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First Bancorp

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FY2016 Annual Report · First Bancorp
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First Bancorp
Annual Report  
2016

Invigorated Growth

Selected Financial Data

Years Ended December 31 
($ in thousands except share data)

2016

2015

CHANGE 2015   
TO 2016

SELECTED INCOME STATEMENT DATA

Net interest income

Provision (reversal) for loan losses

Noninterest income

Noninterest expenses

Income taxes

Net income

Preferred stock dividends

Net income - common shareholders

PER SHARE DATA

Earnings per common share - basic

Earnings per common share - diluted

Cash dividends declared - common

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Market Price:

  High

  Low

  Close

Book value - common

Tangible book value - common

SELECTED BALANCE SHEET DATA

(at year end)

Assets

Loans

Deposits

Shareholders’ Equity

PERFORMANCE RATIOS

Return on average assets

Return on average common equity

NONFINANCIAL DATA

Common shares outstanding

Number of branches

Number of employees - full/part time

3.0%

-97.1%

36.2%

8.9%

3.5%

1.8%

-71.0%

3.4%

2.2%

2.3%

0.0%

43.0%

14.3%

44.8%

4.1%

2.1%

7.5%

7.6%

4.8%

7.6%

-2.4%

-3.9%

 $   123,380 

 119,747

 (23)

 25,551 

 106,821 

 14,624

 27,509

 175 

 27,334 

 $      1.37 

 1.33 

 0.32 

 28.49

 17.15 

 27.14

 17.66

 13.85 

 (780)

 18,764 

 98,131 

 14,126 

 27,034 

 603 

 26,431 

 1.34 

 1.30 

 0.32 

 19.92 

 15.00 

 18.74 

 16.96 

 13.56 

  $ 3,614,862 

 2,710,712 

 2,947,353 

 368,101 

 3,362,065 

 2,518,926 

 2,811,285 

 342,190 

0.80%

7.73%

0.82%

8.04%

 20,844,505 

 19,747,509 

88

806/55

88

783/57

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Dear Shareholders,  
Customers and Friends,

The year ended December 31, 2016 was another outstanding 
year for our company. Earnings growth continued, while 
we also achieved a number of important initiatives that 
position the company well for the future. And importantly, 
our shareholders experienced an excellent return on their 
investment for the year, with a total return of 47.1%.

For the twelve months ended December 31, 2016, we earned 
$27.3 million, or $1.33 per diluted common share, which was 
a 2.3% increase from the $26.4 million, or $1.30 per diluted 
common share, earned in 2015. Earnings for 2016 were 
impacted by a charge we recorded associated with our exit from 
FDIC loss share agreements and merger-related expenses, the 
effects of which were partially offset by a gain recorded related 
to an exchange of branches. Each of these items is described 
more below. Our earnings for the fourth quarter of 2016 were 
absent of any significant unusual items and were excellent, 
amounting to $8.4 million, or $0.40 per diluted common share,  
a 21.2% increase from the fourth quarter of 2015.

In addition to the strong earnings, we achieved good balance 
sheet growth in 2016, reflecting the ongoing success of 
several growth initiatives. Total loans increased 7.6% during 
the year and amounted to $2.7 billion at year end. Deposits 
grew by 4.8%, with transaction accounts, our lowest cost 
source of funds, growing by 8.3%. 

Our Continued Expansion

Beginning in 2015, we began an initiative to expand into high 
growth markets of North Carolina. We commenced with the 
opening of a full service branch in Fayetteville, North Carolina. 
Fayetteville is the sixth largest city in North Carolina and 
is close to our Southern Pines headquarters. Fayetteville’s 
economy is strong, and in October 2015, we opened a full 
service branch there with seasoned bankers in place. This 
branch has prospered, and we expect future growth in  
this market for years to come.

In 2016, we continued our expansion plans with investments 
in Charlotte, Raleigh and the Triad area of North Carolina. 
Several seasoned bankers joined our bank and have 
successfully led our expansion efforts in these attractive 

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Richard H. Moore

C E O   F I R S T   B A N C O R P

“In addition to the 
strong earnings, 
we achieved 
good balance 
sheet growth in 
2016, reflecting 
the ongoing 
success of several 
growth initiatives.”

 
Since 1935, we’ve served 
our communities with 
uncompromising excellence.

First Bank’s Legacy

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All Systems Go.

B U I L D I N G   S P E E D 

This past year and the one ahead reflect 

the bank moving ahead at full throttle. 

New locations include Winston-Salem, 

Huntersville, Charlotte, Greenville, and 

Raleigh. And in markets like Rockingham 

and Washington, we renovated spaces to 

reflect the positive energy and momentum 

of a community bank on the rise. 

N E W   B R A N C H E S ,   
N E W   P O S S I B I L I T I E S 

In an update to the US News & World 

Report Best Place to Live Rankings, the 

Raleigh-Durham area came in at #7 and 

Charlotte closely followed at #14. With the 

new branch opening in Charlotte in 2016 

03

and the Raleigh loan office’s transition 

to a branch later in 2017, First Bank is 

making headway into metro markets that 

are growing in population and potential. 

W I N S T O N - S A L E M

R A L E I G H

H U N T E R S V I L L E

C H A R L O T T E

G R E E N V I L L E

markets. We opened our first full service branch in 
Charlotte in August 2016, after the success of a loan 
production office opened there in 2015. In Raleigh, we 
opened a loan production office early in 2016 and are 
upgrading our capabilities in the state’s capital with 
a full service branch later this year. In the Triad, which 
includes Greensboro, High Point and Winston-Salem, 
experienced bankers joined us in early 2016 as we 
opened a loan production office in Greensboro. Our 
expansion into this market was significantly enhanced 
by two strategic transactions that I will now discuss.

A Win-Win

In March 2016, we announced an agreement to 
exchange our seven Virginia branches for six  
North Carolina branches of a community bank with 
a large Virginia presence. Four of the six branches 
we assumed were in Winston-Salem, with the other 
two branches located in the Charlotte-metro markets 
of Mooresville and Huntersville. The Winston-Salem 
branches we assumed were a nice fit for our new 
Triad expansion initiative, while the Mooresville and 
Huntersville branches worked well with our Charlotte 
expansion. This transaction resulted in our exit from 
Virginia, which was a good market for our bank but 
created challenges due to the distant proximity to 
our core market. We recorded a gain of $1.4 million 
related to this exchange.

Addition by Acquisition

In June 2016, we announced an agreement to acquire 
Carolina Bank Holdings, Inc., the parent company of 
Carolina Bank. Carolina Bank is a community bank 
headquartered in Greensboro with $700 million in 
assets, with branches located in Greensboro, Winston-
Salem, Burlington and Asheboro. This acquisition 
builds on our Winston-Salem expansion just discussed 
and significantly accelerates our recent expansion 
initiative in the Greensboro market. We completed 
this acquisition on March 3, 2017.

Along with the investments we made along the 
Interstate 85/40 corridors, we are also continually 
reinvesting in our traditional footprint. During 
2016, we upgraded our facilities in Rockingham 

 
A New Look.

C A T C H I N G   M O R E   E Y E S 

As you drive past our branches, browse 

our site, or spot one of our ads, you’ll 

see the updated First Bank logo. We 

brightened the red and modernized the 

font to make it easier than ever to spot  

a First Bank anywhere you go. 

04

and Washington with the construction of beautiful 
new branches that will serve our customers in those 
communities for decades to come. And in Greenville, 
North Carolina, we increased our service capabilities 
by converting a loan production office we had opened 
in 2012 into a full service branch in a wonderful, newly 
constructed building. 

Growing Our Revenue Sources

In 2016, we also completed initiatives to diversify 
and grow noninterest revenue sources outside of our 
community banking model. In January, we completed 
our purchase of Bankingport, Inc. an insurance agency 
located in Sanford, North Carolina. Bankingport, Inc. 
was founded in 1948 and became a well-respected 
insurance agency with a great reputation for excellent 
customer service. By combining Bankingport with our 
existing agency, First Bank Insurance Services, we are 
achieving economies of scale and providing a larger 
platform for leveraging insurance services throughout 
our bank network. 

In May, we completed the purchase of SBA Complete. 
SBA Complete is a firm with niche expertise in the 
origination and servicing of loans guaranteed by 
the Small Business Administration (“SBA”). Many 
community banks do not have the in-house capability 
to comprehensively originate and service those types 
of loans, so they contract with SBA Complete for 
assistance. SBA Complete has 280 bank clients that 
it serves from its headquarters in California with 37 
employees. SBA Complete generated fees of $3.2 
million for our company from the May acquisition  
date through the end of the year. To learn more  
about this subsidiary of our company, please visit  
www.sbacomplete.com.

Soon after the acquisition of SBA Complete, we 
leveraged its capabilities by launching our own 
SBA loan origination division. Through a network of 
specialized First Bank loan officers, this division offers 
SBA loans to small business owners throughout the 
United States. We typically sell the portion of each 
loan that is guaranteed by the SBA at a premium  
and record the non-guaranteed portion to our 
balance sheet. This division realized $1.4 million in 

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loan sale gains in the second half of the year. To 
learn more about this division of our bank, please  
visit www.firstbanksba.com.

million for the first time. We expect that our recent 
initiatives and investments will result in future 
appreciation for our shareholders.

The three initiatives that I just discussed added a total 
of approximately $5.6 million in additional revenue 
to our company, which is a significant step forward in 
growing our company’s total revenue and diversifying 
its sources. We expect these areas to contribute  
even more revenue in 2017 and beyond.

Concluding a Successful Partnership

Another significant initiative for 2016 was the early 
termination of loss share agreements we had with the 
FDIC related to our acquisition of two failed banks 
during the height of the recession. The last loss share 
agreement was not scheduled to expire until 2021, 
and the agreements came with extensive reporting 
and audit requirements. After having resolved most of 
the problem assets associated with the two banks in 
the years following the acquisitions, we believed it was 
appropriate to consider concluding the agreements. 
In September 2016, we reached mutually acceptable 
terms with the FDIC to terminate these agreements, 
which resulted in an immediate charge to earnings of 
$5.7 million related to the write-off of the associated 
indemnification asset. Without the termination, it is 
likely that we would have continued to systematically 
amortize that asset as expense, and thus we believe  
the accelerated write-off will improve future earnings. 

Shareholder Return

In addition to the accomplishments I’ve discussed, 
it was also very satisfying to see our shareholders 
rewarded with strong stock performance. We started 
the year with a stock price of $18.74 and ended it at 
$27.14, an increase of 44.8%. When reinvestment of 
dividends is included, our total return for the year 
was 47.1%, which exceeded the return of a peer 
index of $1-$5 billion asset banks. First Bancorp’s 
stock price has now risen for five consecutive years. 
And just a few weeks ago, our stock price closed at 
an all time high of $30.60 per share. The recent rise 
in our stock price has also resulted in the market 
capitalization of our company exceeding $600 

Smart Investments

In addition to the initiatives previously discussed,  
we are continually investing in technology. We live 
in an increasingly digital world, and technology 
advances continue to change the way banks interact 
with customers. While we believe a physical presence 
is beneficial to initially attract customers and to 
provide them with certain services, we also know 
that most of our customers use online banking to 
conduct many of their banking activities. We believe 
our suite of internet banking products remains best-
in-class, and we continue to make investments in 
this area. Our mobile check deposit feature, which 
allows customers to deposit a check by simply taking 
a picture of it, has quickly become one of the most 
popular features. In 2016, we upgraded our mobile 
banking app to allow customers with fingerprint 
enabled phones to use your fingerprint to gain 
access to our mobile banking app. We will continue 
to remain on the leading edge of online technology. 
As our customers evolve, so will we. Our challenge 
is to provide the same level of personal service 
no matter which channel our customers choose 
to do their banking. We believe this is a challenge 
community banks are uniquely positioned to meet.

Commitment to Our Customers

The underpinning for everything we do is our 
emphasis on customer service. In 2015, under the 
leadership of First Bank President Mike Mayer, 
we initiated “Our Promise to Service Excellence” 
commitment. The mission of Our Promise to Service 
Excellence is contained in this purpose statement: 
“We help our customers realize their dreams by 
providing financial solutions and building trusted 
relationships.” We have ongoing training dedicated 
to this mission for all employees. This training is 
based on a foundation of safety and soundness, 
and it emphasizes knowledge and accuracy in 
everything we do, courteous service, and providing 
the highest level of convenience for our customers. 

 
“The underpinning 
 for everything we do  
is our emphasis on  
customer service.”

Commitment to Our Customers

Thinking Ahead.

S U P P O R T I N G   D R E A M S 

Our mission is to help our clients achieve 

their dreams. One of the ways we’re 

doing that is by completing strategic 

acquisitions that expand our offerings 

and broaden the potential for noninterest 

income. At the start of 2016, we acquired 

Bankingport Insurance Agency out of 

Sanford, North Carolina. Then a few 

months later, we acquired SBA Complete 

in California. These two companies allow 

First Bank to better serve the insurance 

and business loan needs of our customers.

G R O W I N G   T O   M E E T   
O U R   C L I E N T S   N E E D S 

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In addition to acquisitions, First Bank 

grew its footprint in the Triad area  

with the branch exchange with  

First Community Bank. We now  

have four strong branches in  

Winston-Salem, and two more outside 

of Charlotte in Huntersville and 

Mooresville. This positions us well 

in the market, especially as we look 

ahead to integrating the Carolina Bank 

acquisition, which added branches in 

Greensboro and Winston-Salem.

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As employees, we are energized and are doing 
everything possible to help make our customers’ 
dreams come true.

Changing of the Board

In February 2017, we completed a scheduled change 
in the leadership of our Board of Directors. After four 
years of leading our board as chairman, Mary Clara 
Capel passed the gavel to James (Jim) Crawford, III. I’d 
like to thank Mary Clara for her years of steady and wise 
leadership and am thankful that she will continue to 
serve as a board member. Jim Crawford joined our board 
almost 10 years ago, and his dedication to our company 
has been a benefit to our board and our shareholders. I 
am also pleased that Mike Mayer has joined our board 
and is on the slate of directors up for election at this 
year’s meeting. Mike has been a great asset to our bank 
since joining as its president three years ago. Finally, I 
would like to welcome Don Allred and Abby Donnelly 
who join us from the board of Carolina Bank.

Accompanying the mailing of this letter is our proxy 
statement and the notice of our Annual Shareholders 
Meeting, which is being held at Mid-Pines Inn & Golf 
Club in Southern Pines at 4:30 PM on Wednesday, May 
3, 2017. There is important information regarding your 
company contained within the proxy statement, and 
I encourage you to read it closely. After addressing 
the business of the day, we will have refreshments 
available, and we look forward to seeing as many 
shareholders as possible. 

Your support is appreciated, and I welcome your 
comments and suggestions.

Sincerely,

Richard H. Moore

C H I E F   E X E C U T I V E   O F F I C E R

 
B O A R D   O F   D I R E C T O R S

Donald H. Allred

Daniel T. Blue, Jr.

Mary Clara Capel

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C H A I R M A N   F I R S T   B A N C O R P

P R E S I D E N T   F I R S T   B A N C O R P

James C. Crawford, III

Abby J. Donnelly

Michael G. Mayer

Richard H. Moore

Thomas F. Phillips

O. Temple Sloan, III

C E O   F I R S T   B A N C O R P

Frederick L. Taylor, II

Virginia C. Thomasson

Dennis A. Wicker

Shareholder Information

Corporate Office

300 SW Broad Street

Southern Pines, NC 28387

Customer Service: 866-792-4357

www.LocalFirstBank.com

Independent Auditors

Elliott Davis Decosimo, PLLC

Charlotte, NC

Corporate Counsel

Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, LLP

Charlotte, NC

Transfer Agent

Computershare

480 Washington Boulevard

Jersey City, NJ 07310

800-942-5909

www.computershare.com

Shareholders Meeting

Shareholder Services

First Bancorp offers online access to your First Bancorp Stock 

Account, including your account balance, certificate history, 

dividend reinvestment plan information and more. Choose About 

Us at www.LocalFirstBank.com and select Investor Relations.

First Bancorp offers online access to all financial publications, 

including annual reports and quarterly reports filed with the 

Securities and Exchange Commission. Choose About Us at  

www.LocalFirstBank.com and select Investor Relations. SEC 

Filings are accessible from the left sidebar menu.

For more information or shareholder assistance, call us toll-free  

at 866-792-4357 and ask for Shareholder Services.

Copies of Form 10-K

Copies of the First Bancorp Annual Report on Form 10-K filed 

with the Securities and Exchange Commission may be obtained 

at no cost by contacting:

Investor Relations

Elizabeth Bostian

300 SW Broad Street

Southern Pines, NC 28387

866-792-4357

or

The Annual Meeting will be held on May 3, 2017 at 4:30 PM at 

by visiting our corporate website at

Mid-Pines Inn & Golf Club in Southern Pines, North Carolina.

www.LocalFirstBank.com

Common Stock Information

Dividend Reinvestment

First Bancorp’s common stock is traded on the NASDAQ 

Registered holders of First Bancorp stock are eligible to 

Global Select Market under the symbol FBNC. There were 

participate in the Company’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan, a 

20,844,505 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2016 with 

convenient and economical way to purchase additional shares 

2,100 shareholders of record and approximately 4,100 additional 

of First Bancorp common stock without payment of brokerage 

shareholders that held their shares in “street name.”

commissions. For an information folder and authorization form, 

or to receive additional information on this plan, contact:

Direct Deposit

With Direct Deposit, shareholders may enjoy the convenience  

of having dividends directly deposited into their Checking  

or Savings Account. There is no cost for this service. Shareholders 

may obtain further information about Direct Deposit by calling us 

toll-free at 866-792-4357 and asking for Shareholder Services.

Investor Relations

Elizabeth Bostian

866-792-4357

or

Computershare

480 Washington Boulevard

Jersey City, NJ 07310

800-942-5909

www.computershare.com

 
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549 

  FORM 10-K 

  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 
  For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 

Commission File Number 0-15572 

FIRST BANCORP    
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter) 

North Carolina 
(State of Incorporation) 

56-1421916 

     (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 

300 SW Broad Street, Southern Pines, North Carolina    

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) 

     28387       

(Zip Code)   

 Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 

(910) 246-2500     

Title of each class 
Common Stock, No Par Value 

Name of each exchange on which registered 
The Nasdaq Global Select Market 

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:   

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.            
[  ] YES     [X] NO 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934.  [  ] YES     [X] NO 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange 
Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has 
been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  [X] YES     [  ] NO 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every 
Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months 
(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).     [X] YES    [  ] NO 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will 
not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by 
reference in Part III of the Form 10-K or any amendment to the Form 10-K. [  ] 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller 
reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 
12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  (Check one)  

[ ] Large Accelerated Filer     [X] Accelerated Filer     [ ] Non-Accelerated Filer    [ ] Smaller Reporting Company 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   [  ] YES     [X] NO 

The aggregate market value of the Common Stock, no par value, held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the closing price 
of the Common Stock as of June 30, 2016 as reported by The NASDAQ Global Select Market, was approximately $345,827,000.  

The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding on March 14, 2017 was 24,650,076. 

Portions of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A are incorporated herein by reference into Part 
III. 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Forward-Looking Statements 

PART I 

Item 1 
Item 1A 
Item 1B 
Item 2 
Item 3 
Item 4 

Business 
Risk Factors 
Unresolved Staff Comments 
Properties 
Legal Proceedings 
Mine Safety Disclosures 

Begins on 
Page(s) 
4 

4 
22 
34 
34 
34 
34 

Item 5 

Market for Registrant’s Common Stock, Related Shareholder Matters, and 

35, 76 

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 

Item 6 
Item 7 

Selected Consolidated Financial Data 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 

37, 76 

PART II 

Operations 

Overview – 2016 Compared to 2015 
Overview – 2015 Compared to 2014 
Outlook for 2017 
Critical Accounting Policies 
Merger and Acquisition Activity 
FDIC Indemnification Asset 
Statistical Information 

Net Interest Income 
Provision for Loan Losses 
Noninterest Income 
Noninterest Expenses 
Income Taxes 
Stock-Based Compensation 
Distribution of Assets and Liabilities 
Securities 
Loans 
Nonperforming Assets 
Allowance for Loan Losses and Loan Loss Experience 
Deposits 
Borrowings 
Liquidity, Commitments, and Contingencies 
Capital Resources and Shareholders’ Equity 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Derivative Financial Instruments 
Return on Assets and Equity 
Interest Rate Risk (Including Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures 

about Market Risk) 

Inflation 
Current Accounting Matters 

38 
41 
43 
44 
46 
46 

50, 77 
52, 87 
53, 78 
55, 79 
57,79 
57 
59, 80 
59, 80 
61, 82 
62, 84 
64, 86 
66, 88 
67 
68, 90 
69, 92 
72 
73, 91 
73, 89 

75 
75 
75 

94 
95 

96 

Item 7A 
Item 8 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data: 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 
Consolidated Statements of Income for each of the years in the                                   

three-year period  ended December 31, 2016 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for each of the years in 

the three-year period ended December 31, 2016 

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for each of the years in the       

97 

three-year period ended December 31, 2016 

2 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the years in the                        

three-year period ended December 31, 2016 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 
Selected Consolidated Financial Data 
Quarterly Financial Summary 
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial 

Item 9 

Disclosures 

Item 9A 
Item 9B 

Controls and Procedures 
Other Information 

PART III 

Item 10 
Item 11 
Item 12 

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 
Executive Compensation 
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and 

Related Shareholder Matters 

Item 13 
Item 14 

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 
Principal Accountant Fees and Services 

Item 15 

PART IV 
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 

SIGNATURES 

Begins on 
Page(s) 
98 

99 
157 
76 
93 
160 

160 
161 

161 
161 
161 

161 
161 

162 

166 

* 

Information called for by Part III (Items 10 through 14) is incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s definitive 
Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission 
on or before April 30, 2017. 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange 
Act of 1934 and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which statements are inherently subject to 
risks and uncertainties.  Forward-looking statements are statements that include projections, predictions, 
expectations or beliefs about future events or results or otherwise are not statements of historical fact.  Further, 
forward-looking statements are intended to speak only as of the date made.  Such statements are often 
characterized by the use of qualifying words (and their derivatives) such as “expect,” “believe,” “estimate,” 
“plan,” “project,” or other statements concerning our opinions or judgment about future events.  Our actual 
results may differ materially from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements, as they will depend on 
many factors about which we are unsure, including many factors which are beyond our control.  Factors that 
could influence the accuracy of such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the financial 
success or changing strategies of our customers, our level of success in integrating acquisitions, actions of 
government regulators, the level of market interest rates, and general economic conditions.  For additional 
information about factors that could affect the matters discussed in this paragraph, see the “Risk Factors” 
section in Item 1A of this report. 

PART I 

Item 1.  Business 

General Description 

First Bancorp (the “Company”) is a bank holding company.  Our principal activity is the ownership and operation 
of First Bank (the “Bank”), a state-chartered bank with its main office in Southern Pines, North Carolina.  The 
Company is also the parent to a series of statutory business trusts organized under the laws of the State of 
Delaware that were created for the purpose of issuing trust preferred debt securities.  Our outstanding debt 
associated with these trusts was $46.4 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015. 

The Company was incorporated in North Carolina on December 8, 1983, as Montgomery Bancorp, for the 
purpose of acquiring 100% of the outstanding common stock of the Bank through a stock-for-stock exchange.  
On December 31, 1986, the Company changed its name to First Bancorp to conform its name to the name of the 
Bank, which had changed its name from Bank of Montgomery to First Bank in 1985. 

The Bank was organized in 1934 and began banking operations in 1935 as the Bank of Montgomery, named for 
the county in which it operated.  Until September 2013, the Bank’s main office was in Troy, North Carolina, 
located in the center of Montgomery County.  In September 2013, the Company and the Bank moved their main 
offices approximately 45 miles to Southern Pines, North Carolina, in Moore County.  As of December 31, 2016, 
we conducted business from 88 branches covering a geographical area from Florence, South Carolina to the 
south, to Wilmington, North Carolina to the east, to Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina to the northeast, to Mayodan, 
North Carolina to the north, and to Asheville, North Carolina to the west.  We also have loan production offices 
in Greensboro, North Carolina and Raleigh, North Carolina.  Of the Bank’s 88 branches, 82 branches are in North 
Carolina and six branches are in South Carolina.  Ranked by assets, the Bank was the seventh largest bank 
headquartered in North Carolina as of December 31, 2016. 

As of December 31, 2016, the Bank had three wholly owned subsidiaries, First Bank Insurance Services, Inc. 
(“First Bank Insurance”), SBA Complete, Inc. (“SBA Complete”), and First Troy SPE, LLC.  First Bank Insurance’s 
primary business activity is the placement of property and casualty insurance coverage.  SBA Complete is a firm 
that specializes in providing consulting services for financial institutions across the country related to Small 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business Administration (“SBA”) loan origination and servicing.  First Troy SPE, LLC, which was organized in 
December 2009, is a holding entity for certain foreclosed properties. 

Our principal executive offices are located at 300 SW Broad Street, Southern Pines, North Carolina, 28387, and 
our telephone number is (910) 246-2500.  Unless the context requires otherwise, references to the “Company,” 
“we,” “our,” or “us” in this annual report on Form 10-K shall mean collectively First Bancorp and its consolidated 
subsidiaries. 

General Business 

We engage in a full range of banking activities, with the acceptance of deposits and the making of loans being 
our most basic activities.  We offer deposit products such as checking, savings, and money market accounts, as 
well as time deposits, including various types of certificates of deposits (“CDs”) and individual retirement 
accounts (“IRAs”).  We provide loans for a wide range of consumer and commercial purposes, including loans for 
business, agriculture, real estate, personal uses, home improvement and automobiles.  We offer SBA loans to 
small business owners across the nation.  We also offer credit cards, debit cards, letters of credit, safe deposit 
box rentals and electronic funds transfer services, including wire transfers.  In addition, we offer internet 
banking, mobile banking, cash management and bank-by-phone capabilities to our customers, and are affiliated 
with ATM networks that give our customers access to thousands of ATMs across the country, with no surcharge 
fee.  We also offer a mobile check deposit feature for our mobile banking customers that allows them to 
securely deposit checks via their smartphone.  For our business customers, we offer remote deposit capture, 
which provides them with a method to electronically transmit checks received from customers into their bank 
account without having to visit a branch.  We are a member of the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry 
Service (“CDARS”), which gives our customers the ability to obtain FDIC insurance on deposits of up to $50 
million, while continuing to work directly with their local First Bank branch. 

Because the majority of our customers are individuals and small to medium-sized businesses located in the 
counties we serve, management does not believe that the loss of a single customer or group of customers would 
have a material adverse impact on the Bank.  There are no seasonal factors that tend to have any material effect 
on the Bank’s business, and we do not rely on foreign sources of funds or income.  Because we operate primarily 
within North Carolina and northeastern South Carolina, the economic conditions of these areas could have a 
material impact on the Company.  See additional discussion below in the section entitled “Territory Served and 
Competition.” 

Beginning in 1999, First Bank Insurance began offering non-FDIC insured investment and insurance products, 
including mutual funds, annuities, long-term care insurance, life insurance, and company retirement plans, as 
well as financial planning services (the “investments division”).  In May 2001, First Bank Insurance added to its 
product line when it acquired two insurance agencies that specialized in the placement of property and casualty 
insurance.  In October 2003, the “investments division” of First Bank Insurance became a part of the Bank and 
the primary activity of First Bank Insurance became the placement of property and casualty insurance products.   

In 2016, we undertook several initiatives to grow and diversify our sources of noninterest income, which is 
discussed in the following three paragraphs. 

On January 1, 2016, First Bank Insurance acquired Bankingport, Inc., an insurance agency based in Sanford, 
North Carolina, which provides First Bank Insurance with economies of scale and a larger platform for leveraging 
insurance services throughout the First Bank branch network.  Bankingport had total annual insurance 
commissions of approximately $1.2 million compared to our legacy agency operations, which total 
approximately $0.8 million. 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
On May 5, 2016, First Bank acquired SBA Complete.  SBA Complete is a firm that specializes in providing 
consulting services for financial institutions across the country related to SBA loan origination and servicing.  SBA 
Complete earned $3.2 million in SBA consulting fees from the date of the acquisition through December 31, 
2016. 

In the third quarter of 2016, we leveraged the expertise of the personnel assumed in the SBA Complete 
acquisition and began providing loans guaranteed by the SBA for the purchase of businesses, business startups, 
business expansion, equipment, and working capital.  Shortly after each origination, we typically sell the 
guaranteed portion of the loan for a premium and record the non-guaranteed portion to our loan portfolio.  
Since the launch in the third quarter of 2016 through year end, this division originated $24.8 million of SBA loans 
and earned $1.4 million from gains on the sales of the guaranteed portions of these loans. 

First Bancorp Capital Trust II and First Bancorp Capital Trust III were organized in December 2003 for the 
purpose of issuing $20.6 million in debt securities ($10.3 million was issued from each trust).  These borrowings 
are due on January 23, 2034 and are also structured as trust preferred capital securities in order to qualify as 
regulatory capital.  These debt securities are callable by the Company at par on any quarterly interest payment 
date beginning on January 23, 2009.  The interest rate on these debt securities adjusts on a quarterly basis at a 
weighted average rate of three-month LIBOR plus 2.70%.   

First Bancorp Capital Trust IV was organized in April 2006 for the purpose of issuing $25.8 million in debt 
securities.  These borrowings are due on June 15, 2036 and are also structured as trust preferred capital 
securities that qualify as regulatory capital.  These debt securities are callable by the Company at par on any 
quarterly interest payment date beginning on June 15, 2011.  The interest rate on these debt securities adjusts 
on a quarterly basis at a rate of three-month LIBOR plus 1.39%. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Territory Served and Competition 

Our headquarters are located in Southern Pines, Moore County, North Carolina, where we also have our highest 
concentration of deposits.  At the end of 2016, we served primarily the south central region (sometimes called 
the Piedmont region), the central mountain region and the eastern coastal region of North Carolina, with 
additional operations in northeastern South Carolina.  The following table presents, for each county where we 
operated as of December 31, 2016, the number of bank branches operated by the Company within the county, 
the approximate amount of deposits with the Company in the county as of December 31, 2016, our approximate 
deposit market share at June 30, 2016, and the number of bank competitors located in the county at June 30, 
2016.   

County 

Anson, NC 
Beaufort, NC 
Bladen, NC 
Brunswick, NC 
Buncombe, NC 
Cabarrus, NC 
Carteret, NC 
Chatham, NC 
Chesterfield, SC 
Columbus, NC 
Cumberland, NC 
Dare, NC 
Davidson, NC 
Dillon, SC 
Duplin, NC 
Florence, SC 
Forsyth, NC 
Guilford, NC 
Harnett, NC 
Iredell, NC 
Lee, NC 
Mecklenburg, NC 
Montgomery, NC 
Moore, NC 
New Hanover, NC 
Onslow, NC 
Pitt, NC 
Randolph, NC 
Richmond, NC 
Robeson, NC 
Rockingham, NC 
Rowan, NC 
Scotland, NC 
Stanly, NC 
Wake, NC 
Brokered Deposits 
    Total 

Number of  
Branches 
1 
2 
1 
4 
3 
2 
2 
2 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
3 
3 
2 
4 
1 
3 
3 
3 
2 
4 
10 
5 
2 
1 
3 
1 
4 
1 
1 
2 
4 
2 
- 
88 

Deposits 
(in millions) 
$       14 
48 
27 
125 
90 
40 
34 
53 
43 
41 
13 
21 
94 
63 
147 
50 
56 
30 
109 
77 
172 
16 
117 
478 
172 
63 
0 
87 
46 
183 
24 
61 
77 
102 
38 
136 
$  2,947 

Market 
Share 

5.7% 
5.0% 
9.1% 
7.0% 
1.8% 
1.9% 
3.4% 
7.9% 
11.5% 
5.8% 
0.3% 
2.0% 
2.6% 
23.1% 
20.9% 
2.1% 
n/a 
0.8% 
11.1% 
1.2% 
22.0% 
n/a 
42.4% 
28.0% 
3.0% 
4.5% 
n/a 
5.3% 
10.9% 
19.0% 
2.6% 
4.2% 
21.0% 
11.4% 
0.1% 

Number of 
Competitors 
4 
7 
5 
11 
16 
11 
8 
10 
6 
5 
14 
8 
10 
3 
6 
12 
18 
19 
9 
20 
9 
25 
2 
10 
18 
10 
15 
12 
5 
8 
10 
13 
6 
6 
29 

n/a – not applicable as branch was not open at June 30, 2016 

Historically, our branches and facilities have been primarily located in small communities whose economies are 
based primarily on services, manufacturing and light industries.  Although these markets are predominantly 
small communities and rural areas, the market area is not dependent on agriculture.  Textiles, furniture, mobile 
homes, electronics, plastic and metal fabrication, forest products, food products, and chicken hatcheries are 
among the leading manufacturing industries in the trade area.  Leading producers of lumber and rugs are 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
located in Montgomery County, North Carolina.  The Pinehurst area within Moore County, North Carolina, is a 
widely known golf resort and retirement area.  The High Point, North Carolina, area is widely known for its 
furniture market.  New Hanover and Brunswick Counties, located in the southeastern coastal region of North 
Carolina, are popular with tourists and have significant retirement populations.  Buncombe County, located in 
the western region of North Carolina, is a highly diverse area with industries in manufacturing, service, and 
tourism.  Additionally, several of the communities served by the Company are “bedroom” communities of large 
cities like Charlotte, Raleigh and Greensboro, while several branches are located in medium-sized cities such as 
Albemarle, Asheboro, Fayetteville, Jacksonville, High Point, Southern Pines and Sanford.  We also have branches 
in small communities such as Bennett, Polkton, Vass, and Harmony. 

In recent years, we have implemented a branch strategy of expansion into larger, higher growth markets.  In 
2016, this expansion continued with additional investments in Charlotte, Raleigh and the Triad area of North 
Carolina.  Several seasoned bankers joined the Bank and have led our expansion efforts in these markets.  We 
opened our first full service branch in Charlotte in August 2016, after opening a loan production office there in 
2015.  In Raleigh, we opened a loan production office early in 2016 and are upgrading our capabilities there with 
a full service branch expected to open later in 2017.  In the Triad, which includes Greensboro, High Point and 
Winston-Salem, experienced bankers joined us in early 2016 as we opened a loan production office in 
Greensboro.  Our expansion into this market was enhanced by two strategic transactions discussed in the 
following paragraphs. 

In March 2016, we announced an agreement to exchange our seven Virginia branches, with approximately $151 
million in loans and $134 million in deposits, for six North Carolina branches of a community bank with a large 
Virginia presence that included approximately $152 million in loans and $111 million in deposits.  Four of the six 
branches we assumed were in Winston-Salem, with the other two branches located in the Charlotte-metro 
markets of Mooresville and Huntersville.  The Winston-Salem branches we assumed improved the Triad 
expansion initiative, while the Mooresville and Huntersville branches increased our Charlotte expansion.  This 
transaction, which was completed in July 2016, resulted in our exit from Virginia, which was a good market for 
our Bank, but created challenges due to the distant proximity to our core market.   

In June 2016, we announced an agreement to acquire Carolina Bank Holdings, Inc. (“Carolina Bank”), the parent 
company of Carolina Bank.  Carolina Bank is a community bank headquartered in Greensboro with $705 million 
in assets, with branches located in Greensboro, Winston-Salem, Burlington and Asheboro.  This acquisition 
builds on the Winston-Salem expansion previously discussed and significantly accelerates our recent expansion 
initiative in the Greensboro market.  We completed this transaction on March 3, 2017. 

Approximately 16% of our deposit base is in Moore County.  Accordingly, material changes in competition, the 
economy or population of Moore County could materially impact the Company.  No other county comprises 
more than 10% of our deposit base. 

We compete in our various market areas with, among others, several large interstate bank holding companies.  
These large competitors have substantially greater resources than our Company, including broader geographic 
markets, higher lending limits and the ability to make greater use of large-scale advertising and promotions.  A 
significant number of interstate banking acquisitions have taken place in the past decade, thus further increasing 
the size and financial resources of some of our competitors, some of which are among the largest bank holding 
companies in the nation.  In many of our markets, we also compete against smaller, local banks.  With interest 
rates on investment securities near historic lows and banks of all sizes attempting to maximize yields on earning 
assets, the competition for high-quality loans has become intense.  Accordingly, loan rates in our markets 
continue to be under competitive pressure.  The pricing competition for deposits has lessened in recent years, 
but at any given time in many of our markets, there are frequently smaller banks offering higher rates on 
deposits than we are willing to match.  This has resulted in the loss of some deposits from price-sensitive 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
customers, which has been primarily responsible for the declines in our time deposit accounts that are discussed 
below in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.  It is not yet 
known what the competitive impact will be of the recent and expected interest rate increases initiated by the 
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”).  Moore County, which as noted 
above comprises a disproportionate share of our deposits, is a particularly competitive market, with at least ten 
other financial institutions having a physical presence within the county.   

We compete not only against banking organizations, but also against a wide range of financial service providers, 
including federally and state-chartered savings and loan institutions, credit unions, investment and brokerage 
firms and small-loan or consumer finance companies.  One of the credit unions in our market area is among the 
largest in the nation.  Competition among financial institutions of all types is virtually unlimited with respect to 
legal ability and authority to provide most financial services.  We also experience competition from internet 
banks, particularly in the area of time deposits. 

Despite the competitive market, we believe we have certain advantages over our competition in the areas we 
serve.  We are large enough to be able to more easily absorb higher costs being experienced in the banking 
industry, particularly regulatory costs and technology costs, than the smaller banks with which we compete.  We 
are also able to originate significantly larger loans than many of our smaller bank competitors.  At the same 
time, we attempt to maintain a banking culture associated with smaller banks – a culture that has a personal 
and local flavor that appeals to many retail and small business customers.  Specifically, we seek to maintain a 
distinct local identity in each of the communities we serve and we actively sponsor and participate in local civic 
affairs.  Most lending and other customer-related business decisions can be made without the delays often 
associated with larger institutions.  Additionally, employment of local managers and personnel in various offices 
and low turnover of personnel enable us to establish and maintain long-term relationships with individual and 
corporate customers.   

Lending Policy and Procedures 

Conservative lending policies and procedures and appropriate underwriting standards are high priorities of the 
Bank.  Loans are approved under our written loan policy, which provides that lending officers, principally branch 
managers, have authority to approve loans of various amounts up to $350,000 with lending limits varying 
depending upon the experience of the lending officer and whether the loan is secured or unsecured.  We have 
seven senior lending officers that have authority to approve secured loans up to $500,000 and each of our five 
Regional Presidents has authority to approve secured loans up to $1,000,000.  Loans up to $3,000,000 are 
approved by the Bank’s Regional Credit Officers through our Credit Administration Department.  The Bank’s 
President and Chief Credit Officer have authority to approve loans up to $10,000,000 respectively, while the 
Chief Credit Officer and the Bank’s President have joint authority to approve loans up to $25,000,000.  The 
Bank’s board of directors maintains loan authority in excess of the Bank’s in-house limit, currently $25,000,000 
and generally approves loans through its Executive Loan Committee.  All lending authorities are based on the 
borrower’s Total Credit Exposure (“TCE”), which is an aggregate of the Bank’s lending relationship to the 
borrower.  TCE is based on the borrower’s total credit exposure with the Bank either directly or indirectly 
through loan guarantees or other borrowing entities related to the borrower through control or ownership. 

The Executive Loan Committee reviews and approves loans that exceed the Bank’s in-house limit, loans to 
executive officers, directors, and their affiliates and, in certain instances, other types of loans.  New credit 
extensions are reviewed daily by our senior management and the Credit Administration Department.  

We continually monitor our loan portfolio to identify areas of concern and to enable us to take corrective action.  
Lending and credit administration officers and the board of directors meet periodically to review past due loans 
and portfolio quality, while assuring that the Bank is appropriately meeting the credit needs of the communities 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
it serves.  Individual lending officers are responsible for monitoring any changes in the financial status of 
borrowers and pursuing collection of early-stage past due amounts.  For certain types of loans that exceed our 
established parameters of past due status, the Bank’s Asset Resolution Group assumes the management of the 
loan, and in some cases we engage a third-party firm to assist in collection efforts. 

The Bank has an internal Loan Review Department that conducts on-going and targeted reviews of the Bank’s 
loan portfolio and assesses the Bank’s adherence to loan policies, risk grading and accrual policies.  Reports are 
generated for management based on these activities and findings are used to adjust risk grades as deemed 
appropriate.  In addition, these reports are shared with the Company’s board of directors.  The Loan Review 
Department also provides training assistance to the Bank’s Training and Credit Administration departments. 

To further assess the Bank’s loan portfolio and as a secondary review of the Bank’s Loan Review Department, we 
also contract with an independent consulting firm to review new loan originations meeting certain criteria, as 
well as to assign risk grades to existing credits meeting certain thresholds.  The consulting firm’s observations, 
comments, and risk grades, including variances with the Bank’s risk grades, are shared with the audit committee 
of the Company’s board of directors and are considered by management in setting Bank policy, as well as in 
evaluating the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses.  For additional information, see “Allowance for Loan 
Losses and Loan Loss Experience” under Item 7 below. 

Investment Policy and Procedures  

We have adopted an investment policy designed to maximize our income from funds not needed to meet loan 
demand, in a manner consistent with appropriate liquidity and risk objectives.  Pursuant to this policy, we may 
invest in federal, state and municipal obligations, federal agency obligations, public housing authority bonds, 
Federal Home Loan Bank bonds, Fannie Mae bonds, Government National Mortgage Association bonds, Freddie 
Mac bonds, Small Business Administration bonds, and, to a limited extent, corporate bonds.  We may also invest 
up to $60 million in time deposits with other financial institutions.  Time deposit purchases from any one 
financial institution exceeding FDIC insurance coverage limits are evaluated as a corporate bond and are subject 
to the same due diligence requirements as corporate bonds (described below). 

In making investment decisions, we do not solely rely on credit ratings to determine the credit-worthiness of an 
issuer of securities, but we use credit ratings in conjunction with other information when performing due 
diligence prior to the purchase of a security.  Securities that are not rated investment grade will not be 
purchased.  Securities rated below Moody’s BAA or Standard and Poor’s BBB generally will not be purchased.  
Securities rated below A are periodically reviewed for credit-worthiness.  We may purchase non-rated municipal 
bonds only if such bonds are in our general market area and we determine these bonds have a credit risk no 
greater than the minimum ratings referred to above.  Industrial development authority bonds, which normally 
are not rated, are purchased only if they are judged to possess a high degree of credit soundness to assure 
reasonably prompt sale at a fair value.  We are also authorized by our board of directors to invest a portion of 
our securities portfolio in high quality corporate bonds, with the amount of such bonds not to exceed 15% of the 
entire securities portfolio.  Prior to purchasing a corporate bond, the Company’s management performs due 
diligence on the issuer of the bond, and the purchase is not made unless we believe that the purchase of the 
bond bears no more risk to the Company than would an unsecured loan to the same company. 

Our Chief Investment Officer implements the investment policy, monitors the investment portfolio, 
recommends portfolio strategies and reports to the Company’s Investment Committee.  The Investment 
Committee generally meets on a quarterly basis to review investment activity and to assess the overall position 
of the securities portfolio.  The Investment Committee compares our securities portfolio with portfolios of other 
companies of comparable size.  In addition, reports of all purchases, sales, issuer calls, net profits or losses and 
market appreciation or depreciation of the securities portfolio are reviewed by our board of directors.  Once a 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
quarter, our interest rate risk exposure is evaluated by our board of directors.  Each year, the written investment 
policy is approved by the board of directors. 

Mergers and Acquisitions 

As part of our operations, we have pursued an acquisition strategy over the years to augment our internal 
growth.  We regularly evaluate the potential acquisition of, or merger with, various financial institutions.  Our 
acquisitions have generally fallen into one of three categories:  1) an acquisition of a financial institution or 
branch thereof within a market in which we operate, 2) an acquisition of a financial institution or branch thereof 
in a market contiguous or nearly contiguous to a market in which we operate, or 3) an acquisition of a company 
that has products or services that we do not currently offer.  Historically, we have paid for our acquisitions with 
cash and/or common stock and any operating income or loss has been fully borne by the Company beginning on 
the closing date of the acquisition. 

Since becoming a public company in 1987, we have completed numerous acquisitions in each of the three 
categories described above.  We have completed several whole-bank traditional acquisitions in our existing and 
contiguous markets; we have purchased numerous bank branches from other banks (both in existing market 
areas and in contiguous/nearly contiguous markets) and we have acquired several insurance agencies, which has 
provided us with the ability to offer property and casualty insurance coverage.   

In 2009, FDIC-assisted acquisitions began to occur frequently as banking regulators closed problem banks.  In 
FDIC-assisted transactions, the acquiring bank often does not pay any consideration for the failed bank, and in 
some cases receives cash from the FDIC as part of the transaction.  In addition, the acquiring bank usually enters 
into one or more loss share agreements with the FDIC, which affords the acquiring bank significant loss 
protection.  As discussed below, we completed FDIC-assisted transactions in 2009 and 2011. 

In addition to the traditional acquisitions discussed above, in both 2009 and 2011 we acquired the operations of 
failed banks in FDIC-assisted transactions.  On June 19, 2009, we acquired substantially all of the assets and 
liabilities of Cooperative Bank in an FDIC-assisted transaction.  Cooperative Bank operated through 21 branches 
in North Carolina and three branches in South Carolina in the same markets in which the Bank was already 
operating, as well as in several new, mostly contiguous markets.  In connection with the acquisition, the Bank 
assumed assets with a book value of $959 million, including $829 million in loans and $706 million in deposits.  
See the Company’s 2009 Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information on this acquisition. 

On January 21, 2011, we acquired substantially all of the assets and liabilities of The Bank of Asheville in an FDIC-
assisted transaction.  The Bank of Asheville operated through five branches in or near Asheville, North Carolina.  
This market was a new market for the Bank.  In connection with the acquisition, the Bank assumed assets with a 
book value of $190 million, including $154 million in loans and $192 million in deposits.  See the Company’s 
2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information on this acquisition. 

The following paragraphs describe the other acquisitions that we have completed in the past three years.  

In January 2016, we acquired Bankingport, Inc., an insurance agency based in Sanford, North Carolina.  Although 
not material to the Company’s consolidated operations, the acquisition provided us with the opportunity to 
enhance our product offerings, as well as expand our insurance agency operations into a significant banking 
market for our Company.  Also this acquisition provides us a larger platform for leveraging insurance services 
throughout our bank branch network. 

In May 2016, we completed the acquisition of SBA Complete.  SBA Complete is a consulting firm that specializes 
in consulting with financial institutions across the country related to SBA loan origination and servicing.  Many 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
community banks do not have the in-house capability to comprehensively originate and service those types of 
loans, so they contract with SBA Complete for assistance.  SBA Complete has 280 bank clients that it serves from 
its headquarters in California with 37 employees.  SBA Complete generated fees of $3.2 million for our Company 
from the May acquisition date through the end of the year.  To learn more about this subsidiary of our 
Company, please visit www.sbacomplete.com.  Information included on our Internet site is not incorporated by 
reference into this annual report. 

Soon after the acquisition of SBA Complete, we leveraged its capabilities by launching our own SBA loan 
origination division.  Through a network of specialized First Bank loan officers, this division offers SBA loans to 
small business owners throughout the United States.  We typically sell the portion of each loan that is 
guaranteed by the SBA at a premium and record the non-guaranteed portion to our balance sheet.  This division 
realized $1.4 million in loan sale gains in the second half of the year.  To learn more about this division of our 
Bank, please visit www.firstbanksba.com.  Information included on our Internet site is not incorporated by 
reference into this annual report. 

In July 2016, we completed a branch exchange with First Community Bank, headquartered in Bluefield, Virginia.  
In the branch exchange transaction, we acquired six of First Community Bank’s branches located in North 
Carolina, while concurrently selling seven of our branches in the southwestern area of Virginia to First 
Community Bank.  We entered Virginia in 2001 with a branch in Wytheville and had grown that presence to a 
total of seven branches.  The distant proximity to our core market and the opportunity to assume what is 
essentially a banking franchise in markets where we have recently invested in human capital were the primary 
factors we considered in entering into the exchange agreement. 

In addition to the acquisitions completed during 2016 discussed above, in June 2016, we announced that we had 
reached an agreement to acquire Carolina Bank Holdings, Inc., the parent company of Carolina Bank, 
headquartered in Greensboro, North Carolina, with approximately $705 million in assets.  Carolina Bank 
operates eight branches located in Greensboro, High Point, Burlington, Winston-Salem, and Asheboro, North 
Carolina and also operates three mortgage offices in North Carolina.  The acquisition is a natural extension of 
our recent expansion into these high-growth areas.  This transaction was completed on March 3, 2017.   

There are many factors that we consider when evaluating how much to offer for potential acquisition candidates 
(including FDIC-assisted transactions) with a few of the more significant factors being projected impact on 
earnings per share, projected impact on capital, and projected impact on book value and tangible book value.  
Significant assumptions that affect this analysis include the estimated future earnings stream of the acquisition 
candidate, estimated credit and other losses to be incurred, the amount of cost efficiencies that can be realized, 
and the interest rate earned/lost on the cash received/paid.  In addition to these primary factors, we also 
consider other factors including (but not limited to) marketplace acquisition statistics, location of the candidate 
in relation to our expansion strategy, market growth potential, management of the candidate, potential 
integration issues (including corporate culture), and the size of the acquisition candidate. 

We plan to continue to evaluate acquisition opportunities that could potentially benefit the Company and its 
shareholders.  These opportunities may include acquisitions that do not fit the categories discussed above.   

For a further discussion of recent acquisition activity, see “Merger and Acquisition Activity” under Item 7 below. 

Employees 

As of December 31, 2016, we had 806 full-time and 55 part-time employees.  We are not a party to any 
collective bargaining agreements, and we consider our employee relations to be good. 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supervision and Regulation 

As a bank holding company, we are subject to supervision, examination and regulation by the Federal Reserve 
and the North Carolina Office of the Commissioner of Banks (the “Commissioner”).  The Bank is also subject to 
supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve and the Commissioner.  For additional information, see 
Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements. 

Supervision and Regulation of the Company 

The Company is a bank holding company within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as 
amended.  The Company is also regulated by the Commissioner under the North Carolina Bank Holding 
Company Act of 1984. 

A bank holding company is required to file quarterly reports and other information regarding its business 
operations and those of its subsidiaries with the Federal Reserve.  It is also subject to examination by the Federal 
Reserve and is required to obtain Federal Reserve approval prior to making certain acquisitions of other 
institutions or voting securities.  The Federal Reserve requires the Company to maintain certain levels of capital - 
see “Capital Resources and Shareholders’ Equity” under Item 7 below.  The Federal Reserve also has the 
authority to take enforcement action against any bank holding company that commits any unsafe or unsound 
practice, or violates certain laws, regulations or conditions imposed in writing by the Federal Reserve.  The 
Federal Reserve generally prohibits a bank holding company from declaring or paying a cash dividend that would 
impose undue pressure on the capital of subsidiary banks or would be funded only through borrowing or other 
arrangements which might adversely affect a bank holding company’s financial position.  Under the Federal 
Reserve policy, a bank holding company is not permitted to continue its existing rate of cash dividends on its 
common stock unless its net income is sufficient to fully fund each dividend and its prospective rate of earnings 
retention appears consistent with its capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. 

The Commissioner is empowered to regulate certain acquisitions of North Carolina banks and bank holding 
companies, issue cease and desist orders for violations of North Carolina banking laws, and promulgate rules 
necessary to effectuate the purposes of the North Carolina Bank Holding Company Act of 1984. 

Regulatory authorities have cease and desist powers over bank holding companies and their nonbank 
subsidiaries where their actions would constitute a serious threat to the safety, soundness or stability of a 
subsidiary bank.  Those authorities may compel holding companies to invest additional capital into banking 
subsidiaries upon acquisitions or in the event of significant loan losses or rapid growth of loans or deposits. 

The United States Congress and the North Carolina General Assembly have periodically considered and adopted 
legislation that has impacted the Company.  

Supervision and Regulation of the Bank 

Federal banking regulations applicable to all depository financial institutions, among other things: (i) provide 
federal bank regulatory agencies with powers to prevent unsafe and unsound banking practices; (ii) restrict 
preferential loans by banks to “insiders” of banks; (iii) require banks to keep information on loans to major 
shareholders and executive officers; and (iv) bar certain director and officer interlocks between financial 
institutions. 

As a state-chartered bank, the Bank is subject to the provisions of the North Carolina banking statutes and to 
regulation by the Commissioner.  The Commissioner has a wide range of regulatory authority over the activities 
and operations of the Bank, and the Commissioner’s staff conducts periodic examinations of the Bank and its 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
affiliates to ensure compliance with state banking regulations and to assess the safety and soundness of the 
Bank.  Among other things, the Commissioner regulates the merger and consolidation of state-chartered banks, 
the payment of dividends, loans to officers and directors, recordkeeping, types and amounts of loans and 
investments, and the establishment of branches.  The Commissioner also has cease and desist powers over 
state-chartered banks for violations of state banking laws or regulations and for unsafe or unsound conduct that 
is likely to jeopardize the interest of depositors. 

The dividends that may be paid by the Bank to the Company are subject to legal limitations under North Carolina 
law.  In addition, under Federal Reserve regulations, a dividend cannot be paid by the Bank if it would be less 
than well-capitalized after the dividend.  The Federal Reserve may also prevent the payment of a dividend by the 
Bank if it determines that the payment would be an unsafe and unsound banking practice.  The ability of the 
Company to pay dividends to its shareholders is largely dependent on the dividends paid to the Company by the 
Bank. 

The Federal Reserve is authorized to approve conversions, mergers, consolidations and assumptions of deposit 
liability transactions between insured banks and uninsured banks or institutions, and to prevent capital or 
surplus diminution in such transactions if the resulting, continuing, or assumed bank is an insured member bank.  
The Federal Reserve also conducts periodic examinations of the Bank to assess its safety and soundness and its 
compliance with banking laws and regulations, and it has the power to implement changes to, or restrictions on, 
the Bank’s operations if it finds that a violation is occurring or is threatened.  In addition, the Federal Reserve 
monitors the Bank’s compliance with several banking statutes, such as the Depository Institution Management 
Interlocks Act and the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977. 

Small Business Lending Fund 

In December 2010, the U.S. Treasury announced the creation of the Small Business Lending Fund (“SBLF”) 
program, which was established under the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010.  The SBLF was created to encourage 
lending to small businesses by providing capital to qualified community banks at favorable rates. 

Interested financial institutions were required to submit an application and a small business lending plan.  Less 
than half of the financial institutions that applied for the SBLF were approved.  We were one of the institutions 
approved, and on September 1, 2011, we completed the sale of $63.5 million of Series B Preferred Stock to the 
Treasury under the SBLF (“SBLF stock”).  The initial dividend rate on SBLF stock was 5%.  The terms of the stock 
provided that our dividend rate could decrease to as low as 1% for a period of time depending on our success in 
meeting certain loan growth targets to small businesses.  Based on our increases in small business lending, we 
achieved the minimal dividend rate of 1% as of March 31, 2013.  The increase in the amount of small business 
loans remained at a level corresponding to a 1% dividend rate at September 30, 2013, at which point the terms 
of the preferred stock provided that the dividend rate remained fixed until March 1, 2016.  On March 1, 2016, 
the contractual dividend rate was set to increase to 9%.  The Company redeemed $32 million of the SBLF stock 
in June 2015 and the remaining $31.5 million in October 2015, which ended our participation in the SBLF.  See 
Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements for more information. 

FDIC Insurance 

As a member of the FDIC, the Bank’s deposits are insured by the FDIC up to a maximum amount, which is 
currently $250,000 per depositor.  For this protection, each member bank pays a quarterly statutory assessment 
(which is currently based on average total assets less average tangible equity) and is subject to the rules and 
regulations of the FDIC.   

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We recognized approximately $2.0 million, $2.4 million, and $4.0 million in FDIC insurance expense in 2016, 
2015, and 2014, respectively.  FDIC insurance expense includes deposit insurance assessments and Financing 
Corporation (“FICO”) assessments related to outstanding FICO bonds.  As discussed in more detail below related 
to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (“Dodd-Frank Act”), on April 26, 
2016, the FDIC adopted a final rule that changed the way banks with less than $10 billion in assets are assessed 
FDIC insurance once the Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”) reaches a ratio of 1.15%.  The DIF reached 1.15% at June 
30, 2016 and thus the rule was triggered.  Accordingly, the Bank’s FDIC insurance expense assessment 
methodology changed in the second half of 2016 and resulted in a decrease in the Bank’s FDIC insurance 
expense of approximately 25% compared to the prior rate, or $550,000 annually. 

Legislative and Regulatory Developments 

The most significant recent legislative and regulatory developments impacting the Company are discussed 
below. 

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010  

On July 21, 2010, the Dodd-Frank Act became law.  The Dodd-Frank Act has had and will continue to have a 
broad impact on the financial services industry, including significant regulatory and compliance changes 
including, among other things,  

•  enhanced authority over troubled and failing banks and their holding companies; 
•  increased capital and liquidity requirements; 
•  increased regulatory examination fees; and 
•  specific provisions designed to improve supervision and safety and soundness by imposing 

restrictions and limitations on the scope and type of banking and financial activities. 

In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act established a new framework for systemic risk oversight within the financial 
system that will be enforced by new and existing federal regulatory agencies, including the Financial Stability 
Oversight Council (“FSOC”), the Federal Reserve, the Office of Comptroller of the Currency, the FDIC, and the 
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.  The following description briefly summarizes aspects of the Dodd-Frank 
Act that could impact the Company, both currently and prospectively.  

Deposit Insurance.  The Dodd-Frank Act made permanent the $250,000 deposit insurance limit for insured 
deposits, which was an increase from the previous limit of $100,000.  Amendments to the Federal Deposit 
Insurance Act also revised the assessment base against which an insured depository institution’s deposit 
insurance premiums paid to the FDIC’s DIF will be calculated.  Under the amendments, which became effective 
on April 1, 2011, the FDIC assessment base is no longer the institution’s deposit base, but rather its average 
consolidated total assets less its average tangible equity.  The Dodd-Frank Act also changed the minimum 
designated reserve ratio of the DIF, increasing the minimum from 1.15% to 1.35% of the estimated amount of 
total insured deposits, and eliminating the requirement that the FDIC pay dividends to depository institutions 
when the reserve ratio exceeds certain thresholds by September 30, 2020.  On April 26, 2016, the FDIC adopted 
a final rule that would change the way banks with less than $10 billion in assets are assessed FDIC insurance 
once the DIF reaches a ratio of 1.15%. It was estimated that the change would lower assessment rates for a 
significant majority of banks with less than $10 billion in total assets. The DIF reached 1.15% at June 30, 2016 
and thus the rule was triggered.  Accordingly, the Bank’s FDIC insurance expense assessment methodology 
changed in the second half of 2016.  For the Bank, the changes resulted in a decrease in FDIC insurance expense 
of approximately 25% compared to the prior rate, or $550,000 annually. 

Trust Preferred Securities.  The Dodd-Frank Act prohibits bank holding companies from including in their 
regulatory Tier I capital hybrid debt and equity securities issued on or after May 19, 2010.  Among the hybrid 

15 

 
 
 
  
  
  
 
debt and equity securities included in this prohibition are trust preferred securities, which we have issued in the 
past in order to raise additional Tier I capital and otherwise improve our regulatory capital ratios.  Although we 
may continue to include our existing trust preferred securities as Tier I capital because they were issued prior to 
May 19, 2010, the prohibition on the use of these securities as Tier I capital may limit our ability to raise capital 
in the future.  

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.  The Dodd-Frank Act created a new, independent federal agency 
called the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), which is granted broad rulemaking, supervisory and 
enforcement powers under various federal consumer financial protection laws, including the Equal Credit 
Opportunity Act, Truth in Lending Act, Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, Fair 
Debt Collection Act, the Consumer Financial Privacy provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and certain other 
statutes.  The CFPB has examination and primary enforcement authority with respect to depository institutions 
with $10 billion or more in assets.  Depository institutions with less than $10 billion in assets, such as the Bank, 
are subject to rules promulgated by the CFPB but will continue to be examined and supervised by federal 
banking regulators for consumer compliance purposes.  The CFPB will have authority to prevent unfair, 
deceptive or abusive practices in connection with the offering of consumer financial products.   

The Dodd-Frank Act also authorized the CFPB to establish certain minimum standards for the origination of 
residential mortgages, including a determination of the borrower's ability to repay.  Among other things, the 
rules adopted by the CFPB require banks to: (i) develop and implement procedures to ensure compliance with a 
“reasonable ability to repay” test and identify whether a loan meets a new definition for a “qualified mortgage,” 
in which case a rebuttable presumption exists that the creditor extending the loan has satisfied the reasonable 
ability to repay test; (ii) implement new or revised disclosures, policies and procedures for originating and 
servicing mortgages including, but not limited to, pre-loan counseling, early intervention with delinquent 
borrowers and specific loss mitigation procedures for loans secured by a borrower's principal residence; (iii) 
comply with additional restrictions on mortgage loan originator hiring and compensation; (iv) comply with new 
disclosure requirements and standards for appraisals and certain financial products; and (v) maintain escrow 
accounts for higher-priced mortgage loans for a longer period of time.  It is our policy not to make predatory 
loans and to determine borrowers’ ability to repay, but the law and related rules create the potential for 
increased liability with respect to our lending and loan investment activities.  They increase our cost of doing 
business and ultimately, may prevent us from making certain loans and cause us to reduce the average 
percentage rate or the points and fees on loans that we do make. 

The Dodd-Frank Act also permits states to adopt consumer protection laws and standards that are more 
stringent than those adopted at the federal level and, in certain circumstances, permits state attorney generals 
to enforce compliance with both the state and federal laws and regulations.  Compliance with any such new 
regulations established by the CFPB and/or states could reduce our revenue, increase our cost of operations, 
and limit our ability to expand into certain products and services.  

Debit Card Interchange Fees.  The Dodd-Frank Act gave the Federal Reserve the authority to establish rules 
regarding interchange fees charged for electronic debit transactions by payment card issuers having assets over 
$10 billion and to enforce a new statutory requirement that such fees be reasonable and proportional to the 
actual cost of a transaction to the issuer.  Effective October 1, 2011, the Federal Reserve set new caps on 
interchange fees at $0.21 per transaction, plus an additional five basis-point charge per transaction to help cover 
fraud losses.  An additional $0.01 per transaction is allowed if certain fraud-monitoring controls are in place.  
While we are not directly subject to these rules so long as our assets do not exceed $10 billion, our activities as a 
debit card issuer may nevertheless be indirectly impacted by the change in the applicable debit card market 
caused by these regulations, which may require us to match any new lower fee structure implemented by larger 
financial institutions in order to remain competitive in the future.  Nevertheless, to date, the Company has not 

16 

  
 
 
  
noted any significant indirect negative effects of the interchange fee caps that are applicable to the larger 
financial institutions. 

Increased Capital Standards and Enhanced Supervision.  The Dodd-Frank Act required the federal banking 
agencies to establish minimum leverage and risk-based capital requirements for banks and bank holding 
companies.  These new standards are to be no less strict than existing regulatory capital and leverage standards 
applicable to insured depository institutions and may, in fact, become higher once the agencies promulgate the 
new standards.  Compliance with heightened capital standards may reduce our ability to generate or originate 
revenue-producing assets and thereby restrict revenue generation from banking and non-banking operations.  
See discussion of the new capital requirements established by the federal banking agencies under “Recent 
Amendments to Regulatory Capital Requirement under Basel III” below. 

Transactions with Affiliates.  The Dodd-Frank Act enhances the requirements for certain transactions with 
affiliates under Section 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act, including an expansion of the definition of 
“covered transactions,” and an increase in the amount of time for which collateral requirements regarding 
covered transactions must be maintained.  

Transactions with Insiders.  The Dodd-Frank Act expands insider transaction limitations through the 
strengthening of loan restrictions to insiders and the expansion of the types of transactions subject to the 
various limits, including derivative transactions, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements and 
securities lending and borrowing transactions.  The Dodd-Frank Act also places restrictions on certain asset sales 
to and from an insider of an institution, including requirements that such sales be on market terms and, in 
certain circumstances, receive the approval of the institution’s board of directors.  

Enhanced Lending Limits.  The Dodd-Frank Act strengthens the existing limits on a depository institution’s credit 
exposure to one borrower.  Federal banking law limits a national bank’s ability to extend credit to one person or 
group of related persons to an amount that does not exceed certain thresholds.  The Dodd-Frank Act expands 
the scope of these restrictions to include credit exposure arising from derivative transactions, repurchase 
agreements and securities lending and borrowing transactions.  It also will eventually prohibit state-chartered 
banks, including the Bank, from engaging in derivative transactions unless the state lending limit laws take into 
account credit exposure to such transactions.  

Corporate Governance.  The Dodd-Frank Act addresses many corporate governance and executive compensation 
matters that affects most U.S. publicly traded companies, including the Company.  The Dodd-Frank Act:  

•  grants shareholders of U.S. publicly traded companies an advisory vote on executive compensation; 
•  enhances independence requirements for compensation committee members; 
• 

requires companies listed on national securities exchanges to adopt clawback policies for incentive-
based compensation plans applicable to executive officers; and 

•  provides the SEC with authority to adopt proxy access rules that would allow shareholders of publicly 
traded companies to nominate candidates for election as directors and require such companies to 
include such nominees in its proxy materials. 

The Volcker Rule.  Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act, known as the “Volcker Rule,” prohibits any bank, bank 
holding company, or affiliate (referred to collectively as “banking entities”) from engaging in two types of 
activities: “proprietary trading” and the ownership or sponsorship of private equity or hedge funds that are 
referred to as “covered funds.”  Proprietary trading is, in general, trading in securities on a short-term basis for a 
banking entity's own account.  Funds subject to the ownership and sponsorship prohibition are those not 
required to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission because they have only accredited investors 
or no more than 100 investors.  In December 2013, our primary federal regulator, the Federal Reserve, together 
with other federal banking agencies, the FDIC, the SEC and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, 

17 

  
 
  
  
  
 
finalized a regulation to implement the Volcker Rule.  The Company has evaluated our securities portfolio and 
has determined that we do not hold any covered funds. 

Many of the requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act remain subject to implementation over the course of several 
years.  While we do not currently expect the final requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act to have a material 
adverse impact on the Company, we do expect them to negatively impact our profitability, require changes to 
certain of our business practices, including limitations on fee income opportunities, and impose more stringent 
capital, liquidity and leverage requirements upon the Company.  These changes may also require us to invest 
significant management attention and resources to evaluate and make any changes necessary to comply with 
the new statutory and regulatory requirements.   

Incentive Compensation.  The Dodd-Frank Act requires the federal bank regulators and the SEC to establish joint 
regulations or guidelines prohibiting incentive-based payment arrangements at specified regulated entities 
having at least $1 billion in total assets that encourage inappropriate risks by providing an executive officer, 
employee, director or principal stockholder with excessive compensation, fees, or benefits or that could lead to 
material financial loss to the entity.  In addition, these regulators must establish regulations or guidelines 
requiring enhanced disclosure to regulators of incentive-based compensation arrangements.  The agencies 
proposed such regulations in April 2011.  However, the 2011 proposal was replaced with a new proposal in May 
2016, which makes explicit that the involvement of risk management and control personnel includes not only 
compliance, risk management and internal audit, but also legal, human resources, accounting, financial 
reporting and finance roles responsible for identifying, measuring, monitoring or controlling risk-taking.  A final 
rule had not been adopted as of December 31, 2016. 

In June 2010, the Federal Reserve, along with other bank regulatory agencies, issued a comprehensive final 
guidance on incentive compensation policies intended to ensure that the incentive compensation policies of 
banking organizations do not undermine the safety and soundness of such organizations by encouraging 
excessive risk-taking.  The guidance, which covers all employees that have the ability to materially affect the risk 
profile of an organization, either individually or as part of a group, is based upon the key principles that a 
banking organization’s incentive compensation arrangements should (i) provide incentives that do not 
encourage risk-taking beyond the organization’s ability to effectively identify and manage risks, (ii) be 
compatible with effective internal controls and risk management, and (iii) be supported by strong corporate 
governance, including active and effective oversight by the organization’s board of directors.  

Regulatory Capital Requirement under Basel III 

In July 2013, the federal banking agencies approved amendments to their regulatory capital rules to conform 
U.S. regulatory capital rules with the international regulatory standards agreed to by the Basel Committee on 
Banking Supervision in the accord referred to as “Basel III.”  The revisions  established new higher capital ratio 
requirements, narrowed the definitions of capital, imposed new operating restrictions on banking organizations 
with insufficient capital buffers and increased the risk weighting of certain assets.  The new capital requirements 
applied to all banks, savings associations, bank holding companies with more than $1 billion in total consolidated 
assets, such as the Company and the Bank, and all savings and loan holding companies regardless of asset size.  
The rules became effective for institutions with assets over $250 billion and internationally active institutions in 
January 2014 and became effective for all other institutions in January 2015.  The following discussion 
summarizes the changes that had the most effect on the Company and the Bank. 

•  New and Increased Capital Requirements. The regulations established a new capital measure called 
“Common Equity Tier I Capital” consisting of common stock and related surplus, retained earnings, 
accumulated other comprehensive income and, subject to certain adjustments, minority common equity 
interests in subsidiaries.  Unlike the previous rules which excluded unrealized gains and losses on 

18 

  
 
 
 
 
 
available-for-sale debt securities from regulatory capital, the amended rules generally require 
accumulated other comprehensive income to flow through to regulatory capital unless a one-time, 
irrevocable opt-out election is made in the first regulatory reporting period under the new rule.  
Depository institutions and their holding companies were required to maintain Common Equity Tier I 
Capital equal to 4.5% of risk-weighted assets starting in 2015.   

The regulations also increased the required ratio of Tier I Capital to risk-weighted assets from 4% to 6% 
effective January 1, 2015.  Tier I Capital consists of Common Equity Tier I Capital plus Additional Tier I 
Capital which includes non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock.  Cumulative preferred stock (other 
than cumulative preferred stock issued to the U.S. Treasury under the TARP Capital Purchase Program or 
the Small Business Lending Fund) no longer qualifies as Additional Tier I Capital.  Trust preferred 
securities and other non-qualifying capital instruments issued prior to May 19, 2010 by bank and savings 
and loan holding companies with less than $15 billion in assets as of December 31, 2009, such as the 
Company, may continue to be included in Tier I Capital, but these instruments will be phased out over 
10 years beginning in 2016 for all other banking organizations.  These non-qualified capital instruments, 
however, may be included in Tier II Capital which could also include qualifying subordinated debt.  

•  Changes to Prompt Corrective Action Capital Categories.  The Prompt Corrective Action rules, effective 
January 1, 2015, incorporated the Common Equity Tier I Capital requirement and raised the capital 
requirements for certain capital categories.  In order to be adequately capitalized for purposes of the 
prompt corrective action rules, a banking organization is now required to have at least an 8% Total Risk-
Based Capital Ratio, a 6% Tier I Risk-Based Capital Ratio, a 4.5% Common Equity Tier I Risk Based Capital 
Ratio and a 4% Tier I Leverage Ratio.  To be well capitalized, a banking organization is required to have at 
least a 10% Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio, an 8% Tier I Risk-Based Capital Ratio, a 6.5% Common Equity 
Tier I Risk-Based Capital Ratio, a 5% Tier I Leverage Ratio, and is not subject to any order or written 
directive to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure. 

•  Capital Buffer Requirement. In addition to increased capital requirements, depository institutions and 

their holding companies are required to maintain a capital buffer of at least 2.5% of risk-weighted assets 
over and above the minimum risk-based capital requirements.  Institutions that do not maintain the 
required capital buffer will become subject to progressively more stringent limitations on the 
percentage of earnings that can be paid out in dividends or used for stock repurchases and on the 
payment of discretionary bonuses to senior executive management.  The capital buffer requirement is 
being phased in over a four-year period beginning in 2016.  The capital buffer requirement effectively 
raises the minimum required risk-based capital ratios to 7% Common Equity Tier I Capital, 8.5% Tier I 
Capital and 10.5% Total Capital on a fully phased-in basis.  The capital buffer requirement for the 
Company began to be phased in beginning January 1, 2016, at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets, increasing 
each year until fully implemented at 2.5% on January 1, 2019. 

•  Additional Deductions from Capital.  Banking organizations are required to deduct goodwill and certain 
other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities, from Common Equity Tier I Capital.  
Deferred tax assets arising from temporary timing differences that cannot be realized through net 
operating loss (“NOL”) carrybacks will continue to be deducted.  Deferred tax assets that can be realized 
through NOL carrybacks are now not deducted but will be subject to 100% risk weighting.  Defined 
benefit pension fund assets, net of any associated deferred tax liability, are now deducted from 
Common Equity Tier I Capital unless the banking organization has unrestricted and unfettered access to 
such assets.  Reciprocal cross-holdings of capital instruments in any other financial institutions are now 
deducted from capital, not just holdings in other depository institutions.  For this purpose, financial 
institutions are broadly defined to include securities and commodities firms, hedge and private equity 
funds and non-depository lenders.  Banking organizations are now also required to deduct non-
significant investments (less than 10% of outstanding stock) in other financial institutions to the extent 

19 

 
 
 
 
these exceed 10% of Common Equity Tier I Capital subject to a 15% of Common Equity Tier I Capital 
cap.  Greater than 10% investments must be deducted if they exceed 10% of Common Equity Tier I 
Capital.  If the aggregate amount of certain items excluded from capital deduction due to a 10% 
threshold exceeds 17.65% of Common Equity Tier I Capital, the excess must be deducted.  

•  Changes in Risk-Weightings.  The amended regulations continue to follow the previous capital rules 

which assign a 50% risk-weighting to “qualifying mortgage loans” which generally consist of residential 
first mortgages with an 80% loan-to-value ratio (or which carry mortgage insurance that reduces the 
bank’s exposure to 80%) that are not more than 90 days past due.  All other mortgage loans continue to 
have a 100% risk weight.  The revised regulations apply a 250% risk-weighting to mortgage servicing 
rights, deferred tax assets that cannot be realized through NOL carrybacks and investments in the 
capital instruments of other financial institutions that are not deducted from capital.  The revised 
regulations also created a new 150% risk-weighting category for nonaccrual loans and loans that are 
more than 90 days past due and for “high volatility commercial real estate loans,” which are credit 
facilities for the acquisition, construction or development of real property other than for certain 
community development projects, agricultural land and one- to four-family residential properties or 
commercial real projects where: (i) the loan-to-value ratio is not in excess of interagency real estate 
lending standards; and (ii) the borrower has contributed capital equal to not less than 15% of the real 
estate’s “as completed” value before the loan was made. 

The final rules became effective for the Company and the Bank on January 1, 2015. 

We believe that both the Company and the Bank will continue to meet all capital adequacy requirements under 
the fully phased-in final rules.   

See “Capital Resources and Shareholders’ Equity” under Item 7 below for further discussion of regulatory capital 
requirements. 

Liquidity Requirements 

Historically, the regulation and monitoring of bank and bank holding company liquidity has been addressed as a 
supervisory matter, without required formulaic measures.  Liquidity risk management has become increasingly 
important since the financial crisis.  The Basel III liquidity framework requires banks and bank holding companies 
to measure their liquidity against specific liquidity tests that, although similar in some respects to liquidity 
measures historically applied by banks and regulators for management and supervisory purposes, going forward 
would be required by regulation.  One test, referred to as the liquidity coverage ratio (“LCR”), is designed to 
ensure that the banking entity maintains an adequate level of unencumbered high-quality liquid assets equal to 
the entity’s expected net cash outflow for a 30-day time horizon (or, if greater, 25% of its expected total cash 
outflow) under an acute liquidity stress scenario.  The other test, referred to as the net stable funding ratio 
(“NSFR”), is designed to promote more medium- and long-term funding of the assets and activities of banking 
entities over a one-year time horizon.  These requirements will incent banking entities to increase their holdings 
of U.S. Treasury securities and other sovereign debt as a component of assets and increase the use of long-term 
debt as a funding source.  

In September 2014, the federal bank regulators approved final rules implementing the LCR for advanced 
approaches banking organizations (i.e., banking organizations with $250 billion or more in total consolidated 
assets or $10 billion or more in total on-balance sheet foreign exposure) and a modified version of the LCR for 
bank holding companies with at least $50 billion in total consolidated assets that are not advanced approach 
banking organizations, neither of which would apply to the Company or the Bank.  The federal bank regulators 
have not yet proposed rules to implement the NSFR or addressed the scope of bank organizations to which it 
will apply.   

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Privacy and Cybersecurity 

The federal banking regulators have adopted rules that limit the ability of banks and other financial institutions 
to disclose non-public information about consumers to non-affiliated third parties.  These limitations require 
disclosure of privacy policies to consumers and, in some circumstances, allow consumers to prevent disclosure 
of certain personal information to a non-affiliated third party.  These regulations affect how consumer 
information is transmitted through diversified financial companies and conveyed to outside vendors.  In 
addition, consumers may also prevent disclosure of certain information among affiliated companies that is 
assembled or used to determine eligibility for a product or service, such as that shown on consumer credit 
reports and asset and income information from applications.  Consumers also have the option to direct banks 
and other financial institutions not to share information about transactions and experiences with affiliated 
companies for the purpose of marketing products or services. 

In March 2015, federal regulators issued two related statements regarding cybersecurity.  One statement 
indicates that financial institutions should design multiple layers of security controls to establish lines of defense 
and to ensure that their risk management processes also address the risk posed by compromised customer 
credentials, including security measures to reliably authenticate customers accessing Internet-based services of 
the financial institution.  The other statement indicates that a financial institution’s management is expected to 
maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure the rapid recovery, resumption and 
maintenance of the institution’s operations after a cyber-attack involving destructive malware.  A financial 
institution is also expected to develop appropriate processes to enable recovery of data and business operations 
and address rebuilding network capabilities and restoring data if the institution or its critical service providers 
fall victim to this type of cyber-attack. The Company has multiple Information Security Programs that reflect the 
requirements of this guidance. If, however, we fail to observe the regulatory guidance in the future, we could be 
subject to various regulatory sanctions, including financial penalties. 

Anti-Money Laundering and the USA Patriot Act 

A major focus of governmental policy on financial institutions in recent years has been aimed at combating 
money laundering and terrorist financing. The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (the “USA Patriot Act”) substantially 
broadened the scope of United States anti-money laundering laws and regulations by imposing significant new 
compliance and due diligence obligations on financial institutions, creating new crimes and penalties and 
expanding the extra-territorial jurisdiction of the United States.  

On May 11, 2016, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) issued new anti-money laundering 
(“AML”) rules governing corporate entities doing business with banks and other financial institutions that are 
subject to the requirements of the USA Patriot Act.  The AML rules impose significant due diligence obligations 
on financial institutions with respect to opening of new accounts and the monitoring of existing accounts. Under 
the AML rules, a financial institution must identify persons owning or controlling 25% or more of a “legal entity,” 
whenever the legal entity opens a new account at the bank.  The financial institution must also identify an 
individual who has substantial management authority at the legal entity, such as a CEO, CFO, or managing 
partner.  These new AML rules become effective in May 2018. 

The AML rules codify within the FinCEN regulations the “pillars” that must be included in a financial institutions 
AML compliance program.  Regulators previously communicated their expectations with respect to four of these 
pillars: (1) the development of internal policies, procedures, and control; (2) the designation of a compliance 
officer; (3) the establishment of an ongoing employee training program; and (4) the implementation of an 
independent audit function to test programs.  The new beneficial ownership requirement establishes a fifth 
pillar. Among other things, this new pillar includes the necessity to monitor and update the beneficial ownership 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
of a legal entity, including the need to subject corporate borrowers to due diligence requests from financial 
institutions for certifications with respect to their beneficial owners.  Failure of a financial institution to maintain 
and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing, or to comply with all of 
the relevant laws or regulations, could have serious legal and reputational consequences for the institution, 
including causing applicable bank regulatory authorities not to approve merger or acquisition transactions when 
regulatory approval is required or to prohibit such transactions even if approval is not required.  

Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation  

The United States has imposed economic sanctions that affect transactions with designated foreign countries, 
nationals and others which are administered by the U.S. Treasury Department Office of Foreign Assets Control 
(“OFAC”). Failure to comply with these sanctions could have serious legal and reputational consequences, 
including causing applicable bank regulatory authorities not to approve merger or acquisition transactions when 
regulatory approval is required or to prohibit such transactions even if approval is not required.  

Neither the Company nor the Bank can predict what other legislation might be enacted or what other 
regulations or assessments might be adopted. 

Available Information 

We maintain a corporate Internet site at www.LocalFirstBank.com, which contains a link within the “Investor 
Relations” section of the site to each of our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our 
annual reports on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, our current reports on Form 8-K, and 
amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act 
of 1934.  These filings are available, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file 
such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.  These filings can also be accessed 
at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website located at www.sec.gov.  Information included on our 
Internet site is not incorporated by reference into this annual report.   

Item 1A.   Risk Factors 

An investment in our common stock involves certain risks.  Before you invest in our common stock, you should 
be aware that there are various risks, including those described below, which could affect the value of your 
investment in the future.  The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and 
you may lose all or part of your investment.  The risk factors described in this section, as well as any cautionary 
language in this report, provide examples of risks, uncertainties and events that could have a material adverse 
effect on our business, including our operating results and financial condition.  In addition to the risks and 
uncertainties described below, other risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we currently 
deem to be immaterial, also may materially or adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of 
operations.  The value or market price of our common stock could decline due to any of these identified or other 
unidentified risks. 

Unfavorable economic conditions could adversely affect our business.  

Our business is subject to periodic fluctuations based on national, regional and local economic conditions.  These 
fluctuations are not predictable, cannot be controlled, and may have a material adverse impact on our 
operations and financial condition.  Our banking operations are primarily locally oriented and community-based.  
Our retail and commercial banking activities are primarily concentrated within the same geographic footprint.  
Our markets include most of North Carolina and parts of South Carolina.  Worsening economic conditions within 
our markets could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
flows.  Accordingly, we expect to continue to be dependent upon local business conditions as well as conditions 
in the local residential and commercial real estate markets we serve. Unfavorable changes in unemployment, 
real estate values, interest rates and other factors could weaken the economies of the communities we serve.  
In recent years, economic growth and business activity across a wide range of industries has been slow and 
uneven and there can be no assurance that economic conditions will continue to improve, and these conditions 
could worsen.  In addition, oil price volatility, the level of U.S. debt and global economic conditions have had a 
destabilizing effect on financial markets.  Weakness in any of our market areas could have an adverse impact on 
our earnings, and consequently our financial condition and capital adequacy. 

If our goodwill becomes impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings.  

We have goodwill recorded on our balance sheet as an asset with a carrying value as of December 31, 2016 of 
$75.0 million.  Under generally accepted accounting principles, goodwill is required to be tested for impairment 
at least annually and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely 
than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.  The test for goodwill impairment 
involves comparing the fair value of a company’s reporting units to their respective carrying values.  We have 
three reporting units – 1) First Bank with $67.5 million in goodwill, 2) First Bank Insurance with $2.0 million in 
goodwill, and 3) SBA activities, including SBA Complete and the SBA lending division, with $5.5 million in 
goodwill.  The price of our common stock is one of several factors available for estimating the fair value of our 
reporting units and is most closely associated with our First Bank reporting unit.  Although the price of our 
common stock is currently trading above the book value, for most of the last several years, it has traded below 
the book value of our Company.  Subject to the results of other valuation techniques, if this situation were to 
return and persist, it could indicate that a portion of our goodwill is impaired.  Accordingly, for this reason or 
other reasons that indicate that the goodwill at any of our reporting units is impaired, we may be required to 
record a significant charge to earnings in our financial statements during the period in which any impairment of 
our goodwill is determined, which could have a negative impact on our results of operations. 

New capital rules that were recently issued generally require insured depository institutions and their holding 
companies to hold more capital.  The impact of the new rules on our financial condition and operations is 
uncertain but could be materially adverse. 

In July 2013, the federal banking agencies approved amendments to their regulatory capital rules to conform 
U.S. regulatory capital rules with the international regulatory standards agreed to by the Basel Committee on 
Banking Supervision in the accord referred to as “Basel III.”  The new rules substantially amended the regulatory 
risk-based capital rules applicable to us.  The rules became effective on January 1, 2015 for the Company and the 
Bank and will be fully phased in by January 1, 2019. 

The rules include certain new and higher risk-based capital and leverage requirements than those previously in 
place.  Specifically, the following minimum capital requirements apply to us at December 31, 2016:  

•  a new common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 5.125% (fully phased-in requirement of 7%); 
•  a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.625% (fully phased-in requirement of 8.5%); 
•  a total risk-based capital ratio of 8.625% (fully phased-in requirement of 10.5%); and 
•  a leverage ratio of 4%. 

In general, the rules have had the effect of increasing capital requirements by increasing the risk weights on 
certain assets, including high volatility commercial real estate, certain loans past due 90 days or more or in 
nonaccrual status, mortgage servicing rights not includable in common equity tier 1 capital, equity exposures, 
and claims on securities firms, that are used in the denominator of the three risk-based capital ratios. 
In addition, in the current economic and regulatory environment, bank regulators may impose capital 
requirements that are more stringent than those required by applicable existing regulations.  The application of 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
more stringent capital requirements for us could, among other things, result in lower returns on equity, require 
the raising of additional capital, and result in regulatory actions if we were to be unable to comply with such 
requirements.  Implementation of changes to asset risk weightings for risk-based capital calculations, items 
included or deducted in calculating regulatory capital or additional capital conservation buffers, could result in 
management modifying our business strategy and could limit our ability to make distributions, including paying 
dividends or buying back our shares. 

We might be required to raise additional capital in the future, but that capital may not be available or may 
not be available on terms acceptable to us when it is needed. 

We are required to maintain adequate capital levels to support our operations.  In the future, we might need to 
raise additional capital to support growth, absorb loan losses, or meet more stringent capital requirements.  Our 
ability to raise additional capital will depend on conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside 
our control, and on our financial performance.  Accordingly, we cannot be certain of our ability to raise 
additional capital in the future if needed or on terms acceptable to us.  If we cannot raise additional capital 
when needed, our ability to conduct our business could be materially impaired. 

We may issue additional shares of stock or equity derivative securities that will dilute the percentage 
ownership interest of existing shareholders and may dilute the book value per share of our common stock and 
adversely affect the terms on which we may obtain additional capital. 

Our authorized capital includes 40,000,000 shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock.  As 
of December 31, 2016, we had 20,844,505 shares of common stock outstanding and had reserved for issuance 
59,948 shares underlying options that are or may become exercisable at an average price of $17.18 per share.  
In addition, as of December 31, 2016, we had the ability to issue 853,920 shares of common stock pursuant to 
options and restricted stock under our existing equity compensation plans and 261,446 contingently issuable 
shares that are tied to performance goals associated with a corporate acquisition.  Our March 3, 2017 
acquisition of Carolina Bank resulted in the issuance of approximately 3,800,000 common shares. 

Subject to applicable NASDAQ rules, our board generally has the authority, without action by or vote of the 
shareholders, to issue all or part of any authorized but unissued shares of stock for any corporate purpose.  Such 
corporate purposes could include, among other things, issuances of equity-based incentives under or outside of 
our equity compensation plans, issuances of equity in business combination transactions, and issuances of 
equity to raise additional capital to support growth or to otherwise strengthen our balance sheet.  Any issuance 
of additional shares of stock or equity derivative securities will dilute the percentage ownership interest of our 
shareholders and may dilute the book value per share of our common stock.  Shares we issue in connection with 
any such offering will increase the total number of outstanding shares and may dilute the economic and voting 
ownership interest of our existing shareholders.  

The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us. 

Our ability to engage in routine funding transactions could be adversely affected by the actions and commercial 
soundness of other financial institutions.  Financial services companies are interrelated as a result of trading, 
clearing, counterparty or other relationships.  We have exposure to many different industries and 
counterparties, and we routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, 
including brokers and dealers, commercial banks, and investment banks.  Defaults by, or even rumors or 
questions about, one or more financial services companies, or the financial services industry generally, have led 
to market-wide liquidity problems and could lead to losses or defaults by us or by other institutions.  We can 
make no assurance that any such losses would not materially and adversely affect our business, financial 
condition or results of operations. 

24 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
We are subject to extensive regulation, which could have an adverse effect on our operations. 

We are subject to extensive regulation and supervision from the North Carolina Commissioner of Banks and the 
Federal Reserve.  This regulation and supervision is intended primarily for the protection of the FDIC insurance 
fund and our depositors and borrowers, rather than for holders of our equity securities.  In the past, our 
business has been materially affected by these regulations.  This trend is likely to continue in the future.  

Regulatory authorities have extensive discretion in their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the 
imposition of restrictions on operations, the classification of our assets and the determination of the level of 
allowance for loan losses.  Changes in the regulations that apply to us, or changes in our compliance with 
regulations, could have a material impact on our operations. 

Financial reform legislation enacted by the U.S. Congress, and further changes in regulation to which we are 
exposed, will result in additional new laws and regulations that are expected to increase our costs of 
operations. 

The Dodd-Frank Act has and will continue to significantly change bank regulatory structure and affect lending, 
deposit, investment, and operating activities of financial institutions and their holding companies.  The Dodd-
Frank Act requires various federal agencies to adopt a broad range of new rules and regulations, and to prepare 
numerous studies and reports for Congress.  The federal agencies are given significant discretion in drafting and 
implementing the rules and regulations, and consequently, many of the details and much of the impact of the 
Dodd-Frank Act may not be known for many months or years.  See “Legislative and Regulatory Developments – 
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010” above for additional information 
regarding the Dodd-Frank Act. 

The Dodd-Frank Act also created the CFPB and gave it broad rule-making authority for a wide range of consumer 
protection laws that apply to all banks and savings institutions, including the authority to prohibit “unfair, 
deceptive or abusive” acts and practices.  Additionally, the CFPB has examination and enforcement authority 
over all banks and savings institutions with more than $10 billion in assets. 

Proposals for further regulation of the financial services industry are continually being introduced in the United 
States Congress.  The agencies regulating the financial services industry also periodically adopt changes to their 
regulations.  It is possible that additional legislative proposals may be adopted or regulatory changes may be 
made that would have an adverse effect on our business.  In addition, it is expected that such regulatory 
changes will increase our operating and compliance cost.  We can provide no assurance regarding the manner in 
which new laws and regulations will affect us. 

We are subject to interest rate risk, which could negatively impact earnings. 

Net interest income is the most significant component of our earnings.  Our net interest income results from the 
difference between the yields we earn on our interest-earning assets, primarily loans and investments, and the 
rates that we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, primarily deposits and borrowings.  When interest rates 
change, the yields we earn on our interest-earning assets and the rates we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities 
do not necessarily move in tandem with each other because of the difference between their maturities and 
repricing characteristics.  This mismatch can negatively impact net interest income if the margin between yields 
earned and rates paid narrows.  Interest rate environment changes can occur at any time and are affected by 
many factors that are outside our control, including inflation, recession, unemployment trends, the Federal 
Reserve’s monetary policy, domestic and international disorder and instability in domestic and foreign financial 
markets. 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
Our allowance for loan losses may not be adequate to cover actual losses. 

Like all financial institutions, we maintain an allowance for loan losses to provide for probable losses caused by 
customer loan defaults.  The allowance for loan losses may not be adequate to cover actual loan losses, and in 
this case additional and larger provisions for loan losses would be required to replenish the allowance.  
Provisions for loan losses are a direct charge against income. 

We establish the amount of the allowance for loan losses based on historical loss rates, as well as estimates and 
assumptions about future events.  Because of the extensive use of estimates and assumptions, our actual loan 
losses could differ, possibly significantly, from our estimate.  We believe that our allowance for loan losses is 
adequate to provide for probable losses, but it is possible that the allowance for loan losses will need to be 
increased for credit reasons or that regulators will require us to increase this allowance.  Either of these 
occurrences could materially and adversely affect our earnings and profitability. 

In addition, the measure of our allowance for loan losses is dependent on the adoption of new accounting 
standards.  The Financial Accounting Standards Board recently issued an Accounting Standards Update related 
to a new credit impairment model, the Current Expected Credit Loss ("CECL") model, which requires financial 
institutions to estimate and develop a provision for credit losses at origination for the lifetime of the loan, as 
opposed to reserving for probable incurred losses up to the balance sheet date.  Under the CECL model, credit 
deterioration will be reflected in the income statement in the period of origination or acquisition of the loan, 
with changes in expected credit losses due to further credit deterioration or improvement reflected in the 
periods in which the expectation changes.  Accordingly, the CECL model will require financial institutions like the 
Bank to increase their allowances for loan losses.  Moreover, the CECL model will likely create more volatility in 
our level of allowance for loan losses. 

We may make future acquisitions, which could dilute current shareholders’ stock ownership and expose us to 
additional risks.  

In accordance with our strategic plan, we evaluate opportunities to acquire other banks and branch locations to 
expand the Company. As a result, we may engage in acquisitions and other transactions that could have a 
material effect on our operating results and financial condition, including short and long-term liquidity.  Our 
acquisition activities could require us to issue a significant number of shares of common stock or other securities 
and/or to use a substantial amount of cash, other liquid assets, and/or incur debt.  In addition, if goodwill 
recorded in connection with our potential future acquisitions were determined to be impaired, then we would 
be required to recognize a charge against our earnings, which could materially and adversely affect our results 
of operations during the period in which the impairment was recognized.  

Our acquisition activities could involve a number of additional risks, some of which are described in more detail 
elsewhere in this report and include:  

·  

·  

·  

the possibility that expected benefits may not materialize in the timeframe expected or at all, or 
may be more costly to achieve; 

incurring the time and expense associated with identifying and evaluating potential acquisitions and 
merger partners and negotiating potential transactions, resulting in management’s attention being 
diverted from the operation of our existing business; 

using inaccurate estimates and judgments to evaluate credit, operations, management, and market 
risks with respect to the target institution or assets; 

·  

incurring the time and expense required to integrate the operations and personnel of the combined 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
businesses; 

·  

·  

·  

·  

·  

the possibility that we will be unable to successfully implement integration strategies, due to 
challenges associated with integrating complex systems, technology, banking centers, and other 
assets of the acquired bank in a manner that minimizes any adverse effect on customers, suppliers, 
employees, and other constituencies; 

the possibility of regulatory approval for the acquisition being delayed, impeded, restrictively 
conditioned or denied due to existing or new regulatory issues surrounding the Company, the target 
institution or the proposed combined entity as a result of, among other things, issues related to 
anti-money laundering/Bank Secrecy Act compliance, fair lending laws, fair housing laws, consumer 
protection laws, unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices regulations, or the Community 
Reinvestment Act, and the possibility that any such issues associated with the target institution, 
which we may or may not be aware of at the time of the acquisition, could impact the combined 
entity after completion of the acquisition; 

the possibility that the acquisition may not be timely completed, if at all; 

creating an adverse short-term effect on our results of operations; and 

losing key employees and customers as a result of an acquisition that is poorly received. 

If we do not successfully manage these risks, our acquisition activities could have a material adverse effect on 
our operating results and financial condition, including short- and long-term liquidity.  

Future acquisitions may be delayed, impeded, or prohibited due to regulatory issues.  

Future acquisitions by the Company, particularly those of financial institutions, are subject to approval by a 
variety of federal and state regulatory agencies (collectively, “regulatory approvals”). The process for obtaining 
these required regulatory approvals has become substantially more difficult in recent years. Regulatory 
approvals could be delayed, impeded, restrictively conditioned or denied due to existing or new regulatory 
issues we have, or may have, with regulatory agencies, including, without limitation, issues related to 
anti-money laundering/Bank Secrecy Act compliance, fair lending laws, fair housing laws, consumer protection 
laws, unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices regulations, Community Reinvestment Act issues, and other 
similar laws and regulations. We may fail to pursue, evaluate or complete strategic and competitively significant 
acquisition opportunities as a result of our inability, or perceived or anticipated inability, to obtain regulatory 
approvals in a timely manner, under reasonable conditions or at all. Difficulties associated with potential 
acquisitions that may result from these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, and, in 
turn, our financial condition and results of operations.  

We may be exposed to difficulties in combining the operations of acquired businesses into our own 
operations, which may prevent us from achieving the expected benefits from our acquisition activities.  

We may not be able to fully achieve the strategic objectives and operating efficiencies that we anticipate in our 
acquisition activities. Inherent uncertainties exist in integrating the operations of an acquired business. In 
addition, the markets and industries in which the Company and our potential acquisition targets operate are 
highly competitive. We may lose customers or the customers of acquired entities as a result of an acquisition. 
We also may lose key personnel from the acquired entity as a result of an acquisition. We may not discover all 
known and unknown factors when examining a company for acquisition during the due diligence period. These 
factors could produce unintended and unexpected consequences for us. Undiscovered factors as a result of 
acquisition, pursued by non-related third party entities, could bring civil, criminal, and financial liabilities against 
us, our management, and the management of those entities acquired. These factors could contribute to the 
Company not achieving the expected benefits from its acquisitions within desired time frames.  

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In the normal course of business, we process large volumes of transactions involving millions of dollars.  If our 
internal controls fail to work as expected, if our systems are used in an unauthorized manner, or if our 
employees subvert our internal controls, we could experience significant losses. 

We process large volumes of transactions on a daily basis and are exposed to numerous types of operational 
risk.  Operational risk includes the risk of fraud by persons inside or outside the Company, the execution of 
unauthorized transactions by employees, errors relating to transaction processing and systems and breaches of 
the internal control system and compliance requirements.  This risk also includes potential legal actions that 
could arise as a result of an operational deficiency or as a result of noncompliance with applicable regulatory 
standards. 

We establish and maintain systems of internal operational controls that provide us with timely and accurate 
information about our level of operational risk.  Although not foolproof, these systems have been designed to 
manage operational risk at appropriate, cost-effective levels.  Procedures exist that are designed to ensure that 
policies relating to conduct, ethics, and business practices are followed.  From time to time, losses from 
operational risk may occur, including the effects of operational errors.  We continually monitor and improve our 
internal controls, data processing systems, and corporate-wide processes and procedures, but there can be no 
assurance that future losses will not occur. 

We face a risk of noncompliance and enforcement action with the Bank Secrecy Act and other anti‑money 
laundering statutes and regulations.  

The federal Bank Secrecy Act, the Patriot Act and other laws and regulations require financial institutions, 
among other duties, to institute and maintain effective anti-money laundering programs and file suspicious 
activity and currency transaction reports as appropriate.  The federal Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, 
established by the U.S. Treasury Department to administer the Bank Secrecy Act, is authorized to impose 
significant civil money penalties for violations of those requirements and has recently engaged in coordinated 
enforcement efforts with the individual federal banking regulators, as well as the U.S. Department of Justice, 
Drug Enforcement Administration and Internal Revenue Service.  There is also increased scrutiny of compliance 
with the rules enforced by the OFAC.  Federal and state bank regulators also have begun to focus on compliance 
with Bank Secrecy Act and anti-money laundering regulations.  If our policies, procedures and systems are 
deemed deficient or the policies, procedures and systems of the financial institutions that we have already 
acquired or may acquire in the future are deficient, we would be subject to liability, including fines and 
regulatory actions such as restrictions on our ability to pay dividends and the necessity to obtain regulatory 
approvals to proceed with certain aspects of our business plan, including our acquisition plans, which would 
negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Failure to maintain and implement 
adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing could also have serious reputational 
consequences for us. 

Federal, state and local consumer lending laws restrict our ability to originate certain mortgage loans and 
increase our risk of liability with respect to such loans and increase our cost of doing business.  

Federal, state and local laws have been adopted that are intended to eliminate certain lending practices 
considered “predatory.”  These laws prohibit practices such as steering borrowers away from more affordable 
products, selling unnecessary insurance to borrowers, repeatedly refinancing loans and making loans without a 
reasonable expectation that the borrowers will be able to repay the loans irrespective of the value of the 
underlying property.  Over the course of 2013, the CFPB issued several rules on mortgage lending, notably a rule 
requiring all home mortgage lenders to determine a borrower’s ability to repay the loan.  Loans with certain 
terms and conditions and that otherwise meet the definition of a “qualified mortgage” may be protected from 
liability to a borrower for failing to make the necessary determinations.  We may find it necessary to tighten our 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
mortgage loan underwriting standards in response to the CFPB rules, which may constrain our ability to make 
loans consistent with our business strategies.  It is our policy not to make predatory loans and to determine 
borrowers’ ability to repay, but the law and related rules create the potential for increased liability with respect 
to our lending and loan investment activities.  They increase our cost of doing business and, ultimately, may 
prevent us from making certain loans and cause us to reduce the average percentage rate or the points and fees 
on loans that we do make. 

We are subject to federal and state fair lending laws, and failure to comply with these laws could lead to 
material penalties.  

Federal and state fair lending laws and regulations, such as the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair 
Housing Act, impose nondiscriminatory lending requirements on financial institutions.  The Department of 
Justice, CFPB and other federal and state agencies are responsible for enforcing these laws and regulations. 
Private parties may also have the ability to challenge an institution’s performance under fair lending laws in 
private class action litigation.  A successful challenge to our performance under the fair lending laws and 
regulations could adversely impact our rating under the Community Reinvestment Act and result in a wide 
variety of sanctions, including the required payment of damages and civil money penalties, injunctive relief, 
imposition of restrictions on or delays in approving merger and acquisition activity and restrictions on expansion 
activity, which could negatively impact our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations. 

Negative public opinion regarding our Company and the financial services industry in general, could damage 
our reputation and adversely impact our earnings. 

Reputation risk, or the risk to our business, earnings and capital from negative public opinion regarding our 
Company and the financial services industry in general, is inherent in our business.  Negative public opinion can 
result from actual or alleged conduct in any number of activities, including lending practices, corporate 
governance and acquisitions, and from actions taken by government regulators and community organizations in 
response to those activities.  Negative public opinion can adversely affect our ability to keep and attract clients 
and employees and can expose us to litigation and regulatory action.  Although we have taken steps to minimize 
reputation risk in dealing with our clients and communities, this risk will always be present given the nature of 
our business. 

We could experience a loss due to competition with other financial institutions.  

We face substantial competition in all areas of our operations from a variety of different competitors, both 
within and beyond our principal markets, many of which are larger and may have more financial resources. Such 
competitors primarily include national, regional and internet banks within the various markets in which we 
operate.  We also face competition from many other types of financial institutions, including, without limitation, 
savings and loans, credit unions, finance companies, brokerage firms, insurance companies and other financial 
intermediaries.  The financial services industry could become even more competitive as a result of legislative 
and regulatory changes and continued consolidation.  In addition, as customer preferences and expectations 
continue to evolve, technology has lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for nonbanks to offer 
products and services traditionally provided by banks, such as automatic transfer and automatic payment 
systems.  Banks, securities firms and insurance companies can merge under the umbrella of a financial holding 
company, which can offer virtually any type of financial service, including banking, securities underwriting, 
insurance (both agency and underwriting) and merchant banking.  Many of our competitors have fewer 
regulatory constraints and may have lower cost structures.  Additionally, due to their size, many competitors 
may be able to achieve economies of scale and, as a result, may offer a broader range of products and services 
as well as better pricing for those products and services than we can.  

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including, among other things: 

• 

• 
• 

• 
• 
• 

the ability to develop, maintain, and build upon long‑term customer relationships based on top quality 
service, high ethical standards, and safe, sound assets; 
the ability to expand our market position; 
the scope, relevance, and pricing of products and services offered to meet customer needs and 
demands; 
the rate at which we introduce new products and services relative to our competitors; 
customer satisfaction with our level of service; and 
industry and general economic trends. 

Failure to perform in any of these areas could significantly weaken our competitive position, which could 
adversely affect our growth and profitability, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our financial 
condition and results of operations. 

Failure to keep pace with technological change could adversely affect our business. 

The financial services industry is continually undergoing rapid technological change with frequent introductions 
of new technology-driven products and services.  The effective use of technology increases efficiency and 
enables financial institutions to better serve customers and to reduce costs.  Our future success depends, in 
part, upon our ability to address the needs of our customers by using technology to provide products and 
services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations.  Many 
of our competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements.  We may not 
be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing 
these products and services to our customers.  Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change 
affecting the financial services industry could have a material adverse impact on our business and, in turn, our 
financial condition and results of operations.  

New lines of business or new products and services may subject us to additional risk.   

From time to time, we may implement new lines of business or offer new products and services within existing 
lines of business.  There are substantial risks and uncertainties associated with these efforts, particularly in 
instances where the markets are not fully developed.  In developing and marketing new lines of business and/or 
new products and services, we may invest significant time and resources. Initial timetables for the introduction 
and development of new lines of business and/or new products or services may not be achieved and price and 
profitability targets may not prove feasible.  External factors, such as compliance with regulations, competitive 
alternatives, and shifting market preferences, may also impact the successful implementation of a new line of 
business and/or a new product or service.  Furthermore, any new line of business and/or new product or service 
could have a significant impact on the effectiveness of our system of internal controls.  Failure to successfully 
manage these risks in the development and implementation of new lines of business and/or new products or 
services could have a material adverse effect on our business and, in turn, our financial condition and results of 
operations.  

In May 2016, we completed the acquisition of SBA Complete.  SBA Complete is a consulting firm that specializes 
in consulting with financial institutions across the country related to SBA loan origination and servicing.  We 
leveraged the expertise assumed in the acquisition of SBA Complete to launch our own SBA lending division in 
the third quarter of 2016.  These are both new lines of business for the Bank with unique operational, control 
and accounting risks, which if not properly managed, could result in losses for our Company. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumers may decide not to use banks to complete their financial transactions.  

Technology and other changes are allowing parties to complete financial transactions through alternative 
methods that historically have involved banks.  For example, consumers can now maintain funds that would 
have historically been held as bank deposits in brokerage accounts, mutual funds or general-purpose reloadable 
prepaid cards.  Consumers can also complete transactions such as paying bills and/or transferring funds directly 
without the assistance of banks.  The process of eliminating banks as intermediaries, known as 
“disintermediation,” could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the 
related income generated from those deposits.  The loss of these revenue streams and the lower cost of 
deposits as a source of funds could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of 
operations. 

Our reported financial results are impacted by management’s selection of accounting methods and certain 
assumptions and estimates.  

Our accounting policies and methods are fundamental to the way we record and report our financial condition 
and results of operations.  Our management must exercise judgment in selecting and applying many of these 
accounting policies and methods so they comply with generally accepted accounting principles and reflect 
management’s judgment of the most appropriate manner to report our financial condition and results.  In some 
cases, management must select the accounting policy or method to apply from two or more alternatives, any of 
which may be reasonable under the circumstances, yet may result in reporting materially different results than 
would have been reported under a different alternative.  

Certain accounting policies are critical to presenting our financial condition and results.  They require 
management to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments about matters that are uncertain.  Materially 
different amounts could be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions or estimates.  
These critical accounting policies include: the allowance for loan losses; intangible assets; and the fair value and 
discount accretion of acquired loans. 

There can be no assurance that we will continue to pay cash dividends. 

Although we have historically paid cash dividends, there is no assurance that we will continue to pay cash 
dividends.  Future payment of cash dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will 
be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, economic conditions, 
and such other factors as the board may deem relevant.   

Future sales of our stock by our shareholders or the perception that those sales could occur may cause our 
stock price to decline.  

Although our common stock is listed for trading in The NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol FBNC, 
the trading volume in our common stock is lower than that of other larger financial services companies.  A public 
trading market having the desired characteristics of depth, liquidity and orderliness depends on the presence in 
the marketplace of willing buyers and sellers of our common stock at any given time.  This presence depends on 
the individual decisions of investors and general economic and market conditions over which we have no 
control.  Given the relatively low trading volume of our common stock, significant sales of our common stock in 
the public market, or the perception that those sales may occur, could cause the trading price of our common 
stock to decline or to be lower than it otherwise might be in the absence of those sales or perceptions. 

31 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our business continuity plans or data security systems could prove to be inadequate, resulting in a material 
interruption in, or disruption to, our business and a negative impact on our results of operations. 

We rely heavily on communications and information systems to conduct our business.  Our daily operations 
depend on the operational effectiveness of our technology.  We rely on our systems to accurately track and 
record our assets and liabilities.  Any failure, interruption or breach in security of our computer systems or 
outside technology, whether due to severe weather, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, criminal activity, 
cyber-attacks or other factors, could result in failures or disruptions in general ledger, deposit, loan, customer 
relationship management, and other systems leading to inaccurate financial records.  This could materially affect 
our business operations and financial condition.  While we have disaster recovery and other policies and 
procedures designed to prevent or limit the effect of any failure, interruption or security breach of our 
information systems, there can be no assurance that any such failures, interruptions, or security breaches will 
not occur or, if they do occur, that they will be adequately addressed.  The occurrence of any failures, 
interruptions or security breaches of our information systems could damage our reputation, result in a loss of 
customer business, subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny, or expose us to civil litigation and possible 
financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. 

In addition, the Bank provides its customers the ability to bank online and through mobile banking.  The secure 
transmission of confidential information over the Internet is a critical element of online and mobile banking.  
While we use qualified third party vendors to test and audit our network, our network could become vulnerable 
to unauthorized access, computer viruses, phishing schemes and other security issues.  The Bank may be 
required to spend significant capital and other resources to alleviate problems caused by security breaches or 
computer viruses.  To the extent that the Bank’s activities or the activities of its customers involve the storage 
and transmission of confidential information, security breaches and viruses could expose the Bank to claims, 
litigation, and other potential liabilities.  Any inability to prevent security breaches or computer viruses could 
also cause existing customers to lose confidence in the Bank’s systems and could adversely affect its reputation 
and its ability to generate deposits. 

Additionally, we outsource the processing of our core data system, as well as other systems such as online 
banking, to third party vendors.  Prior to establishing an outsourcing relationship, and on an ongoing basis 
thereafter, management monitors key vendor controls and procedures related to information technology, which 
includes reviewing reports of service auditor’s examinations.   If our third party provider encounters difficulties 
or if we have difficulty in communicating with such third party, it will significantly affect our ability to adequately 
process and account for customer transactions, which would significantly affect our business operations. 

We rely on certain external vendors. 

We are reliant upon certain external vendors to provide products and services necessary to maintain our day-to-
day operations.  Accordingly, our operations are exposed to risk that these vendors will not perform in 
accordance with applicable contractual arrangements or service level agreements.  We maintain a system of 
policies and procedures designed to monitor vendor risks including, among other things, (i) changes in the 
vendor’s organizational structure, (ii) changes in the vendor’s financial condition and (iii) changes in the vendor’s 
support for existing products and services.  While we believe these policies and procedures help to mitigate risk, 
and our vendors are not the sole source of service, the failure of an external vendor to perform in accordance 
with applicable contractual arrangements or the service level agreements could be disruptive to our operations, 
which could have a material adverse impact on our business and its financial condition and results of operations.  

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our potential inability to integrate companies we may acquire in the future could expose us to financial, 
execution, and operational risks that could negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations.  
Acquisitions may be dilutive to common shareholders and FDIC-assisted transactions have additional 
compliance risk that other acquisitions do not have. 

On occasion, we may engage in a strategic acquisition when we believe there is an opportunity to strengthen 
and expand our business.  In addition, such acquisitions may involve the issuance of stock, which may have a 
dilutive effect on earnings per share.  To fully benefit from such acquisition, however, we must integrate the 
administrative, financial, sales, lending, collections, and marketing functions of the acquired company.  If we are 
unable to successfully integrate an acquired company, we may not realize the benefits of the acquisition, and 
our financial results may be negatively affected.  A completed acquisition may adversely affect our financial 
condition and results of operations, including our capital requirements and the accounting treatment of the 
acquisition.  Completed acquisitions may also lead to exposure from potential asset quality issues, losses of key 
employees or customers, difficulty and expense of integrating operations and systems, and significant 
unexpected liabilities after the consummation of these acquisitions.  In addition, if we were to conclude that the 
value of an acquired business had decreased and that the related goodwill had been impaired, that conclusion 
would result in a goodwill impairment charge, which would adversely affect our results of operations. 

We may have opportunities to acquire the assets and liabilities of failed banks in FDIC-assisted transactions. 
Although these transactions typically provide for FDIC assistance to an acquirer to mitigate certain risks, such as 
sharing exposure to loan losses and providing indemnification against certain liabilities of the failed institution, 
we are (and would be in future transactions) subject to many of the same risks we would face in acquiring 
another bank in a negotiated transaction, including risks associated with maintaining customer relationships and 
failure to realize the anticipated acquisition benefits in the amounts and within the time frames we expect.  Our 
inability to overcome these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and 
results of operations.  

We are subject to losses due to errors, omissions or fraudulent behavior by our employees, clients, 
counterparties or other third parties. 

We are exposed to many types of operational risk, including the risk of fraud by employees and third parties, 
clerical recordkeeping errors and transactional errors.  Our business is dependent on our employees as well as 
third-party service providers to process a large number of increasingly complex transactions.  We could be 
materially and adversely affected if employees, clients, counterparties or other third parties caused an 
operational breakdown or failure, either as a result of human error, fraudulent manipulation or purposeful 
damage to any of our operations or systems. 

In deciding whether to extend credit or to enter into other transactions with clients and counterparties, we may 
rely on information furnished to us by or on behalf of clients and counterparties, including financial statements 
and other financial information, which we do not independently verify.  We also may rely on representations of 
clients and counterparties as to the accuracy and completeness of that information and, with respect to financial 
statements, on reports of independent auditors.  For example, in deciding whether to extend credit to clients, 
we may assume that a client’s audited financial statements conform with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting 
Principles (“GAAP”) and present fairly, in all material respects, the financial condition, results of operations and 
cash flows of the client.  Our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected to the 
extent we rely on financial statements that do not comply with GAAP or are materially misleading, any of which 
could be caused by errors, omissions, or fraudulent behavior by our employees, clients, counterparties, or other 
third parties. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments 

None 

Item 2.   Properties 

The main offices of the Company and the Bank are owned by the Bank and are located in a three-story building 
in the central business district of Southern Pines, North Carolina.  The building houses administrative facilities.  
The Bank’s Operations Division, including customer accounting functions, offices for information technology 
operations, and offices for loan operations, are housed in two one-story steel frame buildings in Troy, North 
Carolina.  Both of these buildings are owned by the Bank.  At December 31, 2016, the Company operated 88 
bank branches.  The Company owned all of its bank branch premises except 10 branch offices for which the land 
and buildings are leased and nine branch offices for which the land is leased but the building is owned.  The 
Company also leases two loan production offices and five other office locations for administrative functions.  
There are no options to purchase or lease additional properties.  The Company considers its facilities adequate 
to meet current needs and believes that lease renewals or replacement properties can be acquired as necessary 
to meet future needs. 

Item 3.    Legal Proceedings 

Various legal proceedings may arise in the ordinary course of business and may be pending or threatened 
against the Company and its subsidiaries.  Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is involved in any 
pending legal proceedings that management believes are material to the Company or its consolidated financial 
position.  If an exposure were to be identified, it is the Company’s policy to establish and accrue appropriate 
reserves during the accounting period in which a loss is deemed to be probable and the amount is determinable. 

There were no tax shelter penalties assessed by the Internal Revenue Service against the Company during the 
year ended December 31, 2016. 

Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosure 

Not applicable. 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II 

Item 5.    Market for the Registrant’s Common Stock, Related Shareholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of 
Equity Securities 

Our common stock trades on The NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol FBNC.  Table 22, included in 
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis” below, sets forth the high and low market prices of our common stock 
as traded by the brokerage firms that maintain a market in our common stock and the dividends declared for 
the periods indicated.  We paid a cash dividend of $0.08 per share for each quarter of 2016.  For the foreseeable 
future, it is our current intention to continue to pay regular cash dividends on a quarterly basis.   See “Business - 
Supervision and Regulation” above and Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of 
other regulatory restrictions on the Company’s payment of dividends.  As of December 31, 2016, there were 
approximately 2,100 shareholders of record and another 3,100 shareholders whose stock is held in “street 
name.”   

Additional Information Regarding the Registrant’s Equity Compensation Plans 

At December 31, 2016, the Company had two equity-based compensation plans.  The Company’s 2014 Equity 
Plan is the only plan under which new grants of equity-based awards are possible.  

The following table presents information as of December 31, 2016 regarding shares of the Company’s stock that 
may be issued pursuant to the Company’s equity-based compensation plans.  At December 31, 2016, the 
Company had no warrants or stock appreciation rights outstanding under any compensation plans. 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

As of December 31, 2016 

Number of securities to  
be issued upon exercise  
of outstanding options, 
warrants and rights 

Weighted-average 
exercise price of 
outstanding options, 
warrants and rights 

Number of securities available for  
future issuance under equity  
compensation plans (excluding 
 securities reflected in column (a)) 

59,948 

─   
59,948 

$    17.18 

─ 

$    17.18 

853,920 

─   
853,920 

Plan category 
Equity compensation 
plans approved by 
security holders (1) 
Equity compensation  
plans not approved 
by security holders 
Total 

(1)  Consists of (A) the Company’s 2014 Equity Plan, which is currently in effect; and (B) the Company’s 2007 
Equity Plan, each of which was approved by our shareholders. 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance Graph 

The performance graph shown below compares the Company’s cumulative total return to shareholders for the 
five-year period commencing December 31, 2011 and ending December 31, 2016, with the cumulative total 
return of the Russell 2000 Index (reflecting overall stock market performance of small-capitalization companies), 
and an index of banks with between $1 billion and $5 billion in assets, as constructed by SNL Securities, LP 
(reflecting changes in banking industry stocks).  The graph and table assume that $100 was invested on 
December 31, 2011 in each of the Company’s common stock, the Russell 2000 Index, and the SNL Bank Index, 
and that all dividends were reinvested. 

First Bancorp 
Comparison of Five-Year Total Return Performances (1) 
Five Years Ending December 31, 2016 

Total Return Performance 

First Bancorp

Russell 2000

SNL Bank $1B-$5B

325

300

275

250

225

200

175

150

125

100

e
u
l
a
V
x
e
d
n

I

75
12/31/11

12/31/12

12/31/13

12/31/14

12/31/15

12/31/16

First Bancorp 
Russell 2000 
SNL Index-Banks between $1            

Total Return Index Values (1) 
December 31, 

2011 
$    100.00 
100.00 

2012 
118.39 
116.35 

2013 
156.88 
161.52 

2014 
177.46 
169.43 

2015 
183.35 
161.95 

2016 
269.73 
196.45 

billion and $5 billion 

100.00 

123.31 

179.31 

187.48 

209.86 

301.92 

Notes:  

(1)  Total return indices were provided from an independent source, SNL Securities LP, Charlottesville, Virginia, and assume 
initial investment of $100 on December 31, 2011, reinvestment of dividends, and changes in market values.  Total 
return index numerical values used in this example are for illustrative purposes only.  

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 

Pursuant to authorizations by the Company’s board of directors, the Company has from time to time 
repurchased shares of common stock in private transactions and in open-market purchases.  The most recent 
board authorization was announced on July 30, 2004 and authorized the repurchase of 375,000 shares of the 
Company’s stock.  The Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the quarter ended 
December 31, 2016.   

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 

Total Number of Shares 
Purchased (2) 

Average Price 
Paid Per Share 

Total Number of Shares 
Purchased as Part of 
Publicly Announced 
Plans or Programs (1) 

Maximum Number of 
Shares That May Yet Be 
Purchased Under the Plans 
or Programs (1) 

─ 

─ 

─ 
─ 

$          ─ 

─ 

─ 
$           ─  

─ 

─ 

─ 
─ 

214,241 

214,241 

214,241 
214,241 

Period 

Month #1 (October 1, 

2016 to October 31, 
2016) 

Month #2 (November 1, 
2016 to November 
30, 2016) 

Month #3 (December 1, 
2016 to December 
31, 2016)  

Total  

Footnotes to the Above Table 

(1)  All shares available for repurchase are pursuant to publicly announced share repurchase authorizations.  
On July 30, 2004, the Company announced that its board of directors had approved the repurchase of 
375,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.  The repurchase authorization does not have an 
expiration date.  There are no plans or programs the Company has determined to terminate prior to 
expiration, or under which the Company does not intend to make further purchases.   

(2)  The table above does not include shares that were used by option holders to satisfy the exercise price of 
the call options issued by the Company to its employees and directors pursuant to the Company’s stock 
option plans.  There were no such exercises during the three months ended December 31, 2016. 

Item 6.    Selected Consolidated Financial Data 

Table 1 on page 76 of this report sets forth the selected consolidated financial data for the Company. 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis is intended to assist readers in understanding our results of operations 
and changes in financial position for the past three years.  This review should be read in conjunction with the 
consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes beginning on page 94 of this report and the 
supplemental financial data contained in Tables 1 through 22 included with this discussion and analysis.   

Overview - 2016 Compared to 2015 

We reported net income per diluted common share of $1.33 in 2016, a 2.3% increase compared to 2015.  The 
increased earnings were primarily due to the Company’s growth, with loans increasing 7.6% and deposits 
increasing 4.8% year over year. 

Financial Highlights 
  ($ in thousands except per share data) 

Earnings 
   Net interest income 
   Provision for loan losses - non-covered 
   Provision (reversal) for loan losses - covered 
   Noninterest income 
   Noninterest expenses 
   Income before income taxes 
   Income tax expense 
   Net income  
   Preferred stock dividends 
   Net income available to common shareholders 

Net income per common share 
   Basic 
   Diluted 

Balances At Year End 
   Assets 
   Loans 
   Deposits 

2016 

2015 

Change 

$             123,380 
2,109 
(2,132) 
25,551 
106,821 
42,133 
14,624 
 27,509 
(175) 
$              27,334 

             119,747 
2,008 
(2,788) 
18,764 
98,131 
41,160 
14,126 
 27,034 
(603) 
              26,431 

$                  1.37 
1.33 

                  1.34 
1.30 

$        3,614,862 
2,710,712 
2,947,353 

        3,362,065 
2,518,926 
2,811,285 

3.0% 
5.0% 
(23.5%) 
36.2% 
8.9% 
2.4% 
3.5% 
1.8% 

3.4% 

2.2% 
2.3% 

7.5% 
7.6% 
4.8% 

Ratios 
   Return on average assets 
   Return on average common equity 
   Net interest margin (taxable-equivalent) 

0.80% 
7.73% 
4.03% 

0.82% 
8.04% 
4.13% 

The following is a more detailed discussion of our results for 2016 compared to 2015: 

For the year ended December 31, 2016, we reported net income available to common shareholders of $27.3 
million, or $1.33 per diluted common share, an increase of 3.4% compared to the $26.4 million, or $1.30 per 
diluted common share, for the year ended December 31, 2015.  The higher earnings were primarily the result of 
loan and deposit growth, as well as other initiatives that increased profitability.  

Net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to $123.4 million, a 3.0% increase from 
the $119.7 million recorded in 2015.  The higher net interest income was primarily due to growth in our loans 
outstanding.  Also, see the section entitled “Net Interest Income” for additional information. 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our net interest margin (tax-equivalent net interest income divided by average earning assets) was 4.03% for 
2016 compared to 4.13% for 2015.  The lower margin in 2016 compared to 2015 was primarily due to lower loan 
yields, which have been impacted by the continued low interest rate environment. 

We recorded a negative total provision for loan losses (reduction of the allowance for loan losses) on our 
covered and non-covered loans of $23,000 in 2016 compared to a negative provision for loan losses of $780,000 
in 2015.  For periods prior to the third quarter of 2016, our provision for loan losses was calculated separately 
between covered loans and non-covered loans, with covered loans being those loans subject to FDIC loss share 
agreements.  Upon the termination of the FDIC loss share agreements on September 22, 2016, all loans became 
classified as non-covered.  For the year 2016, the provision for loan losses on non-covered loans did not vary 
significantly from 2015, amounting to $2.1 million in 2016 compared to $2.0 million for 2015.  For the portion of 
the year our loss share agreements were in effect in 2016, we recorded a negative provision for loan losses on 
covered loans of $2.1 million compared to a $2.8 million negative provision for loan losses in 2015.  The lower 
negative provision for loan losses on covered loans in 2016 was due to lower covered loan recoveries. 

Our overall provision for loan loss levels have been impacted by continued improvement in asset quality. 
Nonperforming assets amounted to $59.1 million at December 31, 2016, a decrease of 33.8% from the $89.3 
million one year earlier.  Our nonperforming assets to total assets ratio was 1.64% at December 31, 2016 
compared to 2.66% at December 31, 2015.  Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans for the 
twelve months ended December 31, 2016 was 0.14% compared to 0.46% for 2015. 

For the year ended December 31, 2016, noninterest income amounted to $25.6 million compared to $18.8 
million for the year ended December 31, 2015.  The increases in noninterest income are primarily the result of 
the following strategic initiatives:  

•  On January 1, 2016, we acquired Bankingport, Inc., an insurance agency located in Sanford, North 

Carolina, which is primarily responsible for the increases in commissions from financial product sales 
in the accompanying tables.   

•  On May 5, 2016, we completed the acquisition of SBA Complete, a firm that specializes in providing 
consulting services for financial institutions across the country related to SBA loan origination and 
servicing.  We recorded $3.2 million in SBA consulting fees from the date of the acquisition through 
December 31, 2016.   

• 

In the third quarter of 2016, we leveraged the expertise assumed in our SBA Complete acquisition to 
launch a national SBA lending division.  This division offers SBA loans to small business owners 
throughout the United States.  Since the launch in the third quarter of 2016, this division originated 
$24.8 million of SBA loans and earned $1.4 million from gains on the sales of the guaranteed 
portions of these loans. 

Partially offsetting the above-noted increases in noninterest income was higher indemnification asset expense in 
2016 compared to 2015.  Indemnification asset expense relates to write-offs of an indemnification asset 
associated with two FDIC loss share agreements.   For 2016, the Company recorded $10.3 million in 
indemnification asset expense compared to $8.6 million in 2015.  The 2016 amount includes a $5.7 million 
charge associated with the early termination of the loss share agreements that occurred in September 2016. 

Noninterest expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to $106.8 million compared to $98.1 
million recorded in 2015.   The primary reason for the increase was the costs associated with the growth 
initiatives previously discussed. 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets at December 31, 2016 amounted to $3.6 billion, a 7.5% increase from a year earlier.  Total loans at 
December 31, 2016 amounted to $2.7 billion, a 7.6% increase from a year earlier, and total deposits amounted 
to $2.9 billion at December 31, 2016, a 4.8% increase from a year earlier.   

The $192 million increase in our loans at December 31, 2016 compared to a year earlier is primarily related to 
ongoing internal initiatives to drive loan growth, including our expansion into higher growth markets.   

Total deposits increased $136 million at December 31, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015, which was driven 
by a $175 million increase, or 8.3%, in checking, money market and savings accounts.  Retail time deposits 
declined by $99 million, or 15.8%, over this same period, while deposits obtained from brokers increased $60 
million, or 78.6%. 

For the periods presented until the September 2016 termination of the FDIC loss share agreements, the 
Company’s results of operations were significantly affected by FDIC loss share agreements related to two FDIC-
assisted failed bank acquisitions.  In the discussion above and in the accompanying tables, the term “covered” is 
used to describe assets that were included in FDIC loss share agreements, while the term “non-covered” refers 
to the assets not included in a loss share arrangement.  As previously discussed, all loss share agreements were 
terminated in the third quarter of 2016 and thus the entire loan portfolio is now classified as non-covered.  
Certain prior period disclosures will continue to present the breakout of the loan portfolio between covered and 
non-covered.   

Certain covered loans continued to have an unaccreted discount associated with them at the time of transfer to 
non-covered status.  Such loans that experience favorable changes in credit quality compared to what was 
expected at the acquisition date, including loans that pay off, will continue to result in positive adjustments to 
interest income being recorded over the life of the respective loan – also referred to as loan discount accretion.   

For periods prior to the termination, because favorable changes in covered assets resulted in lower expected 
FDIC claims, and unfavorable changes in covered assets resulted in higher expected FDIC claims, the FDIC 
indemnification asset was adjusted to reflect those expectations.  The net increase or decrease in the 
indemnification asset was reflected within noninterest income, with the net impact being that pretax income 
was generally only impacted by 20% of the income or expense associated with provisions for loan losses on 
covered loans, discount accretion, and losses from covered foreclosed properties. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overview - 2015 Compared to 2014 

We reported net income per diluted common share of $1.30 in 2015, a 9.2% increase compared to 2014.  The 
increased earnings were primarily due to lower provisions for loan losses.  Total assets increased by 4.5% year 
over year. 

Financial Highlights 
  ($ in thousands except per share data) 

Earnings 
   Net interest income 
   Provision for loan losses - non-covered 
   Provision (reversal) for loan losses - covered 
   Noninterest income 
   Noninterest expenses 
   Income before income taxes 
   Income tax expense 
   Net income  
   Preferred stock dividends 
   Net income available to common shareholders 

Net income per common share 
   Basic 
   Diluted 

Balances At Year End 
   Assets 
   Loans 
   Deposits 

Ratios 
   Return on average assets 
   Return on average common equity 
   Net interest margin (taxable-equivalent) 

n/m – not meaningful 

2015 

2014 

Change 

$             119,747 
2,008 
(2,788) 
18,764 
98,131 
41,160 
14,126 
 27,034 
(603) 
$              26,431 

             131,609 
7,087 
3,108 
14,368 
97,251 
38,531 
13,535 
 24,996 
(868) 
              24,128 

$                  1.34 
1.30 

                  1.22 
1.19 

$        3,362,065 
2,518,926 
2,811,285 

3,218,383 
2,396,174 
2,695,906 

(9.0%) 
(71.7%) 
n/m 
30.6% 
0.9% 
6.8% 
4.4% 
8.2% 

9.5% 

9.8% 
9.2% 

4.5% 
5.1% 
4.3% 

0.82% 
8.04% 
4.13% 

0.75% 
7.73% 
4.58% 

The following is a more detailed discussion of our results for 2015 compared to 2014: 

For the year ended December 31, 2015, we reported net income available to common shareholders of $26.4 
million, or $1.30 per diluted common share, an increase of 9.5% compared to the $24.1 million, or $1.19 per 
diluted common share, for the year ended December 31, 2014.  The higher earnings were primarily the result of 
a lower provision for loan losses.  

Net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to $119.7 million, a 9.0% decrease from 
the $131.6 million recorded in 2014.  The lower net interest income in 2015 was primarily due to a decrease in 
the amount of discount accretion recorded on loans purchased in failed bank acquisitions.  For the full year of 
2015, loan discount accretion amounted to $4.8 million compared to $16.0 million for 2014.  The lower amount 
of accretion is due to the continued winding down of the unaccreted discount amount that resulted from failed-
bank acquisitions in 2009 and 2011.  As discussed below, the impact of the changes in discount accretion on 
pretax income is generally 20% of the gross amount of the change.  Also, see the section entitled “Net Interest 
Income” for additional information. 

Our net interest margin (tax-equivalent net interest income divided by average earning assets) was 4.13% for 
2015 compared to 4.58% for 2014.  The lower margin in 2015 compared to 2014 was primarily due to lower 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
amounts of discount accretion on loans purchased in failed-bank acquisitions.  Partially offsetting the effects of 
lower discount accretion was a decline in our cost of funds, which declined from 0.29% in 2014 to 0.24% in 2015. 

We recorded negative total provisions for loan losses (reduction of the allowance for loan losses) on our covered 
and non-covered loans of $0.8 million in 2015 compared to provision for loan losses of $10.2 million for 2014.  
The provision for loan losses on non-covered loans amounted to $2.0 million in 2015 compared to $7.1 million 
for 2014.  The lower provision recorded in 2015 was primarily a result of continued favorable credit quality 
trends and generally improving economic trends.  For the year ended December 31, 2015, we recorded a 
negative provision for loan losses on covered loans of $2.8 million compared to a $3.1 million provision for loan 
losses in 2014.  The negative provision in 2015 primarily resulted from lower levels of covered nonperforming 
loans, declining levels of total covered loans, and net covered loan recoveries (recoveries, net of charge-offs) of 
$2.3 million that were realized during the year ended December 31, 2015. 

Our non-covered nonperforming assets declined 19.0% during 2015, amounting to $77.2 million at December 
31, 2015 (2.37% of total non-covered assets) compared to $95.3 million at December 31, 2014 (3.09% of total 
non-covered assets).  The decline in non-covered nonperforming assets was primarily due to on-going resolution 
of nonperforming assets and improving credit quality. 

Total covered nonperforming assets also declined in 2015, amounting to $12.1 million at December 31, 2015 
compared to $18.7 million at December 31, 2014.  We experienced success resolving our covered loans, and 
property sales along the North Carolina coast were strong, which is where most of the Company’s covered 
assets were located.  

For the year ended December 31, 2015, noninterest income amounted to $18.8 million compared to $14.4 
million for the year ended December 31, 2014.  The increase in 2015 was primarily the result of lower FDIC 
indemnification asset expense, which is recorded as a reduction to noninterest income.  FDIC indemnification 
asset expense amounted to $8.6 million in 2015, a $4.2 million decrease from the $12.8 million recorded in 
2014, with the lower expense being due to a lower amount of write-offs of the FDIC indemnification asset, 
which was associated with the continued winding down of the loss share assets.   

Noninterest expenses for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to $98.1 million, which was relatively 
unchanged from the $97.3 million recorded in 2014.   

Total assets at December 31, 2015 amounted to $3.4 billion, a 4.5% increase from a year earlier.  Total loans at 
December 31, 2015 amounted to $2.5 billion, a 5.1% increase from a year earlier, and total deposits amounted 
to $2.8 billion at December 31, 2015, a 4.3% increase from a year earlier.   

Non-covered loans amounted to $2.42 billion at December 31, 2015, an increase of $147.7 million, or 6.5% from 
December 31, 2014, as a result of internal initiatives to drive loan growth.  Loans covered by FDIC loss share 
agreements declined 19.6% in 2015 as those loans continued to pay down. 

The increase in total deposits at December 31, 2015 compared to December 31, 2014 was primarily due to 
increases in checking, money market and savings accounts, which increased in total by $236.5 million, or 12.6%, 
during 2015.  Those increases were partially offset by decreases in time deposits, which declined a total of 
$121.1 million, or 14.7%, during 2015.  Time deposits are generally one of our most expensive funding sources, 
and thus the shift from this category benefitted our overall cost of funds. 

On June 25, 2015, we redeemed $32 million (32,000 shares) of Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, 
Series B (“SBLF Stock”) that had been issued to the United States Secretary of the Treasury in September 2011 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
related to our participation in the Small Business Lending Fund.  On October 16, 2015, the remaining $31.5 
million of SBLF Stock was redeemed, which ended our participation in the Small Business Lending Fund. 

Outlook for 2017 

The interest rate environment remains challenging.  Historically, the interest rates we charge loan customers are 
correlated with long-term interest rates in the marketplace.  While the Federal Reserve increased short-term 
interest rates by 25 basis points in late 2015 and by another 25 basis points in late 2016, long-term interest rates 
remain near historic lows.  Additionally, interest rates on loans continue to be impacted downward by intense 
competition, and we expect continued declines in our loan discount accretion as our purchased loan portfolios 
wind down.  Accordingly, we expect our overall loan yield to remain under pressure.  As it relates to our funding 
costs, the yields on many of our deposits are already very low and the ability to lower them further is limited.  
Accordingly, we believe that a continued compression of our net interest margin is likely. 

With four consecutive years of significantly improved trends of nonperforming assets and lower loan charge-offs 
compared to the recession years, we recorded low levels of provisions for loan losses in 2016, which brought our 
overall allowance for loan loss level down significantly following the elevated amounts we maintained during 
and immediately following the recession.  In 2017, we expect it is likely that we will record a higher provision for 
loan losses than we did in 2016, as we provide for on-going loan charge-offs and expected new loan growth. 

We experienced solid loan and deposit growth in 2016.  Our local economies are generally improving and in 
2016, we also continued to implement our plans to expand into larger and higher growth markets in North 
Carolina.  Additionally, in the past two years we have hired a number of experienced bankers who have brought 
us business, and we expect they will continue to do so.  Accordingly, we expect to experience continued loan 
and deposit growth in 2017. 

Consistent with our initiative to expand into larger markets, in June 2016, we announced an agreement to 
acquire Carolina Bank Holdings, Inc., headquartered in Greensboro, North Carolina with eight branches and 
approximately $705 million in assets.  This acquisition will be a natural extension of our recent expansion into 
high-growth areas of North Carolina.  We closed on this transaction on March 3, 2017.  We continue to regularly 
seek and evaluate bank and non-bank acquisition opportunities, which could result in the issuance of additional 
capital. 

Also, on September 22, 2016, we terminated our loss share agreements with the FDIC.  As such, we expect our 
income statement volatility to decrease in 2017 as it relates to indemnification asset expense.  We recorded 
$10.3 million, $8.6 million, and $12.8 million of indemnification asset expense in 2016, 2015, and 2014, 
respectively.  Absent a transaction that would give rise to a new indemnification asset, no indemnification 
expense will be recorded in the future. 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Critical Accounting Policies 

The accounting principles we follow and our methods of applying these principles conform with accounting 
principles generally accepted in the United States of America and with general practices followed by the banking 
industry.  Certain of these principles involve a significant amount of judgment and may involve the use of 
estimates based on our best assumptions at the time of the estimation.  The allowance for loan losses, 
intangible assets, and the fair value and discount accretion of acquired loans are three policies we have 
identified as being more sensitive in terms of judgments and estimates, taking into account their overall 
potential impact to our consolidated financial statements. 

Allowance for Loan Losses 

Due to the estimation process and the potential materiality of the amounts involved, we have identified the 
accounting for the allowance for loan losses and the related provision for loan losses as an accounting policy 
critical to our consolidated financial statements.  The provision for loan losses charged to operations is an 
amount sufficient to bring the allowance for loan losses to an estimated balance considered adequate to absorb 
losses inherent in the portfolio.   

Our determination of the adequacy of the allowance is based primarily on a mathematical model that estimates 
the appropriate allowance for loan losses.  This model has two components.  The first component involves the 
estimation of losses on individually evaluated “impaired loans.”  A loan is considered to be impaired when, 
based on current information and events, it is probable we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to 
the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  A loan is specifically evaluated for an appropriate valuation 
allowance if the loan balance is above a prescribed evaluation threshold (which varies based on credit quality, 
accruing status, troubled debt restructured status, and type of collateral) and the loan is determined to be 
impaired.  The estimated valuation allowance is the difference, if any, between the loan balance outstanding 
and the value of the impaired loan as determined by either 1) an estimate of the cash flows that we expect to 
receive from the borrower discounted at the loan’s effective rate, or 2) in the case of a collateral-dependent 
loan, the fair value of the collateral.   

The second component of the allowance model is an estimate of losses for all loans not considered to be 
impaired loans (“general reserve loans”).  General reserve loans are segregated into pools by loan type and risk 
grade and estimated loss percentages are assigned to each loan pool based on historical losses.  The historical 
loss percentage is then adjusted for any environmental factors used to reflect changes in the collectability of the 
portfolio not captured by historical data. 

The reserves estimated for individually evaluated impaired loans are then added to the reserve estimated for 
general reserve loans.  This becomes our “allocated allowance.”  The allocated allowance is compared to the 
actual allowance for loan losses recorded on our books and any adjustment necessary for the recorded 
allowance to absorb losses inherent in the portfolio is recorded as a provision for loan losses.  The provision for 
loan losses is a direct charge to earnings in the period recorded.  Any remaining difference between the 
allocated allowance and the actual allowance for loan losses recorded on our books is our “unallocated 
allowance.” 

Purchased loans are recorded at fair value at acquisition date.  Therefore, amounts deemed uncollectible at 
acquisition date represent a discount to the loan value and become a part of the fair value calculation and are 
excluded from the allowance for loan losses.  Subsequent decreases in the amount expected to be collected 
result in a provision for loan losses with a corresponding increase in the allowance for loan losses.  Subsequent 
increases in the amount expected to be collected are accreted into income over the life of the loan and this 
accretion is referred to as “loan discount accretion.”   

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Although we use the best information available to make evaluations, future material adjustments may be 
necessary if economic, operational, or other conditions change.  In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an 
integral part of their examination process, periodically review our allowance for loan losses.  Such agencies may 
require us to recognize additions to the allowance based on the examiners’ judgment about information 
available to them at the time of their examinations. 

For further discussion, see “Nonperforming Assets” and “Summary of Loan Loss Experience” below. 

Intangible Assets 

Due to the estimation process and the potential materiality of the amounts involved, we have also identified the 
accounting for intangible assets as an accounting policy critical to our consolidated financial statements. 

When we complete an acquisition transaction, the excess of the purchase price over the amount by which the 
fair market value of assets acquired exceeds the fair market value of liabilities assumed represents an intangible 
asset.  We must then determine the identifiable portions of the intangible asset, with any remaining amount 
classified as goodwill.  Identifiable intangible assets associated with these acquisitions are generally amortized 
over the estimated life of the related asset, whereas goodwill is tested annually for impairment, but not 
systematically amortized.  Assuming no goodwill impairment, it is beneficial to our future earnings to have a 
lower amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets and higher amount of goodwill as opposed to having a 
higher amount considered to be identifiable intangible assets and a lower amount classified as goodwill. 

The primary identifiable intangible asset we typically record in connection with a whole bank or bank branch 
acquisition is the value of the core deposit intangible, whereas when we acquire an insurance agency or a SBA 
consulting firm, as we did in 2016, the primary identifiable intangible asset is the value of the acquired customer 
list.  Determining the amount of identifiable intangible assets and their average lives involves multiple 
assumptions and estimates and is typically determined by performing a discounted cash flow analysis, which 
involves a combination of any or all of the following assumptions:  customer attrition/runoff, alternative funding 
costs, deposit servicing costs, and discount rates.  We typically engage a third party consultant to assist in each 
analysis.  For the whole bank and bank branch transactions recorded to date, the core deposit intangibles have 
generally been estimated to have a life ranging from seven to ten years, with an accelerated rate of 
amortization.  For insurance agency acquisitions, the identifiable intangible assets related to the customer lists 
were determined to have a life of ten to fifteen years, with amortization occurring on a straight-line basis.  For 
the SBA consulting firm, the identifiable intangible asset related to the customer list was determined to have a 
life of approximately seven years, with amortization occurring on a straight-line basis. 

Subsequent to the initial recording of the identifiable intangible assets and goodwill, we amortize the 
identifiable intangible assets over their estimated average lives, as discussed above.  In addition, on at least an 
annual basis, goodwill is evaluated for impairment by comparing the fair value of our reporting units to their 
related carrying value, including goodwill.  If the carrying value of a reporting unit were ever to exceed its fair 
value, we would determine whether the implied fair value of the goodwill, using a discounted cash flow analysis, 
exceeded the carrying value of the goodwill.  If the carrying value of the goodwill exceeded the implied fair value 
of the goodwill, an impairment loss would be recorded in an amount equal to that excess.  Performing such a 
discounted cash flow analysis would involve the significant use of estimates and assumptions. 

In our 2016 goodwill impairment evaluation, we concluded that our goodwill was not impaired. 

We review identifiable intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate 
that the carrying value may not be recoverable.  Our policy is that an impairment loss is recognized, equal to the 
difference between the asset’s carrying amount and its fair value, if the sum of the expected undiscounted 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset.  Estimating future cash flows involves the use of 
multiple estimates and assumptions, such as those listed above.  

Fair Value and Discount Accretion of Acquired Loans 

We consider the determination of the initial fair value of acquired loans and the subsequent discount accretion 
of the purchased loans to involve a high degree of judgment and complexity.  Substantially all of our acquired 
loans over the past ten years resulted from FDIC-assisted transactions of two failed banks, thus the initial fair 
value of the related FDIC indemnification asset also involved a high degree of judgment and complexity.   

We determine fair value accounting estimates of newly assumed assets and liabilities in accordance with 
relevant accounting guidance.  However, the amount that we realize on these assets could differ materially from 
the carrying value reflected in our financial statements, based upon the timing of collections on the acquired 
loans in future periods.  Because of the inherent credit losses associated with the acquired loans in a failed bank 
acquisition, the amount that we record as the fair values for the loans is generally less than the contractual 
unpaid principal balance due from the borrowers, with the difference being referred to as the “discount” on the 
acquired loans.  We have applied the cost recovery method of accounting to all purchased impaired loans due to 
the uncertainty as to the timing of expected cash flows.  This will generally result in the recognition of interest 
income on these impaired loans only when the cash payments received from the borrower exceed the recorded 
net book value of the related loans. 

For nonimpaired purchased loans, we accrete the discount over the lives of the loans in a manner consistent 
with the guidance for accounting for loan origination fees and costs.  

Merger and Acquisition Activity 

As previously discussed, in January 2016, we acquired an insurance agency in Sanford, North Carolina, and in 
May 2016, we acquired a firm specializing in origination and servicing of SBA loans. In July 2016, we exchanged 
our seven bank branches located in Virginia to another community bank in return for six of their North Carolina 
branches.   

See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding these acquisitions. 

FDIC Indemnification Asset 

As previously discussed, on June 19, 2009 and January 21, 2011, we acquired substantially all of the assets and 
liabilities of Cooperative Bank and The Bank of Asheville, respectively, in FDIC-assisted transactions.  For each 
transaction, we entered into two loss share agreements with the FDIC, which provided the Bank significant loss 
protection from losses experienced on the loans and foreclosed real estate.  Under the Cooperative Bank loss 
share agreements, the FDIC covered 80% of covered loan and foreclosed real estate losses up to $303 million, 
and 95% of losses in excess of that amount.  Under The Bank of Asheville loss share agreements, the FDIC 
covered 80% of all covered loan and foreclosed real estate losses.  For both transactions, the loss share 
reimbursements were applicable for ten years for single family home loans and five years for all other loans.  
One of our Cooperative Bank agreements expired on July 1, 2014 and one of The Bank of Asheville agreements 
expired on April 1, 2016.  On September 22, 2016, we reached a mutual agreement with the FDIC to terminate 
all loss share agreements.  Under the terms of the agreement, the Bank paid $2.0 million to the FDIC to 
terminate all rights and obligations associated with the agreements.  As a result, all future losses and recoveries 
associated with failed bank assets will be borne solely by the Bank.   

In connection with the two FDIC transactions noted above, we recorded an FDIC indemnification asset that 
represented payments expected to be received from the FDIC related to the loss share agreements.  The 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
carrying value of this receivable at each period end was the sum of:  1) actual claims that were incurred and 
were in the process of submission to the FDIC for reimbursement, but were not yet received and 2) our 
estimated amount of claimable loan and other real estate losses covered by the agreements multiplied by the 
FDIC reimbursement percentage.  As a result of the termination of the loss share agreements, we no longer have 
an indemnification asset related to these agreements. 

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the FDIC indemnification asset was comprised of the following components: 

($ in thousands) 

Receivable (payable) related to claims incurred (recoveries), not yet received (paid), net 
Receivable related to estimated future claims on loans 
Receivable related to estimated future claims on foreclosed real estate 
     FDIC indemnification asset 

2016 
       $          ̶ 
̶ 
̶ 
$         ̶ 

2015 

(633) 
8,675 
397 
8,439 

Subsequent to the initial recording of the indemnification asset, we recorded adjustments to it as discussed 
below, the FDIC indemnification asset was generally adjusted in the following circumstances, with downward 
adjustments to the asset resulting in FDIC indemnification asset expense, and upwards adjustments resulting in 
FDIC indemnification asset income, or a reduction in collection expense, as discussed below: 

1)  Deterioration of credit quality of covered loans – As of the acquisition dates, we recorded the loans 
acquired from Cooperative Bank and The Bank of Asheville on our books at a fair value that was $227.9 million 
and $51.7 million, respectively, less than the contractual amounts due from the borrowers, which was our 
estimate of the loan losses inherent in the portfolio.  As the credit quality of these portfolios changed and better 
information was obtained about likely losses, some loans had better repayment expectations than we originally 
projected and some loans had worse repayment expectations than originally projected.  For loans with worse 
repayment expectations, we generally recorded provisions for loan losses with corresponding increases to the 
FDIC indemnification asset by recording noninterest income (indemnification asset income) in proportion to the 
80% reimbursement percentage.  In 2014, we recorded provisions for loan losses on covered loans amounting to 
$1.7 million that resulted in a corresponding upward adjustment to the FDIC indemnification asset of $1.4 
million.  We also recorded an additional $1.4 million in provisions for loan losses in 2014 without corresponding 
increases to the indemnification asset because we believed certain loan losses would occur after the expiration 
of the loss share agreements.  In 2015 and 2016, we recorded negative provisions for loan losses on covered 
loans as a result of loan recoveries that exceeded charge-offs by $2.3 million and $1.7 million, respectively.   

2)  Write-downs and losses on foreclosed properties – When we foreclose on delinquent borrowers, we 
initially record the foreclosed property at the lower of book or fair value, less costs to sell, (based on current 
appraisals), with any deficiency recorded as a loan charge-off.  Subsequent to the foreclosure, we periodically 
review the fair value of the property through updated appraisals or independent market pricing, and if the 
appraisal or market pricing indicates a fair value lower than our carrying value, we must write the property 
down.  We also sell foreclosed properties that frequently result in losses.  Each of these situations generally 
resulted in the Company recording losses on covered foreclosed properties with a corresponding 80% increase 
to the FDIC indemnification asset.  If we sold a foreclosed property that resulted in a gain, then we generally 
recorded a corresponding decrease to the FDIC indemnification asset to reflect the fact that we had to 
reimburse the FDIC 80% of any gains that related to prior claims.  In 2016 and 2015, we recorded net gains on 
covered foreclosed properties amounting to $0.9 million and $1.0 million, respectively, which resulted in a 
downward adjustment to the FDIC indemnification asset of $0.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively.  In 2014, 
we recorded net losses and write-downs on covered foreclosed properties amounting to $1.9 million, which 
resulted in an upward adjustment to the FDIC indemnification asset of $1.5 million.   

3)  Expenses incurred related to collection activities on covered assets – As a result of our collection efforts, 

we incurred expenses such as legal fees, property taxes and appraisal costs.  Many of these expenses were 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
reimbursable by the FDIC.  These expenses were recorded as “other” noninterest expenses and a corresponding 
increase was made to increase the FDIC indemnification asset by reducing the gross collection expenses by the 
amount expected to be reimbursed by the FDIC for eligible expenses.  In 2016, 2015, and 2014, we incurred $0.4 
million, $1.2 million, and $3.1 million, in gross collection expenses related to covered assets, respectively, and 
reduced that amount by $0.3 million, $1.2 million, and $3.9 million, in FDIC reimbursements, respectively. 

     4)  Cash transactions with the FDIC related to claims – On at least a quarterly basis, we submitted eligible loss 
share claims or recoveries to the FDIC.  After reviewing and approving the claims/recoveries, the FDIC wired us 
cash or we wired the FDIC cash, which reduced or increased the amount of the FDIC indemnification asset.   In 
2016, we paid approximately $1.6 million in cash to the FDIC related to recoveries on loss share loans.  In 2015 
and 2014, we received $6.7 million and $17.7 million in FDIC reimbursements, respectively. 

5)  Accretion of discount on acquired loans – As noted above, we recorded the acquired loans of the two loss 
share transactions on our books at a fair value that was $280 million (in total) less than the contractual amounts 
due from the borrowers (the “discount”), which were our estimate of the loan losses inherent in the portfolio.  
As the credit quality of this portfolio changed and better information was obtained about likely losses, some 
loans had better repayment expectations than we originally projected and some loans had worse repayment 
expectations than originally projected (as discussed above).   For loans with improved repayment expectations, 
we are systematically reducing the discount over the life of the loan.  For some loans, we have received 
complete payoffs at the contractual balance and the discount must be reduced to zero.  When we 
reduce/accrete the discount, we do so by recognizing interest income in that same amount.  When the expected 
losses became less than the original estimate, our expected reimbursement from the FDIC declined as well.  
Accordingly, we generally reduced the FDIC indemnification asset in correlation to the accretion of the loan 
discount.  Prior to the termination of the loss share agreements, we recorded $2.7 million in discount accretion 
in 2016, which resulted in a reduction to the FDIC indemnification asset and indemnification expense of $2.0 
million.  In 2015 and 2014, we recorded discount accretion of $4.8 million and $16.0 million, respectively, which 
resulted in reductions to the FDIC indemnification asset and indemnification expense of $5.6 million and $15.3 
million, respectively. 

In summary, circumstances that resulted in adjustments to the FDIC indemnification asset were recorded within 
the income statement line items noted without consideration of the FDIC loss share agreements.  Because 
favorable changes in covered assets resulted in lower expected FDIC claims, and unfavorable changes in covered 
assets generally resulted in higher expected FDIC claims, the FDIC indemnification asset was adjusted to reflect 
those expectations.  The net increase or decrease in the indemnification asset was reflected within noninterest 
income as indemnification asset income/expense. 

The adjustments resulted in volatility within individual income statement line items.  Because of the FDIC loss 
share agreements and the associated indemnification asset, amounts recorded as provisions for loan losses, 
discount accretion, and losses from foreclosed properties generally only impacted pretax income by 20% of 
those amounts, due to the corresponding adjustments that were made to the indemnification asset. 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
The following presents a rollforward of the FDIC indemnification asset since the date of the Cooperative Bank 
acquisition on June 19, 2009 through the date of termination of the loss share agreements on September 22, 
2016. 

($ in thousands) 

Balance at June 19, 2009 
Decrease related to favorable change in loss estimates 
Increase related to reimbursable expenses 
Cash received 
Accretion of loan discount 
Balance at December 31, 2009 
Increase related to unfavorable change in loss estimates 
Increase related to reimbursable expenses 
Cash received 
Accretion of loan discount 
Balance at December 31, 2010 
Increase related to acquisition of The Bank of Asheville 
Increase related to unfavorable change in loss estimates  
Increase related to reimbursable expenses 
Cash received 
Accretion of loan discount 
Other 
Balance at December 31, 2011 
Increase related to unfavorable change in loss estimates  
Increase related to reimbursable expenses 
Cash received 
Accretion of loan discount 
Other 
Balance at December 31, 2012 
Increase related to unfavorable change in loss estimates  
Increase related to reimbursable expenses 
Cash received 
Accretion of loan discount 
Other 
Balance at December 31, 2013 
Increase related to unfavorable change in loss estimates  
Increase related to reimbursable expenses 
Cash received 
Accretion of loan discount 
Other 
Balance at December 31, 2014 
Increase (decrease) related to unfavorable (favorable) changes in loss estimates  
Increase related to reimbursable expenses 
Cash received 
Accretion of loan discount 
Decrease related to settlement of disputed claims 
Other 
Balance at December 31, 2015 
Increase (decrease) related to unfavorable (favorable) changes in loss estimates  
Increase related to reimbursable expenses 
Cash paid 
Amortization associated with accretion of loan discount 
Other 
Write-off of asset balance upon termination of FDIC loss share agreements          
Balance at December 31, 2016 

49 

$      185,112 
(1,516) 
1,300 
(40,500) 
(1,175) 
143,221 
30,419 
2,900 
(46,721) 
(6,100) 
    123,719 
42,218 
29,814 
5,725 
(69,339) 
(9,278) 
(1,182) 
    121,677 
16,984 
6,947 
(29,796) 
(13,173) 
(80) 
    102,559 
9,312 
5,352 
(49,572) 
(16,160) 
(2,869) 
       48,622 
2,923 
3,925 
(17,724) 
(15,281) 
104 
                22,569 
       (3,031) 
1,232 
(6,673) 
(5,584) 
(406) 
332 
       $             8,439 
(2,246) 
205 
1,554 
(2,005) 
(236) 
(5,711) 
$                       ̶ 

 
 
 
 
 
 
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

Net interest income, the “spread” between earnings on interest-earning assets and the interest paid on interest-
bearing liabilities, constitutes the largest source of our earnings.  Other factors that significantly affect operating 
results are the provision for loan losses, noninterest income such as service fees and noninterest expenses such 
as salaries, occupancy expense, equipment expense and other overhead costs, as well as the effects of income 
taxes. 

Net Interest Income 

Net interest income on a reported basis amounted to $123.4 million in 2016, $119.7 million in 2015, and $131.6 
million in 2014.  For internal purposes and in the discussion that follows, we evaluate our net interest income on 
a tax-equivalent basis by adding the tax benefit realized from tax-exempt securities to reported interest income.  
Net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis amounted to $125.4 million in 2016, $121.4 million in 2015, and 
$133.1 million in 2014.  Management believes that analysis of net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis is 
useful and appropriate because it allows a comparison of net interest amounts in different periods without 
taking into account the different mix of taxable versus non-taxable investments that may have existed during 
those periods.  The following is a reconciliation of reported net interest income to tax-equivalent net interest 
income. 

($ in thousands) 
Net interest income, as reported 
Tax-equivalent adjustment 
Net interest income, tax-equivalent 

2016 
$    123,380 
2,054 
$    125,434 

Year ended December 31, 
2015 
         119,747 
1,634 
    121,381 

2014 
    131,609 
1,502 
    133,111 

Table 2 analyzes net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis.  Our net interest income on a tax-equivalent 
basis increased by 3.3% in 2016 and decreased by 8.8% in 2015.  There are two primary factors that cause 
changes in the amount of net interest income we record – 1) changes in our loans and deposits balances and 2) 
our net interest margin. “Net interest margin” is a ratio we use to measure the spread between the yield on our 
earning assets and the cost of our funding and is calculated by dividing tax-equivalent net interest income by 
average earning assets. 

The increase in net interest income in 2016 compared to 2015 was primarily due to growth in our loans 
outstanding, the positive impact of which was partially offset by a 10 basis point decline in our net interest 
margin.  The decrease in net interest income in 2015 compared to 2014 was due to a lower net interest margin 
caused primarily by lower loan discount accretion, as average loans and deposits were approximately the same 
for those years.   

For 2016 average loans increased $168.7 million, or 6.9%, with interest income earned on loans increasing by 
$3.4 million over 2015, while average deposits also had good growth at 5.2%  For 2015, average loans 
outstanding amounted to $2.43 billion, unchanged from 2014, while average deposits declined slightly by 1.3%. 

Our net interest margin declined from 4.58% in 2014 to 4.13% in 2015 to 4.03% in 2016.  Lower asset yields have 
been the primary factor causing the decline in the net interest margin.  From 2014 to 2016, the yield we earned 
on our interest-earning assets declined from 4.86% in 2014 to 4.37% in 2015 to 4.28% in 2016.  Steadily 
declining loan yields caused by the continued low interest rate environment and competition for loans have 
played a factor in this decline.  Additionally in comparing 2014 to 2015, a significant factor in the lower loan 
yields was a lower amount of loan discount accretion on purchased loans purchased (see discussion below).    

The declines in asset yields were partially offset by lower liability costs, as we have been able to progressively 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
lower interest rates on maturing time deposits that were originated in prior periods.  The average interest rate 
paid on our interest bearing deposits declined from 0.32% in 2014 to 0.26% in 2015 to 0.24% in 2016.  Also, 
shifts in the funding mix of our liabilities have had a positive impact on our net interest margin.  As calculated 
from Table 2, the average amount of our lower cost deposits, comprised of checking accounts (non-interest 
bearing and interest bearing), money market accounts and savings accounts, steadily increased from $1.8 billion 
in 2014 to $2.2 billion in 2016, an increase of 20%, while the average amount of our higher cost funding, 
comprised of time deposits, decreased from $0.9 billion to $0.7 billion over that same period, a decline of 28%.  

The net interest margin for all periods benefited, by varying amounts, from the net accretion of purchase 
accounting premiums/discounts associated with acquisitions, primarily the Cooperative Bank acquisition in June 
2009 and The Bank of Asheville acquisition in January 2011.  As can be seen in the table below, we recorded $4.5 
million in 2016, $4.8 million in 2015, and $15.9 million in 2014, in net accretion of purchase accounting 
premiums/discounts that increased net interest income. 

($ in thousands) 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2016 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2015 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2014 

Interest income – reduced by premium amortization on loans 
Interest income – increased by accretion of loan discount 
Interest expense – reduced by premium amortization of deposits 
     Impact on net interest income 

$              −  
4,451 
77 
$       4,528 

              −  
4,751 
− 
       4,751 

             (98)    
16,009 
7 
       15,918 

The biggest component of the purchase accounting adjustments in each year was loan discount accretion, which 
amounted to $4.5 million in 2016, $4.8 million in 2015, and $16.0 million in 2014.  In 2016, 2015 and 2014, lower 
amounts of remaining unaccreted loan discount resulted in lower amounts of loan discount accretion – 
unaccreted loan discount has declined from $39.6 million at January 1, 2014 to $12.7 million at December 31, 
2016.  We expect loan discount accretion to continue to decline as a result of the continued decline in remaining 
unaccreted discount. 

Table 3 presents additional detail regarding the estimated impact that changes in loan and deposit volumes and 
changes in the interest rates we earned/paid had on our net interest income in 2015 and 2016.  For 2016, higher 
loan volume positively impacted interest income by $8.0 million, while lower loan interest rates negatively 
impacted interest income by $4.6 million, with the net effect driving the total increase in interest income of $4.8 
million.  A higher level of borrowings in 2016 was the primary factor causing the $0.7 million increase in interest 
expense.  The higher level of borrowings was necessary in 2016 in order to fund the loan growth, which 
outpaced deposit growth.  Overall, as the table indicates, net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis grew 
$4.1 million in 2016. 

For 2015, Table 3 shows that changes in loan rates reduced interest income by $15.8 million, with $11.3 million 
of that decrease being the lower loan discount accretion discussed above.  A $2.7 million positive impact of 
having a higher volume of taxable securities partially offset the lower loan interest income, which resulted in 
2015 having an interest income decline of $13.0 million.  Lower volumes and lower rates paid on deposits drove 
a decline of $1.3 million in interest expense, which, overall, resulted in tax-equivalent net interest income 
declining by $11.7 million in 2015 compared to 2014. 

See additional information regarding net interest income in the section entitled “Interest Rate Risk.” 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for Loan Losses 

The provision for loan losses charged to operations is an amount sufficient to bring the allowance for loan losses 
to an estimated balance considered appropriate to absorb probable losses inherent in our loan portfolio. 
Management’s determination of the adequacy of the allowance is based on our level of loan growth, an 
evaluation of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions, historical loan loss experience and other risk 
factors. 

For 2016 and 2015, we recorded total negative provisions for loan losses (reduction of allowance for loan losses) 
of $23,000 and $780,000, respectively.  For 2014, our total provisions for loan losses were $10.2 million.  The 
total provision for loan losses is comprised of provision for loan losses for non-covered loans and provision for 
loan losses for covered loans, as discussed in the following paragraphs. 

For periods prior to the third quarter 2016 termination of our loss share agreements, we computed and 
presented the provision for loan losses related to covered loans separately from that of our non-covered loans.  
Generally, we had recorded provisions for loan losses on non-covered loans as a result of net charge-offs and 
loan growth, while significant recoveries in our previously covered loan portfolios resulted in negative provisions 
for loan losses.  Upon the termination of the loss share agreements, all loans became classified as non-covered 
and the allowance for loan losses balances were combined into a single amount and no longer computed 
separately.   

We recorded $2.1 million, $2.0 million, and $7.1 million in provisions for loan losses related to non-covered 
loans for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.  In 2015, a prolonged period of 
stable and improving loan quality trends resulted in lower provision for loan losses that was needed to adjust 
our allowance for loan losses to the appropriate amount.  This was because our allowance for loan loss model 
utilizes the net charge-offs experienced in the most recent years as a significant component of estimating the 
current allowance for loan losses that is necessary.  Thus, older years (and parts thereof) systematically age out 
and are excluded from the analysis as time goes on.  In 2015, periods of high net charge-offs we experienced 
during the peak of the recession dropped out of the analysis and were replaced by the more modest levels of 
net charge-offs recently experienced.  This had the impact of bringing our overall allowance for loan loss level 
down to a more normalized level following the elevated amounts we maintained during and immediately 
following the recession and was the primary reason for the provision for loan losses on non-covered loans 
declining from $7.1 million in 2014 to $2.0 million in 2015.  This same situation continued in 2016 and was 
further impacted by net charge-offs that declined significantly.  These factors combined to result in a provision 
for non-covered loan losses that increased only slightly to $2.1 million in 2016 despite higher loan growth.  The 
factors just noted resulted in our non-covered allowance for loan losses to total loans ratio declining from 1.69% 
at December 31, 2014 to 1.11% at December 31, 2015 to 0.88% at December 31, 2016.  In 2017, it is likely that 
we will record a higher amount of provision for loan losses than we did in 2015 and 2016, as we provide for on-
going loan charge-offs and expected new loan growth. 

As it relates to covered loans, we recorded a negative provision for loan losses (reduction of allowance for loan 
losses) of $2.1 million in 2016 and $2.8 million in 2015 and a provision for loan losses of $3.1 million in 2014.  
The negative provisions in 2015 and 2016 resulted from lower levels of covered nonperforming loans, declining 
levels of total covered loans, and several large recoveries received that resulted in having net loan recoveries 
(recoveries, net of charge-offs) of $1.7 million in 2016 and $2.3 million in 2015.  We recorded provisions for loan 
losses on covered loans of $3.1 million during 2014 to provide for loans that showed signs of collection problems 
during the year, as well as to provide for collateral dependent nonaccrual loans for which we received updated 
appraisals during the year that reflected lower collateral valuations.   

Total net charge-offs (covered and non-covered) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, were 
$3.7 million, $11.3 million, and $18.1 million, respectively.   

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net-charge offs of non-covered loans were $5.4 million, $13.6 million, and $14.7 million for 2016, 2015, and 
2014, respectively.  The declining amount of non-covered net-charge offs in recent years is reflective of 
improving economic conditions and lower levels of our highest-risk loans. 

Net charge-offs (recoveries) of covered loans were ($1.7 million), ($2.3 million), and $3.3 million in 2016, 2015, 
and 2014, respectively, with several large recoveries significantly impacting 2015 and 2016. 

As seen in Table 14, in 2016 and 2015, net charge-offs were highest in our residential first mortgages, which is 
reflective of these loans comprising approximately 30% of our total loans, as well as continued challenging 
economic conditions in some of our more rural market areas.  In 2012-2014, net charge-offs were highest in 
loans classified as “real estate – construction, land development & other land loans.”  This category of loans is 
primarily comprised of land acquisition and development loans and other types of lot loans.  These types of 
loans were particularly hard hit by the decline in real estate development and property values that occurred in 
the recession.   

See “Nonperforming Assets” below for further discussion of our asset quality, which impacts our provisions for 
loan losses. 

See the section entitled “Allowance for Loan Losses and Loan Loss Experience” below for a more detailed 
discussion of the allowance for loan losses.  The allowance is monitored and analyzed regularly in conjunction 
with our loan analysis and grading program, and adjustments are made to maintain an adequate allowance for 
loan losses. 

Noninterest Income 

Our noninterest income amounted to $25.6 million in 2016, $18.8 million in 2015, and $14.4 million in 2014. 

As shown in Table 4, core noninterest income excludes gains from acquisitions, foreclosed property write-downs 
and losses, indemnification asset income (expense), securities gains or losses, and other miscellaneous gains and 
losses.  Core noninterest income amounted to $35.0 million in 2016, a 19.3% increase from the $29.3 million 
recorded in 2015.  The 2015 core noninterest income of $29.3 million was a 3.8% decrease from the $30.5 
million recorded in 2014.  

See Table 4 and the following discussion for an understanding of the components of noninterest income. 

Service charges on deposit accounts amounted to $10.6 million, $11.6 million, and $13.7 million in 2016, 2015 
and 2014, respectively.  In 2016 and 2015, fewer instances of fees earned from customers overdrawing their 
accounts have impacted this line item, as well as more customers meeting the requirements to have the 
monthly services charges waived on their checking accounts.   

Other service charges, commissions and fees amounted to $11.9 million in 2016, a 9.2% increase from the $10.9 
million earned in 2015.  The 2015 amount of $10.9 million was 8.9% higher than the $10.0 million earned in 
2014.  This category of noninterest income includes items such as electronic payment processing revenue (which 
includes fees related to credit card transactions by merchants and customers and fees earned from debit card 
transactions), ATM charges, safety deposit box rentals, fees from sales of personalized checks, and check cashing 
fees.  The growth in this category for both years was primarily attributable to increased debit card usage by our 
customers, as we earn a small fee each time our customers make a debit card transaction.  Interchange income 
from credit cards has also increased due to growth in the number and usage of credit cards, which we believe is 
a result of increased promotion of this product. 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fees from presold mortgages amounted to $2.0 million in 2016, $2.5 million in 2015, and $2.7 million in 2014.  
Fewer mortgage loan originations resulted in decreases in these fees in 2016 and 2015.  Also, fewer mortgage 
loans were sold to the secondary market in 2016 and 2015 compared to 2014 due to our decision to hold more 
loans for investment in order to offset declines in our residential mortgage loan portfolio. 

Commissions from sales of insurance and financial products amounted to $3.8 million in 2016, $2.6 million in 
2015, and $2.7 million in 2014.  This line item includes commissions we receive from three sources - 1) sales of 
credit life insurance associated with new loans, 2) commissions from the sales of investment, annuity, and long 
term care insurance products, and 3) commissions from the sale of property and casualty insurance.  The 
following table presents the contribution of each of the three sources to the total amount recognized in this line 
item: 

($ in thousands) 

Commissions earned from: 
Sales of credit life insurance 
Sales of investments, annuities, and long term care insurance 
Sales of property and casualty insurance 
          Total 

For the year ended December 31, 

2016 

2015 

2014 

 $            15                   

             26                   

             43                   

2,027 
1,748 
$     3,790         

1,934 
620 
     2,580         

2,028 
662 
     2,733         

As can be seen in the above table, sales of property and casualty insurance increased significantly in 2016 
compared to 2015, which is due to our January 1, 2016 acquisition of Bankingport, Inc., an insurance agency 
located in Sanford, North Carolina (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for additional 
information).  Sales of investments, annuities and long term care insurance did not vary significantly among the 
years presented.   

The largest reason for the increases in core noninterest income in 2016 was the addition of SBA consulting fees 
and SBA loan sale gains during the last half of 2016.  As previously discussed, on May 5, 2016, we completed the 
acquisition of a firm that specializes in consulting with financial institutions across the country related to SBA 
loan origination and servicing (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information).  
We recorded $3.2 million in SBA consulting fees related to this business from the date of the acquisition through 
December 31, 2016.  In the third quarter of 2016, we leveraged the expertise we gained from personnel 
assumed in the SBA Complete acquisition and launched a national SBA lending division offering SBA loans to 
small business owners throughout the United States.  The SBA division originated $24.8 million in loans in 2016 
and earned $1.4 million from gains on the sales of the guaranteed portions of these loans for the year.  

Table 4 shows earnings from bank-owned life insurance income were $2.1 million in 2016, $1.7 million in 2015, 
and $1.3 million in 2014.  In the fourth quarters of 2015 and 2014, we purchased $15.0 million and $10.0 million, 
respectively, in bank-owned life insurance on certain officers of our Company, which increased our income for 
this line item. 

Noninterest income not considered to be “core” resulted in net reductions to total noninterest income of $9.4 
million in 2016, $10.6 million in 2015, and $16.1 million in 2014.  The components of non-core noninterest 
income are shown in Table 4 and the significant components thereof are discussed below. 

We recorded net losses on non-covered foreclosed properties of $1.5 million in 2016, $2.5 million in 2015, and 
$1.9 million in 2014.  These losses have resulted from ongoing declines in property values for certain types of 
properties.  Additionally, in order to dispose of certain of our foreclosed properties that we held for an extended 
period of time, it became necessary to accept sales offers that resulted in losses.   

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We recorded $0.9 million and $1.0 million of net gains on covered foreclosed properties in 2016 and 2015, 
respectively, and $1.9 million of net losses on covered foreclosed properties in 2014.  Most of our covered 
foreclosed properties were along the coast of North Carolina.  The market value for properties in that area 
recovered significantly following the recession and resulted in the gains experienced in 2015 and 2016. 

Indemnification asset expense amounted to $10.3 million, $8.6 million, and $12.8 million, for the years ended 
December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.  Historically, indemnification asset income (expense) was 
recorded to reflect additional (or decreased) amounts that were expected to be received from the FDIC during 
the period related to covered assets.  The three primary items that resulted in recording indemnification asset 
income (expense) were 1) loan discount accretion resulting from improved borrower repayment prospects, 
which generally resulted in indemnification expense, 2) provisions (reversals) for loan losses on covered loans, 
which resulted in indemnification income (expense) and 3) foreclosed property gains (losses) on covered assets, 
which resulted in indemnification expense (income).  Lower indemnification asset expense realized in 2015 
compared to 2014 was primarily correlated with the significantly lower loan discount accretion income recorded 
in 2015.  The higher indemnification asset expense in 2016 resulted from the write-off of the remaining 
indemnification asset of $5.7 million when we terminated the FDIC loss share agreements.  The following table 
presents the sources of indemnification income (expense) for the periods noted. 

($ in millions) 
Indemnification asset expense associated with loan discount accretion income  
Indemnification asset income (expense) associated with loan losses (recoveries), net 
Indemnification asset income (expense) associated with foreclosed property losses (gains)  
Indemnification asset expense associated with termination of loss share agreements 
Other sources of indemnification asset income (expense) 
Total indemnification asset income (expense)  

For the year ended December 31, 
2015 
2014 
2016 
        (5.6)    
     (2.3) 
(0.4) 
̶ 
(0.3) 
       (8.6) 

$        (2.0)    
     (1.6) 
(0.7) 
(5.7) 
(0.3) 
    $    (10.3) 

     1.4 
1.5 
̶  
(0.4) 
       (12.8) 

        (15.3)    

Securities gains (losses) were insignificant for 2016 and 2015.  We recorded $0.8 million in securities gains 
during 2014, related to sales of $47.5 million in available for sale securities. 

In 2016, we recorded a $1.5 million gain in the branch exchange with First Community Bank (see Note 2 of the 
consolidated financial statements for additional discussion).  In 2015, “Other gains (losses)” was primarily 
comprised of a $0.4 million write-off of an FDIC loss share claim associated with a dispute settlement, whereas 
in 2014, the net loss was caused primarily by write-downs and losses on sales of vacated branch buildings.   

Noninterest Expenses 

Total noninterest expenses totaled $106.8 million, $98.1 million, and $97.3 million for 2016, 2015 and 2014, 
respectively.  Table 5 presents the components of our noninterest expense during the past three years.  The 
primary reason for the growth in noninterest expense in 2016 was associated with our growth initiatives, 
including acquisitions and market expansion.  Line items with the largest fluctuations are further discussed 
below. 

Total personnel expense increased from $56.8 million in 2015 to $62.1 million in 2016, an increase of $5.3 
million, or 9.3%.  Within personnel expense, salaries expense increased $3.6 million in 2016 and employee 
benefits expense increased by $1.7 million in 2016.  The primary reason for these increases in personnel 
expense is the aforementioned growth initiatives in 2016, including acquisitions of an insurance agency and an 
SBA consulting firm, as well as the creation of an SBA lending division and our expansion into Greensboro, 
Raleigh and Charlotte, all in North Carolina.   

Total personnel expense increased from $55.2 million in 2014 to $56.8 million in 2015, an increase of $1.6 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
million, or 3.0%.  Within personnel expense, salaries expense increased $1.6 million, of which $0.9 million 
related to higher amounts of incentive compensation expense earned by employees in 2015.  Also, we recorded 
$0.6 million in stock-based compensation expense in 2015 compared to $0.1 million in 2014, primarily related to 
retention-based stock grants made in 2015.  Employee benefits expense for 2015 remained unchanged from 
2014 at $9.1 million. 

Net occupancy expenses amounted to $7.8 million in 2016, $7.4 million in 2015, and $7.4 million in 2014.  The 
increases in 2016 were related to the aforementioned acquisitions and expansion initiatives. 

Equipment related expenses remained relatively stable over the past three years, amounting to $3.6 million, 
$3.7 million, and $3.9 million, in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.   

Merger and acquisition expenses amounted to $1.4 million in 2016 compared to none in 2015 and 2014.  The 
2016 amount was primarily comprised of professional fees incurred in our acquisitions of Bankingport and SBA 
Complete, our branch exchange, and our agreement to acquire Carolina Bank. 

Intangible amortization expense increased from $0.7-0.8 million in 2014 and 2015 to $1.2 million in 2016.  The 
increase was due to the additional amortizable intangible assets recorded in connection with the acquisitions of 
Bankingport and SBA Complete and the branch exchange transaction with First Community Bank.   

FDIC insurance expense amounted to $2.0 million in 2016, $2.4 million in 2015, and $4.0 million in 2014.  The 
insurance premium rate charged by the FDIC is based on several variable factors that can result in fluctuations 
from year to year.  As previously discussed, a change in the methodology for assessing banks with $10 billion or 
less in total assets was implemented as of July 1, 2016 due to the deposit insurance fund reaching a targeted 
minimum level.  This change was the biggest factor in the lower expense in 2016. 

Collection expenses related to non-covered assets amounted to $2.1-$2.2 million in 2014 and 2015 and declined 
to $1.8 million in 2016.  With the lower levels of nonperforming assets, we expect this expense to continue to 
decline.  

Collection expenses on covered assets, net of FDIC reimbursements, amounted to a net expense of $0.1 million 
in 2016, and net reimbursements of $0.1 million in 2015 and $0.9 million in 2014.  This expense has generally 
been low in recent years due to low levels of covered nonperforming assets.  Additionally, in the fourth quarter 
of 2014, we determined that approximately $1.0 million in collection expenses incurred in prior years associated 
with covered assets were eligible to be claimed for reimbursement with the FDIC.  All loss share agreements 
with the FDIC were terminated in 2016, and all collection expenses will be combined for future periods. 

Telephone and data line expense amounted to $2.3 million in 2016, $2.1 million in 2015, and $2.0 million in 
2014.  The higher levels in 2015 and 2016 are due to costs associated with upgrades in the quality of our data 
lines at many of our branches. 

Legal and audit expense amounted to $1.4 million in 2016, $1.7 million in 2015 and $2.0 million in 2014.  The 
decrease in 2015 and 2016 is primarily due to the resolution of various legal matters. 

Non-credit losses increased from $0.3 million in each of 2014 and 2015, to $1.2 million in 2016.  The increase in 
2016 is primarily due to higher debit card and credit card fraud losses.   

In 2014, we also recorded $1.0 million in expenses related to the consolidation and closure of nine of our 
branches.  The branches that were consolidated were generally smaller in size with relatively low staff counts.   

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income Taxes 

Table 6 presents the components of income tax expense and the related effective tax rates.  We recorded 
income tax expense of $14.6 million in 2016, $14.1 million in 2015, and $13.5 million in 2014.  Our effective tax 
rates were 34.7% for 2016, 34.3% for 2015, and 35.1% for 2014.  The slight increase in effective tax rate in 2016 
was due to nondeductible intangible and merger and acquisition expenses incurred related to corporate 
acquisitions and the branch exchange transaction.  Excluding those items, our effective tax rate has generally 
declined in recent years due to higher amounts of tax-exempt income, primarily bank-owned life insurance 
income, and lower statutory income tax rates in North Carolina.  North Carolina implemented decreases to its 
state income tax rate for corporations from 6.0% in 2014 to 5.0% in 2015 to 4.0% in 2016.  The North Carolina 
state income tax rate further declines to 3% in 2017. 

Stock-Based Compensation 

We recorded stock-based compensation expense of $0.7 million, $0.7 million, and $0.3 million, for the years 
ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.  The increase in this expense from 2014 to 2015-2016 
was due to retention-based restricted stock grants made to certain officers during the year.  See Note 15 to the 
consolidated financial statements for more information regarding stock-based compensation.   

57 

 
 
 
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND CHANGES IN FINANCIAL CONDITION 

Overview 

At December 31, 2016, our total assets amounted to $3.6 billion, a 7.5% increase from 2015.  As previously 
discussed, all FDIC loss share agreements were terminated in September 2016 and, accordingly, assets 
previously covered under those agreements become non-covered on that date.  The following table presents 
detailed information regarding the nature of changes in our loans and deposits in 2015 and 2016: 

($ in thousands) 

2016 
Loans – Non-covered 
Loans – Covered  
     Total loans 

Deposits – Noninterest-bearing 
Deposits – Interest-bearing checking 
Deposits – Money market 
Deposits – Savings 
Deposits – Brokered time 
Deposits – Time >$100,000 – retail 
Deposits – Time <$100,000 – retail 
        Total deposits 

2015 
Loans – Non-covered 
Loans – Covered  
     Total loans 

Deposits – Noninterest-bearing 
Deposits – Interest-bearing checking 
Deposits – Money market 
Deposits – Savings 
Deposits – Brokered time 
Deposits – Internet time 
Deposits – Time >$100,000 – retail 
Deposits – Time <$100,000 – retail 
        Total deposits 

Balance at 
beginning of 
period 

Internal 
growth, 
net (1) 

Net Impact 
of Branch 
Exchange (2) 

$ 2,416,285 
102,641 
2,518,926 

659,038 
626,878 
636,692 
186,616 
76,412 
329,819 
295,830 
$ 2,811,285 

$ 2,268,580 
127,594 
2,396,174 

560,230 
583,903 
548,255 
180,317 
88,375 
747 
384,127 
349,952 
$ 2,695,906 

196,789 
(6,517) 
190,272 

90,807 
12,793 
55,987 
14,263 
60,054 
(33,164) 
(41,751) 
158,989 

147,705 
(24,953) 
122,752 

98,808 
42,975 
88,437 
6,299 
(11,963) 
(747) 
(54,308) 
(54,122) 
115,379 

1,514 
− 
1,514 

6,158 
(4,240) 
(8,999) 
8,195 
− 
(8,716) 
(15,319) 
(22,921) 

− 
− 
− 

− 
− 
− 
− 
− 
− 
− 
− 
− 

Transfer due 
to Expiration 
& 
Termination 
of Loss 
Share 
Agreements  

Balance at 
end of 
period 

Total 
percentage 
growth 

Internal 
percentage 
growth (1) 

96,124 
(96,124) 
− 

2,710,712 
− 
2,710,712 

12.2% 
-100.0% 
7.6% 

− 
− 
− 
− 
− 
− 
− 
− 

− 
− 
− 

− 
− 
− 
− 
− 
− 
− 
− 
− 

756,003 
635,431 
683,680 
209,074 
136,466 
287,939 
238,760 
2,947,353 

2,416,285 
102,641 
2,518,926 

659,038 
626,878 
636,692 
186,616 
76,412 
− 
329,819 
295,830 
2,811,285 

14.7% 
1.4% 
7.4% 
12.0% 
78.6% 
-12.7% 
-19.3% 
4.8% 

6.5% 
-19.6% 
5.1% 

17.6% 
7.4% 
16.1% 
3.5% 
-13.5% 
-100.0% 
-14.1% 
-15.5% 
4.3% 

8.1% 
-6.3% 
7.6% 

13.8% 
2.0% 
8.8% 
7.6% 
78.6% 
-10.1% 
-14.1% 
5.7% 

6.5% 
-19.6% 
5.1% 

17.6% 
7.4% 
16.1% 
3.5% 
-13.5% 
-100.0% 
-14.1% 
-15.5% 
4.3% 

(1)  Excludes the impact of the transfer of loans from covered status to non-covered status on April 1, 2016 due to the expiration of one loss-
sharing agreement and the termination of all remaining loss share agreements on September 22, 2016.  Also, excludes the impact of 
acquisitions in the year of acquisition, but includes growth or declines in acquired operations after the date of acquisition. 

(2)  On July 15, 2016, we completed a branch exchange with First Community Bank, headquartered in Bluefield, Virginia.  We exchanged our seven 
branches in Virginia for six of First Community Bank’s branches in North Carolina, acquiring $152.2 million in loans and $111.3 million in 
deposits, while selling $150.6 million in loans and $134.3 million in deposits.  This columns represents the net difference in what we received 
compared to what we sold. 

In 2016, our total loan growth was 7.6%.  As derived from the table above, we experienced internal growth in 
our non-covered loan portfolio of $196.8 million, or 8.1%.  We terminated our FDIC loss share agreements on 
September 22, 2016 and thus, all loans were transferred to non-covered status on that date.  In 2015, as derived 
from the table above, our total loans increased by $122.8 million, or 5.1%.  During that period, we experienced 
internal growth in our non-covered loan portfolio of $147.7 million, or 6.5%, while our covered loans declined by 
$25.0 million, or 19.6%.    

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We expect continued growth in our loan portfolio in 2017, as we have recently expanded into higher growth 
market areas, and we had experienced bankers join our Company over the past few years.   

During 2016, we experienced a net increase in total deposits of $136.1 million, or 4.8%.  Net internal deposit 
growth amounted to $159.0 million, or 5.7%, which was partially offset by the impact of our branch exchange in 
which we sold $23 million more in deposits than we purchased.  Our internal growth arose from significant 
growth in our low-cost core deposit accounts (checking, money market and savings), which was partially offset 
by declines in our time deposit accounts.  We experienced internal growth of $173.9 million in our core deposit 
accounts, compared to net declines of $74.9 million in retail time deposits, excluding brokered deposits.  Total 
brokered deposits amounted to $136.5 million at December 31, 2016, which is a 78.6% increase from the $76.4 
million outstanding a year earlier.  We increased our holding of brokered deposits in 2016 in order to fund the 
strong loan growth experienced.   

During 2015, we experienced a net increase in total deposits of $115.4 million, or 4.3%, which resulted from 
significant growth in our low-cost core deposit accounts offsetting declines in our time deposit accounts.  We 
experienced growth of $236.5 million in our core deposit accounts, compared to declines of $121.1 million in all 
time deposits. 

Our overall liquidity remained stable in 2016 compared to 2015.  Our liquid assets (cash and securities) as a 
percentage of our total deposits and borrowings was 19.8% at December 31, 2016 compared to 19.7% at 
December 31, 2015.   

At December 31, 2016, our nonperforming assets to total assets ratio was 1.64% compared to 2.66% at 
December 31, 2015.  The decrease is primarily due to improved economic conditions, on-going resolution of 
nonperforming assets and improving credit quality. 

Distribution of Assets and Liabilities 

Table 7 sets forth the percentage relationships of significant components of our balance sheet at December 31, 
2016, 2015, and 2014.   

Our balance sheet mix has remained relatively stable over the past three years.  On the asset side, there have 
been no significant changes, with net loans comprising 73%-74% of total assets and interest-earning assets 
ranging from 89%-91%. 

On the liability side, as previously discussed, in 2015 and 2016, we experienced shifts from time deposit 
categories to our transaction account categories, with noninterest-bearing checking accounts increasing from 
17% of total liabilities and shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2014 to 21% at December 31, 2016.  We also 
obtained additional borrowings in 2015 and 2016 to help fund the loan growth that we experienced during 
those years that increased its percentage from 4% to 7%. 

Shareholders’ equity decreased from 12% of total liabilities and shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2014 to 
10% at December 31, 2015 and 2016 as a result of redeeming $63.5 million in SBLF stock during 2015. 

Securities 

Information regarding our securities portfolio as of December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 is presented in Tables 8 
and 9.   

The composition of the investment securities portfolio reflects our investment strategy of maintaining an 
appropriate level of liquidity while providing a relatively stable source of income.  The investment portfolio also 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
provides a balance to interest rate risk and credit risk in other categories of the balance sheet while providing a 
vehicle for the investment of available funds, furnishing liquidity, and supplying securities to pledge as required 
collateral for certain deposits.  We obtain fair values for the vast majority of our investment securities from a 
third-party investment recordkeeper, who specializes in securities purchases and sales, recordkeeping, and 
valuation.  This recordkeeper provides us with a third-party report that contains an evaluation of internal 
controls that includes testwork of securities valuation.  We further test the values we receive by comparing the 
values for a significant sample of securities to another third-party valuation service on a quarterly basis. 

Total securities amounted to $329.0 million, $320.2 million, and $336.7 million at December 31, 2016, 2015, and 
2014, respectively.  The increase in securities in 2016 was primarily due to purchases of mortgage-backed 
securities. The decrease in securities in 2015 was primarily due to normal paydowns, maturities, and calls of 
mortgage-backed securities. 

The majority of our “government-sponsored enterprise” securities carry one maturity date, often with an issuer 
call feature.  At December 31, 2016, of the $17.5 million (carrying value) in government-sponsored enterprise 
securities, $11.5 million were issued by the Federal Home Loan Bank system, $3.0 million were issued by Freddie 
Mac, and the remaining $3.0 million were issued by the Federal Farm Credit Bank system. 

Our $228.7 million in total mortgage-backed securities have all been issued by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, Ginnie 
Mae, or the Small Business Administration, each of which are government-sponsored corporations.  We have no 
“private label” mortgage-backed securities.  Mortgage-backed securities vary in their repayment in correlation 
with the underlying pools of mortgage loans.   

At December 31, 2016, our $33.6 million investment in corporate bonds was comprised of the following: 

($ in thousands) 

Issuer 

Bank of America 
Goldman Sachs 
JP Morgan Chase 
Citigroup 
Wells Fargo 
Financial Institutions, Inc. 
Eagle Bancorp, Inc. 
First Citizens Bancorp (South Carolina) Trust Preferred Security 
     Total investment in corporate bonds 

(1)  Ratings issued by S&P 
(2)  Rating issued by Kroll Bond Rating Agency 

Issuer 
Ratings 
BBB+ 
BBB+  

       A-  

BBB+  
A- 
BBB-  
BBB 
Not Rated 

(1) 

(1) 

(1) 

(1) 

(1) 

(2) 
(2) 

Maturity Date 

Amortized Cost 

Fair Value 

1/11/2023 
1/22/2023 
1/25/2023 
Various 
2/13/2023 
4/15/2030 
9/1/2024 
6/15/2034 

$   7,000 
5,108 
5,027 
6,042 
3,100 
4,000 
           2,556 
   1,000 
$   33,833 

6,955 
5,054 
4,995 
6,000 
3,053 
3,983 
         2,625 
935 
33,600 

We have concluded that any unrealized losses associated with our corporate bonds are due to interest rate 
considerations and not due to credit concerns. 

We held $129.7 million in securities held to maturity at December 31, 2016, which had a fair value that 
exceeded their carrying value by $0.5 million.  Approximately $80.6 million of the securities held to maturity are 
mortgage-backed securities that have been issued by either Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae.  The remaining $49.1 
million in securities held to maturity are comprised almost entirely of municipal bonds issued by state and local 
governments throughout our market area.  We have only two municipal bonds with a denomination of $2 
million or greater and we have no significant concentration of bond holdings from one government entity, with 
the single largest exposure to any one entity being $3.6 million.  Management evaluated any unrealized losses 
on individual securities at each year end and determined them to be of a temporary nature and caused by 
fluctuations in market interest rates, not by concerns about the ability of the issuers to meet their obligations. 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, net unrealized losses of $3.1 million, $1.2 million and $0.7 million, 
respectively, were included in the carrying value of securities classified as available for sale.  Management 
evaluated any unrealized losses on individual securities at each year end and determined them to be of a 
temporary nature and caused by fluctuations in market interest rates and the overall economic environment, 
not by concerns about the ability of the issuers to meet their obligations.  Net unrealized losses (net of 
applicable deferred income taxes of $1.1 million, $0.5 million, and $0.3 million) have been reported as part of a 
separate component of shareholders’ equity (accumulated other comprehensive income) as of December 31, 
2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.  

The weighted average taxable-equivalent yield for the securities available for sale portfolio was 2.26% at 
December 31, 2016.  The expected weighted average life of the available for sale portfolio using the call date for 
above-market callable bonds, the maturity date for all other non-mortgage-backed securities, and the expected 
life for mortgage-backed securities, was 4.9 years.  

The weighted average taxable-equivalent yield for the securities held to maturity portfolio was 3.25% at 
December 31, 2016.  The expected weighted average life of the held to maturity portfolio using the call date for 
above-market callable bonds, the expected life for mortgage-backed securities, and the maturity date for all 
other securities, was 3.0 years. 

The following table provides the names of issuers for which the Company has investment securities totaling in 
excess of 10% of shareholders’ equity and the fair value and amortized cost of these investments as of 
December 31, 2016.  All of these securities are issued by government sponsored corporations. 

($ in thousands) 

Issuer 
Freddie Mac 
Fannie Mae 
Small Business Administration 
          Total 

Amortized Cost 
$                     79,161 
79,105 
40,315 
$                  198,581 

Fair Value 

77,789 
77,446 
39,576 
194,811 

% of 
Shareholders’ 
Equity 
21.5% 
21.5% 
11.0% 

Loans 

Table 10 provides a summary of the loan portfolio composition of our total loans at each of the past five year 
ends.   

The loan portfolio is the largest category of our earning assets and is comprised of commercial loans, real estate 
mortgage loans, real estate construction loans, and consumer loans.  Virtually all of our current loan portfolio is 
within our 35 county market area, which is located in western, central and eastern North Carolina and three 
counties in northeastern South Carolina.  The diversity of the region’s economic base has historically provided a 
stable lending environment. 

As previously discussed, in our acquisitions of Cooperative Bank in 2009 and The Bank of Asheville in 2011, we 
entered into loss share agreements with the FDIC, which afforded us significant protection from losses on all 
loans and other real estate acquired in those acquisitions.  Because of the loss protection provided by the FDIC, 
the financial risk of the Cooperative Bank and The Bank of Asheville loans became significantly different from 
assets not covered under the loss share agreements, and accordingly, they were presented as “covered loans.”  
Loans that were not subject to the loss share agreements were presented as “non-covered loans.”  All loss share 
agreements were terminated in 2016 and thus the entire loan portfolio is now classified as non-covered.  

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certain disclosures will continue to present the historical breakout of the loan portfolio between covered and 
non-covered.   

In 2016, loans outstanding increased $192.7 million, or 7.6% to $2.7 billion.  The growth in 2016 can be 
attributed to the recent hiring of experienced lenders, our expansion into high-growth markets, and higher loan 
demand associated with a growing and recovering economy.  In 2015, loans outstanding increased $122.8 
million, or 5.1% to $2.5 billion.  The 2015 increase was primarily due to improved loan demand in our market 
areas, as well as the hiring of several experienced bankers during the year.   

The majority of our loan portfolio over the years has been real estate mortgage loans, with loans secured by real 
estate consistently comprising 89% to 91% of our outstanding loan balances.  Except for construction, land 
development and other land loans, the majority of our “real estate” loans are personal and commercial loans 
where cash flow from the borrower’s occupation or business is the primary repayment source, with the real 
estate pledged providing a secondary repayment source. 

Table 10 presents a five-year history of loans outstanding by type.  Residential real estate loans have declined 
from 34% of total loans at December 31, 2012 to 28% of total loans at December 31, 2016, as many customers 
have taken advantage of the historically low level of interest rates and refinanced their home loans with long 
term fixed rate loans, which we typically sell in the secondary market.  Commercial real estate loans as a 
percentage of total loans has increased steadily over the past five years and amounted to 39% of all loans at 
December 31, 2016.  Consistent with our community banking strategy, we have placed emphases on this type of 
loan growth and hired a number of experienced community bankers, who have originated a significant amount 
of business loans secured by real estate.   

Table 11 provides a summary of scheduled loan maturities over certain time periods, with fixed rate loans and 
adjustable rate loans shown separately.  Approximately 14% of our accruing loans outstanding at December 31, 
2016 mature within one year and 54% of total loans mature within five years.  As of December 31, 2016, the 
percentages of variable rate loans and fixed rate loans as compared to total performing loans were 35% and 
65%, respectively.  We intentionally make a blend of fixed and variable rate loans so as to reduce interest rate 
risk.  The mix of fixed rate loans has generally increased over the past several years because many borrowers 
desire to lock in an interest rate during the historically low interest rate environment that has been in effect.  
While this presents risk to our Company if interest rates rise, we measure our interest rate risk closely and, as 
discussed in the section “Interest Rate Risk” below, we do not believe that an increase in interest rates would 
materially negatively impact our net interest income. 

Nonperforming Assets 

Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans, troubled debt restructurings, loans past due 90 or more days 
and still accruing interest, nonperforming loans held for sale, and foreclosed real estate.  As a matter of policy 
we place all loans that are past due 90 or more days on nonaccrual basis, and thus there were no loans at any of 
the past five year ends that were 90 days past due and still accruing interest.   

Nonaccrual loans are loans on which interest income is no longer being recognized or accrued because 
management has determined that the collection of interest is doubtful.  Placing loans on nonaccrual status 
negatively impacts earnings because (i) interest accrued but unpaid as of the date a loan is placed on nonaccrual 
status is reversed and deducted from interest income, (ii) future accruals of interest income are not recognized 
until it becomes probable that both principal and interest will be paid and (iii) principal charged-off, if 
appropriate, may necessitate additional provisions for loan losses that are charged against earnings.  In some 
cases, where borrowers are experiencing financial difficulties, loans may be restructured to provide terms 
significantly different from the originally contracted terms. 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 12 summarizes our nonperforming assets at the dates indicated.  Prior to September 2016, we presented 
nonperforming assets that were subject to the loss share agreements as “covered” and nonperforming assets 
that were not subject to the loss share agreements as “non-covered.”  Our loss share agreements with the FDIC 
were terminated in 2016, and as such, all assets are now presented as a singled “non-covered’ amount.   

Due largely to the economic downturn that began in late 2007 and continued to worsen over succeeding years, 
we experienced significant increases in our non-covered nonperforming assets, with total non-covered 
nonperforming assets rising steadily from $11 million at December 31, 2007 to a peak of $146 million at 
September 30, 2012.  Nonperforming covered assets assumed from two bank failures amounted to an additional 
$114 million at September 30, 2012, which resulted in a total of $260 million in nonperforming assets. 

Since that time, we have benefited from improving economic conditions and also implemented a combination of 
strategies to reduce nonperforming assets including a 2013 loan sale, loan restructurings, discounted payoffs, 
and other collection strategies.  As a result, we have steadily reduced our level of nonperforming assets over the 
years, with nonperforming assets amounting to $59 million at December 31, 2016.  At December 31, 2016, the 
ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets was 1.64% compared to 2.66% and 3.54% at December 31, 2015 
and 2014, respectively.    

Table 12a presents our nonperforming assets at December 31, 2016 by general geographic region.   

The following is the composition, by loan type, of all of our nonaccrual loans at each period end, as classified for 
regulatory purposes: 

($ in thousands) 

Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – construction, land development, and other land loans 
Real estate – mortgage – residential (1-4 family) first mortgages 
Real estate – mortgage – home equity loans/lines of credit 
Real estate – mortgage – commercial and other 
Installment loans to individuals 
   Total nonaccrual loans 

(1) 

Includes both covered and non-covered loans. 

At December 31, 
2016 
$          1,842 
2,945 
16,017 
2,355 
4,208 
101 
    $       27,468 

At December 31, 
2015 (1) 
         2,964 
4,704 
23,829 
3,525 
12,571 
217 
           47,810 

The nonaccrual table above generally indicates that we experienced decreases in all categories of nonaccrual 
loans, with the “real estate – mortgage – commercial and other” category experiencing the largest decline.  The 
decline in nonaccrual loans is due to our on-going focus to resolve our nonperforming loans and improving 
credit quality. 

At December 31, 2016, there were no covered nonaccrual loans due to the termination of the loss share 
agreements.  The following segregates our nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2015 into covered and non-
covered loans, as classified for regulatory purposes: 

($ in thousands) 

Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – construction, land development, and other land loans 
Real estate – mortgage – residential (1-4 family) first mortgages 
Real estate – mortgage – home equity loans/lines of credit 
Real estate – mortgage – commercial and other 
Installment loans to individuals 
   Total nonaccrual loans 

63 

Covered 
Nonaccrual 
Loans 
$             −  
52 
5,007 
383 
2,374 

           ̶ 
$   7,816 

Non-covered 
Nonaccrual  
Loans 
     2,964 
4,652 
18,822 
3,142 
10,197 
217 
   39,994 

Total 
Nonaccrual 
Loans 

2,964 
4,704 
23,829 
3,525 
12,571 
217 
     47,810 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management routinely monitors the status of certain large loans that, in management’s opinion, have credit 
weaknesses that could cause them to become nonperforming loans.  In addition to the nonperforming loan 
amounts discussed above, management believes that an estimated $5 million of loans that were performing in 
accordance with their contractual terms at December 31, 2016 have the potential to develop problems 
depending upon the particular financial situations of the borrowers and economic conditions in general.  
Management has taken these potential problem loans into consideration when evaluating the adequacy of the 
allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2016 (see discussion below). 

Loans classified for regulatory purposes as loss, doubtful, substandard, or special mention that have not been 
disclosed in the problem loan amounts and the potential problem loan amounts discussed above do not 
represent or result from trends or uncertainties that management reasonably expects will materially impact 
future operating results, liquidity, or capital resources, or represent material credits about which management is 
aware of any information that causes management to have serious doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to 
comply with the loan repayment terms.   

We provide additional information regarding the classification status of our loans in tables contained in Note 4 
to our consolidated financial statements.  Those tables indicate that from December 31, 2015 to December 31, 
2016 our asset quality improved, with total classified and nonaccrual loans decreasing from $125.7 million at 
December 31, 2015 to $98.5 million at December 31, 2016.  This is consistent with our generally improving asset 
quality trends. 

Foreclosed real estate includes primarily foreclosed properties.  Total foreclosed real estate amounted to $9.5 
million, $10.0 million, and $12.1 million at December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.  Generally, we 
have experienced decreases in foreclosed real estate over the past several years primarily due to increased 
property sales activity, particularly along the North Carolina coast, which is where a significant portion of our 
foreclosed properties are located, and the improvement in our overall asset quality. 

The following table presents the detail of our foreclosed real estate at each of the past two year ends: 

Vacant land 
1-4 family residential properties 
Commercial real estate 
   Total foreclosed real estate 

(1) 

  Includes both covered and non-covered real estate. 

At December 31, 
2016 

$         3,221 
4,345 
1,966 
$       9,532 

At December 31, 
2015 (1) 
         3,867 
3,789 
2,338 
       9,994 

The following segregates our foreclosed real estate at December 31, 2015 into covered and non-covered: 

Vacant land 
1-4 family residential properties 
Commercial real estate 
   Total foreclosed real estate 

Allowance for Loan Losses and Loan Loss Experience 

Covered 
Foreclosed Real 
Estate 
$        277 
247 
282 
$        806 

Non-covered 
Foreclosed Real 
Estate 

     3,590 
3,542 
2,056 
   9,188 

Total Foreclosed 
Real Estate 
       3,867 
3,789 
2,338 
   9,994 

The allowance for loan losses is created by direct charges to operations (known as a “provision for loan losses” 
for the period in which the charge is taken).  Losses on loans are charged against the allowance in the period in 
which such loans, in management’s opinion, become uncollectible.  The recoveries realized during the period 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
are credited to this allowance.  We consider our procedures for recording the amount of the allowance for loan 
losses and the related provision for loan losses to be a critical accounting policy.  See the heading “Critical 
Accounting Policies” above for further discussion. 

The factors that influence management’s judgment in determining the amount charged to operating expense 
include recent loan loss experience, composition of the loan portfolio, evaluation of probable inherent losses 
and current economic conditions.   

We use a loan analysis and grading program to facilitate our evaluation of probable inherent loan losses and the 
adequacy of our allowance for loan losses.  In this program, credit risk grades are assigned by management and 
tested by an independent third-party consulting firm.  The testing program includes an evaluation of a sample of 
new loans, loans we identify as having potential credit weaknesses, loans past due 90 days or more, loans 
originated by new loan officers, nonaccrual loans and any other loans identified during previous regulatory and 
other examinations. 

We strive to maintain our loan portfolio in accordance with what management believes are conservative loan 
underwriting policies that result in loans specifically tailored to the needs of our market areas.  Every effort is 
made to identify and minimize the credit risks associated with such lending strategies.  We have no foreign 
loans, few agricultural loans and do not engage in significant lease financing or highly leveraged transactions.  
Commercial loans are diversified among a variety of industries.  The majority of loans captioned in the tables 
discussed below as “real estate” loans are personal and commercial loans where real estate provides additional 
security for the loan.  Collateral for virtually all of these loans is located within our principal market area.  

The total allowance for loan losses amounted to $23.8 million at December 31, 2016 compared to $28.6 million 
at December 31, 2015 and $40.6 million at December 31, 2014.  At December 31, 2015 and 2014, $1.8 million 
and $2.3 million, respectively, of the total allowance for loan losses was attributable to covered loans. 

Our allowance for loan loss model utilizes the net charge-offs experienced in the most recent years as a 
significant component of estimating the current allowance for loan losses that is necessary.  Thus, older years 
(and parts thereof) systematically age out and are excluded from the analysis as time goes on.  In 2015, a 
prolonged period of stable and improving loan quality trends following the recession resulted in generally lower 
provisions for loan losses that were needed to adjust our allowance for loan losses to the appropriate amount.  
This had the impact of bringing our overall allowance for loan loss level on covered loans down to a more 
normalized level, amounting to 1.11% at December 31, 2015, following the elevated amounts we maintained 
during and immediately following the recession.  This was the primary reason for the provision for loan losses on 
non-covered loans declining from $7.1 million in 2014 to $2.0 million in 2015.  This same situation continued in 
2016 and was further impacted by net charge-offs that declined significantly.  These factors combined to result 
in a provision for non-covered loan losses that increased only slightly to $2.1 million in 2016.  When combined 
with a negative provision for loan losses for covered loans of $2.1 million for 2016, the total provision for loan 
losses was negative $23,000 for the year and the resulting allowance for loan losses declined from $28.6 million 
at December 31, 2015 to $23.8 million at December 31, 2016. 

The ratio of the total allowance for loan losses to total loans was 0.88%, 1.13%, and 1.70%, as of December 31, 
2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.  The decline in this ratio during 2015 and 2016 was the result of the factors 
noted above and additionally, in 2016 we removed approximately $1.1 million in allowance for loan losses 
associated with loans that were sold in our branch exchange transaction. In 2017, it is likely that we will record a 
higher provision for loan losses than we did in 2015 and 2016, as we expect higher net charge-offs, primarily as a 
result of lower recoveries, and to provide for expected new loan growth. 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 13 sets forth the allocation of the allowance for loan losses at the dates indicated.  The amount of the 
unallocated portion of the allowance for loan losses did not vary materially at any of the past three year ends.  
The allowance for loan losses is available to absorb losses in all categories.   

Management considers the allowance for loan losses adequate to cover probable loan losses on the loans 
outstanding as of each reporting date.  It must be emphasized, however, that the determination of the 
allowance using our procedures and methods rests upon various judgments and assumptions about economic 
conditions and other factors affecting loans.  No assurance can be given that we will not in any particular period 
sustain loan losses that are sizable in relation to the amount reserved or that subsequent evaluations of the loan 
portfolio, in light of conditions and factors then prevailing, will not require significant changes in the allowance 
for loan losses or future charges to earnings. 

In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the 
allowance for loan losses and losses on foreclosed real estate.  Such agencies may require us to recognize 
additions to the allowance based on the examiners’ judgments about information available to them at the time 
of their examinations. 

For the years indicated, Table 14 summarizes our balances of loans outstanding, average loans outstanding, and 
a detailed rollforward of the allowance for loan losses.  

Net loan charge-offs of total loans amounted to $3.7 million in 2016, $11.3 million in 2015, and $18.1 million in 
2014.  Net loan charge-offs of non-covered loans amounted to $5.4 million in 2016, $13.6 million in 2015, and 
$14.7 million in 2014.  The trend of lower net charge-offs is associated with lower levels of nonperforming loans 
that have been impacted with improvements in the economy and real estate prices. 

We recorded ($1.7 million), ($2.3 million), and $3.3 million in net charge-offs (recoveries) of covered loans 
during 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.   

Deposits 

At December 31, 2016, deposits outstanding amounted to $2.947 billion, an increase of $136 million from the 
$2.811 billion at December 31, 2015.  During 2016 we experienced strong growth in our noninterest-bearing and 
interest-bearing checking accounts, and declines in our higher cost retail time deposits.  Total brokered deposits 
amounted to $136.5 million at December 31, 2016, which is a 79% increase from the $76.4 million outstanding a 
year earlier.  The increased usage of brokered deposits was necessary because of loan growth that has exceeded 
this deposit growth.  This imbalance of growth is largely associated with our recent growth and expansion into 
the larger markets of North Carolina – Charlotte, Greensboro and Raleigh.  When initially entering markets such 
as these, our experience has been that we are able to capture loan market share faster than deposit market 
share.  

At December 31, 2015, deposits outstanding amounted to $2.811 billion, an increase of $115 million from the 
$2.696 billion at December 31, 2014.  Similar to 2016, during 2015 we experienced strong growth in our 
noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing checking accounts, and declines in our higher cost time deposits. 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The nature of our deposit growth is illustrated in the table on page 58.  The following table reflects the mix of 
our deposits at each of the past three year ends: 

Noninterest-bearing checking accounts 
Interest-bearing checking accounts 
Money market deposits 
Savings deposits 
Brokered deposits 
Time deposits > $100,000 – retail 
Time deposits < $100,000 – retail 
    Total deposits 

2016 
26% 
21% 
23% 
7% 
5% 
10% 
8% 
100% 

2015 
23% 
22% 
23% 
7% 
3% 
12% 
10% 
100% 

2014 
21% 
22% 
20% 
7% 
3% 
14% 
13% 
100% 

Our deposit mix has shifted over the past few years to a heavier concentration in transaction accounts and less 
concentration in time deposits.  The percentages for retail time deposits have declined because of a 
combination of 1) customers shifting their matured time deposits into checking accounts because of a steadily 
shrinking gap between the interest rates that the two products pay and 2) because of satisfactory levels of 
liquidity, we have chosen not to match certain promotional time deposit interest rates being offered by local 
competitors. 

We routinely engage in activities designed to grow and retain deposits, such as (1) emphasizing relationship 
banking to new and existing customers, where borrowers are encouraged and normally expected to maintain 
deposit accounts with us, (2) pricing deposits at rate levels that will attract and/or retain deposits, and (3) 
continually working to identify and introduce new products that will attract customers or enhance our appeal as 
a primary provider of financial services. 

Table 15 presents the average amounts of our deposits and the average yield paid for those deposits for the 
years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014.   

As of December 31, 2016, we held approximately $422.7 million in time deposits of $100,000 or more.  Table 16 
is a maturity schedule of time deposits of $100,000 or more as of December 31, 2016.  This table shows that 
74% of our time deposits greater than $100,000 mature within one year. 

At each of the past three year ends, we have no deposits issued through foreign offices, nor do we believe that 
we held any deposits by foreign depositors. 

Borrowings 

Our borrowings outstanding totaled $271.4 million at December 31, 2016, $186.4 million at December 31, 2015, 
and $116.4 million at December 31, 2014.  In 2016 and 2015, we obtained new borrowings of $85 million and 
$70 million, respectively, from a low cost funding source to help support our loan growth experienced during 
the years.   

Table 2 shows that average borrowings were $209.7 million in 2016, $149.8 million in 2015, and $99.4 million in 
2014. 

At December 31, 2016, the Company had three sources of readily available borrowing capacity – 1) an 
approximately $707 million line of credit with the FHLB, of which $225 million and $140 million was outstanding 
at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively,  2) a $35 million federal funds line of credit with a correspondent 
bank, of which none was outstanding at December 31, 2016 or 2015, and 3) an approximately $101 million line 
of credit through the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond’s (“FRB”) discount window, of which none was 
outstanding at December 31, 2016 or 2015. 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our line of credit with the FHLB can be structured as either short-term or long-term borrowings, depending on 
the particular funding or liquidity need, and is secured by our FHLB stock and a blanket lien on most of our real 
estate loan portfolio.  For the year ended December 31, 2016, the average amount of FHLB borrowings 
outstanding was approximately $163 million with a weighted average interest rate for the year of 0.75%.  The 
maximum amount of short-term FHLB borrowings outstanding at any month-end during 2016 was $225 million.  
For the year ended December 31, 2015, the average amount of FHLB borrowings outstanding was approximately 
$103 million with a weighted average interest rate for the year of 0.54%.  The maximum amount of short-term 
FHLB borrowings outstanding at any month-end during 2015 was $180 million.   

In addition to any outstanding borrowings from the FHLB that reduce the available borrowing capacity of the 
line of credit, our borrowing capacity was further reduced by $193 million at both December 31, 2016 and 2015, 
as a result of our pledging letters of credit backed by the FHLB for public deposits at each of those dates.  

Our correspondent bank relationship allows us to purchase up to $35 million in federal funds on an overnight, 
unsecured basis (federal funds purchased).  We had no borrowings under this line at December 31, 2016 or 
2015.  There were no federal funds purchased outstanding at any month-end during 2016 or 2015. 

We also have a line of credit with the FRB discount window.  This line is secured by a blanket lien on a portion of 
our commercial and consumer loan portfolio (excluding real estate loans).  Based on the collateral that we 
owned as of December 31, 2016, the available line of credit was approximately $101 million.  At December 31, 
2016 and 2015, we had no borrowings outstanding under this line. 

In addition to the lines of credit described above, we also had a total of $46.4 million in trust preferred security 
debt outstanding at December 31, 2016 and 2015.  We have initiated three trust preferred security issuances 
since 2002 totaling $67.0 million, with one of those issuances for $20.6 million being redeemed in 2007.  These 
borrowings each have 30 year final maturities and were structured in a manner that allows them to qualify as 
capital for regulatory capital adequacy requirements.  We may call these debt securities at par on any quarterly 
interest payment date five years after their issue date.  We issued $20.6 million of this debt on October 29, 2002 
(which we called in 2007), an additional $20.6 million on December 19, 2003, and $25.8 million on April 13, 
2006.  The interest rate on these debt securities adjusts on a quarterly basis at a rate of three-month LIBOR plus 
2.70% for the securities issued in 2003, and three-month LIBOR plus 1.39% for the securities issued in 2006.   

Liquidity, Commitments, and Contingencies 

Our liquidity is determined by our ability to convert assets to cash or to acquire alternative sources of funds to 
meet the needs of our customers who are withdrawing or borrowing funds, and our ability to maintain required 
reserve levels, pay expenses and operate the Company on an ongoing basis.  Our primary liquidity sources are 
net income from operations, cash and due from banks, federal funds sold and other short-term investments.  
Our securities portfolio is comprised almost entirely of readily marketable securities which could also be sold to 
provide cash.   

As noted above, in addition to internally generated liquidity sources, at December 31, 2016, we had the ability 
to obtain borrowings from the following three sources – 1) an approximately $707 million line of credit with the 
FHLB, 2) a $35 million federal funds line with a correspondent bank, and 3) an approximately $101 million line of 
credit through the FRB’s discount window. 

Our overall liquidity remained stable in 2016 compared to 2015.  Our liquid assets (cash and securities) as a 
percentage of our total deposits and borrowings amounted to 19.7% at December 31, 2015 to 19.8% at 
December 31, 2016.   

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We continue to believe our liquidity sources, including unused lines of credit, are at an acceptable level and 
remain adequate to meet our operating needs in the foreseeable future.  We will continue to monitor our 
liquidity position carefully and will explore and implement strategies to increase liquidity if deemed appropriate. 

In the normal course of business we have various outstanding contractual obligations that will require future 
cash outflows.  In addition, there are commitments and contingent liabilities, such as commitments to extend 
credit, that may or may not require future cash outflows.   

Table 18 reflects our contractual obligations and other commercial commitments outstanding as of December 
31, 2016.  Any of our $225 million in outstanding borrowings with the FHLB may be accelerated immediately by 
the FHLB in certain circumstances, including material adverse changes in our condition or if our qualifying 
collateral is less than the amount required under the terms of the borrowing agreement.   

In the normal course of business there are various outstanding commitments and contingent liabilities such as 
commitments to extend credit, which are not reflected in the financial statements.  The following table presents 
a summary of our outstanding loan commitments as of December 31, 2016: 

($ in millions) 

Type of Commitment 
Outstanding closed-end loan commitments 
Unfunded commitments on revolving lines of 

credit, credit cards and home equity loans 

     Total 

Fixed Rate 
$               139 

116 
$             255 

Variable Rate 
             237 

256 
             493 

Total 
             376 

372 
             748 

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, we also had $12.7 million and $13.1 million, respectively, in standby letters of 
credit outstanding.  We had no carrying amount for these standby letters of credit at either of those dates.  The 
nature of the standby letters of credit is that of a guarantee made on behalf of our customers to suppliers of the 
customers to guarantee payments owed to the supplier by the customer.  The standby letters of credit are 
generally for terms of one year, at which time they may be renewed for another year if both parties agree.  The 
payment of the guarantees would generally be triggered by a continued nonpayment of an obligation owed by 
the customer to the supplier.  The maximum potential amount of future payments (undiscounted) we could be 
required to make under the guarantees in the event of nonperformance by the parties to whom credit or 
financial guarantees have been extended is represented by the contractual amount of the financial instruments 
discussed above.  In the event that we are required to honor a standby letter of credit, a note, already executed 
by the customer, becomes effective providing repayment terms and any collateral.  Over the past two years, we 
have had to honor only a few standby letters of credit, none of which resulted in any loss to the Company.  We 
expect any draws under existing commitments to be funded through normal operations. 

It has been our experience that deposit withdrawals are generally able to be replaced with new deposits when 
needed.  Based on that assumption, management believes that it can meet its contractual cash obligations and 
existing commitments from normal operations.  

We are not involved in any legal proceedings that, in management’s opinion, are likely to have a material effect 
on the consolidated financial position of the Company. 

Capital Resources and Shareholders’ Equity 

Shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2016 amounted to $368.1 million compared to $342.2 million at 
December 31, 2015 and $387.7 million at December 31, 2014.  The two basic components that typically have the 
largest impact on our shareholders’ equity are net income, which increases shareholders’ equity, and dividends 

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
declared, which decreases shareholders’ equity.  Additionally, any stock issuances (redemptions) can 
significantly increase (decrease) shareholders’ equity. 

In 2016, the most significant factors that impacted our equity were 1) the $27.5 million net income reported for 
2016, which increased equity, 2) common stock dividends declared of $6.5 million, which reduced equity, and 3) 
issuances of $5.5 million of common stock in connection with two acquisitions, which increased equity.  See the 
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity within the consolidated financial statements for disclosure of 
other less significant items affecting shareholders’ equity. 

Also, on December 22, 2016, we exchanged 728,706 shares of preferred stock for the same number of shares of 
our common stock, which resulted in $7.3 million in shareholders’ equity shifting from preferred stock to 
common stock, but did not affect our total amount of equity.  At December 31, 2016, we have no shares of 
preferred stock outstanding.   

In 2015, the most significant factors that impacted our equity were 1) the $63.5 million redemption of our Series 
B Preferred Stock issued to the U.S. Treasury in 2011 under the Small Business Lending Fund, which reduced 
equity (see Note 19 to our consolidated financial statements), 2) the $27.0 million net income reported for 2015, 
which increased equity, 3) common stock dividends declared of $6.3 million, which reduced equity.  Another 
factor negatively impacting equity in 2015 was a $2.7 million decrease in accumulated other comprehensive 
income that was caused primarily by an increase in our pension liability.  The increase in the pension liability was 
primarily due to underperformance of our pension plan assets during 2015 (see Note 12 to the consolidated 
financial statements).   

In 2014, the most significant factors that impacted our equity were 1) the $25.0 million net income reported for 
2014, which increased equity, 2) common stock dividends declared of $6.3 million, which reduced equity, 3) 
preferred stock dividends declared of $0.9 million, which reduced equity.  Another factor negatively impacting 
equity in 2014 was a $3.3 million decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income that was caused by an 
increase in our pension liability.  The increase in the pension liability was primarily due to the impact of lower 
interest rates on the actuarial calculations involved in determining the liability.  Our policy is to use the Citigroup 
Pension Index yield curve in the computation of the pension liability.  At December 31, 2014, that index had a 
weighted average rate of 3.82%, which was a decline from the rate of 4.78% at December 31, 2013.   

At December 31, 2014, we had $63.5 million in Series B Preferred Stock that was issued in 2011 to the U.S. 
Treasury.  This stock qualified as Tier I capital under all current and proposed regulatory rules.  For 2014 and part 
of 2015, we paid preferred dividends on that stock at an annual rate of 1%.  In June 2015, we redeemed $32.5 
million in the Series B Preferred Stock and in October 2015, we redeemed the remaining $31 million outstanding 
(see additional discussion in Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements). 

In addition to shareholders’ equity, we have supplemented our capital in past years with trust preferred security 
debt issuances, which because of their structure qualify as regulatory capital.  This was necessary in past years 
because our balance sheet growth outpaced the growth rate of our capital.  Additionally, we have frequently 
purchased bank branches over the years that resulted in our recording intangible assets, which negatively 
impacted regulatory capital ratios.  As discussed in “Borrowings” above, we currently have $46.4 million in trust 
preferred securities outstanding, all of which qualify as Tier I capital under both current and forthcoming 
regulatory standards. 

We are not aware of any recommendations of regulatory authorities or otherwise which, if they were to be 
implemented, would have a material effect on our liquidity, capital resources, or operations. 

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company and the Bank must comply with regulatory capital requirements established by the Federal 
Reserve.  Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional 
discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s 
financial statements.  

In 2013, the Federal Reserve approved final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision 
capital guidelines, referred to a “Basel III.”  The final rules established a new “Common Equity Tier I” ratio; new 
higher capital ratio requirements, including a capital conservation buffer; narrowed the definitions of capital; 
imposed new operating restrictions on banking organizations with insufficient capital buffers; and increased the 
risk weighting of certain assets.  The final rules became effective January 1, 2015 for the Company.   

Common Equity Tier I capital (“CET1”) is comprised of common stock and related surplus, plus retained earnings, 
and is reduced by goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities.  Tier I capital is 
comprised of CET1 capital plus Additional Tier I capital, which for the Company includes non-cumulative 
perpetual preferred stock and trust preferred securities.  Total capital is comprised of Tier I capital plus certain 
adjustments, the largest of which for the Company and the Bank is the allowance for loan losses.  Risk-weighted 
assets refer to the on- and off-balance sheet exposures of the Company and the Bank, adjusted for their related 
risk levels using formulas set forth in Federal Reserve regulations.   

Under the Basel III Capital Rules, the following are the initial minimum capital ratios applicable to the Company 
and the Bank as of January 1, 2015: 

•  4.5% CET1 to risk-weighted assets;  
•  6.0% Tier I capital (that is, CET1 plus Additional Tier I capital) to risk-weighted assets;  
•  8.0% total capital (that is, Tier I capital plus Tier II capital) to risk-weighted assets; and  
•  4.0% Tier I leverage ratio (that is Tier I capital) to quarterly average total assets. 

The Basel III Capital Rules also introduce a new “capital conservation buffer,” composed entirely of CET1, on top 
of these minimum risk-weighted asset ratios.  The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during 
periods of economic stress.  Banking institutions with a ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum 
but below the capital conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and 
compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.  The implementation of the capital conservation buffer 
began on January 1, 2016 at 0.625% and will be phased in over a four-year period (increasing by that amount on 
each subsequent January 1, until it reaches 2.5% on January 1, 2019).  Thus, when fully phased-in on January 1, 
2019, the Company and the Bank will be required to maintain this additional capital conservation buffer of 2.5% 
of CET1, resulting in the following minimum capital ratios: 

•  4.5% CET1 to risk-weighted assets, plus the capital conservation buffer, effectively resulting in a 

minimum ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7%;  

•  6.0% Tier I capital to risk-weighted assets, plus the capital conservation buffer, effectively resulting in 

a minimum Tier I capital ratio of at least 8.5%;  

•  8.0% total capital to risk-weighted assets, plus the capital conservation buffer, effectively resulting in 

a minimum total capital ratio of at least 10.5%; and  

•  4.0% Tier I leverage ratio 

In addition to the minimum capital requirements described above, the regulatory framework for prompt 
corrective action also contains specific capital guidelines for a bank’s classification as “well capitalized.” The 
current specific guidelines are as follows –  

•  CET1 Capital Ratio of at least 6.50%; 

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•  Tier I Capital Ratio of at least 8.00%; 
•  Total Capital Ratio of at least 10.00%; and a  
• 

Leverage Ratio of at least 5.00% 

If a bank falls below “well capitalized” status in any of these three ratios, it must ask for FDIC permission to 
originate or renew brokered deposits.  The Bank’s regulatory ratios exceeded the threshold for “well-
capitalized” status at December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 – see Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements 
for a table that presents the Bank’s regulatory ratios. 

Table 21 presents our regulatory capital ratios as of December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014.  All of our capital ratios 
have significantly exceeded the minimum regulatory thresholds for all periods covered by this report.  

In this economic environment, our goal is to maintain our capital ratios at levels at least 200 basis points higher 
than the “well capitalized” thresholds set for banks.  At December 31, 2016, our total risk-based capital ratio was 
13.36% compared to the 10.00% “well capitalized” threshold.  

In addition to regulatory capital ratios, we also closely monitor our ratio of tangible common equity to tangible 
assets (“TCE Ratio”).  Our TCE Ratio was 8.16% at December 31, 2016 compared to 8.13% at December 31, 2015. 

See “Supervision and Regulation” under “Business” above and Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements 
for discussion of other matters that may affect our capital resources.  

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Derivative Financial Instruments 

Off-balance sheet arrangements include transactions, agreements, or other contractual arrangements pursuant 
to which we have obligations or provide guarantees on behalf of an unconsolidated entity.  We have no off-
balance sheet arrangements of this kind other than letters of credit and repayment guarantees associated with 
our trust preferred securities. 

Derivative financial instruments include futures, forwards, interest rate swaps, options contracts, and other 
financial instruments with similar characteristics.  We have not engaged in significant derivatives activities 
through December 31, 2016 and have no current plans to do so. 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on Assets and Equity 

Table 20 shows return on average assets (net income available to common shareholders divided by average 
total assets), return on average common equity (net income available to common shareholders divided by 
average common shareholders’ equity), dividend payout ratio (dividends per share divided by net income per 
common share) and shareholders’ equity to assets ratio (average total shareholders’ equity divided by average 
total assets) for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2016.   

Interest Rate Risk (Including Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk – Item 7A.) 

Net interest income is our most significant component of earnings.  Notwithstanding changes in volumes of 
loans and deposits, our level of net interest income is continually at risk due to the effect that changes in general 
market interest rate trends have on interest yields earned and paid with respect to our various categories of 
earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.  It is our policy to maintain portfolios of earning assets and 
interest-bearing liabilities with maturities and repricing opportunities that will afford protection, to the extent 
practical, against wide interest rate fluctuations.  Our exposure to interest rate risk is analyzed on a regular basis 
by management using standard GAP reports, maturity reports, and an asset/liability software model that 
simulates future levels of interest income and expense based on current interest rates, expected future interest 
rates, and various intervals of “shock” interest rates.  Over the years, we have been able to maintain a fairly 
consistent yield on average earning assets (net interest margin).  Over the past five calendar years, our net 
interest margin has ranged from a low of 4.03% (realized in 2016) to a high of 4.92% (realized in 2013).  Up until 
the end of 2015, the prime rate of interest had remained at 3.25% since 2008.  In response to Federal Reserve 
actions, the prime rate increased to 3.50% on December 17, 2015 and to 3.75% on December 15, 2016.  The 
consistency of the net interest margin is aided by the relatively low level of long-term interest rate exposure that 
we maintain.  At December 31, 2016, approximately 75% of our interest-earning assets are subject to repricing 
within five years (because they are either adjustable rate assets or they are fixed rate assets that mature) and 
substantially all of our interest-bearing liabilities reprice within five years. 

Table 17 sets forth our interest rate sensitivity analysis as of December 31, 2016, using stated maturities for all 
fixed rate instruments except mortgage-backed securities (which are allocated in the periods of their expected 
payback) and securities and borrowings with call features that are expected to be called (which are shown in the 
period of their expected call).  As illustrated by this table, at December 31, 2016, we had $945 million more in 
interest-bearing liabilities that are subject to interest rate changes within one year than earning assets.  This 
generally would indicate that net interest income would experience downward pressure in a rising interest rate 
environment and would benefit from a declining interest rate environment.  However, this method of analyzing 
interest sensitivity only measures the magnitude of the timing differences and does not address earnings, 
market value, or management actions.  Also, interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities may fluctuate 
in advance of changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types may lag behind changes in 
market rates.  In addition to the effects of “when” various rate-sensitive products reprice, market rate changes 
may not result in uniform changes in rates among all products.  For example, included in interest-bearing 
liabilities subject to interest rate changes within one year at December 31, 2016 are deposits totaling $1.53 
billion comprised of checking, savings, and certain types of money market deposits with interest rates set by 
management.  These types of deposits historically have not repriced with, or in the same proportion, as general 
market indicators.   

Overall, we believe that in the near term (twelve months), net interest income will not likely experience 
significant downward pressure from rising interest rates.  Similarly, we would not expect a significant increase in 
near term net interest income from falling interest rates.  Generally, when rates change, our interest-sensitive 
assets that are subject to adjustment reprice immediately at the full amount of the change, while our interest-
sensitive liabilities that are subject to adjustment reprice at a lag to the rate change and typically not to the full 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
extent of the rate change.  In the short-term (less than six months), this results in us being asset-sensitive, 
meaning that our net interest income benefits from an increase in interest rates and is negatively impacted by a 
decrease in interest rates. However, in the twelve-month horizon, the impact of having a higher level of interest-
sensitive liabilities lessens the short-term effects of changes in interest rates.  

The general discussion in the foregoing paragraph applies most directly in a “normal” interest rate environment 
in which longer-term maturity instruments carry higher interest rates than short-term maturity instruments, and 
is less applicable in periods in which there is a “flat” interest rate curve.  A “flat yield curve” means that short-
term interest rates are substantially the same as long-term interest rates.  As a result of the prolonged 
negative/fragile economic environment, the Federal Reserve took steps to suppress long-term interest rates in 
an effort to boost the housing market, increase employment, and stimulate the economy, which resulted in a 
flat interest rate curve. A flat interest rate curve is an unfavorable interest rate environment for many banks, 
including the Company, as short-term interest rates generally drive our deposit pricing and longer-term interest 
rates generally drive loan pricing.  When these rates converge, the profit spread we realize between loan yields 
and deposit rates narrows, which pressures our net interest margin. 

While there have been periods in the last few years that the yield curve has steepened somewhat, it currently 
remains relatively flat.  This flat yield curve and the intense competition for high-quality loans in our market 
areas have limited our ability to charge higher rates on loans, and thus we continue to experience downward 
pressure on our loan yields and net interest margin.   

As it relates to deposits, the Federal Reserve made no changes to the short term interest rates it sets directly 
from 2008 until mid-December 2015, and since that time we have been able to reprice many of our maturing 
time deposits at lower interest rates.  We were also able to generally decrease the rates we paid on other 
categories of deposits as a result of declining short-term interest rates in the marketplace and an increase in 
liquidity that lessened our need to offer premium interest rates.  However, as short-term rates approached zero 
and with the Federal Reserve increasing short-term interest rates by 25 bps in December 2015 and by another 
25 bps in December 2016, it is likely that our funding costs will not decline any further in the foreseeable future. 

As previously discussed in the section “Net Interest Income,” our net interest income has been impacted by 
certain purchase accounting adjustments related primarily to our failed banks acquired through FDIC-assisted 
transactions.  The purchase accounting adjustments related to the premium amortization on loans, deposits and 
borrowings are based on amortization schedules and are thus systematic and predictable.  The accretion of the 
loan discount on acquired loans, which amounted to $4.5 million, $4.8 million, and $16.0 million in 2016, 2015, 
and 2014, respectively, is less predictable and could be materially different among periods.  This is because of 
the magnitude of the discounts that were initially recorded ($280 million in total) and the fact that the accretion 
being recorded is dependent on both the credit quality of the acquired loans and the impact of any accelerated 
loan repayments, including payoffs. If the credit quality of the loans declines, some, or all, of the remaining 
discount will cease to be accreted into income.  If the underlying loans experience accelerated paydowns or 
improved performance expectations, the remaining discount will be accreted into income on an accelerated 
basis.  In the event of total payoff, the remaining discount will be entirely accreted into income in the period of 
the payoff.  Each of these factors is difficult to predict and susceptible to volatility.  However, with the remaining 
loan discount on acquired accruing loans having naturally declined since inception, amounting to only $11.3 
million at December 31, 2016, we expect that loan discount accretion will continue to decline.  If that occurs, our 
net interest margin will be negatively impacted. 

Based on our most recent interest rate modeling, which assumes either one or two interest rate increases for 
2017 (federal funds rate = 0.75%, prime = 3.75%), we project that our net interest margin for 2017 will likely 
experience additional compression.  We expect loan yields to be stable to down, while we expect that we will 
experience pressure to increase our deposit rates. 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
We have no market risk sensitive instruments held for trading purposes, nor do we maintain any foreign 
currency positions.  Table 19 presents the expected maturities of our other than trading market risk sensitive 
financial instruments.  Table 19 also presents the estimated fair values of market risk sensitive instruments as 
estimated in accordance with relevant accounting guidance.  Our assets and liabilities have estimated fair values 
that do not materially differ from their carrying amounts.   

See additional discussion regarding net interest income, as well as discussion of the changes in the annual net 
interest margin, in the section entitled “Net Interest Income” above. 

Inflation 

Because the assets and liabilities of a bank are primarily monetary in nature (payable in fixed determinable 
amounts), the performance of a bank is affected more by changes in interest rates than by inflation.  Interest 
rates generally increase as the rate of inflation increases, but the magnitude of the change in rates may not be 
the same. The effect of inflation on banks is normally not as significant as its influence on those businesses that 
have large investments in plant and inventories.  During periods of high inflation, there are normally 
corresponding increases in the money supply, and banks will normally experience above average growth in 
assets, loans and deposits.  Also, general increases in the price of goods and services will result in increased 
operating expenses. 

Current Accounting Matters 

We prepare our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with standards 
established by, among others, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”).  Because the information 
needed by users of financial reports is dynamic, the FASB frequently issues new rules and proposes new rules for 
companies to apply in reporting their activities.  See Note 1(v) to our consolidated financial statements for a 
discussion of recent rule proposals and changes.   

Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. 

The information responsive to this Item is found in Item 7 under the caption “Interest Rate Risk.”

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 1    Selected Consolidated Financial Data 

($ in thousands, except per share and nonfinancial data) 

Income Statement Data  
Interest income 
Interest expense 
Net interest income 
Provision (reversal) for loan losses 
Net interest income after provision 
Noninterest income 
Noninterest expense 
Income (loss) before income taxes 
Income taxes (benefit) 
Net income (loss) 
Preferred stock dividends 
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders 

Earnings (loss) per common share – basic 
Earnings (loss) per common share – diluted 

Per Share Data (Common) 
Cash dividends declared – common 
Market Price 
High 
Low 
Close 

Stated book value – common 
Tangible book value – common  

Selected Balance Sheet Data (at year end) 
Total assets 
Loans – non-covered 
Loans – covered (1) 
Total loans 
Allowance for loan losses 
Intangible assets 
Deposits 
Borrowings 
Total shareholders’ equity 

Selected Average Balances 
Assets 
Loans 
Earning assets 
Deposits 
Interest-bearing liabilities 
Shareholders’ equity 

Ratios 
Return on average assets 
Return on average common equity 
Net interest margin (taxable-equivalent basis) 
Tangible common equity to tangible assets 
Loans to deposits at year end 
Allowance for loan losses to total loans 
Allowance for loan losses to total loans – non-covered (1) 
Nonperforming assets to total assets at year end 
Nonperforming assets to total assets – non-covered (1) 
Net charge-offs to average total loans 

Nonfinancial Data – number of branches 
Nonfinancial Data – number of employees (FTEs) 

2016 

$    130,987 
7,607 
123,380 
(23) 
123,403 
25,551 
106,821 
42,133 
14,624 
27,509 
(175) 
27,334 

Year Ended December 31, 
2014 

2015 

2013 

    126,655 
6,908 
119,747 
(780) 
120,527 
18,764 
98,131 
41,160 
14,126 
27,034 
(603) 
26,431 

    139,832 
8,223 
131,609 
10,195 
121,414 
14,368 
97,251 
38,531 
13,535 
24,996 
(868) 
24,128 

    147,511 
10,985 
136,526 
30,616 
105,910 
23,489 
96,619 
32,780 
12,081 
20,699 
(895) 
19,804 

2012 

    152,520 
17,320 
135,200 
79,672 
55,528 
1,389 
97,275 
(40,358) 
(16,952) 
(23,406) 
(2,809) 
(26,215) 

1.37 
1.33 

1.34 
1.30 

1.22 
1.19 

1.01 
0.98 

(1.54) 
(1.54) 

$           0.32 

           0.32 

           0.32 

           0.32 

           0.32 

28.49 
17.15 
27.14 
17.66 
13.85 

19.92 
15.00 
18.74 
16.96 
13.56 

19.65 
15.55 
18.47 
16.08 
12.63 

17.39 
11.98 
16.62 
15.30 
11.81 

13.40 
7.68 
12.82 
14.51 
11.00 

$  3,614,862 
2,710,712 
− 
2,710,712 
23,781 
79,475 
2,947,353 
271,394 
368,101 

$  3,422,267 
2,603,327 
3,108,918 
2,827,513 
2,324,823 
360,715 

  3,362,065 
2,416,285 
102,641 
2,518,926 
28,583 
67,171 
2,811,285 
186,394 
342,190 

  3,218,383 
2,268,580 
127,594 
2,396,174 
40,626 
67,893 
2,695,906 
116,394 
387,699 

  3,185,070 
2,252,885 
210,309 
2,463,194 
48,505 
68,669 
2,751,019 
46,394 
371,922 

  3,230,302 
2,434,602 
2,936,624 
2,687,381 
2,218,246 
376,287 

  3,219,915 
2,434,331 
2,907,098 
2,723,758 
2,294,330 
383,055 

  3,208,458 
2,419,679 
2,805,112 
2,779,032 
2,380,747 
362,770 

0.80% 
7.73% 
4.03% 
8.16% 
91.97% 
0.88% 
0.88% 
1.64% 
1.64% 
0.14% 

88 
834 

0.82% 
8.04% 
4.13% 
8.13% 
89.60% 
1.13% 
1.11% 
2.66% 
2.37% 
0.46% 

88 
812 

0.75% 
7.73% 
4.58% 
7.90% 
88.88% 
1.70% 
1.69% 
3.54% 
3.09% 
0.74% 

87 
798 

0.62% 
6.78% 
4.92% 
7.46% 
89.54% 
1.97% 
1.96% 
4.79% 
2.78% 
1.18% 

96 
855 

 3,244,910 
2,094,143 
282,314 
2,376,457 
46,402 
68,943 
2,821,360 
46,394 
356,117 

 3,311,289 
2,436,997 
2,857,541 
2,809,357 
2,553,175 
345,981 

(0.79%) 
(9.29%) 
4.78% 
6.81% 
84.23% 
1.95% 
1.99% 
6.24% 
3.64% 
3.06% 

97 
831 

(1)  Effective September 22, 2016, all FDIC loss share agreements were terminated, and accordingly, assets previously covered 

under those agreements became non-covered on that date. 

76 

 
   
 
 
          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 2    Average Balances and Net Interest Income Analysis 

2016 

Avg. 
Rate 

Interest 
Earned 
or Paid 

Average 
Volume 

Year Ended December 31,  
2015 

Average 
Volume 

Avg. 
Rate 

Interest 
Earned 
or Paid 

Average 
Volume 

2014 

Avg. 
Rate 

Interest 
Earned 
or Paid 

$ 2,603,327 
298,083 
49,986 

4.66% 
2.36% 
7.61% 

$ 121,322  $ 2,434,602 
296,181 
52,449 

7,034 
3,802 

4.84% 
2.13% 
6.60% 

$ 117,872  $ 2,434,331 
167,844 
53,888 

6,296 
3,463 

5.49% 
2.06% 
6.28% 

$ 133,641 
3,461 
3,383 

157,522 

0.56% 

883 

153,392 

0.43% 

658 

251,035 

0.34% 

849 

3,108,918 
59,835 

76,418 
177,096 
$ 3,422,267 

4.28% 

133,041 

2,936,624 
61,212 

4.37% 

128,289 

2,907,098 
81,290 

4.86% 

141,334 

75,452 
157,014 
  $ 3,230,302 

76,463 
155,064 
  $ 3,219,915 

$   583,786     0.06% 
0.18% 
0.05% 
0.65% 
0.33% 

657,211 
200,093 
405,220 
268,854 

$         360 
1,160 
100 
2,654 
896 

$   568,329    
582,407 
184,821 
410,692 
322,205 

0.06% 
0.13% 
0.05% 
0.70% 
0.39% 

$         335 
765 
92 
2,856 
1,271 

$   535,738     0.06% 
0.11% 
0.05% 
0.81% 
0.43% 

552,940 
176,362 
542,303 
387,607 

$         322 
630 
88 
4,373 
1,659 

2,115,164 
209,659 

0.24% 
1.16% 

5,170 
2,437 

2,068,454 
149,792 

0.26% 
1.06% 

5,319 
1,589 

2,194,950 
99,380 

0.32% 
1.16% 

7,072 
1,151 

2,324,823 

0.33% 

7,607 

2,218,246 

0.31% 

6,908 

2,294,330 

0.36% 

8,223 

712,349 
24,380 
360,715 

618,927 
16,842 
376,287 

528,808 
13,722 
383,055 

$ 3,422,267 

$ 3,230,302 

$ 3,219,915 

4.03% 

$ 125,434 

4.13% 

$ 121,381 

3.95% 

3.51% 

4.06% 

3.26% 

$ 133,111 

4.58% 

4.50% 

3.25% 

($ in thousands) 
Assets 
Loans (1) (2) 
Taxable securities 
Non-taxable securities (3) 
Short-term investments, 
  primarily overnight funds 
Total interest- 
    earning assets 
Cash and due from banks 
Bank premises and  
    equipment, net 
Other assets 
Total assets 

Liabilities and Equity 
Interest-bearing checking 

accounts 

Money market accounts 
Savings accounts 
Time deposits >$100,000 
Other time deposits 
     Total interest-bearing 

deposits 

Borrowings 
Total interest-  
    bearing liabilities 
Noninterest-bearing 
checking accounts 

Other liabilities 
Shareholders’ equity 
Total liabilities and 
    shareholders’ equity 

Net yield on interest- 
    earning assets and              

net interest income 

Interest rate spread 

Average prime rate 

(1)  Average loans include nonaccruing loans, the effect of which is to lower the average rate shown.  Interest earned includes recognized net loan 

(2) 
(3) 

fees (costs) in the amounts of ($457,000), ($39,000), and $143,700 for 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. 
Includes accretion of discount on covered loans of $4,451,000, $4,751,000, and $16,009,000 in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. 
Includes tax-equivalent adjustments of $2,054,000, $1,634,000, and $1,502,000 in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively, to reflect the federal and state 
tax benefit of the tax-exempt securities (using a 37.6% combined tax rate), reduced by the related nondeductible portion of interest expense. 

77 

                                                                                                                          
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3  Volume and Rate Variance Analysis 

($ in thousands) 

Interest income (tax-equivalent): 
     Loans 
     Taxable securities 
     Non-taxable securities 
     Short-term investments, primarily  
          overnight funds 
               Total interest income 

Interest expense: 
     Interest-bearing checking accounts 
     Money market accounts 
     Savings accounts 
     Time deposits >$100,000 
     Other time deposits 
          Total interest-bearing deposits 
     Borrowings 
              Total interest expense 

Year Ended December 31, 2016 

Year Ended December 31, 2015 

Change Attributable to 

Change Attributable to 

Changes  
in Volumes 

Changes 
in Rates 

Total 
Increase 
(Decrease) 

Changes  
in Volumes 

Changes 
in Rates 

Total 
Increase 
(Decrease) 

$       8,016 
43 
(175) 

20 
7,904 

9 
115 
8 
(37) 
(194) 
(99) 
665 
566 

(4,566) 
695 
514 

205 
(3,152) 

16 
280 
− 
(165) 
(181) 
(50) 
183 
133 

3,450  
738 
339 

225 
4,752 

25 
395 
8 
(202) 
(375) 
(149) 
848 
699 

          14 
2,687 
(93) 

(15,783) 
148 
173 

(15,769)  
2,835 
80 

(375) 
2,233 

184 
(15,278) 

(191) 
(13,045) 

19 
36 
4 
(988) 
(269) 
(1,198) 
559 
(639) 

(6) 
99 
− 
(529) 
(119) 
(555) 
(121) 
(676) 

13 
135 
4 
(1,517) 
(388) 
(1,753) 
438 
(1,315) 

             Net interest income (tax-equivalent) 

$      7,338 

(3,285) 

4,053 

      2,872 

(14,602) 

(11,730) 

Changes attributable to both volume and rate are allocated equally between rate and volume variances. 

Table 4  Noninterest Income 

($ in thousands) 

Service charges on deposit accounts 
Other service charges, commissions, and fees 
Fees from presold mortgages 
Commissions from sales of insurance and financial products 
SBA consulting fees 
SBA loan sale gains 
Bank owned life insurance income 
     Total core noninterest income 
Foreclosed property (gains) losses, net – non-covered 
Foreclosed property (gains) losses, net – covered  
FDIC Indemnification asset income (expense), net 
Securities gains (losses), net 
Gain on branch exchange transaction 
Other gains (losses), net 
          Total 

2016 

$         10,571 
11,913 
2,033 
3,790 
3,199 
1,433 
2,052 
34,991 
(1,495) 
870 
(10,255) 
3 
1,466 
  (29) 
$         25,551 

Year Ended December 31, 
2015 

         11,648 
10,906 
2,532 
2,580 
− 
− 
1,665 
29,331 
(2,504) 
1,018 
(8,615) 
(1) 
− 
  (465) 
         18,764 

2014 

         13,706 
10,019 
2,726 
2,733 
− 
− 
1,311 
30,495 
(1,924) 
(1,919) 
(12,842) 
786 
− 
  (228) 
         14,368 

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
       
 
 
Table 5  Noninterest Expenses 

($ in thousands) 

Salaries 
Employee benefits 
     Total personnel expense 
Occupancy expense 
Equipment related expenses 
Merger and acquisition expenses 
Amortization of intangible assets 
Telephone and data lines 
Outside consultants 
Stationery and supplies 
Data processing expense 
FDIC insurance expense 
Marketing expense 
Repossession and collection expenses – non-covered 
Repossession and collection expenses – covered, net 

of FDIC reimbursements 
Dues and subscription expense 
Legal and audit 
Non-credit losses 
Branch consolidation expense 
Other operating expenses 
          Total 

Table 6  Income Taxes 
($ in thousands) 

Current     - Federal 
                   - State 
Deferred   - Federal 
                   - State 
     Total tax expense 

Effective tax rate 

2016 

$             51,252 
10,812 
62,064 
7,838 
3,608 
1,431 
1,211 
2,311 
1,700 
2,066 
2,010 
2,009 
1,999 
1,842 

92 
1,604 
1,408 
1,164 
− 
12,464 
$            106,821 

Year Ended December 31, 
2015 

             47,660 
9,134 
56,794 
7,358 
3,749 
− 
722 
2,133 
1,677 
2,039 
1,935 
2,394 
1,674 
2,167 

(54) 
1,710 
1,689 
360 
− 
11,784 
             98,131 

2014 

             46,071 
9,086 
55,157 
7,362 
3,931 
− 
777 
1,988 
1,663 
1,710 
1,654 
3,988 
1,487 
2,092 

(861) 
1,717 
1,955 
309 
976 
11,346 
             97,251 

2016 

$            12,827 
1,679 
16 
102 
$           14,624 

2015 

             9,149 
1,436 
3,205 
336 
           14,126 

2014 

             1,316 
903 
10,104 
1,212 
           13,535 

34.7% 

34.3% 

35.1% 

79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 7  Distribution of Assets and Liabilities 

2016 

As of December 31, 
2015 

2014 

Assets 
     Interest-earning assets 
        Net loans 
        Securities available for sale 
        Securities held to maturity 
        Short term investments 
           Total interest-earning assets 

     Noninterest-earning assets 
        Cash and due from banks 
        Premises and equipment 
        FDIC indemnification asset 
        Intangible assets 
        Foreclosed real estate 
        Bank-owned life insurance 
        Other assets 
           Total assets 

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity 
     Noninterest-bearing checking accounts 
     Interest-bearing checking accounts 
     Money market accounts 
     Savings accounts 
     Time deposits of $100,000 or more 
     Other time deposits 
        Total deposits 
     Borrowings 
     Accrued expenses and other liabilities 
        Total liabilities 

Shareholders’ equity 
        Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 

74% 
6 
4 
6 
90 

2 
2 
− 
2 
− 
2 
2 
100% 

21% 
17 
19 
6 
12 
7 
82 
7 
1 
90 

10 
100% 

74% 
5 
5 
7 
91 

2 
2 
− 
2 
− 
2 
1 
100% 

20% 
19 
19 
5 
12 
9 
84 
5 
1 
90 

10 
100% 

73% 
5 
6 
5 
89 

3 
2 
1 
2 
− 
2 
1 
100% 

17% 
18 
17 
6 
15 
11 
84 
4 
̶  
88 

12 
100% 

Table 8  Securities Portfolio Composition 

($ in thousands) 
Securities available for sale: 
     Government-sponsored enterprise securities 
     Mortgage-backed securities 
     Corporate bonds 
     Equity securities 
             Total securities available for sale 

Securities held to maturity: 
     Mortgage-backed securities 
     State and local governments 
             Total securities held to maturity 

2016 

$             17,490 
148,065 
33,600 
174 
199,329 

80,585 
49,128 
129,713 

As of December 31,  
2015 

             18,972 
121,553 
24,946 
143 
165,614 

102,509 
52,101 
154,610 

2014 

             27,521 
129,510 
865 
122 
158,018 

124,924 
53,763 
178,687 

                       Total securities 

$           329,042 

           320,224 

           336,705 

                       Average total securities during year 

$           348,069 

           348,630 

           221,732 

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 9  Securities Portfolio Maturity Schedule 

($ in thousands) 

Securities available for sale: 

   Government-sponsored enterprise securities 
        Due after one but within five years 
              Total 

   Mortgage-backed securities (2) 
        Due within one year 
        Due after one but within five years 
        Due after five but within ten years 
        Due after ten years 
              Total 

   Corporate debt securities 
        Due after five but within ten years 
        Due after ten years 
              Total 

    Equity securities 

Total securities available for sale 
        Due within one year 
        Due after one but within five years 
        Due after five but within ten years 
        Due after ten years 
        Equity securities 
              Total 

Securities held to maturity: 

   Mortgage-backed securities (2) 
        Due after one but within five years 
              Total 

   State and local governments 
        Due within one year 
        Due after one but within five years 
        Due after five but within ten years 
        Due after ten years 
              Total securities held to maturity 

Total securities held to maturity 
        Due within one year 
        Due after one but within five years 
        Due after five but within ten years 
        Due after ten years 
              Total 

As of December 31, 
2016 

Book  
Value 

Fair  
Value 

Book 
Yield (1) 

     $      17,497 
17,497 

148 
120,355 
24,302 
6,196 
151,001 

28,833 
5,000 
33,833 

83 

148 
137,852 
53,135 
11,196 
83 

$      202,414         

$        80,585 
80,585 

2,016 
            16,256 
29,690 
1,166 
         49,128 

2,016 
96,841 
29,690 
1,166 

$      129,713         

17,490 
17,490 

149 
117,950 
23,853 
6,113 
148,065 

28,682 
4,918 
33,600 

174 

149 
135,440 
52,535 
11,031 
174 
199,329 

79,283 
79,283 

2,028 
16,767 
30,981 
1,136 
50,912 

2,028 
96,050 
30,981 
1,136 
130,195 

1.94% 
1.94% 

2.72% 
1.88% 
2.04% 
3.29% 
1.96% 

3.45% 
5.44% 
3.74% 

1.15% 

2.72% 
1.89% 
2.81% 
4.25% 
1.15% 
2.26% 

1.82% 
1.82% 

5.92% 
5.53% 
5.66% 
4.05% 
5.59% 

5.92% 
2.44% 
5.66% 
4.05% 
3.25% 

(1)  Yields on tax-exempt investments have been adjusted to a taxable equivalent basis using a 37.6% tax rate. 
(2)  Mortgage-backed securities are shown maturing in the periods consistent with their estimated lives based on expected prepayment 

speeds. 

81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 10  Loan Portfolio Composition 

As of December 31,  

2016 

2015 

2014 

2013 

2012 

% of  
Total 
Loans 

Amount 

% of  
Total 
Loans 

Amount 

% of  
Total 
Loans 

Amount 

Amount 

% of  
Total 
Loans 

Amount 

% of  
Total 
Loans 

$  261,813 

9% 

$  202,671 

8% 

$  160,878 

7% 

$  168,469 

7% 

$  160,790 

7% 

354,667 

13% 

308,969 

12% 

288,148 

12% 

305,246 

12% 

298,458 

13% 

750,679 

28% 

768,559 

31% 

789,871 

33% 

838,862 

34% 

815,281 

34% 

239,105 

9% 

232,601 

9% 

223,500 

9% 

227,907 

9% 

238,925 

10% 

1,049,460 

39% 

957,587 

38% 

882,127 

37% 

855,249 

35% 

789,746 

33% 

55,037 

2,710,761 

2% 
100% 

47,666 

2,518,053 

2% 
100% 

50,704 

2,395,228 

2% 
100% 

66,533 

2,462,266 

3% 
100% 

71,933 

2,375,133 

3% 
100% 

 (49) 
$2,710,712 

 873 
  $2,518,926 

946 
  $2,396,174 

928 
  $2,463,194 

1,324 
  $2,376,457 

($ in thousands) 

Commercial, financial, 
and agricultural 

Real estate – 

construction, land 
development & other 
land loans  

Real estate – mortgage – 

residential (1-4 
family) first 
mortgages  

Real estate – mortgage – 
home equity loans / 
lines of credit 

Real estate – mortgage – 
commercial and other 

Installment loans to 

individuals 
   Loans, gross 

Unamortized net 

deferred loan costs 
(fees) 

Total loans (1) 

(1)  Excludes loans held for sale at December 31, 2012 

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Table 11  Loan Maturities 

($ in thousands) 
Variable Rate Loans: 
   Commercial, financial, and 
       agricultural 
   Real estate – construction only 
   Real estate – all other mortgage 
   Real estate – home equity 
loans/ line of credit 

   Consumer, primarily installment 

loans to individuals 
          Total at variable rates 

Fixed Rate Loans: 
   Commercial, financial, and 
       agricultural 
   Real estate – construction only 
   Real estate – all other mortgage 
   Consumer, primarily installment 

loans to individuals 
          Total at fixed rates 

              Subtotal 
Nonaccrual loans 
                  Total loans 

As of December 31, 2016 

Due within  
one year 

Due after one year but 
within five years 

Due after five 
years 

Total 

Amount 

Yield 

Amount 

Yield 

Amount 

Yield 

Amount 

Yield 

$   50,333 
44,387 
77,165 

4.62% 
4.78% 
5.06% 

$     15,731 
34,422 
132,276 

4.41% 
4.25% 
4.76% 

$   17,957 
36,842 
279,449 

2.90% 
   3.02% 
3.91% 

$     84,021 
115,651 
488,890 

4.21% 
4.06% 
4.32% 

7,300 

4.60% 

39,173 

4.37% 

180,079 

3.98% 

226,552 

4.07% 

572 
179,757 

5.11% 
4.85% 

23,272 
244,874 

8.57% 
4.97% 

5,241 
519,568 

5.84% 
3.86% 

29,085 
944,199 

8.01% 
4.33% 

22,916 
35,915 
123,344 

3,792 
185,967 

365,724 
27,468 
$  393,192  

5.98% 
3.69% 
5.35% 

5.14% 
5.10% 

4.98% 

83,946 
13,568 
708,549 

16,024 
822,087 

1,066,961 
─ 
$1,066,961 

4.09% 
4.31% 
4.72% 

5.17% 
4.66% 

4.73% 

67,992 
47,541 
607,485 

7,973 
730,991 

1,250,559 

─ 
$1,250,559 

2.79% 
4.00% 
4.16% 

8.68% 
4.07% 

3.98% 

174,854 
97,024 
1,439,378 

27,789 
1,739,045 

2,683,244 
27,468 
$2,710,712 

3.84% 
3.93% 
4.54% 

6.17% 
4.46% 

4.41% 

The above table is based on contractual scheduled maturities.  Early repayment of loans or renewals at maturity are not considered in 
this table. 

83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 12  Nonperforming Assets 

($ in thousands) 

Non-covered nonperforming assets (1) 
Nonaccrual loans 
Restructured loans - accruing 
Accruing loans >90 days past due 
     Total non-covered nonperforming loans 
Nonperforming loans held for sale 
Foreclosed real estate 
     Total non-covered nonperforming assets 

Covered nonperforming assets (1) 
Nonaccrual loans 
Restructured loans - accruing 
Accruing loans >90 days past due 
     Total covered nonperforming loans 
Foreclosed real estate 
     Total covered nonperforming assets 

2016 

2015 

As of December 31,  
2014 

2013 

2012 

$      27,468 
22,138 

−     

49,606 
− 
9,532 
$      59,138 

      39,994 
28,011 
−     
68,005 
− 
9,188 
      77,193 

      50,066 
35,493 
−     
85,559 
− 
9,771 
      95,330 

      41,938 
27,776 
−     
69,714 
− 
12,251 
      81,965 

      33,034 
24,848 
−     
57,882 
21,938 
26,285 
    106,105 

$               − 
− 
−     
− 
− 
$                − 

        7,816 
3,478 
−     
11,294 
806 
      12,100 

      10,508 
5,823 
−     
16,331 
2,350 
      18,681 

      37,217 
8,909 
−     
46,126 
24,497 
      70,623 

      33,491 
15,465 
−     
48,956 
47,290 
    96,246 

Total nonperforming assets 

$      59,138 

      89,293 

    114,011 

    152,588 

    202,351 

Asset Quality Ratios – All Assets 
Nonperforming loans to total loans 
Nonperforming assets to total loans and foreclosed real 

estate 

Nonperforming assets to total assets 

Asset Quality Ratios – Based on Non-covered Assets only 
Non-covered nonperforming loans to non-covered 
    loans 
Non-covered nonperforming assets to non-covered loans 

1.83% 

3.15% 

4.25% 

4.70% 

4.50% 

2.17% 
1.64% 

3.53% 
2.66% 

4.73% 
3.54% 

6.10% 
4.79% 

8.26% 
6.24% 

1.83% 

2.81% 

3.77% 

3.09% 

2.76% 

and non-covered foreclosed real estate 

2.17% 

3.18% 

4.18% 

3.62% 

5.00% 

Non-covered nonperforming assets to total non-covered 

assets 

1.64% 

2.37% 

3.09% 

2.78% 

3.64% 

(1) Covered nonperforming assets consisted of assets that were included in loss share agreements with the FDIC.  In 2014, approximately $9.7 million of 
nonaccrual loans, $2.1 million accruing restructured loans and $3.0 million of foreclosed real estate were transferred from covered to non-covered status 
upon a scheduled expiration of a FDIC loss-share agreement.  In 2016, approximately $7.0 million of nonaccrual loans and $1.6 million of foreclosed real 
estate were transferred from covered to non-covered status upon expirations/terminations of FDIC loss-share agreements.  

84 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 12a  Nonperforming Assets by Geographical Region 

($ in thousands) 

Nonaccrual loans and  
    Troubled Debt Restructurings (1) 
Eastern Region (NC) 
Triangle Region (NC) 
Triad Region (NC) 
Charlotte Region (NC)  
Southern Piedmont Region (NC) 
Western Region (NC) 
South Carolina Region 
Virginia Region (2) 
Other 
          Total nonaccrual loans and 

troubled debt restructurings 

Foreclosed Real Estate (1) 
Eastern Region (NC) 
Triangle Region (NC) 
Triad Region (NC) 
Charlotte Region (NC) 
Southern Piedmont Region (NC) 
Western Region (NC) 
South Carolina Region 
Virginia Region 
Other 
          Total foreclosed real estate 

As of December 31, 2016 

Total Nonperforming 
Loans 

Total Loans 

Nonperforming Loans to 
Total Loans 

$            13,678           
12,300 
10,993 
1,583 
5,771 
310 
1,646 
3,325 
– 

           715,000 
818,000 
438,000 
207,000 
282,000 
88,000 
131,000 
13,000 
19,000 

$           49,606 

        2,711,000 

1.9% 
1.5% 
2.5% 
0.8% 
2.0% 
0.4% 
1.3% 
25.6% 
0.0% 

1.8% 

$             1,185           

2,535 
390 
344 
1,347 
1,138 
527 
2,066 
− 
$            9,532 

(1)   The counties comprising each region are as follows: 

Eastern North Carolina Region - New Hanover, Brunswick, Duplin, Dare, Beaufort, Pitt, Onslow, Carteret 
Triangle North Carolina Region - Moore, Lee, Harnett, Chatham, Wake 
Triad North Carolina Region - Montgomery, Randolph, Davidson, Rockingham, Guilford, Stanly, Forsyth 
Southern Piedmont North Carolina Region - Anson, Richmond, Scotland, Robeson, Bladen, Columbus, Cumberland 
Western North Carolina Region - Buncombe 
South Carolina Region - Chesterfield, Dillon, Florence 
Virginia Region - Wythe, Washington, Montgomery, Roanoke 
Charlotte North Carolina Region - Iredell, Cabarrus, Rowan, Mecklenburg 

(2)  As part of the terms of the July 2016 branch exchange, loans classified as substandard or below were not exchanged 

between the banks. 

85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 13  Allocation of the Allowance for Loan Losses 

($ in thousands) 

Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – construction, land development 
Real estate – residential, commercial,  
                  home equity, multifamily 
Installment loans to individuals 
Total allocated 
Unallocated 
Total 

2016 

2015 

As of December 31,  
2014 

2013 

2012 

$           3,829 
2,691 

           4,764 
3,790 

           6,911 
8,520 

           10,013 
11,373 

           4,855 
14,103 

15,222 
1,145 
22,887 
894 
$         23,781 

18,282 
1,051 
27,887 
696 
        28,583 

23,103 
1,916 
40,450 
176 
        40,626 

24,928 
2,343 
48,657 
(152) 
        48,505 

24,554 
1,942 
45,454 
948 
        46,402 

Allowance for loan losses related to covered loans 
included above (1) 

$                    ̶ 

1,799 

2,281 

4,242 

4,759 

(1)  During 2016, all FDIC loss share agreements were terminated, and accordingly, there were no covered loans at December 31, 

2016. 

86 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 14  Loan Loss and Recovery Experience 

($ in thousands) 

2016 

2015 

As of December 31,  
2014 

2013 

2012 

Loans outstanding at end of year 

$   2,710,712 

   2,518,926 

   2,396,174 

   2,463,194 

   2,376,457 

Average amount of loans outstanding 

$   2,603,327 

   2,434,602 

   2,434,331 

   2,419,679 

   2,436,997 

Allowance for loan losses, at  
   beginning of year 
Provision for loan losses – non-covered 
Provision (reversal) for loan losses - covered 
Total provision (reversal) for loan losses  

Loans charged off: (1) 
Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – construction, land development & 

other land loans  

Real estate – mortgage – residential (1-4 family) first 

mortgages  

Real estate – mortgage – home equity loans / lines 

of credit 

Real estate – mortgage – commercial and other 
Installment loans to individuals 
       Total charge-offs 

Recoveries of loans previously charged-off: 
Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – construction, land development & 

other land loans  

Real estate – mortgage – residential (1-4 family) first 

mortgages  

Real estate – mortgage – home equity loans / lines 

of credit 

Real estate – mortgage – commercial and other 
Installment loans to individuals 
       Total recoveries 
            Net charge-offs 
Allowance removed related to sold loans 
Allowance for loan losses, at end of year 

Covered net recoveries (charge-offs) included  
above (2) 

Ratios: 
   Net charge-offs as a percent of average loans 
   Allowance for loan losses as a percent of loans at 

end of year 

   Allowance for loan losses as a multiple of net 

charge-offs 

   Provision (reversal) for loan losses as a percent of 

$        28,583 
2,109 
(2,132) 
(23) 
28,560 

        40,626 
2,008 
(2,788) 
(780) 
39,846 

        48,505 
7,087 
3,108 
10,195 
58,700 

        46,402 
18,266 
12,350 
30,616 
77,018 

        41,418 
69,993 
9,679 
79,672 
121,090 

(2,033) 

(1,101) 

(3,894) 

(1,010) 
(1,088) 
(1,288) 
(10,414) 

817 

2,690 

1,207 

(3,039) 

(3,616) 

(5,145) 

(1,117) 
(3,103) 
(2,411) 
(18,431) 

934 

3,599 

678 

(5,179) 

(4,667) 

(5,000) 

(6,071) 

(10,582) 

(28,613) 

(4,050) 

(4,764) 

(15,490) 

(1,607) 
(4,405) 
(1,924) 
(23,236) 

149 

3,363 

646 

(3,143) 
(7,027) 
(2,253) 
(32,436) 

(5,921) 
(20,317) 
(1,932) 
(77,273) 

198 

777 

595 

152 

1,281 

91 

279 
1,286 
406 
6,685 
(3,729) 
(1,050) 
$        23,781 

143 
1,390 
424 
7,168 
(11,263) 
− 
        28,583 

100 
446 
458 
5,162 
(18,074) 
− 
        40,626 

199 
1,531 
623 
3,923 
(28,513) 
− 
        48,505 

440 
318 
303 
2,585 
(74,688) 
− 
        46,402 

$           1,714 

        2,306 

        (3,332) 

(12,867) 

        (10,728) 

0.14% 

0.88% 

6.38x 

0.46% 

1.13% 

2.54x 

0.74% 

1.70% 

2.25x 

1.18% 

3.06% 

1.97% 

1.95% 

1.70x 

0.62x 

net charge-offs 

-0.62% 

-6.93% 

56.41% 

107.38% 

106.67% 

   Recoveries of loans previously charged-off as a 

percent of loans charged-off 

64.19% 

38.89% 

22.22% 

12.09% 

3.35% 

(1) 

In the table above, for the period ended December 31, 2012, loan charge-offs include $37.8 million in charge-offs related to loans 
that the Company held for sale as of year-end (and subsequently sold in January 2013).  The remaining balance of $30.4 million 
after the charge-offs were recorded was classified as “Loans held for sale” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at 
December 31, 2012. 

(2)  On September 22, 2016, all FDIC loss-share agreements were terminated, and accordingly, assets previously covered under those 

agreements became non-covered on that date. 

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 15  Average Deposits 

($ in thousands) 

Interest-bearing checking accounts 
Money market accounts 
Savings accounts 
Time deposits >$100,000 
Other time deposits 
     Total interest-bearing deposits 
Noninterest-bearing checking accounts 
     Total deposits 

2016 

Year Ended December 31, 
2015 

2014 

Average 
Amount 

Average  
Rate 

Average 
Amount 

Average  
Rate 

Average 
Amount 

Average  
Rate 

$    583,786 
657,211 
200,093 
405,220 
268,854 
2,115,164 
712,349 
$2,827,513 

0.06% 
0.18% 
0.05% 
0.65% 
0.33% 
0.24% 
−   
0.18% 

$    568,329 
582,407 
184,821 
410,692 
322,205 
2,068,454 
618,927 
$2,687,381 

0.06% 
0.13% 
0.05% 
0.70% 
0.39% 
0.26% 
−   
0.20% 

$    535,738 
552,940 
176,362 
542,303 
387,607 
2,194,950 
528,808 
$2,723,758 

0.06% 
0.11% 
0.05% 
0.81% 
0.43% 
0.32% 
−   
0.26% 

Table 16  Maturities of Time Deposits of $100,000 or More 

($ in thousands) 

3 Months  
or Less 

Over 3 to 6 
Months 

As of December 31, 2016 
Over 6 to 12 
Months 

Over 12  
Months 

Total 

Time deposits of $100,000 or more 

$     118,073 

71,104 

122,777 

110,733 

422,687 

88 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 17   Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis 

     Percent of total earning assets 
     Cumulative percent of total earning assets 

32.32% 
32.32% 

($ in thousands) 

Earning assets: 
     Loans (1) 
     Securities available for sale (2) 
     Securities held to maturity (2) 
     Short-term investments 
          Total earning assets 

Interest-bearing liabilities: 
     Interest-bearing checking accounts 
     Money market accounts 
     Savings accounts 
     Time deposits of $100,000 or more 
     Other time deposits 
     Borrowings 
          Total interest-bearing liabilities 

     Percent of total interest-bearing liabilities 
     Cumulative percent of total interest- 
          bearing liabilities 

Interest sensitivity gap 
Cumulative interest sensitivity gap 
Cumulative interest sensitivity gap 
     as a percent of total earning assets 
Cumulative ratio of interest-sensitive 
     assets to interest-sensitive liabilities 

Repricing schedule for interest-earning assets and interest-bearing 
 liabilities held as of December 31, 2016 
Total Within 
12 Months 

Over 3 to 12  
Months 

Over 12 
Months 

3 Months  
or Less 

Total 

$         785,315 
25,171 
11,967 
236,464 
$      1,058,917 

$         635,431 

685,331    
209,074     
117,952 
78,080 
146,394 
$      1,872,262 

186,721 
25,823 
19,210 

─ 

231,754 

7.07% 
39.40% 

─ 
─ 
─ 
193,881 
119,760 
105,000 
418,641 

972,036 
50,994 
31,177 
236,464 
1,290,671 

1,738,676 
148,335 
98,536 
─ 

1,985,547 

2,710,712 
199,329 
129,713 
236,464 
3,276,218 

39.40% 
39.40% 

60.60% 
100.00% 

100.00% 
100.00% 

635,431 
685,331 
209,074 
311,833 
197,840 
251,394 
2,290,903 

─ 
─ 
─ 
110,854 
40,987 
20,000 
171,841 

635,431 
685,331 
209,074 
422,687 
238,827 
271,394 
2,462,744 

76.02% 

17.00% 

93.02% 

9.21% 

100.00% 

76.02% 

93.02% 

93.02% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

$      (813,345) 
(813,345) 

(186,887) 
(1,000,232) 

(1,000,232) 
(1,000,232) 

1,813,706 
813,474 

813,474 
813,474 

(24.83%) 

(30.53%) 

(30.53%) 

24.83% 

24.83% 

56.56% 

56.34% 

56.34% 

133.03% 

133.03% 

(1)  The three months or less category for loans includes $335,866 in adjustable rate loans that have reached their contractual rate floors.  
Thus, the interest rates on these loans will not decrease any further.  For the majority of these loans, it will take an increase in prime 
rate of at least 200 basis points before the loans will reprice higher. 

(2)  Securities available for sale include government-sponsored enterprise securities, mortgage-backed securities, corporate bonds, and 

equity securities.  Securities held to maturity include mortgage-backed securities and state and local government securities.  For fixed 
rate mortgage-backed securities, the principal is assumed to reprice equally over the average life of the underlying security.  All other 
fixed rate securities are assumed to reprice based on maturity date or call date.  Variable rate securities are included in the period in 
which they are subject to reprice. 

89 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 18  Contractual Obligations and Other Commercial Commitments 

Contractual 
Obligations 
As of December 31, 2016 

Borrowings 
Operating leases 
   Total contractual cash obligations, 

excluding deposits 

Deposits 
   Total contractual cash obligations, 

Payments Due by Period ($ in thousands) 

Total 
$         271,394 
7,499 

On Demand or 
Less  
than 1 Year 

205,000 
1,404 

1-3 Years 

20,000 
2,121 

4-5 Years 
            −̶  

1,300 

After 5 
Years 

46,394 
2,674 

278,893 

206,404 

22,121 

1,300 

49,068 

2,947,353 

2,793,804 

103,952 

47,860 

1,737 

including deposits 

$   3,226,246 

3,000,208 

126,073 

49,160 

50,805 

Amount of Commitment Expiration Per Period ($ in thousands) 

Other Commercial 
Commitments 
As of December 31, 2016 

Credit cards 
Lines of credit and loan commitments 
Standby letters of credit 
   Total commercial commitments 

Total 
Amounts 
Committed 
$          86,578 
661,148 
12,738 
$       760,464 

 Less  
than 1 Year 

1-3 Years 

4-5 Years 

43,289 
266,863 
11,956 
322,108 

43,289 
94,838 
782 
138,909 

─ 
72,362 
─ 
72,362 

After 5 
Years 
─ 
227,085 
─ 
227,085 

90 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 19  Market Risk Sensitive Instruments 

Expected Maturities of Market Sensitive Instruments Held  
at December 31, 2016 Occurring in Indicated Year 

($ in thousands) 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

Beyond 

Total 

Average 
Interest 
Rate  

Estimated 
Fair 
Value 

Due from banks, 
    interest-bearing 
Presold mortgages in 

process of settlement 

Debt Securities - at 
  amortized cost (1) (2) 
Loans – fixed (3) (4) 
Loans – adjustable (3) (4) 
  Total 

Interest-bearing checking 

accounts 

Money market accounts 
Savings accounts 
Time deposits 
Borrowings – fixed  
Borrowings – adjustable 
  Total 

$   234,348 

2,116 

− 

− 

− 

− 

− 

− 

− 

− 

− 

− 

234,348 

0.75% 

$    234,348 

2,116 

4.14% 

2,116 

65,963 

69,075 

23,324 
81,018 
185,967  186,289  191,787  201,122  242,887 
56,041 
59,766 
179,758 
$   671,264  323,258  332,571  315,069  322,252 

58,058 

55,889 

71,006 

36,775 
730,993 
519,570 
1,287,338 

332,044 
1,739,045 
944,199 
3,251,752 

329,351 
2.65% 
1,724,116 
4.46% 
923,017 
4.33% 
3.97%  $ 3,212,948 

$   635,431 
685,331 
209,074 
507,965 
205,000 
      − 

− 
− 
− 
83,954 
20,000 
   – 

$ 2,242,801  103,954 

− 
− 
− 
19,998 
−   
–    
19,998 

−   
−   
−   
25,442 
−   
–    
25,442 

−    
−    
−    
22,418 
−    
–    
22,418 

−  
−  
−  
1,737 
−  
46,394 
48,131 

635,431 
685,331 
209,074 
661,514 
225,000 
46,394 
2,462,744 

$    635,431 
0.05% 
685,331 
0.19% 
209,074 
0.05% 
659,129 
0.52% 
224,972 
0.80% 
2.90% 
38,283 
0.34%  $ 2,452,220 

(1)   Tax-exempt securities are reflected at a tax-equivalent basis using a 37.6% tax rate. 
(2)   Securities with call dates within 12 months of December 31, 2016 that have above market interest rates are assumed to mature at 

their call date for purposes of this table.  Mortgage securities are assumed to mature in the period of their expected repayment 
based on estimated prepayment speeds. 

(3)   Excludes nonaccrual loans. 
(4)   Loans are shown in the period of their contractual maturity. 

Table 20  Return on Assets and Common Equity 

2016 

For the Year Ended December 31,  
2015 

2014 

Return on average assets 
Return on average common equity 
Dividend payout ratio – common shares 
Average shareholders’ equity to average assets 

0.80% 
7.73% 
23.36% 
10.54% 

0.82% 
8.04% 
23.88% 
11.65% 

0.75% 
7.73% 
26.23% 
11.90% 

91 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 21  Risk-Based and Leverage Capital Ratios 

($ in thousands) 

Risk-Based and Leverage Capital 
Common Equity Tier I capital: 
     Shareholders’ equity 
     Preferred stock 
     Intangible assets, net of deferred tax liability 
     Accumulated other comprehensive income 

adjustments 

               Total Common Equity Tier I capital 

Tier I capital: 
     Preferred stock 
     Trust preferred securities eligible for Tier I 

capital treatment 

     Deductions from Tier I capital  
               Total Tier I leverage capital 

Tier II capital: 
     Allowable allowance for loan losses 
     Other Tier II capital 
               Tier II capital additions 
Total capital 

2016 
(under Basel III) 

As of December 31,  
2015 
(under Basel III) 

$           368,101 
̶ 
(64,496) 

           342,190 
(7,287) 
(55,687) 

5,107 
308,712 

̶ 

45,000 
(349) 
353,363 

3,550 
282,766 

7,287 

45,000 
̶ 
335,053 

2014 
(pre-Basel III) 

         387,699 
(70,787) 
(67,893) 

578 
249,597 

70,787 

45,000 
̶ 
365,384 

23,781 
703 
24,484 
$           377,847 

28,583 
489 
29,072 
          364,125 

28,096 
-- 
28,096 
          393,480 

Total risk weighted assets 

$       2,828,118 

       2,519,193 

       2,235,143 

Adjusted fourth quarter average assets 

3,539,363 

3,227,166 

3,146,409 

Risk-based capital ratios: 
   Common equity Tier I  capital to                            

Tier I risk adjusted assets 

Minimum required under Basel III 
Fully phased-in minimum under Basel III 

   Tier I capital to Tier I risk adjusted assets 
Minimum required under Basel III 
Fully phased-in minimum under Basel III 

   Total risk-based capital to 
         Tier II risk-adjusted assets 

Minimum required under Basel III 
Fully phased-in minimum under Basel III 

Leverage capital ratios: 
   Tier I leverage capital to 
       adjusted fourth quarter average assets 

Minimum required under Basel III 
Fully phased-in minimum under Basel III 

11.22% 
4.50% 
7.00% 

13.30% 
6.00% 
8.50% 

14.45% 
8.00% 
10.50% 

10.38% 
4.00% 
4.00% 

11.17%    
4.50% 
7.00% 

16.35% 
4.00% 
8.50% 

17.60% 
8.00% 
10.50% 

11.61% 
4.00% 
4.00% 

10.92% 
5.125% 
7.00% 

12.49% 
6.625% 
8.50% 

13.36% 
8.625% 
10.50% 

10.17% 
4.00% 
4.00% 

92 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 22  Quarterly Financial Summary (Unaudited) 
2016 

2015 

($ in thousands except 
per share data) 
Income Statement Data 
Interest income, taxable equivalent 
Interest expense 
Net interest income, taxable 

equivalent 

Taxable equivalent, adjustment 
Net interest income 
Provision (reversal) for loan losses 
Net interest income after provision 

for losses 

Noninterest income 
Noninterest expense 
Income before income taxes 
Income taxes 
Net income 
Preferred stock dividends 
Net income available to common 

shareholders 

Fourth 
Quarter 

Third 
Quarter 

Second 
Quarter 

First  
Quarter 

Fourth 
Quarter 

Third 
Quarter 

Second 
Quarter 

First  
Quarter 

$     33,834 
1,997 

31,837 
544 
31,293 
̶ 

31,293 
9,473 
28,183 
12,583 
4,228 
8,355 
̶ 

32,789 
1,901 

30,888 
534 
30,354 
̶ 

30,354 
5,157 
27,718 
7,793 
3,115 
4,678 
(58) 

33,896 
1,841 

32,055 
517 
31,538 
(281) 

31,819 
5,919 
26,147 
11,591 
3,952 
7,639 
(59) 

32,522 
1,868 

     32,230 
1,754 

30,654 
459 
30,195 
258 

29,937 
5,002 
24,773 
10,166 
3,329 
6,837 
(58) 

30,476 
423 
30,053 
(43) 

30,096 
5,725 
25,503 
10,318 
3,521 
6,797 
(37) 

32,549 
1,744 

30,805 
419 
30,386 
(1,414) 

31,800 
3,506 
24,614 
10,692 
3,687 
7,005 
(137) 

31,662 
1,655 

30,007 
402 
29,605 
841 

28,764 
5,004 
24,300 
9,468 
3,224 
6,244 
(212) 

31,848 
1,755 

30,093 
390 
29,703 
(164) 

29,867 
4,529 
23,714 
10,682 
3,694 
6,988 
(217) 

8,355 

4,620 

7,580 

6,779 

6,760 

6,868 

6,032 

6,771 

Per Common Share Data 
Earnings per common share – basic 
Earnings per common share – diluted 
Cash dividends declared 
Market Price 
High 
Low 
Close 

Stated book value - common 
Tangible book value - common 

$           0.41 
0.40 
0.08 

28.49 
19.18 
27.14 
17.66 
13.85 

0.23 
0.23 
0.08 

20.33 
17.42 
19.79 
17.78 
13.80 

0.38 
0.37 
0.08 

21.94 
17.15 
17.58 
17.64 
13.80 

0.34 
0.33 
0.08 

           0.34 
0.33 
0.08 

19.59 
17.83 
18.85 
17.24 
13.75 

19.92 
16.01 
18.74 
16.96 
13.56 

0.35 
0.34 
0.08 

17.86 
16.01 
17.00 
16.80 
13.40 

0.30 
0.30 
0.08 

17.85 
15.18 
16.68 
16.51 
13.10 

0.34 
0.33 
0.08 

18.64 
15.00 
17.56 
16.34 
12.90 

Selected Average Balances 
Assets 
Loans 
Earning assets 
Deposits 
Interest-bearing liabilities 
Shareholders’ equity 

Ratios (annualized where applicable) 
Return on average assets 
Return on average common equity 
Equity to assets at end of period 
Tangible equity to tangible assets at 

end of period 

Tangible common equity to tangible 

assets at end of period 

Average loans to average deposits 
Average earning assets to interest- 
    bearing liabilities 
Net interest margin 
Allowance for loan losses to gross loans 
Nonperforming loans as a percent of 

total loans 

Nonperforming assets as a percent of 

total assets 

Net charge-offs as a percent of average 

$ 3,539,363 
2,683,493 
3,214,719 
2,905,501 
2,380,614 
369,037 

3,443,737 
2,635,707 
3,127,219 
2,823,255 
2,319,008 
365,753 

3,373,476 
2,565,791 
3,064,959 
2,805,905 
2,296,225 
358,586 

3,332,492 
2,528,317 
3,028,775 
2,775,391 
2,303,445 
349,484 

 3,282,853 
2,504,022 
2,982,356 
2,732,231 
2,258,911 
348,777 

3,244,515 
2,453,580 
2,951,638 
2,680,671 
2,223,025 
369,499 

3,199,270 
2,389,735 
2,901,770 
2,667,649 
2,180,746 
394,699 

3,194,570 
2,391,071 
2,910,732 
2,688,973 
2,210,302 
392,173 

0.94% 
9.17% 
10.18% 

0.53% 
5.13% 
10.32% 

0.90% 
8.68% 
10.43% 

0.82% 
7.97% 
10.34% 

0.82% 
7.96% 
10.18% 

0.84% 
8.23% 
11.34% 

0.76% 
7.42% 
11.38% 

0.86% 
8.54% 
12.21% 

8.16% 

8.24% 

8.39% 

8.46% 

8.35% 

9.48% 

9.47% 

10.33% 

8.16% 
92.36% 

8.03% 
93.36% 

8.18% 
91.44% 

8.24% 
91.10% 

8.13% 
91.65% 

8.27% 
91.53% 

8.24% 
89.58% 

8.08% 
88.92% 

135.04% 
3.94% 
0.88% 

134.85% 
3.93% 
0.93% 

133.48% 
4.21% 
1.00% 

131.49% 
4.07% 
1.05% 

132.03% 
4.05% 
1.13% 

132.78% 
4.14% 
1.21% 

133.06% 
4.15% 
1.33% 

131.69% 
4.19% 
1.50% 

1.83% 

2.27% 

2.59% 

2.83% 

3.15% 

3.26% 

3.63% 

3.92% 

1.64% 

1.98% 

2.25% 

2.43% 

2.66% 

2.80% 

3.09% 

3.26% 

total loans 

0.12% 

0.06% 

0.05% 

0.35% 

0.23% 

0.10% 

0.80% 

0.76% 

93 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 

First Bancorp and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Balance Sheets 
December 31, 2016 and 2015 

($ in thousands) 
Assets 
Cash and due from banks, noninterest-bearing 
Due from banks, interest-bearing 
Federal funds sold 
     Total cash and cash equivalents 

Securities available for sale 
Securities held to maturity (fair values of $130,195 in 2016 and $157,146 in 2015) 

Presold mortgages in process of settlement 

Loans – non-covered  
Loans – covered by FDIC loss share agreement 
     Total loans 
     Total allowance for loan losses 
          Net loans 

Premises and equipment 
Accrued interest receivable 
FDIC indemnification asset 
Goodwill 
Other intangible assets 
Foreclosed real estate 
Bank-owned life insurance 
Other assets 
          Total assets 

Liabilities 
Deposits:   Noninterest-bearing checking accounts 

Interest-bearing checking accounts 
Money market accounts 
Savings accounts 
Time deposits of $100,000 or more 
Other time deposits 
     Total deposits 

Borrowings 
Accrued interest payable 
Other liabilities 
       Total liabilities 

Commitments and contingencies (see Note 13) 

2016 

2015 

$               71,645 
234,348 
− 
305,993 

               53,285 
213,426 
557 
267,268 

199,329 
129,713 

2,116 

2,710,712 
− 
2,710,712 

(23,781)  

2,686,931 

75,351 
9,286 
− 
75,042 
4,433 
9,532 
74,138 
42,998 
$          3,614,862 

$             756,003 
635,431 
685,331 
209,074 
422,687 
238,827 
2,947,353 
271,394 
539 
27,475 
3,246,761 

165,614 
154,610 

4,323 

2,416,285 
102,641 
2,518,926 

(28,583)  

2,490,343 

74,559 
9,166 
8,439 
65,835 
1,336 
9,994 
72,086 
38,492 
          3,362,065 

             659,038 
626,878 
639,189 
186,616 
403,545 
296,019 
2,811,285 
186,394 
585 
21,611 
3,019,875 

Shareholders’ Equity 
Preferred stock, no par value per share.  Authorized: 5,000,000 shares 
     Series C, convertible, issued & outstanding:  none in 2016 and 728,706 in 2015 
Common stock, no par value per share.  Authorized: 40,000,000 shares 
     Issued & outstanding:  20,844,505 shares in 2016 and 19,747,509 shares in 2015 
Retained earnings 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 
       Total shareholders’ equity 
          Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 

− 

7,287 

147,287 
225,921 
(5,107) 
368,101 
$          3,614,862 

133,393 
205,060 
(3,550) 
342,190 
          3,362,065 

        See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

 94 

 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First Bancorp and Subsidiaries 
  Consolidated Statements of Income 
Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 

($ in thousands, except per share data) 
Interest Income 
Interest and fees on loans 
Interest on investment securities: 
     Taxable interest income 
     Tax-exempt interest income 
Other, principally overnight investments 
     Total interest income 

Interest Expense 
Savings, checking and money market accounts 
Time deposits of $100,000 or more 
Other time deposits 
Borrowings 
     Total interest expense 

Net interest income 
Provision for loan losses – non-covered 
Provision (reversal) for loan losses – covered  
     Total provision (reversal) for loan losses 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses 

Noninterest Income 
Service charges on deposit accounts 
Other service charges, commissions and fees 
Fees from presold mortgage loans 
Commissions from sales of insurance and financial products 
SBA consulting fees 
SBA loan sale gains 
Bank-owned life insurance income 
Foreclosed property losses, net 
FDIC indemnification asset income (expense), net 
Securities gains (losses), net 
Other gains (losses), net 
     Total noninterest income 

Noninterest Expenses 
Salaries 
Employee benefits 
   Total personnel expense 
Occupancy expense 
Equipment related expenses 
Merger and acquisition expenses 
Intangibles amortization 
Other operating expenses 
     Total noninterest expenses 

Income before income taxes 
Income tax expense 

Net income 

Preferred stock dividends 

Net income available to common shareholders 

Earnings per common share:  Basic 
Earnings per common share:  Diluted 

Dividends declared per common share 

Weighted average common shares outstanding: 

Basic 
Diluted 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

 95 

2016 

2015 

2014 

$   121,322 

   117,872 

   133,641 

7,034 
1,748 
883 
130,987 

1,620 
2,654 
896 
2,437 
7,607 

123,380 
2,109 
(2,132) 
(23) 
123,403 

10,571 
11,913 
2,033 
3,790 
3,199 
1,433 
2,052 
(625) 
(10,255) 
3 
1,437 
25,551 

51,252 
10,812 
62,064 
7,838 
3,608 
1,431 
1,211 
30,669 
106,821 

42,133 
14,624 

6,296 
1,829 
658 
126,655 

1,192 
2,856 
1,271 
1,589 
6,908 

119,747 
2,008 
(2,788) 
(780) 
120,527 

11,648 
10,906 
2,532 
2,580 
− 
− 
1,665 
(1,486) 
(8,615) 
(1) 
(465) 
18,764 

47,660 
9,134 
56,794 
7,358 
3,749 
− 
722 
29,508 
98,131 

41,160 
14,126 

3,461 
1,881 
849 
139,832 

1,040 
4,373 
1,659 
1,151 
8,223 

131,609 
7,087 
3,108 
10,195 
121,414 

13,706 
10,019 
2,726 
2,733 
− 
− 
1,311 
(3,843) 
(12,842) 
786 
(228) 
14,368 

46,071 
9,086 
55,157 
7,362 
3,931 
− 
777 
30,024 
97,251 

38,531 
13,535 

    27,509 

    27,034 

    24,996 

(175) 

(603) 

(868) 

$       27,334 

       26,431 

       24,128 

$           1.37         

1.33 

           1.34         
1.30 

           1.22         
1.19 

$           0.32 

           0.32 

           0.32 

19,964,727 
20,732,917 

19,767,470 
20,499,727 

19,699,801 
20,434,007 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First Bancorp and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 
Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 

($ in thousands) 

2016 

2015 

2014 

Net income 
Other comprehensive income (loss): 

Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale: 

Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period, pretax 
     Tax (expense) benefit 
Reclassification to realized (gains) losses 
     Tax expense (benefit) 

Postretirement plans: 

        Net gain (loss) arising during period 
              Tax (expense) benefit 
        Amortization of unrecognized net actuarial (gain) loss 
              Tax expense (benefit) 
Other comprehensive income (loss) 

$         27,509 

         27,034 

         24,996 

(1,919) 
683 
(3) 
1 

(557) 
115 
202 
(79) 
(1,557) 

(473) 
184 
1 
− 

(4,321) 
1,685 
(79) 
31 
(2,972) 

2,115 
(825) 
(786) 
307 

(5,171) 
2,017 
(221) 
86 
(2,478) 

Comprehensive income 

 $        25,952 

         24,062 

         22,518 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

 96 

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First Bancorp and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity 
Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 

(In thousands) 

Preferred  
Stock 

Common Stock 

Shares 

Amount 

Retained 
Earnings 

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income (Loss) 

Total 
Share- 
holders’ 
Equity 

Balances, January 1, 2014 

  $    70,787 

19,680 

 $  132,099 

167,136 

1,900 

371,922 

Net income 
Stock option exercises 
Cash dividends declared ($0.32 per 

share) 

Preferred dividends 
Stock-based compensation 
Other comprehensive income (loss) 

5 

70 

25 

363 

24,996 

(6,306) 
(868) 

24,996 
70 

(6,306) 
(868) 
363 
(2,478) 

(2,478) 

Balances, December 31, 2014 

    70,787 

19,710 

   132,532 

184,958 

(578) 

387,699 

(63,500) 

Net income 
Preferred stock redeemed (Series B) 
Stock option exercises 
Stock withheld for payment of taxes 
Cash dividends declared ($0.32 per 

share) 

Preferred dividends 
Stock-based compensation 
Other comprehensive income (loss) 

27,034 

(6,329) 
(603) 

7 
(3) 

112 
(54) 

34 

803 

(2,972) 

27,034 
(63,500) 
112 
(54) 

(6,329) 
(603) 
803 
(2,972) 

Balances, December 31, 2015 

    7,287 

19,748 

   133,393 

205,060 

(3,550) 

342,190 

Net income 
Conversion of preferred stock to 

common stock 

Equity issued pursuant to acquisitions 
Stock option exercises 
Stock withheld for payment of taxes 
Cash dividends declared ($0.32 per 

share) 

Preferred dividends 
Stock-based compensation 
Other comprehensive income (loss) 

(7,287) 

729 
279 
23 
(6) 

7,287 
5,509 
375 
(166) 

27,509 

(6,473) 
(175) 

72 

889 

(1,557) 

27,509 

− 
5,509 
375 
(166) 

(6,473) 
(175) 
889 
(1,557) 

Balances, December 31, 2016 

$             − 

20,845  $   147,287 

225,921 

(5,107) 

368,101 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 

 97 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First Bancorp and Subsidiaries 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
  Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 

($ in thousands) 
Cash Flows From Operating Activities 
Net income  
Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities: 
     Provision (reversal) for loan losses 
     Net security premium amortization 
     Loan discount accretion 
     FDIC indemnification asset expense, net 
     Foreclosed property losses and write-downs, net 
     Loss (gain) on securities available for sale 
     Other (gains) losses 
     Decrease in net deferred loan costs 
     Depreciation of premises and equipment 
     Stock-based compensation expense 
     Amortization of intangible assets 
     Fees/gains from sales of presold mortgages and SBA loans 
     Originations of presold mortgages and SBA loans 
     Proceeds from sales of presold mortgages and SBA loans 
     Gain on sale of branches 
     Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable 
     Decrease (increase) in other assets 
     Decrease in accrued interest payable 
     Increase (decrease) in other liabilities 
          Net cash provided by operating activities 
Cash Flows From Investing Activities 
     Purchases of securities available for sale 
     Purchases of securities held to maturity 
     Proceeds from maturities/issuer calls of securities available for sale 
     Proceeds from maturities/issuer calls of securities held to maturity   
     Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale 
     Purchases of Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank stock, net 
     Purchase of bank-owned life insurance 
     Net (increase) decrease in loans 
     (Payments) proceeds related to FDIC loss share agreements 
     Payment to FDIC for termination of loss share agreements 
     Proceeds from sales of foreclosed real estate 
     Purchases of premises and equipment 
     Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment 
     Proceeds from branch sale 
     Net cash paid in acquisitions 
          Net cash used by investing activities 
Cash Flows From Financing Activities 
     Net increase (decrease) in deposits 
     Net increase in borrowings 
     Cash dividends paid – common stock 
     Cash dividends paid – preferred stock 
     Redemption of preferred stock 
     Proceeds from stock option exercises 
     Stock withheld for payment of taxes 
          Net cash provided by financing activities 

Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year 

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information: 
Cash paid during the period for interest 
Cash paid during the period for income taxes 
Non-cash investing and financing transactions: 
     Foreclosed loans transferred to foreclosed real estate 
     Unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale, net of taxes 

 98 

2016 

2015 

2014 

$       27,509 

       27,034 

       24,996 

(23) 
3,341 
(4,451) 
10,255 
625 
(3) 
29 
922 
4,602 
714 
1,211 
(3,466) 
(95,500) 
101,148 
(1,466) 
(120) 
(724) 
(4) 
2,868 
47,467 

(114,396) 
− 
76,939 
23,368 
8 
(3,933) 
− 
(198,589) 
(1,554) 
(2,012) 
7,954 
(8,689) 
2,025 
26,211 
(53,640) 
(246,308) 

158,989 
85,000 
(6,399) 
(233) 
− 
375 
(166) 
237,566 

(780) 
3,247 
(4,751) 
8,615 
1,486 
1 
465 
73 
4,494 
710 
722 
(2,532) 
(97,118) 
101,315 
− 
(246) 
(5,062) 
(101) 
(222) 
37,350 

(95,822) 
(857) 
86,238 
23,203 
− 
(9,877) 
(15,000) 
(138,346) 
6,673 
− 
9,650 
(5,481) 
1,621 
− 
− 
(137,998) 

115,379 
70,000 
(6,309) 
(796) 
(63,500) 
112 
(54) 
114,832 

10,195 
1,934 
(16,009) 
12,842 
3,843 
(786) 
228 
(17) 
4,618 
270 
777 
(2,726) 
(101,493) 
103,773 
− 
729 
2,164 
(193) 
2,675 
47,820 

(66,263) 
(125,377) 
30,332 
453 
47,473 
(2,122) 
(10,000) 
52,157 
17,724 
− 
33,262 
(4,751) 
1,309 
− 
− 
(25,803) 

(55,106) 
70,000 
(6,303) 
(868) 
− 
70 
− 
7,793 

38,725 
267,268 
$      305,993 

14,184 
253,084 
      267,268 

29,810 
223,274 
      253,084 

$          7,653 
11,791 

          7,009 
13,815 

          8,416 
5,096 

8,117 
(1,238) 

9,009 
(288) 

12,717 
811 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First Bancorp and Subsidiaries 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
December 31, 2016 

Note 1.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 

(a) Basis of Presentation − The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of First Bancorp (the 
“Company”) and its wholly owned subsidiary - First Bank (the “Bank”).  The Bank has three wholly owned 
subsidiaries that are fully consolidated - First Bank Insurance Services, Inc. (“First Bank Insurance”), SBA 
Complete, Inc. (“SBA Complete”), and First Troy SPE, LLC.  All significant intercompany accounts and transactions 
have been eliminated.  Subsequent events have been evaluated through the date of filing this Form 10-K. 

The Company is a bank holding company.  The principal activity of the Company is the ownership and operation 
of the Bank, a state chartered bank with its main office in Southern Pines, North Carolina.  The Company is also 
the parent company for a series of statutory trusts that were formed at various times since 2002 for the purpose 
of issuing trust preferred debt securities.  The trusts are not consolidated for financial reporting purposes; 
however, notes issued by the Company to the trusts in return for the proceeds from the issuance of the trust 
preferred securities are included in the consolidated financial statements and have terms that are substantially 
the same as the corresponding trust preferred securities.  The trust preferred securities qualify as capital for 
regulatory capital adequacy requirements.  First Bank Insurance is an agent for property and casualty insurance 
policies.  SBA Complete is a firm that specializes in providing consulting services for financial institutions across 
the country related to Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loan origination and servicing.  First Troy SPE, LLC 
was formed in order to hold and dispose of certain real estate foreclosed upon by the Bank. 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the 
United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported 
amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements 
and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ 
from those estimates.  The most significant estimates made by the Company in the preparation of its 
consolidated financial statements are the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of other 
real estate, the accounting and impairment testing related to intangible assets, and the fair value and discount 
accretion of loans acquired in FDIC-assisted transactions. 

(b) Cash and Cash Equivalents − The Company considers all highly liquid assets such as cash on hand, 
noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing amounts due from banks and federal funds sold to be “cash 
equivalents.” 

(c) Securities − Debt securities that the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are 
classified as “held to maturity” and carried at amortized cost.  Securities not classified as held to maturity are 
classified as “available for sale” and carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses being reported as 
other comprehensive income or loss and reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. 

A decline in the market value of any available for sale or held to maturity security below cost that is deemed to 
be other than temporary results in a reduction in carrying amount to fair value.  The impairment is charged to 
earnings and a new cost basis for the security is established.  Any equity security that is in an unrealized loss 
position for twelve consecutive months is presumed to be other than temporarily impaired and an impairment 
charge is recorded unless the amount of the charge is insignificant. 

 99 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains and losses on sales of securities are recognized at the time of sale based upon the specific identification 
method.  Premiums and discounts are amortized into income on a level yield basis, with premiums being 
amortized to the earliest call date and discounts being accreted to the stated maturity date. 

(d) Premises and Equipment − Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. 
Depreciation, computed by the straight-line method, is charged to operations over the estimated useful lives of 
the properties, which range from 2 to 40 years or, in the case of leasehold improvements, over the term of the 
lease, if shorter.  Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations in the year incurred.  Gains and losses on 
dispositions are included in current operations. 

(e) Loans – Loans are stated at the principal amount outstanding less any partial charge-offs plus deferred 
origination costs, net of nonrefundable loan fees.  Interest on loans is accrued on the unpaid principal balance 
outstanding.  Net deferred loan origination costs/fees are capitalized and recognized as a yield adjustment over 
the life of the related loan.  

The Company does not hold a significant amount of interest-only strips, loans, other receivables, or retained 
interests in securitizations that can be contractually prepaid or otherwise settled in a way that it would not 
recover substantially all of its recorded investment.  

Purchased loans acquired in a business combination are recorded at estimated fair value on their purchase date.  
No allowance for loan losses is carried over from the seller or otherwise recorded.  

The Company follows specific accounting guidance related to purchased impaired loans when purchased loans 
have evidence of credit deterioration since origination and it is probable at the date of acquisition that the 
Company will not collect all contractually required principal and interest payments.  Evidence of credit quality 
deterioration as of the purchase date may include statistics such as past due and nonaccrual status.  The 
accounting guidance permits the use of the cost recovery method of income recognition for those purchased 
impaired loans for which the timing and amount of cash flows expected to be collected cannot be reasonably 
estimated.  Under the cost recovery method of income recognition, all cash receipts are initially applied to 
principal, with interest income being recorded only after the carrying value of the loan has been reduced to 
zero.  Substantially all of the Company’s purchased impaired loans to date have had uncertain cash flows and 
thus are accounted for under the cost recovery method of income recognition. 

For nonimpaired purchased loans, the Company accretes any fair value discount over the life of the loan in a 
manner consistent with the guidance for accounting for loan origination fees and costs.   

A loan is placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s judgment, the collection of interest appears 
doubtful.  The accrual of interest is discontinued on all loans that become 90 days or more past due with respect 
to principal or interest.  The past due status of loans is based on the contractual payment terms.  While a loan is 
on nonaccrual status, the Company’s policy is that all cash receipts are applied to principal.  Once the recorded 
principal balance has been reduced to zero, future cash receipts are applied to recoveries of any amounts 
previously charged off.  Further cash receipts are recorded as interest income to the extent that any interest has 
been foregone.  Loans are removed from nonaccrual status when they become current as to both principal and 
interest, when concern no longer exists as to the collectability of principal or interest, and when the loan has 
provided generally six months of satisfactory payment performance.  In some cases, where borrowers are 
experiencing financial difficulties, loans may be restructured to provide terms significantly different from the 
originally contracted terms.  For a nonaccrual loan that has been restructured, if the borrower has six months of 
satisfactory performance under the restructured terms and it is reasonably assured that the borrower will 
continue to be able to comply with the restructured terms, the loan may be returned to accruing status.  The 
nonaccrual policy discussed above applies to all loan classifications. 

 100 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Company 
will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  A loan is 
specifically evaluated for an appropriate valuation allowance if the loan balance is above a prescribed evaluation 
threshold (which varies based on credit quality, accruing status, troubled debt restructured status, and type of 
collateral) and the loan is determined to be impaired.  Impaired loans are measured using either 1) an estimate 
of the cash flows that the Company expects to receive from the borrower discounted at the loan’s effective rate, 
or 2) in the case of a collateral-dependent loan, the fair value of the collateral.  Unless restructured, while a loan 
is considered to be impaired, the Company’s policy is that interest accrual is discontinued and all cash receipts 
are applied to principal.  Once the recorded principal balance has been reduced to zero, future cash receipts are 
applied to recoveries of any amounts previously charged off.  Further cash receipts are recorded as interest 
income to the extent that any interest has been foregone.  Impaired loans that are restructured are returned to 
accruing status in accordance with the restructured terms if the Company believes that the borrower will be 
able to meet the obligations of the restructured loan terms, and the loan has provided generally six months of 
satisfactory payment performance.  The impairment policy discussed above applies to all loan classifications. 

(f) Presold Mortgages in Process of Settlement − As a part of normal business operations, the Company 
originates residential mortgage loans that have been pre-approved by secondary investors to be sold on a best 
efforts basis.  The terms of the loans are set by the secondary investors, and the purchase price that the investor 
will pay for the loan is agreed to prior to the funding of the loan by the Company.  Generally within three weeks 
after funding, the loans are transferred to the investor in accordance with the agreed-upon terms.  The 
Company records gains from the sale of these loans on the settlement date of the sale equal to the difference 
between the proceeds received and the carrying amount of the loan.  The gain generally represents the portion 
of the proceeds attributed to service release premiums received from the investors and the realization of 
origination fees received from borrowers that were deferred as part of the carrying amount of the loan.  
Between the initial funding of the loans by the Company and the subsequent reimbursement by the investors, 
the Company carries the loans on its balance sheet at the lower of cost or market.   

(g)  Loans Held for Sale – Beginning in 2016, the Company began providing loans guaranteed by the Small 
Business Administration (“SBA”) for the purchase of businesses, business startups, business expansion, 
equipment, and working capital.  All SBA loans are underwritten and documented as prescribed by the SBA.  SBA 
loans are generally fully amortizing and have maturity dates and amortizations of up to 25 years.  The portion of 
SBA loans originated that are guaranteed and intended for sale on the secondary market are classified as held 
for sale and are carried at the lower of cost or fair value - there were no such loans held for sale at December 31, 
2016.  The loan participations are sold and the servicing rights are retained.  At the time of the sale, an asset is 
recorded for the value of the servicing rights and is amortized over the remaining life of the loan on the effective 
interest method.  The servicing asset is included in other assets and the amortization of the servicing asset is 
included in non-interest expense.  Servicing fees are recorded in non-interest income.  A gain is recorded for any 
premium received in excess of the carrying value of the net assets transferred in the sale and is also included in 
non-interest income.  The portion of SBA loans that are retained are also adjusted for a retained discount to 
reflect the effective interest rate on the retained unguaranteed portion of the loans. The net value of the 
retained loans is included in the appropriate loan classification for disclosure purposes.  These loans are 
primarily commercial real estate or commercial and industrial. 

Periodically, the Company originates other types of commercial loans and decides to sell them in the secondary 
market.  The Company carries these loans at the lower of cost or fair value at each reporting date.  There were 
no such loans held for sale as of December 31, 2016 or 2015. 

(h) Allowance for Loan Losses − The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses 
charged to expense.  Loans are charged-off against the allowance for loan losses when management believes 
that the collectability of the principal is unlikely.  Recoveries on loans previously charged-off are added back to 
the allowance.  The provision for loan losses charged to operations is an amount sufficient to bring the 

 101 

 
 
 
 
 
allowance for loan losses to an estimated balance considered adequate to absorb losses inherent in the 
portfolio.  Management’s determination of the adequacy of the allowance is based on several factors, including: 

1.  Risk grades assigned to the loans in the portfolio, 
2.  Specific reserves for individually evaluated impaired loans, 
3.  Current economic conditions, including the local, state, and national economic outlook; interest rate 

risk; trends in loan volume, mix and size of loans; levels and trends of delinquencies, 

4.  Historical loan loss experience, and 
5.  An assessment of the risk characteristics of the Company’s loan portfolio, including industry 

concentrations, payment structures, changes in property values, and credit administration practices. 

While management uses the best information available to make evaluations, future adjustments may be 
necessary if economic and other conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used. 

In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the 
Bank’s allowance for loan losses.  Such agencies may require the Bank to recognize additions to the allowance 
based on the examiners’ judgment about information available to them at the time of their examinations. 

(i) Foreclosed Real Estate − Foreclosed real estate consists primarily of real estate acquired by the Company 
through legal foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure.  The property is initially carried at the lower of cost 
(generally the loan balance plus additional costs incurred for improvements to the property) or the estimated 
fair value of the property less estimated selling costs (also see Note 14).  If there are subsequent declines in fair 
value, which is reviewed routinely by management, the property is written down to its fair value through a 
charge to expense.  Capital expenditures made to improve the property are capitalized.  Costs of holding real 
estate, such as property taxes, insurance and maintenance, less related revenues during the holding period, are 
recorded as expense.   

(j) FDIC Indemnification Asset – The FDIC indemnification asset relates to loss share agreements with the FDIC, 
whereby the FDIC has agreed to reimburse to the Company a percentage of the losses related to loans and other 
real estate that the Company assumed in the acquisition of two failed banks.  This indemnification asset is 
measured separately from the loan portfolio and foreclosed real estate because it is not contractually 
embedded in the loans and is not transferable with the loans should the Company choose to dispose of them.  
The carrying value of this receivable at each period end is the sum of:  1) the receivable (payable) related to 
actual loss claims (recoveries) that have been submitted to the FDIC for reimbursement  (repayment) and 2) the  
receivable associated with the Company’s estimated amount of loan and foreclosed real estate losses covered 
by the agreements multiplied by the FDIC reimbursement percentage.  During 2016, the Company and the FDIC 
mutually agreed to terminate the loss share agreements and the remaining $5.7 million FDIC indemnification 
asset was written off and is included in the line “FDIC indemnification asset expense, net” in the accompanying 
consolidated statements of income. 

(k) Income Taxes − Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method.  Deferred tax assets 
and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial 
statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss 
and tax credit carryforwards.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected 
to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or 
settled.  The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the 
period that includes the enactment date.  Deferred tax assets are reduced, if necessary, by the amount of such 
benefits that are not expected to be realized based upon available evidence.  The Company’s investment tax 
credits, which are low income housing tax credits and state historic tax credits, are recorded in the period that 
they are reflected in the Company’s tax returns. 

 102 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(l) Intangible Assets − Business combinations are accounted for using the purchase method of accounting.  
Identifiable intangible assets are recognized separately and are amortized over their estimated useful lives, 
which for the Company has generally been seven to ten years and at an accelerated rate.  Goodwill is recognized 
in business combinations to the extent that the price paid exceeds the fair value of the net assets acquired, 
including any identifiable intangible assets.  Goodwill is not amortized, but as discussed in Note 1(r), is subject to 
fair value impairment tests on at least an annual basis. 

(m) Bank-owned life insurance – The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain current and past 
key employees and directors where the insurance policy benefits and ownership are retained by the employer.  
These policies are recorded at their cash surrender value.  Income from these policies and changes in the net 
cash surrender value are recorded within noninterest income as “Bank-owned life insurance income.” 

(n) Other Investments – The Company accounts for investments in limited partnerships, limited liability 
companies (“LLCs”), and other privately held companies using either the cost or the equity method of 
accounting.  The accounting treatment depends upon the Company’s percentage ownership and degree of 
management influence.  

Under the cost method of accounting, the Company records an investment in stock at cost and generally 
recognizes cash dividends received as income.  If cash dividends received exceed the Company’s relative 
ownership of the investee’s earnings since the investment date, these payments are considered a return of 
investment and reduce the cost of the investment.  

Under the equity method of accounting, the Company records its initial investment at cost.  Subsequently, the 
carrying amount of the investment is increased or decreased to reflect the Company’s share of income or loss of 
the investee.  The Company’s recognition of earnings or losses from an equity method investment is based on 
the Company’s ownership percentage in the investee and the investee’s earnings on a quarterly basis.  The 
investees generally provide their financial information during the quarter following the end of a given period.  
The Company’s policy is to record its share of earnings or losses on equity method investments in the quarter 
the financial information is received.  

All of the Company’s investments in limited partnerships, LLCs, and other companies are privately held, and 
their market values are not readily available.  The Company’s management evaluates its investments in 
investees for impairment based on the investee’s ability to generate cash through its operations or obtain 
alternative financing, and other subjective factors.  There are inherent risks associated with the Company’s 
investments in such companies, which may result in income statement volatility in future periods.  

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company’s investments in limited partnerships, LLCs and other privately 
held companies totaled $3.1 million and $2.3 million, respectively, and were included in other assets.  

(o) Stock Option Plan − At December 31, 2016, the Company had two equity-based employee compensation 
plans, which are described more fully in Note 15.  The Company accounts for these plans under the recognition 
and measurement principles of relevant accounting guidance.    

(p) Per Share Amounts − Basic Earnings Per Common Share is calculated by dividing net income available to 
common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, 
excluding unvested shares of restricted stock.  Diluted Earnings Per Common Share is computed by assuming the 
issuance of common shares for all potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the reporting period.  
For the years presented, the Company’s potentially dilutive common stock issuances related to unvested shares 
of restricted stock and stock option grants under the Company’s equity-based plans and the Company’s Series C 
Preferred stock, which was convertible into common stock on a one-for-one ratio.  As discussed in Note 19, on 

 103 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 22, 2016 each outstanding share of the Company’s Series C Preferred stock was exchanged by the 
holder for an equal number of shares of common stock.   

In computing Diluted Earnings Per Common Share, adjustments are made to the computation of Basic Earnings 
Per Common shares, as follows.  As it relates to unvested shares of restricted stock, the number of shares added 
to the denominator is equal to the number of unvested shares less the assumed number of shares bought back 
by the Company in the open market at the average market price with the amount of proceeds being equal to the 
average deferred compensation for the reporting period.  As it relates to stock options, it is assumed that all 
dilutive stock options are exercised during the reporting period at their respective exercise prices, with the 
proceeds from the exercises used by the Company to buy back stock in the open market at the average market 
price in effect during the reporting period.  The difference between the number of shares assumed to be 
exercised and the number of shares bought back is included in the calculation of dilutive securities.  As it relates 
to the Series C Preferred Stock for the period of time it was outstanding, it is assumed that the preferred stock 
was converted to common stock at the beginning of the reporting period.  Dividends on the preferred stock are 
added back to net income and the shares assumed to be converted are included in the number of shares 
outstanding. 

If any of the potentially dilutive common stock issuances have an anti-dilutive effect, the potentially dilutive 
common stock issuance is disregarded. 

The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in computing Basic and Diluted 
Earnings Per Common Share: 

($ in thousands,        
except per share     
amounts) 

Income 
(Numer-
ator) 

2016 
Shares 
(Denom-
inator) 

Per  
Share 
Amount 

Income 
(Numer-
ator) 

2015 
Shares 
(Denom-
inator) 

Per  
Share 
Amount 

Income 
(Numer-
ator) 

2014 
Shares 
(Denom-
inator) 

Per  
Share 
Amount 

For the Years Ended December 31, 

Basic EPS 
Net income available 
to common 
shareholders 

Effect of dilutive  
  securities 

Diluted EPS per 
common share 

$   27,334 

19,964,727 

$  1.37 

$   26,431 

19,767,470 

$  1.34 

$  24,128 

19,699,801 

$  1.22 

175 

768,190 

233 

732,257 

233 

734,206 

$   27,509 

20,732,917 

$  1.33 

$   26,664 

20,499,727 

$  1.30 

$  24,361 

20,434,007 

$  1.19 

For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, there were 5,000 options, 50,000 options and 93,000 
options, respectively, that were anti-dilutive because the exercise price exceeded the average market price for 
the year, and thus are not included in the calculation to determine the effect of dilutive securities.  Also, for the 
year ended December 31, 2014, the Company excluded 75,000 options that had an exercise price below the 
average market price for the year, but had performance vesting requirements that the Company had concluded 
were not probable to vest, and ultimately did not vest during 2015. 

(q) Fair Value of Financial Instruments − Relevant accounting guidance requires that the Company disclose 
estimated fair values for its financial instruments.  Fair value methods and assumptions are set forth below for 
the Company’s financial instruments. 

Cash and Amounts Due from Banks, Federal Funds Sold, Presold Mortgages in Process of Settlement, Accrued 
Interest Receivable, and Accrued Interest Payable − The carrying amounts approximate their fair value because 
of the short maturity of these financial instruments. 

 104 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available for Sale and Held to Maturity Securities − Fair values are provided by a third-party and are based on 
quoted market prices, where available.  If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on 
quoted market prices of comparable instruments or matrix pricing. 

Loans Held for Sale – Fair values are based on third-party dealer quotes for the loans or loans with similar 
characteristics. 

Loans −  For nonimpaired loans, fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial 
characteristics.  Loans are segregated by type such as commercial, financial and agricultural, real estate 
construction, real estate mortgages and installment loans to individuals.  Each loan category is further 
segmented into fixed and variable interest rate terms.  The fair value for each category is determined by 
discounting scheduled future cash flows using current interest rates offered on loans with similar risk 
characteristics.  Fair values for impaired loans are primarily based on estimated proceeds expected upon 
liquidation of the collateral or the present value of expected cash flows. 

FDIC Indemnification Asset – Fair value is equal to the FDIC reimbursement rate of the expected losses to be 
incurred and reimbursed by the FDIC and then discounted over the estimated period of receipt. 

Bank-Owned Life Insurance – The carrying value of life insurance approximates fair value because this 
investment is carried at cash surrender value, as determined by the issuer. 

Deposits  − The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as noninterest-bearing checking accounts, 
savings accounts, interest-bearing checking accounts, and money market accounts, is equal to the amount 
payable on demand as of the valuation date.  The fair value of certificates of deposit is based on the discounted 
value of contractual cash flows.  The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently offered in the 
marketplace for deposits of similar remaining maturities. 

Borrowings − The fair value of borrowings is based on the discounted value of the contractual cash flows.  The 
discount rate is estimated using the rates currently offered by the Company’s lenders for debt of similar 
maturities. 

Commitments to Extend Credit and Standby Letters of Credit − At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company’s 
off-balance sheet financial instruments had no carrying value.  The large majority of commitments to extend 
credit and standby letters of credit are at variable rates and/or have relatively short terms to maturity.  
Therefore, the fair value for these financial instruments is considered to be immaterial.   

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information 
about the financial instrument.  These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from 
offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument.  Because no 
highly liquid market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates 
are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk 
characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors.  These estimates are subjective in nature and 
involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision.  
Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. 

Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to 
estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered 
financial instruments.  Significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities 
include net premises and equipment, intangible assets and other assets such as foreclosed properties, deferred 
income taxes, prepaid expense accounts, income taxes currently payable and other various accrued expenses.  

 105 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In addition, the income tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a 
significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of the estimates. 

(r) Impairment − Goodwill is evaluated for impairment on at least an annual basis by comparing the fair value of 
the reporting units to their related carrying value.  If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, 
the Company determines whether the implied fair value of the goodwill, using various valuation techniques, 
exceeds the carrying value of the goodwill.  If the carrying value of the goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of 
the goodwill, an impairment loss is recorded in an amount equal to that excess. 

The Company reviews all other long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets, for impairment 
whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.  The 
Company’s policy is that an impairment loss is recognized if the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows is 
less than the carrying amount of the asset.  Any long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of 
the carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell.   

To date, the Company has not recorded any impairment write-downs of its long-lived assets or goodwill.   

(s) Comprehensive Income (Loss)  − Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a 
period for non-owner transactions and is divided into net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss).  
Other comprehensive income (loss) includes revenues, expenses, gains, and losses that are excluded from 
earnings under current accounting standards.  The components of accumulated other comprehensive income 
(loss) for the Company are as follows: 

($ in thousands) 

Unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale 
     Deferred tax asset (liability) 
Net unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale 

December 31, 
2016 

 $    (3,085) 
1,138 
(1,947) 

December 31, 
2015 
     (1,163) 
454 
(709) 

December 31, 
2014 
       (691) 
270 
(421) 

Additional pension asset (liability) 
     Deferred tax asset (liability) 
Net additional pension asset (liability) 

(5,012) 
1,852 
(3,160) 

(4,657) 
1,816 
(2,841) 

(257) 
100 
(157) 

Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 

$     (5,107) 

     (3,550) 

      (578) 

The following table discloses the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended 
December 31, 2016 (all amounts are net of tax). 

($ in thousands) 

Beginning balance at January 1, 2016 
     Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 
     Amounts reclassified from accumulated other 

comprehensive income 

Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) 

Unrealized Gain 
(Loss) on 
Securities 
Available for Sale 
 $          (709) 
(1,236) 

(2) 
(1,238) 

Additional 
Pension Asset 
(Liability) 

(2,841) 
(442) 

123 
(319) 

Total 

(3,550) 
(1,678) 

121 
(1,557) 

Ending balance at December 31, 2016 

$         (1,947)   

(3,160)  

     (5,107)   

 106 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table discloses the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended 
December 31, 2015 (all amounts are net of tax). 

($ in thousands) 

Beginning balance at January 1, 2015 
     Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 
     Amounts reclassified from accumulated other 

comprehensive income 

Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) 

Unrealized Gain 
(Loss) on 
Securities 
Available for Sale 
 $          (421) 
(289) 

1 
(288) 

Additional 
Pension Asset 
(Liability) 

(157) 
(2,636) 

(48) 
(2,684) 

Total 

(578) 
(2,925) 

(47) 
(2,972) 

Ending balance at December 31, 2015 

$         (709)   

(2,841)  

     (3,550)   

(t) Segment Reporting − Accounting standards require management to report selected financial and descriptive 
information about reportable operating segments.  The standards also require related disclosures about 
products and services, geographic areas, and major customers.  Generally, disclosures are required for segments 
internally identified to evaluate performance and resource allocation.  The Company’s operations are primarily 
within the banking segment, and the financial statements presented herein reflect the results of that segment.  
The Company has no foreign operations or customers. 

(u) Reclassifications − Certain amounts for prior years have been reclassified to conform to the 2016 
presentation.  The reclassifications had no effect on net income or shareholders’ equity as previously presented, 
nor did they materially impact trends in financial information. 

(v) Recent Accounting Pronouncements − In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) 
issued guidance to change the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers.  The core principle of the 
new guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to reflect the transfer of goods and services to 
customers in an amount equal to the consideration the entity receives or expects to receive.  The guidance will 
be effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017.  The Company can apply 
the guidance using a full retrospective approach or a modified retrospective approach.  The Company does not 
expect these amendments to have a material effect on its financial statements. 

In June 2014, the FASB issued guidance which clarifies that performance targets associated with stock 
compensation should be treated as a performance condition and should not be reflected in the grant date fair 
value of the stock award.  The amendments were effective for the Company on January 1, 2016 for all stock 
awards granted or modified after January 1, 2016.  The Company’s adoption of these amendments did not have 
a material effect on its financial statements. 

In January 2015, the FASB issued guidance to eliminate from U.S. GAAP the concept of an extraordinary item, 
which is an event or transaction that is both (1) unusual in nature and (2) infrequently occurring.  Under the new 
guidance, an entity will no longer (1) segregate an extraordinary item from the results of ordinary operations; (2) 
separately present an extraordinary item on its income statement, net of tax, after income from continuing 
operations; or (3) disclose income taxes and earnings-per-share data applicable to an extraordinary item.  The 
amendments were effective for the Company on January 1, 2016, and did not have a material effect on its 
financial statements. 

In February 2015, the FASB issued guidance which amends the consolidation requirements and significantly 
changes the consolidation analysis required under U.S. GAAP.  Specifically, the amendments: (i) modify the 
evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are variable interest entities (“VIEs”) or 
voting interest entities; (ii) eliminate the presumption that a general partner should consolidate a limited 
partnership; (iii) affect the consolidation analysis of reporting entities that are involved with VIEs, particularly 

 107 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
those that have fee arrangements and related party  relationships; and (iv) provide a scope exception from 
consolidation guidance for reporting entities with interests in legal entities that are required to comply with or 
operate in accordance with requirements that are similar to those in Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act 
of 1940 for registered money market funds.  The amendments were expected to result in the deconsolidation of 
many entities.  The amendments were effective for the Company on January 1, 2016.  The adoption of these 
amendments did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements. 

In April 2015, the FASB issued guidance that will require debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability 
to be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability. This 
update affects disclosures related to debt issuance costs but does not affect existing recognition and 
measurement guidance for these items.  The amendments were effective for the Company on January 1, 2016. 
The Company’s adoption of these amendments did not have a material effect on its financial statements. 

In April 2015, the FASB issued guidance which provides a practical expedient that permits the Company to 
measure defined benefit plan assets and obligations using the month-end that is closest to the Company’s fiscal 
year-end. The amendments were effective for the Company on January 1, 2016.  The Company’s adoption of 
these amendments did not have a material effect on its financial statements. 

In September 2015, the FASB amended the Business Combinations topic of the Accounting Standards 
Codification to simplify the accounting for adjustments made to provisional amounts recognized in a business 
combination by eliminating the requirement to retrospectively account for those adjustments. The amendments 
were effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015, 
with early adoption permitted for financial statements that have not been issued.  All entities are required to 
apply the amendments prospectively to adjustments to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date.  
The amendment was effective for the Company on January 1, 2016 and these amendments did not have a 
material effect on its financial statements. 

In January 2016, the FASB amended the Financial Instruments topic of the Accounting Standards Codification to 
address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments.  This 
update is intended to improve the recognition and measurement of financial instruments and it requires an 
entity to: (i) measure equity investments at fair value through net income, with certain exceptions; (ii) present in 
other comprehensive income the changes in instrument-specific credit risk for financial liabilities measured 
using the fair value option; (iii) present financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and 
form of financial asset; (iv) calculate the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes based on an 
exit price and; (v) assess a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets related to unrealized losses of AFS debt 
securities in combination with other deferred tax assets.  The guidance also provides an election to subsequently 
measure certain nonmarketable equity investments at cost less any impairment and adjusted for certain 
observable price changes and requires a qualitative impairment assessment of such equity investments and 
amends certain fair value disclosure requirements. The amendments will be effective for fiscal years beginning 
after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company will apply the 
guidance by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year 
of adoption. The amendments related to equity securities without readily determinable fair values will be 
applied prospectively to equity investments that exist as of the date of adoption of the amendments.  The 
Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its financial statements. 

In February 2016, the FASB issued new guidance on accounting for leases, which generally requires all leases to 
be recognized in the statement of financial position by recording an asset representing its right to use the 
underlying asset and recording a liability, which represents the Company’s obligation to make lease payments. 
The provisions of this guidance are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018; early 
adoption is permitted.  These provisions are to be applied using a modified retrospective approach.  The 

 108 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Company is evaluating the effect that this new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements, but 
does not expect it will have a material effect on its financial statements. 

In March 2016, the FASB amended the Liabilities topic of the Accounting Standards Codification to address the 
current and potential future diversity in practice related to the derecognition of a prepaid stored-value product 
liability.  The amendments will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after 
December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company will apply the guidance 
using a modified retrospective transition method by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained 
earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which the guidance is effective to each period presented.  The 
Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its financial statements. 

In March 2016, the FASB amended the Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures topic of the Accounting 
Standards Codification to eliminate the requirement to retroactively adopt the equity method of accounting and 
instead apply the equity method of accounting starting with the date it qualifies for that method. The 
amendments are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after 
December 15, 2016.  The Company will apply the guidance prospectively upon their effective date to increases 
in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence that result in the adoption of the equity method.  The 
Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its financial statements. 

In March 2016, the FASB amended the Revenue from Contracts with Customers topic of the Accounting 
Standards Codification to clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations and 
address how an entity should assess whether it is the principal or the agent in contracts that include three or 
more parties. The amendments will be effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after 
December 15, 2017.  The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its financial 
statements. 

In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment 
award transactions including the income tax consequences, the classification of awards as either equity or 
liabilities, and the classification on the statement of cash flows.  Additionally, the guidance simplifies two areas 
specific to entities other than public business entities allowing them apply a practical expedient to estimate the 
expected term for all awards with performance or service conditions that have certain characteristics and also 
allowing them to make a one-time election to switch from measuring all liability-classified awards at fair value to 
measuring them at intrinsic value.  The amendments will be effective for the Company for annual periods 
beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods.  The Company does not 
expect these amendments to have a material effect on its financial statements. 

In April 2016, the FASB amended the Revenue from Contracts with Customers topic of the Accounting Standards 
Codification to clarify the guidance related to identifying performance obligations and accounting for licenses of 
intellectual property.  The amendments will be effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after 
December 15, 2017.  The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its financial 
statements. 

In May 2016, the FASB amended the Revenue from Contracts with Customers topic of the Accounting Standards 
Codification to clarify guidance related to collectability, noncash consideration, presentation of sales tax, and 
transition. The amendments will be effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 
15, 2017.  The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its financial 
statements. 

In June 2016, the FASB issued guidance to change the accounting for credit losses.  The guidance requires an 
entity to utilize a new impairment model known as the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model to estimate 
its lifetime "expected credit loss" and record an allowance that, when deducted from the amortized cost basis of 

 109 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
the financial asset, presents the net amount expected to be collected on the financial asset.  The CECL model is 
expected to result in earlier recognition of credit losses.  The guidance also requires new disclosures for financial 
assets measured at amortized cost, loans and available-for-sale debt securities.  The updated guidance is 
effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods 
within those fiscal years.  Early adoption is permitted.  Entities will apply the standard's provisions as a 
cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the 
guidance is adopted.  The Company is currently evaluating the effect that implementation of the new standard 
will have on its financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. 

In August 2016, the FASB amended the Statement of Cash Flows topic of the Accounting Standards Codification 
to clarify how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash 
flows. The amendments will be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, 
including interim periods within those years. The Company does not expect these amendments to have a 
material effect on its financial statements. 

In October 2016, the FASB amended the Consolidation topic of the Accounting Standards Codification to revise 
the consolidation guidance on how a reporting entity that is the single decision maker of a variable interest 
entity (VIE) should treat indirect interests in the entity held through related parties that are under common 
control with the reporting entity when determining whether it is the primary beneficiary of that VIE.  The 
amendments will be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 including 
interim periods within those fiscal years.  Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect these 
amendments to have a material effect on its financial statements. 

In November 2016, the FASB amended the Statement of Cash Flows topic of the Accounting Standards 
Codification to clarify how restricted cash is presented and classified in the statement of cash flows.  The 
amendments will be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 including 
interim periods within those fiscal years.  Early adoption is permitted.  The Company does not expect these 
amendments to have a material effect on its financial statements. 

In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding 
guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or 
disposals) of assets or businesses.  The amendment to the Business Combinations Topic is intended to address 
concerns that the existing definition of a business has been applied too broadly and has resulted in many 
transactions being recorded as business acquisitions that in substance are more akin to asset acquisitions.  The 
guidance will be effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017.  Early 
adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its 
financial statements. 

In January 2017, the FASB updated the Accounting Changes and Error Corrections and the Investments—Equity 
Method and Joint Ventures Topics of the Accounting Standards Codification.  The ASU incorporates into the 
Accounting Standards Codification recent SEC guidance about disclosing, under SEC SAB Topic 11.M, the effect 
on financial statements of adopting the revenue, leases, and credit losses standards.  The ASU was effective 
upon issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on additional disclosure requirements as each of 
the standards is adopted, however it does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its 
financial position, results of operations or cash flows. 

In January 2017, the FASB issued amended the Goodwill and Other Topic of the Accounting Standards 
Codification to simplify the accounting for goodwill impairment for public business entities and other entities 
that have goodwill reported in their financial statements and have not elected the private company alternative 
for the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The amendment removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. 
The amount of goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds 

 110 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill.  The effective date and transition requirements for 
the technical corrections will be effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 
2019.  Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates 
after January 1, 2017.  The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its 
financial statements. 

Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies 
are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash 
flows. 

Note 2.  Acquisitions  

Since January 1, 2016, the Company completed the acquisitions described below.  The Company did not 
complete any acquisitions in 2014 or 2015.  The results of each acquired company/branch are included in the 
Company’s results beginning on its respective acquisition date.  

(1)  On January 1, 2016, First Bank Insurance completed the acquisition of Bankingport, Inc. (“Bankingport”).  
The results of Bankingport are included in First Bancorp’s results for the twelve months ended December 
31, 2016 beginning on the January 1, 2016 acquisition date.   

Bankingport was an insurance agency based in Sanford, North Carolina.  This acquisition represented an 
opportunity to expand the insurance agency operations into a contiguous and significant banking market 
for the Company.  Also, this acquisition provided the Company with a larger platform for leveraging 
insurance services throughout the Company’s bank branch network.  The deal value was $2.2 million and 
the transaction was completed on January 1, 2016 with the Company paying $700,000 in cash and issuing 
79,012 shares of its common stock, which had a value of approximately $1.5 million.  In connection with 
the acquisition, the Company also paid $1.1 million to purchase the office space previously leased by 
Bankingport. 

This acquisition has been accounted for using the purchase method of accounting for business 
combinations, and accordingly, the assets and liabilities of Bankingport were recorded based on estimates 
of fair values as of January 1, 2016.  In connection with this transaction, the Company recorded $1.7 
million in goodwill, which is non-deductible for tax purposes, and $0.7 million in other amortizable 
intangible assets. 

(2)  On May 5, 2016, the Company completed the acquisition of SBA Complete.  The results of SBA Complete 
are included in First Bancorp’s results for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 beginning on the 
May 5, 2016 acquisition date.  SBA Complete is a consulting firm that specializes in consulting with 
financial institutions across the country related to SBA loan origination and servicing.  The deal value was 
approximately $8.5 million with the Company paying $1.5 million in cash and issuing 199,829 shares of its 
common stock, which had a value of approximately $4.0 million.  Per the terms of the agreement, the 
Company has also recorded an earn-out liability valued at $3.0 million, which will be paid in shares of 
Company stock in annual distributions over a three-year period if pre-determined goals are met for those 
three years. 

This acquisition has been accounted for using the purchase method of accounting for business 
combinations, and accordingly, the assets and liabilities of SBA Complete were recorded based on 
estimates of fair values, which according to applicable accounting guidance, are subject to change for 
twelve months following the acquisition.  In connection with this transaction, the Company recorded $5.6 
million in goodwill, which is non-deductible for tax purposes, and $2.0 million in other amortizable 
intangible assets. 

 111 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
(3)  On July 15, 2016, the Company completed a branch exchange with First Community Bank headquartered 
in Bluefield, Virginia.  In the branch exchange transaction, the Bank acquired six of First Community 
Bank’s branches located in North Carolina, while concurrently selling seven of its branches in the 
southwestern area of Virginia to First Community Bank.   

In connection with the sale, the Company sold $150.6 million in loans, $5.7 million in premises and 
equipment and $134.3 million in deposits to First Community Bank.  In connection with the sale, the 
Company received a deposit premium of $3.8 million, removed $1.0 million of allowance for loan losses 
associated with the sold loans, allocated and wrote-off $3.5 million of previously recorded goodwill, and 
recorded a net gain of $1.5 million in this transaction. 

In connection with the purchase transaction, the Company acquired assets with a fair value of $157.2 
million, including $152.2 million in loans and $3.4 million in premises and equipment.  Additionally, the 
Company assumed $111.3 million in deposits and $0.2 million in other liabilities.  In connection with the 
purchase, the Company recorded: i) a discount on acquired loans of $1.5 million, ii) a premium on 
deposits of $0.3 million, iii) a $1.2 million core deposit intangible, iv) and $5.4 million in goodwill. 

The branch acquisition has been accounted for using the purchase method of accounting for business 
combinations, and accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the acquired branches were recorded on the 
Company’s balance sheet at their fair values as of July 15, 2016 and the related results of operations for 
the acquired branches have been included in the Company’s consolidated statement of comprehensive 
income since that date.  The goodwill recorded in the branch exchange is deductible for tax purposes. 

(4)  On March 3, 2017, the Company completed its acquisition of Carolina Bank Holdings, Inc. (“Carolina 

Bank”), headquartered in Greensboro, North Carolina, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger and 
Reorganization dated June 21, 2016.  The total merger consideration consisted of $25.3 million in cash 
and 3.8 million shares of the Company’s common stock, with each share of Carolina Bank common stock 
being exchanged for either $20.00 in cash or 1.002 shares of the Company’s stock, subject to the total 
consideration being 75% stock / 25% cash.  Carolina Bank operates eight branches located in Greensboro, 
High Point, Burlington, Winston-Salem, and Asheboro, North Carolina and also operates three mortgage 
offices in North Carolina.  The acquisition is a natural extension of the Company’s recent expansion into 
these high-growth areas.  As of December 31, 2016, Carolina Bank had $705 million in total assets, $530 
million in gross loans, and $598 million in total deposits.  As of the filing of this annual report, the 
Company has not completed the fair value measurements of Carolina Bank’s assets, liabilities and 
identifiable intangible assets. 

 112 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 3.  Securities 

The book values and approximate fair values of investment securities at December 31, 2016 and 2015 are 
summarized as follows: 

($ in thousands) 

Securities available for sale: 
  Government-sponsored 
enterprise securities 
  Mortgage-backed securities 
  Corporate bonds 
  Equity securities 
Total available for sale 

Securities held to maturity: 
  Mortgage-backed securities 
  State and local governments 
Total held to maturity 

2016 

2015 

Amortized 
Cost 

Fair  
Value 

Unrealized 

Gains 

(Losses) 

Amortized 
Cost 

Fair  
Value 

Unrealized 

Gains 

(Losses) 

$      17,497 
151,001 
33,833 
83 
$    202,414 

17,490 
148,065 
33,600 
174 
199,329 

̶ 
155 
91 
96 
342 

(7) 
(3,091) 
(324) 
(5) 
(3,427) 

      19,000 
122,474 
25,216 
88 
    166,778 

18,972 
121,553 
24,946 
143 
165,614 

$      80,585 
     49,128 
$    129,713 

79,283 
50,912 
130,195 

̶     
1,815 
1,815 

(1,302) 
(31)   
(1,333) 

    102,509 
     52,101 
    154,610 

101,767 
55,379 
157,146 

1 
348 
̶     

64 
413 

̶     
3,284 
3,284 

(29) 
(1,269) 
(270) 
(9) 
(1,577) 

(742) 
(6)   
(748) 

All of the Company’s mortgage-backed securities, including the collateralized mortgage obligations, were issued 
by government-sponsored corporations. 

The following table presents information regarding securities with unrealized losses at December 31, 2016: 

($ in thousands) 

Securities in an Unrealized 
Loss Position for 
 Less than 12 Months 

Securities in an Unrealized 
Loss Position for 
More than 12 Months 

Total 

  Government-sponsored enterprise 

securities 

  Mortgage-backed securities 
  Corporate bonds 
  Equity securities 
  State and local governments 
      Total temporarily impaired securities 

Fair Value 

$         7,990 
196,999 
27,027 
− 
801 
$     232,817 

Unrealized 
Losses 

Fair Value 

Unrealized 
Losses 

Fair Value 

Unrealized 
Losses 

7 
3,841 
259 
− 
31 
4,138 

– 
19,001 
935 
7 
– 
19,943 

– 
552 
65 
5 
– 
622 

7,990 
216,000 
27,962 
7 
801 
252,760 

7 
4,393 
324 
5 
31 
4,760 

The following table presents information regarding securities with unrealized losses at December 31, 2015: 

($ in thousands) 

Securities in an Unrealized 
Loss Position for 
 Less than 12 Months 

Securities in an Unrealized 
Loss Position for 
More than 12 Months 

Total 

  Government-sponsored enterprise 

securities 

  Mortgage-backed securities 
  Corporate bonds 
  Equity securities 
  State and local governments 
      Total temporarily impaired securities 

Fair Value 

$         5,993 
150,853 
24,006 
− 
840 
$     181,692 

Unrealized 
Losses 

Fair Value 

Unrealized 
Losses 

Fair Value 

Unrealized 
Losses 

7 
1,148 
210 
− 
6 
1,371 

2,978 
27,460 
940 
17 
– 
31,395 

22 
863 
60 
9 
– 
954 

8,971 
178,313 
24,946 
17 
840 
213,087 

29 
2,011 
270 
9 
6 
2,325 

In the above tables, all of the non-equity securities that were in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 
2016 and 2015 are bonds that the Company has determined are in a loss position due primarily to interest rate 
factors and not credit quality concerns.  The Company has evaluated the collectability of each of these bonds 

 113 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
              
 
 
              
 
 
              
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
and has concluded that there is no other-than-temporary impairment.  The Company does not intend to sell 
these securities, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities 
before recovery of the amortized cost. 

The Company has concluded that each of the equity securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 
2016 and 2015 was in such a position due to temporary fluctuations in the market prices of the securities.  The 
Company’s policy is to record an impairment charge for any of these equity securities that remains in an 
unrealized loss position for twelve consecutive months unless the amount is insignificant. 

The book values and approximate fair values of investment securities at December 31, 2016, by contractual 
maturity, are summarized in the table below.  Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities 
because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. 

($ in thousands) 

Debt securities 

Due within one year 
Due after one year but within five years 
Due after five years but within ten years 
Due after ten years 
Mortgage-backed securities 
Total debt securities 

Equity securities 

Total securities 

Securities Available for Sale 
Amortized 
Cost 

Fair 
Value 

Securities Held to Maturity 

Amortized  
Cost 

Fair 
Value 

$                    − 
17,497 
28,833 
5,000 
151,001 
202,331 

83 
$       202,414 

− 
17,490 
28,682 
4,918 
148,065 
199,155 

174 
199,329 

$           2,016 
16,256 
29,690 
1,166 
80,585 
129,713 

̶  
$      129,713 

2,028 
16,767 
30,981 
1,136 
79,283  
130,195 

̶  
130,195 

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, investment securities with carrying values of $147,009,000 and $141,379,000, 
respectively, were pledged as collateral for public deposits.   

In 2016, the Company received proceeds from sales of securities of $8,000 and recorded $3,000 in gains from 
the sales.  In 2015, the Company recorded $1,000 in securities losses associated with write-downs and did not 
sell any securities.  In 2014, the Company initiated security sales totaling $47,473,000, which resulted in net 
gains of $786,000 in 2014.   

Included in “other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are cost-method investments in Federal Home 
Loan Bank (“FHLB”) and Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond (“FRB”) stock totaling $19,826,000 and $15,893,000 
at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  The FHLB stock had a cost and fair value of $12,588,000 and 
$8,846,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and serves as part of the collateral for the Company’s 
line of credit with the FHLB and is also a requirement for membership in the FHLB system.  The FRB stock had a 
cost and fair value of $7,238,000 and $7,047,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  Periodically, 
both the FHLB and FRB recalculate the Company’s required level of holdings, and the Company either buys more 
stock or the redeems a portion of the stock at cost.  The Company determined that neither stock was impaired 
at either period end. 

 114 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 4.  Loans and Asset Quality Information 

Prior to September 22, 2016, the Company’s banking subsidiary, First Bank, had certain loans and foreclosed real 
estate that were covered by loss share agreements between the FDIC and First Bank which afforded First Bank 
significant loss protection - see Note 2 to the financial statements included in the Company’s 2011 Annual 
Report on Form 10-K for detailed information regarding FDIC-assisted purchase transactions.  On July 1, 2014, 
the loss share provisions associated with non-single family assets related to the 2009 failed bank acquisition of 
Cooperative Bank expired.  On April 1, 2016, the loss share provisions associated with non-single family assets 
related to the 2011 failed bank acquisition of The Bank of Asheville expired.  On September 22, 2016, the 
Company terminated all of the loss share agreements with the FDIC, such that all future losses and recoveries on 
loans and foreclosed real estate associated with the failed banks acquired through FDIC-assisted transactions 
will be borne solely by First Bank.  As a result of the termination of the agreements, the Company recorded a 
charge of $5.7 million, which primarily related to the write-off of the remaining indemnification asset associated 
with the agreements, and is included in the indemnification asset expense amount of $10.3 million in the 
Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2016. 

In the information presented below, the term “covered” is used to describe assets that were subject to FDIC loss 
share agreements, while the term “non-covered” refers to the Company’s legacy assets, which were not 
included in any type of loss share arrangement.  As discussed previously, all loss share agreements were 
terminated during 2016 and thus the entire loan portfolio is now classified as non-covered.  Certain prior period 
disclosures will continue to present the breakout of the loan portfolio between covered and non-covered.   

As a result of the termination of all loss share agreements, the remaining balances associated with those loans 
and foreclosed real estate were reclassified from the covered portfolio to the non-covered portfolio.  Balances 
related to the expired agreements and the termination of all remaining agreements as of the respective dates is 
as follows:   

Carrying value of total covered loans transferred to non-covered 
Covered nonaccrual loans transferred to non-covered 
Covered foreclosed real estate transferred to non-covered 
Allowance for loan losses associated with covered loans transferred to 

allowance for non-covered loans 

Cooperative 
Bank non-single 
family 
agreement 
termination 
July 1, 2014 
$   39,700 
9,700 
3,000 

Bank of 
Asheville non-
single family 
agreement 
termination 
April 1, 2016 
17,737 
2,785 
1,165 

1,700 

307 

Remaining loss 
share agreement 
terminations 
September 22, 
2016 

78,387 
4,194 
385 

1,074 

 115 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following is a summary of the major categories of total loans outstanding: 

($ in thousands) 

All  loans (non-covered and covered): 

Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – construction, land 

development & other land loans 
Real estate – mortgage – residential (1-4 

December 31, 2016 

December 31, 2015 

Amount 

Percentage 

Amount 

Percentage 

$    261,813 

9% 

$    202,671 

354,667 

13% 

308,969 

family) first mortgages 

750,679 

28% 

768,559 

Real estate – mortgage – home equity loans 

/ lines of credit 

239,105 

9% 

232,601 

Real estate – mortgage – commercial and 

other 

Installment loans to individuals 
    Subtotal 
Unamortized net deferred loan costs (fees) 

    Total loans 

1,049,460 
55,037 
2,710,761 
(49) 
$ 2,710,712 

39% 
2% 
100% 

957,587 
47,666 
2,518,053 
873 
   $ 2,518,926 

8% 

12% 

31% 

9% 

38% 
2% 
100% 

Loans in the amount of $2.4 billion and $2.0 billion were pledged as collateral for certain borrowings as of 
December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively (see Note 10). 

The loans above also include loans to executive officers and directors serving the Company at December 31, 
2016 and to their associates, totaling approximately $2.6 million and $3.6 million at December 31, 2016 and 
2015, respectively.  During 2016 additions to such loans were approximately $0.3 million and repayments 
totaled approximately $1.3 million.  These loans were made on substantially the same terms, including interest 
rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other non-related 
borrowers.  Management does not believe these loans involve more than the normal risk of collectability or 
present other unfavorable features. 

The following is a summary of the major categories of loans outstanding allocated to the non-covered and 
covered loan portfolios for periods when the FDIC loss share agreements were in effect at December 31, 2015.  
There were no covered loans at December 31, 2016. 

($ in thousands) 

December 31, 2015 

Non-covered 

Covered 

Total 

Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – construction, land 

development & other land loans 
Real estate – mortgage – residential (1-4 

family) first mortgages 

Real estate – mortgage – home equity 

loans / lines of credit 

Real estate – mortgage – commercial and 

other 

Installment loans to individuals 
    Subtotal 
Unamortized net deferred loan costs 
    Total 

$    201,798 

    873 

202,671 

305,228 

3,741 

308,969 

692,902 

75,657 

768,559 

221,995 

10,606 

232,601 

945,823 
47,666 
2,415,412 
873 
$ 2,416,285 

11,764 
– 
102,641 
– 
102,641 

957,587 
47,666 
2,518,053 
873 
2,518,926 

 116 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As a result of the termination of the FDIC loss share agreements during the third quarter of 2016, there were no 
covered loans at December 31, 2016.  The follow presents the carrying amount of the covered loans at December 
31, 2015 detailed by impaired and nonimpaired purchased loans (as determined on the date of the acquisition): 

($ in thousands) 

Covered loans: 
Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – construction, land 

development & other land loans 
Real estate – mortgage – residential (1-4 

family) first mortgages 

Real estate – mortgage – home equity loans 

/ lines of credit 

Real estate – mortgage – commercial and 

other 
     Total  

Impaired 
Purchased 
Loans – 
Carrying 
Value 

$           − 

277 

102 

7 

Impaired 
Purchased 
Loans – 
Unpaid 
Principal 
Balance 

Nonimpaired 
Purchased 
Loans – 
Carrying 
Value 

Nonimpaired 
Purchased 
Loans - 
Unpaid 
Principal 
Balance 

Total 
Covered 
Loans – 
Carrying 
Value 

Total 
Covered 
Loans – 
Unpaid 
Principal 
Balance 

− 

365 

633 

14 

873 

3,464 

75,555 

10,599 

10,761 
101,252 

886 

873 

886 

3,457 

3,741 

3,822 

88,434 

75,657 

89,067 

12,099 

10,606 

12,113 

11,458 
116,334 

11,764 
102,641 

14,594 
120,482 

1,003 
$    1,389 

3,136 
4,148 

The following table presents information regarding covered purchased nonimpaired loans since December 31, 
2014.  The amounts include principal only and do not reflect accrued interest as of the date of the acquisition or 
beyond.  All balances of covered loans were transferred to non-covered as of the termination of the loss share 
agreements. 

($ in thousands) 

Carrying amount of nonimpaired covered loans at December 31, 2014 
Principal repayments 
Transfers to foreclosed real estate 
Net loan recoveries 
Accretion of loan discount 
Carrying amount of nonimpaired covered loans at December 31, 2015 
Principal repayments 
Transfers to foreclosed real estate 
Net loan recoveries 
Accretion of loan discount 
Transfer to non-covered loans due to expiration of loss-share agreement, April 1, 2016 
Transfer to non-covered loans due to termination of loss-share agreements, September 22, 2016 

Carrying amount of nonimpaired covered loans at December 31, 2016 

$         125,644 
(30,238) 
(1,211) 
2,306 
4,751 
          101,252 
(7,997) 
(1,036) 
1,784 
1,908 
(17,530) 
(78,381) 

$                   – 

As reflected in the table above, the Company accreted $1,908,000 of the loan discount on covered purchased 
nonimpaired loans into interest income during 2016 prior to the termination of the loss share agreements.  Total 
loan discount accretion for all loans amounted to $4,451,000, $4,751,000 and $16,009,000 for the years ended 
December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. 

As of December 31, 2016, there was a remaining loan discount of $11,258,000 related to purchased accruing 
loans, which is expected to be accreted into interest income over the lives of the respective loans.  At December 
31, 2016, the Company also had $795,000 of loan discount related to purchased nonaccruing loans, which the 
Company does not expect will be accreted into income. 

 117 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents information regarding all purchased impaired loans since December 31, 2014.  The 
Company has applied the cost recovery method to all purchased impaired loans at their respective acquisition 
dates due to the uncertainty as to the timing of expected cash flows, as reflected in the following table.   

($ in thousands) 

Purchased Impaired Loans 
Balance at December 31, 2014 
Change due to payments received 
Transfer to foreclosed real estate 
Other 
Balance at December 31, 2015 
Change due to payments received 
Change due to loan charge-off 
Balance at December 31, 2016 

Fair Market 
Value 
Adjustment – 
Write Down 
(Nonaccretable 
Difference) 
3,262 
(102) 
(336) 
(3) 
2,821 
(2,367) 
(358) 
96 

Contractual 
Principal 
Receivable 
$        5,859 
(634) 
(431) 
(3) 
$        4,791 
(3,753) 
(428) 
$           610 

Carrying 
Amount 
2,597 
(532) 
(95) 
− 
1,970 
(1,386) 
(70) 
514 

Because of the uncertainty of the expected cash flows, the Company is accounting for each purchased impaired 
loan under the cost recovery method, in which all cash payments are applied to principal.  Thus, there is no 
accretable yield associated with the above loans.  During 2016, the Company received $1,160,000 in payments 
that exceeded the carrying amount of the related purchased impaired loans, of which $786,000 was recognized 
as discount accretion loan interest income and $374,000 was recorded as additional loan interest income.  
During 2015, the Company received $332,000 in payments that exceeded the carrying amount of the related 
purchased impaired loans, of which $275,000 was recognized as discount accretion loan interest income and 
$57,000 was recorded as additional loan interest income.   

Nonperforming assets are defined as nonaccrual loans, restructured loans, loans past due 90 or more days and 
still accruing interest, nonperforming loans held for sale, and foreclosed real estate.  Nonperforming assets are 
summarized as follows: 

ASSET QUALITY DATA ($ in thousands) 

Nonperforming assets 
Nonaccrual loans 
Restructured loans - accruing 
Accruing loans > 90 days past due 
     Total nonperforming loans 
Foreclosed real estate 

Total nonperforming assets 

December 31,  
2016 

December 31,    
2015 

$     27,468 
22,138 
−    
49,606 
9,532 
$     59,138  

     47,810 
31,489 
−    
79,299 
9,994 
     89,293  

Total covered nonperforming assets included above (1) 

$              – 

   12,100    

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
 (1)  All FDIC loss share agreements were terminated effective September 22, 2016 and, accordingly, assets previously covered under those agreements 
became non-covered on that date. 

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had $1.7 million and $2.5 million in residential mortgage loans in 
process of foreclosure, respectively. 

 118 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If the nonaccrual and restructured loans as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 had been current in 
accordance with their original terms and had been outstanding throughout the period (or since origination if 
held for part of the period), gross interest income in the amounts of approximately $1,893,000, $3,213,000, and 
$4,115,000 for nonaccrual loans and $1,417,000, $2,044,000, and $3,045,000, for restructured loans would have 
been recorded for 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.  Interest income on such loans that was actually collected 
and included in net income in 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to approximately $266,000, $575,000, and 
$1,176,000 for nonaccrual loans (prior to their being placed on nonaccrual status), and $423,000, $1,392,000, 
and $2,003,000 for restructured loans, respectively.  At December 31, 2016 and 2015, there were no 
commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans were nonperforming. 

The following is a summary the Company’s nonaccrual loans by major categories.   

($ in thousands) 

Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – construction, land development & other land loans 
Real estate – mortgage – residential (1-4 family) first mortgages 
Real estate – mortgage – home equity loans / lines of credit 
Real estate – mortgage – commercial and other 
Installment loans to individuals 

  Total 

Total covered nonaccrual loans included above  

December 31, 
2016 
$           1,842 
2,945 
16,017 
2,355 
4,208 
101 
$        27,468 

$                  – 

December 31, 
2015 

2,964 
4,704 
23,829 
3,525 
12,571 
217 
47,810 

7,816 

The following table presents an analysis of the payment status of the Company’s loans as of December 31, 2016.   

($ in thousands) 

Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – construction, land development & other 

land loans 

Real estate – mortgage – residential (1-4 family) first 

mortgages 

Real estate – mortgage – home equity loans / lines of 

credit 

Real estate – mortgage – commercial and other 
Installment loans to individuals 

  Total  

Unamortized net deferred loan fees  

           Total loans 

30-59 
Days Past 
Due 

60-89 Days 
Past Due 

Nonaccrual 
Loans 

Current 

Total Loans 
Receivable 

$          92 

– 

          1,842 

259,879 

261,813 

473 

4,487 

1,751 
1,482 
186 
$    8,471 

168 

443 

178 
449 
193 
1,431 

2,945 

351,081 

354,667 

16,017 

729,732 

750,679 

2,355 
4,208 
101 
27,468 

234,821 
1,043,321 
54,557 
2,673,391 

239,105 
1,049,460 
55,037 

2,710,761 
(49) 
$       2,710,712 

The Company had no covered loans and no loans that were past due greater than 90 days and accruing interest 
at December 31, 2016. 

 119 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents an analysis of the payment status of the Company’s loans as of December 31, 2015.   

($ in thousands) 

Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – construction, land development & other 

land loans 

Real estate – mortgage – residential (1-4 family) first 

mortgages 

Real estate – mortgage – home equity loans / lines of 

credit 

Real estate – mortgage – commercial and other 
Installment loans to individuals 

  Total loans 

Unamortized net deferred loan costs  

           Total loans 

Covered loans included above  

30-59 
Days Past 
Due 

60-89 Days 
Past Due 

Nonaccrual 
Loans 

Current 

Total Loans 
Receivable 

$        999 

127 

          2,964 

198,581 

    202,671 

1,512 

15,443 

1,276 
5,591 
278 
$  25,099 

429 

3,614 

105 
864 
255 
5,394 

4,704 

302,324 

308,969 

23,829 

725,673 

768,559 

3,525 
12,571 
217 
47,810 

227,695 
938,561 
46,916 
2,439,750 

232,601 
957,587 
47,666 

2,518,053 
873 
$    2,518,926 

$    3,313 

402 

7,816 

91,110 

102,641 

The Company had no non-covered or covered loans that were past due greater than 90 days and accruing 
interest at December 31, 2015. 

 120 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2016.  
There were no covered loans at December 31, 2016 and all reserves associated with previously covered loans 
were transferred to the non-covered allowance.   

($ in thousands) 

Real Estate – 
Construction, 
Land 
Development, 
& Other Land 
Loans 

Real Estate 
– 
Residential 
(1-4 
Family) 
First 
Mortgages 

Real Estate 
– Mortgage 
– Home 
Equity 
Lines of 
Credit 

Commercia
l, Financial, 
and 
Agricultural 

Real Estate – 
Mortgage – 
Commercial 
and Other 

Installment 
Loans to 
Individuals 

Unallo
-cated 

Covered 

Total 

$       4,742 
(2,271) 
805 

As of and for the year ended December 31, 2016 
Beginning 
balance 
Charge-offs 
Recoveries 
Transfer from 
covered status 
Removed due to 
branch loan sale 
Provisions 
Ending balance 

(263) 
760 
$       3,829 

(39) 
(1,410) 
2,691 

3,754 
(1,101) 
1,422 

65 

56 

7,832 
(3,815) 
1,060 

839 

(347) 
2,135 
7,704 

2,893 
(969) 
250 

293 

(110) 
63 
2,420 

5,816 
(1,005) 
836 

127 

(228) 
(448) 
5,098 

1,051 
(1,008) 
354 

696 
(1) 
− 

1,799 
(244) 
1,958 

28,583 
(10,414) 
6,685 

− 

1 

(1,381) 

− 

(63) 
811 
1,145 

− 
198 
894 

− 
(2,132) 
− 

(1,050) 
(23) 
23,781 

$               7 

Ending balances as of December 31, 2016:  Allowance for loan losses 
Individually 
evaluated for 
impairment 
Collectively 
evaluated for 
impairment 
Loans acquired 
with 
deteriorated 
credit quality 

$                − 

$        3,822 

6,365 

2,507 

1,339 

184 

− 

− 

5 

105 

− 

− 

2,415 

4,993 

1,145 

894 

− 

− 

− 

$    261,813 

Loans receivable as of December 31, 2016: 
Ending balance 
– total 
Unamortized 
net deferred 
loan fees 
Total loans 

354,667 

$            644 

Ending balances as of December 31, 2016: Loans 
Individually 
evaluated for 
impairment 
Collectively 
evaluated for 
impairment 
Loans acquired 
with 
deteriorated 
credit quality 

$                −  

$    261,169 

350,666 

4,001 

− 

750,679 

239,105 

1,049,460 

55,037 

20,807 

280 

6,494 

− 

729,872 

238,825 

1,042,452 

55,037 

− 

− 

514 

− 

 121 

– 

– 

– 

− 

1,640 

22,141 

− 

2,710,761 

(49) 
  $ 2,710,712 

− 

− 

− 

32,226 

2,678,021 

514 

− 

− 

− 

− 

− 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses for non-covered and covered loans for 
the year ended December 31, 2015.   

($ in 
thousands) 

Real Estate – 
Construction, 
Land 
Development, 
& Other Land 
Loans 

Real Estate 
– Residential 
(1-4 Family) 
First 
Mortgages 

Commercial 
Financial, 
and 
Agricultural 

Real 
Estate– 
Mortgage – 
Home 
Equity 
Lines of 
Credit 

Real 
Estate– 
Mortgage– 
Commercia
l and Other 

Installment 
Loans to 
Individuals 

Unallo-
cated 

Total Non-
Covered 

Total 
Covered 

As of and for the year ended December 31, 2015 
Beginning 
balance 
Charge-offs 
Recoveries 
Provisions 
Ending 
balance 

$       6,769 
(2,908) 
831 
50 

8,158 
(3,034) 
998 
(2,368) 

$       4,742 

3,754 

10,136 
(4,904) 
279 
2,321 

4,753 
(1,054) 
121 
(927) 

6,466 
(2,804) 
904 
1,250 

1,916 
(2,411) 
413 
1,133 

7,832 

2,893 

5,816 

1,051 

147 
− 
− 
549 

696 

38,345 
(17,115) 
3,546 
2,008 

       2,281 
(1,316) 
3,622 
(2,788) 

26,784 

   1,799 

$           304 

Ending balances as of December 31, 2015:  Allowance for loan losses 
Individually 
evaluated for 
impairment 
Collectively 
evaluated for 
impairment 
Loans 
acquired with 
deteriorated 
credit quality 

$        4,438 

$               − 

6,392 

3,513 

1,440 

241 

− 

− 

321 

336 

45 

− 

2,687 

554 

2,572 

5,480 

1,006 

696 

24,097 

1,175 

− 

− 

− 

$    201,798 

Loans receivable as of December 31, 2015: 
Ending 
balance – 
total 
Unamortized 
net deferred 
loan costs 
Total non-
covered loans 

305,228 

692,902 

221,995 

945,823 

47,666 

− 

− 

− 

70 

2,415,412 

102,641 

873 

– 

2,416,285 

102,641 

$            992 

Ending balances as of December 31, 2015: Loans 
Individually 
evaluated for 
impairment 
Collectively 
evaluated for 
impairment 
Loans 
acquired with 
deteriorated 
credit quality 

$                −  

$    200,806 

300,330 

4,898 

− 

21,325 

758 

16,605 

76 

− 

44,654 

7,055 

671,577 

221,237 

928,637 

47,590 

− 

2,370,177 

94,197 

− 

− 

581 

− 

− 

581 

1,389 

 122 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2016. 

($ in thousands) 

Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: 

Recorded 
Investment 

Unpaid 
Principal 
Balance 

Related 
Allowance 

Average 
Recorded 
Investment 

Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – mortgage – construction, land development 
& other land loans 
Real estate – mortgage – residential (1-4 family) first 
mortgages 
Real estate – mortgage –home equity loans / lines of 
credit 
Real estate – mortgage –commercial and other 
Installment loans to individuals 
Total impaired loans with no allowance 

$         593 

706 

3,221 

4,558 

10,035 

12,220 

114 
5,112 
− 
$    19,075 

146 
5,722 
2 
23,354 

Impaired loans with an allowance recorded: 

Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – mortgage – construction, land development 
& other land loans 
Real estate – mortgage – residential (1-4 family) first 
mortgages 
Real estate – mortgage –home equity loans / lines of 
credit 
Real estate – mortgage –commercial and other 
Installment loans to individuals 
Total impaired loans with allowance 

$           51 

780 

51 

798 

10,772 

11,007 

166 
1,896 
− 
$    13,665 

166 
1,929 
− 
13,951 

− 

− 

− 

− 
− 
− 
− 

7 

184 

1,339 

5 
105 
− 
1,640 

816 

3,641 

11,008 

139 
8,713 
1 
24,318 

202 

844 

13,314 

324 
4,912 
49 
19,645 

Interest income recorded on impaired loans during the year ended December 31, 2016 was insignificant. 

 123 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2015. 

($ in thousands) 

Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: 

Recorded 
Investment 

Unpaid 
Principal 
Balance 

Related 
Allowance 

Average 
Recorded 
Investment 

Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – mortgage – construction, land development 
& other land loans 
Real estate – mortgage – residential (1-4 family) first 
mortgages 
Real estate – mortgage –home equity loans / lines of 
credit 
Real estate – mortgage –commercial and other 
Installment loans to individuals 
Total impaired loans with no allowance 

$         360 

422 

3,944 

7,421 

12,346 

14,644 

121 
13,156 
3 
$    29,930 

175 
16,818 
4 
39,484 

Total covered impaired loans with no allowance included 
above 

$      5,231 

8,529 

Impaired loans with an allowance recorded: 

Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – mortgage – construction, land development 
& other land loans 
Real estate – mortgage – residential (1-4 family) first 
mortgages 
Real estate – mortgage –home equity loans / lines of 
credit 
Real estate – mortgage –commercial and other 
Installment loans to individuals 
Total impaired loans with allowance 

$         676 

954 

709 

976 

15,285 

15,691 

667 
6,094 
73 
$    23,749 

678 
6,279 
80 
24,413 

− 

− 

− 

− 
− 
− 
− 

− 

348 

241 

1,912 

344 
421 
45 
3,311 

235 

4,651 

11,258 

505 
18,112 
5 
34,766 

5,607 

616 

1,980 

15,636 

430 
4,950 
111 
23,723 

Total covered impaired loans with allowance included 
above 

$      3,213 

3,476 

624 

3,742 

Interest income recorded on impaired loans during the year ended December 31, 2015 was insignificant. 

 124 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company tracks credit quality based on its internal risk ratings.  Upon origination a loan is assigned an initial 
risk grade, which is generally based on several factors such as the borrower’s credit score, the loan-to-value 
ratio, the debt-to-income ratio, etc.  Loans that are risk-graded as substandard during the origination process 
are declined.  After loans are initially graded, they are monitored regularly for credit quality based on many 
factors, such as payment history, the borrower’s financial status, and changes in collateral value.  Loans can be 
downgraded or upgraded depending on management’s evaluation of these factors.  Internal risk-grading policies 
are consistent throughout each loan type. 

The following describes the Company’s internal risk grades in ascending order of likelihood of loss: 

Pass: 

Risk Grade 

Description 

1 
2 

3 

4 

5 

P 
(Pass) 

6 

7 

8 

9 

F 
(Fail) 

Loans with virtually no risk, including cash secured loans. 
Loans with documented significant overall financial strength.  These loans have minimum 
chance of loss due to the presence of multiple sources of repayment – each clearly 
sufficient to satisfy the obligation. 
Loans with documented satisfactory overall financial strength.  These loans have a low loss 
potential due to presence of at least two clearly identified sources of repayment – each of 
which is sufficient to satisfy the obligation under the present circumstances. 
Loans to borrowers with acceptable financial condition.  These loans could have signs of 
minor operational weaknesses, lack of adequate financial information, or loans supported 
by collateral with questionable value or marketability.   
Loans that represent above average risk due to minor weaknesses and warrant closer 
scrutiny by management.  Collateral is generally available and felt to provide reasonable 
coverage with realizable liquidation values in normal circumstances.  Repayment 
performance is satisfactory. 
Consumer loans (<$500,000) that are of satisfactory credit quality with borrowers who 
exhibit good personal credit history, average personal financial strength and moderate 
debt levels.  These loans generally conform to Bank policy, but may include approved 
mitigated exceptions to the guidelines.   

Existing loans with defined weaknesses in primary source of repayment that, if not 
corrected, could cause a loss to the Bank. 

An existing loan inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying 
capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any.  These loans have a well-defined 
weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. 
Loans that have a well-defined weakness that make the collection or liquidation in full 
highly questionable and improbable.  Loss appears imminent, but the exact amount and 
timing is uncertain. 
Loans that are considered uncollectible and are in the process of being charged-off.  This 
grade is a temporary grade assigned for administrative purposes until the charge-off is 
completed. 
Consumer loans (<$500,000) with a well-defined weakness, such as exceptions of any kind 
with no mitigating factors, history of paying outside the terms of the note, insufficient 
income to support the current level of debt, etc.   

Special Mention: 

Classified: 

In the second quarter of 2016, the Company made nonsubstantive changes to the numerical scale of risk grades.  
Previously, the description for grade 5 noted above was assigned a grade of 9.  As a result of the change, most 
grade 9 loans were assigned a grade of 5 and the numerical grade assignments for the previous grades of 5 and 
below were moved one row lower in the descriptions.  In the tables below, prior periods have been adjusted to 
be consistent with the presentation for December 31, 2016. 

Also during the second quarter of 2016, the Company introduced a pass/fail grade system for smaller balance 
consumer loans (balances less than $500,000), primarily residential home loans and installment consumer loans.  
Accordingly, all such consumer loans are no longer graded on a scale of 1-9, but instead are assigned a rating of 
“pass” or “fail”, with “fail” loans being considered as classified loans.  As of the implementation of the revised 
grade definitions, there were approximately $29.7 million of consumer loans that had previously been assigned 
grade of “special mention” and were assigned a rating of “pass”, which impacts the comparability of the 
December 31, 2016 table below to prior periods. 

 125 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The changes noted above had no significant impact on the Company’s allowance for loan loss calculation. 

The following table presents the Company’s recorded investment in loans by credit quality indicators as of 
December 31, 2016. 

($ in thousands) 

Commercial, financial, and 

agricultural 

Real estate – construction, land 

development & other land loans 
Real estate – mortgage – residential 

(1-4 family) first mortgages 
Real estate – mortgage – home 
equity loans / lines of credit 

Real estate – mortgage – commercial 

and other 

Installment loans to individuals 

  Total 

Unamortized net deferred loan fees  

            Total loans 

Pass 

Special 
Mention Loans  

 Classified 
Accruing Loans  

Classified 
Nonaccrual 
Loans 

Total 

$    247,451 

335,068 

678,878 

226,159 

1,005,687 
54,421 
$  2,547,664 

10,560 

8,762 

16,998 

1,436 

26,546 
256 
64,558 

1,960 

7,892 

38,786 

9,155 

13,019 
259 
71,071 

1,842 

2,945 

261,813 

354,667 

16,017 

750,679 

2,355 

239,105 

4,208 
101 
27,468 

1,049,460 
55,037 

2,710,761 
(49) 
2,710,712 

The following table presents the Company’s recorded investment in loans by credit quality indicators as of 
December 31, 2015. 

($ in thousands) 

Commercial, financial, and 

agricultural 

Real estate – construction, land 

development & other land loans 
Real estate – mortgage – residential 

(1-4 family) first mortgages 
Real estate – mortgage – home 
equity loans / lines of credit 

Real estate – mortgage – commercial 

and other 

Installment loans to individuals 

  Total 

Unamortized net deferred loan costs  

Total loans 

Pass 

Special 
Mention Loans  

 Classified 
Accruing Loans 

Classified 
Nonaccrual 
Loans 

Total 

$    192,454 

280,647 

664,618 

212,391 

897,579 
46,209 
$  2,293,898 

3,733 

13,489 

39,895 

7,374 

33,155 
776 
98,422 

3,520 

10,129 

40,217 

9,311 

14,282 
464 
77,923 

2,964 

4,704 

202,671 

308,969 

23,829 

768,559 

3,525 

232,601 

12,571 
217 
47,810 

957,587 
47,666 

2,518,053 
873 
  2,518,926 

Total covered loans included above 

$       71,398 

7,423 

16,004 

7,816 

     102,641 

Troubled Debt Restructurings 

The restructuring of a loan is considered a “troubled debt restructuring” if both (i) the borrower is experiencing 
financial difficulties and (ii) the creditor has granted a concession.  Concessions may include interest rate 
reductions or below market interest rates, principal forgiveness, restructuring amortization schedules and other 
actions intended to minimize potential losses.   

 126 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The vast majority of the Company’s troubled debt restructurings modified during the year ended December 31, 
2016 and 2015 related to interest rate reductions combined with restructured amortization schedules.  The 
Company does not generally grant principal forgiveness.  

All loans classified as troubled debt restructurings are considered to be impaired and are evaluated as such for 
determination of the allowance for loan losses.  The Company’s troubled debt restructurings can be classified as 
either nonaccrual or accruing based on the loan’s payment status.  The troubled debt restructurings that are 
nonaccrual are reported within the nonaccrual loan totals presented previously.    

The following table presents information related to loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring during the 
years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.  

($ in thousands) 

TDRs – Accruing 
Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – construction, land development & 

other land loans 

Real estate – mortgage – residential (1-4 family) 

first mortgages 

Real estate – mortgage – home equity loans / lines 

of credit 

Real estate – mortgage – commercial and other 
Installment loans to individuals 

TDRs – Nonaccrual 
Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – construction, land development & 

other land loans 

Real estate – mortgage – residential (1-4 family) 

first mortgages 

Real estate – mortgage – home equity loans / lines 

of credit 

Real estate – mortgage – commercial and other 
Installment loans to individuals 

Total TDRs arising during period 

Total covered TDRs arising during period included 
above 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2016 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2015 

Number 
of 
Contracts 

Pre-
Modification 
Restructured 
Balances 

Post-
Modification 
Restructured 
Balances 

Number 
of 
Contracts 

Pre-
Modification 
Restructured 
Balances 

Post-
Modification 
Restructured 
Balances 

1 

− 

1 

− 
− 
− 

− 

− 

1 

− 
− 
− 

3 

– 

$         1,071 

$         1,071 

− 

598 

− 
− 
− 

− 

− 

− 

626 

− 
− 
− 

− 

− 

155 

184 

− 
− 
− 

− 
− 
− 

2 

1 

2 

− 
4 
− 

1 

3 

4 

− 
− 
− 

$               52 

$              52 

235 

265 

− 
557 
− 

5 

496 

399 

− 
− 
− 

235 

265 

− 
557 
− 

5 

496 

399 

− 
− 
− 

$         1,824 

$        1,881  

17 

$        2,009 

$        2,009 

– 

– 

2 

$           139 

$           139 

 127 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accruing restructured loans that were modified in the previous 12 months and that defaulted during the years 
ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented in the table below.  The Company considers a loan to have 
defaulted when it becomes 90 or more days delinquent under the modified terms, has been transferred to 
nonaccrual status, or has been transferred to foreclosed real estate.   

($ in thousands) 

Accruing TDRs that subsequently defaulted 
Commercial, financial, and agricultural 
Real estate – mortgage – residential (1-4 family first 

mortgages) 

Real estate – mortgage – commercial and other 

Total accruing TDRs that subsequently defaulted 
Total covered accruing TDRs that subsequently defaulted 
included above 

Note 5.  Premises and Equipment 

For the year ended  
December 31, 2016 

For the year ended  
December 31, 2015 

Number of 
Contracts 

Recorded 
Investment 

Number of 
Contracts 

Recorded 
Investment 

2 

− 
1 

3 

1 

$           744 

               − 
21 

$           765 

$             44 

1 

4 
− 

5 

– 

$               7 

         352 
− 

$           359 

$               – 

Premises and equipment at December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following: 

($ in thousands) 

2016 

2015 

Land 
Buildings 
Furniture and equipment 
Leasehold improvements 
    Total cost 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization 
    Net book value of premises and equipment 

Note 6.  FDIC Indemnification Asset 

$        23,404 
67,032 
37,780 
2,192 
130,408 
(55,057) 
$        75,351 

        23,750 
66,527 
36,246 
1,704 
128,227 
(53,668) 
        74,559 

As discussed previously in Note 4 – Loans and Asset Quality Information, the Company terminated all loss share 
agreements with the FDIC during 2016.  As a result, the remaining balance in the FDIC Indemnification Asset, 
which represented the estimated amount to be received from the FDIC under the loss share agreements, was 
written off as indemnification asset expense as of the termination date.   

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the FDIC indemnification asset was comprised of the following components: 

($ in thousands) 

Receivable (payable) related to loss claims incurred (recoveries), not yet received (paid), net 
Receivable related to estimated future claims on loans 
Receivable related to estimated future claims on foreclosed real estate 
     FDIC indemnification asset 

2016 
       $                   − 
− 
− 
$                  − 

2015 
                  (633) 
8,675 
397 
        8,439 

 128 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following presents a rollforward of the FDIC indemnification asset since January 1, 2014.  

($ in thousands) 
Balance at January 1, 2014 
Increase (decrease) related to unfavorable (favorable) changes in loss estimates 
Increase related to reimbursable expenses 
Cash received 
Decrease related to accretion of loan discount 
Other 
Balance at December 31, 2014 
Increase (decrease) related to unfavorable (favorable) changes in loss estimates 
Increase related to reimbursable expenses 
Cash received 
Decrease related to accretion of loan discount 
Decrease related to settlement of disputed claims 
Other 
Balance at December 31, 2015 
Increase (decrease) related to unfavorable (favorable) changes in loss estimates 
Increase related to reimbursable expenses 
Cash paid  
Decrease related to accretion of loan discount 
Other 
Write off of asset balance upon termination of FDIC loss share agreements effective September 22, 2016 
Balance at December 31, 2016 

Note 7.  Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets 

$   48,622 
2,923 
3,925 
(17,724) 
(15,281) 
104 
$   22,569 
(3,031) 
1,232 
(6,673) 
(5,584) 
(406) 
332 
$   8,439 
(2,246) 
205 
1,554 
(2,005) 
(236) 
(5,711) 
$         ―  

The following is a summary of the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of amortized intangible 
assets as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 and the carrying amount of unamortized intangible 
assets as of those same dates.   

December 31, 2016 

December 31, 2015 

Gross Carrying 
Amount 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Gross Carrying 
Amount 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

($ in thousands) 
Amortized intangible assets: 
   Customer lists 
   Core deposit premiums 
   Other 
        Total 

$                     2,369 
9,730 
1,032 
$                  13,131 

SBA servicing asset 

$                        415 

746 
8,143 
224 
9,113 

                     678 
8,560 
̶  
                  9,238 

                   − 

550 
7,352 
̶ 
7,902 

Unamortized intangible assets: 
   Goodwill 

$                  75,042 

                65,835 

Activity related to transactions during the year includes the following: 

(1)  In connection with the January 1, 2016 acquisition of Bankingport, Inc., an insurance agency located in 
Sanford, North Carolina, the Company recorded $1,693,000 in goodwill, $591,000 in a customer list 
intangible, and $92,000 in other amortizable intangible assets.   

(2)  In connection with the May 5, 2016 acquisition of SBA Complete, Inc., an SBA loan consulting firm, the 
Company recorded $5,553,000 in goodwill, $1,100,000 in a customer list intangible, and $940,000 in 
other amortizable intangible assets.   

(3)  In connection with the branch exchange transaction with First Community Bank in Bluefield, Virginia, the 
Company recorded a net increase of $1,961,000 in goodwill and $1,170,000 in core deposit premiums. 

In addition to the above acquisition related activity, the Company recorded $415,000 in servicing assets 
associated with the guaranteed portion of SBA loans originated and sold during 2016.  Servicing assets are 

 129 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
recorded at fair value and amortized as a reduction of service fee income over the expected life of the related 
loans. 

Amortization expense totaled $1,211,000, $722,000 and $777,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 
and 2014, respectively.   

Goodwill is evaluated for impairment on at least an annual basis – see Note 1(r).  For each of the years 
presented, the Company’s evaluation indicated that there was no goodwill impairment. 

The following table presents the estimated amortization expense for intangible assets for each of the five 
calendar years ending December 31, 2021 and the estimated amount amortizable thereafter.  These estimates 
are subject to change in future periods to the extent management determines it is necessary to make 
adjustments to the carrying value or estimated useful lives of amortized intangible assets.   

($ in thousands) 

Estimated  
Amortization Expense  

2017 
2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
Thereafter 
         Total 

    $         1,240 
874 
665 
439 
315 
485 
$      4,018 

Note 8.  Income Taxes 

Total income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 were allocated as follows: 

($ In thousands) 

2016 

2015 

2014 

Allocated to net income 
Allocated to stockholders’ equity, for unrealized holding gain/loss on  
   debt and equity securities for financial reporting purposes 
Allocated to stockholders’ equity, for tax benefit of pension liabilities 
    Total income taxes 

$        14,624 

14,126 

13,535 

(685) 
(36) 
$        13,903 

(184) 
(1,716) 
 12,226 

518 
(2,103) 
11,950 

The components of income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 are as 
follows:   

($ in thousands) 

Current     - Federal 
                   - State 
Deferred  - Federal 
                   - State 
     Total 

2016 

$          12,827 
1,679 
16 
102 
$            14,624 

2015 

9,149 
1,436 
3,205 
336 
     14,126 

2014 

1,316 
903 
10,104 
1,212 
13,535 

 130 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The sources and tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax 
assets (liabilities) at December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented below:   

($ in thousands) 

2016 

2015 

Deferred tax assets: 
     Allowance for loan losses 
     Excess book over tax pension & SERP retirement plan cost 
     Deferred compensation 
     Federal & state net operating loss carryforwards 
     Accruals, book versus tax 
     Pension liability adjustments 
     Foreclosed real estate 
     Basis differences in assets acquired in FDIC transactions 
     Nonqualified stock options 
     Partnership investments 
     Unrealized gain on securities available for sale 
     All other 
        Gross deferred tax assets 
         Less: Valuation allowance 
              Net deferred tax assets 
Deferred tax liabilities: 
     Loan fees 
     Excess tax over book pension cost 
     Depreciable basis of fixed assets 
     Amortizable basis of intangible assets 
     FHLB stock dividends 
     All other 
          Gross deferred tax liabilities  
          Net deferred tax asset (liability) - included in other assets 

$       8,758 
                 290 
36 
 868 
2,287 
1,852 
610 
2,539 
545 
160 
1,138 
191 
19,274 
(43) 
19,231 

(1,548) 
--- 
(954) 
(12,156) 
(409) 
(12) 
(15,079) 
$       4,152 

10,020 
             2,528 
50 
58 
2,130 
1,816 
571 
1,384 
554 
164 
453 
200 
19,928 
(67) 
19,861 

(1,451) 
(1,857) 
(1,313) 
(11,263) 
(416) 
(12) 
(16,312) 
 3,549 

A portion of the annual change in the net deferred tax asset relates to unrealized gains and losses on securities 
available for sale.  The related 2016 and 2015 deferred tax expense (benefit) of approximately ($685,000) and 
($184,000) respectively, has been recorded directly to shareholders’ equity.  Additionally, a portion of the 
annual change in the net deferred tax asset relates to pension adjustments.  The related 2016 and 2015 
deferred tax expense (benefit) of ($36,000) and ($1,716,000) respectively, has been recorded directly to 
shareholders’ equity.  The balance of the 2016 decrease in the net deferred tax asset of $118,000 is reflected as 
a deferred income tax expense, and the balance of the 2015 decrease in the net deferred tax asset of 
$3,541,000 is reflected as a deferred income tax expense in the consolidated statement of income.     

The valuation allowances for 2016 and 2015 relate primarily to state net operating loss carryforwards.  It is 
management’s belief that the realization of the remaining net deferred tax assets is more likely than not.  The 
Company adjusted its net deferred income tax asset as a result of reductions in the North Carolina state income 
tax rate, which reduced the state income tax rate to 5% in 2015 and 4% in 2016.  The North Carolina state 
income tax rate further declines to 3% effective January 1, 2017. 

The Company had no significant uncertain tax positions, and thus no reserve for uncertain tax positions has 
been recorded.  Additionally, the Company determined that it has no material unrecognized tax benefits that if 
recognized would affect the effective tax rate.  The Company’s general policy is to record tax penalties and 
interest as a component of “other operating expenses.” 

The Company is subject to routine audits of its tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and various state 
taxing authorities.  The Company’s federal tax returns are subject to income tax audit by state agencies 
beginning with the year 2014.  The Company’s state tax returns are subject to income tax audit by state agencies 
beginning with the year 2013.  There are no indications of any material adjustments relating to any examination 
currently being conducted by any taxing authority. 

 131 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retained earnings at December 31, 2016 and 2015 includes approximately $6,869,000 representing pre-1988 tax 
bad debt reserve base year amounts for which no deferred income tax liability has been provided since these 
reserves are not expected to reverse or may never reverse.  Circumstances that would require an accrual of a 
portion or all of this unrecorded tax liability are a reduction in qualifying loan levels relative to the end of 1987, 
failure to meet the definition of a bank, dividend payments in excess of accumulated tax earnings and profits, or 
other distributions in dissolution, liquidation or redemption of the Bank’s stock. 

The following is a reconcilement of federal income tax expense at the statutory rate of 35% to the income tax 
provision reported in the financial statements. 

($ in thousands) 

2016 

2015 

2014 

Tax provision at statutory rate 
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from: 
   Tax-exempt interest income 
   Low income housing tax credits 
   Non-deductible interest expense 
   State income taxes, net of federal benefit 
   Change in valuation allowance 
   Other, net 
     Total 

$           14,746 

 (1,202) 
(192) 
16 
1,158 
(24) 
122 
$           14,624 

14,405 

 (930) 
(191) 
11 
1,152 
(58) 
(263) 
14,126 

13,486 

 (832) 
(179) 
11 
1,375 
16 
(342) 
13,535 

Note 9.  Time Deposits and Related Party Deposits 

At December 31, 2016, the scheduled maturities of time deposits were as follows: 

($ in thousands) 

2017 
2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
Thereafter 

$             507,965 
83,954 
19,998 
25,442 
22,418 
1,737 
$          661,514 

Deposits received from executive officers and directors and their associates totaled approximately $3,030,000 
and $1,982,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  These deposit accounts have substantially the 
same terms, including interest rates, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other non-
related depositors. 

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company held $276.4 million and $226.0 million, respectively, in time 
deposits of $250,000 or more (which is the current FDIC insurance limit for insured deposits as of December 31, 
2016).  Included in these deposits were brokered deposits of $133.4 million and $71.8 million at December 31, 
2016 and 2015, respectively. 

 132 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 10.  Borrowings and Borrowings Availability 

The following tables present information regarding the Company’s outstanding borrowings at December 31, 
2016 and 2015: 

Description - 2016 

Due date 

Call Feature 

FHLB Term Note 
FHLB Term Note 
FHLB Term Note 
FHLB Term Note 
FHLB Term Note 
FHLB Term Note 
Trust Preferred Securities 

1/27/17 
1/30/17 
4/18/17 
12/26/17 
12/29/17 
12/24/18 
1/23/34 

None 
None 
None 
None 
None 
None 
Quarterly by Company  
beginning 1/23/09 

2016 
Amount 

$     20,000,000 
80,000,000 
50,000,000 
20,000,000 
35,000,000 
20,000,000 
   20,620,000 

Trust Preferred Securities 

6/15/36 

Quarterly by Company  
beginning 6/15/11 

25,774,000 

Total borrowings / weighted average rate as of December 31, 2016 

$   271,394,000 

Description - 2015 

Due date 

Call Feature 

FHLB Term Note 
FHLB Term Note 
FHLB Term Note 
FHLB Term Note 
FHLB Term Note 
Trust Preferred Securities 

1/19/16 
1/29/16 
12/27/16 
12/26/17 
12/24/18 
1/23/34 

None 
None 
None 
None 
None 
Quarterly by Company  
beginning 1/23/09 

2015 
Amount 

$     30,000,000 
50,000,000 
20,000,000 
20,000,000 
20,000,000 
   20,620,000 

Trust Preferred Securities 

6/15/36 

Quarterly by Company  
beginning 6/15/11 

25,774,000 

Total borrowings / weighted average rate as of December 31, 2015 

$   186,394,000 

Interest  Rate 

0.61% fixed 
0.63% fixed 
0.70% fixed 
1.19% fixed 
0.80% fixed 
1.57% fixed 
3.59% at 12/31/16 
adjustable rate 
3 month LIBOR + 2.70% 

2.35% at 12/31/16 
adjustable rate 
3 month LIBOR + 1.39% 
1.16% 

Interest  Rate 

0.41% fixed 
0.38% fixed 
0.76% fixed 
1.19% fixed 
1.57% fixed 
3.02% at 12/31/15 
adjustable rate 
3 month LIBOR + 2.70% 

1.90% at 12/31/15 
adjustable rate 
3 month LIBOR + 1.39% 
1.14% 

All outstanding FHLB borrowings may be accelerated immediately by the FHLB in certain circumstances, 
including material adverse changes in the condition of the Company or if the Company’s qualifying collateral 
amounts to less than that required under the terms of the FHLB borrowing agreement. 

In the above tables, the $20.6 million in borrowings due on January 23, 2034 relate to borrowings structured as 
trust preferred capital securities that were issued by First Bancorp Capital Trusts II and III ($10.3 million by each 
trust), which are unconsolidated subsidiaries of the Company, on December 19, 2003 and qualify as capital for 
regulatory capital adequacy requirements.  These unsecured debt securities are callable by the Company at par 
on any quarterly interest payment date beginning on January 23, 2009.  The interest rate on these debt 
securities adjusts on a quarterly basis at a rate of three-month LIBOR plus 2.70%.   

In the above tables, the $25.8 million in borrowings due on June 15, 2036 relate to borrowings structured as 
trust preferred capital securities that were issued by First Bancorp Capital Trust IV, an unconsolidated subsidiary 
of the Company, on April 13, 2006 and qualify as capital for regulatory capital adequacy requirements.  These 
unsecured debt securities are callable by the Company at par on any quarterly interest payment date beginning 
on June 15, 2011.  The interest rate on these debt securities adjusts on a quarterly basis at a rate of three-month 
LIBOR plus 1.39%.  

 133 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At December 31, 2016, the Company had three sources of readily available borrowing capacity – 1) an 
approximately $707 million line of credit with the FHLB, of which $225 million was outstanding at December 31, 
2016 and $140 million was outstanding at December 31, 2015, 2) a $35 million federal funds line of credit with a 
correspondent bank, of which none was outstanding at December 31, 2016 or 2015, and 3) an approximately 
$101 million line of credit through the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond’s (FRB) discount window, of which 
none was outstanding at December 31, 2016 or 2015. 

The Company’s line of credit with the FHLB totaling approximately $707 million can be structured as either 
short-term or long-term borrowings, depending on the particular funding or liquidity needs and is secured by 
the Company’s FHLB stock and a blanket lien on most of its real estate loan portfolio.  The borrowing capacity 
was reduced by $193 million at both December 31, 2016 and 2015, as a result of the Company pledging letters 
of credit for public deposits at each of those dates.  Accordingly, the Company’s unused FHLB line of credit was 
$289 million at December 31, 2016. 

The Company’s correspondent bank relationship allows the Company to purchase up to $35 million in federal 
funds on an overnight, unsecured basis (federal funds purchased).  The Company had no borrowings 
outstanding under this line at December 31, 2016 or 2015.   

The Company has a line of credit with the FRB discount window.  This line is secured by a blanket lien on a 
portion of the Company’s commercial and consumer loan portfolio (excluding real estate).  Based on the 
collateral owned by the Company as of December 31, 2016, the available line of credit was approximately $101 
million.  The Company had no borrowings outstanding under this line of credit at December 31, 2016 or 2015. 

Note 11.  Leases 

Certain bank premises are leased under operating lease agreements.  Generally, operating leases contain 
renewal options on substantially the same basis as current rental terms.  Rent expense charged to operations 
under all operating lease agreements was $1.5 million in 2016, $1.2 million in 2015, and $1.2 million in 2014.   

Future obligations for minimum rentals under noncancelable operating leases at December 31, 2016 are as 
follows: 

($ in thousands) 

Year ending December 31: 
  2017 
  2018 
  2019 
  2020 
  2021 
  Thereafter 
       Total 

$  1,404 
1,120 
1,001 
759 
541 
2,674 
$ 7,499 

 134 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 12.  Employee Benefit Plans 

401(k) Plan.  The Company sponsors a retirement savings plan pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Internal 
Revenue Code.  New employees who have met the age requirement are automatically enrolled in the plan at a 
5% deferral rate on the next plan Entry Date.  The automatic deferral can be modified by the employee at any 
time.  An eligible employee may contribute up to 15% of annual salary to the plan.  The Company contributes an 
amount equal to the sum of 1) 100% of the employee’s salary contributed up to 3% and 2) 50% of the 
employee’s salary contributed between 3% and 5%.  Company contributions are 100% vested immediately.  The 
Company’s matching contribution expense was $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 and $1.4 
million for each of the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.  Although discretionary contributions by the 
Company are permitted by the plan, the Company did not make any such contributions in 2016, 2015 or 2014.  
The Company’s matching and discretionary contributions are made according to the same investment elections 
each participant has established for their deferral contributions.   

Pension Plan.  Historically, the Company offered a noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan (the 
“Pension Plan”) that qualified under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code.  The Pension Plan provided for 
a monthly payment, at normal retirement age of 65, equal to one-twelfth of the sum of (i) 0.75% of Final 
Average Annual Compensation (5 highest consecutive calendar years’ earnings out of the last 10 years of 
employment) multiplied by the employee’s years of service not in excess of 40 years, and (ii) 0.65% of Final 
Average Annual Compensation in excess of the average social security wage base multiplied by years of service 
not in excess of 35 years.  Benefits were fully vested after five years of service.  Effective December 31, 2012, the 
Company froze the Pension Plan for all participants.   

The Company’s contributions to the Pension Plan are based on computations by independent actuarial 
consultants and are intended to be deductible for income tax purposes.  As discussed below, the contributions 
are invested to provide for benefits under the Pension Plan.  The Company did not make any contributions to 
the Pension Plan in 2016, 2015 or 2014.  The Company does not expect to contribute to the Pension Plan in 
2017. 

 135 

 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the Pension Plan’s benefit obligation, as 
computed by the Company’s independent actuarial consultants, and its plan assets, with the difference between 
the two amounts representing the funded status of the Pension Plan as of the end of the respective year. 

($ in thousands) 

Change in benefit obligation 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year 
Service cost 
Interest cost 
Actuarial (gain) loss 
Benefits paid 
Curtailment gain 
Benefit obligation at end of year 
Change in plan assets 
Plan assets at beginning of year 
Actual return on plan assets 
Employer contributions 
Benefits paid 
Plan assets at end of year 

2016 

2015 

2014 

$        36,164 
− 
1,502 
1,288 
(2,114) 
− 
36,840 

35,489 
3,575 
− 
(2,114) 
36,950 

       35,615 
− 
1,364 
1,236 
(2,051) 
− 
36,164 

37,282 
258 
− 
(2,051) 
35,489 

       30,548 
− 
1,461 
5,320 
(1,714) 
− 
35,615 

36,333 
2,663 
− 
(1,714) 
37,282 

Funded status at end of year 

$               110 

                 (675) 

              1,667 

The accumulated benefit obligation related to the Pension Plan was $36,840,000, $36,164,000, and $35,615,000 
at December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. 

The following table presents information regarding the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets 
at December 31, 2016 and 2015 as it relates to the Pension Plan, excluding the related deferred tax assets. 

($ in thousands) 

Other assets 
Other liabilities 

2016 

2015 

$               110  
− 
    $               110 

               − 
(675) 

                (675)   

The following table presents information regarding the amounts recognized in accumulated other 
comprehensive income (“AOCI”) at December 31, 2016 and 2015, as it relates to the Pension Plan. 

($ in thousands) 

2016 

2015 

Net gain (loss) 
Prior service cost 
Amount recognized in AOCI before tax effect 
Tax (expense) benefit 
Net amount recognized as increase (decrease) to AOCI 

$         (5,856) 
− 
(5,856) 
2,164 
$         (3,692) 

         (5,682) 
− 
(5,682) 
2,216 
         (3,466) 

 136 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of AOCI at December 31, 2016 and 2015, as it 
relates to the Pension Plan: 

($ in thousands) 

2016 

2015 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss at beginning of fiscal year 
Net gain (loss) arising during period 
Prior service cost 
Transition Obligation 
Amortization of unrecognized actuarial loss 
Amortization of prior service cost and transition obligation 
Tax (expense) benefit of changes during the year, net 
Accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss) at end of fiscal year 

$         (3,466) 
(412) 
̶  
̶  
238 
̶  
(52) 
$          (3,692)   

         (1,133) 
(3,825) 
̶  
̶  
̶  
̶  
1,492 

          (3,466)   

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the prepaid pension cost related to the 
Pension Plan: 

($ in thousands) 

2016 

2015 

Prepaid pension cost as of beginning of fiscal year 
Net periodic pension income (cost) for fiscal year 
Actual employer contributions 
Prepaid pension asset as of end of fiscal year 

$           5,007 
958 
̶  
$           5,965   

          3,524 
1,483 
̶  
           5,007   

Net pension (income) cost for the Pension Plan included the following components for the years ended 
December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014: 

($ in thousands) 

2016 

2015 

2014 

Service cost – benefits earned during the period 
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation 
Expected return on plan assets 
Net amortization and deferral 
     Net periodic pension (income) cost 

$                   ̶   
1,502 
(2,698) 
238 
$            (958) 

                   ̶   
1,364 
(2,847) 
̶  
          (1,483) 

                   ̶   
1,461 
(2,779) 
̶  
          (1,318) 

The following table is an estimate of the benefits that will be paid in accordance with the Pension Plan during 
the indicated time periods: 

($ in thousands) 

 Year ending December 31, 2017 
 Year ending December 31, 2018 
 Year ending December 31, 2019 
 Year ending December 31, 2020 
 Year ending December 31, 2021 
 Years ending December 31, 2022-2026 

Estimated 
benefit 
payments 
$     1,443 
1,554 
1,705 
1,769 
1,858 
9,920 

For each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, the Company used an expected long-term 
rate-of-return-on-assets assumption of 7.75%.  The Company arrived at this rate based primarily on a third-party 
investment consulting firm’s historical analysis of investment returns, which indicated that the mix of the 
Pension Plan’s assets (generally 75% equities and 25% fixed income) can be expected to return approximately 
7.75% on a long term basis. 

Funds in the Pension Plan are invested in a mix of investment types in accordance with the Pension Plan’s 
investment policy, which is intended to provide an average annual rate of return of 7% to 10%, while 

 137 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
maintaining proper diversification.  Except for Company stock, all of the Pension Plan’s assets are invested in an 
unaffiliated bank money market account or mutual funds.  The investment policy of the Pension Plan does not 
permit the use of derivatives, except to the extent that derivatives are used by any of the mutual funds invested 
in by the Pension Plan.  The following table presents the targeted mix of the Pension Plan’s assets as of 
December 31, 2016, as set out by the Plan’s investment policy: 

Investment type 

Fixed income investments 
   Cash/money market account 
   US government bond fund 
   US corporate bond fund 
   US corporate high yield bond fund 
Equity investments 
   Large cap value fund 
   Mid cap equity fund 
   Small cap growth fund 
   Foreign equity fund 
   Company stock 

Targeted % 
of Total Assets 

Acceptable Range % of 
Total Assets 

2% 
10% 
10% 
5% 

40% 
10% 
8% 
10% 
5% 

1%-5% 
10%-20% 
5%-15% 
0%-10% 

30%-50% 
5%-15% 
5%-15% 
5%-15% 
0%-10% 

The Pension Plan’s investment strategy contains certain investment objectives and risks for each permitted 
investment category.  To ensure that risk and return characteristics are consistently followed, the Pension Plan’s 
investments are reviewed at least semi-annually and rebalanced within the acceptable range.  Performance 
measurement of the investments employs the use of certain investment category and peer group benchmarks.  
The investment category benchmarks as of December 31, 2016 are as follows: 

Investment Category 

Investment Category Benchmark 

Range of Acceptable Deviation 
from Investment Category 
Benchmark 

Fixed income investments 
   Cash/money market account 
   US government bond fund 
   US corporate bond fund 
   US corporate high yield bond fund 
Equity investments 
   Large cap fund 
   Mid cap fund 
   Small cap fund 
   Foreign equity fund 
   Company stock 

BofAML USD LIBOR 3 Month Index 
Barclays Intermediate Government Bond Index 
Barclays Aggregate Index 
Barclays High Yield Index 

S&P 500 Index 
Russell Mid Cap Index 
Russell 2000 Growth Index 
MSCI EAFE Index 
Russell 2000 Index 

0-50 basis points 
0-200 basis points 
0-200 basis points 
0-200 basis points 

0-300 basis points 
0-300 basis points 
0-300 basis points 
0-300 basis points 
 0-300 basis points 

Each of the investment fund’s average annualized return over a three-year period should be within the range of 
acceptable deviation from the benchmarked index shown above.  In addition to the investment category 
benchmarks, the Pension Plan also utilizes certain Peer Group benchmarks, based on Morningstar percentile 
rankings for each investment category.  Funds are generally considered to be underperformers if their category 
ranking is below the 75th percentile for the trailing one-year period; the 50th percentile for the trailing three-year 
period; and the 25th percentile for the trailing five-year period. 

The Pension Plan invests in various investment securities which are exposed to various risks such as interest rate, 
market, and credit risks.  All of these risks are monitored and managed by the Company.  No significant 
concentration of risk exists within the plan assets at December 31, 2016. 

 138 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The fair values of the Company’s pension plan assets at December 31, 2016, by asset category, are as follows: 

($ in thousands) 

Fixed income investments 
     Money market funds 

Equity investments 
     Large cap value fund 
     Small cap growth fund 
     Mid cap equity fund 
     Foreign equity fund 
     Company stock 
          Total 

Total Fair Value 
at December 31, 
2016 

Quoted Prices in 
Active Markets 
for Identical 
Assets (Level 1) 

Significant Other 
Observable Inputs 
(Level 2) 

Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs  
(Level 3) 

$            9,590 

                −     

                   9,590 

      − 

15,595 
2,624 
3,220 
2,669 
3,252 
$      36,950 

15,595 
2,624 
3,220 
2,669 
3,252 
      27,360 

− 
− 
− 
− 
− 
9,590 

   − 
   − 
   − 
   − 
 − 
               − 

The fair values of the Company’s pension plan assets at December 31, 2015, by asset category, are as follows: 

($ in thousands) 

Total Fair Value 
at December 31, 
2015 

Quoted Prices in 
Active Markets 
for Identical 
Assets (Level 1) 

Significant Other 
Observable Inputs 
(Level 2) 

Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs  
(Level 3) 

Fixed income investments 
     Money market funds 
     US government bond fund 
     US corporate bond fund 
     US corporate high yield bond fund 

Equity investments 
     Large cap value fund 
     Small cap growth fund 
     Mid cap equity fund 
     Foreign equity fund 
     Company stock 
          Total 

$            155 
3,398 
3,357 
1,700 

14,703 
2,845 
3,541 
3,544 
2,246 
$      35,489 

                −     
3,398 
3,357 
1,700 

                   155 
− 
− 
− 

      − 
   − 
   − 
   − 

14,703 
2,845 
3,541 
3,544 
2,246 
      35,334 

− 
− 
− 
− 
− 
155 

   − 
   − 
   − 
   − 
 − 
               − 

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value.  There have 
been no changes in the methodologies used at December 31, 2016 and 2015. 

-  Money market fund:  Valued at net asset value (“NAV”), which can be validated with a sufficient 

level of observable activity (i.e. purchases and sales at NAV), and therefore, the funds were classified 
within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.   

-  Mutual funds:  Valued at the daily closing price as reported by the fund.  Mutual funds held by the 
Plan are open-end mutual funds that are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission 
and are deemed to be actively traded. 

-  Common stock:  Valued at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual 

securities are traded. 

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan.  Historically, the Company sponsored a Supplemental Executive 
Retirement Plan (the “SERP”) for the benefit of certain senior management executives of the Company.  The 
purpose of the SERP was to provide additional monthly pension benefits to ensure that each such senior 
management executive would receive lifetime monthly pension benefits equal to 3% of his or her final average 
compensation multiplied by his or her years of service (maximum of 20 years) to the Company or its subsidiaries, 
subject to a maximum of 60% of his or her final average compensation.  The amount of a participant’s monthly 
SERP benefit is reduced by (i) the amount payable under the Company’s qualified Pension Plan (described 

 139 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
above), and (ii) 50% of the participant’s primary social security benefit.  Final average compensation means the 
average of the 5 highest consecutive calendar years of earnings during the last 10 years of service prior to 
termination of employment.  The SERP is an unfunded plan.  Payments are made from the general assets of the 
Company.  Effective December 31, 2012, the Company froze the SERP to all participants.   

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the SERP’s benefit obligation, as computed 
by the Company’s independent actuarial consultants: 

($ in thousands) 

Change in benefit obligation 
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year 
Service cost 
Interest cost 
Actuarial (gain) loss 
Benefits paid 
Curtailment gain 
Projected benefit obligation at end of year 
Plan assets 
Funded status at end of year 

2016 

2015 

2014 

$        5,778 
106 
238 
145 
(357)   
̶  
5,910 
─ 
$       (5,910) 

        5,216 
201 
206 
497 
(342)   
̶  
5,778 
─ 
       (5,778) 

        5,292 
272 
212 
(265) 
(295)   
̶  
5,216 
─ 
       (5,216) 

The accumulated benefit obligation related to the SERP was $5,910,000, $5,778,000, and $5,216,000 at 
December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. 

The following table presents information regarding the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets 
at December 31, 2016 and 2015 as it relates to the SERP, excluding the related deferred tax assets. 

($ in thousands) 

Other assets – prepaid pension asset (liability) 
Other assets (liabilities) 

2016 

2015 

$        (6,754) 
844 
$        (5,910) 

        (6,802) 
1,024 
        (5,778) 

 140 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents information regarding the amounts recognized in AOCI at December 31, 2016 and 
2015, as it relates to the SERP: 

($ in thousands) 

Net gain (loss) 
Prior service cost 
Amount recognized in AOCI before tax effect 
Tax (expense) benefit 
Net amount recognized as increase (decrease) to AOCI 

2016 

2015 

$             844 
− 
844 
(311) 
$             533 

          1,024 
− 
1,024 
(399) 
             625 

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of AOCI at December 31, 2016 and 2015, as it 
relates to the SERP: 

($ in thousands) 

2016 

2015 

Accumulated other comprehensive income at beginning of fiscal year 
Net gain (loss) arising during period 
Prior service cost 
Amortization of unrecognized actuarial loss 
Amortization of prior service cost and transition obligation 
Tax benefit (expense) related to changes during the year, net 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at end of fiscal year 

$             625 
(145) 
− 
(35) 
− 
88 
$             533 

            976 
(497) 
− 
(79) 
− 
225 
             625 

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of the prepaid pension cost related to the 
SERP: 

($ in thousands) 

Prepaid pension cost (liability) as of beginning of fiscal year 
Net periodic pension cost for fiscal year 
Benefits paid 
Prepaid pension cost (liability) as of end of fiscal year 

2016 

2015 

$       (6,802)   
(309) 
357 
$       (6,754) 

       (6,816)   
(328) 
342 
       (6,802) 

Net pension cost for the SERP included the following components for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, 
and 2014: 

($ in thousands) 

2016 

2015 

2014 

Service cost – benefits earned during the period 
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation 
Net amortization and deferral 
     Net periodic pension cost 

$             106 
238 
(35) 
$             309 

             201 
206 
(79) 
             328 

             272 
212 
(221) 
             263 

 141 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table is an estimate of the benefits that will be paid in accordance with the SERP during the 
indicated time periods: 

($ in thousands) 

 Year ending December 31, 2017 
 Year ending December 31, 2018 
 Year ending December 31, 2019 
 Year ending December 31, 2020 
 Year ending December 31, 2021 
 Years ending December 31, 2022-2026 

Estimated 
benefit 
payments 
$       368 
421 
417 
415 
418 
2,052 

The following assumptions were used in determining the actuarial information for the Pension Plan and the 
SERP for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014:   

Discount rate used to determine net periodic           

pension cost 

Discount rate used to calculate end of year              

liability disclosures 

Expected long-term rate of return on assets 
Rate of compensation increase 

2016 

2015 

2014 

Pension 
Plan 

4.17% 

3.97% 
7.75% 
n/a 

SERP 

4.17% 

3.97% 
n/a 
n/a 

Pension 
Plan 

3.82% 

4.17% 
7.75% 
n/a 

SERP 

3.82% 

4.17% 
n/a 
n/a 

Pension 
Plan 

4.78% 

3.82% 
7.75% 
n/a 

SERP 

4.78% 

3.82% 
n/a 
n/a 

The Company’s discount rate policy is based on a calculation of the Company’s expected pension payments, with 
those payments discounted using the Citigroup Pension Index yield curve.   

Note 13.  Commitments, Contingencies, and Concentrations of Credit Risk 

See Note 11 with respect to future obligations under noncancelable operating leases. 

In the normal course of the Company’s business, there are various outstanding commitments and contingent 
liabilities such as commitments to extend credit that are not reflected in the financial statements.  The following 
table presents the Company’s outstanding loan commitments at December 31, 2016. 

($ in millions) 

Type of Commitment 
Outstanding closed-end loan commitments 
Unfunded commitments on revolving lines of 

credit, credit cards and home equity loans 

     Total 

Fixed Rate 
$               139 

116 
$              255 

Variable Rate 
             237 

256 
             493 

Total 
             376 

372 
            748 

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had $12.7 million and $13.1 million, respectively, in standby 
letters of credit outstanding.  The Company has no carrying amount for these standby letters of credit at either 
of those dates.  The nature of the standby letters of credit is a guarantee made on behalf of the Company’s 
customers to suppliers of the customers to guarantee payments owed to the supplier by the customer.  The 
standby letters of credit are generally for terms for one year, at which time they may be renewed for another 
year if both parties agree.  The payment of the guarantees would generally be triggered by a continued 
nonpayment of an obligation owed by the customer to the supplier.  The maximum potential amount of future 
payments (undiscounted) the Company could be required to make under the guarantees in the event of 
nonperformance by the parties to whom credit or financial guarantees have been extended is represented by 
the contractual amount of the standby letter of credit.  In the event that the Company is required to honor a 
standby letter of credit, a note, already executed with the customer, is triggered which provides repayment 

 142 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
terms and any collateral.  Over the past two years, the Company has only had to honor a few standby letters of 
credit, which have been or are being repaid by the borrower without any loss to the Company.  Management 
expects any draws under existing commitments to be funded through normal operations. 

The Company is not involved in any legal proceedings which, in management’s opinion, could have a material 
effect on the consolidated financial position of the Company.   

The Bank grants primarily commercial and installment loans to customers throughout its market area, which 
consists of Anson, Beaufort, Bladen, Brunswick, Buncombe, Cabarrus, Carteret, Chatham, Columbus, 
Cumberland, Dare, Davidson, Duplin, Guilford, Harnett, Hoke, Iredell, Lee, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Moore, 
New Hanover, Onslow, Pitt, Randolph, Richmond, Robeson, Rockingham, Rowan, Scotland, Stanly and Wake 
Counties in North Carolina, and Chesterfield, Dillon, and Florence Counties in South Carolina.  The real estate 
loan portfolio can be affected by the condition of the local real estate market.  The commercial and installment 
loan portfolios can be affected by local economic conditions.   

The Company’s loan portfolio is not concentrated in loans to any single borrower or to a relatively small number 
of borrowers.  Additionally, management is not aware of any concentrations of loans to classes of borrowers or 
industries that would be similarly affected by economic conditions. 

In addition to monitoring potential concentrations of loans to particular borrowers or groups of borrowers, 
industries and geographic regions, the Company monitors exposure to credit risk that could arise from potential 
concentrations of lending products and practices such as loans that subject borrowers to substantial payment 
increases (e.g. principal deferral periods, loans with initial interest-only periods, etc), and loans with high loan-
to-value ratios.  Additionally, there are industry practices that could subject the Company to increased credit risk 
should economic conditions change over the course of a loan’s life.  For example, the Company makes variable 
rate loans and fixed rate principal-amortizing loans with maturities prior to the loan being fully paid (i.e. balloon 
payment loans).  These loans are underwritten and monitored to manage the associated risks.  The Company 
has determined that there is no concentration of credit risk associated with its lending policies or practices.   

 143 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company’s investment portfolio consists principally of obligations of government-sponsored enterprises, 
mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by government-sponsored enterprises, corporate bonds, and general 
obligation municipal securities.  The Company also holds stock with the Federal Reserve Bank and the Federal 
Home Loan Bank as a requirement for membership in the system.  The following are the fair values at December 
31, 2016 of securities to any one issuer/guarantor that exceed $2.0 million, with such amounts representing the 
maximum amount of credit risk that the Company would incur if the issuer did not repay the obligation. 

($ in thousands) 

Issuer 
Fannie Mae – mortgage-backed securities 
Freddie Mac – mortgage-backed securities 
Small Business Administration  
Ginnie Mae - mortgage-backed securities 
Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta -  common stock 
Federal Home Loan Bank System - bonds 
Federal Reserve Bank  - common stock 
Bank of America corporate bond 
Citigroup, Inc. corporate bond 
Goldman Sachs Group Inc. corporate bond 
JP Morgan Chase corporate bond 
Financial Institutions, Inc. corporate bond 
Craven County, North Carolina municipal bond 
Spartanburg, South Carolina Sanitary Sewer District municipal bond 
Wells Fargo & Company corporate bond 
Freddie Mac – bonds 
Federal Farm Credit bonds 
Eagle Bancorp corporate bond 
South Carolina State municipal bond 
Virginia State Housing Authority municipal bond 

Amortized Cost 
$        79,105 
          76,161 
40,315 
36,006 
12,588 
11,498 
7,238 
7,000 
6,041 
5,108 
5,027 
4,000 
3,554 
3,264 
3,100 
3,000 
3,000 
2,556 
2,170 
2,034 

Fair Value 
77,446 
74,789 
39,576 
35,538 
12,588 
11,498 
7,238 
6,955 
6,000 
5,054 
4,995 
3,983 
3,686 
3,423 
3,053 
3,000 
2,993 
2,625 
2,320 
2,113 

The Company places its deposits and correspondent accounts with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta, the 
Federal Reserve Bank, Pacific Coast Bankers Bank (“PCBB”), and Bank of America.  At December 31, 2016, the 
Company had deposits in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta totaling $4.1 million, deposits of $230.1 million 
in the Federal Reserve Bank, deposits of $40.9 million in Bank of America, and deposits of $0.1 million with 
PCBB.  None of the deposits held at the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta or the Federal Reserve Bank are 
FDIC-insured, however the Federal Reserve Bank is a government entity and therefore risk of loss is minimal.  
The deposits held at Bank of America and PCBB are FDIC-insured up to $250,000.   

Note 14.  Fair Value of Financial Instruments 

Relevant accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of 
observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance 
describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:  

Level 1:  Quoted prices (unadjusted) of identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the 
ability to access as of the measurement date.  

Level 2:  Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar 
assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can 
be corroborated by observable market data. 

Level 3:  Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the 
assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. 

 144 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table summarizes the Company’s financial instruments that were measured at fair value on a 
recurring and nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2016.   

($ in thousands) 

Description of Financial Instruments 
Recurring 

Securities available for sale: 

Government-sponsored enterprise 

securities 

Mortgage-backed securities 
Corporate bonds 
Equity securities 

Total available for sale securities 

Nonrecurring 
     Impaired loans 
     Foreclosed real estate 

Fair Value at 
December 31, 
2016 

Quoted Prices in 
Active Markets 
for Identical 
Assets (Level 1) 

Significant 
Other 
Observable 
Inputs    
(Level 2) 

Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs  
(Level 3) 

$      17,490 
148,065 
33,600 
174 
$    199,329 

$        12,284 
9,532 

  — 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
—   

17,490 
148,065 
33,600 
174 
199,329 

       — 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
—   

12,284 
9,532 

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial instruments that were measured at fair value on a 
recurring and nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2015.   

($ in thousands) 

Description of Financial Instruments 
Recurring 

Securities available for sale: 

Government-sponsored enterprise 

securities 

Mortgage-backed securities 
Corporate bonds 
Equity securities 

Total available for sale securities 

Nonrecurring 
     Impaired loans  
     Foreclosed real estate 

Fair Value at 
December 31, 
2015 

Quoted Prices in 
Active Markets 
for Identical 
Assets (Level 1) 

Significant 
Other 
Observable 
Inputs    
(Level 2) 

Significant 
Unobservable 
Inputs  
(Level 3) 

$      18,972 
121,553 
24,946 
143 
$    165,614 

$        20,645 
9,994 

  — 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
—   

18,972 
121,553 
24,946 
143 
165,614 

       — 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
—   

20,645 
9,994 

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value. 

Securities Available for Sale — When quoted market prices are available in an active market, the 
securities are classified as Level 1 in the valuation hierarchy.  If quoted market prices are not available, 
but fair values can be estimated by observing quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, the 
securities are classified as Level 2 on the valuation hierarchy.  Most of the fair values for the Company’s 
Level 2 securities are determined by our third-party bond accounting provider using matrix pricing.  
Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without 
relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ 
relationship to other benchmark quoted securities.  For the Company, Level 2 securities include 
mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, government-sponsored enterprise 
securities, and corporate bonds.  In cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are 
classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. 

The Company reviews the pricing methodologies utilized by the bond accounting provider to ensure the 
fair value determination is consistent with the applicable accounting guidance and that the investments 

 145 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
are properly classified in the fair value hierarchy.  Further, the Company validates the fair values for a 
sample of securities in the portfolio by comparing the fair values provided by the bond accounting 
provider to prices from other independent sources for the same or similar securities.  The Company 
analyzes unusual or significant variances and conducts additional research with the portfolio manager, if 
necessary, and takes appropriate action based on its findings. 

Impaired loans — Fair values for impaired loans in the above table are measured on a non-recurring 
basis and are based on the underlying collateral values securing the loans, adjusted for estimated selling 
costs, or the net present value of the cash flows expected to be received for such loans.  Collateral may 
be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory and accounts receivable.  
The vast majority of the collateral is real estate.  The value of real estate collateral is determined using 
an income or market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed 
third party appraiser (Level 3).  The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal if 
deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable borrower’s financial statements if not 
considered significant.  Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivable collateral are based on 
borrower financial statement balances or aging reports on a discounted basis as appropriate (Level 3).  
Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the 
Consolidated Statements of Income. 

Foreclosed real estate – Foreclosed real estate, consisting of properties obtained through foreclosure or 
in satisfaction of loans, is reported at the lower of cost or fair value.  Fair value is measured on a non-
recurring basis and is based upon independent market prices or current appraisals that are generally 
prepared using an income or market valuation approach and conducted by an independent, licensed 
third party appraiser, adjusted for estimated selling costs (Level 3).  At the time of foreclosure, any 
excess of the loan balance over the fair value of the real estate held as collateral is treated as a charge 
against the allowance for loan losses.  For any real estate valuations subsequent to foreclosure, any 
excess of the real estate recorded value over the fair value of the real estate is treated as a foreclosed 
real estate write-down on the Consolidated Statements of Income. 

For Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis as of December 31, 
2016, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows: 

($ in thousands) 

Description  
Impaired loans 

Foreclosed real estate 

Fair Value at 
December 31, 
2016 

Valuation 
Technique 

$          12,284  Appraised value; 
PV of expected 
cash flows 

9,532  Appraised value; 
List or contract 
price 

Significant Unobservable 
Inputs 
Discounts to reflect current 
market conditions, ultimate 
collectability, and estimated 
costs to sell 
Discounts to reflect current 
market conditions and 
estimated costs to sell 

General Range 
of Significant 
Unobservable 
Input Values 
0-10% 

0-10% 

 146 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis as of December 31, 
2015, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows: 

($ in thousands) 

Description  
Impaired loans 

Foreclosed real estate  

Fair Value at 
December 31, 
2015 

Valuation 
Technique 

$          20,645  Appraised value; 
PV of expected 
cash flows 

9,994  Appraised value; 
List or contract 
price 

Significant Unobservable 
Inputs 
Discounts to reflect current 
market conditions, ultimate 
collectability, and estimated 
costs to sell 
Discounts to reflect current 
market conditions and 
estimated costs to sell 

General Range 
of Significant 
Unobservable 
Input Values 
0-10% 

0-10% 

Transfers of assets or liabilities between levels within the fair value hierarchy are recognized when an event or 
change in circumstances occurs.  There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 for assets or liabilities 
measured on a recurring basis during the years ended December 31, 2016 or 2015. 

For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the decrease in the fair value of securities available for sale 
was $1,919,000 and $473,000, respectively, which is included in other comprehensive income (net of tax benefit 
of $683,000 and $184,000, respectively).  Fair value measurement methods at December 31, 2016 and 2015 are 
consistent with those used in prior reporting periods. 

As discussed in Note 1(q), the Company is required to disclose estimated fair values for its financial instruments.  
Fair value estimates as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and limitations thereon are set forth below for the 
Company’s financial instruments.  See Note 1(q) for a discussion of fair value methods and assumptions, as well 
as fair value information for off-balance sheet financial instruments. 

($ in thousands) 

Cash and due from banks, 
noninterest-bearing 
Due from banks, interest-

bearing 

Federal funds sold 
Securities available for sale 
Securities held to maturity 
Presold mortgages in process 

of settlement 

Total loans, net of allowance 
Accrued interest receivable 
FDIC indemnification asset 
Bank-owned life insurance 

Deposits 
Borrowings 
Accrued interest payable 

Level in 
Fair 
Value 
Hierarchy 

December 31, 2016 

December 31, 2015 

Carrying 
Amount 

Estimated 
Fair Value 

Carrying 
Amount 

Estimated 
Fair Value 

Level 1 

$     71,645 

$     71,645 

     53,285 

     53,285 

Level 1 
Level 1 
Level 2 
Level 2 

Level 1 
Level 3 
Level 1 
Level 3 
Level 1 

Level 2 
Level 2 
Level 2 

234,348 
− 
199,329 
129,713 

2,116 
2,686,931 
9,286 
− 
74,138 

2,947,353 
271,394 
539 

234,348 
− 
199,329 
130,195 

2,116 
2,650,820 
9,286 
− 
74,138 

2,944,968 
263,255 
539 

213,426 
557 
165,614 
154,610 

4,323 
2,490,343 
9,166 
8,439 
72,086 

2,811,285 
186,394 
585 

213,426 
557 
165,614 
157,146 

4,323 
2,484,059 
9,166 
8,256 
72,086 

2,809,828 
178,468 
585 

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information 
about the financial instrument.  These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from 
offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument.  Because no 
highly liquid market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates 
are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk 

 147 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors.  These estimates are subjective in nature and 
involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision.  
Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. 

Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to 
estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered 
financial instruments.  Significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities 
include net premises and equipment, intangible and other assets such as deferred income taxes, prepaid 
expense accounts, income taxes currently payable and other various accrued expenses.  In addition, the income 
tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair 
value estimates and have not been considered in any of the estimates. 

Note 15.  Equity-Based Compensation Plans 

The Company recorded total stock-based compensation expense of $714,000, $710,000 and $270,000 for the 
years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.  Stock based compensation is reflected as an 
adjustment to cash flows from operating activities on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.  
The Company recognized $264,000, $277,000, and $105,000 of income tax benefits related to stock based 
compensation expense in the income statement for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, 
respectively.   

At December 31, 2016, the Company had the following equity-based compensation plans:  the First Bancorp 2014 
Equity Plan and the First Bancorp 2007 Equity Plan.  The Company’s shareholders approved all equity-based 
compensation plans.  The First Bancorp 2014 Equity Plan became effective upon the approval of shareholders on 
May 8, 2014.  As of December 31, 2016, the First Bancorp 2014 Equity Plan was the only plan that had shares 
available for future grants, and there were 853,920 shares remaining available for grant.   

The First Bancorp 2014 Equity Plan is intended to serve as a means to attract, retain and motivate key 
employees and directors and to associate the interests of the plans’ participants with those of the Company and 
its shareholders.  The First Bancorp 2014 Equity Plan allows for both grants of stock options and other types of 
equity-based compensation, including stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted performance stock, 
unrestricted stock, and performance units.   

Recent equity grants to employees have either had performance vesting conditions, service vesting conditions, 
or both.  Compensation expense for these grants is recorded over the various service periods based on the 
estimated number of equity grants that are probable to vest.  No compensation cost is recognized for grants 
that do not vest and any previously recognized compensation cost will be reversed.  The Company issues new 
shares of common stock when options are exercised. 

Certain of the Company’s stock option grants contain terms that provide for a graded vesting schedule whereby 
portions of the award vest in increments over the requisite service period.  The Company recognizes 
compensation expense for awards with graded vesting schedules on a straight-line basis over the requisite 
service period for each incremental award.  Compensation expense is based on the estimated number of stock 
options and awards that will ultimately vest.  Over the past five years, there have only been minimal amounts of 
forfeitures, and therefore the Company assumes that all awards granted without performance conditions will 
become vested. 

As it relates to director equity grants, the Company grants common shares, valued at approximately $16,000 to 
each non-employee director (currently eight in total) in June of each year.  Compensation expense associated 
with these director grants is recognized on the date of grant since there are no vesting conditions.  Total stock-
based compensation expense related to these grants was $129,000, $129,000, and $177,000 for each the three 

 148 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and is classified as “other operating expense” in 
the Consolidated Statements of Income. 

In 2014, the Company’s Compensation Committee determined that a group of the Company’s senior officers 
would receive their annual bonus earned under the Company’s annual incentive plan in a mix of 50% cash and 
50% stock, with the stock being subject to a three year vesting term.  Previously, awards under this plan were 
paid all in cash.  Accordingly, in February 2015 and February 2016, a total of 40,914 shares of restricted stock 
were granted related to performance in the preceding fiscal year.  Total compensation expense associated with 
those grants was $556,000 and is being recognized over the vesting period.  For 2016 and 2015, total 
compensation expense related to these grants was $220,000 and $93,000, respectively. 

In 2014, 2015 and 2016, the Compensation Committee also granted 105,616 shares of stock to various 
employees of the Company to promote retention.  The total value associated with these grants amounted to 
$1.9 million, which is being recorded as expense over their three year vesting periods.  For 2016, 2015, and 
2014, total compensation expense related to these grants was $366,000, $488,092, and $93,000, respectively. 
All grants were issued based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. 

Based on the vesting schedules of the shares of restricted stock currently outstanding, the Company expects to 
record $546,000 in stock-based compensation expense in 2017. 

Under the terms of the predecessor plans and the First Bancorp 2014 Equity Plan, stock options can have a term 
of no longer than ten years.  In a change in control (as defined in the plans), unless the awards remain 
outstanding or substitute equivalent awards are provided, the awards become immediately vested. 

At December 31, 2016, there were 59,948 stock options outstanding related to the two First Bancorp plans, with 
exercise prices ranging from $14.35 to $20.80.   

 149 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents information regarding the activity since January 1, 2014 related to all of the 
Company’s stock options outstanding: 

Options Outstanding 

Weighted-
Average 
Exercise 
Price 

Weighted-
Average 
Contractual 
Term (years) 

Aggregate 
Intrinsic 
Value 

Number of 
Shares 

Balance at January 1, 2014 

392,658 

$   17.71 

   Granted 
   Exercised 
   Forfeited 
   Expired 

−    
(4,500)  
(75,000)  
(134,056) 

− 
15.58 
9.76 
21.10 

  $        6,525 

Balance at December 31, 2014 

179,102 

$   18.55 

   Granted 
   Exercised 
   Forfeited 
   Expired 

−    
(7,353)  
−    
(54,341) 

− 
15.20 
−    
19.93 

Balance at December 31, 2015 

117,408 

$   18.12 

   Granted 
   Exercised 
   Forfeited 
   Expired 

−    

(23,710)  

−    
(33,750) 

− 
15.84 
−    
21.39 

$     19,843 

$     81,894 

Outstanding at December 31, 2016 

59,948 

$   17.18 

1.39 

$   597,148 

Exercisable at December 31, 2016 

59,948 

$   17.18 

1.39 

$   597,148 

In 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company received $375,000, $112,000 and $70,000, respectively, as a result of 
stock option exercises.  The Company recorded insignificant tax benefits from the exercise of nonqualified stock 
options during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014. 

The following table summarizes information about the stock options outstanding at December 31, 2016: 

Range of  
Exercise Prices 

$13.27 to $15.48 
$15.48 to $17.70 
$17.70 to $19.91 
$19.91 to $22.12 

Options Outstanding 
Weighted-
Average 
Remaining 
Contractual Life 

Weighted- 
Average 
Exercise 
Price 

Number 
Outstanding  
at 12/31/16 

Options Exercisable 

Number 
Exercisable 
at 12/31/16 

Weighted- 
Average 
Exercise 
Price 

9,000 
34,698 
11,250 
5,000 
59,948 

2.4 
1.5 
0.4 
1.3 
1.4 

$     14.35 
16.60 
19.61 
20.80 
$     17.18 

9,000 
34,698 
11,250 
5,000 
59,948 

$     14.35 
16.60 
19.61 
20.80 
$     17.18 

 150 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents information regarding the activity during 2014, 2015, and 2016 related to the 
Company’s outstanding restricted stock: 

Long-Term Restricted Stock 

Weighted-
Average 
Grant-Date 
Fair Value 

Number of 
Units 

Nonvested at January 1, 2014 

45,374 

$         9.90 

Granted during the period 
Vested during the period 
Forfeited or expired during the period 

15,657 
(10,593) 
̶    

17.77 
          14.32 

̶ 

Nonvested at December 31, 2014 

50,438 

$         11.42 

Granted during the period 
Vested during the period 
Forfeited or expired during the period 

65,618 
(20,117) 
(40,610) 

17.28 
          17.44 
          9.87 

Nonvested at December 31, 2015 

55,329 

$         17.31 

Granted during the period 
Vested during the period 
Forfeited or expired during the period 

65,255 
(28,794) 
̶    

19.40 
          17.79 

̶ 

Nonvested at December 31, 2016 

91,790 

$       18.65 

Note 16.  Regulatory Restrictions 

The Company is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“FED”) and is subject to 
securities registration and public reporting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission.  The Bank is 
regulated by the FED and the North Carolina Commissioner of Banks.   

The primary source of funds for the payment of dividends by the Company is dividends received from its 
subsidiary, the Bank.  The Bank, as a North Carolina banking corporation, may pay dividends only out of 
undivided profits as determined pursuant to North Carolina General Statutes Section 53-87.  As of December 31, 
2016, the Bank had undivided profits of approximately $173,823,000 which were available for the payment of 
dividends (subject to remaining in compliance with regulatory capital requirements).  As of December 31, 2016, 
approximately $241,600,000 of the Company’s investment in the Bank is restricted as to transfer to the 
Company without obtaining prior regulatory approval.  

The average reserve balance maintained by the Bank under the requirements of the FED was approximately 
$1,746,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. 

The Company and the Bank must comply with regulatory capital requirements established by the FED.  Failure to 
meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, 
actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial 
statements.  Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the 
Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the 
Company’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting 
practices.  The Company’s and Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative 
judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.   

 151 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In 2013, the FED approved final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision capital 
guidelines, referred to a “Basel III.”  The final rules established a new “Common Equity Tier I” ratio; new higher 
capital ratio requirements, including a capital conservation buffer; narrowed the definitions of capital; imposed 
new operating restrictions on banking organizations with insufficient capital buffers; and increased the risk 
weighting of certain assets.  The final rules became effective January 1, 2015 for the Company.  The capital 
conservation buffer requirement were phased in beginning January 1, 2016, at 0.625% of risk weighted assets, 
and will increase each year until fully implemented at 2.5% in January 1, 2019.   

As of December 31, 2016, the capital standards require the Company to maintain minimum ratios of “Common 
Equity Tier I” capital to total risk-weighted assets, “Tier I” capital to total risk-weighted assets, and total capital 
to risk-weighted assets of 4.50%, 6.00% and 8.00%, respectively.  Common Equity Tier I capital is comprised of 
common stock and related surplus, plus retained earnings, and is reduced by goodwill and other intangible 
assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities.  Tier I capital is comprised of Common Equity Tier I capital plus 
Additional Tier I Capital, which for the Company includes non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock and trust 
preferred securities.  Total capital is comprised of Tier I capital plus certain adjustments, the largest of which is 
our allowance for loan losses.  Risk-weighted assets refer to our on- and off-balance sheet exposures, adjusted 
for their related risk levels using formulas set forth in FED and FDIC regulations. 

In addition to the risk-based capital requirements described above, the Company and the Bank are subject to a 
leverage capital requirement, which calls for a minimum ratio of Tier I capital (as defined above) to quarterly 
average total assets of 3.00% to 5.00%, depending upon the institution’s composite ratings as determined by its 
regulators.  The FED has not advised the Company of any requirement specifically applicable to it. 

In addition to the minimum capital requirements described above, the regulatory framework for prompt 
corrective action also contains specific capital guidelines applicable to banks for classification as “well 
capitalized,” which are presented with the minimum ratios, the Company’s ratios and the Bank’s ratios as of 
December 31, 2016 and 2015 in the following table.  Based on the most recent notification from its regulators, 
the Bank is well capitalized under the framework.  There are no conditions or events since that notification that 
management believes have changed the Company’s classification. 

 152 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Also see Note 19 for discussion of preferred stock transactions that have affected the Company’s capital ratios. 

($ in thousands) 

  As of December 31, 2016 

Common Equity Tier I Capital Ratio 
    Company 
    Bank 
Total Capital Ratio  
    Company 
    Bank 
Tier I Capital Ratio 
    Company 
     Bank  
Leverage Ratio 
    Company 
    Bank  

  As of December 31, 2015 

Common Equity Tier I Capital Ratio 
    Company 
    Bank 
Total Capital Ratio  
    Company 
    Bank 
Tier I Capital Ratio 
    Company 
     Bank  
Leverage Ratio 
    Company 
    Bank  

Actual 

Amount 

Ratio 

Fully Phased-In Regulatory 
Guidelines Minimum 
Amount 
Ratio 
(must equal or exceed) 

To Be Well Capitalized 
Under Current Prompt 
Corrective Action Provisions 

Amount 
Ratio 
(must equal or exceed) 

$    308,712 
350,578 

10.92% 
12.40% 

$     197,968 
197,858 

7.00% 
7.00% 

$           N/A 
183,725 

377,847 
375,062 

353,363 
350,578 

353,363 
350,578 

13.36% 
13.27% 

     296,952 
296,787 

10.50% 
10.50% 

           N/A 
282,654 

12.49% 
12.40% 

10.17% 
10.10% 

240,390 
240,256 

138,981 
138,908 

8.50% 
8.50% 

4.00% 
4.00% 

N/A 
226,124 

N/A 
173,634 

$    282,766 
332,822 

11.22% 
13.22% 

$     176,344 
176,231 

7.00% 
7.00% 

$           N/A 
163,643 

364,125 
361,405 

335,053 
332,822 

335,053 
332,822 

14.45% 
14.36% 

     264,515 
264,347 

10.50% 
10.50% 

           N/A 
251,759 

13.30% 
13.22% 

10.38% 
10.32% 

214,131 
213,995 

129,087 
129,014 

8.50% 
8.50% 

4.00% 
4.00% 

N/A 
201,407 

N/A 
161,267 

N/A 
6.50% 

N/A 
10.00% 

N/A 
8.00% 

N/A 
5.00% 

N/A 
6.50% 

N/A 
10.00% 

N/A 
8.00% 

N/A 
5.00% 

 153 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 17.  Supplementary Income Statement Information 

Components of other noninterest income/expense exceeding 1% of total income for any of the years ended 
December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 are as follows: 

($ in thousands) 

2016 

2015 

2014 

Other service charges, commissions, and fees – debit card interchange income 
Other service charges, commissions, and fees – other interchange income 

Other operating expenses – credit/debit card processing expense 
Other operating expenses – stationery and supplies 
Other operating expenses – telephone and data line expense 
Other operating expenses – FDIC insurance expense 
Other operating expenses – data processing expense 
Other operating expenses – dues and subscriptions 
Other operating expenses – repossession and collection 
Other operating expenses – outside consultants 
Other operating expenses – legal and audit 
Other operating expenses – marketing 

Note 18.  Condensed Parent Company Information 

$         6,564    

3,018 

2,296 
2,066 
2,311 
2,009 
2,010 
1,604 
1,842 
1,700 
1,408 
1,999 

         6,433 
2,288 

           6,137 
           1,786 

2,181 
2,039 
2,133 
2,394 
1,935 
1,710 
2,167 
1,677 
1,689 
1,674 

1,728 
1,710 
1,990 
3,988 
1,654 
1,716 
2,092 
1,663 
1,955 
1,487 

Condensed financial data for First Bancorp (parent company only) follows: 

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS 
($ in thousands) 
Assets 
Cash on deposit with bank subsidiary 
Investment in wholly-owned subsidiaries, at equity 
Premises and Equipment 
Other assets 
         Total assets 

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity 
Trust preferred securities 
Other liabilities 
     Total liabilities 

Shareholders’ equity 

         Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 

As of December 31, 

2016 

2015 

$          4,530 
410,261 
7 
1,659 
$     416,457 

$       46,394 
1,962 
48,356 

368,101 

$     416,457 

          3,816 
384,926 
7 
1,652 
     390,401 

       46,394 
1,817 
48,211 

342,190 

     390,401 

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME 
($ in thousands) 

Year Ended December 31, 

2016 

2015 

2014 

Dividends from wholly-owned subsidiaries 
Earnings of wholly-owned subsidiaries, net of dividends 
Interest expense 
All other income and expenses, net 
          Net income  

          Preferred stock dividends 

$            9,000 
20,517 
(1,216) 
(792) 
  27,509 

(175) 

            72,500 
(43,328) 
(1,032) 
(1,106) 
  27,034 

(603) 

            9,000 
18,343 
(1,007) 
(1,340) 
  24,996 

(868) 

          Net income available to common shareholders 

$           27,334 

           26,431 

           24,128 

 154 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 
($ in thousands) 

2016 

Year Ended December 31, 
2015 

2014 

Operating Activities: 
     Net income 
     Excess of dividends over earnings of subsidiaries (Equity in 

undistributed earnings of subsidiaries) 

     Decrease in other assets 
     Increase (decrease) in other liabilities 
          Total – operating activities 

Financing Activities: 
      Payment of preferred and common cash dividends 
      Redemption of preferred stock  
      Proceeds from issuance of common stock 
      Stock withheld for payment of taxes 
          Total - financing activities 
Net increase (decrease) in cash 
Cash, beginning of year 
Cash, end of year 

Note 19.  Shareholders’ Equity Transactions 

Small Business Lending Fund 

$             27,509 

             27,034 

             24,996 

(20,517) 
15 
130 
7,137 

(6,632) 
− 
375 
(166) 
(6,423) 
714 
3,816 
 $             4,530 

43,328 
1 
(272) 
70,091 

(7,105) 
(63,500) 
112 
(54) 
(70,547) 
(456) 
4,272 
              3,816 

(18,343) 
23 
489 
7,165 

(7,171) 
− 
70 
− 
(7,101) 
64 
4,208 
              4,272 

On September 1, 2011, the Company completed the sale of $63.5 million of Series B Preferred Stock to the 
Secretary of the Treasury under the Small Business Lending Fund (“SBLF”).  The fund was established under the 
Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 that was created to encourage lending to small businesses by providing capital 
to qualified community banks with assets less than $10 billion. 

Under the terms of the stock purchase agreement, the Treasury received 63,500 shares of non-cumulative 
perpetual preferred stock with a liquidation value of $1,000 per share, in exchange for $63.5 million.  On June 
25, 2015, the Company redeemed $32 million (32,000 shares) of the outstanding SBLF stock.  The shares were 
redeemed at their liquidation value of $1,000 per share plus accrued dividends.  On October 16, 2015, the 
Company redeemed the remaining $31.5 million (31,500 shares) of the outstanding SBLF stock.  The shares were 
redeemed at their liquidation value of $1,000 per share plus accrued dividends.  With these redemptions, the 
Company ended its participation in the SBLF. 

For the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company accrued approximately $370,000 and 
$635,000, respectively, in preferred dividend payments for the Series B Preferred Stock.  This amount is 
deducted from net income in computing “Net income available to common shareholders.”  

Stock Issuance 

On December 21, 2012, the Company issued 2,656,294 shares of its common stock and 728,706 shares of the 
Company’s Series C Preferred Stock to certain accredited investors, each at the price of $10.00 per share, 
pursuant to a private placement transaction.  Net proceeds from this sale of common and preferred stock were 
$33.8 million and were used to strengthen and remove risk from the Company’s balance sheet in anticipation of 
a planned disposition of certain classified loans and write-down of foreclosed real estate.  

On December 22, 2016, the Company and the holder of the Series C Preferred Stock entered into an agreement 
to convert the preferred stock into common stock.  The Company exchanged 728,706 shares of preferred stock 
for the same number of shares of the Company’s common stock.  As a result of the exchange, the Company has 
no shares of preferred stock currently outstanding. 

 155 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Series C Preferred Stock qualified as Tier 1 capital and was Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock, with 
dividend rights equal to the Company’s common stock.  The Series C Preferred Stock was non-voting, except in 
limited circumstances. 

The Series C Preferred Stock paid a dividend per share equal to that of the Company’s common stock.  The 
Company accrued approximately $175,000, $233,000, and $233,000 in preferred dividend payments for the 
Series C Preferred Stock during 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.    

Note 20.  Subsequent Events 

As discussed in more detail in Note 2, on March 3, 2017, the Company completed its acquisition of Carolina Bank 
Holdings,  Inc.,  headquartered  in  Greensboro,  North  Carolina,  with  approximately  $705  million  in  total  assets. 
The  total  merger  consideration  consisted  of  $25.3  million  in  cash  and  3.8  million  shares  of  the  Company’s 
common stock. 

 156 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders 
First Bancorp 
Southern Pines, North Carolina 

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  First  Bancorp  and  subsidiaries  (the 
“Company”)  as  of  December  31,  2016  and  2015,  and  the  related  consolidated  statements  of  income, 
comprehensive  income,  shareholders'  equity,  and  cash  flows  for  each  of  the  three  years  in  the  period  ended 
December  31,  2016.    These  consolidated  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company’s 
management.  Our  responsibility  is to  express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on 
our audits.   

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board 
(United  States).  Those  standards  require  that  we  plan  and  perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance 
about  whether  the  financial  statements  are  free  of  material  misstatement.  An  audit  includes  examining,  on  a 
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes 
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating 
the  overall  financial  statement  presentation.  We  believe  that  our  audits  provide  a  reasonable  basis  for  our 
opinion. 

In our opinion, the consolidated  financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, 
the  financial  position  of  First  Bancorp  and  subsidiaries  as of December  31, 2016  and 2015,  and  the  results  of 
their  operations  and  their  cash  flows  for  each  of  the  three  years  in  the  period  ended  December  31,  2016,  in 
conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.   

We  have  also  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board 
(United  States),  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  December  31,  2016,  based  on 
criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  —  Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring 
Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  in  2013,  and  our  report  dated  March  14,  2017  expressed  an 
unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.   

/s/ Elliott Davis Decosimo, PLLC 

Charlotte, North Carolina 
March 14, 2017 

 157 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders 
First Bancorp 
Southern Pines, North Carolina 

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of First Bancorp and subsidiaries (the “Company”) 
as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by 
the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  in  2013  (the  “COSO  criteria”).  The 
Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for 
its  assessment  of  the  effectiveness  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  included  in  the  accompanying 
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion 
on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board 
(United  States).  Those  standards  require  that  we  plan  and  perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance 
about  whether  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  was  maintained  in  all  material  respects.  Our 
audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a 
material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control 
based  on  the  assessed  risk.    Our  audit  also  included  performing  such  other  procedures  as  we  considered 
necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

A  company's  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a  process  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance 
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes 
in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles.    A  company's  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting  includes  those  policies  and  procedures  that  (a)  pertain  to  the  maintenance  of  records  that,  in 
reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (b) 
provide  reasonable  assurance  that  transactions  are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit  preparation  of  financial 
statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of 
the  company  are  being  made  only  in  accordance  with  authorizations  of  management  and  directors  of  the 
company;  and  (c)  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  prevention  or  timely  detection  of  unauthorized 
acquisition,  use,  or  disposition  of  the  company's  assets  that  could  have  a  material  effect  on  the  financial 
statements. 

Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect 
misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that 
controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the 
policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

In  our  opinion,  the  Company  maintained,  in  all  material  respects,  effective  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the COSO criteria. 

We  have  also  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board 
(United  States),  the  consolidated  balance  sheets  of the  Company  as  of  December  31,  2016  and  2015  and  the 
related  consolidated  statements  of  income,  comprehensive  income,  shareholders’  equity,  and  cash  flows  for 

 158 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016 and our report dated March 14, 2017 expressed 
an unqualified opinion thereon.   

/s/ Elliott Davis Decosimo, PLLC 

Charlotte, North Carolina 
March 14, 2017 

 159 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 9.  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures 

None. 

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures   

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with 
the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and 
operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, which are our controls and other procedures that are 
designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our periodic reports with the SEC is recorded, 
processed, summarized and reported within the required time periods.  Disclosure controls and procedures 
include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be 
disclosed is communicated to our management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.  Based 
on the evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls 
and procedures are effective in allowing timely decisions regarding disclosure to be made about material 
information required to be included in our periodic reports with the SEC.   

Management’s Report On Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 

Management of First Bancorp and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and 
maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting.  Internal control over financial reporting is a 
process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the 
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting 
principles.  

Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the principal executive officer and 
principal financial officer, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over 
financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee 
of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013).  Based on this evaluation under the 
framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework, management of the Company has concluded the 
Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 Rules 13a-15(f), as of December 31, 2016.  

Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting 
objectives because of its inherent limitations.  Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves 
human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human 
failures. Internal control over financial reporting can also be circumvented by collusion or improper 
management override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be 
prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting.  However, these inherent 
limitations are known features of the financial reporting process.  Therefore, it is possible to design into the 
process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.  

Management is also responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial 
statements and other financial information contained in this report.  The accompanying consolidated financial 
statements were prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and include, as 
necessary, best estimates and judgments by management. 

 160 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Elliott Davis Decosimo, PLLC, an independent, registered public accounting firm, has audited the Company’s 
consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016, and audited the Company’s 
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, as stated in their report, 
which is included in Item 8 hereof.  

Changes in Internal Controls 

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during, or subsequent to, 
the fourth quarter of 2016 that were reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial 
reporting.   

Item 9B.  Other Information 

Not applicable. 

PART III 

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 

Incorporated herein by reference is the information under the captions “Directors, Nominees and Executive 
Officers,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” “Corporate Governance Policies and 
Practices” and “Board Committees, Attendance and Compensation” from the Company’s definitive proxy 
statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A. 

Item 11.  Executive Compensation 

Incorporated herein by reference is the information under the captions “Executive Compensation” and “Board 
Committees, Attendance and Compensation” from the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed 
pursuant to Regulation 14A. 

Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters 

Incorporated herein by reference is the information under the captions “Principal Holders of First Bancorp 
Voting Securities” and “Directors, Nominees and Executive Officers” from the Company’s definitive proxy 
statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A. 

See also “Additional Information Regarding the Registrant’s Equity Compensation Plans” in Item 5 of this report. 

Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 

Incorporated herein by reference is the information under the caption “Certain Transactions” and “Corporate 
Governance Policies and Practices” from the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to 
Regulation 14A. 

Item 14.  Principal Accountant Fees and Services  

Incorporated herein by reference is the information under the caption “Audit Committee Report” from the 
Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A. 

 161 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART IV 

Item 15.  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules  

(a) 1. 

Financial Statements - See Item 8 and the Cross Reference Index on page 3 for information concerning 
the Company’s consolidated financial statements and report of independent auditors. 

  2. 

Financial Statement Schedules - not applicable 

  3. 

Exhibits 

  The following exhibits are filed with this report or, as noted, are incorporated by reference.  Except as 

noted below the exhibits identified have SEC File No. 000-15572.  Management contracts, compensatory 
plans and arrangements are marked with an asterisk (*). 

2.1 

2.2  

2.3 

2.4 

2.5 

2.6 

3.a 

Purchase and Assumption Agreement among Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Receiver of 
Cooperative Bank, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and First Bank dated as of June 19, 2009 was 
filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 24, 2009, and is 
incorporated herein by reference. 

Purchase and Assumption Agreement among Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Receiver of The 
Bank of Asheville, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and First Bank, dated as of January 21, 2011, 
was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2011, and is 
incorporated herein by reference. 

Purchase and Assumption Agreement dated as of March 3, 2016 between First Bank (as Seller) and First 
Community Bank (as Purchaser) was filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K 
filed on March 7, 2016, and is incorporated herein by reference. 

Purchase and Assumption Agreement dated as of March 3, 2016 between First Community Bank (as 
Seller) and First Bank (as Purchaser) was filed as Exhibit 99.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 
8-K filed on March 7, 2016, and is incorporated herein by reference. 

Merger Agreement between First Bancorp and Carolina Bank Holdings, Inc. dated June 21, 2016 was 
filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 22, 2016, and is 
incorporated herein by reference. 

Termination Agreement Among the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Receiver of Cooperative 
Bank, Wilmington, North Carolina, and The Bank of Asheville, Asheville, North Carolina and First Bank 
dated as of September 22, 2016 was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K 
filed on September 22, 2016, and is incorporated herein by reference. 

Articles of Incorporation of the Company and amendments thereto were filed as Exhibits 3.a.i through 
3.a.v to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2002, and 
are incorporated herein by reference.  Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation were filed 
as Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 13, 2009, and are 
incorporated herein by reference.  Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation were filed as 
Exhibit 3.1.b to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3D filed on June 29, 2010 (Commission 
File No. 333-167856), and are incorporated herein by reference.  Articles of Amendment to the Articles 
of Incorporation were filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on 
September 6, 2011, and are incorporated herein by reference.  Articles of Amendment to the Articles of 

 162 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Incorporation were filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 
26, 2012, and are incorporated herein by reference. 

3.b 

Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company were filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current 
Report on Form 8-K filed on November 23, 2009, and are incorporated herein by reference. 

4.a 

  Form of Common Stock Certificate was filed as Exhibit 4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-

Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1999, and is incorporated herein by reference. 

10.a       Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and its Directors and Officers. 

10.b  

First Bancorp Senior Management Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to 
the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 22, 2006, and is incorporated herein by 
reference. (*) 

10.c  

First Bancorp 2004 Stock Option Plan was filed as Exhibit B to the Registrant's Form Def 14A filed on 
March 30, 2004, and is incorporated herein by reference. (*) 

10.d  

First Bancorp 2007 Equity Plan was filed as Appendix B to the Registrant's Form Def 14A filed on March 
27, 2007, and is incorporated herein by reference. (*) 

10.e  

First Bancorp 2014 Equity Plan was filed as Appendix B to the Registrant’s Form Def 14A filed on April 4, 
2014, and is incorporated herein by reference. (*) 

10.f  

First Bancorp Long Term Care Insurance Plan was filed as Exhibit 10(o) to the Company's Quarterly 
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2004, and is incorporated by reference. (*) 

10.g 

Advances and Security Agreement with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta dated February 15, 2005 
was attached as Exhibit 99(a) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2005, 
and is incorporated herein by reference. 

10.h       Form of Stock Option and Performance Unit Award Agreement was filed as Exhibit 10 to the Company’s 
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 23, 2008, and is incorporated herein by reference. (*) 

10.i 

Description of Director Compensation pursuant to Item 601(b)(10)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K. (*) 

10.j 

10.k 

10.l 

Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the First Bancorp 2007 Equity Plan was filed as Exhibit 
10.u to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, and is 
incorporated herein by reference. (*) 

First Bancorp Employees’ Pension Plan, including amendments, was filed as Exhibit 10.v to the 
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, and is incorporated 
herein by reference. (*) 

Employment Agreement between the Company and Richard H. Moore dated August 28, 2012 was filed 
as Exhibit 10.a to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 
2012, and is incorporated herein by reference. (*) 

10.m 

Securities Purchase Agreement, dated December 21, 2012, between First Bancorp and Purchasers, with 
respect to the issuance and sale of common stock and the issuance and sale of Series C Preferred Stock, 

 163 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 26, 2012, and 
is incorporated herein by reference. 

10.n 

Employment Agreement between the Company and Michael G. Mayer dated March 10, 2014 was filed 
as Exhibit 10.z to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, 
and is incorporated herein by reference. (*) 

10.o   Amendment to the First Bancorp Senior Management Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan dated 
March 11, 2014 was filed as Exhibit 10.aa to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year 
ended December 31, 2013, and is incorporated herein by reference. (*) 

10.p 

Employment Agreement between the Company and Edward F. Soccorso dated March 19, 2014 was filed 
as Exhibit 10.a to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, 
and is incorporated herein by reference. (*) 

10.q      Employment Agreement between the Company and Eric P. Credle dated November 7, 2014 was filed as 

Exhibit 10.a to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 
2014, and is incorporated herein by reference. (*) 

10.r  

10.s 

The Company’s Annual Incentive Plan for certain employees and executive officers was filed as Exhibit 
10(a) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 2, 2015, and is incorporated herein 
by reference. (*)   

Exchange Agreement by and between First Bancorp and Castle Creek Capital Partners IV, LP dated as of 
December 22, 2016 was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on 
December 22, 2016, and is incorporated herein by reference. 

12 

Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges. 

21  

List of Subsidiaries of Registrant  

23 

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Elliott Davis Decosimo, PLLC 

  31.1    Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 

302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 

  31.2    Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 

302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 

  32.1 

Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 
906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 

32.2 

Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 
906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 

101 

The following financial information from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended 
December 31, 2016, formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL):  (i) the Consolidated 
Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of 
Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, (v) the Consolidated 
Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 

 164 

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
______________ 
(b) 

Exhibits - see (a)(3) above. 

(c) 

No financial statement schedules are filed herewith. 

Copies of exhibits are available upon written request to:  First Bancorp, Elizabeth B. Bostian, Secretary, 300 
SW Broad Street, Southern Pines, North Carolina, 28387. 

 165 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, FIRST BANCORP has duly 
caused this Annual Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the 
City of Southern Pines, and State of North Carolina, on the 14th day of March 2017.  

SIGNATURES 

First Bancorp 

By:  /s/  Richard H. Moore  
            Richard H. Moore  
Chief Executive Officer and Treasurer 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed on behalf of the 

Company by the following persons and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.   

Executive Officers 

 /s/  Richard H. Moore 
Richard H. Moore 
Chief Executive Officer and Treasurer 
March 14, 2017 

                                                                 Board of Directors 

/s/ James C. Crawford, III 
James C. Crawford, III 
Chairman of the Board 
Director 
March 14, 2017 

________________ 
Donald H. Allred 
Director 
March 14, 2017 

/s/ Daniel T. Blue, Jr. 
Daniel T. Blue, Jr. 
Director 
March 14, 2017 

/s/ Mary Clara Capel 
Mary Clara Capel 
Director  
March 14, 2017 

________________ 
Abby J. Donnelly 
Director  
March 14, 2017 

/s/ Michael G. Mayer 
Michael G. Mayer 
Director 
March 14, 2017 

 166 

/s/ Eric P. Credle 
Eric P. Credle 
Executive Vice President 
Chief Financial Officer 
(Principal Accounting Officer) 
March 14, 2017 

/s/ Richard H. Moore 
Richard H. Moore 
Director 
March 14, 2017 

/s/ Thomas F. Phillips 
Thomas F. Phillips 
Director  
March 14, 2017 

/s/ O. Temple Sloan, III 
O. Temple Sloan, III 
Director  
March 14, 2017 

/s/ Frederick L. Taylor II 
Frederick L. Taylor II 
Director 
March 14, 2017 

/s/ Virginia C. Thomasson 
Virginia C. Thomasson 
Director  
March 14, 2017 

/s/ Dennis A. Wicker 
Dennis A. Wicker 
Director  
March 14, 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FIRST 
BANCORP

L O C A L F I R S T B A N K . C O M

300 SW Broad Street

Southern Pines, NC 28387