 

 876 

 786 

 1 047 

 938 

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

17

CONDENSED GROUP STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
at 31 December 2018

ASSETS
Non-current assets

Property, plant and equipment 

Biological assets

Intangible assets 

Investments in associates (note 13)

Investments in joint ventures (note 14)

Financial assets (note 20)

– Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 

– Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 

– Loans to associates and joint ventures 

– Enterprise and supplier development loans 

– Other financial assets at amortised cost 

Lease receivables

Deferred tax

Other non-current assets (note 15)

Current assets

Inventories

Financial assets (note 20)

– Loans to associates and joint ventures 

– Enterprise and supplier development loans 

– Other financial assets at amortised cost 

Trade and other receivables 

Lease receivables

Current tax receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Other current assets (note 15)

Non-current assets held-for-sale (note 16)

Total assets

 (Re-presented) 

2017
Audited
Rm

 47 660 

 24 362 

 34 

 17 

 15 810 

 1 479 

 2 351 

 72 

 571 

 2 964 

 10 844 

 1 055 

 48 

2018
Reviewed 
 Rm

 52 226 

 28 825 

 30 

 15 

 15 477 

 1 569 

 2 634 

 185 

 1 432 

 250 

 80 

 687 

 66 

 523 

 3 087 

 7 641 

 1 604 

 134 

 9 

 45 

 80 

 3 140 

 2 613 

 5 

 23 

 2 080 

 655 

 5 183 

 65 050 

 4 

 28 

 6 657 

 439 

 3 910 

 62 414 

18

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
Capital and other components of equity

Share capital

Other components of equity

Retained earnings

Equity attributable to owners of the parent

Non-controlling interests

Total equity

Non-current liabilities

Interest-bearing borrowings (note 17)

Non-current other payables

Provisions 

Post-retirement employee obligations

Financial liabilities (note 20)

– Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss 

– Financial liabilities at amortised cost 

Deferred tax

Other non-current liabilities (note 19)

Current liabilities

Interest-bearing borrowings (note 17)

Trade and other payables

Provisions

Financial liabilities (note 20)

– Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss 

– Financial liabilities at amortised cost 

– Derivative financial instruments 

Current tax payable

Overdraft (note 17)

Other current liabilities (note 19)

Non-current liabilities held-for-sale (note 16)

Total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

 (Re-presented) 

2018
Reviewed 
 Rm

2017
Audited
Rm

 1 021 

 8 028 

 32 797 

 41 846 

 (701)

 41 145 

 15 745 

 3 843 

 152 

 3 952 

 193 

 713 

 488 

 225 

 6 874 

 18 

 6 823 

 573 

 2 960 

 70 

 757 

 361 

 395 

 1 

 209 

 1 531 

 723 

 1 337 

 23 905 

 65 050 

 1 021 

 8 120 

 30 962 

 40 103 

 (738)

 39 365 

 17 442 

 6 480 

 89 

 3 864 

 227 

 414 

 5 988 

 380 

 3 956 

 68 

 2 245 

 95 

 309 

 368 

 54 

 817 

 1 651 

 23 049 

 62 414

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

19

CONDENSED GROUP STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

At 31 December 2016 (Audited)
Profit for the year
Other comprehensive loss for the year
Share of other comprehensive (loss)/income of 
equity-accounted investments
Issue of share capital1
Share-based payments movement2
Dividends paid
Share repurchase3
Treasury shares4
Disposal of an associate5
Liquidation of subsidiary6 
Reclassification within equity

At 31 December 2017 (Audited)
Adjustment on initial application of IFRS 15 
(net of tax)7
Adjustment on initial application of IFRS 9 
(net of tax)7

Adjusted balance at 1 January 2018
Profit for the year
Other comprehensive income for the year
Share of other comprehensive income of 
equity-accounted investments
Adjustment to NCI8 
Share-based payments movement2
Dividends paid
Disposal of subsidiaries9
Liquidation of subsidiary6 
At 31 December 2018 (Reviewed)

Other components of equity

Share 
capital
Rm

Foreign 
currency 
translation
Rm

Financial
instruments 
revaluation
Rm

Equity-
settled 
Rm

 2 509 

 4 010 

 23 

 1 898 

 10 705 

 (1 951)
 (10 242)

 (62)

 (154)

 (65)

 203 

 4 057 

 (1 332)
 58 

 1 

 (286)

 1 021 

 2 520 

 (41)

 5 872 

 1 021 

 2 520 

 (41)

 5 872 

 67 

 118 

 9 

 (338)

 1 021 

 (14)
 2 691 

 (32)

 5 534 

1  For 2017, the issue of share capital comprises the vesting of Mpower 2012 treasury shares to good leavers and 

beneficiaries upon final vesting of the share-based payment scheme on 31 May 2017 amounting to R463 million and an 
issue of 67 221 565 ordinary shares to Eyesizwe at a discounted share price of R73.92 per share which had a market 
share price of R152.35 on 11 December 2017. 

2  For 2018, the share-based payment movements include an amount of R247 million paid to the BEE Parties as a dividend. 
For 2017, comprises the final vesting of Mpower 2012 shares as well as the potential benefit to be obtained by the BEE 
Parties amounting to R4 245 million.

3  Exxaro executed two repurchases during 2017. Exxaro repurchased 43 943 744 ordinary shares from Main Street 333 

for a purchase consideration of R3 524 million during January and 22 686 572 ordinary shares from Main Street 333 for a 
purchase consideration of R2 695 million during December 2017.

4  For 2017, 107 612 026 ordinary shares held by Eyesizwe in Exxaro were accounted for as treasury shares on 

consolidation of Eyesizwe.

5  During October 2017, Exxaro disposed of 22 425 000 Class A Tronox Limited ordinary shares which resulted in a gain 

on translation differences being recycled to profit or loss, the release of a loss from the financial instruments revaluation 
reserve to profit or loss, a net reclassification within equity from post-retirement employee obligations reserve and 
equity-settled reserve to retained earnings.

6  For 2018, recognised a gain on translation difference recycled to profit or loss on the liquidation of a foreign subsidiary 
(Exxaro Coal Botswana Holding Company Proprietary Limited). For 2017, recognised a loss on translation difference 
recycled to profit or loss on the liquidation of a foreign subsidiary (Exxaro Mineral Sands BV).

7  Refer to note 4 for details of the adjustments on initial application of IFRS 15 and IFRS 9.
8  NCI’s share of an error which was identified at a subsidiary company level. Interest on the environmental rehabilitation 

trust fund was erroneously omitted in the subsidiary accounting records. This was considered material for the subsidiary 
companies which were impacted however this was not considered a material error for group and therefore there was no 
restatement for the Exxaro group.

9  For 2018, derecognised the NCI reserve which relates to Eloff that was disposed of as part of the Manyeka disposal.

20

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

Post-
retirement 
employee 
obligations
Rm

Available-
for-sale 
revaluation
Rm

Financial 
asset 
FVOCI 
revaluation
Rm

 (60)

 (14)

 (262)

 (29)

 42 

 91 

 (158)

 (74)

 74 

 (74)

 (74)

 21 

 (158)

 39 

 6 

Other 
Rm

 (3 524)

Retained 
earnings
Rm

 31 281 
 5 982 

 (2 227)
 (4 268)

 195 

 (1)

 3 524 

 1 

 1 

 314 

 (11)

 1 

 31 265 
 7 030 

 (15)

 (5 483)

Attributable 
to owners 
of the 
parent
Rm

 35 875 
 5 982 
 (105)

 26 
 10 705 
 4 057 
 (2 227)
 (2 695)
 (10 242)
 (1 331)
 58 

Non-
controlling 
interests
Rm

 (788)
 50 

Total 
equity
Rm

 35 087 
 6 032 
 (105)

 26 
 10 705 
 4 057 
 (2 227)
 (2 695)
 (10 242)
 (1 331)
 58 

 314 

 (11)

 40 406 
 7 030 
 127 

 133 
 (15)
 (338)
 (5 483)

 (14)
 41 846 

 314 

 (11)

 39 668 
 7 062 
 127 

 133 

 (338)
 (5 483)
 (10)
 (14)
 41 145 

 (738)
 32 

 15 

 (10)

 (701)

 30 962 

 40 103 

 (738)

 39 365 

 (113)

 (53)

 1 

 32 797 

cents
 1 255 
 400 
 530 
555

Dividend distribution
Dividend per share paid in respect of a special dividend declared during 2018
Final dividend per share paid in respect of the 2017 financial year
Dividend per share paid in respect of the 2018 interim period
Final dividend per share payable in respect of the 2018 financial year
Foreign currency translation
Arises from the translation of the financial statements of foreign operations within the group.
Financial instruments revaluation
Comprises the effective portion of the cumulative net change in the fair value of cash flow hedging 
instruments where the hedged transaction has not yet occurred.
Equity-settled
Represents the fair value, net of tax, of services received from employees and settled by equity instruments 
granted as well as the fair value of the potential benefit to be obtained by the BEE Parties in relation to the 
Replacement BEE Transaction.
Post-retirement employee obligations
Comprises remeasurements, net of tax, on the post-retirement employee obligations.
Available-for-sale revaluation
Comprises the fair value adjustments, net of tax, on the available-for-sale financial assets.
Financial asset FVOCI revaluation
Comprises the fair value adjustments, net of tax, on the financial assets classified at FVOCI.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

21

CONDENSED GROUP STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
for the year ended 31 December 2018

 (Re-presented) 

Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated by operations
Settlement of contingent consideration (note 20.2)1
Interest paid
Interest received
Tax paid
Dividends paid
Cash flows from investing activities
Property, plant and equipment acquired to maintain operations (note 12)
Property, plant and equipment acquired to expand operations (note 12)
Intangible assets acquired
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment
Decrease in loans to Main Street 333
Interest received on loans to Main Street 333
Decrease in other financial assets at amortised cost
Increase in Enterprise and supplier development loans
Decrease in loan to joint venture
Increase in loan to joint venture
Decrease in lease receivables
Proceeds from disposal of operation 
Proceeds from disposal of subsidiaries2
Proceeds from disposal of a financial asset
Increase in loan to associate
Acquisition of associates (note 13)
Dividend income from investments in associates and joint ventures
Proceeds from disposal of equity-accounted investments
Decrease in non-current financial assets
Increase in non-current financial assets
Increase in environmental rehabilitation funds
Dividend income from financial assets and non-current assets  
classified as held-for-sale
Cash flows from financing activities
Interest-bearing borrowings raised 
Interest-bearing borrowings repaid 
Shares acquired in the market to settle share-based payments
Dividends paid to BEE Parties
Repurchase of share capital

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year
Reclassifications of cash and cash equivalents
Translation difference on movement in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents classified as held-for-sale
Overdraft

2018
Reviewed 
 Rm

(54)
 7 024 
 (299)
 (518)
 229 
 (1 007)
 (5 483)
 (3 195)
 (2 847)
 (2 943)
 (1)
 268 

 82 
 (125)
 186 
 (250)
 14 
 17 
 75 
 24 

 (263)
 2 627

 (135)

 76 
 (2 861)
 14 
 (2 161)
 (467)
 (247)

 (6 110)
 6 617 

 42 
 549 
 2 080 

 (1 531)

2017
Audited
Rm

 3 326 
 6 826 
 (74)
 (597)
 188 
 (790)
 (2 227)
 4 451 
 (2 977)
 (944)
 (1)
 11 
 400 
 84 

 (1)
 (26)
 1 499 
 6 525 
 14 
 (4)
 (130)

 1 
 (6 361)
 2 491 
 (2 534)
 (99)

 (6 219)

 1 416 
 5 183 
 51 
 (33)
 6 617 
 6 657 
 14 
 (54)

1  The settlement of contingent consideration has been reclassified from investing activities to operating activities as 
this relates to post-acquisition changes in fair value of the contingent consideration that has been paid but is not 
recognised as an adjustment in the investment value previously acquired.
2 Consists of cash received of R90 million and cash disposed of R15 million.

22

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

RECONCILIATION OF GROUP HEADLINE EARNINGS

For the year ended 31 December 2018 (Reviewed)
Profit attributable to owners of the parent
Adjusted for:
– IFRS 10 Gain on disposal of subsidiaries
– IAS 16 Gain on disposal of operation
– IAS 16 Net gains on disposal of property, plant and equipment
–  IAS 16 Compensation from third parties for items of property, 

plant and equipment impaired, abandoned or lost

–  IAS 21 Net gains on translation differences recycled to profit or loss on 

the liquidation of a foreign subsidiary

–  IAS 28 Share of equity-accounted investments’ separate identifiable 

remeasurements

Headline earnings
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations

For the year ended 31 December 2017 (Audited) 
Profit attributable to owners of the parent
Adjusted for:
–   IAS 16 Net losses on disposal of property, plant and equipment
–   IAS 16 Compensation from third parties for items of property, plant and 

equipment impaired, abandoned or lost

–  IAS 21 Net gains on translation differences recycled to profit or loss on 
the liquidation of a foreign subsidiary and partial disposal of investment 
in foreign associate

–  IAS 28 Loss on dilution of investment in associate
–  IAS 28 Share of equity-accounted investments’ separate identifiable 

remeasurements

–  IAS 28 Share of equity-accounted investments’ impairment reversal of 

property, plant and equipment

–  IAS 28 Share of equity-accounted investments’ loss on disposal of 

a subsidiary

–  IAS 28 Gain on partial disposal of an associate

Headline earnings/(loss)
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations

Headline earnings/(loss) per share 
Aggregate 
– Basic
– Diluted
Continuing operations 
– Basic
– Diluted
Discontinued operations 
– Basic
– Diluted

 Gross 
Rm

Tax
Rm

Net
Rm

 (348)
 (69)
 (102)
 (122)

 (57)

 (14)

 16 

 25 

 13 

 16 

 (4)

 (4 674)
 61 

 252 
 (18)

 7 030 
 (323)
 (69)
 (102)
 (109)

 (41)

 (14)

 12 

 6 707 
 6 638 
 69 

5 982
 (4 422)
 43 

 (3)

 1 

 (2)

 (1 274)
 106 

 (1 274)
 106 

 12 

 (2)

 10 

 (987)

 271 

 (716)

 1 271 
 (3 860)

2018
Reviewed 
 cents

 2 672 
 2 057 

 2 645 
 2 036 

 27 
 21 

 1 271 
 (3 860)

 1 560 
 2 120 
 (560)

2017
Audited
cents

 502 
 450 

 682 
 611 

 (180)
 (161)

Refer to note 11 for details regarding the number of shares.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

23

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
1. 
Exxaro, a public company incorporated in South Africa, is a diversified resources group with 
interests in the coal (controlled and non-controlled), TiO2 (non-controlled), ferrous (controlled and 
non-controlled) and energy (non-controlled) markets. These reviewed condensed group annual 
financial statements as at and for the year ended 31 December 2018 (condensed annual financial 
statements) comprise the company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as the group) and the 
group’s interest in associates and joint ventures. 

2.
2.1

BASIS OF PREPARATION 
Statement of compliance

The condensed annual financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the 
requirements of the JSE Listings Requirement for preliminary reports and the requirements of the 
Companies Act of South Africa. The Listings Requirements require preliminary reports to be 
prepared in accordance with the framework concepts and the measurement and recognition 
requirements of IFRS and the SAICA Financial Reporting Guides as issued by the Accounting 
Practices Committee and Financial Pronouncements as issued by the Financial Reporting 
Standards Council and also, as a minimum, contain the information required by IAS 34 Interim 
Financial Reporting. 

The condensed annual financial statements have been prepared under the supervision of 
PA Koppeschaar CA(SA), SAICA registration number: 00038621.

The condensed annual financial statements should be read in conjunction with the group annual 
financial statements as at and for the year ended 31 December 2017, which have been prepared in 
accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The condensed annual financial statements have 
been prepared on the historical cost basis, excluding financial instruments, share-based payments 
and biological assets, that are measured at fair value. This is the first set of condensed annual 
financial statements where IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (IFRS 9) and IFRS 15 Revenue from 
Contracts with Customers (IFRS 15) have been applied. The changes to the accounting policies 
impacted by these new standards are described in note 4.

The condensed annual financial statements were authorised for issue by the board of directors on 
12 March 2019.

2.2

Judgements and estimates

Management made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of 
accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expense. Actual 
results may differ from these estimates. The significant judgements made by management in 
applying the group’s accounting policies and the key source of estimation uncertainty were 
similar to those applied to the group annual financial statements as at and for the year ended 
31 December 2017.

2.3

Re-presentation of comparative information

The condensed group statement of financial position and condensed group statement of cash flows 
as at and for the year ended 31 December 2017 have been re-presented as a result of a detailed 
analysis which was performed for the implementation of IFRS 9 on the classification of items in the 
statement of financial position. It was concluded that certain items needed to be reclassified in the 
prior year financial statements, as these reclassifications provide more relevant information on the 
nature of these assets and liabilities and results in more appropriate classifications (refer note 4).

24

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

3. 

ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the condensed annual financial statements 
are consistent with those followed in the preparation of the group annual financial statements as at 
and for the year ended 31 December 2017, except for the adoption of new or amended standards 
as set out below.

3.1

New or amended standards adopted by the group

A number of new or amended standards became effective for the current year of reporting. 

The group has adopted the following new standards, which are relevant to the group, for the first 
time for the year commencing on 1 January 2018:
— IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (IFRS 9)
— IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (IFRS 15)

The adoption of these standards has resulted in the group changing its accounting policies. 
The impact of the adoption and the new accounting policies are disclosed in note 4.

3.2

Impact of new, amended or revised standards issued but not yet effective

Certain new accounting standards and interpretations have been published but are not yet effective 
on 31 December 2018, and have not been early adopted. Of these standards, only IFRS 16 Leases 
(IFRS 16) is anticipated to have an impact on the group as summarised below.

IFRS 16

The standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019. The group has 
assessed all leasing arrangements that have not reached the end of their respective lease terms as 
at 31 December 2018 and has decided to apply IFRS 16 retrospectively using the cumulative effect 
method and will make use of the practical expedients available in this standard.

4.

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION
This note explains the items which were reclassified as well as the impact of the adoption of IFRS 9 
and IFRS 15 on the condensed annual financial statements. This note also discloses the new 
accounting policies that have been applied from 1 January 2018, where they are different to those 
applied in prior periods.

4.1

Impact on the financial statements

As part of the implementation of IFRS 9 a detailed analysis was performed on the classification of 
items in the statement of financial position. It was concluded that certain items needed to be 
reclassified in the prior year financial statements, as these reclassifications provide more relevant 
information on the nature of these assets and liabilities and results in more appropriate 
classifications. The reclassified items are discussed in detail below the table. Although the 
reclassifications to cash and cash equivalents, lease receivables, trade and other payables as well 
as interest-bearing borrowings are corrections to the incorrect classification applied previously it 
was not considered material and therefore the prior year financial statements have not been 
restated but only represented.

Prior year financial statements did not have to be restated as a result of the changes in the group’s 
accounting policies due to the adoption of IFRS 9 and IFRS 15. As explained in note 4.2, IFRS 9 
was adopted without restating comparative information. The adjustments arising from the new 
impairment rules are therefore not reflected in a restated statement of financial position as at 
31 December 2017, but are recognised in the opening statement of financial position on 
1 January 2018. As explained in note 4.3 below, IFRS 15 was also adopted without restating 
comparative information.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

25

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
4.

4.1

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION continued
Impact on the financial statements continued
The following table shows the reclassifications and adjustments recognised for each individual line 
item as per the statement of financial position. The reclassifications and adjustments are explained 
in more detail by standard below.

Statement of financial position (extract)
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment
Biological assets
Intangible assets
Investments in associates
Investments in joint ventures
Financial assets
–  Financial assets at fair value through other 

comprehensive income

31 December 2017
Previously
presented
Rm

 47 706 
 24 362 
 34 
 17 
 15 810 
 1 479 
 5 433 

Reclassi-
fications
Rm

 (46)

 (3 082)

 571 

–  Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
–  Loans to associates and joint ventures
–  Other financial assets at amortised cost
Lease receivables1
Deferred tax
Other non-current assets2
Current assets
Inventories
Financial assets
–  Other current financial assets at amortised cost
–  Derivative financial instruments
Trade and other receivables
Lease receivables3
Current tax receivable
Cash and cash equivalents4
Other current assets5
Non-current assets held-for-sale
Total assets
1  Lease receivables of R118 million were reclassified from non-current financial assets to non-current lease 

 10 936 
 1 055 
 48 

 3 910 
 62 552 

 28 
 6 606 

 3 199 

 72 

 2 964 
 (92)

 (586)
 4 

 51 
 439 

 (138)

receivables so as to improve the presentation of the item according to the nature of the asset. In addition, unearned 
finance income of R46 million was reclassified from non-current financial liabilities – finance leases to non-current 
lease receivables as the finance lease was previously presented on a gross basis instead of a net basis. 

2  An amount of R2 964 million was reclassified from non-current financial assets to other non-current assets so 
as to improve the presentation of the items according to the nature of the assets. Included in this amount is 
R1 268 million for an indemnification asset which arose on the acquisition of ECC, which is within the scope 
of IFRS 3 Business Combinations, as well as an amount of R1 692 million for an asset which relates to the 
reimbursement of the environmental rehabilitation provisions and the post-retirement employee obligations, 
which is within the scope of IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets. The remaining 
R4 million relates to a non-current prepayment.

3  Lease receivables of R14 million were reclassified from trade and other receivables to current lease 

receivables so as to improve the presentation of the item according to the nature of the asset. In addition, 
unearned finance income of R10 million was reclassified from non-current financial liabilities – finance leases 
to current lease receivables as the finance lease was previously presented on a gross basis instead of a net 
basis and the current portion was incorrectly included as non-current.

4  An amount of R51 million was reclassified from trade and other receivables to cash and cash equivalents as this is 

the interest accrued on bank balances and bank accounts that were incorrectly classified.

5  An amount of R521 million was reclassified from trade and other receivables to other current assets so as to 

improve the presentation of the items (such as VAT refundable, prepayments, royalties) according to the nature of 
the assets. In addition, an amount of R82 million was reclassified from trade and other payables to other current 
assets so as to correctly eliminate the intercompany insurance prepayment, the elimination entry was previously 
incorrectly classified as part of other payables.

26

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

31 December 2017

Re-presented
Rm

IFRS 9
Rm

IFRS 15
Rm

1 January 2018

Restated
Rm

 47 660 
 24 362 
 34 
 17 
 15 810 
 1 479 
 2 351 

 72 
 571 
 2 964 
 10 844 
 1 055 
 48 

 2 613 
 4 
 28 
 6 657 
 439 
 3 910 
 62 414 

 (2 351)

 152 
 1 391 
 128 
 678 

 2 

 (11)

 (48)
 48 
 4 
 (15)

 (11)

 47 660 
 24 362 
 34 
 17 
 15 810 
 1 479 

 152 
 1 391 
 128 
 678 
 72 
 573 
 2 964 
 10 833 
 1 055 

 48 
 4 
 2 598 
 4 
 28 
 6 657 
 439 
 3 910 
 62 403 

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

27

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
4.

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION continued
Impact on the financial statements continued

4.1

Statement of financial position (extract) continued

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
Capital and other components of equity
Share capital
Other components of equity
Retained earnings
Equity attributable to owners of the parent
Non-controlling interests

Total equity
Non-current liabilities
Interest-bearing borrowings
Non-current other payables1
Provisions 
Post-retirement employee obligations
Financial liabilities
– Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Deferred tax
Other non-current liabilities2
Current liabilities
Interest-bearing borrowings3
Trade and other payables
Provisions
Financial liabilities
– Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
– Derivative financial instruments
Current tax payable
Overdraft
Other current liabilities4
Non-current liabilities held-for-sale

Total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

31 December 2017
Previously
presented
Rm

Reclassi-
fications
Rm

 1 021 
 8 120 
 30 962 
 40 103 
 (738)

 39 365 
 17 409 
 6 480 

 3 864 
 227 
 850 

 5 988 

 4 127 
 2 
 3 237 
 95 
 371 

 368 
 54 

 1 651 

 23 187 

 62 552 

 33 

 89 

 (436)

 380 
 (171)
 66 
 (992)

 (62)

 817 

 (138)

 (138)

1  An amount of R89 million was reclassified from current trade and other payables to non-current other payables 

as the balance should have been presented as non-current due to it being payable after 12 months.

2  An amount of R380 million was reclassified from non-current financial liabilities to other non-current liabilities so 

as to improve the presentation of the item (such as deferred revenue) according to the nature of the liability.

3  An amount of R66 million was reclassified from trade and other payables to current interest-bearing borrowings 

as the balance relates to the interest accrued on the loans and bonds.

4  An amount of R62 million was reclassified from current financial liabilities to other current liabilities and an 
amount of R755 million was reclassified from trade and other payables to other current liabilities so as to 
improve the presentation of the items (such as deferred revenue, payroll related accruals and VAT payable) 
according to the nature of the liabilities.

28

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

31 December 2017
Re-presented
Rm

IFRS 9
Rm

IFRS 15
Rm

1 January 2018
Restated
Rm

 1 021 
 8 120 
 30 962 
 40 103 
 (738)

 39 365 
 17 442 
 6 480 
 89 
 3 864 
 227 
 414 

 5 988 
 380 
 3 956 
 68 
 2 245 
 95 
 309 

 368 
 54 
 817 
 1 651 

 23 049 

 62 414 

 (11)
 (11)

 (11)
 (2)

 (414)
 414 
 (2)

 2 

 (4)

 (309)
 309 
 6 

 (11)

 314 
 314 

 314 
 (252)

122
 (374)
 (62)

 (62)

 (314)

 1 021 
 8 120 
 31 265 
 40 406 
 (738)

 39 668 
 17 188 
 6 480 
 89 
 3 864 
 227 

 414 
 6 108 
 6 
 3 896 
 68 
 2 241 
 95 

 309 
 6 
 368 
 54 
 755 
 1 651 

 22 735 

 62 403 

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

29

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
4.

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION continued
Impact of adopting IFRS 9 

4.2

IFRS 9 replaces IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (IAS 39) for annual 
periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018. IFRS 9 brings together all aspects of accounting for 
financial instruments that relate to the recognition, classification and measurement, derecognition, 
impairment and hedge accounting.

The adoption of IFRS 9 from 1 January 2018 resulted in changes in accounting policies and 
adjustments to the amounts recognised in the financial statements. The new accounting policies are 
set out in note 4.2.3 below. Comparative information has not been restated in accordance with the 
transitional requirements of IFRS 9 which requires comparative information not to be restated (with an 
exception where it is possible to restate without the use of hindsight) but for disclosures to be made 
concerning the reclassifications and measurements as set out below.

The total impact on the group’s retained earnings as at 1 January 2018 is as follows:

Note

Rm

Closing balance at 31 December 2017 (IAS 39/IAS 18 Revenue (IAS 18))

 30 962 

Adjustments from the adoption of IFRS 9

Increase in impairment allowances for trade receivables

Increase in impairment allowances for financial assets at amortised cost

Increase in deferred tax assets relating to impairment allowances

Decrease in deferred tax liabilities relating to impairment allowances

Opening balance at 1 January 2018 (after IFRS 9 before IFRS 15 
restatement)

4.2.2

4.2.2

4.2.2

4.2.2

 (11)

 (7)

 (8)

 2 

 2 

 30 951 

4.2.1 Classification and measurement

IFRS 9 largely retains the existing requirements in IAS 39 for the classification and measurement of 
financial liabilities. However, IFRS 9 eliminates the previous IAS 39 categories of held-to-maturity, 
loans and receivables and available-for-sale financial assets.

The accounting for the group’s financial liabilities remains largely the same as it was under IAS 39. 
Similar to the requirements of IAS 39, IFRS 9 requires contingent consideration liabilities to be treated 
as financial instruments measured at fair value, with the changes in fair value recognised in profit or 
loss.

Under IFRS 9, on initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at:
– Amortised cost; 
– Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) debt investment; 
– FVOCI equity investment; or 
– Fair value through profit or loss (FVPL).

The classification of financial assets under IFRS 9 is generally based on the business model in which 
a financial asset is managed and its contractual cash flow characteristics. Derivatives embedded in 
contracts where the host is a financial asset in the scope of the standard are never separated. 
Instead, the hybrid financial instrument as a whole is assessed for classification.

30

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

4.

4.2

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION continued
Impact of adopting IFRS 9 continued

4.2.1 Classification and measurement continued

On 1 January 2018 (the date of initial application of IFRS 9), management assessed which business 
model applied to the financial assets held by the group and classified its financial instruments into 
the appropriate IFRS 9 categories. In addition, management assessed whether contractual cash 
flows on debt instruments were solely comprised of principal and interest based on the facts and 
circumstances at the initial recognition of the assets. The main effects resulting from this 
reclassification are as follows:

IAS 39 categories

IFRS 9 categories

At fair value 
through  
profit or loss

Financial  
assets1

Note

Held-
for-
trading
Rm

Desig-
nated
Rm

Loans 
and 
receiv-
ables 
at 
amortised
cost
Rm

Available-
for-sale 
financial 
assets at 
fair value
Rm

FVPL
Rm

Amortised 
cost
Rm

FVOCI 
equity 
instru-
ment
Rm

Closing balance 
at 31 December 
2017 (IAS 39) 
(Re-presented)2
Reclassify 
non-trading 
equities from 
available-for-
sale to FVOCI
Reclassify 
held-for-trading 
FVPL financial 
assets to FVPL
Reclassify 
designated 
FVPL financial 
assets to FVPL
Reclassify loans 
and receivables 
financial assets 
to amortised 
cost
Reclassify loans 
and receivables 
at amortised 
cost to a 
financial asset 
measured at 
FVPL

Opening  
balance at 
1 January 2018 
(IFRS 9)

a

b

b

c

d

 4   1 391 

 10 175 

 152 

 (152)

 152 

 (4)

 4 

 (1 391)

 1 391 

 (10 175)

 10 175 

 1 395 

 10 175 

 152 

1  The closing balances as at 31 December 2017 are prior to any adjustments made in terms of IFRS 9 and 

IFRS 15. The opening balances as at 1 January 2018 differ from the amounts disclosed in note 4.1 as this table 
illustrates the reclassification adjustments only and not the impairment adjustments.

2  Includes financial assets classified as non-current assets held-for-sale.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

31

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
4.

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION continued
Impact of adopting IFRS 9 continued

4.2

4.2.1 Classification and measurement continued

IAS 39 categories

IFRS 9 categories

At fair 
value through 
profit or loss

Held-for-
trading
Rm

Desig-
nated
Rm

Note

Financial 
liabilities 
at
amortised 
cost
Rm

Amortised 
cost
Rm

FVPL
Rm

e

e

f

 723 

 8 991 

 6 

 (6)

 (723)

 6 

 723 

 (8 991)

 8 991 

 729 

 8 991 

Financial 
liabilities1

Closing balance 
at 31 December 2017 
(IAS 39) (Re-presented)2

Reclassify held-for-trading 
FVPL financial liabilities to FVPL

Reclassify designated FVPL 
financial liabilities to FVPL

Reclassify financial liabilities to 
amortised cost

Opening balance at 
1 January 2018 (IFRS 9)

1  The closing balances as at 31 December 2017 are prior to any adjustments made in terms of IFRS 9 and IFRS 15. 
2 Includes financial liabilities classified as non-current liabilities held-for-sale.

The impact of the changes on the group’s equity is as follows:

Other components of equity1

Note

Closing balance at 31 December 2017 (IAS 39)

Reclassify non-trading equities from available-for-sale to FVOCI

a

Opening balance at 1 January 2018 (IFRS 9)

1 Reserves which were impacted by IFRS 9.

IAS 39

IFRS 9

Available-
for-sale 
re-
valuation 
reserve
Rm

 (74)

 74 

Financial 
asset 
FVOCI 
re-
valuation 
reserve
Rm

 (74)

 (74)

32

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

4.

4.2

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION continued
Impact of adopting IFRS 9 continued

4.2.1 Classification and measurement continued

(a) Reclassify non-trading equities from available-for-sale to FVOCI
The group elected to present in OCI changes in the fair value of the Chifeng equity investment 
previously classified as available-for-sale, because the investment is not expected to be sold in the 
short to medium term. As a result, an asset with a fair value of R152 million was reclassified from 
available-for-sale financial assets to financial assets at FVOCI and fair value losses of R74 million were 
reclassified from the available-for-sale revaluation reserve to the financial asset FVOCI revaluation 
reserve on 1 January 2018. 

(b) Reclassify held-for-trading and designated FVPL financial assets to FVPL
These reclassifications have no impact on the measurement categories.

(c) Reclassify loans and receivables financial assets to amortised cost
These reclassifications have no impact on the measurement categories.

(d) Reclassify loans and receivables at amortised cost to a financial asset measured at FVPL
An other receivable with a gross amount of R70 million was reclassified to a financial asset at FVPL as 
a result of the contractual cash flows not meeting the solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) 
criteria. In addition, the impairment allowance of R70 million was also reclassified. The fair value of the 
financial asset was determined to be nil.

(e) Reclassify held-for-trading and designated FVPL financial liabilities to FVPL
These reclassifications have no impact on the measurement categories.

(f) Reclassify financial liabilities to amortised cost
These reclassifications have no impact on the measurement categories.

4.2.2  Impairment of financial assets

IFRS 9 replaces the ‘incurred loss’ model in IAS 39 with an ‘expected credit loss’ (ECL) model. The 
new impairment model applies to financial assets measured at amortised cost, contract assets and 
debt investments at FVOCI, but not to investments in equity instruments. Under IFRS 9, credit losses 
(impairments) are recognised earlier than under IAS 39.

Under IFRS 9, expected credit loss allowances are measured on either of the following basis:
–  12-month ECLs: these are ECLs that result from possible default events within the 12 months after 

the reporting date; and

–  lifetime ECLs: these are ECLs that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a 

financial instrument.

The group has four types of financial assets that are subject to IFRS 9’s new ECL model, namely:
– Trade receivables for the sale of goods and rendering of services;
– Other receivables;
– Loans to joint ventures and associates; and
– Financial assets carried at amortised cost.

The group was required to revise its impairment methodology under IFRS 9 for each of these classes 
of assets. The impact of the change in impairment methodology on the group’s retained earnings and 
equity is disclosed in the first table of note 4.2 above.

While loans to joint ventures and associates as well as cash and cash equivalents are subject to the 
impairment requirements of IFRS 9, the identified impairment loss was immaterial.

(a) Trade receivables

The group applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring ECLs which uses a lifetime expected 
credit loss allowance for all trade receivables. To measure the ECLs, trade receivables have been 
grouped based on shared credit risk characteristics (corporate entities, small medium enterprises and 
public sector entities) and the days past due to assess significant increase in credit risk. 

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

33

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
4.

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION continued
Impact of adopting IFRS 9 continued

4.2

4.2.2

Impairment of financial assets continued

The impairment allowances as at 1 January 2018 for trade receivables are as follows:

More 
than 
30 days 
past due
Rm

More 
than 
60 days 
past due
Rm

More 
than 
90 days 
past due
Rm

 69 

 22 

 5 

 5 

 35 

 35 

Current
Rm

 2 458 

 6 

Total
Rm

 2 567 

 68 

Gross carrying amount

Impairment allowance

The impairment allowances for trade receivables as at 31 December 2017 reconcile to the opening 
expected credit loss allowances for trade receivables on 1 January 2018 as follows:

Impairment allowances

Closing balance at 31 December 2017 (IAS 39)

Amounts restated through opening retained earnings

Opening balance at 1 January 2018 (IFRS 9)

Rm

 61 

 7 

68

The expected credit loss allowances increased by a further R13 million to R81 million for trade 
receivables during the year ended 31 December 2018. The increase would have been R1 million 
lower under the incurred loss model of IAS 39.

Trade receivables are written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovery. Indicators 
that there is no reasonable expectation of recovery include, amongst others, the failure of a debtor 
to engage in a repayment plan with the group, and a failure to make contractual payments for a 
period of greater than 120 days past due.

(b) Other receivables and other financial assets at amortised cost

The group’s other receivables and other financial assets at amortised cost are considered to have low 
credit risk, and the expected credit loss allowance recognised during the period was therefore limited 
to 12 months’ expected losses. These instruments are considered to be low credit risk when they have 
a low risk of default and the issuer has a strong capacity to meet its contractual cash flow obligations in 
the near term. Applying the expected credit risk model resulted in the recognition of an expected credit 
loss allowance of R8 million on 1 January 2018 (previous impairment allowance was R70 million which 
was reclassified on 1 January 2018). The expected credit loss allowances increased by a further R51 
million to R59 million for other receivables and other financial assets at amortised cost during the year 
ended 31 December 2018. 

Impairment allowances

Closing balance at 31 December 2017 (IAS 39)

Amount reclassified on a financial asset classified as FVPL

Amounts restated through opening retained earnings

Opening balance at 1 January 2018 (IFRS 9)

Rm

 70 

 (70)

 8 

 8 

34

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

4.

4.2

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION continued
Impact of adopting IFRS 9 continued

4.2.3  Accounting policies applied from 1 January 2018

(a) Financial assets

(a.i) Classification

From 1 January 2018, the group classifies its financial assets in the following measurement 
categories:
– those measured subsequently at fair value (either through OCI, or through profit or loss); and
– those measured at amortised cost.

The classification depends on the group’s business model for managing the financial assets and the 
contractual terms of the cash flows.

For assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will either be recorded in profit or loss or OCI. 
For investments in equity instruments that are not held for trading, this will depend on whether the 
group has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for the equity 
investment at FVOCI.

The group reclassifies debt investments when, and only when, its business model for managing 
those assets changes.

(a.ii) Measurement

At initial recognition, the group measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a 
financial asset not at FVPL, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the 
financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at FVPL are expensed in profit or loss.

Financial assets with embedded derivatives are considered in their entirety when determining 
whether their cash flows are SPPI.

Debt instruments

Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the group’s business model for 
managing the asset and the cash flow characteristics of the asset. Currently there are two 
measurement categories into which the group classifies its debt instruments, as the group does not 
hold any debt instruments classified as FVOCI, as summarised in the table on the following page.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

35

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
4.

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION continued
Impact of adopting IFRS 9 continued

4.2

4.2.3  Accounting policies applied from 1 January 2018 continued

Category

Financial 
instruments

Amortised 
cost

–  Trade and 

other 
receivables
–  Loans to joint 
ventures and 
associates
–  ESD loans
–  Other 

financial 
assets

Business 
model and 
cash flow 
character-
istics

Financial 
assets that 
are held for 
collection of 
contractual 
cash flows 
where those 
cash flows 
represent 
SPPI.

FVPL 

–  Debt 

securities
–  Derivative 
financial 
assets

Financial 
assets that 
do not meet 
the criteria 
for 
amortised 
cost or 
FVOCI.

Movements in 
carrying amount

Derecognition

Impairment

Impairment 
losses are 
presented as a 
separate line 
item in the notes 
to the statement 
of 
comprehensive 
income. The 
impairment 
losses are 
considered to be 
immaterial and 
therefore it has 
not been 
presented as a 
separate line on 
the face of the 
statement of 
comprehensive 
income.

Debt instruments 
measured at 
FVPL are not 
subject to the 
impairment 
model in terms 
of IFRS 9.

Any gain or loss 
arising on 
derecognition is 
recognised 
directly in profit 
or loss and 
presented in 
operating 
expenses.

Interest income 
from these 
financial assets is 
included in finance 
income using the 
effective interest 
rate method.

Foreign exchange 
gains and losses 
are recognised in 
profit or loss.

Any gain or 
loss arising on 
derecognition 
is recognised 
directly in profit 
or loss and 
presented in 
operating 
expenses.

Gains and losses 
on a debt 
investment that 
is subsequently 
measured at FVPL 
is recognised in 
profit or loss and 
presented net 
within operating 
expenses in the 
period in which it 
arises.

Interest income 
is recognised in 
profit or loss.

36

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.

4.2

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION continued
Impact of adopting IFRS 9 continued

4.2.3

Accounting policies applied from 1 January 2018 continued

Equity instruments

Equity investments are subsequently measured at fair value. Where management has elected to 
present fair value gains and losses on equity investments in OCI, there is no subsequent 
reclassification of fair value gains and losses to profit or loss following the derecognition of the 
investment. Dividends from such investments continue to be recognised in profit or loss as income 
from financial assets when the group’s right to receive payments is established.

Changes in the fair value of financial assets at FVPL are recognised in operating expenses in the 
statement of comprehensive income as applicable. Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment 
losses) on equity investments measured at FVOCI are not reported separately from other changes in 
fair value.

(a.iii) Impairment

From 1 January 2018, the group assesses on a forward looking basis the ECLs associated with its 
debt instruments carried at amortised cost. The impairment methodology applied depends on 
whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.

ECLs are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the 
present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e. the difference between the cash flows due to the group in 
accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the group expects to receive). ECLs are 
discounted at the effective interest rate of the financial asset.

For trade receivables, the group applies the simplified approach permitted by IFRS 9, which 
requires lifetime ECLs to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables. Trade receivables 
are written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovery. Indicators that there is no 
reasonable expectation of recovery include, amongst others, the failure of a debtor to engage in a 
repayment plan with the group, and a failure to make contractual payments for a period of greater 
than 120 days past due.

For other financial assets measured at amortised cost, the ECL is based on the 12-month expected 
credit loss allowance. The 12-month expected credit loss allowance is the portion of lifetime 
expected credit loss allowances that result from default events on a financial instrument that are 
possible within 12 months after the reporting date. However, when there has been a significant 
increase in credit risk since origination, the ECL will be based on the lifetime expected credit loss 
allowances.

The group assumes that the credit risk on a financial asset has increased significantly if it is more 
than 30 days past due.

The group considers a financial asset to be in default when contractual payments are 90 days past 
due. However, in certain cases, the group may also consider a financial asset to be in default when 
internal or external information indicates that the group is unlikely to receive the outstanding 
contractual amounts in full before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the group.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

37

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
4.

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION continued
Impact of adopting IFRS 9 continued

4.2

4.2.3

Accounting policies applied from 1 January 2018 continued

(b) Loan commitments issued by the group

Undrawn loan commitments are commitments under which, over the duration of the commitment, 
the group is required to provide a loan with pre-specified terms to the counterparty. These contracts 
are in the scope of the ECL requirements of IFRS 9.

When estimating 12-month or lifetime ECLs for undrawn loan commitments, the group estimates the 
expected portion of the loan commitment that will be drawn down over 12 months or its expected 
life respectively. The ECL is then based on the present value of the expected shortfalls in cash flows 
if the loan is drawn down, based on a probability-weighting. The cash shortfalls include the 
realisation of any collateral. The expected cash shortfalls are discounted at an approximation to the 
expected effective interest rate on the loan.

4.2.4

Transition

Changes in accounting policies resulting from the adoption of IFRS 9 have been applied 
retrospectively, except as described below.

–  The group has taken an exemption not to restate comparative information for prior periods with 

respect to classification and measurement (including impairment) requirements. Therefore, 
comparative periods have not been restated. Differences in the carrying amounts of financial 
assets and financial liabilities resulting from the adoption of IFRS 9 are recognised in retained 
earnings and reserves as at 1 January 2018. Accordingly, the information presented for 2017 does 
not reflect the requirements of IFRS 9 but rather those of IAS 39.

–  The following assessments have been made on the basis of the facts and circumstances that 

existed at the date of initial application:
• The determination of the business model within which a financial asset is held
•  The designation and revocation of previous designations of certain financial assets and financial 

liabilities as measured at FVPL

•  The designation of certain investments in equity instruments not held for trading as at FVOCI

–  If an investment in a debt security had low credit risk at the date of initial application of IFRS 9, 

then the group has assumed that the credit risk on the asset had not increased significantly since 
its initial recognition.

38

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

4. 

4.3

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION continued
Impact of adopting IFRS 15

The revenue accounting policy has changed with effect from 1 January 2018 as a result of the 
group adopting IFRS 15.

IFRS 15 supersedes IAS 18 Revenue, IAS 11 Construction Contracts and related interpretations for 
annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018. IFRS 15 applies to all revenue arising from 
contracts with customers, unless those contracts are in the scope of other standards. IFRS 15 
establishes a comprehensive framework for determining whether, how much and when revenue is 
recognised, providing additional guidance in many areas not covered in detail under the previous 
revenue standards and interpretations. The standard requires entities to exercise judgement, taking 
into consideration all of the relevant facts and circumstances when applying the framework to the 
contracts with customers. The standard also specifies the accounting treatment for the incremental 
costs of obtaining a contract and the costs directly related to fulfilling a contract. IFRS 15 further 
includes extensive new disclosure requirements.

Refer note 4.3.3 for the group’s revised revenue accounting policy and note 7 for the disaggregated 
revenue disclosure required by IFRS 15.

In accordance with the transition provisions of IFRS 15, the group has adopted the standard 
applying the cumulative effect method. In terms of this method the group:
(a)  applied the new rules retrospectively, only to contracts with customers that were not completed 

by 1 January 2018 (the date of initial application); and

(b)  has adjusted the opening balance of retained earnings as at 1 January 2018, with the cumulative 

effect of the retrospective application (per (a) above).

Accordingly the comparative information presented for 2017 has not been restated, but presented 
as previously reported applying the previous revenue standards and interpretations.

The cumulative effect of the retrospective application on the group’s retained earnings 
as at 1 January 2018 is as follows:

Note

Rm

Opening balance at 1 January 2018 (after IFRS 9 before 
IFRS 15 restatement) (Refer note 4.2)

Adjustment from the adoption of IFRS 15 

Decrease in deferred revenue liability due to earlier recognition 
of revenue from a pricing adjustment

Increase in deferred tax liability relating to earlier recognition 
of revenue from a pricing adjustment

Opening balance at 1 January 2018 (after IFRS 9 and 
IFRS 15 restatements)

4.3.2 (a)

4.3.2 (a)

 30 951 

 314 

 436 

 (122)

 31 265 

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

39

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
4. 

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION continued
Impact of adopting IFRS 15 continued

4.3

4.3.1

Financial results for the year ended 31 December 2018 had IAS 18 been applied

The following tables present a comparison of the financial results as reported under IFRS 15 to what 
the financial results would have been in terms of IAS 18. 
Impact on the reviewed condensed group statement of comprehensive income 

 As reported

Adjustments1

Note

4.3.2
4.3.2

For the year ended  
31 December 2018

Revenue 
Operating expenses
Net operating profit
Finance income 
Finance costs 
Income from financial assets
Share of income of equity-
accounted investments 

Profit before tax
Income tax expense
Profit for the year from continuing 
operations
Profit for the year from discontinued 
operations 

Profit for the year
Other comprehensive income, 
net of tax

Total comprehensive income for 
the year

Profit attributable to:
Owners of the parent
Non-controlling interests

Profit for the year

Total comprehensive income 
attributable to:
Owners of the parent
Non-controlling interests

Total comprehensive income 
for the year

1 Adjustments comprise of:

Rm

 25 491 
 (19 788)
 5 703 
 283 
 (605)
 6 

 3 259 

 8 646 
 (1 653)

 6 993 

 69 

 7 062 

 246 

 7 308 

 7 030 
 32 

 7 062 

 7 276 
 32 

 7 308 

Rm

 (162)
 224 
 62 

 62 
 (17)

 45 

 45 

 45 

 45 

 45 

 45 

 IAS 182

Rm 

 25 329 
 (19 564)
 5 765 
 283 
 (605)
 6 

 3 259 

 8 708 
 (1 670)

 7 038 

 69 

 7 107 

 246 

 7 353 

 7 075 
 32 

 7 107 

 7 321 
 32 

 45 

 7 353 

–  a contract modification consideration that would be recognised as revenue over seven years under the 

previous revenue standards and interpretations (R62 million and tax of R17 million)

–  a reclassification of stock yard management service fee that would be recognised as a cost recovery in 

operating expenses under the previous revenue standards and interpretations (R224 million).

Refer 4.3.2 for details of the assessment.
2 Amounts without the adoption of IFRS 15.

40

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

4. 

4.3

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION continued
Impact of adopting IFRS 15 continued

4.3.1

Financial results for the year ended 31 December 2018 had IAS 18 been applied continued

Impact on the reviewed condensed group statement of comprehensive income continued

For the year ended 31 December 2018

cents

cents

As reported

Adjustments1

 IAS 182

cents

Attributable earnings per share 
Aggregate
– Basic
– Diluted

1 Adjustments comprise of:

 2 801 
 2 156 

 18 
 14 

 2 819 
 2 170 

–  a contract modification consideration that would be recognised as revenue over seven years under the 

previous revenue standards and interpretations (R62 million and tax of R17 million)

–  a reclassification of stock yard management service fee that would be recognised as a cost recovery in 

operating expenses under the previous revenue standards and interpretations (R224 million).

Refer 4.3.2 for details of the assessment.
2 Amounts without the adoption of IFRS 15.

Impact on the reviewed condensed group statement of financial position

At 31 December 2018
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Current assets
Non-current assets 
held-for-sale 

Total assets
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
Capital and other components 
of equity
Share capital
Other components of equity
Retained earnings

Equity attributable to owners 
of the parent
Non-controlling interests
Total equity
Non-current liabilities
Interest-bearing borrowings 
Other payables
Provisions 
Post-retirement employee 
obligations
Financial liabilities 
Deferred tax
Other non-current liabilities 

 As reported

Adjustments1

 IAS 182

Note

Rm

Rm

Rm

 52 226 
 7 641 

 5 183 

 65 050 

 1 021 
 8 028 
 32 797 

 41 846 
 (701)
 41 145 
 15 745 
 3 843 
 152 
 3 952 

 193 
 713 
 6 874 
 18 

 52 226 
 7 641 

 5 183 

 65 050 

 1 021 
 8 028 
 32 528 

 41 577 
 (701)
 40 876 
 15 952 
 3 843 
 152 
 3 952 

 193 
 713 
 6 769 
 330 

 (269)

 (269)

 (269)
 207 

 (105)
 312 

4.3.2 (a)

4.3.2 (a)

4.3.2 (a)
4.3.2 (a)

4.3.2 (a)
4.3.2 (a)

1  Relates to the reversal of the IFRS 15 initial application adjustment amounting to R314 million, net of tax, 
(refer to table in note 4.3) and the impact for the year ended 31 December 2018 arising from the contract 
modification consideration assessment of R45 million, net of tax, (refer note 4.3.2 (a)).

2 Financial results without the adoption of IFRS 15.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

41

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
4. 

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION continued
Impact of adopting IFRS 15 continued

4.3

4.3.1

Financial results for the year ended 31 December 2018 had IAS 18 been applied continued

Impact on the reviewed condensed group statement of financial position continued

At 31 December 2018

Current liabilities

Interest-bearing borrowings 

Trade and other payables

Provisions

Financial liabilities 

Current tax payable

Overdraft 

Other current liabilities 

Non-current liabilities 
held-for-sale 

Total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

Note

4.3.2 (a)

4.3.2 (a)

4.3.2 (a)

 As reported 
Rm

 6 823 

 573 

 2 960 

 70 

 757 

 209 

 1 531 

 723 

 1 337 

 23 905 

 65 050 

 Adjustments1 

Rm

 62 

 62 

 269 

 IAS 182 

Rm

 6 885 

 573 

 2 960 

 70 

 757 

 209 

 1 531 

 785 

 1 337 

 24 174 

 65 050 

1  Relates to the reversal of the IFRS 15 initial application adjustment amounting to R314 million, net of tax, 
(refer to table in note 4.3) and the impact for the year ended 31 December 2018 arising from the contract 
modification consideration assessment of R45 million, net of tax, (refer note 4.3.2 (a)).

2 Financial results without the adoption of IFRS 15.

4.3.2

Impact assessment of customer contract terms and conditions
The standard terms and conditions in the group’s contracts with customers result in the same 
revenue recognition under IFRS 15, as compared to IAS 18, except for the following specific 
contractual arrangements that had an impact on initial application:

(a) Contract modification consideration
A contract with a customer for the sale of goods has two distinct phases of delivery of the 
underlying goods. The contract was modified to include additional consideration over a period of 
seven years (referred to as the contract modification consideration).

Under IAS 18, the contract modification consideration was determined as a standalone revenue 
arrangement and would have been recognised as revenue over the seven-year period. Under IFRS 15, 
the contract modification consideration is assessed as a pricing adjustment that relates only to the 
goods delivered under the first phase of the contract, which was concluded at the end of the 2017 
financial year, and is therefore required to be allocated to the goods delivered under this phase. 
Accordingly, the revenue recognition of the contract modification consideration is recognised earlier 
under IFRS 15 than IAS 18. This adjustment has been made on the cumulative effect basis, with the 
adoption of IFRS 15, to opening retained earnings as at 1 January 2018.

42

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

4. 

4.3
4.3.2

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION continued
Impact of adopting IFRS 15 continued
Impact assessment of customer contract terms and conditions continued

(b) Stock yard management services
On certain contracts, the group was compensated in the form of a cost recovery for the rendering 
of stock yard management services.

Under IAS 18, up to 31 December 2017, these cost recoveries were accounted for in operating 
expenses as a cost recovery, as it was not seen as the main operation or revenue stream of the 
group. Under IFRS 15, however, the rendering of these services is seen as a separate performance 
obligation and forms part of the revenue of the group. Accordingly the income from the rendering of 
stock yard management services is presented as revenue separately from the corresponding cost. 
There is no impact on the profit or loss of the group as the accounting is similar to a reclassification.

4.3.3

Accounting policies applied from 1 January 2018

The group derives revenue from contracts with customers for the supply of goods and rendering of 
services.

Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer and 
excludes amounts collected where the group acts as an agent. If the group is an agent, then 
revenue is recognised on a net basis — corresponding to any fee or commission to which the group 
expects to be entitled. The group recognises revenue when it transfers control of the goods or 
services to a customer. 

The group has applied the practical expedient in IFRS 15.63 (which states that an entity is not 
required to reflect the time value of money in its estimate of the transaction price if it expects at 
contract inception that the period between customer payment and the transfer of goods or services 
will not exceed 12 months). Generally for contracts in the group, the period of time between delivery 
of goods or services and receipt of payment ranges between two weeks to 60 days which is less 
than 12 months. Accordingly, the group does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for 
the effects of a significant financing component. For the group, the total consideration in the service 
contracts will be allocated to all services per the contract based on their standalone selling prices. 
The standalone selling prices will be determined based on the listed prices at which the group sells 
the services in separate transactions.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

43

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
4. 

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RE-PRESENTATION OF 
COMPARATIVE INFORMATION continued
Impact of adopting IFRS 15 continued
Accounting policies applied from 1 January 2018 continued

4.3
4.3.3

Nature of goods and services
Below is a summary of the different types of revenue derived by the group depicting the standard 
terms and performance obligations for each type:

Revenue type
Coal (domestic 
supply)

Coal (export 
supply)

Ferrosilicon

Performance 
obligation
Delivery of coal at a 
contractually agreed upon 
delivery point
Delivery of coal at a 
contractually agreed upon 
delivery point (FOB)
Delivery of ferrosilicon at a 
contractually agreed upon 
delivery point

Biological goods Delivery of biological goods 

Stock yard 
management 
services
Other mine 
management 
services

at a contractually agreed 
upon delivery point
Rendering of stock yard 
management services over 
time 
Rendering of other mine 
management services over 
time 

Timing of when 
performance 
obligation is satisfied
On delivery (point in 
time)

Payment terms
Range: 15 to 60 
days

On delivery (point in 
time)

Range: 15 to 60 
days

On delivery (point in 
time)

Range: 15 to 60 
days

On delivery (point in 
time)

Range: 15 to 60 
days

As services are 
performed (over time)

Within 30 days

As services are 
performed (over time)

Within 30 days

5. 

SEGMENTAL INFORMATION 
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the 
chief operating decision maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing 
performance of the reportable operating segments. The chief operating decision maker has been 
identified as the group executive committee. Segments reported are based on the group’s different 
commodities and operations.

During the current financial year, the chief operating decision maker revised the manner in which the 
coal operations are reported on. The coal operations have been disaggregated based on the nature of 
the operations (commercial, tied and other) as well as geographical location, between the Waterberg 
and Mpumalanga regions.

The key changes to the coal reportable operating segment are:
– The commercial coal operations have been split by region into Waterberg and Mpumalanga
– The tied coal operation includes the Matla mine
–  Coal other operations have been added which include the remaining coal operations not reported 

on under the commercial or tied coal operations as well as Arnot and Tshikondeni (tied mines 
in closure).

44

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

5. 

SEGMENTAL INFORMATION continued
The export revenue and related export cost items have been allocated between the coal operating 
segments based on the origin of the initial coal production. The comparative segmental information 
has been represented to reflect these changes.

The reportable operating segments, as described below, offer different goods and services, and are 
managed separately based on commodity, location and support function grouping. The group 
executive committee reviews internal management reports on these operating segments at least 
quarterly.

Coal

The coal reportable operating segment is split between commercial (Waterberg and Mpumalanga), 
tied and other coal operations. Mpumalanga commercial operations include a 50% (2017: 50%) 
investment in Mafube (a joint venture with Anglo). The 10.82% (2017: 10.82%) effective equity 
interest in RBCT is included in the other coal operations. The coal operations produce thermal coal, 
metallurgical coal and SSCC.

Ferrous

The ferrous segment mainly comprises the 20.62% (2017: 20.62%) equity interest in SIOC (located 
in the Northern Cape province) reported within the other ferrous operating segment as well as the 
FerroAlloys operation (referred to as Alloys).

TiO2 
This segment has been renamed to TiO2 as the Alkali chemicals business was disposed of in 2017. 
Exxaro holds a 23.35% (2017: 23.66%) equity interest in Tronox Limited. The investment in Tronox 
Limited was classified as a non-current asset held-for-sale on 30 September 2017 (refer note 16). 
Exxaro holds a 26% (2017: 26%) equity interest in Tronox SA (both South African-based operations), 
as well as a 26% (2017: 26%) member’s interest in Tronox UK. The member’s interest in Tronox UK 
has been classified as a non-current asset held-for-sale on 30 November 2018 (refer note 16).

Energy

The energy segment comprises a 50% (2017: 50%) investment in Cennergi (a South African joint 
venture with Tata Power), which operates two wind-farms, as well as an equity interest of 28.98% in 
LightApp.

Other

This reportable segment comprises the 26% (2017: 26%) equity interest in Black Mountain (located 
in the Northern Cape province), an effective investment of 11.7% (2017: 11.7%) in Chifeng (located in 
the PRC), an equity interests in Curapipe of 13.7% (2017: 13.7%), a 26.37% equity interest in 
AgriProtein as well as the corporate office which renders services to operations and other 
customers. The Ferroland agricultural operation is also included in this segment.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

45

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
SEGMENTAL INFORMATION continued
5.
The following table presents a summary of the group’s segmental information:

For the year ended 31 December 
2018 (Reviewed)

External revenue 
Segment net operating profit/
(loss)

– Continuing operations
External finance income (note 9)
External finance costs (note 9) 
Income tax (expense)/benefit
Depreciation and amortisation 
(note 8)
Gain on disposal of subsidiary
Gain on disposal of operation
Cash generated by/(utilised in) 
operations
Share of income/(loss) of equity-
accounted investments (note 10)
– Continuing operations
Capital expenditure (note 12)

At 31 December 2018 (Reviewed)
Segment assets and liabilities
Deferred tax1
Investments in associates (note 13)
Investments in joint ventures (note 14)
Loans to joint ventures
External assets2
Assets
Non-current assets held-for-sale 
(note 16)

Total assets as per statement 
of financial position
External liabilities 
Deferred tax1
Current tax payable1
Liabilities
Non-current liabilities held-for-sale 
(note 16)

Total liabilities as per statement 
of financial position

Coal

Commercial

Waterberg
Rm

Mpumalanga
Rm

Tied
Rm

Other
Rm

 13 289 

 7 984 

 3 665 

 364 

 5 738 

 5 738 
 48 
 (47)
 (1 572)

 (1 204)

 1 429 

 1 429 
 33 
 (164)
 (302)

 (299)
 69 
 102 

 (966)

 (966)
 19 
 (47)
 378 

 250 

 250 

 (48)

 (13)

 6 955 

 1 490 

 99 

 (1 366)

 114 
 114 
 (1 832)

 (3 890)

 6 

 (53)

 1 237 

 8 059 
 9 302 

 9 302 
 2 631 
 866 
 5 
 3 502 

 1 337 

 1 062 
 1 009 

 1 009 
 757 

 (32)
 725 

 26 514 
 26 514 

 26 514 
 2 463 
 6 009 
 104 
 8 576 

 (36)
 (36)

 164 
 2 157 

 259 
 4 192 
 6 772 

 6 772 
 2 348 
 39 
 99 
 2 486 

 8 576 

 4 839 

 725 

 2 486 

1 Offset per legal entity and tax authority.
2  Excluding deferred tax, investments in associates and investments in and loans to joint ventures and  

non-current assets held-for-sale.

46

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

Ferrous

Alloys
Rm

Other

ferrous
Rm

TiO2
Rm

Energy
Rm

Other

Base

metals
Rm

 169 

 17 

 17 

 (4)

 (3)

 (3)

Other
Rm

Total
Rm

 20 

 25 491 

 (762)

 (762)
 183 
 (347)
 (105)

 (66)

 5 703 

 5 703 
 283 
 (605)
 (1 653)

 (1 582)
 69 
 102 

 60 

 (2)

 (212)

 7 024 

 2 592 
 2 592 

 492 
 492 

 61 
 61 

 70 
 70 

 8 

 1 
 9 511 

 2 185 

 265 
 273 

 25 
 9 537 

 2 185 

 5 183 

 141 
 332 

 818 

 473 

 818 

 273 
 23 

 9 537 
 5 

 7 368 

 473 

 818 

 23 

 23 

 5 

 5 

 (34)
 (34)
 (68)

 397 
 665 

 1 922 
 2 984 

 2 984 
 7 258 
 (40)
 33 
 7 251 

 3 259 
 3 259 
 (5 790)

 523 
 15 477 
 1 569 
 259 
 42 039 
 59 867 

 5 183 

 65 050 
 15 485 
 6 874 
 209 
 22 568 

 1 337 

 7 251 

 23 905 

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

47

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
SEGMENTAL INFORMATION continued
5.
The following table presents a summary of the group’s segmental information:

For the year ended 31 December 
2017 (Audited)(Re-presented)
External revenue 
Segment net operating profit/
(loss)

– Continuing operations
– Discontinued operations
External finance income (note 9)
External finance costs (note 9) 
Income tax (expense)/benefit
Depreciation and amortisation 
(note 8)
Gain on partial disposal of associate
Cash generated by/(utilised in) 
operations
Share of income/(loss) of equity-
accounted investments (note 10)
– Continuing operations
– Discontinued operations
Capital expenditure (note 12)
At 31 December 2017 (Audited)
(Re-presented)
Segment assets and liabilities
Deferred tax1
Investments in associates (note 13)
Investments in joint ventures (note 14)
Loans to joint ventures
External assets2
Assets
Non-current assets held-for-sale 
(note 16)
Total assets as per statement of 
financial position
External liabilities 
Deferred tax1
Current tax payable1
Liabilities
Non-current liabilities held-for-sale 
(note 16)
Total liabilities as per statement 
of financial position

Coal

Commercial

Waterberg
Rm

Mpumalanga
Rm

Tied
Rm

Other
Rm

 11 328 

 7 970 

 2 837 

 418 

 5 438 

 5 438 

 12 
 (50)
 (1 401)

 (970)

 1 046 

 1 046 

 28 
 (168)
 (155)

 (326)

 (603)

 (603)

 6 
 (36)
 246 

 128 

 128 

 (40)

 (12)

 6 389 

 1 138 

 182 

 (804)

 259 
 259 

 (677)

 (24)
 (24)

 39 

 6 

 91 
 2 193 

 1 105 

 6 068 
 7 212 

 385 

 7 597 
 1 838 
 757 
 25 
 2 620 

 1 651 

 4 271 

 971 
 977 

 3 364 
 5 648 

 977 
 649 

 649 

 5 648 
 2 468 
 49 
 50 
 2 567 

 649 

 2 567 

 (3 127)

 23 202 
 23 202 

 23 202 
 2 394 
 5 225 
 217 
 7 836 

 7 836 

1 Offset per legal entity and tax authority.
2  Excluding deferred tax, investments in associates and investments in and loans to joint ventures and  

non-current assets held-for-sale.

48

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

Ferrous

Alloys
Rm

Other

ferrous
Rm

TiO2
Rm

Energy
Rm

Other

Base

metals
Rm

 243 

 54 

 54 

 1 

 (13)

 (1)

 (1)

 5 085 

 5 085 

 (54)

 (2)

 3 303 
 3 303 

 3 860 

 (1 643)
 186 
 (1 829)

 (6)

 11 

 1 
 9 367 

 3 477 

 3 477 

 3 396 

 6 873 

 309 
 320 

 25 
 9 393 

 320 
 27 

 9 393 
 4 

 27 

 27 

 4 

 4 

 2 
 2 

 226 
 226 

 374 
 126 

 500 

 747 

 747 

 500 

 747 

Other
Rm

Total
Rm

 17 

 22 813 

 (5 087)

 (5 087)

 170 
 (574)
 (179)

 (85)

 6 060 

 975 
 5 085 
 217 
 (828)
 (1 542)

 (1 393)
 3 860 

 (23)

 6 826 

 2 123 
3 952
 (1 829)
 (3 921)

 571 
 15 810 
 1 479 
 126 
 40 518 
 58 504 

 (111)

 423 
 26 

 6 579 
 7 028 

 129 

 3 910 

 7 157 
 7 662 
 (43)
 76 
 7 695 

 62 414 
 15 042 
 5 988 
 368 
 21 398 

 1 651 

 7 695 

 23 049 

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

49

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
6. 

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
On 30 September 2017, Exxaro classified the Tronox Limited investment as a non-current asset 
held-for-sale (refer note 16). It was concluded that the related performance and cash flow 
information be presented as a discontinued operation as the Tronox Limited investment represents 
a major geographical area of operation as well as the majority of the TiO2 reportable operating 
segment. 

Financial information relating to discontinued operations is set out below:

Financial performance 

Losses on financial instruments revaluations recycled to  
profit or loss

Gains on translation differences recycled to profit or loss on partial 
disposal of investment in foreign associate

Loss on dilution of investment in associate

Operating profit

Gain on partial disposal of associate

Net operating profit

Dividend income

Share of loss of equity-accounted investment 

Profit for the year from discontinued operations

Cash flow information

Cash flow attributable to investing activities

Cash flow attributable to discontinued operation

For the year ended
31 December

2018
Reviewed
 Rm

2017
Audited
Rm

 (1)

 1 332 

 (106)

 1 225 

 3 860 

 5 085 

 (1 829)

 3 256 

 6 634 

 6 634 

 69 

 69 

 69 

 69 

50

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

7. 

REVENUE 
Revenue is derived from contracts with customers. Revenue has been disaggregated based on 
timing of revenue recognition, major type of goods and services, major geographic area and major 
customer industries.

For the year ended 31 December 
2018 (Reviewed)

 Waterberg 
Rm

 Mpumalanga 
Rm

 Tied 
Rm

 Other 
Rm

 Alloys 
Rm

 Other 
Rm

 Total 
Rm

 Coal

 Ferrous 

 Other 

 Commercial 

Segment revenue reconciliation

Segment revenue based on origin 
of coal production

Export sales allocated to selling 
entity

Total revenue from contracts 
with customers

By timing and major type of 
goods and services

Sale of goods at a point in time

Coal

Ferrosilicon

Biological goods

Rendering of services  
over time

Stock yard management services

Other mine management services

Other services

Total revenue from contracts 
with customers

By major geographic area of 
customer1

Domestic

Export

Europe

Asia

Other 

Total revenue from contracts 
with customers

By major customer industries

Public utilities

Merchants

Steel

Mining

Manufacturing

Cement

Other

 13 289 

 7 984 

 3 665 

 364 

 169 

 20 

 25 491 

 (1 796)

 (6 254)

 8 050 

 11 493 

 1 730 

 3 665 

 8 414 

 169 

 20 

 25 491 

 11 493 

 11 493 

 1 730 

 1 730 

 3 441 

 3 441 

 8 050 

 8 050 

 163 

 16 

 163 

 6 

 6 

 16 

 4 

 4 

 224 

 224 

 364 

 364 

 24 893 

 24 714 

 163 

 16 

 598 

 224 

 364 

 10 

 11 493 

 1 730 

 3 665 

 8 414 

 169 

 20 

 25 491 

 11 493 

 1 730 

 3 665 

 364 

 8 050 

 4 920 

 2 455 

 675 

 169 

 15 

 17 436 

 5 

 2 

 3 

 8 055 

 4 922 

 2 458 

 675 

 11 493 

 1 730 

 3 665 

 8 414 

 169 

 20 

 25 491 

 9 101 

 141 

 1 557 

 88 

 291 

 156 

 159 

 3 665 

 301 

 835 

 165 

 43 

 33 

 202 

 151 

 701 

 6 458 

 36 

 747 

 101 

 371 

 13 768 

 7 434 

 1 758 

 1 022 

 447 

 358 

 704 

 144 

 22 

 3 

 20 

Total revenue from contracts 
with customers

 11 493 

 1 730 

 3 665 

 8 414 

 169 

 20 

 25 491 

1 Geographic area is determined based on the customer supplied by Exxaro.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

51

 
NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
7. 

REVENUE continued

For the year ended 31 December 
2017 (Audited)
Segment revenue reconciliation
Segment revenue based on origin 
of coal production
Export sales allocated to selling 
entity
Total revenue from contracts 
with customers
By timing and major type of 
goods and services
Sale of goods at a point in time
Coal
Ferrosilicon
Biological goods
Rendering of services  
over time
Other mine management services1
Other services

Total revenue from contracts 
with customers
By major geographic area of 
customer2
Domestic
Export
Europe
Asia
Other

 Coal

 Ferrous 

 Other 

 Commercial 

 Waterberg 
Rm

 Mpumalanga 
Rm

Tied 
Rm

 Other 
Rm

 Alloys 
Rm

 Other 
Rm

Total
Rm

 11 328 

 7 970 

 2 837 

 418 

 243 

17

 22 813 

 (1  330)

 (5 688)

 7 018 

 9 998 

 2 282 

 2 837 

 7 436 

 243 

17

 22 813 

 9 998 
 9 998 

 2 282 
 2 282 

 2 837 
 2 837 

 7 018 
 7 018 

 243 

 243 

 418 
 418 

 10 

 10 

 7 

 7 

 22 388 
 22 135 
 243 
 10 

 425 
 418 
 7 

 9 998 

 2 282 

 2 837 

 7 436 

 243 

 17 

 22 813 

 9 998 

 2 282 

 2 837 

 418 
 7 018 
 3 670 
 2 629 
 719 

 243 

 17 

 15 795 
 7 018 
 3 670 
 2 629 
 719 

 243 

 2 282 

 2 837 

 2 837 

 7 436 

 9 998 

Total revenue from contracts 
with customers
By major customer industries
Public utilities
Merchants
Steel
Mining
Manufacturing
Cement
Other
Total revenue from contracts 
with customers
1 Reclassification of service revenue previously included as part of revenue from goods sold.
2 Geographic area is determined based on the customer supplied by Exxaro.

 8 086 
 74 
 1  135 
 137 
 325 
 153 
 88 

 1  209 
 4 911 
 44 
 685 
 97 

 950 
 652 
 143 
 31 
 46 
 187 
 273 

 9 998 

 7 436 

 2 837 

 2 282 

 490 

 243 

 243 

 17 

 22 813 

 13 082 
 5 637 
 1 322 
 1 096 
 468 
 340 
 868 

 22 813

 17 

 17 

52

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

 
8. 

SIGNIFICANT ITEMS INCLUDED IN OPERATING PROFIT 

Raw materials and consumables

Staff costs

Royalties 

Contract mining

Repairs and maintenance

Railage and transport

Depreciation and amortisation

Fair value adjustments on contingent consideration

Legal and professional fees

Net gains/(losses) on disposal or scrapping of property, plant 
and equipment

Expected credit losses

Gain on disposal of subsidiaries1

Gain on disposal of operation2

For the year ended 
31 December

2017 
Audited
Rm

 (3 058)

 (4 086)

 (143)

 (1 451)

 (1 749)

 (2 065)

 (1 393)

 (354)

 (510)

 (61)

2018
 Reviewed
Rm 

 (3 175)

 (4 622)

 (427)

 (1 818)

 (2 213)

 (1 787)

 (1 582)

 (357)

 (776)

 122 

 (64) 

 69 

 102 

1  During 2018 Exxaro concluded a sale of share agreement with Universal Coal Development IV Proprietary 
Limited for ECC’s 100% shareholding in Manyeka, which includes a 51% interest in Eloff. The transaction 
became effective on 31 July 2018. Exxaro received net cash of R5 million resulting in a gain on the disposal of 
subsidiaries of R69 million.

2  On 2 March 2018, Exxaro concluded a sale of asset agreement with North Block Complex Proprietary 

Limited (a subsidiary of Universal Coal plc) for certain assets and liabilities of the NBC operation. Though the 
Section 11 for the Paardeplaats right has not been granted yet, it was agreed with the buyer to conclude and 
close the transaction on 31 October 2018, on which date the proceeds of R17 million, relating to the Glisa 
and Eerstelingsfontein reserves, were received.

9.

NET FINANCING COSTS

Finance income

Interest income

Finance lease interest income

Commitment fee income

Interest income from loan to joint venture

Finance costs 

Interest expense

Unwinding of discount rate on rehabilitation cost

Recovery of unwinding of discount rate on rehabilitation cost

Finance lease interest expense

Amortisation of transaction costs

Borrowing costs capitalised1

Total net financing costs

1 Borrowing costs capitalisation rate:

For the year ended 
31 December

2018
 Reviewed
Rm 

 283 

 256 

 10 

 1 

 16 

 (605)

 (514)

 (408)

 158 

 (1)

 (27)

 187 

 (322)

10.13%

2017 
Audited
Rm

 217 

 207 

 10 

 (828)

 (600)

 (410)

 163 

 (3)

 (9)

 31 

 (611)

8.98%

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

53

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
10. 

SHARE OF INCOME/(LOSS) OF EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS

Associates

Unlisted investments

SIOC

Tronox SA

Tronox UK1

RBCT 

Black Mountain

AgriProtein 

LightApp

Curapipe

Joint ventures

Unlisted investments

Mafube 

Cennergi

For the year ended 
31 December

2018
 Reviewed
Rm 

2017 
Audited
Rm

 3 079 

 2 592 

 382 

 110 

 (36)

 70 

 (31)

 (5)

 (3)

 180 

 114 

 66 

 3 691 

 3 303 

 67 

 119 

 (24)

 226 

 261 

 259 

 2 

Share of income of equity-accounted investments

 3 259 

 3 952 

1  Application of the equity method ceased on 30 November 2018 when the investment was classified as a 

non-current asset held-for-sale.

11. 

DIVIDEND DISTRIBUTION
Total dividends paid in 2017 amounted to R2 227 million, made up of a final dividend of  
R1 284 million which related to the year ended 31 December 2016, paid in April 2017, as well as an 
interim dividend of R943 million, paid in September 2017. 

A special dividend of 1 255 cents per share (R3 149 million to external shareholders) was paid in 
March 2018, following the partial disposal of the shareholding in Tronox Limited. A final dividend 
relating to the 2017 financial year of 400 cents per share (R1 004 million to external shareholders) 
was paid in April 2018. An interim dividend of 530 cents per share (R1 330 million to external 
shareholders) was paid in September 2018.

54

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

11.

DIVIDEND DISTRIBUTION continued
A final cash dividend, number 32, for 2018 of 555 cents per share, was approved by the board of 
directors on 12 March 2019. The dividend is payable on 13 May 2019 to shareholders who will be on 
the register on 10 May 2019. This final dividend, amounting to approximately R1 393 million (to 
external shareholders), has not been recognised as a liability in these condensed annual financial 
statements. It will be recognised in shareholders’ equity in the year ending 31 December 2019.

The final dividend declared will be subject to a dividend withholding tax of 20% for all shareholders 
who are not exempt from or do not qualify for a reduced rate of dividend withholding tax. The net 
local dividend payable to shareholders, subject to dividend withholding tax at a rate of 20% 
amounts to 444 cents per share. The number of ordinary shares in issue at the date of this 
declaration is 358 706 754. Exxaro company’s tax reference number is 9218/098/14/4.

Issued share capital (number of shares)

Ordinary shares (million)

– Weighted average number of shares

– Diluted weighted average number of shares

12.

CAPITAL COMMITMENTS

Contracted 

Contracted for the group (owner-controlled)

Share of capital commitments of equity-accounted investments 

Authorised, but not contracted

At 31 December

2018
Reviewed

2017
Audited

 358 706 754 

 358 706 754 

 251 

 326 

 311 

 347 

At 31 December

2018
Reviewed 
 Rm

 4 508 

 3 533 

 975 

 2 914 

2017
Audited
Rm

 5 409 

 4 313 

 1 096 

 2 838 

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

55

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
13.

INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATES

At 31 December

2018
Reviewed 
 Rm

2017
Audited
Rm

Unlisted investments

SIOC

Tronox SA

Tronox UK1

RBCT

Black Mountain

AgriProtein2

LightApp3

Curapipe

 9 511 

 2 185 

 2 157 

 818 

 643 

 141 

 22 

Total carrying value of investments in associates

 15 477

 9 367 

 1 800 

 1 677 

 2 193 

 747 

 26 

 15 810 

1  The investment in Tronox UK was classified as a non-current asset held-for-sale on 30 November 2018 (refer 

note 16). 

2  On 31 May 2018 Exxaro entered into a share purchase agreement to obtain an equity interest in the 

shareholding of AgriProtein. The purchase price amounted to US$52.5 million, comprising an initial cash 
consideration of US$14.5 million (R184.2 million) paid on 1 June 2018 and deferred consideration amounting 
to US$38 million (R482.8 million) which will be paid over the next two years. The timing of the deferred 
consideration is dependent on AgriProtein’s capital expenditure requirements. Transaction costs of R6.6 
million were capitalised to the cost of the investment. AgriProtein is in the business of developing operating 
municipal organic waste conversion plants in order to generate high quality, natural protein which is sold for 
use in animal, aquaculture and pet feed.

3  On 18 September 2018 Exxaro entered into a share purchase agreement to obtain an equity interest in 

the shareholding of LightApp. The purchase price amounted to US$10 million, comprising an initial cash 
consideration of US$5 million (R71.9 million) paid on 27 September 2018 and deferred consideration 
amounting to US$5 million (R70.7 million) which will be paid over the next two years. Transaction costs of 
R0.6 million were capitalised to the cost of the investment. LightApp is one of the leading start-ups in the 
industrial energy analytic space.

14. 

INVESTMENTS IN JOINT VENTURES

Unlisted investments

Mafube1

Cennergi2

Total carrying value of investments in joint ventures

1 Included in financial assets is a loan to Mafube (refer note 20):

2 Included in financial assets is a loan to Cennergi (refer note 20):

At 31 December

2018
Reviewed 
 Rm

2017
Audited
Rm

 1 237 

 332 

 1 569 

 259 

 1 105 

 374 

 1 479 

 126 

56

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

15. 

OTHER ASSETS

Non-current

Reimbursements1

Indemnification asset2

Other non-current assets

Total non-current other assets

Current

VAT

Royalties

Prepayments

Other current assets

Total current other assets

Total other assets

At 31 December

2018
Reviewed 
 Rm

2017
Audited
Rm

 1 723 

 1 337 

 27 

 3 087 

 480 

 46 

 110 

 19 

 655 

 3 742 

 1 692 

 1 268 

 4 

 2 964 

 293 

 39 

 88 

 19 

 439 

 3 403 

1  Amounts recoverable from Eskom in respect of the rehabilitation, environmental expenditure and post-

retirement employee obligations of the Matla and Arnot mines at the end of life of these mines. 

2  Upon the acquisition of ECC in 2015, Total SA indemnified Exxaro from any obligations relating to the EMJV.

16. 

NON-CURRENT ASSETS AND LIABILITIES HELD-FOR-SALE
Tronox Limited

In September 2017, the directors of Exxaro formally decided to dispose of the investment in 
Tronox Limited. As part of this decision, Tronox Limited was required to publish an automatic 
shelf registration statement of securities of well-known seasoned issuers which allowed for the 
conversion of Exxaro’s Class B Tronox Limited ordinary shares to Class A Tronox Limited ordinary 
shares. From this point, it was concluded that the Tronox Limited investment should be classified 
as a non-current asset held-for-sale as all the requirements in terms of IFRS 5 Non-current assets 
held-for-sale and Discontinued Operations were met. As of 30 September 2017, the Tronox Limited 
investment, totalling 42.66% of Tronox Limited’s total outstanding voting shares, was classified as a 
non-current asset held-for-sale and the application of the equity method ceased.

Subsequent to the classification as a non-current asset held-for-sale, Exxaro sold 22 425 000 
Class A Tronox Limited ordinary shares during October 2017. On 24 May 2018, Exxaro obtained 
shareholder approval to sell the remainder of its shares in Tronox Limited. On 31 December 2018, 
management concluded that the investment continues to meet the criteria to be classified as a 
non-current asset held-for-sale in terms of IFRS 5. Exxaro continues to assess market conditions 
for further possible sell downs of the remaining 28 729 280 Class B Tronox Limited ordinary 
shares.

The Tronox Limited investment is presented within the total assets of the TiO2 reportable operating 
segment and is presented as a discontinued operation (refer note 6).

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

57

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
16. 

NON-CURRENT ASSETS AND LIABILITIES HELD-FOR-SALE continued
Tronox UK

During November 2018, Exxaro and Tronox reached an agreement in relation to the disposal of 
Exxaro’s 26% member’s interest in Tronox UK. It was concluded that Exxaro’s investment in Tronox UK 
should be classified as a non-current asset held-for-sale as all the requirements in terms of IFRS 5 have 
been met. As of 30 November 2018, Exxaro’s 26% investment in Tronox UK was classified a 
non-current asset held-for-sale and the application of the equity method ceased.

The Tronox UK investment is presented within the total assets of the TiO2 reportable operating 
segment.

EMJV

As part of the ECC acquisition in 2015, Exxaro acquired non-current liabilities held-for-sale relating to 
the EMJV. The sale of the EMJV is conditional on section 11 approval required in terms of the MPRDA 
for transfer of the new-order mining right to the new owners, Scinta Energy Proprietary Limited, as 
well as section 43(2) approval for the transfer of environmental liabilities and responsibilities. The 
EMJV remains a non-current liability held-for-sale for the Exxaro group on 31 December 2018, as the 
required approvals are still pending. The EMJV does not meet the criteria to be classified as a 
discontinued operation since it does not represent a separate major line of business, nor does it 
represent a major geographical area of operation.

The major classes of assets and liabilities classified as non-current assets and liabilities held-for-sale 
are as follows:

Assets
Property, plant and equipment 
Investments in associates
Deferred tax 
Inventories
Trade receivables
Current tax receivable
Cash and cash equivalents
Other current assets

Non-current assets held-for-sale
Liabilities
Non-current provisions 
Post-retirement employee obligations
Trade and other payables
– Trade payables
– Other payables
Shareholder loans
Current provisions
Other current liabilities
Non-current liabilities held-for-sale
Net non-current assets held-for-sale

At 31 December

2018
Reviewed 
 Rm

2017
Audited
Rm

 5 183 

 5 183 

 (1 320)
 (17)

 (1 337)
 3 846 

 282 
 3 396 
 9 
 133 
 39 
 27 
 14 
10

 3 910 

 (1 494)
 (22)
 (62)
 (54)
 (8)
 (18)
 (18)
 (37)
 (1 651)
 2 259 

58

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

17. 

INTEREST-BEARING BORROWINGS

Non-current1

Loan facility

Bonds issue

Preference share liability2

Finance leases

Current3

Loan facility

Bonds issue

Preference share liability

Finance leases

At 31 December

2018
Reviewed 
 Rm

 3 843 

 3 233 

 610 

 573 

 47 

 525 

 (1)

 2 

(Re-presented)
2017
Audited
Rm

 6 480 

 3 474 

 520 

 2 483 

 3 

 68 

 52 

 5 

 (5)

 16 

Total interest-bearing borrowings

 4 416 

 6 548 

Summary of loans and finance leases by period of redemption:

– Less than six months

– Six to 12 months

– Between one and two years

– Between two and three years

– Between three and four years

– Between four and five years

– Over five years

Total interest-bearing borrowings 

1  The non-current portion includes the following amounts in respect of 

transaction costs that will be amortised using the effective interest rate 
method, over the term of the facilities.

2  Capital redemption on preference share liability

3 The current portion represents: 

– Capital repayments

– Interest capitalised

– Reduced by the amortisation of transaction costs

Overdraft

Bank overdraft

 578 

 (5)

 (10)

 3 242 

 611 

 4 416 

 20 

 1 889 

 573 

 522 

 61 

 (10)

 1 531 

 67 

 1 

 509 

 (13)

 3 239 

 2 620 

 125 

 6 548 

44

 68 

 16 

 66 

 (14)

 54 

The bank overdraft is repayable on demand and interest payable is based on current South African 
money market rates.

There were no defaults or breaches in terms of interest-bearing borrowings during 2018 or 2017.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

59

 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
17.

INTEREST-BEARING BORROWINGS continued
Loan facility

The loan facility comprises a:

– R3 250 million bullet term loan facility with a term of five years (term loans)

– R1 750 million amortised term loan facility with a term of seven years (term loans) and

– R2 750 million revolving credit facility with a term of five years (revolving facility).

Interest is based on JIBAR plus a margin of 3.25% (31 December 2017: 3.25%) for the bullet term 
loan facility (R3 250 million), JIBAR plus a margin of 3.60% (31 December 2017: 3.60%) for the 
amortised term loan facility (R1 750 million) and JIBAR plus a margin of 3.25% (31 December 2017: 
3.25%) for the revolving credit facility (R2 750 million). The effective interest rate for the transaction 
costs on the term loans is 0.17% and 1.17% respectively (31 December 2017: 0.17% and 1.17%). 
Interest is paid on a quarterly basis for the term loans, and on a monthly basis for the revolving 
credit facility.

The undrawn portion relating to the term loan facilities amounts to R1 750 million 
(31 December 2017: R1 750 million). The undrawn portion of the revolving credit facility amounts to 
R2 750 million (31 December 2017: R2 750 million).

Bond issue

In terms of Exxaro’s R5 000 million DMTN programme, a senior unsecured floating rate note (bond) 
of R1 000 million was issued in May 2014. The outstanding bond comprises a R520 million senior 
unsecured floating rate note due 19 May 2019.

Interest on the R520 million bond is based on JIBAR plus a margin of 1.95% (31 December 2017: 
1.95%) and paid on a quarterly basis. The effective interest rate for the transaction costs for the 
R520 million bond was 0.08% (31 December 2017: 0.08%).

Preference share liability

The preference share liability relates to the consolidation of Eyesizwe. The preference share liability 
represents 249 069 Class A variable rate cumulative redeemable preference shares issued on 
11 December 2017 by Eyesizwe at an issue price of R10 000 per share. The preference shares are 
redeemable five years after the subscription date or earlier as agreed between the parties at 
R10 000 per share plus the cumulative preference dividends. The preference shareholders are 
entitled to receive a dividend equal to the issue price multiplied by the dividend rate of 80% of Prime 
Rate calculated on a daily basis based on a 365-day year, compounded per period and capitalised 
per period.

Subscription undertakings for the full value of the preference shares were secured at a total cost of 
R23.8 million. The preference share liability is measured at amortised cost and the transaction costs 
have therefore been included on initial measurement. The amount is amortised over the five-year 
period.

Finance leases

Included in the interest-bearing borrowings are obligations relating to finance leases for mining 
equipment.

60

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

18.

NET (DEBT)/CASH

Net (debt)/cash is presented by the following items on the 
statement of financial position:

Total net (debt)/cash

Non-current interest-bearing borrowings 

Current interest-bearing borrowings 

Net cash

– Cash and cash equivalents

– Cash and cash equivalents classified as held-for-sale

– Overdraft

At 31 December

2018
Reviewed 
 Rm

(Re-presented)
2017
Audited
Rm

 (3 867)

 (3 843)

 (573)

 549 

 2 080 

 (1 531)

 69 

 (6 480)

 (68)

 6 617 

 6 657 

 14 

 (54)

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

61

 
NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
18.

NET (DEBT)/CASH continued
Analysis of movement in net (debt)/cash:

 Liabilities from 
financing activities

Cash and
 cash 
equivalents/
overdraft 
Rm
 5 183 
 1 416 

 Non-current
interest-
bearing
borrowings
Rm 
 (6 002)
 (472)

Current 
interest-
bearing
borrowings
Rm
 (503)
 515 

Net debt at 31 December 2016
Cash flows

Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities
– Interest-bearing borrowings raised
– Interest-bearing borrowings repaid
–  Shares acquired in the market to settle share-based 

payments

– Repurchase of share capital
Non-cash movements
Amortisation of transaction costs
Preference dividend accrued
Transfers between non-current and current liabilities
Reclassifications to non-current assets held-for-sale
Translation difference on movement in cash and 
cash equivalents

Net cash at 31 December 2017 
(previously presented)
Reclassifications1
Net cash at 31 December 2017 (Re-presented)
Cash flows

Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities
– Interest-bearing borrowings raised
– Interest-bearing borrowings repaid
–  Shares acquired in the market to settle share-

based payments

– Dividends paid to BEE Parties
Non-cash movements
Amortisation of transaction costs
Preference dividend accrued
Interest accrued
Lease payable cancelled
Transfers between non-current and current liabilities
Translation difference on movement in cash and 
cash equivalents

Net debt at 31 December 2018

 3 326 
 4 451 
 (6 361)
 2 491 
 (2 534)

 (99)
 (6 219)
 (47)

 (14)

 (33)

 6 552 
 65 
 6 617 
 (6 110)

(54)
 (3 195)
 (2 861)
 14 
 (2 161)

 (467)
 (247)
 42 

 42 

 549 

Total
Rm
 (1 322)
 1 459 

 3 326 
 4 451 
 (6 318)

 (99)
 (6 219)
 (67)
 (9)
 (11)

 (14)

 (33)

 70 
 (1)
 69 
 (3 963)

 (54) 
 (3 195)
 (714)

 (467)
 (247)
 27 
 (27)
 (1)
 5 
 8 

 42 

 (472)
 (2 491)
 2 019 

 (6)

 (11)
 5 

 (6 480)

 (6 480)
 2 139 

 2 139 

 2 139 

 498 

 (1)

 5 
 494 

 515 

 515 

 (14)
 (9)

 (5)

 (2)
 (66)
 (68)
 8 

 8 
 (14)
 22 

 (513)
 (27)

 5 
 3 
 (494)

1  The reclassification to cash and cash equivalents and overdrafts consists of a R51 million reclassification 
adjustment for interest accrued on bank accounts and bank accounts that were incorrectly classified as 
well as a R14 million adjustment for the bank balance which was classified as a non-current asset held-for-
sale. The reclassification to current interest-bearing borrowings relates to the R66 million reclassification 
adjustment for interest accrued on the loans and bonds.

62

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

 (3 843)

 (573)

 (3 867)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19. 

OTHER LIABILITIES

Non-current

Income received in advance

Deferred revenue1

Total non-current other liabilities

Current

Deferred revenue1

Leave pay

VAT

Royalties

Bonuses

Other current liabilities

Total current other liabilities

Total other liabilities

At 31 December

2018
Reviewed 
 Rm

(Re-presented)
2017
Audited
Rm

 18 

 18 

 171 

 86 

 50 

 305 

 111 

 723 

 741 

 6 

 374 

 380 

 62 

 157 

 101 

 29 

 373 

 95 

 817 

 1 197 

1  During 2017, a deferred pricing adjustment was recognised in relation to a coal supply agreement which 
would be released to profit or loss over seven years. However, under IFRS 15 this was accelerated and 
recognised as part of the 1 January 2018 opening balances transition impact (refer note 4.3).

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

63

 
 
 
NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
20.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The group holds the following financial instruments:

Non-current
Financial assets
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive 
income
Equity: unlisted
–  Chifeng (previously classified as available-for-sale financial 

asset at fair value)

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Equity: listed
–  KIO (previously classified as designated at fair value 

through profit or loss)1

Debt: unlisted
–  Environmental rehabilitation funds (previously classified as 

designated at fair value through profit or loss)

Loans to associates and joint ventures
Associates
–  Curapipe (previously classified as loans and receivables 

at amortised cost)

Joint ventures
–  Cennergi (previously classified as loans and receivables 

at amortised cost)

– Mafube2

ESD loans3
Other financial assets at amortised cost
Environmental rehabilitation funds (previously classified 
as loans and receivables at amortised cost)
Deferred pricing receivable (previously classified as loans 
and receivables at amortised cost)4

Interest-bearing borrowings (excluding finance leases) 
Non-current other payables
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Contingent consideration (previously classified as designated 
at fair value through profit or loss)5
Financial liabilities at amortised cost
Deferred consideration payable6

At 31 December

2018
Reviewed 
 Rm

(Re-presented)
2017
Audited
Rm

 2 634 

 2 351 

 152 
 152 

 152 

 1 391 
 34 

 34 
 1 357 

 1 357 

 128 
 2 

 2 
 126 

 126 

 680 

 291 

 389 

 (6 477)
 (89)
 (414)
 (414)

 (414)

 185 
 185 

 185 

 1 432 

 1 432 

 1 432 

 250 

 250 

 250 

 80 
 687 

 351 

 336 

 (3 843)
 (152)
 (713)
 (488)

 (488)
 (225)
 (225)

64

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS continued

At 31 December

2018
Reviewed 
 Rm

(Re-presented)
2017
Audited
Rm

Current
Derivative financial assets (previously classified as held-for-
trading at fair value through profit or loss. Included under 
trade and other receivables in 2017)
Financial assets
Loans to joint ventures
– Mafube2
ESD loans3
Other current financial assets at amortised cost
Deferred pricing receivable (previously classified as loans 
and receivables at amortised cost)4
Deferred consideration receivable7
Employee receivables
Impairment allowances of other current financial assets 
at amortised cost

Trade and other receivables
Trade receivables
– Trade receivables – gross
– Impairment allowances of trade receivables
Other receivables
– Other receivables – gross
– Impairment allowances of other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents
Interest-bearing borrowings (excluding finance leases)
Trade and other payables
Trade payables
Other payables
Financial liabilities
Derivative financial liabilities (previously classified as 
held-for-trading at fair value through profit or loss. Included 
under trade and other payables in 2017)
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Contingent consideration (previously classified as designated 
at fair value through profit or loss)5
Financial liabilities at amortised cost
Deferred consideration payable6

 134 
 9 
 9 
 45 
 80 

 52 
 29 
 4 

 (5)

 3 140 
 2 971 
 3 052 
 (81)
 169 
 223 
 (54)

 2 080 
 (571)
 (2 960)
 (1 456)
 (1 504)
 (757)

 (1)
 (361)

 (361)
 (395)
 (395)

 4 
 48 

 48 

 48 

 2 609 
 2 506 
 2 567 
 (61)
 103 
 173 
 (70)

 6 657 
 (52)
 (2 239)
 (1 085)
 (1 154)
 (315)

 (6)
 (309)

 (309)

Overdraft
1 During 2018, the KIO shares were sold.
2  Loan granted to Mafube in 2018. The loan bears interest at JIBAR plus a margin of 4%, is unsecured and 

 (1 531)

 (54)

repayable within five years, unless otherwise agreed by the parties.

3 Interest-free loans advanced to applicants in terms of the Exxaro ESD programme.
4  An amount receivable in relation to a deferred pricing adjustment which arose during 2017. The amount 

receivable will be settled over seven years and bears interest at Prime Rate less 2%.

5  Relates to the ECC acquisition.
6 Deferred consideration payable in relation to the acquisition of the investment in AgriProtein and LightApp.
7 Relates to deferred consideration receivable which arose on the disposal of a mining right.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS continued
20.
The group has granted the following loan commitments:

Total loan commitment

Mafube1

AgriProtein2

Undrawn loan commitment

Mafube

AgriProtein

At 31 December

 2017
Audited
Rm

 2018
Reviewed 
 Rm

 1 221 

 500 

 721 

 971 

 250 

 721 

1 Revolving credit facility available for five years, ending 2023.
2 A US$50 million term loan facility available from 2020 to 2025.

20.1

Fair value hierarchy

The table below analyses recurring fair value measurements for financial assets and financial liabilities. 
These fair value measurements are categorised into different levels in the fair value hierarchy based on 
the inputs to the valuation techniques used. The different levels are defined as follows:
Level 1 –  quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the group 

can access at the measurement date.

Level 2 –  inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or 

liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 –  unobservable inputs for the asset and liability.

At 31 December 2018 (Reviewed)

Financial assets at fair value 
through other comprehensive 
income

Equity – unlisted

– Chifeng

Financial assets at fair value 
through profit or loss

Debt – unlisted

– Environmental rehabilitation funds

Financial liabilities at fair value 
through profit or loss

Non-current contingent consideration

Current contingent consideration

Derivative financial liabilities

Net financial assets/(liabilities) 
held at fair value

Fair value
Rm

Level 1
Rm

 Level 2 
 Rm 

Level 3
Rm

 185 

 185 

 185 

 1 432 

 1 432 

 1 432 

 (849)

 (488)

 (361)

 (1)

 767 

 185 

 185 

 185 

 (849)

 (488)

 (361)

 1 432 

 1 432 

 1 432 

 (1)

 1 431 

 (664)

66

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20.
20.1

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS continued
Fair value hierarchy continued

At 31 December 2017 (Audited)

Financial assets held-for-trading 
at fair value through profit or loss

– Current derivative financial assets

Financial assets designated at fair 
value through profit or loss

– Environmental rehabilitation funds

– KIO

Available-for-sale financial assets

– Chifeng

Financial liabilities held-for-
trading at fair value through profit 
or loss

–  Current derivative financial liabilities 

Financial liabilities designated at 
fair value through profit or loss

–  Non-current contingent 

consideration

– Current contingent consideration

Net financial assets/(liabilities) 
held at fair value

Fair value
Rm

Level 1
Rm

 Level 2 
 Rm 

Level 3
Rm

 1 391 

 1 357 

 34 

 4 

 4 

 1 391 

 1 357 

 34 

 152 

 152 

 (6)

 (6)

 (723)

 (414)

 (309)

 4 

 4 

 (6)

 (6)

 152 

 152 

 (723)

 (414)

 (309)

 818 

 1 391 

 (2)

 (571)

Reconciliation of financial assets and financial liabilities within Level 3 of the hierarchy

At 31 December 2016 (Audited)

Movement during the year

Losses recognised in other comprehensive income 
(pre-tax effect)2

Losses recognised in profit or loss

Settlements

Exchange gains recognised in profit or loss

At 31 December 2017 (Audited)

Movement during the year

Gains recognised in other comprehensive income 
(pre-tax effect)2

Losses recognised in profit or loss

Settlements

Exchange losses recognised in profit or loss

At 31 December 2018 (Reviewed)

 Contingent
consideration
Rm 

 (483)

Chifeng1
Rm

 178 

 (354)

 74 

40

 (723)

 (357)

 299 

(68)

 (849)

 (26)

 152 

 33 

185

Total
Rm

 (305)

 (26)

 (354)

 74 

40

 (571)

 33 

 (357)

 299 

(68)

 (664)

1  Before 1 January 2018, the Chifeng equity investment was classified as available-for-sale in accordance with 
IAS 39. From 1 January 2018, the Chifeng equity investment is classified at FVOCI in accordance with IFRS 9. 

2 Tax on Chifeng amounts to R12 million (31 December 2017: R12 million).

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS continued
20.
Fair value hierarchy continued
20.1

Transfers

The group recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy as at the end of the 
reporting period during which the transfer has occurred. There were no transfers between Level 1 
and Level 2 nor between Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the periods ended 
31 December 2018 and 31 December 2017, except for the environmental rehabilitation funds which 
were transferred from Level 1 to Level 2 as a result of not applying the look-through principle.

Valuation process applied by the group

The fair value computations of the investments are performed by the group’s corporate finance 
department, reporting to the finance director, on a six-monthly basis. The valuation reports are 
discussed with the chief operating decision-maker and the audit committee in accordance with the 
group’s reporting governance.

Current derivative financial instruments

Level 2 fair values for simple over-the-counter derivative financial instruments are based on market 
quotes. These quotes are assessed for reasonability by discounting estimated future cash flows 
using the market rate for similar instruments at measurement date.

Environmental rehabilitation funds

Level 2 fair values for debt instruments held in the environmental rehabilitation funds are based on 
quotes provided by the financial institutions at which the funds are invested at measurement date. 
These financial institutions invest in instruments which are listed.

20.2

Valuation techniques used in the determination of fair values within Level 3 of the 
hierarchy, as well as significant inputs used in the valuation models

Chifeng

Chifeng is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as there is no quoted market price or 
observable price available for this investment. This unlisted investment is valued as the present 
value of the estimated future cash flows, using a discounted cash flow model. The valuation 
technique is consistent to that used in previous reporting periods.

The significant observable and unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the 
investment in Chifeng are rand/RMB exchange rate, RMB/US$ exchange rate, zinc LME price, 
production volumes, operational costs and the discount rate.

68

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

20.
20.2

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS continued
Valuation techniques used in the determination of fair values within Level 3  
of the hierarchy, as well as significant inputs used in the valuation models continued

Chifeng continued

Sensitivity of 
inputs and 
fair value 
measurement1

Inputs

Sensitivity 
analysis of a 
10% increase 
in the inputs is
 demonstrated

 below2 
Rm

At 31 December 2018 (Reviewed)

Observable inputs

Rand/RMB exchange rate

R2.10/RMB1

RMB/US$ exchange rate

RMB6.56 to 
RMB7.01/US$1

Zinc LME price (US$ per tonne in real 
terms)

US$2 200.00 to 
US$2 474.72

Unobservable inputs

Production volumes 

85 000 tonnes

Operational costs (US$ million per annum 
in real terms)

US$60.59 to 
US$70.92

Strengthening
 of the rand 
to the RMB

Strengthening 
of the RMB 
to the US$

Increase in 
price of zinc
 concentrate

Increase in
 production
 volumes

Decrease in
 operational 
costs 

Discount rate

At 31 December 2017 (Audited)

Observable inputs

11.11%

Decrease in the
 discount rate 

Rand/RMB exchange rate

R1.90/RMB1

RMB/US$ exchange rate

RMB6.52 to 
RMB7.28/US$1

Zinc LME price (US$ per tonne in real 
terms)

US$2 100 to 
US$3 000

Unobservable inputs

Production volumes

85 000 tonnes

Operational costs (US$ million per annum 
in real terms)

US$58.46 to 
US$70.20

Strengthening 
of the rand 
to the RMB

Strengthening 
of the RMB 
to the US$

Increase in 
price of zinc
 concentrate

Increase in
 production
 volumes

Decrease in
 operational 
costs 

Discount rate

11.05%

Decrease in the
 discount rate 

 19 

 110 

 110 

 31 

 (83)

 (16)

15

100

100

29

 (75)

 (12)

1 Change in observable or unobservable input which will result in an increase in the fair value measurement.
2  A 10% decrease in the respective inputs would have an equal but opposite effect on the above, on the basis 

that all other variables remain constant.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

69

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS continued
20.
Valuation techniques used in the determination of fair values within Level 3 of the 
20.2
hierarchy, as well as significant inputs used in the valuation models continued

Chifeng continued

Inter-relationships

Any inter-relationships between unobservable inputs are not considered to have a significant impact 
within the range of reasonably possible alternative assumptions for all reporting periods.

Contingent consideration

The potential undiscounted amount of the remaining future payments that the group could be 
required to make under the ECC acquisition is between nil and US$60 million. The amount of future 
payments is dependent on the API4 coal price.

At 31 December 2018, there was an increase of US$25.4 million (R357 million) (31 December 2017: 
US$28.5 million (R354 million)) recognised in profit or loss for the contingent consideration 
arrangement.

Reference year

Minimum

Maximum

US$ million

API4 coal price range
(US$/tonne)

Future payment

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

 60 

 60 

 60 

 60 

 60 

80

80

80

90

90

10

25

25

25

35

The amount to be paid in each of the five years is determined as follows (refer table above):
–  If the average API4 price in the reference year is below the minimum API4 price of the agreed 

range, then no payment will be made

–  If the average API4 price falls within the range, then the amount to be paid is determined based on 

a formula contained in the agreement

–  If the average API4 price is above the maximum API4 price of the range, then Exxaro is liable for 

the full amount due for that reference year.

An additional payment to Total S.A. amounting to R299 million was required for the 2017 reference 
year and R74 million was required for the 2016 reference year as the API4 price was within the 
agreed range. No additional payment to Total S.A. was required for the 2015 reference year as the 
API4 price was below the range.

The contingent consideration is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as there is no 
quoted market price or observable price available for this financial instrument. This financial 
instrument is valued as the present value of the estimated future cash flows, using a discounted 
cash flow model.

The significant observable and unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of this 
financial instrument are rand/US$ exchange rate, API4 export price and the discount rate.

70

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

20.
20.2

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS continued
Valuation techniques used in the determination of fair values within Level 3 of the 
hierarchy, as well as significant inputs used in the valuation models continued

Contingent consideration continued

Sensitivity of 
inputs and 
fair value 
measurement1

Inputs

Sensitivity 
analysis of a 
10% increase 
in the inputs is
 demonstrated

 below2 
Rm

At 31 December 2018 (Reviewed)

Observable inputs

Rand/US$ exchange rate

R14.43/US$1

API4 export price (price per tonne)3

Unobservable inputs

Discount rate

At 31 December 2017 (Audited)

Observable inputs

API4 export price (price per tonne)

Unobservable inputs

Discount rate

Rand/US$ exchange rate

R12.37/US$1

Strengthening 
of the rand 
to the US$

Increase in 
API4 export 
price per tonne

US$90.00 to 
US$98.10

3.44%

Decrease in the
 discount rate

Strengthening 
of the rand 
to the US$

Increase in 
API4 export 
price per tonne

US$74.41 to
 US$84.35

3.44%

Decrease in the
 discount rate

 85 

 (16)

72

180

 (19)

1  Change in observable or unobservable input which will result in an increase in the fair value measurement.
2  A 10% decrease in the respective inputs would have an equal but opposite effect on the above, except for the 
API4 export price which would result in a decrease of R167 million (31 December 2017: R245 million), on the 
basis that all other variables remain constant. 

3  A 10% increase in the API4 export price would not have an impact on the fair value of the contingent 

consideration as the API4 export price is in excess of the maximum API4 coal price range.

Inter-relationships

Any inter-relationships between unobservable inputs are not considered to have a significant impact 
within the range of reasonably possible alternative assumptions for all reporting periods.

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

71

NOTES TO THE REVIEWED CONDENSED GROUP 
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
21. 

CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Pending litigation and other claims1

Operational guarantees2

– Guarantees ceded to the DMR

– Other operational guarantees

Share of contingent liabilities of equity-accounted investments3

Total contingent liabilities

At 31 December

2018
Reviewed 
 Rm

 1 155 

 3 062 

 2 971 

 91 

 726 

 4 943 

2017
Audited
Rm

 876 

 3 346 

 2 918 

 428 

 1 084 

 5 306 

1 Consists of legal cases as well as tax disputes with Exxaro as defendant.  
2  Includes guarantees to banks and other institutions in the normal course of business from which it is 

anticipated that no material liabilities will arise. 

3  Mainly operational guarantees issued by financial institutions relating to environmental rehabilitation and 

closure costs. The decrease mainly relates to Cennergi guarantees cancelled after construction was finalised 
and the liabilities settled.

The timing and occurrence of any possible outflows of the contingent liabilities above are uncertain.

SARS

On 18 January 2016, Exxaro received a letter of audit findings from SARS following an international 
income tax audit for the years of assessment 2009 to 2013. According to the letter, SARS proposed 
that certain international Exxaro companies would be subject to South African income tax under 
section 9D of the Income Tax Act. 

Assessments to the amount of R442 million (R199 million tax payable, R91 million interest and 
R152 million penalties) were issued on 30 March 2016 and Exxaro formally objected against these 
assessments. These assessments were subsequently reduced by SARS to R246 million (including 
interest and penalties). A resolution hearing with SARS was held on 18 July 2017 but the parties 
could not settle the matter. Notice was given to refer the matter to the Tax Court and a court date of 
4 March 2019 was allocated to Exxaro which was subsequently postponed to 15 March 2019.

These assessments have been considered in consultation with external tax and legal advisers and 
senior counsel. Exxaro believes this matter has been treated appropriately by disclosing a 
contingent liability for the amount under dispute.

22. 

23.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The group entered into various sale and purchase transactions with associates and joint ventures 
during the ordinary course of business. These transactions were subject to terms that are no less, 
nor more favourable than those arranged with independent third parties.

GOING CONCERN
Based on the latest results for the year ended 31 December 2018, the latest board approved budget 
for 2019, as well as the available banking facilities and cash generating capability, Exxaro satisfies 
the criteria of a going concern.

72

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

24. 

25.

26. 

JSE LISTINGS REQUIREMENTS
The condensed annual financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Listings 
Requirements of the JSE. 

EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD
Details of the final dividend are provided in note 11. 

The group entered into the following transactions subsequent to 31 December 2018:
–  On 15 February 2019, Exxaro received a cash dividend of R460 million from Tronox UK and 

Exxaro's 26% membership interest was redeemed for an amount of R1 597 million.

–  On 22 February 2019, Exxaro signed a transfer agreement with the Arnot OpCo Proprietary 

Limited consortium, whose shareholders are former employees of Arnot and Wescoal, for the 
transfer of the Arnot mine. This transfer is subject to regulatory and three party approvals.

The directors are not aware of any other significant matter or circumstance arising after the 
reporting period up to the date of this report, not otherwise dealt with in this report.

REVIEW CONCLUSION
These reviewed condensed group annual financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2018, as set out on pages 16 to 73, have been reviewed by the company’s external 
auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers Inc., who expressed an unmodified review conclusion. A copy of 
the auditor’s review report on the condensed group annual financial statements is available for 
inspection at Exxaro’s registered office, together with the financial statements identified in the 
auditor’s report.

27.

KEY MEASURES1

Closing share price (rand per share)

Market capitalisation (Rbn)

Average rand/US$ exchange rate (for the year ended)

Closing rand/US$ spot exchange rate 

1 Non-IFRS numbers.

At 31 December

2018

 137.87 

 49.45 

 13.24 

 14.43 

2017

 162.50 

 58.29 

 13.30 

 12.37 

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

73

CORPORATE INFORMATION

REGISTERED OFFICE
Exxaro Resources Limited
Roger Dyason Road
Pretoria West, 0183
Tel: +27 12 307 5000
Fax: +27 12 323 3400

This report is available at: www.exxaro.com

DIRECTORS
J van Rooyen*** (chairman), MDM Mgojo* (chief executive officer), PA Koppeschaar* (finance director), 
GJ Fraser-Moleketi (lead independent director)***, MW Hlahla**, D Mashile-Nkosi**, L Mbatha**, 
VZ Mntambo**, MJ Moffett***, LI Mophatlane***, EJ Myburgh***, V Nkonyeni***, A Sing***, PCCH Snyders***

*Executive
**Non-executive
***Independent non-executive

PREPARED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF:
PA Koppeschaar CA(SA)
SAICA registration number: 00038621

GROUP COMPANY SECRETARY
SE van Loggerenberg

TRANSFER SECRETARIES
Computershare Investor Services Proprietary Limited
Rosebank Towers
13 Biermann Avenue
Rosebank, 2196
PO Box 61051
Marshalltown, 2107

INVESTOR RELATIONS
MI Mthenjane (+27 12 307 7393)

SPONSOR
Absa Bank Limited (acting through its Corporate and Investment Bank Division)
Tel: +27 11 895 6000

EXXARO RESOURCES LIMITED
(Incorporated in the Republic of South Africa)
Registration number: 2000/011076/06
JSE share code: EXX
ISIN: ZAE000084992
ADR code: EXXAY
(“Exxaro” or “the company” or “the group”)

If you have any queries regarding your shareholding in Exxaro Resources Limited, please contact the 
transfer secretaries at +27 11 370 5000.

74

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

ANNEXURE: ACRONYMS

AgriProtein
Anglo
API4
B-BBEE
BEE
BEE Parties
Black Mountain
Cennergi
CFR
Chifeng
Cps
Curapipe
DCM
DEA
DMR
DMTN
EBITDA

ECC
ECL(s)
Eloff
EMJV
ESD
ESG
Eyesizwe

FOB
FVOCI
FVPL
HDSA

HEPS
IAS
IASB
IFRS
JIBAR
JSE
kcal
KIO
Kt

AgriProtein Holdings UK Limited
Anglo South Africa Capital Proprietary Limited
All publications index 4 (FOB Richards Bay 6000kcal/kg)
Broad-based black economic empowerment
Black Economic Empowerment
External shareholders of Eyesizwe
Black Mountain Proprietary Limited
Cennergi Proprietary Limited
Cost and freight
Chifeng Kumba Hongye Corporation Limited
Cents per share
Curapipe Systems Limited
Dorstfontein
Department of Environmental Affairs
Department of Mineral Resources
Domestic medium term note
Earnings before interest and tax, depreciation, amortisation, impairment 
charges and net loss or gain on the disposal of investments and assets
Exxaro Coal Central Proprietary Limited
Expected credit loss(es)
Eloff Mining Company Proprietary Limited
Ermelo joint venture
Enterprise and supplier development
Environmental, Social and Governance
Eyesizwe (RF) Proprietary Limited, special purpose private company 
which has a 30% shareholding in Exxaro
Free on board 
Fair value through other comprehensive income
Fair value through profit or loss
The meaning given to it, or any equivalent or replacement term, in the 
broad-based socio-economic empowerment charter for the South African 
Mining Industry, developed under section 100 of the MPRDA, as amended 
or replaced from time to time
Headline earnings per share
International Accounting Standard
International Accounting Standards Board
International Financial Reporting Standard(s)
Johannesburg Interbank Average Rate
JSE Limited
kilocalorie
Kumba Iron Ore Limited
Kilo tonnes

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018 

75

ANNEXURE: ACRONYMS CONTINUED

LightApp
LME
LOM
LTIFR
Mafube
Main Street 333
Manyeka
Mpower 2012
MPRDA
Mt
Mtpa
NBC
NCI
NEMA
OCI
PRC
Prime Rate
Rb 
RB1
RBCT
Replacement BEE Transaction

Rm 
RMB
SAICA
SARS
SIOC
SPPI
SSCC
Tata Power
TiO2
Tronox
Tronox SA

Tronox UK
UK
Universal
US$
VAT

LightApp Technologies Limited
London Metal Exchange
Life of Mine
Lost-time injury frequency rate
Mafube Coal Proprietary Limited
Main Street 333 Proprietary Limited
Manyeka Coal Mines Proprietary Limited
Exxaro Employee Empowerment Trust
Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 
Million tonnes 
Million tonnes per annum
North Block Complex
Non-controlling interests
National Environmental Management Act, 1998 
Other comprehensive income
Peoples Republic of China
South African prime bank rate
Rand billion
Richards Bay export product 1
Richards Bay Coal Terminal Proprietary Limited
BEE transaction which was implemented in 2017 and resulted in 
Exxaro being held 30% by HDSAs
Rand million
Chinese Renminbi
South African Institute of Chartered Accountants
South African Revenue Service
Sishen Iron Ore Company Proprietary Limited
Solely payments of principal and interest
Semi-soft coking coal
Tata Power Company Limited
Titanium dioxide
Exxaro’s investment in Tronox entities
Tronox KZN Sands Proprietary Limited and Tronox Mineral Sands 
Proprietary Limited
Tronox Sands Limited Liability Partnership in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Universal Coal Development IV Proprietary Limited
United States Dollar
Value Added Tax

76

Reviewed condensed group annual financial statements and unreviewed production  
and sales volumes information for the year ended 31 December 2018