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Formula Systems (1985) Ltd.

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FY2015 Annual Report · Formula Systems (1985) Ltd.
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

(cid:133)

REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

(cid:95) ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015

OR

(cid:133)

(cid:133)

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________ to ___________

SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of event requiring this shell company report ______________

OR

Commission File Number: 000-29442

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter
and translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Israel
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

5 Haplada Street, Or Yehuda 60218, Israel
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Asaf Berenstin; 5 Haplada Street, Or Yehuda 60218, Israel
Tel: 972 3 5389487, Fax: 972 3 5389645
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile Number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class
American Depositary Shares, each
representing one Ordinary Share, NIS 1 par value

Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered
NASDAQ Global Select Market

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:
As of December 31, 2015, the registrant had 14,728,782 outstanding ordinary shares, NIS 1 par value, of which 210,791 were represented by American 
Depositary Shares.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

(cid:130)
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes (cid:133) No (cid:95)

Yes (cid:133) No (cid:95)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during 
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for 
the past 90 days.

Yes (cid:95) No (cid:133)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be 
submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the 
registrant was required to submit and post such files).    

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and 
large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Yes (cid:95) No (cid:133)

Large accelerated filer (cid:133)

Accelerated filer (cid:95)

Non-accelerated filer (cid:133)

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP (cid:95)

International Financial Reporting 
Standards as issued by the International 
Accounting Standards Board (cid:133)

Other (cid:133)

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Item 17 (cid:133) Item 18 (cid:133)

Yes (cid:133) No (cid:95)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
None.
ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
Name of Subsidiary

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INTRODUCTION

This annual report on Form 20-F contains various "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended,  and  Section  21E  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as  amended,  and  the  Private  Securities  Litigation  Reform  Act  of  1995,  as  amended,  with
respect to our business, financial condition and results of operations. Such forward-looking statements reflect our current view with respect to future events and
financial  results.  Statements  which  use  the  terms  “anticipate,”  “believe,”  “expect,”  “plan,”  “intend,”  “estimate” and  similar  expressions  are  intended  to
identify forward looking statements. We remind readers that forward-looking statements are merely predictions and therefore inherently subject to uncertainties
and  other  factors  and  involve  known  and  unknown  risks  that  could  cause  the  actual  results,  performance,  levels  of  activity,  or  our  achievements,  or  industry
results,  to  be  materially  different  from  any  future  results,  performance,  levels  of  activity,  or  our  achievements  expressed  or  implied  by  such  forward-looking 
statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. Except as required by
applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, we undertake no obligation to publicly release any update or revision to any forward looking
statements to reflect new information, future events or circumstances, or otherwise after the date hereof. We have attempted to identify significant uncertainties
and other factors affecting forward-looking statements in the Risk Factors section that appears in Item 3D. “Key Information - Risk Factors.”

Our  consolidated  financial  statements  appearing  in  this  annual  report  are  prepared  in  U.S.  dollars  and  in  accordance  with  Untied  States  generally
accepted  accounting  principles,  or  U.S.  GAAP.  All  references  in  this  annual  report  to  “dollars” or  “$” are  to  U.S.  dollars  and  all  references  in  this  annual 
report to “NIS” are to New Israeli Shekels. References to the Israeli CPI refer to the Israeli consumer price index. 

Statements  made  in  this  annual  report  concerning  the  contents  of  any  contract,  agreement  or  other  document  are  summaries  of  such  contracts,
agreements or documents and are not complete descriptions of all of their terms. If we filed any of these documents as an exhibit to this annual report or to any
previous filling with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, you may read the document itself for a complete recitation of its terms.

As used in this annual report, references to “we,” “our,” “ours” and “us” refer to Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise 
indicated. References to “Formula” refer to Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. alone. Our operations are currently conducted through our subsidiaries –, Matrix IT 
Ltd., or Matrix, and, InSync Staffing Solutions, Inc., or InSync, and our affiliated companies Sapiens International Corporation N.V., or Sapiens, Magic Software 
Enterprises Ltd., or Magic Software and TSG Advanced IT Systems, Ltd., or TSG. following our acquisition of a 50% share interest in TSG on May 9, 2016). 

From January 28, 2012 through November 18, 2013, when we lost control of Sapiens for accounting purposes (under U.S. GAAP) following Formula’s 

direct interest in Sapiens outstanding common shares decreasing from 56.8% to 48.8% and from December 23, 2014, when we regained control of Sapiens, 
through September 30, 2015, when we lost control of Sapiens for accounting purposes (under U.S. GAAP) following Formula’s direct interest in Sapiens 
outstanding common shares decreasing from 50% to 49.1%, Sapiens was our subsidiary. Through March 5, 2014, when we lost control of Magic Software for 
accounting purposes (under U.S. GAAP) following Formula’s direct interest in Magic outstanding ordinary shares decreasing from 51.4% to 45.1%, Magic 
Software was our subsidiary.

All trademarks appearing in this annual report are the property of their respective holders. 

3

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

PART I

Not applicable.

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

A. Selected Financial Data

The following tables present selected consolidated financial data as of the dates and for each of the periods indicated. The selected consolidated financial data set
forth  below  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  and  are  qualified  entirely  by  reference  to  Item  5.  “Operating  and  Financial  Review  and  Prospects” and  our 
consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this annual report.

We have derived the following consolidated income statement data for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 and the consolidated balance sheet
data as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 from our audited consolidated financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this annual report. We have derived
the consolidated income statement data for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2011, 2012
and  2013  from  our  audited  consolidated  financial  statements  that  are  not  included  in  this  annual  report.  Our  historical  consolidated  financial  statements  are
prepared  in  accordance  with  U.S.  generally  accepted  accounting  principles,  or  U.S.  GAAP  and  presented  in  U.S.  dollars.  During  2014,  certain  insignificant
irregularities were discovered in one of our subsidiaries which affected certain income statement line items for the year’s 2009 through-2013. These irregularities 
were corrected retroactively and such corrections are reflected in the Income Statement Data presented below. You should read the selected consolidated financial
data  together  with  our  consolidated  financial  statements  included  elsewhere  in  this  annual  report  and  with  “Item  5.  Operating  and  Financial  Review  and
Prospects.”

Income Statement Data:

2011

Year ended December 31,
2013
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

2012

2014

Revenues
Cost of revenues
Gross profit
Research and development costs, net

Selling, marketing, general and administrative expenses
Other expenses (income), net
Operating income
Financial expenses, net
Income before taxes on income
Taxes on income
Equity in gains of affiliated companies, net
Net income
Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling 
interests
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income attributable to Formula’s shareholders

$

$

$

638,899
492,886
146,013
5,148

93,340
(207)
47,732
(6,500)
41,232
5,276
25,870
61,826

-
19,517
42,309

$

4

$

742,981
564,803
178,178
12,349

110,758
(174)
55,245
(6,672)
48,573
6,145
3,744
46,172

795,881
603,080
192,801
14,168

117,877
14
60,742
(6,236)
54,506
8,728
60,683
106,461

(967)
23,766
23,373

$

1,735
24,039
80,687

$

$

$

636,417
530,083
106,334
787

70,517
(5)
35,035
(4,866)
30,169
10,074
74,590
94,685

154
13,698
80,833

$

2015

750,555
601,749
148,806
7,488

94,722
2
46,594
(8,254)
38,340
10,988
65,096
92,488

255
18,488
73,705

Net earnings per share

Basic
Diluted

Weighted average number of shares outstanding (in 

Thousands):
Basic
Diluted

Balance Sheet Data:

Total assets
Total liabilities
Equity

2011

3.12
3.06

13,514
13,669

Year ended December 31,
2013
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

2012

2014

1.73
1.67

13,596
13,790

5.88
5.68

13,725
14,123

5.80
5.59

13,929
14,408

2015

5.24
5.00

14,071
14,744

2011

2012

$

$

667,861
318,949
348,912

876,928
412,974
463,954

December 31,
2013
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
$

$

871,795
395,640
476,155

2014(1)

2015

$

1,125,124
468,460
656,664

1,066,949
524,683
542,266

1) As indicated above, the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2014 and the statement of income data for the year ended December 31, 2015 reflect the 
carrying amounts combination between Sapiens and Insseco as of December 31, 2014 and as of January 1, 2015, respectively, consistent with the pooling of 
interest accounting method that we applied to the acquisition of Insseco.

Dividends 

In January 2016, Formula declared a cash dividend to its shareholders, to be paid in February 2016, of $0.34 per share. The aggregate amount distributed

by Formula was approximately $5.0 million.

In June 2015, Formula declared a cash dividend to its shareholders, to be paid in August 2015, of $0.34 per share. The aggregate amount distributed by

Formula was approximately $5.0 million.

In  December  2014,  Formula  declared  a  cash  dividend  to  its  shareholders,  to  be  paid  in  February  2015,  of  $0.535  per  share.  The  aggregate  amount

distributed by Formula was approximately $7.9 million.

In  July  2014,  Formula  distributed  to  its  shareholders  a  cash  dividend  of  $0.48  per  share.  The  aggregate  amount  distributed  by  Formula  was

approximately $7.1 million.

In  December  2013,  Formula  declared  a  cash  dividend  to  its  shareholders,  to  be  paid  on  February  2014,  of  $0.31  per  share.  The  aggregate  amount

distributed by Formula was approximately $4.6 million.

In  July  2013,  Formula  distributed  to  its  shareholders  a  cash  dividend  of  $0.37  per  share.  The  aggregate  amount  distributed  by  Formula  was

approximately $5.4 million.

In  June  2011,  Formula  distributed  to  its  shareholders  a  cash  dividend  of  $0.71  per  share.  The  aggregate  amount  distributed  by  Formula  was

approximately $10 million.

5

In April 2010, Formula distributed to its shareholders a cash dividend of $1.47 per share, previously announced in March 2010. The aggregate amount

distributed by Formula was approximately $20 million.

Under  Formula’s  dividend  policy  adopted  by  its  board  of  directors,  sums  that  are  not  planned  to  be  used  for  investments  in  the  near  future  may  be

distributed to the shareholders as a cash dividend, to the extent that our performance allows for such distribution and subject to applicable Israeli law.

Cash dividends may be declared and paid in NIS or dollars. Dividends to the holders of Formula’s American Depositary Shares, or ADSs, are paid by 
the depositary of the ADSs, for the benefit of owners of ADSs. If a dividend is declared and paid in NIS in Israel, the NIS amount is converted into, and paid out
in, dollars by the depositary of the ADSs.

B.

Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

C.

Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

D.

Risk Factors

Our  business  prospects,  operating  results  and  financial  condition  could  be  seriously  harmed  due  to  any  of  the  following  risks.  Additional  risks  and
uncertainties that we are not aware of or that we currently believe are immaterial may also adversely affect our business prospects, financial condition, and results
of operations. The trading prices of our ordinary shares and ADSs could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry 

Rapid  technological  changes  may  adversely  affect  the  market  acceptance  of  our  products  and  services,  and  our  business,  results  of  operations  and
financial  condition  could  be  adversely  affected;  adapting  to  evolving  technologies  can  require  substantial  financial  investments,  distract  management
and adversely affect the demand for our existing products or services.

We compete in markets that are characterized by rapid technological changes. Other companies are also seeking to offer software solutions and other
products and services in our markets, including enterprise mobility solutions, internet-related solutions, such as cloud computing and business solutions for the
insurance and financial services industry, all to generate growth. These companies may develop technological or business model innovations in the markets that
we seek to address that are, or are perceived to be, equivalent or superior to our products. Furthermore, many of our smaller competitors have been acquired by
larger competitors, which provides such smaller competitors with greater resources and potentially a larger client base for which they can develop solutions. Our
customers or potential customers may prefer suppliers that are larger than us, are better known in the market or that have a greater global reach.

In addition, our customers’ business models may change in ways that we do not anticipate and these changes could reduce or eliminate our customers’
needs for our products and services. Our operating results depend on our ability to adapt to market changes and develop and introduce new products and services
into existing and emerging markets.

The introduction of new technologies and devices could render existing products and services obsolete and unmarketable and could exert price pressures

on our products and services. Our future success will depend upon our ability to address the increasingly sophisticated needs of our customers by:

6

(cid:120)     Supporting existing and emerging hardware, software, databases and networking platforms; and

(cid:120)     Developing  and  introducing  new  and  enhanced  software  development  technology  and  applications  that  keep  pace  with  such  technological

developments, emerging new product markets and changing customer requirements.

Adapting to evolving technologies can require substantial financial investments, distract management and adversely affect the demand for our existing
products and services.

Adapting to evolving technologies may require us to invest a significant amount of resources into the development, integration, support and marketing of
products and services that work with or utilize those technologies. For example, the acceptance and growth of cloud computing, enterprise mobility, security and
cyber  and  digital  are  examples  of  rapid  technological  changes  for  which  we  have  adapted  our  products  and  software  services  offerings.  Developing  and
implementing cloud computing, enterprise mobility, security and cyber and digital into certain of our software solution models and software services offerings
required  us  to  make  a  substantial  financial  investment  and  required  significant  attention  from  our  management  to  refine  our  business  strategies  to  include  the
delivery of these solutions. As the market continues to adopt new technologies, we expect to continue to make substantial investments in our service solutions and
system integrations related to these changing technologies. Even if we succeed in adapting to a new technology by developing attractive products and services
and successfully bringing them to market, there is no assurance that the new product or service will have a positive impact on our financial performance and could
even result in lower revenue, lower margins and higher costs and therefore could negatively impact our financial performance.

Unfavorable national and global economic conditions could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

During periods of slowing economic activity our customers may reduce their demand for our products, technology and software services, which would
reduce our sales, and our business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected. Economies throughout the world currently face a number
of  challenges,  including  threatened  sovereign  defaults,  credit  downgrades,  restricted  credit  for  businesses  and  consumers  and  potentially  falling  demand  for  a
variety of products and services. Notwithstanding the improving economic conditions in some of our markets, many companies are still cutting back expenditures
or  delaying  plans  to  add  additional  personnel  or  systems.  Any  further  worsening  of  global  economic  conditions  could  result  in  longer  sales  cycles,  slower
adoption of new technologies and increased price competition for our products and services. We could also be exposed to credit risk and payment delinquencies
on our accounts receivable, which are not covered by collateral. Any of these events would likely harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our development cycles are lengthy, we may not have the resources available to complete development of new, enhanced or modified, solutions and we
may incur significant expenses before we generate revenues, if any, from our solutions.

Because development of a significant portion of our solutions is complex and requires rigorous testing, development cycles can be lengthy, taking us up
to two years to develop and introduce new, enhanced or modified solutions. Moreover, development projects can be technically challenging and expensive. The
nature of these development cycles may cause us to experience delays between the time we incur expenses associated with research and development and the time
we generate revenues, if any, from such expenses. Furthermore, we may invest substantial resources in the development of solutions that do not achieve market
acceptance  or commercial  success.  We  may also  not  have  sufficient  funds or other  resources  to  make the required investments in  product development. Even
where we succeed in our sales efforts and obtain new orders from customers, the complexity involved in delivering certain of our solutions to such customers
makes it more difficult for us to consummate delivery in a timely manner and to recognize revenue and maximize profitability. Failure to deliver our solutions in
a timely manner could result in order cancellations, damage our reputation and require us to indemnify our customers. Any of these risks relating to our lengthy
and expensive development cycle could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

7

Our sales cycle is variable, depends upon many factors outside our control, and could cause us to expend significant time and resources prior to earning
associated revenues.

The typical sales cycle for certain of our solutions and services is lengthy and unpredictable, requires pre-purchase evaluation by a significant number of
persons in our customers’ organizations, and often involves a significant operational decision by our customers. Our sales efforts involve educating our customers
and industry analysts about the use and benefits of our products and services, including the technical capabilities of our products and the potential cost savings
achievable  by  organizations  deploying  our  solutions  or  utilize  our  services.  Customers  typically  undertake  a  significant  evaluation  process,  which  frequently
involves not only our products, but also those of our competitors and can result in a lengthy sales cycle with little or no control over any delays encountered by us.
We spend substantial time, effort and money in our sales efforts without any assurance that such efforts will produce any sales.

If  our  products  and  software  services  fail  to  compete  successfully  with  those  of  our  competitors,  we  may  have  to  reduce  the  prices  of  our  products,
which, in turn, may adversely affect our business. 

We face competition, both in Israel and internationally, from a variety of companies, including companies with significantly greater resources than ours

who are likely to enjoy substantial competitive advantages, including:

(cid:120)     longer operating histories;

(cid:120)     closer proximity to future markets;

greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources;

cheaper costs, including labor cost;

political leverage;

(cid:120)     greater name recognition;

(cid:120)     well-established relationships with our current and potential clients; and

(cid:120)     a broader range of products and services.

Magic Software competes with other companies in the areas of application platforms, business integration and business process management, or BPM,
tools, and in the applications, mobile solutions, vertical solutions and services markets in which it operates. Magic Software competes for potential customers
with  providers  of  outsourcing  services,  systems  integrators,  computer  systems  consultants,  other  providers  of  technical  IT  consulting  services  and,  to  a  lesser
extent, temporary personnel agencies.

Sapiens’ competitors in the insurance software solutions market differ from it in size, geography and lines of business. Some of its competitors offer a
full suite, while others offer only one module; some operate in specific (domestic) geographies, while others operate on a global basis. Delivery models vary, with
some competitors keeping delivery in-house, using IT outsourcing (ITO) or business process outsourcing (BPO).

These competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies or changes in customer requirements. They may also benefit
from greater purchasing economies, offer more aggressive product and service pricing or devote greater resources to the promotion of their products and services.
Current  and  potential  competitors  have  established  or  may  establish  cooperative  relationships  among  themselves  or  with  third  parties  to  increase  such
competitors’ ability to successfully market their tools and services. We also expect that competition will increase as a result of continued consolidation within the
industry. Our further penetration of international markets may likewise cause us to face additional competition. As a result, we cannot assure you that the products
and solutions that we offer will compete successfully with those of our competitors.

We may be unable to differentiate our tools and services from those of our competitors or successfully develop and introduce new tools and services that

are less costly than, or superior to, those of our competitors. This could have a material adverse effect on our ability to compete.

Furthermore, several software development centers in Israel and worldwide offer software development services at lower prices than we do. Due to the
intense competition in the markets in which we operate, software products and services prices may fluctuate significantly. As a result, we may have to reduce the
prices of our products, which in turn, may adversely affect our revenues and the gross margins for our products.

8

As  some  of  our  revenues  are  derived  from  the  Israeli  government  sector,  including  defense,  healthcare,  education  and  finance,  a  reduction  of
government  spending  in  Israel  on  IT  services  may  reduce  our  revenues  and  profitability;  and  any  delay  in  the  annual  budget  approval  process  may
negatively impact our cash flows. 

We perform work for a wide range of Israeli governmental agencies and related subcontractors. Any reduction in total Israeli government spending for
political or economic reasons, such as what occurred during the Israeli recession that ended in 2004 or the recent worldwide recession may reduce our revenues
and profitability. In addition, the government of Israel has experienced significant delays in the approval of its annual budget in recent years. Such delays in the
future could negatively affect our cash flows by delaying the receipt of payments from the government of Israel for services performed.

TSG, our latest acquisition, derives most of its revenues directly or indirectly from government agencies, mainly the Israeli Ministry of Defense (IMOD)
and authorities of various countries, pursuant to contracts awarded to it under defense and homeland security-related programs. The funding of these programs 
could be reduced or eliminated due to numerous factors, including geo-political events and macro-economic conditions that are beyond our control. Reduction or 
elimination  of  government  spending  under  our  contracts  would  cause  a  negative  effect  on  TSG’s  revenues,  results  of  operations,  cash  flow  and  financial 
condition. Furthermore, the Israeli government may reduce its expenditures for defense items or change its defense priorities in the coming years. In addition, the
Israeli defense budget may be adversely affected if there is a reduction in U.S. foreign military assistance.

Our clients’ complex regulatory requirements may increase our costs, which could negatively impact our profits.

Some  of  our  clients,  particularly  those  in  the  financial  services,  life  sciences,  healthcare  and  defense  verticals,  are  subject  to  complex  and  constantly
changing regulatory requirements. On occasion, these regulatory requirements change unpredictably. These regulations may increase our potential liabilities if our
services are found to contribute to a failure by our clients to comply with the requirements applicable to them and may increase compliance costs as regulatory
requirements increase or change. These increased costs could negatively impact our profits.

With respect to certain of our defense sector command and control software solutions which are developed and offered by our affiliate, TSG, we depend
on governmental approval of our exports. 

Our international sales, as well as our international procurement of skilled human resources, technology and components, related to our command and
control software solutions, depends largely on export license approvals from the governments of Israel, the U.S. and other countries. If we fail to obtain material
approvals in the future, or if material approvals previously obtained are revoked or expire and are not renewed, our ability to sell our products and services to
overseas customers and our ability to obtain goods and services essential to TSG’s business could be interrupted, resulting in a material adverse effect on TSG’s 
business, revenues, assets, liabilities and results of operations.

Investment in highly skilled research and development and customer support personnel is critical to our ability to develop and enhance our solutions
and support our customers, but an increase in such investment may reduce our profitability.

As  providers  of  software  solutions  that  rely  upon  technological  advancements,  we  rely  heavily  on  our  research  and  development  activities  to  remain
competitive. We consequently are highly dependent on the ability to attract, train, motivate and retain highly skilled information technology professionals for our
research and development team, particularly individuals with knowledge and experience in the insurance and defense industries. Because our software solutions
are  highly  complex  and  are  generally  used  by  our  customers  to  perform  critical  business  functions,  we  also  depend  heavily  on  other  skilled  technology
professionals to provide ongoing support to our customers. Skilled technology professionals are often in high demand and short supply. If we are unable to hire or
retain qualified research and development personnel and other technology professionals to develop, implement and modify our solutions, we may be unable to
meet the needs of our customers. Even if we succeed in retaining the necessary skilled personnel in our research and development and customer support efforts,
our investment in our personnel and product development might increase our costs of operations and thereby reduce our profitability, unless compensated through
increased  revenues.  Given  the  highly  competitive  industry  in  which  we  operate,  we  may  not  succeed  in  increasing  our  revenues  in  line  with  our  increasing
investments in our personnel and research and development efforts.

9

Furthermore,  if  we  seek  to  expand  the  marketing  and  offering  of  our  products  into  new  territories,  it  would  require  the  retention  of  new,  additional
skilled  personnel  with  knowledge  of  the  particular  market  and  applicable  regulatory  regime.  Such  skilled  personnel  may  not  be  available  at  a  reasonable  cost
relative to the additional revenues that we expect to generate in those territories, or may not be available at all.

Our business involves long-term, large projects, some of which are fixed-price projects that involve uncertainties, such as estimated project costs and
profit margins, and which can therefore adversely affect our results of operations.

Our  business  is  characterized  by  certain  relatively  large  projects  or  engagements  that  can  have  a  significant  impact  on  our  total  revenue  and  cost  of
revenue from quarter to quarter. A high percentage of our expenses, particularly employee compensation, are relatively fixed. Therefore, a variation in the timing
of the initiation, progress or completion of projects or engagements can cause significant variations in operating results from quarter to quarter.

This  is  particularly  the  case  on  fixed-price  contracts.  Some  of  our  solutions  and  services  are  sold  as  fixed-price  projects  with  delivery  requirements
spanning more than one year. As certain of our projects can be highly complex, we may not be able to accurately estimate our actual costs of completing a fixed-
price  project.  If  our  actual  cost-to-completion  of  these  projects  exceeds  significantly  the  estimated  costs,  we  could  experience  a  loss  on  the  related  contracts,
which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position and cash flow.

Similarly, delays in executing client contracts (whether fixed price or not) may affect our revenue and cause our operating results to vary widely. Certain
of our solutions are delivered over periods of time ranging from several months to a few years. Payment terms are generally based on periodic payments or on the
achievement of milestones. Any delays in payment or in the achievement of milestones may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial
position or cash flows.

Certain of our contracts may be terminated for convenience of the customer. 

Our  contracts  with  governments  often  contain  provisions  permitting  termination  for  convenience  of  the  customer.  Our  subcontracts  with  non-
governmental  prime  contractors  sometimes  contain  similar  provisions  permitting  termination  for  the  convenience  of  the  prime  contractors.  In  a  minority  of
contracts with such customers, an early termination for convenience would not entitle us to reimbursement for a proportionate share of our fee or profit for work
still in progress.

We  may  be  liable  to  our  clients  for  damages  caused  by  a  violation  of  intellectual  property  rights,  the  disclosure  of  other  confidential  information,
including personally identifiable information, system failures, errors or unsatisfactory performance of services, and our insurance policies may not be
sufficient to cover these damages.

We often have access to, and are required to collect and store, sensitive or confidential client information, including personally identifiable information.
Some of our client agreements do not limit our potential liability for breaches of confidentiality, infringement indemnity and certain other matters. Furthermore,
breaches of confidentiality may entitle the aggrieved party to equitable remedies, including injunctive relief. If any person, including any of our employees and
subcontractors, penetrates our network security or misappropriates sensitive or confidential client information, including personally identifiable information, we
could  be  subject  to  significant  liability  from  our  clients  or  from  our  clients’ customers  for  breaching  contractual  confidentiality  provisions  or  privacy  laws.
Despite measures we take to protect the intellectual property and other confidential information or personally identifiable information of our clients, unauthorized
parties,  including  our  employees  and  subcontractors,  may  attempt  to  misappropriate  certain  intellectual  property  rights  that  are  proprietary  to  our  clients  or
otherwise breach our clients’ confidences. Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential client information, including personally identifiable information,
or a violation of intellectual property rights, whether through employee misconduct, breach of our computer systems, systems failure or otherwise, may subject us
to liabilities, damage our reputation and cause us to lose clients.

10

Many of our contracts involve projects that are critical to the operations of our clients’ businesses and provide benefits to our clients that may be difficult 
to quantify. Any failure in a client’s system or any breach of security could result in a claim for substantial damages against us, regardless of our responsibility for
such failure. Furthermore, any errors by our employees in the performance of services for a client, or poor execution of such services, could result in a client
terminating our engagement and seeking damages from us.

In addition, while we have taken steps to protect the confidential information that we have access to, including confidential information we may obtain
through  usage  of  our  cloud-based  services,  our security  measures  may  be  breached.  If  a cyber-attack  or  other  security  incident  were  to  result  in  unauthorized 
access to or modification of our customers’ data or our own data or our IT systems or in disruption of the services we provide to our customers, or if our products
or services are perceived as having security vulnerabilities, we could suffer significant damage to our business and reputation.

Although we attempt to limit our contractual liability for consequential damages in rendering our services, these limitations on liability may not apply in
all circumstances, may be unenforceable in some cases, or may be insufficient to protect us from liability for damages. There may be instances when liabilities for
damages are greater than the insurance coverage we hold and we will have to internalize those losses, damages and liabilities not covered by our insurance.

Changes in privacy regulations may impose additional costs and liabilities on us, limit our use of information, and adversely affect our business.

Personal privacy has become a significant issue in the United States, Europe, and many other countries where we operate. Many government agencies
and industry regulators continue to impose new restrictions and modify existing requirements about the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information.
Changes  to  laws  or  regulations  affecting  privacy  and  security  may  impose  additional  liability  and  costs  on  us  and  may  limit  our  use  of  such  information  in
providing our services to customers. If we were required to change our business activities, revise or eliminate services or products, or implement burdensome
compliance measures, our business and results of operations may be harmed. Additionally, we may be subject to regulatory enforcement actions resulting in fines,
penalties, and potential litigation if we fail to comply with applicable privacy laws and regulations.

If we fail to locate, successfully compete for and consummate suitable acquisitions and investments, we may be unable to grow or maintain our market
share.

As part of our strategy, we intend to pursue acquisitions of, and investments in, other businesses, particularly businesses offering products, technologies
and  services  that  are  complementary  to  ours  and  are  suitable  for  integration  into  our  business.  We  cannot  assure  you  that  we  will  be  able  to  locate  suitable
potential acquisition or investment opportunities in Israel or internationally, or if we do identify suitable candidates, that at the conclusion of related discussions
and  negotiations,  we  will  be  able  to  consummate  the  acquisitions  or  investments  on  terms  which  are  favorable  to  us.  If  and  when  acquisition  or  investment
opportunities arise, we expect to compete for these opportunities with other established and well-capitalized entities and we cannot guarantee that we will succeed 
in such competition on terms which remain favorable to us. If we fail to consummate further acquisitions or investments in the future, our ability to grow or to
even maintain our market share may be harmed.

Any future acquisitions of, or investments in, companies or technologies, especially those located outside of Israel, may distract our management, disrupt
our business and may be difficult to finance on favorable terms.

As described above, it is part of our strategy to pursue acquisitions of, and investments in, companies offering products, technologies and services in
order to expand our product offerings or services or otherwise enhance our market position and strategic strengths. In the past three years we made a number of
acquisitions, including:

11

In  April  2014,  Formula  acquired  InSync  Staffing  Solutions,  Inc.,  a  U.S.  based  full-service  provider  of  consulting  and  staffing  solutions  for  IT, 
engineering  and  other  professional  staff  (i.e.  accounting  and  finance,  administrative,  customer  service,  healthcare,  human  resources,  manufacturing,
marketing/sales, and operations). The total consideration paid by Formula was $4.0 million.

In  May  2016,  Formula  and  Israel  Aerospace  Industries  (“IAI”)  each  acquired  50%  of  TSG,  a  subsidiary  and  the  military  arm  of  Ness  Technologies,
which is engaged in the fields of command and control systems, intelligence, homeland security and cybersecurity. Each of Formula and IAI acquired and each
paid a purchase price of $25.8 million (subject to certain adjustments).

In  August  2014,  our  affiliated  company  Sapiens  acquired  Knowledge  Partners  International  LLC,  or  KPI  and  the  assets  of  The  Decision  Model
Licensing LLC, or TDML. KPI is a leader in decision management consultancy, services and training and through TDML owns certain patents used as part of
Sapiens’ Decision solution. The total consideration was $2.1 million in cash and 57,000 ordinary shares of Sapiens Software Solutions (Decision) Ltd., or Sapiens
Decision, the subsidiary of Sapiens which holds all of the interests in KPI. In addition, one of the shareholders of KPI received 88,500 restricted shares of Sapiens
Decision plus $450,000 in cash, subject to certain performance criteria.

In May 2015, Sapiens acquired IBEXI Solutions Private Limited (“IBEXI”), an India-based provider of insurance solutions and services, which services 
18 insurers in both the P&C and L&P markets throughout Southeast Asia. The total purchase price in this acquisition was approximately $4.8 million, which was
paid in cash by Sapiens at the closing, and which is subject to adjustment based on certain future criteria.

In  August  2015,  Sapiens  acquired  Insseco,  a  Poland-based  software  and  services  provider  for  the  insurance  market,  from  Asseco,  the  controlling
shareholder of Formula, which helped Sapiens to establish a strong presence in the Polish insurance market. Sapiens paid approximately $9.1 million in cash for
Insseco, subject to upwards adjustment based on its achieving future revenue goals.

In November 2013, Magic Software acquired the operations of Allstates Technical Services, LLC, a U.S. based full-service provider of consulting and

staffing solutions for IT, Engineering and Telecom personnel, for a total consideration of $11.0 million.

In  April  2015  Magic  acquired  a  70%  interest  in  Comblack  IT  Ltd.,  an  Israeli-based  company  that  specializes  in software  professional  and  outsource
management  services  for  mainframes  and  complex  large-scale  environments,  for  a  total  consideration  of  $1.8  million,  of  which  $ 1.5  million  was  paid  upon
closing and $ 0.3 million was contingent upon the acquired business meeting certain operational targets in 2015. Magic and the seller hold mutual Call and Put
options respectively for the remaining 30% interest in the company. In March 2016, Magic paid the seller the remaining contingent payments for meeting 2015
operational targets.

In  June  2015  Magic  acquired  a  70%  interest  in  Infinigy  Solutions  LLC,  a  US-based  services  company  focused  on  expanding  the  development  and
implementation  of  technical  solutions  throughout  the  telecommunications  industry  with  offices  over  the  US,  providing  nationwide  coverage  and  support  for
wireless engineering, deployment services, surveying, environmental service and project management, for a total consideration of $6.4 million, of which $ 5.6
was paid upon closing and $ 0.8 million is contingent upon the acquired business meeting certain operational targets in 2016 and 2017. Magic and the seller hold
mutual Call and Put options respectively for the remaining 30% interest in the company.

During the year ended December 31, 2014, Matrix completed three acquisitions for a total cash consideration of up to approximately $4.7 million, of
which  $  3.1  million  was  attributed  to  goodwill  and  $  1.3  million  to  other  identifiable  intangible  assets.  These  acquisitions  generally  enhance  our  group's
technologies, product and services offerings. 

12

In  April  2015  Xtivia  Inc.  (a  wholly  owned  subsidiary  of  Matrix)  completed  the  acquisition  of  all  of  the  outstanding  shares  of  Hydus  Inc.  in  total
consideration  of  $  2.5  million.  Hydus  Inc.  is  a  U.S  based  consulting  firm  specializing  in  software  services  in  the  field  of  EIM  (Enterprise  Information
Management). In addition, the sellers may be eligible for future consideration, valued at $ 1.6 million as of December 31, 2015, subject to obtaining accumulated
operating income targets during three years (not exceeding Hydus operating income).

In May 2015, Matrix completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding shares of Ono Apps Ltd., an Israeli based service provider specializing in mobile
applications  development  services,  for  total  consideration  of  NIS  4.6  million  (approximately  $  1.2  million).  In  addition,  the  sellers  may  be  eligible  for  future
consideration, valued at $ 0.3 million as of December 31, 2015, subject to obtaining accumulated operating income targets during three years commencing on
January 1, 2016, not exceeding NIS 5.0 million (approximately $ 1.3 million).

During the year ended December 31, 2015, Formula and its subsidiaries and affiliates completed an additional five other acquisitions for a total cash
consideration  of  approximately  $3.8,  million  and  increased  their  share  interest  in  two  existing  subsidiaries  for  total  consideration  of  $  1.7  million.  These
acquisitions generally enhance our technologies, product and services offerings. Pro forma results of operations for these acquisitions have not been presented
because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations, either individually or in the aggregate.

Mergers and acquisitions of companies are inherently risky and subject to many factors outside of our control and no assurance can be given that our
future  acquisitions  will  be  successful  and  will  not  adversely  affect  our  business,  operating  results,  or  financial  condition.  Failure  to  manage  and  successfully
integrate  acquisitions  could  materially  harm  our  business  and  operating  results.  Prior  acquisitions  have  resulted  in  a  wide  range  of  outcomes,  from  successful
introduction of new products and technologies to a failure to do so. Even when an acquired company has previously developed and marketed products, there can
be no assurance that new product enhancements will be made in a timely manner or that pre-acquisition due diligence will have identified all possible issues that
might arise with respect to such products. If we acquire other businesses, we may face difficulties, including:

(cid:120) Difficulties in integrating the operations, systems, technologies, products, and personnel of the acquired businesses or enterprises;
(cid:120) Diversion of management’s attention from normal daily operations of the business and the challenges of managing larger and more widespread 

operations resulting from acquisitions;
Potential difficulties in completing projects associated with in-process research and development;

(cid:120)
(cid:120) Difficulties in entering markets in which we have no or limited direct prior experience and where competitors in such markets have stronger market 

(cid:120)
(cid:120)

positions;
Insufficient revenue to offset increased expenses associated with acquisitions; and
The potential loss of key employees, customers, distributors, vendors and other business partners of the companies we acquire following and 
continuing after announcement of acquisition plans.

Furthermore, we may not be able to retain the key employees that may be necessary to operate the businesses we acquired and may acquire and we may
not be able to timely attract new skilled employees and management to replace them. An acquisition may also involve accounting charges and/or amortization of
significant  amounts  of  intangible  assets,  which  would  adversely  affect  our  ability  to  achieve  and  maintain  profitability.  These  difficulties  could  disrupt  our
ongoing business, distract our management and employees, increase our expenses and adversely affect our results of operations.

Any acquisition or investment in a company located outside of Israel poses additional risks, including risks related to the monitoring of a management
team from a great distance and the need to integrate a potentially different business culture. Our failure to successfully integrate such a newly acquired business or
such an investment could harm our business.

13

We may furthermore need to raise capital in connection with any such acquisition or investment, which we would likely seek via public or private equity
or  debt  offerings.  For  example,  we  issued  $58.3  million  (net  of  issuance  expenses)  of  secured  debentures,  or  Series  A  Secured  Debentures,  and  convertible
debentures, or Series B Convertible Debentures as part of a public offering in Israel in September 2015. The issuance of equity securities pursuant to any such
financing could be dilutive to our existing shareholders. The issuance of equity securities by any of our significant subsidiaries and affiliates pursuant to any such
financing could be dilutive to our existing interest in these subsidiaries and affiliates. If we raise funds through debt offerings, we may be pressured in serving
such debt. If we use cash or debt financing, our financial liquidity will be reduced, the holders of our debt may have claims on our assets ahead of holders of our
ordinary shares and our business operations may be restricted by the terms of any debt. Our ability to raise capital in this manner also depends upon market and
other conditions, many of which are beyond our control. Due to unfavorable conditions, we could be required to seek alternative financing methods, such as bank
financings, which involve borrowing money on terms that are not favorable to us. Difficulties in raising equity capital or obtaining debt financing on favorable
terms, or the unavailability of financing, including bank borrowings, may hinder our ability to implement our strategy for selective acquisitions and investments.

If we fail to manage our growth, our business could be disrupted and our profitability will likely decline. 

We have experienced rapid growth during the last five years, through acquisitions and organic growth. The number of our employees increased from
approximately  5,339  as  of  December  31,  2010  to  approximately  10,981  as  of  December  31,  2015  (including  our  affiliated  companies  Sapiens  and  Magic
Software)  and  may  increase  further  as  we  aim  to  enhance  our  businesses.  This  increase  may  significantly  strain  our  management  and  other  operational  and
financial resources. In particular, continued headcount growth increases the integration challenges involved in:

recruiting, training and retaining skilled technical, marketing and management personnel;

(cid:120)
(cid:120) maintaining high quality standards;
(cid:120)
(cid:120)

preserving our corporate culture, values and entrepreneurial environment;
developing and improving our internal administrative infrastructure, particularly our financial, operational, communications and other internal 
controls; and

(cid:120) maintaining high levels of client satisfaction.

The  rapid  execution  necessary  to  exploit  the  market  for  our  business  model  requires  an  effective  planning  and  management  process.  Our  systems,
procedures  or  controls  may  not  be  adequate  to  support  the  growth  in  our  operations,  and  our  management  may  not  be  able  to  achieve  the  rapid  execution
necessary  to  exploit  the  market  for  our  business  model.  Our  future  operating  results  will  also  depend  on  our  ability  to  expand  our  development,  sales  and
marketing organizations. If we are unable to manage growth effectively, our profitability will likely decline.

The increasing amount of intangible assets and goodwill recorded on our balance sheet may lead to significant impairment charges in the future.

We regularly review our long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets and goodwill, for impairment. Goodwill and indefinite life intangible
assets are subject to impairment review at least annually. Other long-lived assets are reviewed when there is an indication that impairment may have occurred.
The amount of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets on our consolidated balance sheet has increased significantly from $199.6 million as of December 31,
2010 to $449.3 million and $167.1 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively, as a result of our acquisitions, and may increase further following
future acquisitions. Impairment testing under U.S. GAAP may lead to further impairment charges in the future. Any significant impairment charges could have a
material adverse effect on our results of operations. The decrease in the amount of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets on our consolidated balance sheet
from December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2015 is solely due to the deconsolidation of Sapiens as of September 30, 2015.

14

During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, no impairment was required for any of our reporting units and no impairment losses were

identified for these intangible assets and software products.

Our  credit  facility  agreements  with  banks  and  other  financial  institutions  contain  and  our  Series  A  Secured  Debentures  and  Series  B  Convertible
Debentures are subject to a number of restrictive covenants which, if breached, could result in acceleration of our obligation to repay our debt. 

In the context of our engagements with banks and other financial institutions for receiving various credit facilities and under the terms governing our
Series A Secured Debentures  and Series B Convertible Debentures,  we have undertaken to maintain a  number of conditions  and limitations on the manner in
which  we  can  operate  our  business,  including  limitations  on  our  ability  to  distribute  dividends,  incur  debt  and  sell  or  acquire  assets.  These  credit  facilities
agreements also contain various covenants which require us to maintain certain financial ratios related to shareholders’ equity, total rate of debt and liabilities,
minimum outstanding balance of total cash and short-term investments and operating results that are customary for companies of comparable size and the risk that 
we may not be able to maintain in the future the rating level assigned to the Notes. These limitations and covenants may force us to pursue less than optimal
business strategies or forego business arrangements which could have been financially advantageous to us and, by extension, to our shareholders. In addition, we
have  secured  a  credit  facility and  our  Series  A  Secured  Debentures  with  certain  of  the  shares  of  Formula’s  publicly  held  subsidiary  Matrix  and  our  affiliated 
companies Sapiens and Magic Software. A breach of the restrictive covenants could result in the acceleration of our obligations to repay our debt.

Marketing our products and services in international markets may require increased expenses and greater exposure to risks that we may not be able to
successfully address.

We  intend  to  continue  to  focus  our  efforts  on  selling  proprietary  software  solutions  and  services  in  international  markets  and  to  devote  significant
resources to these efforts to expand our international operations as part of our growth strategy. If we are unable to continue achieving market acceptance for our
solutions  or  continue  to  successfully  penetrate  international  markets,  our  business  will  be  harmed.  In  2014  and  2015,  we  received  approximately  16.5%  and
30.0% of our consolidated revenues, respectively, from customers located outside of Israel (including but not limited to the United States, Europe, Japan, Asia-
Pacific, India and South Africa). The expansion of our existing operations and entry into additional international markets will require significant management
attention and financial resources which could adversely affect our business. If we had continued to consolidate Magic’s and Sapiens’ revenues in all of 2015, 42% 
of our revenues would have been generated from customers located outside of Israel.

Our international operation subjects us to many risks inherent to international business activities, including:

(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)

limitations and disruptions resulting from the imposition of government controls;
changes in regulatory requirements;
export license requirements;
economic or political instability;
trade restrictions;
changes in tariffs;
currency fluctuations;
difficulties in the collection of receivables;
foreign tax consequences;
compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or FCPA, particularly in emerging market countries;
increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities;

15

(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)

greater difficulty in localizing certain of our products and licensing programs for international customers
greater difficulty in safeguarding intellectual property; and
difficulties in managing overseas subsidiaries and international operations.

As we continue to expand our business globally, our success will depend, in large part, on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these and
other risks associated with our international operations. Any of these risks could harm our international operations and reduce our international sales, adversely
affecting our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects.

Errors or defects in our software solutions could inevitably arise and would harm our profitability and our reputation with customers, and could even
give rise to liability claims against us.

The quality of our solutions, including new, modified or enhanced versions thereof, is critical to our success. Since certain of our software solutions are
complex, they may contain errors that cannot be detected at any point in their testing phase. While we continually test all our software solutions for errors or
defects and work with customers our partners and end-users (who occasionally participate in our beta-testing of certain programs) to identify and correct them, 
errors in our technology may be found in the future. Testing for errors or defects is complicated because it is difficult to simulate the breadth of operating systems,
user applications and computing environments that our customers use or in the applications developed with our technology. Errors or defects in our technology
have resulted in terminated work orders and could result in delayed or lost revenue, diversion of development resources and increased services, termination of
work orders, damage to our brand and warranty and insurance costs in the future. In addition, time-consuming implementations may also increase the number of 
services  personnel  we  must  allocate  to  each  customer,  thereby  increasing  our  costs  and  adversely  affecting  our  business,  results  of  operations  and  financial
condition.

In  addition,  since  our  customers  rely  on  our  solutions  to  operate,  monitor  and  improve  the  performance  of  their  business  processes  or  to  develop  or
integrate their business applications, they are sensitive to potential disruptions that may be caused by the use of, or any defects in, our software. As a result, we
may be subject to claims for damages related to software errors in the future. Liability claims could require us to spend significant time and money in litigation or
to pay significant damages. Regardless of whether we prevail, diversion of key employees’ time and attention from our business, the incurrence of substantial 
expenses and potential damage to our reputation might result. While the terms of our standard sales contracts typically limit our exposure to potential liability
claims and we carry errors and omissions insurance against such claims, there can be no assurance that such insurance will continue to be available on acceptable
terms,  if  at  all,  or  that  such  insurance  will  provide  us  with  adequate  protection  against  any  such  claims.  A  significant  liability  claim  against  us  could  have  a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position. Accordingly, the adverse consequences of, and expenses related to, failures,
errors and defects could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Failure to meet customer expectations with respect to the implementation and use of our solutions or damage caused by our solutions to our customers’
information systems could result in negative publicity, reduced sales and diversion of resources, may cause the cancellation of our contracts and may
subject us to liability claims, all of which would harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects. 

We generally provide our customers with upfront estimates regarding the duration, budget and costs associated with the implementation of our products.
Implementation of some of our solutions is complex and meeting the anticipated duration, budget and costs often depends on factors relating to our customers or
their other vendors. We may not meet the upfront estimates and expectations of our customers for the implementation of products as a result of our products’
capabilities or service engagements by us, our system integrator partners or our customers' IT employees. Consequently, if we fail to meet upfront estimates and
the expectations of our customers for the implementation of our products, our reputation could be harmed, which could adversely affect our ability to attract new
customers and sell additional products and services to existing customers.

16

In addition, some of the products and software services that we provide involve key aspects of customers’ information systems and may be considered
critical to the operations of our clients’ businesses. As a result, our customers have a greater sensitivity to failures in these systems than do customers of other
software products generally. In addition, our exposure to legal liability may be increased in the case of outsourcing contracts in which we become more involved
in our clients’ operations. If a customer’s system fails during or following the provision of products or services by us, or if we fail to provide customers with
proper support for our software products or do so in an untimely manner, we are exposed to the risks of cancellation of our contract with the customer and a legal
claim  for  substantial  damages  being  filed  against  us,  regardless  of  whether  or  not  we  are  responsible  for  the  failure.  While  we  typically  strive  to  include
provisions designed to limit our exposure to legal claims relating to our services and the solutions we develop, these provisions may not adequately protect us or
may not be enforceable in all cases. The general liability insurance coverage that we maintain, including coverage for errors and omissions, is subject to important
exclusions and limitations. We cannot be certain that this coverage will continue to be available on reasonable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to
cover one or more large claims, or that the insurer will not disclaim coverage as to any future claim. A successful assertion of one or more large claims against us
that  exceeds  our  available  insurance  coverage  or  changes  in  our  insurance  policies,  including  premium  increases  or  the  imposition  of  large  deductible  or  co-
insurance requirements, could adversely affect our profitability.

Incorrect  or  improper  use  of  our  products  or  our  failure  to  properly  train  customers  on  how  to  implement  or  utilize  our  products  could  result  in
customer dissatisfaction and negatively affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects.

Certain of our software solutions are complex and are deployed in a wide variety of network environments. The proper use of these solutions requires

training of the customer. If these solutions are not used correctly or as intended, inadequate performance may result.

Additionally, our customers or third-party partners may incorrectly implement or use our solutions. Our solutions may also be intentionally misused or
abused by customers or their employees or third parties who are able to access or use our solutions. Similarly, our solutions are sometimes installed or maintained
by customers or third parties with smaller or less qualified IT departments, potentially resulting in sub-optimal installation and, consequently, performance that is 
less  than  the  level  anticipated  by  the  customer.  Because  our  customers  rely  on  our  software,  services  and  maintenance  support  to  manage  a  wide  range  of
operations, the incorrect or improper use of our solutions, our failure to properly train customers on how to efficiently and effectively use our solutions, or our
failure to properly provide implementation or maintenance services to our customers has resulted in terminated work orders and may result in termination of work
orders, negative publicity or legal claims against us in the future. Also, as we continue to expand our customer base, any failure by us to properly provide these
services will likely result in lost opportunities for follow-on sales of our software and services.

In addition, if there is substantial turnover of customer personnel responsible for implementation and use of our products, or if customer personnel are
not  well  trained  in  the  use  of  our  products,  customers  may  defer  the  deployment  of  our  products,  may  deploy  them  in  a  more  limited  manner  than  originally
anticipated  or  may  not  deploy  them  at  all.  Further,  if  there  is  substantial  turnover  of  the  customer  personnel  responsible  for  implementation  and  use  of  our
products, our ability to make additional sales may be substantially limited.

Any unauthorized, and potentially improper, actions of our personnel could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

The recognition of our revenue depends on, among other things, the terms negotiated in our contracts with our customers. Our personnel may act outside
of their authority and negotiate additional terms without our knowledge. We have implemented policies to help prevent and discourage such conduct, but there
can be no assurance that such policies will be followed. For instance, in the event that our sales personnel negotiate terms that do not appear in the contract and of
which  we  are  unaware,  whether  such  additional  terms  are  written  or  verbal,  we  could  be  prevented  from  recognizing  revenue  in  accordance  with  our  plans.
Furthermore,  depending  on  when  we  learn  of unauthorized  actions and  the  size of  the  transactions  involved, we  may  have  to  restate  revenue for  a previously
reported period, which would seriously harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

17

If existing customers do not make subsequent purchases from us and continue using our solutions and services or if our relationships with our largest
customers are impaired, our revenue and profitability could be negatively affected

The  loss  of  any  of  our  major  customers  or  a  decrease  or  delay  in  orders  or  anticipated  spending  by  such  customers  could  reduce  our  revenues  and
profitability,  due  to  our  reliance  on  such  customers.  Our  customers  could  also  engage  in  business  combinations,  which  could  increase  their  size,  reduce  their
demand for our products and solutions as they recognize synergies or rationalize assets, and increase or decrease the portion of our total sales concentration with
respect to any single customer.

For  example,  five  customers  of  one  of  our  five  directly  held  subsidiaries  and  affiliated  companies  and  during  2014  and  2015— Sapiens— and  its 
subsidiaries accounted for 31% and 32% of Sapiens’ consolidated revenues in 2014 and 2015, respectively (or 8% of our consolidated revenues, in each of the
respective years). two significant customers of an affiliate—Magic Software— accounted for 10% and 3% and 7% and 11% of its consolidated revenues in 2014
and 2015, respectively . One significant customer of TSG (the Israeli Ministry of Defense, IMOD) accounted for approximately 40% of its revenues in 2014 and 
2015. There can be no assurance that the existing customers of our significant subsidiaries and affiliates will enter into new project contracts with us or that they
will continue using our technologies and IT services. A significant decline in our revenue stream from existing customers would have an adverse effect on our
operating results.

There may be consolidation in the markets and industries in which we operate, which could reduce the use of our products and services and adversely
affect our revenues.

Mergers  or  consolidations  among  our  customers  could  reduce  the  number  of  our  customers  and  potential  customers.  This  could  adversely  affect  our 
revenues even if these events do not reduce the aggregate number of customers or the activities of the consolidated entities. If our customers merge with or are
acquired by other entities that are not our customers, or that use fewer of our products and services, they may discontinue or reduce their use of our products and
services. Any of these developments could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows. Furthermore, as the number of companies in
the defense industry has decreased in recent years, the market share of some prime contractors has increased. Some of these companies are vertically integrated
with in-house capabilities similar to ours in certain areas. Thus, at times we could be seeking business from certain of these prime contractors, while at other times
we could be in competition with some of them. Failure to maintain good business relations with these major contractors could negatively impact TSG’s business.

If  our  interest  in  our  subsidiaries’ outstanding  equity  interests  becomes  diluted  below  50%  or  if  we  are  unable  to  retain  effective  control  over  our
subsidiaries and affiliated companies, we would cease to consolidate them and our operating results may fluctuate significantly.

We  currently  hold  a  controlling  interest  in  Matrix  and  InSync  under  U.S.  GAAP  through  our  direct  equity  holdings.  As  a  result  of  our  controlling 
interests in those subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015, we consolidated their balance sheets with ours and with respect to InSync, beginning from April 1, 2014,
following our consummation of the acquisition of InSync.

As of January 1, 2013, Formula’s interest in Sapiens common shares was 56.6%. On November 19, 2013, Sapiens completed a follow-on public offering 
of  its ordinary shares  on  the NASDAQ.  Sapiens  issued 6,497,400  shares at a price  of $  6.25 per share before issuance  expenses. Total  net proceeds  from the
issuance amounted to approximately $37.8 million. As a result of the offering, Formula’s interest in Sapiens' outstanding common shares was diluted below 50%
(from  56.8%  to  48.6%).  Our  investment  in  Sapiens  following  the dilution  was  measured under  the  equity  method  of  accounting.  The  gain,  net,  recognized  in
relation to Formula’s loss of control in Sapiens amounted to $61.2 million and is presented in the income statement as equity in gains of affiliated companies, net.

During  the  period  following  the  offering  through  December  23,  2014,  Formula  purchased  additional  Sapiens  common  shares,  bringing  its  interest  in
Sapiens common shares to 50.2% of Sapiens common shares on December 23, 2014. As a result, Formula regained control, for accounting purposes, over Sapiens
as  of  such  date.  As  of  September  30,  2015,  due  to  exercises  of  options  by  employees  of  Sapiens,  Formula’s  interest  in  Sapiens  outstanding  common  shares 
decreased to 49.13% and we lost control of Sapiens for accounting purposes (under U.S. GAAP). Formula’s interest in Sapiens common shares is currently 49%, 
although Formula has received a proxy from the CEO of Sapiens with respect to his common shares of Sapiens, which results in Formula having voting control
over 50.6% of Sapiens common shares. Under U.S. GAAP, such proxy does not result in Formula controlling Sapiens for accounting purposes and our investment
in Sapiens following the decrease is measured under the equity method of accounting.

18

From November 19, 2013 until December 23, 2014 and from October 2, 2015, Sapiens' results of operations were reflected in our results of operations

using the equity method of accounting.

On March 5, 2014, following Magic Software’s public offering of additional 6,900,000 of its ordinary shares our percentage interest in Magic Software
outstanding  ordinary  shares  decreased  from  51.6%  to  45.0%  and  Magic  Software  was  no  longer  our  subsidiary  as  of  such  date  and  thereafter  its  results  of
operations were reflected in our results of operations using the equity method of accounting.

Although it is our board of directors’ investment strategy to maintain effective control over our directly held subsidiaries, if we are unable to continue
maintaining a controlling interest in Matrix, as a result of equity issuances to third parties that are unaffiliated with us or otherwise or we are unable to regain
control over Sapiens or Magic Software, we would cease to consolidate the operating results of Matrix and not reconsolidate Sapiens or Magic Software, based on
relevant accounting guidelines. This, in turn, could result in significant fluctuations of our consolidated operating results.

Risks Related to our Intellectual Property

Assertions by third parties of infringement or other violation by us of their intellectual property rights could result in significant costs and substantially
harm our business and results of operations.

The software industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding patents and other
intellectual  property  rights.  In  particular,  leading  companies  in  the  software  industry  own  large  numbers  of  patents,  copyrights,  trademarks  and  trade  secrets,
which  they  may  use  to  assert  claims  against  us.  From  time  to  time,  third  parties,  including  certain  of  these  leading  companies,  may  assert  patent,  copyright,
trademark or other intellectual property claims against us, our customers and partners, and those from whom we license technology and intellectual property.

Although we believe that our products and services do not infringe upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, we cannot assure you that third
parties will not assert infringement or misappropriation claims against us with respect to current or future products or services, or that any such assertions will not
require us to enter into royalty arrangements or result in costly litigation, or result in us being unable to use certain intellectual property. We cannot assure you
that we are not infringing or otherwise violating any third party intellectual property rights. Infringement assertions from third parties may involve patent holding
companies or other patent owners who have no relevant product revenues, and therefore our own issued and pending patents may provide little or no deterrence to
these patent owners in bringing intellectual property rights claims against us.

Any intellectual property infringement or misappropriation claim or assertion against us, our customers or partners, and those from whom we license
technology and intellectual property could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, reputation and competitive position regardless of
the validity or outcome. If we are forced to defend against any infringement or misappropriation claims, whether they are with or without merit, are settled out of
court,  or  are  determined  in  our  favor,  we  may  be  required  to  expend  significant  time  and  financial  resources  on  the  defense  of  such  claims.  Furthermore,  an
adverse outcome of a dispute may require us to pay damages, potentially including treble damages and attorneys’ fees, if we are found to have willfully infringed
on a party’s intellectual property; cease making, licensing or using our products or services that are alleged to infringe or misappropriate the intellectual property
of others; expend additional development resources to redesign our products or services; enter into potentially unfavorable royalty or license agreements in order
to obtain the right to use necessary technologies or works; and to indemnify our partners, customers, and other third parties. Royalty or licensing agreements, if
required or desirable, may be unavailable on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and may require significant royalty payments and other expenditures. Any of these
events could seriously harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, any lawsuits regarding intellectual property rights, regardless
of their success, could be expensive to resolve and divert the time and attention of our management and technical personnel.

19

Although  we  apply  measures  to  protect  our  intellectual  property  rights  and  our  source  code,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  measures  that  we
employ to do so will be successful.

Our success and ability to compete depend in large part upon our ability to protect our proprietary technology. Since we have no registered patents, we
rely on a combination of trade secret and copyright laws and confidentiality, non-disclosure and assignment-of-inventions agreements to protect our proprietary 
technology. We believe that due to the dynamic nature of the computer and software industries, copyright protection is less significant than factors such as the
knowledge and experience of our management and personnel, the frequency of product enhancements and the timeliness and quality of our support services. We
seek to protect the source code of our products as trade secret information and as unpublished copyright works. We also rely on security and copy protection
features in our proprietary software. We distribute our products under software license agreements that grant customers a personal, non-transferable license to use 
our products and contain terms and conditions prohibiting the unauthorized reproduction or transfer of our products. In addition, while we attempt to protect trade
secrets and other proprietary information through non-disclosure agreements with employees, consultants and distributors, not all of our employees have signed
invention  assignment  agreements.  Although  we  intend  to  protect  our  rights  vigorously,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  these  measures  will  be  successful.  Our
failure to protect our rights, or the improper use of our products by others without licensing them from us could have a material adverse effect on our results of
operations and financial condition.

We and our customers rely on technology and intellectual property of third parties, the loss of which could limit the functionality of our products and
disrupt our business.

We use technology and intellectual property licensed from unaffiliated third parties in certain of our products, and we may license additional third-party 
technology and intellectual property in the future. Any errors or defects in this third-party technology and intellectual property could result in errors that could
harm our brand and business. In addition, licensed technology and intellectual property may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at
all. The loss of the right to license and distribute this third party technology could limit the functionality of our products and might require us to redesign our
products.

Further, although we believe that there are currently adequate replacements for the third-party technology and intellectual property we presently use and 
distribute, the loss of our right to use any of this technology and intellectual property could result in delays in producing or delivering affected products until
equivalent technology or intellectual property is identified, licensed or otherwise procured, and integrated. Our business would be disrupted if any technology and
intellectual  property  we  license  from  others  or  functional  equivalents  of  this  software  were  either  no  longer  available  to  us  or  no  longer  offered  to  us  on
commercially  reasonable  terms.  In  either  case,  we  would  be  required  either  to  attempt  to  redesign  our  products  to  function  with  technology  and  intellectual
property available from other parties or to develop these components ourselves, which would result in increased costs and could result in delays in product sales
and the release of new product offerings. Alternatively, we might be forced to limit the features available in affected products. Any of these results could harm
our business and impact our results of operations.

Some of our software services and technologies may use “open source” software, which may restrict how we use or distribute our services or require
that we release the source code of certain products subject to those licenses.

Some of our services and technologies may incorporate software licensed under so-called “open source” licenses, including, but not limited to, the GNU
General Public License and the GNU Lesser General Public License. In addition to risks related to license requirements, usage of open source software can lead
to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on origin of the software.
Additionally, open source licenses typically require that source code subject to the license be made available to the public and that any modifications or derivative
works to open source software continue to be licensed under open source licenses. These open source licenses typically mandate that proprietary software, when
combined  in  specific  ways  with  open  source  software,  become  subject  to  the  open  source  license.  If  we  combine  our  proprietary  software  with  open  source
software, we could be required to release the source code of our proprietary software.

20

We take steps to ensure that our proprietary software is not combined with, and does not incorporate, open source software in ways that would require
our  proprietary  software  to  be  subject  to  an  open  source  license.  However,  few  courts  have  interpreted  open  source  licenses,  and  the  manner  in  which  these
licenses  may  be  interpreted  and  enforced  is  therefore  subject  to  some  uncertainty.  Additionally,  we  rely  on  multiple  software  programmers  to  design  our
proprietary technologies, and although we take steps to prevent our programmers from including open source software in the technologies and software code that
they  design,  write  and  modify,  we  do  not  exercise  complete  control  over  the  development  efforts  of  our  programmers  and  we  cannot  be  certain  that  our
programmers have not incorporated open source software into our proprietary products and technologies or that they will not do so in the future. In the event that
portions of our proprietary technology are determined to be subject to an open source license, we could be required to publicly release the affected portions of our
source code, re-engineer all or a portion of our technologies, or otherwise be limited in the licensing of our technologies, each of which could reduce or eliminate
the value of our services and technologies and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and prospects.

We could be required to provide the source code of our products to our customers.

Some  of our customers have the right  to require the  source  code of  certain of our  products  to  be deposited  into a source code  escrow. Under certain
circumstances, our source code could be released to our customers. The conditions triggering the release of our source code vary by customer. A release of our
source code would give our customers access to our trade secrets and other proprietary and confidential information which could harm our business, results of
operations and financial condition.

Breaches of network or information technology security, natural disasters or terrorist attacks could have an adverse effect on our business.

Cyber  attacks  or  other  breaches  of  network  or  IT  security,  natural  disasters,  terrorist  acts  or  acts  of  war  may  cause  equipment  failures  or  disrupt  our
systems and operations. We may be subject to attempts to breach the security of our networks and IT infrastructure through cyber attacks, malware, computer
viruses and other means of unauthorized access.  While we maintain insurance coverage for some of these events, the potential liabilities associated with these
events could exceed the insurance coverage we maintain.  Our inability to operate our facilities as a result of such events, even for a limited period of time, may
result  in  significant  expenses  or  loss  of  market  share  to  other  competitors  for  our  application  platforms  as  well  as  in  the  process  and  business  integration
technologies and IT services market. In addition, a failure to protect the privacy of customer and employee confidential data against breaches of network or IT
security could result in damage to our reputation. A failure to protect the privacy of customer and employee confidential data against breaches of network or IT
security  could  result  in  damage  to  our  reputation.  To  date,  we  have  not  been  subject  to  cyber  attacks  or  other  cyber  incidents  which,  individually  or  in  the
aggregate, resulted in a material impact to our operations or financial condition.

Maintaining the security of our products, computers and networks is a critical issue for us and our customers. Security researchers, criminal hackers and
other third parties regularly develop new techniques to penetrate computer and network security measures. In addition, hackers also develop and deploy viruses,
worms and other malicious software programs, some of which may be specifically designed to attack our products, systems, computers or networks. Additionally,
outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce our employees or users of our products to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our data or
our  customers’ data.  These  potential  breaches  of  our  security  measures  and  the  accidental  loss,  inadvertent  disclosure  or  unauthorized  dissemination  of
proprietary information or sensitive, personal or confidential data about us, our employees or our customers, including the potential loss or disclosure of such
information or data as a result of hacking, fraud, trickery or other forms of deception, could expose us, our employees, our customers or the individuals affected to
a  risk  of  loss  or  misuse  of  this  information,  result  in  litigation  and  potential  liability  or  fines  for  us,  damage  our  brand  and  reputation  or  otherwise  harm  our
business.

21

Risks Related to our Traded Securities

There is limited trading volume for our ADSs and ordinary shares, which reduces liquidity for our shareholders, and may furthermore cause the stock
price to be volatile, all of which may lead to losses by investors. 

There has historically been limited trading volume for our ADSs and ordinary shares, respectively, both on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and the
TASE, such that still not reached the level that enables shareholders to freely sell their shares in substantial quantities on an ongoing basis and thereby readily
achieve liquidity for their investment. As a further result of the limited volume, our ordinary shares have experienced significant market price volatility in the past
and may experience significant market price and volume fluctuations in the future, in response to factors such as announcements of developments related to our
subsidiaries’ and affiliates’ business, announcements by competitors of our subsidiaries and affiliates, quarterly fluctuations in our financial results and general
conditions in the industry in which we through our subsidiaries and affiliates compete.

The market price of our ordinary shares and ADSs may be volatile and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the price you paid, or at
all.

The stock market in general has experienced during recent years extreme price and volume fluctuations. The market prices of securities of technology
companies have been extremely volatile, and have experienced fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of
those companies. These broad market fluctuations have affected and are expected to continue to affect the market price of our ordinary shares and ADSs.

The high and low closing market price of our ordinary shares traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, or the TASE, under the symbol “FORT,” and the 
high and low closing market price of our ADSs traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (for periods from January 3, 2011) or the NASDAQ Global Market
(for periods prior to January 3, 2011) under the symbol “FORTY,” during each of the last five years, are summarized in the table below:

Year
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011

NASDAQ
In US$

Tel Aviv Stock Exchange*

In NIS

In US$

High

Low

High

Low

High

Low

35.00
33.79
26.64
17.88
20.49

20.52
21.02
16.22
13.55
11.14

135.20
114.10
94.99
69.21
75.57

82.36
83.70
57.89
54.41
43.94

35.31
32.83
26.96
17.83
20.55

20.98
21.52
15.51
13.59
11.81

* The U.S. dollar price of our ordinary shares on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange was determined by dividing the price of an ordinary share in NIS by the 
representative exchange rate of the NIS against the U.S. dollar as reported by the Bank of Israel on the same date.

The market price of our ordinary shares and ADSs may fluctuate substantially due to a variety of factors, including:

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

any actual or anticipated fluctuations in our or our competitors’ quarterly revenues and operating results;

industry trends and changes;

changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates by securities analysts and investors;

public announcements concerning us or our competitors;

results of integrating investments and acquisitions;

the introduction or market acceptance of new service offerings by us or our competitors;

changes in product pricing policies by us or our competitors;

public announcements concerning distribution of dividends and payment of dividends;

22

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

the public’s response to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the
Israeli Securities Authority;

changes in accounting principles;

sales of our shares by existing shareholders;

the loss of any of our key personnel;

other events or factors in any of the markets in which we operate, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism, natural disasters or
responses to such events; and

general trends of the stock markets.

In addition, global and local economic, political, market and industry conditions and military conflicts and in particular, those specifically related to the

State of Israel, may affect the market price of our shares and ADSs.

Significant fluctuations in our annual and quarterly results, which make it difficult for investors to make reliable period-to-period comparisons, may 
also contribute to volatility in the market price of our ordinary shares and American Depositary Shares.

Our quarterly and annual revenues, gross profit, net income and results of operations have fluctuated significantly in the past, and we expect them to

continue to fluctuate significantly in the future. The following events may cause fluctuations:

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

general global economic conditions;

acquisitions and dispositions of, and consolidation of, our subsidiaries;

the size, time and recognition of revenue from significant contracts;

timing of product releases or enhancements;

timing of contracts;

timing of completion of specified milestones and delays in implementation;

changes in the proportion of service and license revenues;

price and product competition;

(cid:120) market acceptance of our new products, applications and services;

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

increases in selling and marketing expenses, as well as other operating expenses;

currency fluctuations; and

consolidation of our customers.

A substantial portion of our expenses, including most product development and selling and marketing expenses must be incurred in advance of when
revenue is generated. If our projected revenue does not meet our expectations, we are likely to experience an even larger shortfall in our operating profit relative
to our expectations. The gross margins of our individual subsidiaries vary both among themselves and over time. As a result, changes in the revenue mix from
these subsidiaries may affect our quarterly operating results. In addition, we may derive a significant portion of our net income from the sale of our investments or
the sale of our proprietary software technology. These events do not occur on a regular basis and their timing is difficult to predict. As a result, we believe that
period-to-period comparisons of our historical results of operations are not necessarily meaningful and that you should not rely on them as an indication for future
performance. Also, it is possible that our quarterly and annual results of operations may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors. If this
happens, the prices of our ordinary shares and ADSs will likely decrease.

23

The  market  prices  of  our  ordinary  share  and  ADSs  may  be  adversely  affected  if  the  market  prices  of  our  publicly  traded  subsidiaries  or  affiliated
company decrease.

A  significant  portion  of  our  assets  is  comprised  of  equity  securities  of  directly  held  publicly  traded  companies.  Our  publicly  traded  subsidiary  and
affiliates are, as of the current time, Matrix, Sapiens and Magic Software. The share prices of these publicly traded companies have been extremely volatile, and
have  been  subject  to  fluctuations  due  to  market  conditions  and  other  factors  which  are  often  unrelated  to  operating  results  and  which  are  beyond our  control.
Fluctuations in the market price and valuations of our holdings in these companies may affect the market’s valuation of the price of our ordinary shares and ADSs 
and may also thereby impact our results of operations. If the value of our assets decreases significantly as a result of a decrease in the value of our interest in our
publicly traded subsidiary and affiliates, our business, operating results and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected and the market price of
our ordinary shares and ADSs may also fall as a result.

Our securities are traded on more than one market and this may result in price variations. 

Our ordinary shares are traded on the TASE and our ADSs were traded on the NASDAQ Global Market until January 3, 2011, at which date the listing
of our ADSs was transferred to the NASDAQ Global Select Market. Trading in our ordinary shares and ADSs on these markets takes place in different currencies
(dollars on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and NIS on the TASE), and at different times (resulting from different time zones, different weekly trading days
and different public holidays in the United States and Israel). The trading prices of our ordinary shares and ADSs on these two markets may differ due to these
and other factors (see the risk factor titled “The market price of our ordinary shares and American Depositary Shares may be volatile and you may not be able to
resell your shares at or above the price you paid, or at all” above for an example thereof). On the other hand, any decrease in the trading price of our ordinary 
shares or ADSs, as applicable, on one of these markets could likely affect— and cause a decrease in— the trading price on the other market. 

Our largest shareholder, Asseco Poland S.A., can significantly influence the outcome of matters that require shareholder approval.

Asseco Poland S.A., or Asseco, owns approximately 46.3% of our outstanding ordinary shares (which excludes shares that we have repurchased that
lack voting rights and shares subject to restrictions that are voted in proportion to the votes of our other shares). Therefore, Asseco can significantly influence the
outcome of those matters requiring shareholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. This voting power
may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control which may otherwise be favorable to our minority shareholders. In addition, potential conflicts
of interest may arise in the event that we or any of our subsidiaries or other affiliates enter into agreements or transactions with affiliates of Asseco. Although
Israeli  law  imposes  certain  procedures  (including  shareholder  approval)  for  approval  of  certain  related  party  transactions,  we  cannot  assure  you  that  these
procedures  will  eliminate  the  possible  detrimental  effects  of  these  conflicts  of  interest.  If  certain  transactions  are  not  approved  in  accordance  with  required
procedures under applicable Israeli law, these transactions may be void or voidable.

If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the 
reliability of our financial statements may be questioned and our share price may suffer.

The  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  of  2002  imposes  certain  duties  on  us  and  on  our  executives  and  directors.  To  comply  with  this  statute,  we  are  required  to
document  and  test  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  and  our  independent  registered  public  accounting  firm  must  issue  an  attestation  report  on  our
internal control procedures, and our management is required to assess and issue a report concerning our internal control over financial reporting. Our efforts to
comply with these requirements have resulted in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention, and we expect
these efforts to require the continued commitment of significant resources. We may identify material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our assessments of
our internal controls over financial reporting. Failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in investigation or sanctions by
regulatory  authorities,  and  could  adversely  affect  our  operating  results,  investor  confidence  in  our  reported  financial  information  and  the  market  price  of  our
ordinary shares.

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Risks Relating to Operations in Israel

Political, economic, and military conditions in Israel could negatively impact our business.

We are incorporated under the laws of, and our headquarters and principal research and development facilities are located in, the State of Israel, and
approximately 83.5% and 70.0% of our consolidated revenues in 2014 and 2015, respectively were generated from the Israeli market (had we consolidated Magic
Software’s revenues and Sapiens revenues for all of 2014 and 2015, 63% and 58% of our revenues would have been generated from the Israeli market). As a
result, we are directly influenced by the political, economic and military conditions affecting Israel. In addition, several countries still restrict business with Israel
and with companies doing business in Israel. These political, economic and military conditions in Israel, and business restrictions, could have a material adverse
effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth.

In recent years, there have been hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in the Gaza strip, both of which resulted in rockets being
fired into Israel causing casualties and disruption of economic activities. Most recently, in July 2014, an armed conflict commenced between Israel and Hamas. In
addition, Israel faces threats from more distant neighbors,  in particular, Iran. Also, since 2011, riots  and uprisings in several countries in the Middle East and
neighboring regions have led to severe political instability in several neighboring states and to a decline in the regional security situation. Such instability may
affect the local and global economy, could negatively affect business conditions and, therefore, could adversely affect our operations. To date, these matters have
not had any material effect on our business and results of operations; however, the regional security situation and worldwide perceptions of it are outside our
control and there can be no assurance that these matters will not negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations in the future.

Some of our employees in Israel are obligated to perform military reserve duty, currently consisting of approximately 30 days of service annually (or
more for reserves officers or non-officers with certain expertise). Additionally, they are subject to being called to active duty at any time upon the outbreak of
hostilities. While we have operated effectively under these requirements, no assessment can be made as to the full impact of such requirements on our business or
work force and no prediction can be made as to the effect on us of any expansion of such obligations.

The tax benefits that will be available to certain of our Israeli subsidiaries and affiliates will require us to continue to meet various conditions and may
be terminated or reduced in the future, which could increase our costs and taxes. 

Some  of  our  Israeli  subsidiaries  and  affiliates  have  been  granted  “Approved  Enterprise” and  “Beneficiary  Enterprise” status,  which  provide  certain 
benefits, including tax exemptions and reduced tax rates under the Israeli Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, referred to as the Investment
Law. Income not eligible for Approved Enterprise and Beneficiary Enterprise benefits is taxed at the regular corporate tax rate (26.5% for 2015 and 25% for 2016
and thereafter).

In the event of distribution of dividends in these subsidiaries from said tax-exempt income, the amount distributed will be subject to corporate tax in
respect of the amount of the distributed dividend (grossed-up to reflect the pre-tax income that it would have had to earn in order to distribute the dividend) at the
corporate tax rate which would have been applicable if such income had not been tax-exempted. Tax-exempt income generated under the Approved/Beneficiary 
Enterprise program will be subject to taxes upon dividend distribution (which includes the repurchase of the Company's shares) or liquidation.

The entitlement to the above benefits is conditional upon the continuous fulfillment of the conditions stipulated by the Investment Law and applicable
regulations.  Should  the  Israeli  subsidiaries  and  affiliates  fail  to  meet  such  requirements  in  the  future,  income  attributable  to  the  Approved  Enterprise  and
Beneficiary Enterprise programs would be subject to the statutory Israeli corporate tax rate and they will be required to refund a portion of the tax benefits already
received,  including  interest  and  CPI  linkage  or  other  monetary  penalty,  with  respect  to  such  programs.  As  of  December  31,  2015,  we  believe  that  our  Israeli
subsidiaries and affiliates are in compliance with all of the conditions required by the Investment Law.

25

Fluctuations in foreign currency values may affect our business and results of operations.

Due  to  our  extensive  operations  and  sales  in  Israel,  most  of  our  revenues  and  expenses  from  our  IT  services  are  denominated  in  NIS.  For  financial
reporting purposes, we translate all non-U.S. dollar denominated transactions into dollars in accordance with ASC 830. Therefore, we are exposed to the risk that
a devaluation of the NIS relative to the dollar will reduce our revenue growth rate in dollar terms. On the other hand, a significant portion of our revenues from
proprietary  software  products  and  related  services  is  currently  denominated  in  other  currencies,  particularly  the  Euro,  Japanese  Yen,  British  Pound  and  South
African  Rand,  while  a  substantial  portion  of  our  expenses  relating  to  the  proprietary  software  products  and  related  services,  principally  salaries  and  related
personnel expenses, is denominated in NIS. As a result, the depreciation of the Euro, Japanese Yen, British Pound or South African Rand relative to the U.S.
dollar  reduces  our  dollar  recorded  revenues  from  sales  of  our  proprietary  software  products  and  related  services  that  are  denominated  in  those  currencies  and
thereby harms our results of operations. In addition, the appreciation of the NIS relative to the dollar increases the dollar recorded value of expenses that we incur
in NIS in respect of such proprietary software products sales, and, therefore, could adversely affect our results of operations and harm our competitive position in
the markets. The depreciation (appreciation) of the dollar in relation to the NIS (based on the change in the exchange rate reported by the Bank of Israel from the
start to the conclusion of each year) amounted to 7.0%, (12.0)% and (0.3)% for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. Rises in the
inflationary rate in Israel further increase the dollar cost of our NIS-based operating expenses and adversely impact the profits that we realize from our proprietary
software products sales. The Israeli rate of inflation amounted to 1.8%, (0.2)% and (1)% for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. We
have  engaged  and  may  continue  in  the  future  to  engage  in  certain  hedging  transactions,  to  decrease  the  risk  of  financial  exposure  from  fluctuations  in  the
exchange rate of the non-dollar currency forecasted cash flows. However, we cannot assure you that these measures will adequately protect us from the material
adverse  effects  described  above.  For  additional  information  relating  to  the  exchange  rates  between  different  relevant  currencies,  see  “Item  5.  Operating  and 
Financial Review and Prospects—Overview—Our Functional and Reporting Currency.”

It may be difficult to serve process and enforce judgments against our directors and officers in the United States or in Israel.

We are organized under the laws of the State of Israel. All of our executive officers and directors are nonresidents of the United States, and a substantial

portion of our assets and the assets of these persons are located outside of the United States. Therefore, it may be difficult to:

(cid:120)
(cid:120)

(cid:120)

effect service of process within the United States on us or any of our executive officers or directors;
enforce  court  judgments  obtained  in  the  United  States  including  those  predicated  upon  the  civil  liability  provisions  of  the  United  States  federal
securities laws, against us or against any of our executive officers or directors, in the United States or Israel; and
bring an original action in an Israeli court against us or against any of our executive officers or directors to enforce liabilities based upon the United
States federal securities laws.

Israeli courts may refuse to hear a claim based on an alleged violation of U.S. securities laws reasoning that Israel is not the most appropriate forum in
which to bring such a claim. In addition, even if an Israeli court agrees to hear a claim, it may determine that Israeli law and not U.S. law is applicable to the
claim. If U.S. law is found to be applicable, the content of applicable U.S. law must be proven as a fact by expert witnesses, which can be a time consuming and
costly process. Certain matters of procedure will also be governed by Israeli law. There is little binding case law in Israel that addresses the matters described
above. As a result of the difficulty associated with enforcing a judgment against us in Israel, an investor may not be able to collect any damages awarded by either
a U.S. or foreign court.

26

Provisions of Israeli law may delay, prevent or make more difficult an acquisition of our company. 

The  Israeli  Companies  Law,  1999,  referred  to  as  the  Companies  Law,  generally  requires  that  a  merger  be  approved  by  the  board  of  directors  and  a
majority of the shares voting on the proposed merger, of each of the merging companies. For purposes of the shareholder vote, unless a court rules otherwise, the
merger will not be deemed approved if shares representing a majority of the voting power present at the shareholders meeting, and which are not held by the other
party to the merger (or by any person who holds 25% or more of the shares or the right to appoint 25% or more of the directors of the other party or its general
manager, or any of their relatives or corporations controlled by them) have voted against the merger. Upon the request of any creditor of a party to the proposed
merger, a court may delay or prevent the merger if it concludes that there is a reasonable concern that, as a result of the merger, the surviving company will be
unable to satisfy the obligations of the surviving company. In addition, the court may give instructions to secure creditors’ rights. Finally, a merger may generally
not be completed unless at least (i) 50 days have passed since the filing of a merger proposal signed by both parties with the Israeli Registrar of Companies; and
(ii) 30 days have passed since the merger was approved by the shareholders of each of the parties to the merger. Also, in certain circumstances an acquisition of
shares in a public company must be made by means of a tender offer. Lastly, Israeli tax law treats some acquisitions, such as stock-for-stock exchanges between 
an Israeli company and a foreign company, less favorably than U.S. tax laws. These provisions of Israeli corporate and tax law may have the effect of delaying,
preventing or make more difficult an acquisition of or merger with us, which may adversely affect our ability to engage in a business combination and may also
depress the price of our ordinary shares and ADSs.

Your  rights  and  responsibilities  as  a  shareholder  will  be  governed  by  Israeli  law  and  differ  in  some  respects  from  the  rights  and  responsibilities  of
shareholders under U.S. law.

We are incorporated under Israeli law. The rights and responsibilities of holders of our ordinary shares are governed by our memorandum of association,
amended and restated articles of association, which we sometimes refer to as our articles, and Israeli law. These rights and responsibilities differ in some respects
from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders in typical U.S. corporations. In particular, a shareholder of an Israeli company has a duty to act in good faith in
exercising the rights thereof and fulfilling the obligations thereof toward the company and other shareholders and to refrain from abusing the power thereof in the
company, including, among other things, in voting at the general meeting of shareholders on certain matters. Israeli law provides that these duties are applicable
in shareholder votes at the general meeting with respect to, among other things, amendments to a company’s articles of association, increases in a company’s 
authorized  share  capital,  mergers  and  acquisitions  and  transactions  involving  interests  of  officers,  directors  or  other  interested  parties  which  require  the
shareholders’ approval. In addition, a controlling shareholder of an Israeli company or a shareholder who knows that he or she possesses the power to determine
the  outcome  of  a  vote  at  a  meeting  of  our  shareholders,  or  who  has,  by  virtue  of  the  company’s  articles  of  association,  the  power  to  appoint  or  prevent  the 
appointment of an office holder in the company, or any other power with respect to the company, has a duty of fairness toward the company. The Companies Law
does not establish criteria for determining whether or not a shareholder has acted in good faith.

As a foreign private issuer whose ADSs are listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, we may follow certain home country corporate governance
practices instead of certain NASDAQ requirements. 

As a foreign private issuer whose ADSs are listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, we are permitted to follow certain home country corporate
governance practices instead of certain requirements of the Listing Rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market. A foreign private issuer that elects to follow a home
country practice instead of such requirements must submit to NASDAQ in advance a written statement from independent counsel in such issuer’s home country 
certifying that the issuer’s practices are not prohibited by the home country’s laws. In addition, a foreign private issuer must disclose in its annual reports filed
with  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission,  or  the  SEC,  or  on  its  website,  each  such  requirement  that  it  does  not  follow  and  describe  the  home  country
practice followed by the issuer in lieu of any such requirement. In keeping with these leniencies, we have elected to follow home country practice with regard to,
among other things, composition of our board of directors, director nomination procedure, compensation of officers, quorum at shareholders’ meetings and timing 
of our annual shareholders’ meetings. We have furthermore elected to follow our home country law, in lieu of those rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market that
require that we obtain shareholder approval for certain dilutive events, such as for the establishment or amendment of certain equity based compensation plans, an
issuance that will result in a change of control of the company, certain transactions other than a public offering involving issuances of a 20% or more interest in
the company and certain acquisitions of the stock or assets of another company. Accordingly, our shareholders and ADS holders may not be afforded the same
protection as provided under NASDAQ’s corporate governance rules.

27

Our United States investors could suffer adverse tax consequences if we are characterized as a passive foreign investment company. 

Generally, if for any taxable year, after applying certain look-through rules, 75% or more of our gross income is passive income, or at least 50% of the
value of our assets are held for the production of, or produce, passive income, we may be characterized as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for
U.S. federal income tax purposes. Passive income for these purposes generally includes, among other things, certain dividends, interest, royalties, rental and gains
from commodities and securities transactions and from the sale or exchange of property that gives rise to passive income. This characterization could result in
adverse  U.S.  tax  consequences  to  our  shareholders  who  are  U.S.  taxpayers,  including  having  gain  realized  on  the  sale  of  our  ordinary  shares  or  ADSs  being
treated as ordinary income rather than capital gain income, and could result in punitive interest charges being applied to such sales proceeds. Rules similar to
those applicable to dispositions apply to amounts treated as “excess distributions.”

We believe that we were not a PFIC in 2015 but may be classified as such in 2016. Since a PFIC status is only determined as of the end of the taxable
year and is dependent on a number of factors, therefore, there can be no assurance that we will not become a PFIC for the year ending December 31, 2016 or in a
future  taxable  year.  Rules  similar  to  those  applicable  to  gains  derived  from  the  disposition  of  our  ordinary  shares  or  ADSs  also  apply  to  certain  “excess 
distributions.” A decline in the value of our ordinary shares or ADSs could result in our company being classified as a PFIC. U.S .investors should consult with
their own tax advisors with respect to the U.S. tax consequences of investing in our ordinary shares or ADSs. For a discussion of how we might be characterized
as a PFIC and related tax consequences, see “Item 10. Additional Information—Taxation—United States Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

A.

History and Development of the Company

Both  our  legal  name  and  our  commercial  name  is  Formula  Systems  (1985)  Ltd.  We  were  incorporated  in  Israel  on  April  2,  1985.  We  maintain  our
principal  executive  offices  at  5  Haplada  Street,  Or  Yehuda  60218,  Israel  and  our  telephone  number  is  011-972-3-5389487.  Our  agent  in  the  United  States  is
Corporation Service Company and its address is 2711 Centerville Road, Suite 400, Wilmington, DE 19808. In 1991, we completed the initial public offering of
our ordinary shares on the TASE. In October 1997, we completed the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Global Market. As of January 3, 2011 our ADSs have
been listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.

Since our inception, we have acquired effective controlling interests, and have invested, in companies which are engaged in the IT solutions and services

business. We, together with our subsidiaries and affiliates, are known as the Formula Group.

In November 2010, Emblaze Ltd., our former controlling shareholder, sold its controlling stake in us to Asseco Poland SA, a Polish IT company listed
on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Asseco currently beneficially owns 46.3% of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares (which excludes shares that we have
repurchased that lack voting rights and shares subject to restrictions that are voted in proportion to the votes of our other shares).

We  have  adopted  a  strategy  of  seeking  opportunities  to  realize  gains  through  the  selective  sale  of  investments  and  interests  in  our  subsidiaries  and
affiliates to outside investors. We believe that this strategy provides us with capital to support the growth of our interest in our remaining subsidiaries, as well as
provide  us  the  opportunity  to  pursue  new  acquisitions  of,  and  investments  in,  other  businesses,  particularly  businesses  offering  products,  technologies  and
services that are complementary to ours and are suitable for integration into our business therefore increasing value for our shareholders (and ADS holders). We
expect to continue to develop and enhance the products, services and solutions of our subsidiaries and affiliates, and to continue to pursue additional acquisitions
of, or investments in, companies that provide IT services and proprietary software solutions.

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Capital Expenditures and Divestitures

Our  principal  investment  and  divestiture  activities  and  related  financing  activities  since  the  start  of  our  2013  fiscal  year  are  described  below.  For
additional information relating to our investment, divestiture and financing activities during 2014 and 2015, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects— Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Changes in our percentage ownership of Sapiens. As of January 1, 2013, our percentage interest in our subsidiary Sapiens was 56.6%. We purchased
additional  shares  in  2013  which  resulted  in  our  percentage  interest  increasing  to  57.2%  as  of  May  2013.  In  November  2013,  Sapiens  issued  6,497,400  of  its
common  shares  in  a  follow-on  public  offering,  As  a  result,  as  of  December  31,  2013,  our  percentage  interest  in  Sapiens  decreased  to  48.6%.  We  purchased
additional shares in 2014 which resulted in our percentage interest increasing to 50.2% as of December 31, 2014. We purchased additional shares in 2014 which
resulted in our percentage interest increasing to 50.2% as of December 31, 2014. As of September 30, 2015, due to exercises of options by employees of Sapiens,
Formula’s direct interest in Sapiens outstanding common shares again was diluted below 50%. Formula’s interest in Sapiens common shares is currently 49%, 
however,  Formula  holds  a  voting  proxy  with  respect  to  an  additional  1,024,781  of  Sapiens  common  shares  (includes  options  to  purchase  308,932  Sapiens’
Common Shares under Sapiens 2011 Incentive Plan). Pursuant to our acquisitions of Sapiens common shares, we have invested an aggregate of $2.7 million,
$11.9  million  and  $0.4  million  in  2013,  2014  and  2015,  respectively.  The  sources  of  such  funds  have  been  our  working  capital  and  loans  from  financial
institutions. 

Changes in our percentage ownership of Magic Software. During 2012 and 2013, we increased our investment in Magic Software, acquiring additional
ordinary shares of Magic Software in private transactions that have raised our beneficial ownership to 52.3% and 51.6% of Magic Software’s outstanding share 
capital as of December 31, 2012 and 2013, respectively. In March 2014, Magic Software issued 6,900,000 of its ordinary shares in a follow-on public offering, of 
which we purchased 700,000 ordinary shares. As a result, our beneficial ownership percentage in Magic Software decreased to 45.0%. We purchased additional
shares in 2015 and 2016, which resulted in our current percentage interest increasing to 47.3%. Pursuant to our acquisitions of Magic Software’s ordinary shares, 
we  have  invested  an  aggregate  of  $  0  million,  $6.6  million  and  $3.7  million  in  2013,  2014  and  2015,  respectively.  The  sources  of  such  funds  have  been  our
working capital and a bank loan.

Changes  in  our  percentage  ownership  of  Matrix. During  2013,  2014  and  2015,  we  have  increased  our  investment  in  Matrix,  acquiring  additional 
ordinary shares of Matrix in private transactions that have raised our beneficial ownership to 50.11%, 50.2% and 50% of Matrix outstanding share capital as of
December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. Pursuant to our acquisitions of Matrix ordinary shares, we have invested an aggregate of $0.1 million, $1.3
million and $0 million in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. The source of such funds has been our working capital and a bank loan.

Acquisition  of  TSG.  In  May  2016,  Formula  and  IAI  each  acquired  50%  of  TSG,  a  subsidiary  and  the  military  arm  of  Ness  Technologies,  which  is
engaged in the fields of command and control systems, intelligence, homeland security and cybersecurity. Each of Formula and IAI paid a purchase price of $25.8
million (subject to certain adjustments).

Acquisition  of  Ibexi  by  Sapiens.  In  May  2015,  Sapiens  acquired  IBEXI  Solutions  Private  Limited  or  IBEXI,  an  India-based  provider  of  insurance 
solutions and services, which services 18 insurers in both the P&C and L&P markets throughout Southeast Asia. The total purchase price in this acquisition was
approximately $4.8 million, which was paid in cash by Sapiens at the closing, and which is subject to adjustment based on certain future criteria.

Acquisition of Insseco by Sapiens. In August 2015, Sapiens acquired Insseco, a Poland-based software and services provider for the insurance market, 
from  Asseco,  the  controlling  shareholder  of  Formula,  which  helped  Sapiens  to  establish  a  strong  presence  in  the  Polish  insurance  market.  Sapiens  paid
approximately $9.1 million in cash for Insseco, subject to upwards adjustment based on its achieving future revenue goals.

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Acquisition of Comblack IT by Magic. In April 2015, Magic acquired a 70% interest in Comblack IT Ltd., an Israeli-based company that specializes in
software  professional  and  outsource  management  services  for  mainframes  and  complex  large-scale  environments,  for  a  total  consideration  of  $1.8  million,  of 
which $ 1.5 million was paid upon closing and $ 0.3 million was contingent upon the acquired business meeting certain operational targets in 2015. Magic and the
seller  hold  mutual  Call  and  Put  options  respectively  for  the  remaining  30%  interest  in  the  company.  In  March  2016,  Magic  paid  the  seller  the  remaining
contingent payments for meeting 2015 operational targets.

Acquisition  of  Infingy Solutions  by  Magic  .In  June  2015,  Magic  acquired  a  70%  interest  in  Infinigy  Solutions  LLC,  a  US-based  services  company 
focused  on  expanding  the  development  and  implementation  of  technical  solutions  throughout  the  telecommunications  industry  with  offices  over  the  US,
providing nationwide coverage and support for wireless engineering, deployment services, surveying, environmental service and project management, for a total
consideration of $6.4 million, of which $ 5.6 was paid upon closing and $ 0.8 million is contingent upon the acquired business meeting certain operational targets
in 2016 and 2017. Magic and the seller hold mutual Call and Put options respectively for the remaining 30% interest in the company.

Acquisition  of  Hydus  Solutions  by  Matrix.  In  April  2015,  Xtivia  Inc  (a  wholly  owned  subsidiary  of  Matrix)  completed  the  acquisition  of  all  of  the
outstanding shares of Hydus Inc in total consideration of $ 2.5 million. Hydus Inc. is a U.S based consulting firm specializing in software services in the field of
EIM (Enterprise Information Management). In addition, the sellers may be eligible for future consideration, valued at $ 1.6 million as of December 31, 2015,
subject to obtaining accumulated operating income targets during three years (such additional consideration will not exceed Hydus accumulated operating income
during the measurement period).

Acquisition of InOnno Apps by Matrix. In May 2015, Matrix completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding shares of Ono Apps Ltd., an Israeli based 
service provider specializing in mobile applications development services, in total consideration of NIS 4.6 million (approximately $ 1.2 million). In addition, the
sellers  may  be  eligible  for  future  consideration,  valued  at  $  0.3  million  as  of  December  31,  2015,  subject  to  obtaining  accumulated  operating  income  targets
during three years commencing on January 1, 2016 which shall not exceed NIS 5.0 million (approximately $ 1.3 million).

During the year ended December 31, 2015, Formula and its subsidiaries and affiliates completed five other acquisitions for a total cash consideration of
approximately $3.8, million and increased their share interest in two existing subsidiaries in a total consideration of $ 1.7 million. These acquisitions generally
enhance the group's technologies, product and services offerings. Pro forma results of operations for these acquisitions have not been presented because they are
not material to the consolidated results of operations, either individually or in the aggregate.

Acquisition  of  InSync  Staffing  Solutions  Inc.  In  April  2014,  Formula  acquired  all  of  the  interests  in  InSync  Staffing  LLC,  a  U.S.-based  full  service 

provider of staffing solutions for IT, engineering and other professional staff. We recorded a capital expenditure of $4.0 million in respect of this acquisition.

Acquisition of a software vendor by Magic Software. In October 2014, Magic Software acquired 100% of Formula Telecom Solutions Ltd., or FTS, an
Israeli based software vendor. FTS specializes in the development, sale, service and support of business support systems, or BSS, including convergent charging,
billing,  customer  management,  policy  control  and  payment  software  solutions  for the  telecommunications,  content,  Machine  to  Machine/Internet  of  Things  or
M2M/IoT, payment and other industries. FTS has a track record of successful implementation of many projects in Western and Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa.

Acquisition of Knowledge Partners  International LLC. On  August 1, 2014, Sapiens acquired  Knowledge Partners International  LLC,  or KPI, and the
assets of The Decision Model Licensing LLC, or TDML, for total consideration of $2.1 million in cash and 57,000 ordinary shares of Sapiens Decision, Sapiens’
subsidiary which holds all of the interests in KPI (representing 3% of Sapiens Decision’s issued and outstanding ordinary shares immediately prior to closing). In
addition, one of the shareholders of KPI received 88,500 restricted shares of Sapiens Decision plus $450,000 in cash, subject to certain performance criteria. The
agreements  for  the  foregoing  acquisitions  included,  among  other  things,  certain  put  and  call  options  relating  to  the  Sapiens  Decision  shares  issued  upon
consummation of the transaction and certain other benefits payable upon the occurrence of certain conditions.

30

Acquisition of Hoshen Eliav Ltd. During January 2014, Matrix purchased 100% of the share capital of Hoshen Eliav Ltd. from its former shareholders in
consideration of approximately $1.3 million in cash and contingent consideration estimated at approximately $0.2 million subject to the achievement of the gross
profit goals in the next three years. The company focuses on providing consulting to security companies. 

Acquisition of Top Q (Aqua) Software Ltd. During March 2014, Matrix purchased 100% of the share capital of Top Q (Aqua) Software Ltd. from its
former shareholders in consideration of approximately $1.2 million in cash and contingent consideration based on the achievement of a gross profit goal. The
company is engaged in software testing and specializes in automated testing.

Acquisition of Managware Ltd. On October  2, 2014, Matrix purchased 100% of the  share capital of Managware  Ltd.  from its former  shareholders in
consideration  of  approximately  $1.5  million  in  cash,  contingent  consideration  of  $0.7  million  paid  at  the  closing  and  contingent  consideration  payable  in  the
future subject to the Managware’s results for the years 2015 to 2017 and contingent upon the continued employment of the former shareholder of Managware.
Managware is engaged in the marketing of software and provides other services.

Acquisition  of  Enterprise  Division  of  U.S.  IT,  engineering  and  telecom  consulting  company  by  Magic  Software. In  November  2013,  Magic  Software
acquired  the  enterprise  division  of  Allstates  Technical  Services,  LLC,  a  U.S.-based  full-service  provider  of  consulting  and  outsourcing  solutions  for  IT, 
Engineering and Telecom personnel from KBR, Inc. (NYSE: KBR). This division, now known as Allstates Consulting Services LLC brings a strong reputation
and an experienced growth-focused management team serving some of the world’s leading telecom and technology companies. 

Additional Acquisitions by Matrix and Magic Software. In 2013, Matrix and Magic Software completed the acquisition of four other activities for an

aggregate total consideration of up to $8.5 million, of which $3.8 million is contingent upon the acquired activities achieve certain targets over time.

B.

Business Overview

General

We are a global IT solutions and services holdings company that is principally engaged through our directly held subsidiaries and affiliates in providing
proprietary and non-proprietary software solutions and services, software product marketing and support, computer infrastructure and integration solutions and
learning and integration. We deliver our solutions in over 50 countries worldwide to customers with complex IT services needs, including a number of “Fortune 
1000” companies.

Except for providing our subsidiaries and our affiliated companies with our management, technical expertise and marketing experience to help them to
penetrate their respective markets, direct the overall strategy of our subsidiaries and affiliated companies and monitor the growth of our subsidiaries and affiliated
company  through  our  active  involvement,  we  do  not  conduct  independent  operations  at  our  parent  company  level.  Our  operating  results  are,  and  have  been,
directly  influenced  by  the  consolidation  and  cessation  of  consolidation  of  our  subsidiaries,  which  could  cause  significant  fluctuations  in  our  consolidated
operating results. Consequently, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations are not necessarily meaningful and you should not rely
on these comparisons as indications of our future performance.

We operate through our subsidiaries: Matrix and InSync and through our affiliated companies Sapiens, Magic Software and TSG. From January 28, 2012 
through November 18, 2013, when we lost control of Sapiens for accounting purposes (under U.S. GAAP) following our direct interest in Sapiens outstanding
common shares diluting from 56.8% to 48.8% and from December 23, 2014, when we regained control of Sapiens, through September 30, 2015, when we lost
control of Sapiens for accounting purposes (under U.S. GAAP) following our direct interest in Sapiens outstanding common shares diluting from 50% to 49.1%,
Sapiens was our subsidiary. Between November 18, 2013 and December 23, 2014, Sapiens was an affiliated company for accounting purposes and again became
an affiliated company for accounting purposes on October 1, 2015. Until March 4, 2014, Magic Software was our subsidiary. As of March 5, 2014, as a result of
the dilution caused by the public offering of Magic Software, we lost the controlling interest for accounting purposes (under U.S GAAP) following our direct
interest in Magic outstanding ordinary shares diluting from 51.4% to 45.1%, and Magic Software became an affiliated company. The following is a description of
the areas of our business activity:

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IT Services

We design and implement IT solutions and software systems which improve the productivity of our customers’ existing IT assets. In delivering our IT
services, we at times use proprietary software developed by members of the Formula Group. We provide our IT services across the full system development life
cycle, including definition of business requirements, developing customized software, implementing software and modifying it based on the customer's needs,
system analysis, technical specifications, coding, testing, training, implementation and maintenance. We perform our projects on-site or at our own facilities.

Proprietary Software Solutions

We design, develop and market proprietary software solutions for sale in selected niche markets worldwide. We regularly seek opportunities to invest in
or  acquire  companies  with  attractive  proprietary  software  solutions  under  development  which  we  believe  to  have  market  potential.  The  majority  of  our
investments and acquisitions in this area have been in companies with products beyond the prototype stage. In addition, from time to time, we selectively invest in
companies with proven technology where we believe we can leverage our experience to enhance product positioning and increase market penetration. We provide
our management and technical expertise, marketing experience and financial resources to help bring these products to market. We also assist the members of our
group to form teaming agreements with strategic partners to develop a presence in international markets.

The Formula Group

Formula  is  the  parent  company  of  subsidiaries  and  affiliates,  which,  as  noted  above,  we  refer  to  collectively  (together  with  Formula)  as  the  Formula
Group. As of December 31, 2015, we held 90% of the shares of InSync, 50. 0% controlling interest Matrix, a 49.1% interest in Sapiens and a 46.4% interest in
Magic Software through our equity holdings. As of December 31, 2015, we had the right to appoint a majority of the board of directors of Matrix through our
equity holdings. In May 2016, we acquired a 50% interest in TSG. We provide our subsidiaries and our affiliated companies with our management, technical
expertise and marketing experience to help them to penetrate their respective markets. 

We  direct  the  overall  strategy  of  our  subsidiaries  and  affiliated  companies.  While  our  subsidiaries  and  affiliated  companies  each  have  independent

management, we monitor the growth of our subsidiaries and affiliated companies through our active involvement in the following matters:

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strategic planning;

(cid:120) marketing policies;

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

senior management recruitment;

investment and budget policy;

financing policies; and

overall ongoing monitoring of our subsidiaries’ and affiliated company’s performance.

We promote the synergy and cooperation among our subsidiaries and affiliated companies by encouraging the following:

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

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transfer of technology and expertise;

leveling of human resources demand;

combining skills for specific projects;

formation of critical mass for large projects; and

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(cid:120) marketing and selling the Formula Group’s products and services to its collective customer base.

We, through our subsidiaries and affiliated companies, offer a wide range of integrated IT software solutions and services, including the implementation
and  integration  projects  of  computing  and  software,  outsourcing,  project  management  software,  software  development,  outsourcing,  IT  managed  services,
software testing and QA, and software services, depending on specific needs of the customer and depending on the subject expertise necessary professional all
case by case basis, and design, develop and market proprietary software solutions for sale in selected niche markets, both in Israel and worldwide.

Our Subsidiaries 

Matrix

Matrix  IT  Ltd.  is  one  of  Israel’s  leading  integration  and  information  technology  services  companies.  Matrix  employs  approximately  7,650  software,
hardware, integration and training personnel, which provide advanced IT services to hundreds of customers in the Israeli market. Matrix also markets in Israel
software and hardware products manufactured by a broad range of international manufacturers.

The solutions, services and products supplied by Matrix are designed to improve Matrix’s customers’ competitive capabilities, by providing a response 

to their unique IT needs in all levels of their operations.

Areas of Operation

As  of  April  30,  2016,  Matrix  reported  on  four  principal  areas  of  operations,  reporting  its  U.S  and  Israeli  Software  solutions  and  services  under  one
operating segment. Following Matrix management decision to target the U.S market for expanding Matrix operations separately from its operations in the Israeli
market, it was management decision to split this activity to a separate operating segment and as of the date of this report Matrix operates through its directly and
indirectly held subsidiaries in the following principal areas

-
-
-
-
-

Software solutions and services - Israel.
Software solutions and services – United States.
Software product marketing and support.
Computer infrastructure and integration solutions.
Learning and integration.

Software  solutions  and  services  - Israel:  Matrix’s  primary  activities  in  this  area  include  development  of  software  systems  and  service,  including
integration  projects  of  systems  and  software,  outsourcing,  management  of  software  projects,  testing  of  developed  technology,  quality  assurance  and  software
services. The scope of work invested in each element varies from one customer to the other.

Software solutions and services – United States: Matrix provides solutions and expert services in the area of governance risk and compliance (“GRC”), 
including activities in the following areas: risk management, fraud management, anti-money laundering, and regulatory compliance security in these areas. Matrix
also provides solutions and technological services in the areas of portals, BI, DBA, CRM and EIM.

Software product marketing and support: Matrix activities in this area include marketing and support for various software products (mainly originated

outside of Israel) and providing professional support for these products to customers, including marketing and support of products.

Computer infrastructure and integration solutions: Matrix activities in this area consist of: (1) providing computer and telecommunication infrastructure
solutions; (2) selling and marketing personal computers, portable computers, Intel servers, peripheral equipment, operating systems, servers and workstations to
business customers; and (3) selling and marketing cloud based solutions (under the “CloudZone” division).

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Learning and integration: Matrix’s activities in this area consist of operating a network of training centers which provide advances courses for high-tech 
professionals, courses for developers and professional training, and soft skills and management training, and providing training and instructions with respect to
computer systems.

Matrix  provides  solutions,  services  and  products  primarily  to  the  following  market  sectors  (or  verticals):  banking,  finance  and  insurance,  commerce,

manufacturing and high-tech, government, defense telecommunications, healthcare and the public and security forces sector.

Matrix offers to each market sector a broad range of solutions and services, customized for the specific needs of that sector. Matrix operates dedicated
departments,  each  of  which  specializes  in  a  particular  sector.  Each  such  department  supplies  customers  in  that  sector  with  a  products  and  services  offering
providing  a  response  to  most  of  its  IT  requirements,  based  on  an  in-depth  business  understanding  of  the  challenges  which  are  typical  to  that  sector.  Matrix
established a separate division for each particular market sector, which manages the operations relating to that sector.

Specialization in the various sectors is reflected in the applications, professional and marketing aspects of each sector. Accordingly, the professional and

marketing infrastructure required to support each market sector is developed to address such sector’s specific needs.

In addition to the five sector-based areas of operations, Matrix operates three horizontal divisions providing specialist services for all of the different

sectors of operations as follows:

(cid:120) Expertise centers – Matrix operates about 20 “expertise centers” (“Centers of Excellence”), in areas such as: Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), 
Mobility  (Mobile  Technology),  Customer  Relations  Management  (CRM),  Enterprise  Resource  Planning  (ERP),  eXtended  Relationship  Management 
(XRM), Cloud Computing, Digital, User Experience, Open Source, Security & Cyber, Big data, Analytical BI, and DevOps. These expertise centers are 
based on business vertical concept, which is targeted to yield significant added value to the company’s customers, including: group of professionals that 
are  focused  and  have  expertise  in  the  related  technologies,  hands-on  experience  and  expertise  in  the  related  technologies,  methodologies,  and  best 
practices; and
(cid:120) A strategic consulting center that provides customers with diverse consultation services on topics such as organization, strategy, business development 
and technological development.
(cid:120) Quality assurance and related professional services under an offshore/”nearshore” model-

In  the  context  of  its  offshore/”nearshore” activities,  Matrix  conducts  IT-related  activities,  including  content  development,  quality  assurance,
maintenance,  customer  call  center  services  indexing  and  related  activities  that  are  performed  in  a  specific  region  or  country  where  such  activities  can  be
conducted  most inexpensively.  Matrix  offers  its  customers  these  types  of  solutions,  whether  via  its  “nearshore” Talpiot project and  Babcom  Centers  Ltd. (the
latter, a company located near large Arab population centers in the Galilee, housing thousands of educated and skillful men and women interested in developing a
career near their  homes)  or  via  its  offshore solutions  that  are  based  on  its  development centers  in  Bulgaria  and  Macedonia.  Periods of  economic cautiousness
(such as the present time) provide an added incentive for these types of inexpensive economic solutions. This trend is likely to expand Matrix’s operations in 
these areas in the context of its “Matrix Global” activities.

Matrix’s  customers  include  large  and  medium  size  enterprises  in  Israel,  including  commercial  banks,  loan  and  mortgage  banks,  telecommunications
services  providers,  cellular  operators,  credit  card  companies,  leasing  companies,  insurance  companies,  security  agencies,  hi-tech  companies  and  startups,  the 
Israeli Defense Forces and government ministries and public agencies and media and publishing entities. Approximately 60% of Matrix customers in the software
solutions and services business segment are in business relations with it for more than ten years and 25% of them are between five to ten years.

InSync

InSync  is  a  US  based  national  supplier  of  employees  to  Vendor  Management  Systems  (VMS)  Workforce  Management  Program  accounts.  InSync
specializes  in  providing  professionals  in  the  following  areas;  Accounting  and  Finance,  Administrative,  Customer  Service,  Clinical,  Scientific  and  Healthcare,
Engineering, Manufacturing and Operations, Human Resources, IT Technology, LI/MFG, and Marketing and Sales. With an experienced team of IT recruiters,
InSync can rapidly respond to a wide range of requirements with well qualified candidates. InSync currently supports more than 30 VMS program customers with
employees in over 40 states.

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Our Affiliated Companies

Sapiens 

Sapiens International Corporation N.V. is a leading global provider of software solutions for the insurance industry, with emerging growing presence in
the  financial  services  sector.  Sapiens’ robust  expertise  in  the  insurance  industry  is  reflected  in  its  innovative  software  solutions  for  providers  of  Property  &
Casualty/General Insurance, or P&C, and Life, Annuities & Pensions, & Annuities, enabling our customers to manage their core business functions, including
policy  administration,  claims  management  and  billing.  Sapiens  also  supply  core  record-keeping  software  solutions  for  providers  of  Retirement  Services  and
Reinsurance. Additionally, Sapiens offers a platform that enables its customers to quickly deploy business logic and comply with policies and regulations across
their organizations. . Sapiens’ solutions enable customers to respond to the rapidly-evolving market needs and regulatory changes, while improving the efficiency
of their core operations, thereby increasing revenues and reducing costs. Sapiens also offers services to insurance providers and financial institutions around the
globe, including consulting, migration, project delivery and implementation of our solutions.

Sapiens  operates  in  the  traditional  core  insurance  and  financial  services  markets.  Its  history  of  working  closely  with  insurance  and  financial  services
providers results in a deep understanding of these markets and their needs. Its target market includes both insurance carriers using legacy systems and those using
new technologies and financial services providers.

Sapiens offering is comprised primarily of (1) software solutions for the insurance industry with a growing presence in the financial services sector and

(2) global services including project delivery and implementation of its solutions.

Sapiens offers its insurance customers a range of packaged software solutions that are:

(cid:120) Comprehensive and function-rich, supporting generic insurance standards, regulations and processes by providing field-proven functionality and 

best practices.

(cid:120) Customizable to easily match our customers’ specific business requirements. Sapiens’ flexible architecture and configurable structure allows quick 
functionality  augmentation  that  permits  its  platform  to  be  used  across  different  markets,  unique  business  requirements  and  regulatory  regimes,
utilizing its knowledge and extensive insurance best practices.
Service-oriented architecture (“SOA”)-based to provide easy integration to any external application under any technology, allowing streamlined
connectivity  to  all  satellite  applications  and  enhancing  the  digital  experience  and  omni-channel  distribution  (while  maintaining  total  platform 
independence and system reliability).

(cid:120)

(cid:120) Component-based and scalable, allowing customers to deploy the solutions in a phased and modular approach, reducing risk and destruction to the

business, while supporting the growth plans and cost efficiency of the organization.

Sapiens’ packaged software solutions enable:

(cid:120) Rapid deployment of new insurance products, via configurable software, which creates a competitive advantage in all of the insurance markets

served by Sapiens.
Improvement of operational efficiency and reduction of risk, by providing full insurance process automation, with configurable workflows, audit
and control, streamlined insurance practices and simple integration and maintenance.

(cid:120)

(cid:120) Reduction of overhead for IT maintenance through easy-to-integrate solutions with flexible and modern architecture, resulting in lower costs for

ongoing maintenance, modifications, additions and integration.

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(cid:120)

Enhanced  omni-channel  distribution  and  focus  on  the  customers,  through  event-driven  architecture,  proactive  client  management  approach, 
rapid access to all levels of data and a holistic view of clients and distributors.

(cid:120) Various deployment models – from an on-premise deployment approach to cloud and hosted solutions.
(cid:120)

Support  of  digitalization  – digitalization  holds  massive  potential  for  financial  services  institutions  and  insurers,  but  only  if  they  manage  to
efficiently digitalize their operations, support omni-channel distribution and ensure that agents and customers are able to access real-time, accurate 
data at any time and from anywhere – including tablets and mobile devices.

Sapiens’ technology-based solutions include application development and business decision management platforms. Sapiens’ application development 
platforms allow for the deployment of tailor-made solutions that address unique business needs for which pre-packaged software solutions may not be available. 
Sapiens’ business  decision  management  platform,  Sapiens  DECISION,  allows  business  professionals  to  design,  simulate,  implement,  change  and  analyze  the
business logic that drives financial operations and compliance in a business-friendly format and environment. Sapiens’ platform facilitates the swift deployment
of new or changed business logic that originates from regulatory updates or market changes, reduces costs and improves efficiency by shortening the software
development lifecycle. This platform empowers the organization’s business users as they manage their business strategy, rules and logic by using business terms
rather than programming language

Sapiens Solution Offerings 

Sapiens Life, Pension & Annuity Solutions

Sapiens ALIS for Life, Pension and Annuities: Sapiens ALIS is a comprehensive software solution for individual, group and worksite insurance products.
ALIS  provides  comprehensive  support  for  the  complete  policy  lifecycle  of  all  life  insurance  products  from  quotation  and  illustrations,  through  underwriting,
insurance billing and servicing up to the claims management and exit processing.

Sapiens  ALIS  is  a  modular  system  and  its  functional  components  include  all  the  components  necessary  for  L&P  insurers  to  manage  their  business.
Sapiens  ALIS  allows  insurance  carriers  to  manage  their  entire  core  business  on  a  single  platform  and  to  integrate  Sapiens  ALIS  with  other  systems  for  the
completion of a specific activity or domain.

Sapiens Retirement Services: Leveraging on Sapiens ALIS, Sapiens has also developed Sapiens Retirement: a modern, end-to-end packaged software 
solution for record-keeping management for defined contribution record-keeping providers. Sapiens Retirement Services Platform is a next-generation, defined 
contribution, retirement services platform that enables record-keepers to secure and retain profitable plans by offering the efficiency, flexibility and end-to-end 
governance required for success in today’s market. Designed by leading industry experts, Sapiens Retirement Services supports a wide range of plan types – 401
(k), 403(b) and 457 – from micro to mega plans, and the associated plan variations, including ERISA, Non-ERISA, Safe Harbor, Taft Hartley and others.

Sapiens Closed Books: Sapiens Closed Books is a solution for life and pension insurance companies that enables them to efficiently and more effectively

administer policies and claims relating to closed books of business (products that are no longer open to new business, but must still be administered).

Sapiens TOPAZ: Sapiens TOPAZ is offered uniquely in the Israeli market, enabling life and pension carriers in Israel to handle a wide range of activities

and regulations that are unique to the Israeli market.

Sapiens Property & Casualty/General Insurance Solutions

Sapiens IDIT: Sapiens IDIT is a component-based software solution, addressing the specific needs of general insurance carriers for traditional insurance,

direct insurance, bancassurance and brokers markets, primarily in Europe and Asia-Pacific.

36

Sapiens  IDIT  integrates  multiple  front  office  and  back  office  processes,  including  insurance  product  design,  policy  administration,  underwriting,  call
center and remote users and partners, backed by fully secured internet-based capabilities. Sapiens IDIT provides a full set of components to support insurance
carriers’ core operations lifecycle – from inception, to renewal and claims. The solution includes modular software components that can be customized to match
specific insurance business requirements, while providing pre-configured functionality

Sapiens Insight. Insight for P&C is a software solution used by carriers that works on IBM System z (mainframe) and System i platforms. Insight for

P&C has been customized to meet specific business demands at the insurer level and regulatory needs at the state level.

Sapiens Reinsurance is a comprehensive business and accounting solution designed to support the entire range of reinsurance contracts and activities,
both ceded and assumed, for all lines of business. This software product provides both insurers and reinsurers superior handling of all reinsurance activities and
in-depth accounting functionality on a single platform. By incorporating fully automated functions adapted conveniently for its customers’ business procedures, 
Sapiens Reinsurance provides flexible and full financial control of its customers’ reinsurance processes, including full support for all auditing requirements and
statutory compliance..

Sapiens Business Decision Management Solutions 

Sapiens DECISION is a business decision management solution that consistently enforces business logic across all enterprise applications. Organizations
use  it  to  track,  verify  and  ensure  that  every  decision  is  based  on  the  most  up-to-date  rules  and  policies.  The  solution  is  powered  by  The  Decision  Model®,  a 
widely adopted decision management methodology, for which Sapiens owns a number of patents. Organizations are undergoing a paradigm shift in the way they
approach  change,  by  replacing  conventional  policy  and  process  management  with  an  emerging  discipline  called  decision  management.  Decision  management
bridges the gap between business and IT, by enabling business users to rapidly frame requirements in formal business models that can be easily understood by all
stakeholders. This ensures that the business logic is complete, internally consistent and accurate, and doesn’t replicate existing logic.

Sapiens  DECISION  allows  the  reusability  and  governance  of  business  logic  across  all  business  divisions  and  software  applications,  using  any  rules

engine or business process management system, and integrating seamlessly with the BRM or BPM system that the organization has in place.

Sapiens is currently focusing on the development and marketing of Sapiens DECISION in the financial services market in North America and Western
Europe, and is in the process of building best practices to be used mostly by mortgage banking, retail banking and investment banking. Sapiens also intends to
develop and market Sapiens DECISION for the insurance industry and leverage its industry knowledge and close relationships with its existing customers and
partners.

Technology Based Solutions

Sapiens  eMerge:  Sapiens  eMerge  is  a  rules-based,  model-driven  architecture  that  enables  the  creation  of  tailor-made,  mission-critical  core  enterprise 
applications with little or no coding. Sapiens’ technology is intended to allow customers to meet complex and unique requirements using a robust development
platform.

Sapiens' Global Services

Sapiens’ services  modernize  and  automate  processes  for  insurance  providers  and  financial  institutions  around  the  globe,  helping  to  create  greater
organizational efficiencies, reduce costs and provide a better end user experience. Built on a solid foundation of insurance domain expertise, proven technology
and a heritage of successful deployments, Sapiens assists clients in identifying and eliminating IT barriers to achieve business objectives. Benefits include:

(cid:120)

Project  Delivery  Experience.  More  than  30  years  of  field-proven  project  delivery  of  core  system  solutions,  based  on  best  practices  and
accumulated experience.

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(cid:120) Customer  Integration:  Sapiens  helps  its  customers  deploy  modern  solutions,  while  expertly  integrating  these  solutions  with  their  legacy

environments that must be supported.

(cid:120) Global Presence: Insurance and technology domain experts are available worldwide to provide professional services.

Sapiens’ service teams possess strong technology skills and industry expertise. The level of service and business understanding they provide contributes 
to the long term success of its customers. This helps Sapiens develop strategic relationships with its customers, enhances information exchange and deepens its
understanding of the needs of companies within the industry.

Through its service teams, Sapiens provides a wide scope of services and consultancy around its core solutions, both in the stage of the initial project 
implementation stage, as well as ongoing additional services. Many of its customers also use its services and expertise on an ongoing basis to assist them with
various aspects of daily maintenance, ongoing system administration and the addition of new solution enhancements.

In  addition,  most  of  Sapiens’ clients  elect  to  enter  into  an  ongoing  maintenance  and  support  contract  with  Sapiens.  The  terms  of  such  a  contract  are 
usually twelve months and are renewed every year. A maintenance contract entitles the customer to technology upgrades (when made generally available) and
technical support. Sapiens also offers introductory and advanced classes and training programs available at its offices and customer sites.

Sapiens also partners with several system integration consulting firms to achieve scalable, cost-effective implementations for our customers. Sapiens has 

developed an efficient, repeatable methodology that is closely aligned with the unique capabilities of its solutions.

Sales and Marketing

Sapiens  sales  channel  is  direct sales,  with  a  small  portion  of  partner  sales.  Sapiens sales  team is  located  at  its  regional offices in  North  America,  the 
United  Kingdom,  Belgium,  France,  Israel,  Australia,  India,  Poland  and  Japan.  The  direct  sales  force  is  geared  to  large  organizations  within  the  insurance  and
financial services industry.

In 2015, we continued to significantly invest in Sapiens target regions – North America, UK and Europe – and our sales, presales, domain experts and 
marketing personnel. We anticipate that our sales team will leverage their proximity to customers and prospective clients to drive more business, and offer our
services across our target markets.

Sapiens account managers have been focused on building ongoing relationships with existing customers, to maintain a high level of customer satisfaction 
and identify up-selling opportunities within these organizations. We believe that a high level of post-contract customer support is important to Sapiens continued 
success. In addition, Sapiens employs a team of technical specialists who provide a full range of maintenance and support services to Sapiens customers to help
them fully exploit the capabilities of its solutions.

As  part  of  Sapiens  sales  process,  Sapiens  typically  sells  a  package  that  includes  license,  implementation,  customization  and  integration  services,  and 
training services. All of Sapiens clients for whom it has deployed its solutions elect to enter into an ongoing maintenance and support contract with us. We aim to
expand our distribution model to include more channel partners and system integrators, but we intend to maintain the direct sales model as our prime distribution
channel.

We  attend  major  industry  trade  shows  to  improve  Sapiens  visibility  and  market  recognition.  Additionally,  we  host  client  conferences  – such  as  our 
annual Sapiens Client Conference, which took place in Gouvieux, France in October 2015 – that are intended to strengthen our relationships with our existing 
customer base.

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Sapiens also invests in its working relationships and advisory services within the global industry-analyst community.

Sapiens  works  together  with  standards  providers  – such  as  ACORD,  MISMO  and  SPARK  – to  further  enrich  Sapiens’ offerings  and  provide  its 

customers with comprehensive and innovative solutions that address the entire breadth of their business needs.

Magic Software

Magic Software Enterprises Ltd. is a global provider of proprietary application development and business process integration platforms, selected vertical
software solutions and related professional services, as well as a vendor of IT professional and outsourcing services. Magic Software’s software technology is 
used by customers to develop, deploy and integrate on-premise, mobile and cloud-based business applications quickly and cost effectively. In addition, Magic
Software’s technology enables enterprises to accelerate the process of delivering business solutions that meet current and future needs and allow customers to
dramatically improve their business performance and return on investment. With respect to IT outsourcing services, Magic Software offers a complete portfolio of
professional services in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, application development, technology consulting, planning and implementation services,
support services and supplemental outsourcing services. In addition, Magic Software offers a variety of proprietary comprehensive packaged software solutions
through certain of its subsidiaries for (i) revenue management and monetization solutions in mobile, wireline, broadband and MVNO/E, (ii) management system
of  both  hubs  and  traditional  air  cargo  ground  handling  operations  from  physical  handling  and  cargo  documentation  through  customs,  seamless  EDI
communications,  dangerous  goods,  special  handling,  track  and  trace,  security  to  billing;  (iii)  human  capital  management,  or  HCM,  solutions,  to  facilitate  the
collection, analysis and interpretation of quality data about people, their jobs and their performance, to enhance HCM decision making and (iv) a comprehensive
system for managing broadcast channels in the area of TV broadcast management through cloud-based on demand service or on premise solutions.

Based  on  Magic  Software’s  technological  capabilities,  its  software  solutions  enable  customers  to  respond  to  the  rapidly-evolving  market  needs  and 
regulatory changes, while improving the efficiency of their core operations. Magic Software has approximately 1,200 employees and operates through a network
of over 3,000 independent software vendors, who we refer to as Magic Software Providers, or MSPs, and hundreds of system integrators, distributors, resellers,
and consulting and OEM partners. Thousands of enterprises in approximately 50 countries use Magic Software’s products and services.

Magic Software’s software platforms consist of:

(cid:120) Magic xpa, an application platform for developing and deploying business applications,
(cid:120) AppBuilder  Application  Platform,  an  application  platform  for  building,  deploying,  and  maintaining  high-end,  mainframe-grade  business 

applications and;

(cid:120) Magic xpi, a platform for application integration.

These  software  solutions  enable  Magic  Software  customers  to  improve  their  business  performance  and  return  on  investment  by  supporting  the  cost-
effective and rapid delivery and integration of business applications, systems and databases. Using its products, enterprises and MSPs can achieve fast time-to-
market  by  rapidly  building  integrated  solutions  and  deploying  them  in  multiple  environments  while  leveraging  existing  IT  resources.  In  addition,  Magic
Software’s  software  solutions  are  scalable  and  platform-agnostic,  enabling  its  customers  to  build  software  applications  by  specifying  their  business  logic
requirements in a high-level language rather than in computer code, and to benefit from seamless platform upgrades and cross-platform functionality without the
need  to  re-write  their  applications.  Magic  Software’s  platforms  also  support  the  development  of  mobile  applications  that  can  be  deployed  on  a  variety  of
smartphones and tablets, and in a cloud environment. In addition, Magic Software continuously evolves its platforms to include the latest technologies to meet the
demands of its customers and the markets in which they operate.

Magic Software’s software solutions enable enterprises to accelerate the planning, development, deployment and integration of on-premise, mobile and 
cloud  business  applications  that  can  be  rapidly  customized  to  meet  current  and  future  needs.  Magic  Software’s  software  solutions  and  professional  services
empower customers to dramatically improve their business performance and return on investment by enabling the cost-effective and rapid delivery, integration
and  mobilization  of  business  applications,  systems  and  databases.  Magic  Software’s  technology  and  solutions  are  especially  in  demand  when  time-to-market 
considerations  are  critical,  budgets  are  tight,  and  integration  is  required  with  multiple  platforms  or  applications,  databases  or  existing  systems  and  business
processes, as well as for the RIA and SaaS applications. Magic Software’s technology also provides the option to deploy its software capabilities in the cloud,
hosted in a web services cloud computing environment. We believe these capabilities provide organizations with a faster deployment path and lower total cost of
ownership. Magic Software’s technology also allows developers to stage multiple applications before going live in production.

39

Development  communities  are  facing  high  complexity,  cost  and  extended  pay-back  periods  in  order  to  deliver  cloud,  RIAs,  mobile  and  SaaS
applications. Magic xpa, AppBuilder and Magic xpi provide MSPs with the ability to rapidly build integrated applications in a more productive manner, deploy
them in multiple modes and architectures as needed, lower IT maintenance costs and speed time-to-market. Our solutions are comprehensive and industry proven. 
These technologies can be applied to the entire software development market, from the implementation of micro-vertical solutions, through tactical application
renovation and process automation solutions, to enterprise spanning SOA migrations and composite applications initiatives. Unlike most competing platforms, we
offer  a  coherent  and  unified  toolset  based  on  the  same  proven  metadata  driven  and  rules-based  declarative  technology.  Metadata  platforms  consist  of  pre-
compiled and pre-written technical and administrative functions, which are essentially ready-made business application coding that enables developers to bypass
the intensive technical code-writing stage of application development and integration, concentrate on building the correct logic for their apps and move quickly
and  efficiently  to  deployment.  Through  the  use  of  metadata-driven  platforms  such  as Magic xpa,  AppBuilder and  Magic  xpi,  software  vendors  and  enterprise
customers can experience unprecedented cost savings through fast and easy implementation and reduced project risk.

Magic Software’s vertical software solutions include:

(cid:120)

Leap™, a proprietary comprehensive core software solution for BSS, including convergent charging, billing, customer management, policy control
and payment software solutions for the telecommunications, content, and other industries;

(cid:120) Hermes Solution, a proprietary comprehensive core software solution for both hubs and traditional air cargo ground handling operations;
(cid:120) HR Pulse, a customizable single-tenant SaaS tool that helps organizations to monitor employee performance, progress and potential through a menu
of  templates  that  can  create  new  HCM  solutions,  complement  existing  processes,  and/or  integrate  with  legacy  HR  systems  already  in  use  by
organizations, and

(cid:120) MBS Solution, a proprietary comprehensive core system for managing TV broadcast channels.

Magic Software Platforms

(cid:120) Magic  xpa Application  Platform,  Magic  Software’s  metadata  driven  application  platform,  provides  a  simple,  code-free  and  cost-effective 
development and deployment environment that lets organizations and MSPs quickly create user-friendly, enterprise-grade, multi-channel mobile and 
desktop business apps that employ the latest advanced functionalities and technologies.

Magic  Software  has  continually  enhanced  its  xpa  application  platform  to  respond  to  major  market  trends  such  as  the  growing  demand  for  cloud
based  offerings  including  RIAs,  mobile  applications  and  SaaS.  Accordingly,  Magic  Software  has  added  new  functionalities  and  extensions  to  its
application platform, with the objective of enabling the development of RIAs, SaaS, mobile and cloud enabled applications. SaaS is a relatively new
business  and  technical  model  for  delivering  software  applications,  similar  to  a  phone  or  cable  TV  model,  in  which  the  software  applications  are
installed and hosted in dedicated data centers and users subscribe to these centers and use the applications over an internet connection. This model
requires the ability to deliver RIAs. Magic xpa is a comprehensive RIA platform. It uses a single development paradigm that handles all ends of the
application development and deployment process including client and server partitioning and the inter-communicating layers.

40

Magic xpa offers customers the power to choose how they deploy their applications, whether full client or web; on-premise or on-demand; in the 
cloud or behind the corporate firewall; software or mobile or SaaS; global or local. The Magic xpa Application Platform complies with event driven
and  service  oriented  architectural  principles.  By  offering  technology  transparency,  this  product  allows  customers  to  focus  on  their  business
requirements rather than technological means. The Magic xpa single development paradigm significantly reduces the time and costs associated with
the development and deployment of cloud-based applications, including RIAs, mobile and SaaS. In addition, application owners can leverage their
initial investment when moving from full client mode to cloud mode, and modify these choices as the situation requires. Enterprises can use cloud
based  Magic  xpa  applications  in  a  SaaS  model  and  still  maintain  their  databases  in  the  privacy  of  their  own  data  centers.  It  also  supports  most
hardware  and  operating  system  environments  such  as  Windows,  Unix,  Linux  and  AS/400,  as  well  as  multiple  databases  and  is  interoperable
with .NET and Java technologies.

Magic  xpa  can  be  applied  to  the  full  range  of  software  development,  from  the  implementation  of  micro-vertical  solutions,  through  tactical
application renovation and process automation solutions, to enterprise spanning SOA migrations and composite applications initiatives. Unlike most
competing platforms, Magic Software offers a coherent and unified toolset based on the same proven metadata driven and rules based declarative
technology, resulting in increased cost savings through fast and easy implementation and reduced project risk.

The  Magic  xpa  Application  Platform  was  acknowledged  in  Gartner’s  2013  Magic  Quadrant  for  On-Premise  Application  Platform  as  “gaining  in 
popularity versus Java as enterprises seek to exploit new technologies to improve developer productivity.” Magic Software’s Enterprise Mobility 
Solution received the 2013 Shining Star Award for Enterprise Application Development from Mobile Village and also received Developer Week’s 
2014 Top Innovator Award and a 2014 Mobile Village Superstar Award for Mobile Development.

In  July  2014,  Magic  Software  released  Magic  xpa  Application  Platform  2.5,  with  new  features  and  enhancements  to  allow  for  fast  and  easy
enterprise  mobility  application  creation  and  improved  user  experience  along  with  the  brand-new  Magic  Mobile  Accelerator  Framework,  which 
includes a set of pre-built, reusable and customizable components for a wide variety of popular mobile application features, including user interface
and  display,  navigation,  graphs  and  charting,  location  services,  synchronization,  and  device  and  application  auditing.  Designed  to  work  together
under the same framework, accelerator components enable Magic developers to create attractive, functional mobile applications, faster and with less
effort than ever before.

In  May  2015,  Magic  Software  released  Magic  xpa  3.0,  an  improved  version  of  our  application  platform  including  high  performance In-Memory 
Data Grid architecture, an enhanced Visual Studio-based development environment, powerful new mobile development capabilities and support for
Big Data and Fast Data by enabling users to stream application data to an in-memory space.

In March 2016, Magic Software released Magic xpa version 3.1, the latest version of its Magic xpa Application Platform, incorporating feedback
from the field to bring its customers additional value in terms of simplifying app modernization, accelerating enterprise mobile app development and
maximizing  end  user  adoption,  This  latest  release  includes  end  user  customization  capabilities,  an  enhanced  user  interface,  or  UI,  and  a  new
Upgrade  Manager.  With  enterprise  apps  increasingly  critical  to  companies’ digital  transformation  success,  Magic  xpa’s  powerful  and  highly 
productive environment can provide an important competitive edge. With its advanced personalization capabilities, improved usability and a new
automated  Upgrade  Manager,  Magic  xpa  3.1  makes  it  easier  than  ever  for  Magic  Software’s  large  customer  base  to  modernize  and  extend 
capabilities of their existing apps with less effort and risk.

41

(cid:120)

AppBuilder Application Platform is  a development environment used  for managing, maintaining and reusing complicated applications needed by
large businesses. It provides the infrastructure for enterprises worldwide, across several industries, with applications running millions of transactions
daily  on  legacy  systems.  Enterprises  using  AppBuilder  can  build,  deploy  and  maintain  large-scale  custom-built  business  applications  for  years
without  being  dependent  on  any  particular  technology.  The  AppBuilder  deployment  environments  include  IBM  mainframe,  Unix,  Linux  and
Windows. AppBuilder is intended to increase productivity and agility in the creation and deployment of enterprise class computing.

AppBuilder follows the 4GL development paradigm to help enterprises focus on the business needs and definition and overlook technical hurdles.
AppBuilder developers define the business roles and prior to deployment the code is generated from the development environment to the required
run  time  environment.  Several  large  MSPs  have  utilized  AppBuilder  to  build  state  of  the  art  applications  that  are  deployed  through  many  large
customers.

AppBuilder  implements  a  model  driven  architecture  approach  to  application  development.  It  provides  the  ability  to  design  an  application  at  the
business  modeling  level  and  generate  forward  to  an  application.  AppBuilder  has  a  platform-independent,  business-rules  language  that  enables 
generation to multiple platforms. It is possible to generate the client part of an application as Java and the server part as COBOL. As businesses
change, the server part can be generated as Java without changing the application logic. Only a simple configuration option needs to be changed.

In April 2015, AppBuilder launched a next-generation HTML5 development tool. AppBuilderHTML5 enables AppBuilder’s enterprise customers to 
easily turn their large-scale client/server business applications into fully functional browser-based apps.

(cid:120) Magic xpi Integration Platform is a graphical, wizard-based code-free solution delivering fast and simple integration and orchestration of business
processes and applications. Magic xpi allows businesses to more easily view, access, and leverage their mission-critical information, delivering true
enterprise application integration, or EAI, business process management, or BPM, and SOA infrastructure. Increasing the usability and life span of
existing legacy and other IT systems, Magic xpi allows fast EAI, development and customization of diverse applications, systems and databases,
assuring rapid return on invested capital and time-to-market, increased profitability and customer satisfaction.

Magic  xpi  allows  the  integration  and  interoperability  of  diverse  solutions,  including  legacy  applications,  in  a  quick  and  efficient  manner.  Magic
Software has  entered  into  agreements with additional  system  integrators, consultancies  and service providers,  who  acquired  Magic  xpi  skills  and
offer  Magic  xpi  licenses  and  related  services  to  their  customers.  Magic  Software  also  offers  special  editions  of  Magic  xpi  targeted  at  specific
enterprise  application  vendor  ecosystems,  such  as  SAP,  Oracle  JD  Edwards,  Microsoft  Sharepoint  and  Salesforce.com.  These  special  editions
contain specific features and pricing tailored for these market sectors.

In April 2013, Magic Software released Magic xpi 4.0, a significant major release that provides new capabilities in the areas of high availability,
scalability and fault-tolerance for enterprise integration solutions. The architecture for Magic xpi 4.0 is based on IMDG technology, enabling very
high-availability and performance, while preserving Magic Software’s easy-to-use and simplicity tradition and allowing existing integration projects
to migrate seamlessly to the new release.

In December 2014, Magic Software released Magic xpi 4.1 incorporating feedback from the field to bring its customers a lot of additional value in
terms of redundancy, reliability, stability, performance, and monitoring. For example, users can now define an alternate host for the server to work
with, if the main host is unavailable or if the startup procedure on the main host fails. Magic Software also added a new mechanism to rebalance the
Space partitions so that the primary partition and its backup will not run on the same machine when they are deployed on a clustered environment.

42

Vertical-software solutions

(cid:120)

Leap.  Magic  Software  markets  Leap™  through  its  FTS  subsidiary,  which  has  over  18  years  of  BSS  experience,  based  on  dozens  of  projects
delivered  to  customers  in  over  40  countries.  Magic  Software  implements revenue  management  and  monetization  solutions  in  mobile,  wireline,
broadband, MVNO/E, payments, e-commerce, M2M / Internet of Things, mobile money, cable, cloud and content markets under the brand name of 
Leap™. 

FTS works with telecommunications, content and payment service providers globally to help them manage complex transactions and relationships
with  greater  flexibility  and  independence.  Analyzing  transactions  from  a  business  standpoint,  FTS  offers  end-to-end  and  add-on  telecom  billing, 
charging, policy control and payments solutions to customers worldwide, and services both growing and major providers.

FTS  targets  mid  to  lower  level  tier  service  providers,  supporting  their  BSS  needs  with  end-to-end,  turnkey  billing  and  other  BSS  projects.  In 
addition, FTS offers upper-tiers of service providers with BSS and monetization solutions for specific needs, including policy control and charging
solutions,  M2M  billing,  billing  for  content  services,  MVNE/MVNO  billing,  mobile  money  software  solutions,  payment  and  mobile  payment
solutions and others.

FTS’s  solutions  are  delivered  via  cloud,  on-premises  or  in  a  fully  managed-services  mode  and  are  backed  by  FTS’s  Israel  and  Bulgaria-based 
experienced professional services support team. 

During 2015, FTS improved its position in Gartner’s Magic Quadrant for Integrated Revenue and Customer Management which assesses vendors on
‘Completeness  of  vision’ and  ‘Ability  to  execute’.  FTS’ position  improved  in  the  niche  quadrant  in  both  dimensions  this  year.  To  determine  its
positioning, Gartner evaluated FTS’ convergent billing, charging, policy control and partner management solutions for the telecom, IoT, MVNO,
mobile money and payments industries.

(cid:120) HR Pulse. HR Pulse, which is now in its 10th release, is a proprietary platform that creates and customizes software applications for HCM, with the
goal to combine technology with effective processes, to facilitate the collection, analysis and interpretation of quality data about people, their jobs
and  their  performance,  to  enhance  HCM  decision  making,  resulting  in  increased  organizational  efficiency  and  effectiveness.  HR  Pulse  addresses
four distinct functional areas with the ability to also work as one consolidated system:

Performance and goal management

(cid:131)
(cid:131) Development management
(cid:131)
(cid:131)

Talent management and succession planning
Compensation and merit review

Magic  Software’s  offering  includes  customizable  HCM  SaaS  Solutions  that  provides  a  menu  of  templates  that  can  be  used  to  affordably  and 
expeditiously create customized HCM solutions for companies.  The HR Pulse platform promotes the building and implementation of solutions that 
address  broader  business  challenges  as  well.  Such  offerings  include  360  degree  feedback,  employee  surveys,  leadership  and  management 
development, coaching and job evaluation.

(cid:120) Hermes. Hermes is a proprietary, state-of-the-art, packaged software solution for managing air cargo ground handling stations, or GHA, encompassing 
all aspects of cargo handling, from physical handling and cargo documentation through customs, seamless EDI communications, dangerous goods, 
special handling, track and trace, security to billing. Over the last 10 years the Hermes system has been implemented in over 70 terminals globally in 
all  five  continents,  providing  efficiency  and  accuracy  in  connection  with  the  handling  of  more  than  5  million  tons  of  freight  annually.  Customers 
benefit  through  faster  processing  and  more  accurate  billing,  reporting  and  ultimately  enhanced  revenue.   Customers  include  independent  ground 
handlers,  airlines  with  a  cargo  arm  or  hubs  belonging  to  one  airline  or  those  catering  to  a  number  of  airlines  transiting  cargo  to  additional 
destinations. The Hermes solution is delivered on a licensed or fully hosted basis.  

43

Magic Software’s technology enables enterprises to accelerate the process of building and deploying business software applications that can be rapidly
customized to meet current and future needs. Magic Software’s development and integration products empower customers to dramatically improve their business
performance  and  return  on  investment  by  enabling  the  affordable  and  rapid  integration  of  diverse  applications,  systems  and  databases  to  streamline  business
processes from within one comprehensive framework.

Magic  Software  addresses  the  critical  business  needs  of  companies  so  that  they  are  able  to  quickly  respond  to  changing  market  forces  and  demands.

Robust business solutions are created, deployed and maintained with unrivaled productivity and time-to-market results.

Magic Software’s technologies  are used by  a  wide variety of  developers, integrators and solution  providers, which can generally be  divided into  two
sectors:  (i)  those  performing  in-house  development  (corporate  IT  departments)  and  (ii)  MSPs,  including  large  system  integrators  and  smaller  independent
developers, and value added resellers that use Magic Software’s technology to develop or provide solutions to their customers. MSPs who are packaged software
publishers use Magic Software’s technology to write standard  packaged software products that are sold to multiple clients, typically within a vertical industry
sector or a horizontal business function.

Services/ Professional Services.

IT  Services.  Magic  Software’s  IT  services  offerings  consist  of  a  variety  of  professional  services  that  can  be  grouped  into  integration  and  other  IT

services. Magic Software’s integration services include:

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

Infrastructure analysis, design and delivery - management of complex, tailor-made projects and telecom infrastructure projects in wireless and 
wire-line as well as IT consulting services, mainly for the defense and public sectors.
Technology consulting and implementation services - planning and execution of end-to-end, large-scale, complex solutions in networking, cyber
security, command & control and high performance transaction systems.

(cid:120) Application  development – Magic  Software  specializes  in  end-to-end  projects  that  feature  an  array  of  technologies,  from  development  and
implementation  of  concepts  for  startups  to  overall  responsibility  for  the  development  of  systems  for  large  enterprises.  Magic  Software’s 
development services include development of on-premise, mobile and cloud applications as well as Embedded and real time software development.

Services  are  offered  as  separately  purchased  add-on  packages  or  as  part  of  an  overall  software  development  and  deployment  technology  framework.
Over  the  last  several  years,  Magic  Software  has  built  upon  its  established  global  presence  to  form  business  alliances  with  MSPs  who  use  Magic  Software
technology to develop solutions for their customers, and with distributors to deliver successful solutions in focused market sectors.

Maintenance. Magic Software offers its customers annual maintenance contracts providing for unspecified upgrades and new versions and enhancements

for its products on a when-and-if-available basis for an annual fee.

Customer Support. Magic Software’s in-house technical support group provides training and post-sale support. Magic Software offers an online support 
system for the MSPs, providing them with the ability to instantaneously enter, confirm and track support requests via the Internet. This system supports MSPs and
end-users worldwide. As part of this online support, Magic Software offers a Support Knowledge Base tool providing the full range of technical notes and other
documentation  including  technical  papers,  product  information,  most  answers  to  most  common  customer  queries  and  known  issues  that  have  already  been
reported.

Training. Magic Software conducts formal and organized training on its development tools. Magic Software develops courses, pertaining to its principal
products, Magic xpa and Magic xpi, and provides trainer and student guidebooks. Course materials are available both in traditional, classroom courses and as
web-based  training  modules,  which  can  be  downloaded  and  studied  at  a  student’s  own  pace  and  location.  The  courses  and  course  materials  are  designed  to
accelerate the learning process, using an intensive technical curriculum in an atmosphere conducive to productive training.

44

Magic  Software  IT  Strategic  Consulting  and  Staffing  Services  Magic  Software  also  provides  a  broad  range  of  IT  consulting  services  in  the  areas  of
infrastructure design and delivery, application development, technology planning and implementation services, as well as supplemental staffing services. Magic
Software’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Coretech Consulting Group LLC, Fusion Solutions LLC, Xsell Resources Inc., Allstates Consulting Services LLC, and the
Comm-IT  Group  provide  advanced  IT  consulting  and  staffing  services  to  a  wide  variety  of  companies  including  Fortune  1000  companies.  Magic  Software’s 
technical  personnel  generally  supplement  the  in-house  capabilities  of  its  clients.  Magic  Software’s  approach  is  to  make  available  a  broad  range  of  technical 
personnel to meet the requirements of its clients rather than focusing on specific specialized areas. Magic Software has extensive knowledge of and have worked
with  virtually  all  types  of  wireless  and  wireline  telecom  infrastructure  technologies  as  well  as  in  the  areas  of  infrastructure  design  and  delivery,  application
development,  project  management,  technology  planning  and  implementation  services.  Magic  Software’s  consulting  partners  come  from  a  wide  range  of 
industries, including finance, insurance, government, health care, logistics, manufacturing, media, retail and telecommunications. With an experienced team of
recruiters in the telecom and other IT areas and with a substantial and a growing database of telecom talent, Magic Software can rapidly respond to a wide range
of  requirements  with  well  qualified  candidates.  Magic  Software’s  client  list  includes  major  global  telecoms,  OEMs  and  engineering,  furnish  and  installation
service  companies.  Magic  Software  has  built  long-term  relationships  with  its  clients  by  providing  expert  telecom  talent.  Magic  Software  provides  individual
consultants for contract and contract-to-hire assignments as well as candidates for full time placement. In addition, Magic Software configures teams of technical
consultants for assigned projects at its clients’ sites.

Sales and Marketing.

Magic  Software  sells  its  solutions  globally  through  its  own  direct  sales  representatives  and  offices  and  through  a  broad  sales  distribution  network,
including  independent  country  distributors,  independent  service  vendors  that  use  our  technology  to  develop  and  sell  solutions  to  their  customers,  and  system
integrators.  Magic  Software  also  offers  software  maintenance,  support,  training,  and  consulting  services  in  connection  with  its  products  and  vertical  software
solutions,  thus  aiding  the  successful  implementation  of  projects  and  assuring  successful  operation  of  the  platforms  once  installed.  Magic  Software  sells  its
integration  solutions to customers  using specific popular  software  applications, such as SAP, Salesforce.com,  IBM i  (AS/400),  Oracle JD Edwards, Microsoft
SharePoint,  Microsoft  Dynamics,  SugarCRM  or  other  eco-systems.  As  such,  Magic  Software  enjoys  a  well-diversified  client  base  across  geographies  and 
industries including oil & gas companies, telecommunications groups, financial institutions, industrial companies, public institutions and international agencies.

TSG

TSG is a global high technology company engaged in high-end technical solutions for protecting the safety of national borders, improving data gathering

mechanisms, and enhancing communications channels for military, homeland security and civilian organizations.

TSG operates primarily in the defense and homeland security arenas. The nature of military and homeland security actions in recent years, including low
intensity conflicts and ongoing terrorist activities, as well as budgetary pressures to focus on leaner but more technically advanced forces, have caused a shift in
the defense and homeland security priorities for many of TSG’s major customers. As a result TSG believes there is a continued demand in the areas of command,
control, communications, computer and intelligence (C4I) systems, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) systems, intelligence gathering systems,
border and perimeter security systems, cyber-defense systems. There is also a continuing demand for cost effective logistic support and training and simulation
services.  TSG  believes  that  its  synergistic  approach  of  finding  solutions that  combine  elements  of  its  various  activities positions  it  to  meet  evolving  customer
requirements in many of these areas.

TSG  tailors  and  adapts  its  technologies,  integration  skills,  market  knowledge  and  operationally-proven  systems  to  each  customer’s  individual 
requirements  in  both  existing  and  new  platforms.  By  upgrading  existing  platforms  with  advanced  technologies,  TSG  provides  customers  with  cost-effective 
solutions, and its customers are able to improve their technological and operational capabilities within limited budgets.

45

TSG  markets  its  systems  and  products  either  as  a  prime  contractor  or  as  a  subcontractor  to  various  governments  and  defense  and  homeland  security
contractors  worldwide.  In  Israel,  TSG  sells  its  defense,  intelligence  and  homeland  security  systems  and  products  mainly  to  the  IMOD,  which  procures  all
equipment for the Israeli Defense Force (IDF).

TSG’s offerings include:

Command & Control Solutions

TSG offers sophisticated and innovative command and control solutions that support military and civilian sectors on land, air and sea. TSG provides a variety of
Command  &  Control  solutions  ranging  from  strategic  battlefield  management  to  tactical  and  special  operations  forces.  TSG  systems  cover  all  echelons  of
management,  from  national  and  regional  levels  down  to  the  operational  and  tactical  levels.  Its  systems  are  field  proven  and  used  by  military  forces,  security
services and public safety organizations worldwide.

Intelligence, Surveillance and Knowledge Management Solutions

TSG Intelligence solutions for security agencies and defense forces meet the demand for accurate and timely intelligence, based on multiple sources and sensors.
TSG  unique  technologies  cover  the  entire  life-cycle  of  intelligence  from  acquisition  to  fusion,  analysis,  distribution,  target  management  and  more.  TSG’s 
Knowledge Management solutions provide public sector bodies with the capacity to effectively manage their organizational data, support decision making and
follow-up.

Telecommunication & IT Management Solutions

TSG has extensive experience in developing and integrating telecommunications and IT solutions and tools such as Operations Support Systems (OSS),
Contact Centers, Back Office Optimization and Value-Added Services (VAS) that are tailored to meet the requirements of multiple applications. Leveraging deep
know-how in telecommunications, TSG provides wide-ranging offering suitable for public and private sector organizations.

Cyber Security Solutions & Services:

TSG  provides  cutting-edge  security  services  and  solutions  to  government  and  private  sectors  including  secure  critical  infrastructure  and  financial
institutions in cyber space. TSG cyber solutions, Cyber Security Center (CSC), Security Training, Security Investigations and Security Engineering support the
establishment  of  a  safe,  secure  and  reliable  work  environment  and  cover,  among  other  things,  Security  Engineering,  Digital  Forensics,  Computer  emergency
response teams (CERT), Mobile Security, and Training. 

Homeland Security Solutions (HLS) 

TSG's  field  proven  homeland  security  solutions  maximize  safety  and  security  while  minimizing  threats.  TSG  provide  its  clients  with  paramount
technologies ranging from emergency management and Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defense (CBRN) systems, to rescue & special operations
and smart and safe city solutions.

Supporting Tools:

TSG offers a variety of supporting system and solutions, providing dynamic and customizable field proven applications for in the following verticals:

(cid:120)
(cid:120)

Facility Management
Recording and Debriefing systems

46

Trainers and Simulators

(cid:120)
(cid:120) Mapping Engines

Revenues Distribution Among Operating Segments

The following table summarizes our consolidated revenues generated by each of our directly held subsidiaries. Sapiens revenues reflect for 2013, for the
period ending on November 19, 2013, the date on which Formula’s percentage interest in Sapiens decreased to under 50%, resulting in the deconsolidation of
Sapiens’ results, for 2014, the period starting on December 23, 2014, the date on which Formula regained its controlling interest in Sapiens and for 2015, the
period beginning on January 1, 2015 and ending on September 30, 2015, the date on which Formula’s percentage interest in Sapiens again decreased to under 
50%. Magic Software’s revenues reflect all of the revenues of Magic Software for 2013 and, for 2014, the period ending on March 5, 2014, the date on which
Formula’s interest in Magic Software decreased to under 50%, resulting in the deconsolidation of Magic Software’s results. 

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014
(U.S. dollars in thousands)

2015

Matrix
Sapiens
Magic Software
InSync

Total

Geographical Distribution of Revenues

$

533,922 $
117,281
144,678
-

586,333 $

-
27,299
22,785

584,031
136,605
-
29,919

795,881

636,417

750,555

The following table summarizes our revenues classified by geographic regions of our customers, for the periods indicated:

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014
(U.S. dollars in thousands)

2015

Israel
International:
United States
Europe
Other

Total

$

526,179 $

531,193 $

527,628

155,002
84,864
29,836

87,270
14,576
3,378

144,489
63,347
15,091

795,881

636,417

750,555

47

Competition

The markets for the IT products and services we offer are rapidly evolving, highly competitive and fragmented, and, in some cases, present only low
barriers to entry, with frequent new product introductions, and mergers and acquisitions. Our ability to compete successfully in IT services markets depends on a
number of factors, like breadth of service offerings, sales and marketing efforts, service, pricing, and quality and reliability of services. The principal competitive
factors affecting the market for the proprietary software solutions include product performance and reliability, product functionality, availability of experienced
personnel, price, ability to respond in a timely manner to changing customer needs, ease of use, training and quality of support.

We face competition, both in Israel and internationally, from a variety of companies, including companies with significantly greater resources than us

who are likely to enjoy substantial competitive advantages, including:

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

longer operating histories;

greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources;

greater name recognition;

(cid:120) well-established relationships with our current and potential clients; and

(cid:120)

a broader range of products and services.

As a result, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies or changes in customer requirements. They may also
benefit from greater purchasing economies, offer more aggressive product and service pricing or devote greater resources to the promotion of their products and
services. In addition, in the future, we may face further competition from new market entrants and possible alliances between existing competitors. We also face
additional competition as we continue to penetrate international markets. As a result, we cannot assure you that the products and solutions we offer will compete
successfully with  those  of our  competitors. Furthermore, several  software  development centers  worldwide  offer  software  development  services at much  lower
prices than we do. Due to the intense competition in the markets in which we operate, software products prices may fluctuate significantly. As a result, we may
have to reduce the prices of our products.

Matrix’s principal competitors in the domestic Israeli market are Israeli IT services companies and systems integrators, the largest of which are One-1, 
Taldor Computer Systems, Malam-Team, Hilan Ltd. (including its subsidiary Ness A.T Ltd.), IBM Israel, HP Israel, Aman, the Elad Group, Yael, SQLink, Emet,
LogOn, HMS and OfficeSoft. Matrix’s competitors in the United States market include IBM, Accenture and the Big-4 accounting firms. Matrix’s international 
competitors  in  the  Israeli  marketplace  include  Microsoft,  IBM,  HP,  Oracle  and  CA.  These  international  competitors  often  use  local  subcontractors  to  provide
personnel for contracts performed in Israel. Most of these international entities are also business partners of Matrix. Matrix competitors with respect to training
are the training centers of Ness Technologies, IITC, HackerU and Sela.

Sapiens’ competitors  in  the  market  for  insurance  solutions  differ  based  on  the  size,  geography  and  line  of  business  in  which  it  operates.  Some  of  its
competitors offer a full suite of services, while others only offer one module; some operate in specific (domestic) geographies, while others operate on a global
basis. In addition, delivery models vary, with some competitors keeping delivery in-house, or using IT outsourcing (ITO) or business process outsourcing (BPO).

Examples of Sapiens’ primary competitors are:

(cid:120) Global software providers with their own IP;
(cid:120)

(cid:120)

Local/domestic  software  vendors  with  their  own  IP,  operating  in  a  designated  geographic  market  and/or  within  a  designated  segment  of  the
insurance industry;
BPO  providers  who  offer  end-to-end outsourcing of  insurance  carriers business, including  core software administration (although  BPO  providers
want to buy comprehensive software platforms to serve as part of the BPO proposition from vendors and may seek to purchase Sapiens’ solutions 
for this purpose); and

48

(cid:120)

Internal IT departments, who often prefer to develop solutions in-house.

With  respect  to  Sapiens  DECISION,  we  believe  that  Sapiens  is  a  considered  a  pioneer  in  this  innovative,  disruptive  market  landscape.  Since  the

introduction of Sapiens innovative approach to enterprise architecture to the market, Sapiens has identified only a small number of potential competitors.

With respect to Magic xpa, Magic Software competes in the application platform, SOA architecture and enterprise mobility markets. Among its current
competitors are Kony, IBM, Microsoft, Adobe, Oracle, SAP Sybase and Antenna Software/Pegasystems. With respect to Magic xpi, Magic Software competes in
the integration platform market. Among its current competitors are IBM, Informatica, TIBCO, and Software AG.

There are several similar products in the market utilizing the model driven architecture, or MDA, approach utilized by Magic Software’s AppBuilder. 
The market for this type of platform is highly competitive. Companies such as CA and IBM have tools that compete directly with AppBuilder. Furthermore, new
development paradigms have become very popular in IT software development and developers today have many alternatives.

The  telecom  BSS  domain  in  which  Magic  Software  operates  through  its  wholly  owned  FTS  subsidiary  is  a  highly  competitive  market  in  which  FTS
competes  based  on  product  quality,  service  quality,  timeliness  in  delivery  and  pricing.  Within  the  global  billing,  charging  and  policy  control  market,  FTS
principally  competes  against  global  IT  providers  and  the  in-house  IT  departments  of  telecommunications  operators.  Among  the  competitors  focused  on  this
market are Amdocs, Ericsson, Comverse, NetCracker Technology, CSG Systems, Redknee Solutions and Oracle Communications.

There are also a number of smaller or regional telecom BSS competitors who compete on a regional or domestic market level. These tend to be smaller

players, and may include companies such as Comarch, Mind CTI, Tecnotree, Cerillion, Openet and Elitcore, among others.

Seasonality

Even though not reflected in our financial results, traditionally, the first and third quarters of the fiscal year have tended to be slower quarters for some of
our subsidiaries and our affiliated companies and the industries in which they operate. The first quarter usually reflects a decline following a highly active fourth
quarter during which companies seek to complete transactions and projects and utilize budgets before the end of the fiscal year. The relatively slower third quarter
reflects reduced activities during the summer months in many of the regions where our customers are located. In addition, our quarterly results are also influenced
by the number of working days in each period. In Israel, for example, during the Jewish holidays period (typically at the end of the third quarter and beginning of
the fourth quarter or at the end of the first quarter and beginning of the second quarter), when the number of working days is lower, we tend to see a decrease in
our revenues which may impact our quarterly results. In 2015, the second and third quarters were negatively impacted by the reduced billable hours as a result of
the Jewish holiday periods while the fourth quarter was significantly stronger. In 2016, we expect seasonality due to the Jewish holiday periods to impact the
second and fourth quarters.

Raw Materials

Generally we are not dependent on raw materials or on a single source of supply. We manage our inventory according to project requirements. In some projects,
specific major subcontractors are designated by the customer. Raw materials used by us are generally available from a range of suppliers internationally, and the
prices of such materials are generally not subject to significant volatility.

49

Software Development

The  software  industry  is  generally  characterized  by  rapid  technological  developments,  evolving  industry  standards  and  customer  requirements,  and
frequent innovations. In order to maintain technological leadership, we engage in ongoing software development activity through our subsidiaries and affiliated
companies,  aimed  both  at  introducing  new  commercially  viable  products  addressing  the  needs  of  our  customers  on  a  timely  basis,  as  well  as  enhancing  and
customizing  existing  products  and  services.  This  effort  includes  introducing  new  supported  programming  languages  and  database  management  systems;
improving functionality and flexibility; and enhancing ease of use. We work closely with current and potential end-users, our strategic partners and leaders in
certain industry segments to identify market needs and define appropriate product enhancements and specifications.

Intellectual Property Rights

Sapiens  holds  one  patent  and  one  patent  application  relating  to  decision  management  technology  used  in  the  Sapiens  Decision  solution.  We  do  not
otherwise hold any patents and rely upon a combination of trade secret, copyright and trademark laws and non-disclosure agreements, to protect our proprietary 
know-how. Our proprietary technology incorporates processes, methods, algorithms and software that we believe are not easily copied. Despite these precautions,
it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. We believe that,
because of the rapid pace of technological change in the industry generally, patent and copyright protection are less significant to our competitive position than
factors such as the knowledge, ability and experience of our personnel, new product development and ongoing product maintenance and support.

With respect to our defense sector activities, The IMOD usually retains specific rights to technologies and inventions resulting from our performance
under Israeli government contracts. This generally includes the right to disclose the information to third parties, including other defense contractors that may be
our  competitors.  Consistent  with  common  practice  in  the  defense  industry,  a  majority  of  TSG’s  revenues  in  2015  was  dependent  on  products  incorporating 
technology that a government customer may disclose to third parties. When the Israeli government funds research and development, it usually acquires rights to
data and inventions. We often may retain a non-exclusive license for such inventions. The Israeli government usually is entitled to receive royalties on export
sales in relation to sales resulting from government financed development. However, if only the product is purchased without development effort, we normally
retain the principal rights to the technology. Subject to applicable law, regulations and contract requirements, TSG attempts to maintain its intellectual property
rights and provide customers with the right to use the technology only for the specific project under contract.

Regulatory Impact

The global financial services industry served by both Sapiens and Matrix is heavily subject to government and market regulation, which is constantly
changing. Financial services companies must comply with regulations such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Solvency II, Retail Distribution Review (known as RDR)
in the United Kingdom, the Dodd-Frank Act and other directives regarding transparency. In addition, many individual countries have increased supervision over
local  financial  services  companies.  For  example,  in  Europe,  regulators  have  been  very  active,  motivated  by  past  financial  crises  and  the  need  for  pension
restructuring. Distribution of insurance policies is being optimized with the increasing use of Bank Assurance (selling of insurance through a bank’s established 
distribution channels), supermarkets and kiosks (insurance stands). Increased activity such as that in Europe would generally tend to have a positive impact on the
demand for our software solutions and services; nevertheless, insurers are cautiously approaching spending increases, and while many companies have not taken
proactive steps  to  replace their  software  solutions  in  recent years,  many  of  them  are  now looking  for  innovative,  modern  replacements to  meet  the  regulatory
changes.

Matrix’s  IT  business  is  generally  positively  affected  by  regulatory  reform  and  other  regulatory  changes  with  respect  to  banking,  insurance  and
telecommunications in Israel, as such reforms and changes create demand for specific IT solutions, often in a set, short time frame. In particular, regulation on
large financial institutions operating in the Israeli financial market is continuously increasing, as a means of reducing the risk associated with the activities of such
financial institutions and increasing transparency. Israeli legislation passed in 2010 and 2011 increased the Israeli Securities Authority’s regulatory supervision 
over the offering of investment services and the ongoing administration of investment portfolios. This increased the demand for Matrix’s solutions for entities that 
became  subject  to  such  supervision.  Banks’ entry  into  the  sphere  of  offering  advice  with  respect  to  pension,  insurance  and  other  financial  products  has  also
generated demand for Matrix’s IT solutions, given the increased supervision of the Israeli Securities Authority that is triggered by such activities, although the
pace at which such demand has grown has been relatively slower. Enhanced disclosure requirements for banks and financial institutions in the Israeli market such
as the new adjustments published  with respect to the required capital liquidity of Banks in Israel following the Basel III guidelines have also been generating
demand for new IT solutions that Matrix offers. Matrix’s business is also affected by changes in regulations of the US Securities and Exchange Commission, the
Financial  Industry  Regulatory  Authority,  the  Commodity  Futures  Trading  Commission,  the  National  Futures  Association,  the  Federal  Energy  Regulatory
Commission, with respect to requirements relating to Know Your Customer, Customer Identification Programs, Anti-Money Laundering and Fraud Prevention.

50

With  respect  to  our  defense  sector  activities,  we  operate  under  laws,  regulations  and  administrative  rules  governing  defense  and  other  government
contracts, mainly in Israel. Some of these carry major penalty provisions for non-compliance, including disqualification from participating in future contracts. In
addition, our participation in governmental procurement processes in Israel, the United States and other countries is subject to specific regulations governing the
conduct of the process of procuring defense and homeland security contracts.

Israeli Export Regulations. Israel’s defense export policy regulates the sale of a number of our systems and products. Current Israeli policy encourages
exports to approved customers of defense systems and products such as ours, as long as the export is consistent with Israeli government policy. Subject to certain
exemptions,  a  license  is  required  to  initiate  marketing  activities.  We  also  must  receive  a  specific  export  license  for  defense  related  hardware,  software  and
technology exported from Israel. Israeli law also regulates export of “dual use” items (items that are typically sold in the commercial market but that also may be
used in the defense market).

Procurement  Regulations.  Solicitations  for  procurements  by  governmental  purchasing  agencies  in  Israel,  the  United  States  and  other  countries  are
governed by laws, regulations and procedures relating to procurement integrity, including avoiding conflicts of interest, corruption, human trafficking and conflict
minerals in the procurement process. Such regulations also include provisions relating to information assurance and for the avoidance of counterfeit parts in the
supply chain.

Civil  Aviation  Regulations.  Several  of  the  products  sold  by  TSG  for  commercial  aviation  applications  are  subject  to  flight  safety  and  airworthiness

standards of the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and similar civil aviation authorities in Israel, Europe and other countries.

51

Buy-Back.  As  part  of  their  standard  contractual  requirements  for  defense  programs,  several  of  our  customers  may  include  “buy-back” or  “offset”
provisions. These provisions are typically obligations to make, or to facilitate third parties to make, various specified transactions in the customer’s country, such 
as procurement of defense and commercial related products, investment in the local economy and transfer of know-how.

Magic Software’s business has not been impacted to a material extent by government regulations.

C.

Organizational Structure

Formula is the parent company of the Formula Group.

The following table presents certain information regarding the control and ownership of our directly held investments in subsidiaries and affiliates, as of

April 30, 2016.

Subsidiaries and affiliates
Matrix IT Ltd.

Sapiens International Corporation N.V.

InSync Staffing Solutions, Inc.

Magic Software Enterprises Ltd.

TSG IT Advanced Systems Ltd.

Country of Incorporation
Israel

Curaçao

Delaware

Israel

Israel

Percentage
of Ownership 

50.04%

48.96%(1)

90.09%

47.27%

50.00%

(1) Formula has received a proxy from the Chief Executive Officer of Sapiens with respect to his common shares of Sapiens, which results in Formula

having voting control over 50.6% of Sapiens common shares.

The common shares of Sapiens and the ordinary shares of Magic Software are traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market and the NASDAQ Global Select

Market and on, respectively and on the TASE, and the ordinary shares of Matrix are traded on the TASE.

D.

Property, Plants and Equipment

Our corporate headquarters, as well as the headquarters and principal administrative, finance, sales, marketing and research and development office of
Magic Software, are located in Or-Yehuda, Israel, a suburb of Tel Aviv. Magic Software leases its and our office space, constituting approximately 23,841 square
feet, under a lease which expires  in December  2016.  Magic Software has an option to terminate the  lease  agreement  upon six  months  prior  written notice.  In
addition, Magic Software leases office space in the United States, Europe, Asia and South Africa. In 2015, Magic Software rent costs totaled $2.0 million, in the
aggregate, for all of its leased offices.

Matrix leases approximately 516,000 square feet of office space in Israel pursuant to leases which expiring primarily in three to four years. This includes
Matrix’s facility in  Herzliya,  which  serves  as Matrix’s  corporate headquarters. In  addition, Matrix leases an  aggregate of approximately 61,300  square feet  of
office space in locations outside of Israel. In the year ended December 31, 2015, Matrix rent costs totaled $16.2  million, in the aggregate, for all of its leased
offices.

Sapiens leases office spaces in Israel, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Belgium and Japan. The lease terms for the spaces that Sapiens
currently occupies are generally five to eleven years. In Israel, based on Sapiens current occupancy, they lease approximately 135,200 square feet of office space;
in the United States, approximately 9,100 square feet; in Canada, approximately 1,400 square feet; in the United Kingdom, approximately 17,700 square feet, in
Belgium, approximately 2,100 square feet, in Japan, approximately 4,400 square feet, in India, approximately 21,800 square feet and in Poland, approximately
21,400 square feet. In 2015, Sapiens rent costs totaled $4.4 million, in the aggregate, for all of its leased offices. Sapiens corporate headquarters are located in
Israel and its core research and development activities are performed at its offices across Israel. The lease at Sapiens headquarters in Holon, Israel is for an initial
term ending in nine years and Sapiens holds an option to extend the term for additional five years.

52

We believe that our properties are adequate for our present use of them. If in the future we require additional space to accommodate our growth, we

believe that we will be able to obtain such additional space without difficulty and at commercially reasonable prices.

As  described  in  “Subsidiary  Commitments” in  Item  5.B  below,  while  our  subsidiaries  and  our  affiliated  companies  have  incurred  liens  on  leased
vehicles, leased equipment and other assets in favor of leasing companies, neither Formula nor any subsidiary has encumbered the real property that it uses in its
operations.

We furthermore believe that there are no environmental issues that encumber our use of our facilities.

ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.

OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

Overview

Formula is a global IT solutions and services holding company that is principally engaged through its directly held subsidiary and affiliated companies in
providing  proprietary  and  non-proprietary  software  solutions  and  services,  software  product  marketing  and  support,  computer  infrastructure  and  integration
solutions and learning and integration.

Since our inception, we have acquired effective controlling interests, and have invested, in companies which are engaged in the IT solutions and services

business. We, together with our subsidiaries and affiliates, are known as the Formula Group.

As of December 31, 2015, we held a controlling interest in Matrix and InSync and a 49.1% interest in Sapiens and a 46.4% interest in Magic Software
through our equity holdings. As of December 31, 2015, we had the right to appoint a majority of the board of directors of Matrix and InSync through our equity
holdings. We provide our subsidiaries and our affiliated companies with our management, technical expertise and marketing experience to help them to penetrate
their respective markets.

We consolidate the results of operations of our subsidiaries in which we hold a controlling interest. In the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and
2015, we consolidated the results of Matrix. In the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, excluding from November 19, 2013 until December 23, 2014
and from October 1, 2015 through December 31, 2015, for which periods Sapiens' results of operations were reflected in our results of operations using the equity
method of accounting, we consolidated the results of Sapiens. We consolidated the results of operations of InSync following our acquisition of InSync on April 1,
2014.  In  the  years  ended  December  31,  2013  and  for  the  period  beginning  on  January  1,  2014  through  March  5,  2014,  we  consolidated  the  results  of  Magic
Software. Thereafter, Magic Software’s results of operations were reflected in our results of operations using the equity method of accounting.

Except  for  providing  our  subsidiaries  and  our  affiliated  companies  with  our  management,  technical  expertise  and  marketing  experience  to  help  them
penetrate their respective markets, direct the overall strategy of our subsidiaries and affiliated companies and monitor the growth of our subsidiaries and affiliated
companies through  our active  involvement,  we do  not  conduct independent operations at our  parent company  level. Our  operating  results  are, and have  been,
directly  influenced  by  the  consolidation  and  cessation  of  consolidation  of  our  subsidiaries,  which  could  cause  significant  fluctuations  in  our  consolidated
operating results. Consequently, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations are not necessarily meaningful and you should not rely
on these comparisons as indications of our future performance.

53

We recognize revenues in two categories: the delivery of software services and the delivery of proprietary software solutions and related services. All of
our subsidiaries, including IT services companies and proprietary software solutions companies, recognize revenues from the delivery of software services, and
most of them recognize revenues in both revenue categories. For ease of reference, we have separated our subsidiaries into these categories in accordance with the
category in which each subsidiary has earned most of its revenues (although each type of revenue is nevertheless recorded according to actual revenue type, rather
than based on strict, subsidiary-demarcated categories).

Our functional and reporting currency

The currency of the primary economic environment in which we operate is the dollar since most of our assets are denominated in dollars. The functional

currencies of our subsidiaries are the NIS and the dollar. Formula has elected to use the dollar as its reporting currency for all years presented.

Formula translates the financial statements of its subsidiary whose functional currency is the local currency into dollars under the principles described in
ASC 830. Assets and liabilities have been translated at period-end exchange rates.  Results of operations have been translated at the exchange rate at the dates on
which those transactions occurred or at an average rate. We present differences resulting from translation under shareholders’ equity in the item “Accumulating 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)”. In the consolidation, Formula presents the financial statements of subsidiaries whose functional currency is the dollar at
the original amounts.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been
prepared  in accordance  with  U.S. GAAP.  The  preparation  of our  financial  statements required  us  to make  estimations  and judgments  that  affect  the  reporting
amounts  of assets, liabilities,  revenues and  expenses  and related  disclosure  of  contingent  assets and  liabilities within the reporting  period.  We have based  our
estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis
of making judgments about the values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates
under different assumptions or conditions. More detailed descriptions of these policies are provided in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements contained
elsewhere in this annual report.

The  significant  accounting  policies  which  we  believe  are  the  most  critical  to  aid  in  fully  understanding  and  evaluating  our  reported  financial  results

include the following:

Revenue Recognition

We  derive  our  revenues  primarily  from  the  sale  of  information  technology  (or  “IT”)  services  which  also  include:  non-proprietary  software  products, 
including maintenance, integration and infrastructure, outsourcing, training and deployment. In addition, we generate revenues from licensing the rights to use our
proprietary software, provision of related IT professional services (which may or may not be considered essential to the functionality of the software license),
related maintenance and technical support, as well as implementation and post-implementation consulting services.

Revenues  from  IT  services  are  generally  recognized  in  accordance  with  ASC  605,  "Revenue  Recognition"  and  Staff  Accounting  Bulletin  No.  104,
"Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements" when IT service is provided and the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence  of an  arrangement exists,
delivery of the product has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is probable. We generally consider all arrangements with payment terms
extending  beyond  minimum  six  or  maximum  twelve  months  from  the  delivery  of  the  elements  not  to  be  fixed  or  determinable.  If  the  fee  is  not  fixed  or
determinable, revenue is recognized as payments become due from the customer, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Revenues from the sale of products are recognized after all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products have been transferred to the
buyer, we do not retain any continuing management involvement that is associated with ownership and do not retain the effective control of the sold products, the
amount of revenues can be measured reliably, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to us and the costs incurred or to
be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

Revenues derived from the sale of hardware products and infrastructure solutions are recognized after all the significant risks and rewards of ownership
of the products have been transferred to the buyer, we do not retain any continuing management involvement that is associated with ownership and do not retain
the  effective  control  of  the  sold  products,  the  amount  of  revenues  can  be  measured  reliably,  it  is  probable  that  the  economic  benefits  associated  with  the
transaction will flow to us and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

54

Revenues  derived  from  licensing  the  rights  to  use  software  are  recognized  in  accordance  with  ASC  985-605  "Software  Revenue  Recognition"  when
persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the vendor's fee is fixed or determinable, no further obligation exists and collectability is
probable.

Maintenance and support includes annual maintenance contracts providing for unspecified upgrades for new versions and enhancements on a when-and-
if-available basis for an annual fee. The right for an unspecified upgrade for new versions and enhancements on a when-and-if-available basis does not specify the
features, functionality and release date of future product enhancements for the customer to know what will be made available and the general timeframe in which
it will be delivered.

Maintenance  and  support  revenue  included  in  multiple  element  arrangements  is  deferred  and  recognized  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  term  of  the 

maintenance and support agreement.

As  required by  ASC 985-605,  we  allocate  revenues  to  the  software  component of  its multiple-element  arrangements using  the  residual  method  when 
vendor specific objective evidence ("VSOE") of fair value exists for the undelivered elements of the support and maintenance agreements. VSOE is based on the
price charged when an element is sold separately or renewed. Under the residual method, the fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining
portion of the arrangement fee is allocated to the delivered elements and recognized as revenue.

Revenues from professional services provided on an hourly basis which are not deemed essential to the functionality of the licenses are recognized as the
services are rendered. Revenues from time-and-materials contracts for which we are reimbursed for labor hours at fixed hourly billing rates are recognized as
revenues as the services are provided.

Certain of the software license sales may also include significant implementation and customization services with respect to such sales which are deemed
essential to the functionality of the license. In addition, we also provide consulting services that are not deemed essential to the functionality of the license, as well
as outsourcing IT services.

With respect to revenues that involve significant implementation and customization services to customer specific requirements and which are considered
essential to the functionality of the product offered (for example, when we sell software licenses as part of an overall solution offered to a customer that combines
the sale of software licenses which includes significant implementation that is considered essential to the functionality of the license) whether generated by fixed-
price  or  time-and-materials  contracts,  we  account  for  revenues  for  the  services  together  with  the  software  under  contract,  using  the  percentage-of-completion 
method in accordance with ASC 605-35, "Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts". The percentage-of-completion method is used when the required
services are quantifiable, based on the estimated number of labor hours necessary to complete the project, and under that method revenues are recognized using
labor hours incurred as the measure of progress towards completion. This type of revenue is included in our Proprietary software products and related services
and software services revenue streams.

Estimates of total project requirements are based on prior experience of customization, delivery and acceptance of the same or similar technology, and
are  reviewed  and  updated  regularly  by  management.  After  delivery,  if  uncertainty  exists  about  customer  acceptance  of  the  software,  license  revenue  is  not
recognized until acceptance. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are first determined, in the
amount of the estimated loss on the entire contract. As of each of December 31, 2014 and 2015, no estimated losses were identified.

Revenue from third-party sales is recorded at a gross or net amount according to certain indicators. The application of these indicators for gross and net

reporting of revenue depends on the relative facts and circumstances of each sale and requires significant judgment.

55

We generally do not grant a right of return to our customers. When a right of return exists, revenue is deferred until the right of return expires, at which

time revenue is recognized, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria are met.

Deferred  revenue  includes  unearned  amounts  received  under  maintenance  and  support  contracts  and  amounts  received  from  customers  but  not  yet

recognized as revenues.

Software Development Costs

Research  and  development  costs  incurred  in  the  process  of  software  development  before  establishment  of  technological  feasibility  are  charged  to
expenses as incurred. Costs incurred subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility are capitalized according to the principles set forth in ASC 985-
20, "Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased or Marketed."

We establish technological feasibility upon completion of a detailed program design or working model.

Research and development costs incurred between completion of the detailed program design and the point at which the product is ready for general
release  are  capitalized.  Research  and  development  costs  incurred  in  the  process  of  developing  product  enhancements  are  generally  charged  to  expenses  as
incurred.

Capitalized software costs are amortized on a product by product basis by the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software product 

(between 3-7 years). We assess the recoverability of our intangible assets on a regular basis by determining whether the amortization of the asset over its 
remaining economical useful life can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows from the specific software product sold. During the years 
ended December 31, 2013 2014 and 2015, no  unrecoverable amounts were identified.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents  the excess of  the purchase  price  in  a  business combination over the fair value  of the  net tangible  and intangible  assets  acquired.
Under  ASC  350,  "Intangibles-Goodwill  and  Other,"  goodwill  is  subject  to  an  annual  impairment  test  or  more  frequently  if  impairment  indicators  are  present.
Goodwill impairment is deemed to exist if the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value (the two-step impairment test).

As of December 31, 2015, and following the deconsolidation of Sapiens on November 19, 2013 until December 23, 2014 and on September 30, 2015,
the deconsolidation of Magic on March 5, 2014 and the consolidation of Insync on April 1, 2014, we operated through 6 reporting units. As of December 31,
2014, we operated through 9 reporting units.

We performed an annual impairment tests as of December 31 of each of 2013, 2014 and 2015 and did not identify  any impairment losses for any of our

reporting units.

In 2014, since we have consolidated Sapiens on December 23, 2014, no impairment test was required. As of December 31, 2015, Sapiens was accounted

for under the equity method.

Magic operates in two reporting units. We adopted the provisions of ASC 350, as amended, for Magic's reporting units, for its annual impairment test in
2013.  This  analysis  determined  that  no  indicators  of  impairment  existed  primarily  because  (1)  Magic's  market  capitalization  was  consistently  substantially  in
excess of its book value, (2) the reporting units’ overall financial performance has been stable or improving, and (3) forecasts of operating income and cash flows
generated by the reporting units' appear sufficient to support the book values of the net assets of each reporting unit.

As of December 31, 2014 and 2015, Magic was accounted for under the equity method.

56

Matrix operates in five reporting units. In 2013, 2014 and 2015, we performed step one of the quantitative impairment test for each of Matrix's reporting
units. We compared the fair value of the reporting units to the carrying value of net assets allocated to each of the reporting units. Since the fair value of each of
the reporting units exceed the carrying value of the net assets allocated, to each of the reporting units, no further testing was required and no goodwill impairment
was recorded.

Impairment in Value of Long-Lived Assets and Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization

Our  long-lived  assets  are  reviewed  for  impairment  in  accordance  with  ASC  360,  "Property,  Plant  and  Equipment"  whenever  events  or  changes  in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset to be held and used is measured by a comparison of
the  carrying  amount  of  the  asset  to  the  future  undiscounted  cash  flows  expected  to  be  generated  by  the  asset.  If  such  asset  is  considered  to  be  impaired,  the
impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.

As required by ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements and disclosures" we apply assumptions that marketplace participants would consider in determining

the fair value of long-lived assets (or asset groups). During each of the years ended December 31, 2032, 2014 and 2015, no impairment was identified.

Business Combinations

We account for business combinations under ASC 805, "Business Combinations." ASC 805 requires recognition of assets acquired, liabilities assumed,
non-controlling interest and redeemable non-controlling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date, measured at their fair values as of that date. As required by
ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements and disclosures" we apply assumptions that marketplace participants would consider in determining the fair value of assets
acquired, liabilities assumed, non-controlling interest and redeemable non-controlling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date. Any excess of the fair value
of net assets acquired over purchase price and any subsequent changes in estimated contingencies are to be recorded in earnings.

Income Taxes

We, our subsidiaries and our affiliates account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” This codification prescribes the use of
the “asset and liability” method, whereby deferred tax assets and liability account balances are determined based on the differences between financial reporting
and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. We,
our subsidiaries and our affiliates provide a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to their estimated realizable value.

We, our subsidiaries and our affiliates utilize a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions accounted for in accordance
with an amendment of ASC 740 “Income Taxes.” The first step, is to evaluate a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining whether
the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that, based on its technical merits, the tax position will be sustained on audit, including
resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% (commutative
basis)  likely  to  be  realized  upon  ultimate  settlement  with  the  tax  authorities.  We  accrued  interest  and  penalties  related  to  unrecognized  tax  benefits  in  its
provisions for income taxes.

Investments in affiliates

Affiliates  are  companies  in  which  we  have  significant  influence  over  the  financial  and  operating  policies  without  having  control  and  that  are  not

subsidiaries. Our investment therein is accounted for in our consolidated financial statements using the equity method.

Under  the  equity  method,  the  investment  in  an  affiliate  is  presented  at  cost  with  the  addition  of  post-acquisition  changes  in  our  share  of  net  assets,
including other comprehensive income of the affiliate. Profits and losses resulting from transactions between us and our affiliates are eliminated to the extent of
the interest in the affiliate. The equity method is applied until the loss of significant influence or classification as an asset held-for-sale.

57

We evaluate investments in equity investees, for evidence of other-than-temporary declines in value. Such evaluation is dependent on the specific facts
and  circumstances. Accordingly,  in  determining whether  other-than-temporary  declines  exist,  we evaluate various  indicators  for other-than-temporary declines 
and evaluate financial information (e.g. share price in the market, budgets, business plans, financial statements, etc.).

As of December 31, 2015, the carrying amount of our investment in Magic Software exceeded its traded shares market value. In order to demonstrate
that other-than-temporary impairment of the investee has not occurred, we considered the financial condition and near-term prospects of Magic Software as well
as our intent and ability to retain our investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. In addition, we used the
income  approach,  which  utilizes  a  discounted  cash  flow  model,  to  determine  the  fair  value  of  Magic  Software,  based  on  which  Magic  Software's  fair  value
exceeded its carrying amount by 11%, therefore, during 2015, no impairment loss was recognized.

Judgments  and  assumptions  related  to  revenue,  operating  income,  future  short-term  and  long-term  growth  rates,  weighted  average  cost  of  capital, 
interest, capital expenditures, cash flows, and market conditions are inherent in developing the discounted cash flow model. With respect to the assumptions used,
management believes that reasonably possible changes in the key assumptions would not change our conclusion.

Our financial statements and the financial statements of our affiliates are prepared as of the same dates and periods. The accounting policies applied in

the financial statements our affiliates are uniform and consistent with the policies applied in our financial statements.

Losses of an affiliate in amounts which exceed its equity are recognized by Formula to the extent of its investment in the affiliate plus any losses that
Formula may incur as a result of a guarantee or other financial support provided in respect of the affiliate. For this purpose, the investment includes long-term 
receivables (such as loans granted) for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements 

In  February  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-02,  “Leases” (Topic  842),  whereby,  lessees  will  be  required  to  recognize  for  all  leases  at  the
commencement date a lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and a right-of-
use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the new guidance, lessor
accounting  is  largely  unchanged.  A  modified  retrospective  transition  approach  for  leases  existing  at,  or  entered  into  after,  the  beginning  of  the  earliest
comparative period presented in the financial statements must be applied. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for
leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Companies may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. ASU 2016-02 is effective 
for  annual  and  interim  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2018.  Early  application  is  permitted.  The  company  is  evaluating  the  potential  impact  of  this
pronouncement.

In  November  2015,  the  FASB  issued  Accounting  Standards  Update  2015-17  (ASU  2015-17)  Balance  Sheet  Classification  of  Deferred  Taxes,  which 
requires that deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities be classified as noncurrent in the balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 is effective for the interim and annual
periods ending after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted, and the Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2015-17 retrospectively as of December
31, 2015. As a result of the retrospective application, the Company reclassified on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2014 an amount of $ 5,164
of deferred tax assets from the current assets to the long-term assets as part of the Long term deferred tax asset and amount of $ 1,375 of deferred tax liabilities
from the current liabilities to the long-term liabilities as part of the Long term deferred tax liability.

On May 28, 2014, the FASB completed its Revenue Recognition project by issuing ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 
606). The new guidance establishes the principles to report useful information to users of financial statements about the nature, timing, and uncertainty of revenue
from contracts with customers. The new Revenue Recognition guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including
interim periods within that reporting period, though early adoption is permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is
currently evaluating the method of adoption, as well as the effect that adoption of this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

58

A.

Operating Results

Year Ended December 31, 2015 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2014

The following tables set forth certain data from our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, as well as such data as a
percentage of our revenues for those years. The data has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.
The operating results for the below years should not be considered indicative of results for any future period. This information should be read in conjunction with
the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this annual report.

Sapiens results of operations reflect for 2014, the period starting on December 23, 2014, the date on which Formula regained its controlling interest in
Sapiens. Magic Software’s results of operations for 2014 reflect Magic Software’s results of operations for the period beginning on January 1, 2014 and ending
on March 5, 2014, the date on which Formula’s interest in Magic Software decreased below 50%, resulting in the deconsolidation of Magic Software’s results.

Statement of Income Data
(U.S. dollars, in thousands)

Revenues
Cost of revenues
Gross profit
Operating expenses:

Research and development costs, net
Selling, marketing, general and administrative expenses
Other expenses (income), net

Total operating expenses
Operating income
Financial expenses, net
Income before taxes on income
Taxes on income
Equity in gains of affiliated companies, net
Net income
Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income attributable to Formula’s shareholders

Statement of Income Data as a Percentage of Revenues

Revenues
Cost of revenues
Gross profit
Operating expenses:

Research and development, net
Selling, marketing, general and administrative
Other expenses (income), net

Total operating expenses
Operating income
Financial expenses, net
Income before taxes on income
Taxes on income
Equity in gains of affiliated companies, net
Net income
Change in redeemable non-controlling interests
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income attributable to Formula’s shareholders

59

Year ended 
December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

$

636,417
530,083
106,334

787
70,517
(5)
71,299
35,035
4,866
30,169
10,074
74,590
94,685
154
13,698
80,833

$

750,555
601,749
148,806

7,488
94,722
2
102,212
46,594
8,254
38,340
10,988
65,096
92,488
255
18,488
73,705

Year ended 
December 31,

2014

2015

100.0%
83.3%
16.7%

0.1%
11.1%
(0.0)%
11.2%
5.5%
0.7%
4.8%
1.6%
11.7%
14.9%
0.0%
2.2%
12.7%

100%
80.2%
19.8%

1.0%
12.6%
(0.0)%
13.6%
6.2%
1.1%
5.1%
1.5%
8.7%
12.3%
0.0%
2.5%
9.8%

Revenues.  Revenues  in  2015  increased  by  18%,  from  $  636.4  million  in  2014  to  $  750.6  million  in  2015.  Revenues  from  the  two  categories  of  our 
operations were as follows: revenues from the delivery of software services decreased by (1.8%), from $ 625.3 million in 2014 to $ 614.0 million in 2015, and
revenues from the sale of our proprietary software products and related services increased by 1,127%, from $ 11.1 million in 2014 to $ 136.6 million in 2015. Our
comparable pro-forma revenues, had Magic's and Sapiens' results of operations been consolidated for all of the years 2014 and 2015, would have totaled $ 971.5
million in 2015, compared to $ 930.8 million in 2014, reflecting a year over year increase of 4.3%.

The  decrease  in  software  services  revenues  was  primarily  due  to  the  growth  in  Matrix's  revenues,  from  NIS  2,100.5  million  (approximately  $  586.6
million) in 2014 to NIS 2,280.1 million (approximately $ 586.6 million ) in 2015, reflecting an increase of 8.6% when measured in NIS, Matrix local currency
(compared  to  reflecting  no  change  when  measured  in  US  dollars  due  to  the  devaluation  of  the  NIS  versus  the  US  Dollar)  offset  by  $  93.0  million  due  to
devaluation  of  the  NIS  versus  the  US  Dollar.  The  increase  in  Matrix’s  revenues  was  due  to  an  increase  in  all  Matrix  principal  areas  of  operations  excluding
learning and integration but primarily attributable to an increase of 39.7% in Matrix’s US software solutions and services business unit from NIS 193.3 million
(approximately  $  54.0  million)  to  NIS  270.0  million  (approximately  $  69.5  million)  and  increases  of  4.6%  in  Matrix’s  Israel  software  solutions  and  services
business from NIS 1,332.7 million (approximately $ 372.2 million) to NIS 1,394.3 million (approximately $ 358.7 million).

The increase in revenues from proprietary software products and related services was primarily due to the reconsolidation of Sapiens and the inclusion of

nine months of revenues of Sapiens in 2015 compared to 2014 where no revenues from Sapiens were recorded.

A  breakdown  of  our  overall  revenues  into  proprietary  software  products  and  related  services  and  software  services  revenues  for  the  years  ended
December  31,  2014  and  2015,  the  percentage  those  respective  categories  of  revenues  constituted  out  of  our  total  revenues  in  those  years,  and  the  percentage
change for each such category of revenues from 2014 to 2015, are provided in the below table:

Year ended 
December 31, 2014

Revenues

Percentage

Year-over-
year
change
($ in thousands)

Year ended 
December 31, 2015

Revenues

Percentage

Revenue category
Proprietary software products and related services
Software services
Total

$

$

11,131
625,286
636,417

1.75%
98.25%
100%

125,446
(11,308)
114,138

136,577
613,978
750,555

18.2%
81.8%
100%

60

Revenues by geographical region

The dollar amount and percentage share of our revenues attributable to each of the geographical regions in which we conduct our operations for the years

ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively, as well as the percentage change between such years, were as follows:

Geographical region
Israel
International
United States
Europe
Other
Total

Year ended
December 31, 2014

Revenues

Percentage

Year-over-
year
change
($ in thousands)

Year ended
December 31, 2015

Revenues

Percentage

$

$

531,193

87,270
14,576
3,378
636,417

83.5%

13.7%
2.3%
0.5%
100%

(3,565) $

527,628

57,219
48,771
11,713
114,138

$

144,489
63,347
15,091
750,555

70.3%

19.3%
8.4%
2.0%
100%

Cost  of  Revenues.  Cost  of  revenues  consists  primarily  of  wages,  personnel  expenses,  other  personnel-related  expenses  of  software  consultants,
subcontractors and engineers, amortization of capitalized software, and hardware and other materials costs. Cost of revenues increased by 13.5% from $ 530.1
million in 2014 to $ 601.8 million in 2015, mainly due to (i) the reconsolidation of Sapiens’ results of operations to our consolidated results of operations as of 
December 23, 2014, prior to which we did not consolidate the results of operations of Sapiens during 2014 and (ii) the accompanying increase in revenues in
2015 which was offset due to the devaluation of the NIS versus the US dollar impacting the consolidated results of Matrix. As a percentage of total revenues,
costs of revenues in 2014 and 2015 were 83.3% and 80.2%, respectively.

Our proprietary software solutions and related services sales are generally characterized by a higher gross margin than sales of our software services. The
cost  of  revenues  for  proprietary  software  solutions  and  related  services  increased  from  $  4.1  million  in  2014  to  $  81.5  million  in  2015,  mainly  due  to  the
reconsolidation of Sapiens’ results of operations to our consolidated results of operations as of December 23, 2014, prior to which we did not consolidate the
results  of  operations  of  Sapiens  during  2014.  As  a  percentage  of  revenues,  costs  of  revenues  for  software  solutions  and  related  services  in  2014  and  2015
increased from 36.4% in 2014 to 59.6% in 2015 due consolidation of Sapiens.

The cost of revenues for software services decreased from $ 526.0 million in 2014 to $ 520.3 million in 2015, mainly due to the devaluation of the NIS
versus the US dollar which devalued the increase recorded in Matrix revenues and cost of sales when measured in NIS, Matrix local currency. As a percentage of
revenues, costs of revenues for software services in 2014 and 2015 remained relatively consistent at 84.1% in 2014 compared to 84.7% in 2015. 

Cost of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 include insignificant amounts of stock-based compensation recorded under ASC 718.

Research and Development Costs, net. Research and development, or R&D, expenses consist primarily of wages and related expenses and, to a lesser
degree, consulting fees that we pay to employees and independent contractors, respectively, engaged in research and development.  Research and development
expenses, net, consist of research and development expenses, gross, less capitalized software costs.  Research and development expenses, gross, increased from $
1.5 million in 2014 to $ 11.9 million in 2015, mainly due to the reconsolidation of Sapiens’ results of operations as of December 23, 2014 through September 30,
2015 which was offset due to the minimal research and development costs of Magic which were recorded over the period Magic was consolidated in 2014.

61

In  2015,  we  capitalized  software  costs  of  $  4.4  million,  compared  to  $  0.7  million  in  2014.  Capitalization  of  software  costs  in  2014  and  2015  was
attributable to our subsidiaries engaged in providing proprietary software solutions (i.e., Magic Software and Sapiens). Research and development expenses, net,
increased from $ 0.8 million in 2014 to $ 7.5 million in 2015, mainly due to the factors described above. 

As a percentage of revenues, research and development expenses, net, increased from 0.1% in 2014 to 1% in 2015. Research and development expenses,
net, in 2015 was attributable solely to Sapiens, whose consolidated research and development expenses, net amounted to approximately $ 7.5 million during the
period  in  which  we  consolidated  the  results  of  Sapiens.  Research  and  development  expenses,  net,  in  2014  was  attributable  solely  to  Magic  Software,  whose
consolidated research and development expenses, net amounted to approximately $ 0.8 million Amortization of capitalized software costs was $0.1 million in
2014 and $ 3.6 million in 2015, which amounts were included in cost of revenues. Research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2014
and 2015 include insignificant amounts of stock-based compensation recorded under ASC 718.

Selling, Marketing, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, marketing, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of cost of salaries,
severance and related expenses of sales, marketing, management and administrative employees, travel expenses, selling expenses, rent, utilities, communications
expenses,  expenses  related  to  external  consultants,  depreciation,  amortization  and  other  expenses.  Selling,  marketing,  general  and  administrative  expenses
increased from $ 70.5 million recorded in 2014 to $ 94.7 million recorded in 2015. As a percentage of revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses
increased from 11.1% in 2014 to 12.6% in 2015.

The  increase  in  the  absolute  amount  of  selling,  marketing,  general  and  administrative  expenses  was  primarily  attributable  to  the  reconsolidation  of

Sapiens’ results of operations from our consolidated results of operations beginning on December 23, 2014.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 include $ 5.0 million and $ 5.1 million, respectively, of

stock-based compensation recorded under ASC 718.

Other  Income  (expenses),  net.  We  recorded  other  income  of  ($  5,000)  in  2014,  as  compared  to  a  loss  of  $  2,000  in  other  income  in  2015,  each

representing insignificant amounts.

Operating  Income.  Our  operating  income  increased  from  $  35.0  million  in  2014  to  $  46.6  million  in  2015.  The  increase  in  operating  income  was
primarily attributable to the reconsolidation of Sapiens’ results of operations from our consolidated results of operations as of December 23, 2014 and through
September 30, 2015. Formula's comparable pro-forma operating income, had it continued to consolidate Sapiens' and Magic Software's results of operations for
all of 2014 and 2015, would have totaled $ 66.7 million in 2014 and $71.3 million in 2015, reflecting a year over year increase of 6.9%

Financial Expenses, net. Financial expenses, net increased from $ 4.9 million in 2014 to $ 8.3 million in 2015. Financial expenses, net, is influenced by
various  factors,  including  our  cash  balances,  loan  balances,  outstanding  debentures,  changes  in  market  value  of  trading  marketable  securities,  changes  in  the
exchange rate of the NIS against the dollar, changes in the exchange rate of the dollar against the Euro and changes in the Israeli consumer price index, or CPI.
The increase in financial expenses, net in 2015 was mainly attributable to Increase in exchange rate differences from of $3.3 million related mainly to Formula
standalone NIS nominated net financial debt.

Taxes on Income. Taxes on income increased from $ 10.1 million in 2014 to $ 11.0 million in 2015. The increase in taxes on income in 2015 was mainly
attributable to reconsolidation of Sapiens’ results of operations from our consolidated results of operations beginning on December 23, 2014, offset primarily by
the devaluation of the NIS versus the US dollar which devaluated the increase recorded in Matrix tax expenses when measured in NIS, Matrix local currency.

62

Equity in gains of affiliated companies net.

On November 19, 2013, Sapiens completed a follow-on public offering of its common shares. Sapiens issued 6,497,400 shares at a price of $ 6.25 per
share before issuance expenses. Total net proceeds from the issuance amounted to approximately $37.8 million. As a result of the offering, our interest in Sapiens'
outstanding common shares was decreased from 56.8% to 48.6%.

During  the  period  following  the  offering  through  December  23,  2014,  Formula  purchased  additional  Sapiens  common  shares,  bringing  its  interest  in
Sapiens  common  shares  to  50.2%  of  Sapiens  common  shares  on  December  23,  2014.  As  a  result,  Formula  regained  control  over  Sapiens  as  of such  date  and
Sapiens’ balance  sheet  was  consolidated  into  Formula’s  balance  sheet.  The  gain  recognized  in  relation  to  the  consolidation  of  Sapiens  and  the  related  re-
measurement of the investment to fair value amounted to $ 3.4 million and is presented in the income statement as equity in gains of affiliated companies, net for
the year ended December 31, 2014. On September 30, 2015, our interest in Sapiens outstanding common shares was decreased to 49.13% and we lost control of
Sapiens for accounting purposes. Our investment in Sapiens following the dilution is measured under the equity method of accounting. The net gain recognized in
relation  of  our  loss  of  control  in  Sapiens  for  accounting  purposes  amounted  to  $56.4  million  and  is  presented  in  the  income  statement  as  equity  in  gains  of
affiliated companies, net for the year ended December 31, 2015.

From November 19, 2013 until December 31, 2014 and beginning on October 1, 2015, Sapiens' results of operations were and are reflected in our results 

of operations using the equity method of accounting.

On March 5, 2014, Magic completed a follow-on public offering of its ordinary shares on the NASDAQ. Magic issued 6,900,000 shares at a price of $ 
8.50  per  share  before  issuance  expenses.  Total  net  proceeds  from  the  issuance  amounted  to  $  54.7.  As  a  result  of  the  offering,  Formula’s  interest  in  Magic’s 
outstanding ordinary shares decreased from 51.6% to 45.0%. Formula's investment in Magic following the decrease was measured under the equity method of
accounting due to loss of control in Magic for accounting purposes in accordance with ASC 810. The net gain recognized in relation of Formula’s loss of control 
in  Magic  for  accounting  purposes  and  the  related  re-measurement  of  the  investment  to  fair  value  amounted  to  $  83.5  million  and  is  presented  in  the  income
statement as equity in gains of affiliated companies, net. In addition, Formula recorded deferred tax expense of $ 16.4 million presented in the income statement
as equity in gains of affiliated companies, net.

Since March 5, 2014, Magic Software's results of operations were reflected in our results of operations using the equity method of accounting.

Our equity in gains of affiliated companies, net decreased from $ 74.6 million in 2014 to $ 65.1 million in 2015. Our equity in gains of affiliates in 2015

was attributable primarily to our equity in gains recorded in Magic Software and Sapiens .

Net  income  attributable  to  redeemable  non-controlling  interests.  Change  in  redeemable  non-controlling  interest  in  2015  amounted  to  $  0.3  million. 

Change in redeemable non-controlling interest in 2014 amounted to amounted to an expense of $ 0.2 million.

Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests includes the non-controlling interests held by 
other shareholders in our consolidated companies which are not wholly owned by Formula during each of the periods indicated. Net income attributable to non-
controlling interests increased from $ 13.7 million in 2014 to $ 18.5 million in 2015. This increase resulted primarily from the reconsolidation of Sapiens’ results 
of  operations  to  our  consolidated  results  of  operations  as  of  December  23,  2014  offset  by  the  deconsolidation  of  Magic’s  results  of  operations  from  our 
consolidated results of operation as of March 5, 2014, upon the follow-on public offering of its ordinary shares on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, pursuant
to which Formula lost its controlling interest in Magic.

Year Ended December 31, 2014 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2013

The following tables set forth certain data from our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, as well as such data as a
percentage  of  our  revenues  for  those  years.  The  data  has  been  derived  from  our  audited  consolidated  financial  statements  included  in  this  annual  report.  The
operating results for the below years should not be considered indicative of results for any future period. This information should be read in conjunction with the
audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this annual report.

63

Sapiens results of operations reflect for 2012 and 2013, the period starting on January 27, 2012, the date on which Formula gained its controlling interest
in  Sapiens  and  ending  on  November  19,  2013,  the  date  on  which  Formula’s  percentage  interest  in  Sapiens  decreased  to  under  50%,  resulting  in  the
deconsolidation  of  Sapiens’ results  and  for  2014,  the  period  starting  on  December  23,  2014,  the  date  on  which  Formula  regained  its  controlling  interest  in
Sapiens. Magic Software’s results of operations reflect all of Magic Software’s results of operations for 2013 and, for 2014, the period ending on March 5, 2014,
the date on which Formula’s interest in Magic Software decreased below 50%, resulting in the deconsolidation of Magic Software’s results.

Statement of Income Data
(U.S. dollars, in thousands, except share and per share data)

Revenues
Cost of revenues
Gross profit
Operating expenses:

Research and development, net
Selling, marketing, general and administrative
Other expenses (income), net

Total operating expenses
Operating income
Financial expenses, net
Income before taxes on income
Taxes on income
Equity in gains of affiliated companies, net
Net income
Change in redeemable non-controlling interests
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income attributable to Formula’s shareholders

Statement of Income Data as a Percentage of Revenues

Revenues
Cost of revenues
Gross profit
Operating expenses:

Research and development, net
Selling, marketing, general and administrative
Other expenses (income), net

Total operating expenses
Operating income
Financial expenses, net
Income before taxes on income
Taxes on income
Equity in gains of affiliated companies, net
Net income
Change in redeemable non-controlling interests
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income attributable to Formula’s shareholders

64

Year ended 
December 31,

2013

2014

$

$

795,881
603,080
192,801

14,168
117,877
14
132,059
60,742
6,236
54,506
8,728
60,683
106,461
1,735
24,039
80,687

$

$

636,417
530,083
106,334

787
70,517
(5)
71,299
35,035
4,866
30,169
10,074
74,590
94,685
154
13,698
80,833

Year ended 
December 31,

2013

2014

100.0%
75.8%
24.2%

1.8%
14.8%
0.0%
16.6%
7.6%
0.8%
6.8%
1.1%
7.6%
13.3%
0.2%
3.0%
10.1%

100%
83.3%
16.7%

0.1%
11.1%
(0.0)%
11.2%
5.5%
0.7%
4.8%
1.6%
11.7%
14.9%
0.0%
2.2%
12.7%

Revenues. Revenues in 2014 decreased by 20.0%, from $ 795.9 million in 2013 to $ 636.4 million in 2014. Revenues from the two categories of our
operations were as follows: revenues from the delivery of software services increased by 1.4%, from $ 616.5 million in 2013 to $ 625.3 million in 2014, and
revenues from the sale of our proprietary software products and related services decreased by 93.8%, from $ 179.4 million in 2013 to $ 11.1 million in 2014. Our
comparable pro-forma revenues, had consolidated Magic's and Sapiens' results of operations for the years 2014 and 2013, would have totaled $ 930.8 million in
2014, compared to $ 814.0 million in 2013, reflecting a year over year increase of 4.3%.

The increase in software services revenues was primarily due to (i) the growth in Matrix's revenues, from NIS 1,925.6 million (approximately $ 533.9
million) in 2013 to NIS 2,100.5 million (approximately $ 586.3 million) in 2014, reflecting an increase of 9.0% when measured in NIS, Matrix local currency
(compared  to  an  increase  of  9.8%  when  measured  in  USD).  The  increase  in  Matrix  revenues  was  primarily  attributable  to  an  increase  of  10.0%  in  Matrix’s 
software solutions and services business unit from NIS 1,405.6 million (approximately $ 389.8 million) to NIS 1,550.2 (approximately $ 433.3 million) and an
increase of 5.4% in Matrix remaining three areas of operations resulting from organic growth as well as from acquisitions, and (ii) the acquisition of InSync on
April 1, 2014, offset by the decrease in Magic Software’s software services revenues which are consolidated in our financial statements from $ 82.6 million in
2013 to $ 16.2 million in 2014, which resulted primarily from the deconsolidation of Magic’s results of operations from our consolidated results of operation as of
March 5, 2014, upon the follow-on public offering of its ordinary shares on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, pursuant to which Formula lost its controlling
interest in Magic Software.

The  decrease  in  revenues  from  proprietary  software  products  and  related  services  was  primarily  due  to  the  deconsolidation  of  Sapiens’ results  of 
operations  from  our  consolidated  results  of  operations  as  of  November  19,  2013,  upon  the  follow-on  public  offering  of  its  common  shares  on  the  NASDAQ 
Capital  Market,  pursuant  to  which  Formula  lost  its  controlling  interest  in  Sapiens  and  from  the  deconsolidation  of  Magic’s  results  of  operations  from  our 
consolidated results of operation as of March 5, 2014, upon the follow-on public offering of its ordinary shares on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, pursuant
to which Formula lost its controlling interest in Magic Software.

A  breakdown  of  our  overall  revenues  into  proprietary  software  products  and  related  services  and  software  services  revenues  for  the  years  ended
December  31,  2013  and  2014,  the  percentage  those  respective  categories  of  revenues  constituted  out  of  our  total  revenues  in  those  years,  and  the  percentage
change for each such category of revenues from 2013 to 2014, are provided in the below table:

Revenue category
Proprietary software products and related services
Software services
Total

Revenues by geographical region

Year ended 
December 31, 2013

Revenues

Percentage

Year-over-
year
change
($ in thousands)

Year ended 
December 31, 2014

Revenues

Percentage

$

$

179,400
616,481
795,881

22.5%
77.5%
100%

(168,269) $
8,805
(159,464) $

11,131
625,286
636,417

1.75%
98.25%
100%

The dollar amount and percentage share of our revenues attributable to each of the geographical regions in which we conduct our operations for the years

ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, respectively, as well as the percentage change between such years, were as follows:

65

Geographical region
Israel
International

United States
Europe
Other

Total

Year ended
 December 31, 2013

Revenues

Percentage

$

$

526,179

155,002
84,864
29,836
795,881

66.1%

19.5%
10.7%
3.7%
100%

Year-over-
Year
change
($ in thousands)
5,014

Year ended 
December 31, 2014

Revenues

Percentage

$

531,193

(67,732)
(70,288)
(26,458)
(159,464) $

87,270
14,576
3,378
636,417

83.5%

13.7%
2.3%
0.5%
100%

Cost  of  Revenues.  Cost  of  revenues  consists  primarily  of  wages,  personnel  expenses,  other  personnel-related  expenses  of  software  consultants,
subcontractors and engineers, amortization of capitalized software, and hardware and other materials costs. Cost of revenues decreased by 12.1% from $ 603.1
million in 2013 to $ 530.1 million in 2014, mainly due to the accompanying decrease in revenues in 2014. As a percentage of software services revenues, costs of
revenues in 2013 and 2014 were 82.2% and 84.1%, respectively.

Our  proprietary  software  solutions  and  related  services  sales  are  generally  characterized  by  a  higher  gross  margin  than  sales  of  proprietary  software
solutions and related services. The cost of revenues for proprietary software solutions and related services decreased from $ 96.2 million in 2013 to $ 4.1 million
in  2014,  mainly  due  to  the  deconsolidation  of  Sapiens’ results  of  operations  from  our  consolidated  results  of  operations  as  of  November  19,  2013,  upon  the
follow-on public offering of its common shares on the NASDAQ Capital Market, pursuant to which Formula lost its controlling interest in Sapiens and from the
deconsolidation of Magic’s results of operations from our consolidated results of operation as of March 5, 2014, upon the follow-on public offering of its ordinary 
shares on the NASDAQ Global Market, pursuant to which Formula lost its controlling interest in Magic.

The cost of revenues for software services increased from $ 506.9 million in 2013 to $ 526.0 million in 2014, mainly due to the accompanying increase
in  revenues  in  2014.  As  a  percentage  of  revenues,  costs  of  revenues  for  software  services  in  2013  and  2014  remained  relatively  consistent  at  82.2%  in  2013
compared to 84.1% in 2014. The increase in the percentage of total costs of revenues from revenues (from 75.8% in 2013 to 83.3% in 2014) is attributable to the
deconsolidation of Magic software’s software services operation which carried a higher gross margin than Matrix and InSync and from a decrease in Matrix’s 
aggregated gross margin due to a decrease in the gross margins of Matrix’s software solutions and services and learning and integration business units.

Cost of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014 include insignificant amounts of stock-based compensation recorded under ASC 718.

Research and Development Expenses, net. Research and development, or R&D, expenses consist primarily of wages and related expenses and, to a lesser
degree, consulting fees that we pay to employees and independent contractors, respectively, engaged in research and development.  Research and development
expenses, net, consist of research and development expenses, gross, less capitalized software costs.  Research and development expenses, gross, decreased from $
23.8 million in 2013 to $ 1.5 million in 2014, mainly due to the deconsolidation of Sapiens’ results of operations from our consolidated results of operations as of
November 19, 2013, upon the follow-on public offering of its common shares on the NASDAQ Capital Market, pursuant to which Formula lost its controlling
interest in Sapiens and from the deconsolidation of Magic’s results of operations from our consolidated results of operation as of March 5, 2014, upon the follow-
on public offering of its ordinary shares on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, pursuant to which Formula lost its controlling interest in Magic.

In  2014,  we  capitalized  software  costs  of  $  0.7  million,  compared  to  $  9.6  million  in  2013.  Capitalization  of  software  costs  in  2013  and  2014  was
attributable to our subsidiaries engaged in providing proprietary software solutions (i.e., Magic Software and Sapiens). Research and development expenses, net,
decreased from $ 14.2 million in 2013 to $ 0.8 million in 2014, mainly due to the factors described above. 

As  a  percentage  of  revenues,  research  and  development  expenses,  net,  decreased  from  1.8%  in  2013  to  0.1%  in  2014.  Research  and  development
expenses,  net,  in  2014  was  attributable  to  Magic  Software,  which  consolidated  research  and  development  expenses,  net  amounted  to  approximately  $  0.8
million  .Research  and  development  expenses,  net,  in  2013  were  attributable  to  Magic  Software  and  Sapiens,  which  consolidated  research  and  development
expenses, net amounted to approximately $ 3.7 million and $ 10.5 million, respectively. Amortization of capitalized software costs was $0.1 million in 2014 and $
8.5 million in 2013, which amounts were included in cost of revenues. Research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014
include insignificant amounts of stock-based compensation recorded under ASC 718.

66

Selling, Marketing, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, marketing, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of cost of salaries,
severance and related expenses of sales, marketing, management and administrative employees, travel expenses, selling expenses, rent, utilities, communications
expenses,  expenses  related  to  external  consultants,  depreciation,  amortization  and  other  expenses.  Selling,  marketing,  general  and  administrative  expenses
decreased from $ 117.9 million recorded in 2013 to $ 70.5 million recorded in 2014. As a percentage of revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses
decreased from 14.8% in 2013 to 11.1% in 2014.

The  decrease  in  the  absolute  amount  of  selling,  marketing,  general  and  administrative  expenses  was  primarily  attributable  to  the  deconsolidation  of
Sapiens’ results of operations from our consolidated results of operations as of November 19, 2013, upon the follow-on public offering of its common shares on
the NASDAQ Capital Market, pursuant to which Formula lost its controlling interest in Sapiens and from the deconsolidation of Magic’s results of operations 
from our consolidated results of operation as of March 5, 2014, upon the follow-on public offering of its ordinary shares on the NASDAQ Global Select Market,
pursuant to which Formula lost its controlling interest in Magic.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014 include $ 3.9 million and $ 5.0 million, respectively, of

stock-based compensation recorded under ASC 718.

Other  Income,  net.  We  recorded  other  income  of  $  5,000  in  2014,  as  compared  to  a  loss  of  $  14,000  in  other  income  in  2013,  each  representing

insignificant amounts.

Operating  Income.  Our  operating  income  decreased  from  $  60.7  million  in  2013  to  $  35.0  million  in  2014.  The  decrease  in  operating  income  was
primarily  attributable  to  the  deconsolidation  of  Sapiens’ results  of  operations  from  our  consolidated  results  of  operations  as  of  November  19,  2013,  upon  the
follow-on public offering of its common shares on the NASDAQ, pursuant to which Formula lost its controlling interest in Sapiens and from the deconsolidation
of Magic’s results of operations from our consolidated results of operation as of March 5, 2014, upon the follow-on public offering of its ordinary shares on the
NASDAQ, pursuant to which Formula lost its controlling interest in Magic. Formula's comparable pro-forma operating income, had it continued to consolidate 
Magic's and Sapiens' results of operations for the years 2014 and 2013, would have totaled $ 66.7 million, compared to $ 62.4 million in the same period last year,
reflecting a year over year increase of 6.9%.

Financial Expenses, net. Financial expenses, net decreased from $ 6.2 million in 2013 to $ 4.9 million in 2014. Financial expenses, net, is influenced by
various  factors,  including  our  cash  balances,  loan  balances,  outstanding  debentures,  changes  in  market  value  of  trading  marketable  securities,  changes  in  the
exchange rate of the NIS against the dollar, changes in the exchange rate of the dollar against the Euro and changes in the Israeli consumer price index, or CPI.
The decrease in financial expenses, net in 2014 was mainly attributable to a decrease in short term debt interest expenses from $ 3.6 million recorded in 2013 to $
1.9  million  in  2014  and  an  increase  in  financial  income  from  $2.0  million  in  2013  to  $3.8  million  in  2014  primarily  attributable  to  financial  income  of  $  2.6
million  with  respect  to  the  devaluation  of  Formula’s  long  term  loan  denominated  in  NIS,  offset  by  an  increase  in  financial  costs  related  to  long-term  debt 
increasing form $ 4.6 million in 2013 to $ 6.8 million in 2014.

Taxes on Income. Taxes on income increased from $ 8.7 million in 2013 to $ 10.1 million in 2014. The increase in taxes on income in 2014 was mainly
attributable to (i) an increase in Matrix taxes on income, increasing from $ 6.9 million in 2013 to $ 9.0 million in 2014, primarily attributable to an increase in
current  taxes in Matirx subsidiaries  due  to  local  taxes in Israel  (of 26.5%)  and  in North America (of 38%)  resulting from an increase  in  taxable income, ii) a
deferred tax income recorded in Matrix of approximately $ 0.7 million in 2013 due to an increase in its deferred tax assets resulting from an increase in the Israeli
corporate  tax  rate  from  25%  to  26.5%  and  iii)  the  acquisition  of  InSync  on  April  1,  2014,  offset  primarily  by  a  decrease  in  tax  expenses  resulting  from  the
deconsolidation of Magic’s results of operations from our consolidated results of operation as of March 5, 2014, upon the follow-on public offering of its ordinary 
shares on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, pursuant to which Formula lost its controlling interest in Magic.

67

Gain derived from deconsolidation of subsidiary and equity in gains of affiliated companies net.

On November 19, 2013, Sapiens completed a follow-on public offering of its common shares. Sapiens issued 6,497,400 shares at a price of $ 6.25 per
share before issuance expenses. Total net proceeds from the issuance amounted to approximately $37.8 million. As a result of the offering, our interest in Sapiens'
outstanding  common  shares  was  diluted  from  56.8%  to  48.6%.  Our  investment  in  Sapiens  following  the  dilution  was  measured  under  the  equity  method  of
accounting. The gain recognized in relation of our loss of control in Sapiens amounted to $61.2 million and is presented in the income statement as equity in gains
of affiliated companies, net.

During  the  period  following  the  offering  through  December  23,  2014,  Formula  purchased  additional  Sapiens  common  shares,  bringing  its  interest  in
Sapiens  common  shares  to  50.2%  of  Sapiens  common  shares  on  December  23,  2014.  As  a  result,  Formula  regained  control  over  Sapiens  as  of such  date  and
Sapiens’ balance  sheet  is  consolidated  into  Formula’s  balance  sheet.  The  gain  recognized  in  relation  to  the  consolidation  of  Sapiens  and  the  related  re-
measurement of the investment to fair value amounted to $ 3.4 million and is presented in the income statement as equity in gains of affiliated companies, net.

From November 19, 2013 until December 31, 2014, Sapiens' results of operations were reflected in our results of operations using the equity method of

accounting.

On March 5, 2014, Magic completed a follow-on public offering of its ordinary shares on the NASDAQ. Magic issued 6,900,000 shares at a price of $
8.50  per  share  before  issuance  expenses.  Total  net  proceeds  from  the  issuance  amounted  to  $  54.7  million.  As  a  result  of  the  offering,  Formula’s  interest  in 
Magic’s  outstanding  ordinary  shares  decreased  from  51.6%  to  45.0%.  Formula's  investment  in  Magic  following  the  decrease  was  measured  under  the  equity
method of accounting due to loss of control in Magic in accordance with ASC 810. The gain recognized in relation of Formula loss of control in Magic and the
related  re-measurement  of  the  investment  to  fair  value  amounted  to  $  83.5  million  and  is  presented  in  the  income  statement  as  equity  in  gains  of  affiliated
companies, net. In addition Formula recorded deferred tax expense of $ 16.4 million presented in the income statement as equity in gains of affiliated companies,
net.

From March 5, 2014 until December 31, 2014, Magic Software's results of operations were reflected in our results of operations using the equity method

of accounting.

Our  equity  in  gains  of  affiliates,  net  was  $  4.1  million  in  2014,  compared  to  $  0.5  million  in  2013.  Our  equity  in  gains  of  affiliates  in  2014  was

attributable primarily to our equity in gains recorded in Magic Software and Sapiens, which was partially offset by our equity in losses recorded in Matrix.

68

Change  in  redeemable  non-controlling  interests.  Change  in  redeemable  non-controlling  interest  in  2014  amounted  to  an  expense  of  $  0.2  million.
Change in redeemable non-controlling interest in 2013 amounted to an expense of $ 1.7 million related mainly to (i) expenses recorded in Magic Software with
respect to the acquisition of Comm-IT Group having an effect of $ 0.5 million and (ii) expenses recorded in Matrix with respect to the acquisitions of Exzac Inc.,
K.B.I.S. Ltd., Match Point I.T. Ltd., and Babcom Centers Ltd having an aggregate impact of $ 1.2 million.

Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests includes the non-controlling interests held by 
other shareholders in our consolidated companies which are not wholly owned by Formula during each of the periods indicated. Net income attributable to non-
controlling interests decreased from $ 24.0 million in 2013 to $ 13.7 million in 2014. This decrease resulted primarily from the deconsolidation of Sapiens’ results 
of operations from our consolidated results of operations as of November 19, 2013, upon the follow-on public offering of its common shares on the NASDAQ 
Capital  Market,  pursuant  to  which  Formula  lost  its  controlling  interest  in  Sapiens  and  from  the  deconsolidation  of  Magic’s  results  of  operations  from  our 
consolidated results of operation as of March 5, 2014, upon the follow-on public offering of its ordinary shares on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, pursuant
to which Formula lost its controlling interest in Magic.

Impact of Inflation and Currency Fluctuations on Results of Operations

Our financial  statements are  stated in  U.S.  dollars, our  functional currency.  However,  most of  our revenues  and  expenses  from  our  software services
revenue line are denominated in NIS and a substantial portion of our revenues and costs from our Proprietary software products and related services revenue line 
are incurred in other currencies, particularly NIS, Euros, Japanese yen, and the British pound. We also maintain substantial non-U.S. dollar balances of assets, 
including cash, accounts receivable, and liabilities, including accounts payable, debentures and debt to financial institutions Therefore, fluctuations in the value of
the currencies in which we do business relative to the U.S. dollar may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.. For financial
reporting  purposes,  we  translate  all  non-U.S.  dollar  denominated  transactions  into  dollars  using  the  average  exchange  rate  over  the  period  during  which  the
transactions occur, in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Therefore, we are exposed to the risk that the devaluation of the NIS relative to the U.S. dollar may reduce the
revenue growth rate and profitability for our software services in dollar terms. The representative average exchange rate of the NIS to the dollar in 2013, 2014 and
2015, as reported by the Bank of Israel, was NIS 3.6108 per US$1. NIS 3.5779 per US$1 and NIS 3.8869 per US$1, respectively. On the other hand, a significant
portion  of  our  revenues  from  proprietary  software  products  and  related  services  is  currently  mainly  denominated  in  U.S  dollar,  Euros,  Japanese  Yen  and  the
British Pound, whereas a substantial portion of our expenses relating to those products, principally salaries and related personnel expenses, are denominated in
NIS. As a result, the devaluation of the Euro or those other currencies relative to the dollar (as was the case in 2015 with respect to the Euro and as was in the case
of the Japanese Yen in 2013, 2014 and 2015) reduces the revenue growth rate and profitability for our proprietary software products and related services in dollar
terms, thereby adversely affecting our operating results. On the other hand, the devaluation of the NIS relative to the dollar, which occurred in 2012 and in 2015,
decreased the relative value of the NIS-denominated operating costs related to our proprietary software product revenues, and, therefore, partially compensates for
the negative effect on our revenues and our profitability.

Since most of our expenses are incurred in NIS, the dollar cost of our operations also rises as a result of any increase in the rate of inflation in Israel, to
the extent that such inflation is not offset, or is only offset on a lagging basis, by the devaluation (if any) of the NIS against the dollar during a relevant period of
time.  The  Israeli  rate  of  inflation  amounted  to  1.8%,  (-0.2)%  and  (-1.0)%  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2013,  2014  and  2015,  respectively,  thereby
compounding the impact of the appreciation of the NIS relative to the dollar in 2013, and adversely affecting our U.S. dollar measured results of operations in
such year. In 2014 and 2015, the U.S. dollar appreciated relative to the NIS at a rate that eclipsed the Israeli rate of deflation for those years. 

An increase in the rate of inflation in Israel may also have a material adverse effect on our financial results by increasing our operational expenses, as
certain of our operating lease and rent agreements are denominated in NIS and are generally linked to the Israeli CPI, so to the extent that the CPI rises so will our
operational expenses.

To date, we have not engaged in significant currency hedging transactions. In the future, we may enter into more or larger currency hedging transactions
to decrease the risk of financial exposure from fluctuations in the exchange rate of the NIS, Euro, Japanese Yen or British Pound  against the dollar, and from 
increases in the Israeli inflation rate. However, we cannot assure you that these measures will adequately protect us from the adverse effects of those fluctuations.

69

Following is a summary of the most relevant monetary indicators for the reported periods:

For the year ended
December 31,

Inflation rate in Israel

2013
2014
2015

%

1.8
(-0.2)
(-1.0)

Devaluation
(appreciation) of NIS
against the US$*
%

Devaluation
(appreciation) of Euro
against the US$*
%

(7.0)
(12.0)
(0.3)

(4.4)
(11.5)
(10.4)

*Reflects the change in the exchange rate from January 1 to December 31 of the relevant year, rather than the difference in the average exchange rate over the
course of each year relative to the previous year.

Effective Corporate Tax Rates in Israel

Tax regulations have a material impact on our business, particularly in Israel where we have the headquarters or our subsidiary and affiliated companies.
The following summary describes the current tax structure applicable to companies in Israel, with special reference to its effect on us. The following also contains
a discussion of government programs from which we, and some of our subsidiaries, benefit. To the extent that the discussion is based on tax legislation that has
not  been  subject  to  judicial  or  administrative  interpretation,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  views  expressed  in  the  discussion  will  be  accepted  by  the  tax
authorities in question.

Corporate Tax

Israeli  companies  are  generally  subject  to  corporate  tax  on  their  taxable  income.  As  of  2016,  the  corporate  tax  rate  is  25%  (in  2014  and  2015,  the
corporate tax rate was 26.5%). However, the effective tax rate payable by a company that derives income from an Approved Enterprise, a Beneficiary Enterprise
or Preferred Enterprise, as further discussed below, may be considerably less. In addition, Israeli companies are generally subject to tax at the prevailing regular
corporate tax rate on their capital gains.

Besides being subject to the general corporate tax rules in Israel, certain of our Israeli subsidiaries have also, from time to time, applied for and received

certain grants and tax benefits from, and participate in, programs sponsored by the Government of Israel, as described below.

Taxation of Non-Israeli Subsidiaries Held by an Israeli Parent Company

Non-Israeli subsidiaries of an Israeli parent company are generally subject to tax in their countries of residence under tax laws applicable to them in such
countries. Such subsidiaries could also be subject to Israeli corporate tax on their income if they were to be managed and controlled from Israel. In such case,
double taxation could ensue unless an applicable tax treaty provides applicable rules for relief from double taxation or such relief is available under internal law.

An  Israeli  parent  company  may  also  be  required  to  include  in  its  income  on  a  current  basis,  as  a  deemed  dividend,  certain  income  derived  by  its
subsidiaries  under  the  Israeli  Controlled  Foreign  Corporation  rules,  regardless  of  whether  such  income  is  distributed  or  not.  Under  these  rules,  a  non-Israeli 
subsidiary is considered to be a controlled foreign corporation, if, among other things, a majority of the subsidiary’s means of control are held by Israeli residents,
most of its revenues or income is passive (such as interest, dividends, royalties, rental income or income from capital gains) and such income is taxed at a rate that
does not exceed 15%. An Israeli parent company that is subject to Israeli taxes on such deemed dividend income, may generally receive a credit for foreign taxes
paid by its subsidiaries in their country of residence and for deemed foreign taxes to be withheld upon the actual distribution of such income.

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Tax Benefits Under the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 5719-1959

The  Law  for  the  Encouragement  of  Capital  Investments,  5719-1959  (the  “Investment  Law”),  provides  certain  incentives  for  capital  investments  in  a 
production  facility  (or  other  eligible  assets)  by  “Industrial  Enterprises” (as  defined  under  the  Investment  Law).  Generally,  an  investment  program  that  is
implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Investment Law, referred to as an Approved Enterprise, a Beneficiary Enterprise or a Preferred Enterprise,
is entitled to benefits as discussed below. These benefits may include cash grants from the Israeli government and tax benefits, based upon, among other things,
the  location  of  the  facility  within  Israel  in  which  the  investment  is  made  or  the  election  of  the  grantee.  In  order  to  qualify  for  these  incentives,  an  Approved
Enterprise, a Beneficiary Enterprise or a Preferred Enterprise is required to comply with the requirements of the Investment Law.

The Investment Law has been amended several times over the last years, with the two most significant changes effective as of April 1, 2005 (the “2005 
Amendment”), and as of January 1, 2011 (the “2011 Amendment”). Pursuant to the 2005 Amendment, tax benefits granted in accordance with the provisions of
the Investment Law prior to its revision by the 2005 Amendment remain in force but any benefits granted subsequently are subject to the provisions of the 2005
Amendment. Similarly, the 2011 Amendment introduced new benefits instead of the benefits granted in accordance with the provisions of the Investment Law in
effect prior to the 2011 Amendment. However, companies entitled to benefits under the Investment Law as in effect prior to January 1, 2011 were entitled to
choose to continue to enjoy such benefits, provided that certain conditions are met, or elect instead irrevocably to forego such benefits and have the benefits of the
2011 Amendment apply.

The following discussion is a summary of the Investment Law prior to its amendments as well as the relevant changes contained in the new legislation.

Tax Benefits for Income from Approved Enterprises Approved Before April 1, 2005

Under the Investment Law prior to the 2005 Amendment, a company that wished to receive benefits on its investment program that is implemented in
accordance with the provisions of the Investment Law, or an Approved Enterprise, had to receive an approval from the Investment Center of the Israeli Ministry
of  Economy  (formerly  the  Ministry  of  Industry,  Trade  and  Labor)  which  we  refer  to  as  the  Investment  Center.  Each  certificate  of  approval  for  an  Approved
Enterprise  relates  to  a  specific  investment  program  delineated  by  the  financial  scope  of  the  investment,  including  sources  of  funds,  and  by  the  physical
characteristics of the facility or other assets. The tax benefits available under any certificate of approval relate only to taxable income attributable to the specific
program and are contingent upon meeting the criteria set out in the certificate of approval.

An Approved Enterprise may elect to forego any entitlement to the grants otherwise available under the Investment Law and, instead, participate in an
alternative  benefits  program.  Certain  of  our  Israeli  affiliated  companies  receive  the  benefits  through  the  alternative  benefits  program.  Under  the  alternative
benefits program, a company’s undistributed income derived from an Approved Enterprise will be exempt from corporate tax for a period of between two and ten
years from the first year of taxable income, depending upon the geographic location in Israel of the Approved Enterprise, and a reduced corporate tax rate of
between 10% to 25% for the remainder of the benefits period, depending on the level of foreign investment in the company in each year, as detailed below. The
benefits commence on the date in which that taxable income is first earned. The benefits period under Approved Enterprise status is limited to 12 years from the
year  in  which  the  production  commenced(as  determined  by  the  Investment  Center),  or  14  years  from  the  year  of  the  approval  as  an  Approved  Enterprise,
whichever ends earlier. If a company has more than one Approved Enterprise program or if only a portion of its capital investments are approved, its effective tax
rate  is  the  result  of  a  weighted  combination  of  the  applicable  rates.  The  tax  benefits  available under  any  certificate  of  approval  relate  only  to  taxable  income
attributable to the specific program and are contingent upon meeting the criteria set out in the certificate of approval. Income derived from activity that is not
integral to the activity of the Approved Enterprise will not enjoy tax benefits. The entitlement to the above benefits is subject to fulfillment of certain conditions,
according to the law and related regulations.

A company that has an Approved Enterprise program is eligible for further tax benefits, if it qualifies as a Foreign Investors’ Company, or FIC. An FIC 
eligible  for  benefits  is  essentially  a  company  with  a  level  of  foreign  investment,  as  defined  in  the  Investment  Law,  of  more  than  25%.  The  level  of  foreign
investment is measured as the percentage of rights in the company (in terms of shares, rights to profits, voting and appointment of directors), and of combined
share  and  loan  capital,  that  are  owned,  directly  or  indirectly,  by  persons  who  are  not  residents  of  Israel.  The  determination  as  to  whether  or  not  a  company
qualifies as an FIC is made on an annual basis. An FIC that has an Approved Enterprise program will be eligible for an extension of the period during which it is
entitled to tax benefits under its Approved Enterprise status (so that the benefits period may be up to ten years) and for further tax benefits if the level of foreign
investment is 49% or more. If a company that has an Approved Enterprise program is a wholly owned subsidiary of another company, then the percentage of
foreign investment is determined based on the percentage of foreign investment in the parent company.

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The corporate tax rates and related levels of foreign investments with respect to an FIC that has an Approved Enterprise program are set forth in the

following table:

Percentage of non-Israeli ownership

Corporate Tax Rate

Over 25% but less than 49%
49% or more but less than 74%
74% or more but less than 90%
90% or more

25%
20%
15%
10%

A company that has elected to participate in the alternative benefits program and that subsequently pays a dividend out of the income derived from the
portion of its facilities that have been granted Approved Enterprise status during the tax exemption period will be subject to corporate tax in respect of the amount
of dividend distributed (grossed up to reflect such pre-tax income that it would have had to earn in order to distribute the dividend) at the corporate tax rate that
would have been otherwise applicable if such income had not been tax-exempted under the alternative benefits program. This rate generally ranges from 10% to
25%, depending on the level of foreign investment in the company in each year, as explained above.

In addition, dividends paid out of income attributed to an Approved Enterprise (or out of dividends received from a company whose income is attributed
to  an  Approved  Enterprise)  are  generally  subject  to  withholding  tax  at  the  rate  of  15%,  or  at  a  lower  rate  as  may  be  provided  under  an  applicable  tax  treaty
(subject to the receipt in advance of a valid certificate from the Israel Tax Authority allowing for a reduced tax rate). The 15% tax rate is limited to dividends and
distributions out of income derived during the benefits period and actually paid at any time up to 12 years thereafter. After this period, the withholding tax is
applied at a rate of up to 30%, or at a lower rate under an applicable tax treaty (subject to the receipt in advance of a valid certificate from the Israel Tax Authority
allowing for a reduced tax rate). In the case of an FIC, the 12-year limitation on reduced withholding tax on dividends does not apply.

The Investment Law also provides that an Approved Enterprise is entitled to accelerated depreciation on its property and equipment that are included in

an Approved Enterprise program. This benefit is an incentive granted by the Israeli government regardless of whether the alternative benefits program is elected.

The benefits available to an Approved Enterprise are subject to the fulfillment of conditions stipulated in the Investment Law and its regulations and the
criteria in the specific certificate of approval with respect thereto, as described above. If a company does not meet these conditions, it would be required to refund
the amount of tax benefits, adjusted to the Israeli consumer price index and interest or other monetary.

In  our case, subject to compliance with applicable requirements stipulated in the Investment  Law and its regulations and in the specific certificate of
approval, as described above, the portion of undistributed income derived from Approved Enterprise programs of one of Sapiens Israeli subsidiaries was exempt
from corporate tax for a period of two years commencing in 2014.

Tax benefits under the 2005 Amendment that became effective on April 1, 2005.

The 2005 Amendment applies to new investment programs commencing after 2004, and does not apply to investment programs approved prior to April
1, 2005. The 2005 Amendment provides that terms and benefits included in any certificate of approval that was granted before the 2005 Amendment became
effective (April 1, 2005) will remain subject to the provisions of the Investment Law as in effect on the date of such approval. Pursuant to the 2005 Amendment,
the  Investment  Center  will  continue  to  grant  Approved  Enterprise  status  to  qualifying  investments.  The  2005  Amendment,  however,  limits  the  scope  of
enterprises that may be approved by the Investment Center by setting criteria for the approval of a facility as an Approved Enterprise.

72

An enterprise that qualifies under the new provisions is referred to as a Beneficiary Enterprise, rather than Approved Enterprise. The 2005 Amendment
provides that a certificate of approval from the Investment Center is required only for Approved Enterprises that receive cash grants. As a result, a company is no
longer required to obtain the advance approval of the Investment Center in order to receive the tax benefits previously available under the alternative benefits
program. Rather, a company may claim the tax benefits offered by the Investment Law directly in its tax returns, provided that its facilities meet the criteria for
tax benefits set forth in the 2005 Amendment. A company that has a Beneficiary Enterprise may, at its discretion, approach the Israel Tax Authority for a pre-
ruling confirming that it is in compliance with the provisions of the Investment Law.

Tax benefits are available under the 2005 Amendment to production facilities (or other eligible facilities), which are generally required to derive more
than 25% of their business income from export to specific markets with a population of at least 14 million in 2012 (such export criteria will further increase in the
future  by  1.4%  per  annum).  In  order  to  receive  the  tax  benefits,  the  2005  Amendment  states  that  a  company  must  make  an  investment  which  meets  certain
conditions  set  forth  in  the  amendment  for  tax  benefits  and  which  exceeds  a  minimum  investment  amount  specified  in  the  Investment  Law.  Such  investment
entitles a company to receive a Beneficiary Enterprise status with respect to the investment, and may be made over a period of no more than three years from the
end of the year in which the company chose to have the tax benefits apply to its Beneficiary Enterprise. Where a company requests to have the tax benefits apply
to  an  expansion  of  existing  facilities,  only  the  expansion  will  be  considered  to  be  a  Beneficiary  Enterprise,  and  the  company’s  effective  tax  rate  will  be  the 
weighted average of the applicable rates. In such case, the minimum investment required in order to qualify as a Beneficiary Enterprise must exceed a certain
percentage of the value of the company’s production assets before the expansion.

The extent of the tax benefits available under the 2005 Amendment to qualifying income of a Beneficiary Enterprise depends on, among other things, the
geographic  location  in Israel  of  the  Beneficiary  Enterprise. The location will  also  determine the  period  for  which  tax  benefits are  available.  Such  tax  benefits
include an exemption from corporate tax on undistributed income generated by the Beneficiary Enterprise for a period of between two to ten years, depending on
the geographic location of the Beneficiary Enterprise in Israel, and a reduced corporate tax rate of between 10% to 25% for the remainder of the benefits period,
depending on the level of foreign investment in the company in each year, as explained above. The benefits period is limited to 12 or 14 years from the year the
company first chose to have the tax benefits apply, depending on the location of the company.

Dividends  paid  out  of  income  attributed  to  a  Beneficiary  Enterprise  (or  out  of  dividends  received  from  a  company  whose  income  is  attributed  to  a
Beneficiary Enterprise) are generally subject to withholding tax at source at the rate of 15% or such lower rate as may be provided in an applicable tax treaty
(subject  to  the  receipt  in  advance  of  a  valid  certificate  from  the  Israel  Tax  Authority  allowing  for  a  reduced  tax  rate).  The  reduced  rate  of  15%  is  limited  to
dividends and distributions out of income attributed to a Beneficiary Enterprise during the benefits period and actually paid at any time up to 12 years thereafter,
except with respect to an FIC, in which case the 12-year limit does not apply. Furthermore, a company qualifying for tax benefits under the 2005 Amendment
which pays a dividend out of income attributed to its Beneficiary Enterprise during the tax exemption period will be subject to corporate tax in respect of the
amount of the dividend distributed (grossed-up to reflect the pre-tax income that it would have had to earn in order to distribute the dividend) at the corporate tax
rate that would have otherwise been applicable.

The  benefits  available  to  a  Beneficiary  Enterprise  are  subject  to  the  continued  fulfillment  of  conditions  stipulated  in  the  Investment  Law  and  its
regulations. If a company does not meet these conditions, it would be required to refund the amount of tax benefits, as adjusted by the Israeli consumer price
index and interest, or other monetary penalty.

Income that is attributable to one of Sapiens’ Israeli subsidiaries, was exempt from income tax for a period of two years commencing 2014 and ending

2015, under the 2005 Amendment.

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Tax benefits under the 2011 Amendment that became effective on January 1, 2011.

The 2011 Amendment canceled the availability of the benefits granted to companies in accordance with the provisions of the Investment Law prior to
2011 and, instead, introduced new benefits for income generated by a “Preferred Company” through its Preferred Enterprise (as such terms are defined in the 
Investment  Law)  as  of  January  1,  2011.  A  Preferred  Company  is  defined  as  either  (i)  a  company  incorporated  in  Israel  which  is  not  wholly  owned  by  a
governmental entity or (ii) a limited partnership that (a) was registered under the Israeli Partnerships Ordinance and (b) all of its limited partners are companies
incorporated in Israel, but not all of them are governmental entities; which has, among other things, Preferred Enterprise status and is controlled and managed
from  Israel.  Pursuant to  the  2011  Amendment,  a  Preferred  Company  was  entitled  to  a  reduced  corporate  tax  rate  of  15% with  respect to  its  preferred  income
attributed to its Preferred Enterprise in 2012, unless the Preferred Enterprise was located in a certain development zone, in which case the rate was 10%. Such
corporate tax rates were reduced to 12.5% and 7%, respectively, in 2013 and were increased to 16% and 9%, respectively, in 2014 and thereafter. Income derived
by a Preferred Company from a ‘Special Preferred Enterprise’ (as such term is defined in the Investment Law) would be entitled, during a benefits period of 10
years, to further reduced tax rates of 8%, or to 5% if the Special Preferred Enterprise is located in a certain development zone.

Dividends paid out of income attributed to a Preferred Enterprise are generally subject to withholding tax at source at the rate of 20% or such lower rate
as may be provided in an applicable tax treaty (subject to the receipt in advance of a valid certificate from the Israel Tax Authority allowing for a reduced tax
rate). However, if such dividends are paid to an Israeli company, no tax is required to be withheld (although, if such dividends are subsequently distributed to
individuals or a non-Israeli company, withholding tax at a rate of 20% or such lower rate as may be provided in an applicable tax treaty will apply).

The  2011  Amendment  also  provided  transitional  provisions  to  address  companies  already  enjoying  existing  tax  benefits  under  the  Investment  Law.
These transitional provisions provide, among other things, that unless an irrevocable request is made to apply the provisions of the Investment Law as amended in
2011 with respect to income to be derived as of January 1, 2011: (i) the terms and benefits included in any certificate of approval that was granted to an Approved
Enterprise, which chose to receive grants, before the 2011 Amendment became effective, will remain subject to the provisions of the Investment Law as in effect
on the date of such approval, and subject to certain conditions; (ii) the terms and benefits included in any certificate of approval that was granted to an Approved
Enterprise, that had participated in an alternative benefits program, before the 2011 Amendment became effective, will remain subject to the provisions of the
Investment Law as in effect on the date of such approval, provided that certain conditions are met ; and (iii) a Beneficiary Enterprise can elect to continue to
benefit from the benefits provided to it before the 2011 Amendment came into effect, provided that certain conditions are met.

Tax Benefits and Grants for Research and Development

Israeli tax law allows, under certain conditions, a tax deduction for research and development expenditures, including capital expenditures, for the year
in  which  they  are  incurred.  Such  expenditures  must  relate  to  scientific  research  and  development  projects,  and  must  be  approved  by  the  relevant  Israeli
government  ministry,  determined  by  the  field  of  research,  and  the  research  and  development  must  be  for  the  promotion  or  development  of  the  company.
Furthermore,  the  research  and  development  must  be  carried  out  by  or  on  behalf  of  the  company  seeking  such  tax  deduction.  The  amount  of  such  deductible
expenses  is  reduced  by  the  sum  of  any  funds  received  through  government  grants  for  the  finance  of  such  scientific  research  and  development  projects.
Expenditures not approved by the relevant Israeli government ministry, but otherwise qualifying for deduction, are deductible over a three-year period from the 
first year that the expenditures were made. However, the amounts of any government grants made available are subtracted from the amount of the expenses which
may be deducted.

Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 5729-1969

The Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 5729-1969, or the Industry Encouragement Law, provides several tax benefits for an “Industrial 
Company”. Pursuant to the Industry Encouragement Law, a company qualifies as an Industrial Company if it is an Israeli resident company that was incorporated
in Israel and at least 90% of its income in any tax year (other than income from certain government loans) is generated from an “Industrial Enterprise” that it 
owns and located in Israel. An “Industrial Enterprise” is defined as an enterprise whose major activity, in a given tax year, is industrial production.

74

An Industrial Company is entitled to certain tax benefits, including:

(cid:120) Deduction  of  the  cost  of  the  purchases  of  know-how,  patents,  and  rights  to  use  a  patent  or  know-how  which  are  used  for  the  development  or

promotion of the Industrial Enterprise, over an eight year period commencing on the year in which such rights were first exercised;
Straight-line deduction of expenses related to a public offering in equal amounts over a three-year period commencing on the year of offering;
The right to elect, under certain conditions, to file a consolidated tax return together with Israeli Industrial Companies controlled by it; and

(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120) Accelerated depreciation rates on equipment and buildings.

Eligibility for benefits under the Industry Encouragement Law is not subject to receipt of prior approval from any governmental authority.

We  believe  that  certain  of  our  Israeli  subsidiary  and  affiliated  companies  currently  qualify  as  Industrial  Companies  within  the  definition  under  the
Industry  Encouragement  Law.  We  cannot  assure  you  that  we  will  continue  to  qualify  as  Industrial  Companies  or  that  the  benefits  described  above  will  be
available in the future.

B.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since inception, we have financed our growth and business primarily through cash provided by operations and through public debt and equity offerings,
as well as through private and public debt and equity offerings of our subsidiaries. In addition, we finance our business operations through short-term and long-
term loans and borrowings available under our credit facilities.

Current Outlook

We  had  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  short-term  investments  of  $129.7  million  and  $143.6  million  at  December  31,  2014  and  December  31,  2015,
respectively. At December 31, 2014 and  December 31, 2015, we had indebtedness  to  banks and others of $151.4 million and $161.9 million, respectively,  of
which $43.2 million and $59.1 million were current liabilities and $108.2 million and $102.8 million were long-term liabilities as of those respective dates. In
addition, as of December 31, 2015, we had indebtedness of $58.3 million outstanding under our secured debentures and convertible debentures which we sold in a
public offering in Israel in September 2015, as described below.

In  January  2014,  Formula  concluded  terms  of  a  NIS  200  million  loan  (approximately  $57.6  million)  that  was  extended  to  us  by  a  leading  Israeli
institutional investor. The loan is secured by certain of the shares of each of our publicly held subsidiary and affiliated companies. The loan's average duration
from inception is approximately four years (paid over a period of 6 years, first payment scheduled for January 2016) and carries a fixed annual interest rate of
5.5%.

Under the terms of the loan with the Israeli institutional investor, Formula has undertaken to maintain the following financial covenants, as they will be

expressed in its financial statements, as described:

1. Formula’s equity shall not be lower than $ 160 million at all times.
2. The ratio of Formula’s equity to total assets will not be less than 20%.

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3. The  ratio  of  Formula’s  total  financial  debts  less  cash,  short-term  deposits  and  short-term  marketable  securities  to  the  annual  EBITDA  will  not 

exceed 3.5 to 1.

4. The  ratio  of  Formula’s total  financial  debts  less cash,  short-term  deposits  and  short-term  marketable securities to  the  total  assets  will  not  exceed 

30%.

5. Formula’s liabilities to banks and other financial institutions in its standalone balance sheet shall not be higher than NIS 450 million (approximately

$ 115.7 million).

6. Formula will not create any pledge on all or part of its property and assets in favor of any third party and will not provide any guarantee to secure

any third party's debts as they are today and as they will be without the financial institution's consent.

7. Formula will not sell and/or transfer all or part of its assets to others in any manner whatsoever without the financial institution’s advance written 

consent, unless it is done in the ordinary course of business.

In September 2015, Formula concluded a public offering in Israel of debentures. The two series of debentures offered by Formula in the public offering
consisted of one series of debentures (the “Series A Secured Debentures”) that are secured by liens on the shares of Formula’s subsidiaries and affiliate held by
Formula,  while  the  second  series  (the  “Series  B  Convertible  Debentures,” and,  together  with  the  Secured  Debentures,  the  “Debentures”)  are  convertible  into 
ordinary shares of Formula. The Debentures are listed for trading only on the TASE.

In  the  public  offering,  Formula  issued  and  sold  a  total  amount  of  NIS  227,260,000  ($  57.8  million)  par  value  of  the  New  Debentures,  which  were

subdivided into the following respective amounts of Secured Debentures and Convertible Debentures that are subject to the following terms:

(cid:120) NIS 102,260,000 ($ 26.1 million) par value of Series A Secured Debentures, bearing interest on the unpaid principal at a fixed annual rate equal
to 2.8% (which may vary based on the credit rating of the debentures), paid on a semi-annual basis through July 2024. The principal is payable 
in  eight  equal  annual  installments  beginning  in  July  2017  and  ending  in  July  2024.  The  interest  rate  varies  based  on  the  credit  rating  of  the
Secured Debentures. The net proceeds received by Formula from the issuance of Series A Secured Debentures amount to $ 25.9 million (net of
issuance expenses).

(cid:120) NIS 125,000,000 ($ 31.2 million) par value of Series B Convertible Debentures, at a price per debenture unit (each unit comprised of NIS 1,000
par value of debentures) of NIS 1,020. The Series B Convertible Debentures bear interest at a fixed annual rate equal to 2.74% (which may vary
based on the credit rating of the debentures), payable in one payment upon maturity of the Series B Convertible Debentures on March 26, 2019
(at which time the accrued interest will constitute 10% of the principal amount of the Convertible Debentures, in the aggregate). The Series B
Convertible Debentures are subject to conversion into the Company’s ordinary shares at a rate of NIS 157 ($ 40.03) par value of Convertible
Debentures per one  share.  The  conversion  rate  is  subject to adjustment for  the  issuance of  bonus  shares,  rights  and dividends.  The principal
amount of and interest on the Series B Convertible Debentures is subject to adjustment based on changes in the exchange rate between the NIS
and the U.S. dollar relative to the exchange rate on September 8, 2015. The net proceeds received by Formula from the issuance of Series B
Convertible Debentures amount to $ 32.1 million (net of issuance expenses).

The  gross  proceeds  received  by  Formula  from  the  issuance  of  all  New  Debentures  were  approximately  NIS  229.8  million  ($  58.6  million),  in  the

aggregate.

The Series A and B debentures contain, in addition to standard terms and obligations, the following obligations:

a negative pledge, subject to certain exceptions;

(cid:120)
(cid:120)      a  covenant  not  to  distribute  dividends  unless  (i)  shareholders  equity  (not  including  minority  interests)  shall  not  be  less  than  $250  million,  (ii)
Formula’s net financial indebtedness (financial indebtedness net of cash, marketable securities, deposits and other liquid financial instruments) shall not exceed
65% of net CAP (which is defined financial indebtedness, net, plus shareholders equity), (iii) the amount of the distributions shall be equal to profits for the years
ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 and 75% of profits accrued from January 1, 2016 until the distribution and (iv) no event of default shall have occurred.; and

76

(cid:120) Financial  covenants,  including  (i)  the  equity  attributable  to  the  shareholders  of  Formula,  as  reported  in  Formula’s  annual  or  quarterly  financial 
statements, will not be less than $160 million, (ii) Formula’s net financial indebtedness (financial indebtedness net of cash, marketable securities, deposits and
other  liquid  financial  instruments)  shall  not  exceed  65%  of  net  CAP  (which  is  defined  as  financial  indebtedness,  net,  plus  shareholders  equity)  and  (iii)  at  all
times, Formula’s cash balance will not be less than the annual interest payment (compounded) for the unpaid principal amount of the Series B debentures.
We also agreed to standard events of default, together with the following:

(cid:120)

(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)

(cid:120)
(cid:120)

(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)

cross default, excluding following an immediate repayment initiated in relation to the other series of debentures or other indebtedness (other than 
non-recourse debt) over NIS 75 million ($19.2  million);
suspension of trading of the debentures on the TASE over a period of 60 days;
failure to have the debentures rated over a period of 60 days;
If the rating of the debentures is less than BBB- by Standard and Poors Maalot or equivalent rating of other rating agencies;
If there is a change in control without consent of the rating agency;
If  Formula  fails  to  provide  additional  security  when  the  loan-to-value  of  the securities  securing  the  Series  A  debentures  falls  below  the  required
ratio;
the existence of a real concern that Formula will not meet its material undertakings towards the debenture holders;
the inclusion in Formula’s financial statements of a note regarding the existence of significant doubt as to Formula’s ability to continue as a going 
concern;
breach of Formula’s undertakings regarding the issuance of additional debentures;
Formula’s failure to continue to control any of its subsidiaries; and
failure to comply with the negative pledge covenant.

From time to time, our subsidiaries and affiliated companies also maintain credit facilities with banks and issue debt instruments such as debentures in
accordance with their cash requirements. These credit facilities and debentures include, inter alia, certain covenants related to our subsidiaries’ operations, such as 
the required maintenance of a minimum level of shareholders’ equity and the achievement of certain operating results targets. Some of our subsidiaries’ assets are 
pledged  to  the  lender  banks  and  debenture  holders.  If  any  of  our  subsidiaries  does  not  meet  the  covenants  specified  in  its  credit  agreement  or  indenture  (or
equivalent agreement with the debenture holders), and a waiver with respect to the fulfillment of such covenant has not been received from the lender bank or
representative of the debenture holders, the lender bank or debenture holders (via the action of their representative) may foreclose on the pledged assets to satisfy
a debt.

Currently, only Matrix and Formula have such material credit facilities outstanding. The long-term debt obligations of Matrix bear fixed interest at an 

average annual rate of 2.64%-5.85%. These credit facilities expire over a period of time that ranges from 1 to 7 years.

As  of  December  31,  2015,  Matrix  had  aggregate  short-term  obligations  to  banks  and  others  of  NIS  199.6  million  (approximately  $51.2  million)  and

aggregate long-term obligations to banks of NIS 226.9 million (approximately $58.2 million) under its credit facilities.

In November 2013, Magic Software received a loan from a US bank institution, in the amount of $3.0 million, to be paid monthly in equal payments, for
a period of 36 months bearing interest of Libor+3.5%. The loan agreement contains various covenants which require Magic Software to maintain certain financial
ratios. During 2014, Magic Software made an early redemption and repaid the entire amount.

77

On March 5, 2014, Magic Software completed a follow-on public offering of its ordinary shares. Magic Software issued 6,900,000 shares at a price of $

8.50 per share before issuance expenses. Total net proceeds from the issuance were approximately $ 54.7 million.

We believe that our current cash reserves, together with cash that may be distributed to us from the ongoing operations of our subsidiaries and any credit
that we may choose to draw upon that is available under our (and our subsidiaries’ and affiliated company’s) existing credit facilities should be sufficient for our 
present working capital requirements for at least the next 12 months at our current level of operations. We will consider in the future additional equity issuances,
debt  issuances  or  borrowings  from  banks  if  necessary  to  meet  cash  needs  for  our  growth,  including  if  needed  to  consummate  one  or  more  acquisitions  for
consideration consisting of all or a substantial portion of our available cash. Should we require additional financing in the future, we cannot assure you that such
financing will be available on favorable terms or at all.

As of the date of the financial statements, Formula and Matrix are in compliance with the above financial covenants.

Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Cash flow provided by our operating activities increased from $ 16.7 million in 2014 to $ 54.4 million in 2015.

Net cash provided by operating activities in 2015 consisted primarily of the cash generated by our subsidiaries’ ongoing operating activities and of net
income stemming therefrom, as adjusted for non-cash activity, including changes in operating assets and liabilities. The material upwards adjustments in cash
flow  reflecting  non-cash  activity  included  adjustments  due  to  (i)  depreciation  and  amortization  of  capitalized  research  and  development  assets  and  other
intangible assets (mainly customer relations) in an aggregate amount of $ 17.6 million, (ii) stock-based compensation expenses, in an amount of $ 5.1 million, (iii) 
an increase in trade payables and in other accounts payable and employees and payroll accrual, in an aggregate amount of $ 20.3 million, and (iv) decrease in
accrued  severance  pay,  net,  and  change  in  liabilities  in  respect  of  business  combination  and  in  value  of  debentures  in  an  aggregate  amount  of  $  1.7  million.
Material  downwards  adjustments  in  cash  flow  for  non-cash  activity,  including  changes  in  operating  assets  and  liabilities,  consisted  of  adjustments  of  (i)  an
increase  in  trade  receivables  in  an  amount  of  $12.6  million,  (ii)  a  decrease  in  inventory,  in  an  amount  of  $2.4  million,  reflecting  our  subsidiaries’ strategy  to 
maintain adequate, but not excessive, levels of inventory based on their anticipation of future demand for proprietary software products and software services, (iii)
increase in other current and long term account receivables in an amount of $1.7 million, (iv) changes in deferred taxes in value in an amount of $ 1.0 million, and
(v) gain derived from deconsolidation of Sapiens, consolidation of Tiltan and equity in gains of affiliated companies in an amount of $ 64.1 million.

Cash flow provided by operating activities in 2015 was primarily comprised of $ 25.9 million provided by Matrix and $ 28.6 provided by Sapiens, offset

by $ 0.1 million used by Formula.

Cash flow provided by our operating activities decreased from $ 68.6 million in 2013 to $ 16.7 million in 2014.

Net cash provided by operations in 2014 consisted primarily of the cash generated by our subsidiaries’ ongoing operating activities and of net income
stemming  therefrom,  as  adjusted  for  non-cash  activity,  including  changes  in  operating  assets  and  liabilities.  The  material  upwards  adjustments  in  cash  flow
reflecting  non-cash  activity  included  adjustments  due  to  (i)  depreciation  and  amortization  of  capitalized  research  and  development  assets  and  other  intangible
assets (mainly customer relations) in an aggregate amount of $ 9.0 million, (ii) stock-based compensation expenses, in an amount of $ 5.0 million, (iii) increase in
deferred  revenues  in  an  amount  of  $  7.3  million,  (iv)  changes  in  deferred  taxes  and  in  value  of  debentures  in  an  aggregate  amount  of  $  20.2  million,  (v)
impairment of other investments in an amount of $ 1.3 million, and (vi) an increase in trade payables and in other accounts payable and employees and payroll
accrual, in an aggregate amount of $ 6.2 million. Material downwards adjustments in cash flow for non-cash activity, including changes in operating assets and 
liabilities, consisted of adjustments of (i) an increase in trade receivables in an amount of $13.6 million, (ii) decrease in value of long term loans in an amount of $
6.2  million,  (iii)  a  decrease  in  inventory,  in  an  amount  of  $0.2  million,  reflecting  our  subsidiaries’ strategy  to  maintain  adequate,  but  not  excessive,  levels  of 
inventory based on their anticipation of future demand for proprietary software products and software services, (iv) change in liabilities in respect of business
combinations in an amount of $ 3.3 million (v) increase in other current and long term account receivables in an amount of $ 5.7 million and (vi) gain derived
from deconsolidation of Magic Software, consolidation of Sapiens and equity in gains of affiliated companies in an amount of $ 90.9 million.

78

Cash  flow  provided  by  operating  activities  in  2014  was  primarily  comprised  of  $  23.1  million  provided  by  Matrix  offset  by  $  7.0  million  used  by

Formula.

Cash Generated by Financing Activities

Cash generated by financing activities of $ 35.8 million in 2015 compared to cash generated by financing activities of $31.6 million in 2014, mainly

reflecting the cumulative effect of the following financing-related transactions that occurred over the course of those years:

Year Ended December 31, 2015

In February 2015, Formula paid to its shareholders a cash dividend in an aggregate amount of approximately $ 7.9 million, which was announced in 

December 2014.

In August 2015, Formula paid to its shareholders a cash dividend in an aggregate amount of approximately $ 5.0 million, which was announced in June 

2015.

In March 2015, Matrix distributed to its shareholders a cash dividend in an aggregate amount of approximately $ 5.5 million, of which $ 2.7 million was 

paid to non-controlling interests in Matrix.

In June 2015, Matrix distributed to its shareholders a cash dividend in an aggregate amount of approximately $ 5.0 million, of which $ 2.5 million was 

paid to non-controlling interests in Matrix.

In September 2015, Matrix distributed to its shareholders a cash dividend in an aggregate amount of approximately $ 4.4 million, of which $ 2.2 million 

was paid to non-controlling interests in Matrix.

In December 2015, Matrix distributed to its shareholders a cash dividend in an aggregate amount of approximately $ 3.9 million, of which $ 2.0 million 

was paid to non-controlling interests in Matrix.

In April 2015, Sapiens distributed to its shareholders a cash dividend in an aggregate amount of approximately $ 7.2 million, of which $ 3.6 million was 

paid to non-controlling interests in Sapiens.

In addition, net cash provided by financing activities in 2015 was attributable to (i) our issuance of debentures in the amount of $ 58.6 million and (ii) an increase 
in short term bank credit, net and proceeds from long term debt in the aggregate amount of $ 37.9 million and (iii) exercise of employees stock options in 
subsidiaries in an amount of $ 1.6 million, offset by (i) repayment of long term loans from banks and others in an amount of $ 26.9 million, (ii) distribution of $ 
6.4 million to our ultimate parent company for a business acquisition under common control (that is, for the acquisition of Insseco, as described in Item 3.A, 
“Selected Financial Data” above), and (iii) cash paid in conjunction with acquisition of activities in an amount of $ 1.3 million.

Year Ended December 31, 2014

In  July  2014,  Formula  paid  to  its shareholders  a cash dividend  in an aggregate  amount  of approximately $7.1 million,  which  was  announced in  June 

2014.

In April 2014, Matrix distributed to its shareholders a cash dividend in an aggregate amount of approximately $ 5.8 million, of which $ 2.9 million was 

paid to non-controlling interests in Matrix.

In June 2014, Matrix distributed to its shareholders a cash dividend in an aggregate amount of approximately $ 4.9 million, of which $ 2.4 million was 

paid to non-controlling interests in Matrix.

79

In September 2014, Matrix distributed to its shareholders a cash dividend in an aggregate amount of approximately $ 3.3 million, of which $ 1.6 million 

was paid to non-controlling interests in Matrix.

In December 2014, Matrix distributed to its shareholders a cash dividend in an aggregate amount of approximately $ 4.1 million, of which $ 2.0 million 

was paid to non-controlling interests in Matrix.

In addition, net cash provided by financing activities in 2014 was attributable to (i) repayment of long term loans from banks and others in an amount of
$ 25.1 million, and (ii) cash paid in conjunction with acquisition of activities in an amount of $14.8 million offset by (i) an increase in short term bank credit, net
and  proceeds  from  long  term  debt  in  the  aggregate  amount  of  $  97.3  million,  and  (ii)  purchase  of  non-controlling  interests  and  redeemable  non-controlling 
interests in an amount of $ 1.7 million.

Cash Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in our investing activities was $ 58.5 million in 2015 compared to $ 19.8 million in 2014. Net cash used in investing activities in 2015 was
attributable to (i) changes due to deconsolidation and realization of investment in Sapiens which was previously consolidated in an amount of $ 45.2 million, (ii)
expenditure (net of cash acquired) with respect to business acquisitions in an amount of $ 7.6 million, (iii) purchase of property and equipment in an amount of $
5.4 million, (iv) investments in affiliated companies in an amount of $ 3.7 million, (v) capitalization of software development and other cost in an amount of $4.4
million, and, (vi) net increase in restrictions on short term deposit in an amount of $ 1.4 million, offset by (i) change in short term deposits in an amount of $ 6.4
million and (ii) dividend from affiliated companies in an amount of $ 3.5 million.

Year Ended December 31, 2014

On March 5, 2014, Magic Software completed a follow-on public offering of its ordinary shares on the NASDAQ. Magic issued 6,900,000 shares at a
price of $ 8.50 per share before issuance expenses. Total net proceeds from the issuance amounted to $ 54.7. As a result of the offering, Formula’s interest in 
Magic  Software’s  outstanding  ordinary  shares  decreased  from  51.6%  to  45.0%  and  Formula's  investment  in  Magic  Software  was  measured  under  the  equity
method  of  accounting  due  to  loss  of  control  in  Magic  Software.  We  recorded  a  capital  expenditure  of  $  37.4  million  in  respect  of  losing  control  in  Magic
Software.

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In April 2014, Formula acquired the VMS operations of InSync Staffing LLC, a U.S.-based full service provider of staffing solutions for IT, engineering 

and telecom. We recorded a capital expenditure of $ 4.0 million in respect of this acquisition.

In September 2014, Magic Software distributed to its shareholders a cash dividend in an aggregate amount of approximately $4.2 million, of which $1.9 

million was paid to Formula.

On December 23, 2014, following the purchase by Formula of Sapiens common shares, bringing Formula interest in Sapiens common shares to 50.2%

and as a result, regaining control over Sapiens, we recorded a net capital proceed of $ 42.4 million in respect of regaining control in Sapiens.

In addition, net cash used in investing activities in 2014 was attributable to (i) purchase of property and equipment in an amount of $ 4.0 million (ii)
investments in affiliated companies in an amount of $7.6 million, (iii) expenditure (net of cash acquired) with respect to business acquisitions in an amount of $
4.4 million, and, (iv) net investment in short term deposits in an amount of $ 6.1 million.

Company Commitments

In  January  2014,  Formula  agreed  to  the  terms  of  a  NIS  200  million  loan  (approximately  $57.6  million)  that  was  extended  to  us  by  a  leading  Israeli
institutional investor. The loan is secured by certain of the shares of each of our publicly held subsidiaries and affiliated company. The loan's average duration is
approximately four years (paid over a period of 6 years) and carries a fixed annual interest rate of 5.5%.

In the context of Formula’s engagements the above mentioned leading financial institution, Formula has undertaken to maintain the following financial

covenants, as they will be expressed in its financial statements, as described:

1. Formula’s equity shall not be lower than $ 160 million at all times.
2. The ratio of Formula’s equity to total assets will not be less than 20%.
3. The ratio of Formula’s total financial debts less cash, short-term deposits and short-term marketable securities to the annual EBITDA will not exceed 3.5

to 1.

4. The ratio of Formula’s total financial debts less cash, short-term deposits and short-term marketable securities to the total assets will not exceed 30%.
5. Formula’s  liabilities  to  banks  and  other  financial  institutions  in  its  standalone  balance  sheet  shall  not  be  higher  than NIS  450  million  (approximately

$ 115.7 million).

6. Formula will not create any pledge on all or part of its property and assets in favor of any third party and will not provide any guarantee to secure any

third party's debts as they are today and as they will be without the financial institution's consent.

7. Formula  will  not  sell  and/or  transfer  all  or  part  of  its  assets  to  others  in  any  manner  whatsoever  without  the  financial  institution’s  advance  written 

consent, unless it is done in the ordinary course of business.

In  September  2015,  Formula  concluded  a  public  offering  in  Israel  of  the  Series  A  Secured  Debentures  and  the  Series  B  Convertible  Debentures,  or

together, the New Debentures. The Debentures are listed for trading only on the TASE.

81

In  the  public  offering,  Formula  issued  and  sold  a  total  amount  of  NIS  227,260,000  ($  57.8  million)  par  value  of  the  New  Debentures,  which  were

subdivided into the following respective amounts of Secured Debentures and Convertible Debentures that are subject to the following terms:

NIS 102,260,000 ($ 26.1 million) par value of Series A Secured Debentures, bearing interest on the unpaid principal at a fixed annual rate equal to 2.8%
(which  may vary based on  the  credit rating  of the  debentures),  paid on  a  semi-annual basis  through July  2024.  The principal  is payable in eight equal  annual
installments  beginning  in  July  2017  and  ending  in  July  2024.  The  interest  rate  varies  based  on  the  credit  rating  of  the  Secured  Debentures.  The  net  proceeds
received by Formula from the issuance of Series A Secured Debentures amount to $ 25.9 million (net of issuance expenses).

NIS  125,000,000 ($  31.2  million)  par  value of  Convertible  Debentures,  at a price  per  debenture  unit  (each  unit  comprised of  NIS  1,000 par value  of
debentures)  of  NIS  1,020.  The  Convertible  Debentures  bear  interest  at  a  fixed  annual  rate  equal  to  2.74%  (which  may  vary  based  on  the  credit  rating  of  the
debentures), payable in one payment upon maturity of the Convertible Debentures on March 26, 2019 (at which time the accrued interest will constitute 10% of
the principal amount of the Convertible Debentures, in the aggregate). The Convertible Debentures are subject to conversion into the Company’s ordinary shares 
at a rate of NIS 157 ($ 40.03) par value of Convertible Debentures per one share. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment for the issuance of bonus shares,
rights and dividends. The principal amount of and interest on the Convertible Debentures is subject to adjustment based on changes in the exchange rate between
the NIS and the U.S. dollar relative to the exchange rate on September 8, 2015. The net proceeds received by Formula from the issuance of Series B convertible
Debentures amount to $ 32.1 million (net of issuance expenses).

As noted above, the Series A and B debentures contain, in addition to standard terms and obligations, the following obligations:

(cid:120)      a negative pledge, subject to certain exceptions;

(cid:120)      a  covenant  not  to  distribute  dividends  unless  (i)  shareholders  equity  (not  including  minority  interests)  shall  not  be  less  than  $250  million,  (ii)
Formula’s net financial indebtedness (financial indebtedness net of cash, marketable securities, deposits and other liquid financial instruments) shall not exceed
65% of net CAP (which is defined financial indebtedness, net, plus shareholders equity), (iii) the amount of the distributions shall be equal to profits for the years
ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 and 7% of profits accrued from January 1, 2016 until the distribution and (iv) no event of default shall have occurred.; and

(cid:120)      Financial  covenants,  including  (i)  the  equity  attributable  to  the  shareholders  of  Formula,  as  reported  in  Formula’s  annual  or  quarterly  financial 
statements, will not be less than $160 million, (ii) Formula’s net financial indebtedness (financial indebtedness net of cash, marketable securities, deposits and
other  liquid  financial  instruments)  shall  not  exceed  65%  of  net  CAP  (which  is  defined  as  financial  indebtedness,  net,  plus  shareholders  equity)  and  (iii)  at  all
times, Formula’s cash balance will not be less than the annual interest payment (compounded) for the unpaid principal amount of the Series B debentures.

We do not have material commitments for capital expenditures by Formula as of December 31, 2015 or as of the date of this annual report. In May 2016,

Formula and IAI each acquired 50% of TSG. Each of Formula and IAI paid a purchase price of $25.8 million.

We have entered into an undertaking to indemnify our office holders in specified limited categories of events and in specified amounts, subject to certain
limitations.  For  more  information,  see  “Item  7.  Major  Shareholders  and  Related  Party  Transactions—Related  Party  Transactions—Indemnification  of  Office 
Holders.”

Subsidiary Commitments

Our subsidiaries do not have any material commitments for capital expenditures as of December 31, 2015 or as of the date of this annual report.

As alluded to above (see “—Current Outlook”), the loan agreements, debentures and indentures to which we are party contain a number of conditions
and  limitations  on  the  way  in  which  we  (mainly  Matrix  and  Formula  can  operate  our  businesses,  including  limitations  on  our  ability  to  raise  debt  and  sell  or
acquire  assets  not  in  normal  business  activity.  For  example,  Matrix’s  loan  agreement  includes  a  negative  pledge  with  respect  to  Matrix’s  assets,  as  well  as 
limitations on Matrix’s ability to provide guarantees to third parties and sell or transfer its assets. Matrix’s loan agreements also contain various covenants which 
require it to maintain certain financial ratios related to shareholders’ equity and operating results that are customary for companies of comparable size.

82

Our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December 31, 2015 have provided bank guarantees aggregating to approximately $ 18.1 million as security for the
performance of various contracts with customers. If our subsidiaries and affiliates were to breach certain terms of such contracts, the customers could demand that
the banks providing the guarantees pay amounts claimed to be due.

Our subsidiaries and affilates as of December 31, 2015 have also provided additional bank guarantees aggregating to $ 4.5 million as security for rent to
be  paid  for  their  offices.  If  our  subsidiaries  and  affiliates  were  to  breach  certain  terms  of  their  leases,  the  lessors  could  demand  that  the  banks  providing  the
guarantees pay amounts claimed to be due.

Pursuant  to  the  credit  agreement  and  the  Secured  Debentures  described  above,  liens  have  been  incurred  over  a  certain  portion  of  our  investment  in

outstanding shares of Matrix, Sapiens and Magic Software.

C.

Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

The net amounts that we spent on research and development activities in 2013, 2014 and 2015 totaled $ $14.2 million, $0.8 million and $ 7.5 million,
respectively. For more information about our research and development activities, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview— Software 
Development.”

For  information  concerning  our  intellectual  property  rights,  see  “Item  4.  Information  on  the  Company— Business  Overview— Intellectual  Property 

Rights.”

D.

Trend Information

For information see discussion in Item 4. “Information on the Company-Business Overview-Industry Background and Trends” and Item 5. “Operating 

and Financial Review and Prospects - Results of Operations.”

E.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We are not a party to any off-balance sheet arrangements. In addition, we have no unconsolidated special purpose financing or partnership entities that

are likely to create material contingent obligations.

83

F.

Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

The following table  summarizes our contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2015.

Long-term debt obligations (1)
Lease obligations 
Liabilities in respect of the acquisitions of 
operations
Debentures
Uncertainties in income taxes (ASC 740) (2)
Accrued severance payments, net (3)

Total

Payments due by period

Less
than 1
year

1-3
years
(U.S. dollars, in thousands)

3-5
Years

36,378
18,611

1,193
-
-
-
56,182

60,784
16,216

12,435
41,699
-
-
131,134

30,251
8,756

-
6,522
-
-
45,559

More
than
5 years

11,810
-

-
9,827
-
-
21,637

Total

139,223
43,583

13,628
58,078
461
12,778
267,751

________________
(1)
(2)

Does not include interest.
Payment of uncertain tax benefits would result from settlements with taxation authorities. Due to the difficulty in determining the timing of settlements,
this information is not included in the above table. We do not expect to make any significant payments for these uncertain tax positions within the next
12 months.
Accrued severance payments, net relate to accrued severance obligations and notice obligations mainly to our Israeli employees as required under Israeli
labor  law  or  personal  employment  agreements.  We  are  legally  required  to  pay  severance  upon  certain  circumstances,  primarily  upon  termination  of
employment  by  our  company,  retirement  or  death  of  the  respective  employee.  Our  liability  for  all  of  our  Israeli  employees  is  fully  provided  for  by
monthly deposits with insurance policies and by an accrual.
Does not include interest.

(3)

(4)

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ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

A.

Directors and Senior Management

The following table sets forth information about our directors and senior management as of April 24, 2016.

Name

Guy Bernstein 

Asaf Berenstin

Marek Panek
Rafal Kozlowski
Dafna Cohen (1) (3)
Eli Zamir(1) (2) (3)
Iris Yahal(1) (2) (3)

Age

Position

Expiration of Current Term of
Directorship/Office

48

38

46
42
46
46
54

Chief Executive Officer 

Chief Financial Officer

Chairman of the Board of Directors
Director
Director
External director
External director

December 2019 or upon 180 days advanced written notice 
of either party
No formal arrangement regarding expiration of term of 
office
2016 annual shareholders meeting
2016 annual shareholders meeting
2016 annual shareholders meeting
December 2018
December 2018

(1)          Serves on the audit committee of our board of directors.
(2)          Serves  as  an  external  director  under  the  Companies  Law.  See  “Item  6.  Directors,  Senior  Management  and  Employees—Board  Practices—External 
Directors under the Companies Law; Audit Committee; Internal Auditor; Approval of Certain Transactions under the Companies Law,” below.
(3)          Serves on the compensation committee of our board of directors.

Guy Bernstein was appointed our Chief Executive Officer in January 2008. Mr. Bernstein served as a member of our board of directors from November
2006 to December 2008. Mr. Bernstein served as a director of Emblaze Ltd., or Emblaze, our former controlling shareholder and a publicly-traded company listed 
on the London Stock Exchange, from April 2004 until February 2011. From December 2006 to November 2010, Mr. Bernstein also served as chief executive
officer of Emblaze, and, prior thereto, from April 2004 to December 2006, as the chief financial officer of Emblaze. Mr. Bernstein serves as the chairman of the
board  of  directors  of  each  of  Matrix  and  Sapiens  and  as  chief  executive  officer  and  director  of  Magic  Software,  where  he  served  as  the  chief  financial  and
operations officer from 1999 until 2004, when he joined Emblaze. He joined Magic Software from Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer, a member of Ernst & Young
Global, where he served as senior manager from 1994 to 1997. Mr. Bernstein holds a B.A. degree in accounting and economics from Tel Aviv University and is a
certified public accountant in Israel.

Asaf Berenstin was appointed our Chief Financial Officer in November 2011. Mr. Berenstin also serves as the Chief Financial Officer of our subsidiary,
Magic Software, since April 2010. Prior to such time, beginning in August 2008, Mr. Berenstin served as Magic Software’s corporate controller. Prior to joining
our company, Mr. Berenstin served as a controller at Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd. (NASDAQ: GILT), commencing in July 2007. From October 2003 to July
2008, Mr. Berenstin practiced as a certified public accountant at Kesselman & Kesselman, a member of PriceWaterhouseCoopers. Mr. Berenstin holds a B.A.
degree in accounting and economics and an M.B.A. degree, both from Tel-Aviv University, and is a certified public accountant (CPA) in Israel.

Marek Panek has served as one of our directors since November 2010. Since January 2007 he has been the Vice President of the Board of Directors of
Asseco Poland S.A. and he is responsible for supervising the Strategy and Development Division and the EU Projects Office. Mr. Panek also holds several other
positions at Asseco and its affiliates, including Chairman of the Board of Directors of Asseco Denmark (since March 2011), Chairman of the Board of Asseco
Resovia S.A. (since August 2010), Supervisory Board Member of Asseco Central Europe, a.s .(since September 2011), Supervisory Board Member of Sintagma
UAB (since April 2011), Supervisory Board Member of Asseco Lietuva UAB (since June 2011), Supervisory Board Member of Asseco Kazahstan LLP (since
June 2014), Member of the Board of Directors of ZAO R-Style Softlab (since May 2014), Member of the Board of Directors of Peak Consulting Group ApS
(since January 2016), Supervisory Board Member of Insseco Sp. Z o.o (from February 2015 to July 2015), Supervisory Board Member of Asseco Bel LLC (from
June  2015  to  April  2016),  Supervisory  Board  Member  of  Asseco  Northern  Europe  S.A.  (2010-2013),  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Asseco  DACH  (2008-2011). 
During 2007-2008, Mr. Panek served as the Chairman of the Management Board of Asseco SEE and President of the Board of Asseco Romania. Mr. Panek first
joined  Asseco  in  1995,  having  served  in  the  following  positions  for  the  following  periods  of  time:  Marketing  Specialist  (from  September  1995  to  September
1996); Marketing Director (from October 1996 to March 2003); Sales and Marketing Director (from April 2003 to March 2004); and Member of the Board, Sales
and Marketing Director (from March 2004 to January 2007). Prior to joining Asseco, Mr. Panek was employed at the ZE Gantel Sp. z o.o. from 1993 to 1995. Mr.
Panek  graduated  from  the  Faculty  of  Mechanical  Engineering  and  Aeronautics  of  the  Rzeszów  University  of  Technology  in  1994,  having  been  awarded  a
master’s degree in engineering.

85

Rafał  Kozlowski  has  served  as  one  of  our  directors  since  August  2012.  Since  June  2012,  Mr.  Kozlowski  has  served  as  Vice  President  of  the
Management Board and Chief Financial Officer of Asseco. Mr. Kozlowski is also a member of the Asseco Group Board of Directors. From May 2008 to May
2012, Mr. Kozlowski served as Vice President of Asseco South Eastern Europe S.A. responsible for the company's financial management. Mr. Kozlowski was
directly involved in the acquisitions of companies incorporated within the holding of Asseco South Eastern Europe, as well as in the holding's IPO process at the
Warsaw  Stock  Exchange  From  1996  to  1998,  he  served  as  Financial  Director  at  Delta  Software,  and  subsequently,  from  1998  to  2003  as  Senior  Manager  at
Veraudyt.  In  the  years  2004-2006,  he  was  Head  of  Treasury  Department  at  Softbank  S.A.  where  he  was  delegated  to  act  as  Vice  President  of  Finance  at  the
company's  subsidiary  Sawan  S.A.  From  2007  through  June  2009,  he  served  as  Director  of  Controlling  and  Investment  Division  at  Asseco  Poland  S.A.  Mr.
Kozlowski graduated of the University of Warsaw, obtaining Master's degree at the Faculty of Organization and Management in 1998. He completed the Project
Management Program organized by PMI in 2004, and the International Accounting Standards Program organized by Ernst & Young Academy of Business in the
years 2005-2006.

Dafna Cohen has served as one of our directors since October 2009, as a member of our audit committee since January 2011 and as a member of our
compensation committee since July 2013. Ms. Cohen is the Head of Business Control and Investor Relations of EL-AL Israel Airlines Ltd (TASE). Ms. Cohen
has served as a member of board of directors of Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd since 2014 (NASDAQ and TASE). Ms. Cohen served as Director of Global Treasury
of MediaMind Technologies Inc. (previously NASDAQ) and as a member of Investment Committee of the Board from 2010 to 2011. Prior to that, Ms. Cohen
served as a Director of Investments and Treasurer of Emblaze Ltd. and as a member of Investment Committee of the Board from 2005 to 2009 (LSE). Prior to
that, Ms. Cohen served as an Investment Manager for Leumi Partners and as a manager at the derivatives sector of Bank Leumi. Ms. Cohen previously served as a
member  of  boards  of  directors  of XTL  Biopharmaceuticals  Ltd. (NASDAQ  and TASE)  from  2009 to  2015,  Europort Ltd.  from 2012  to  2014  (TASE)  and  of
Inventech Central Ltd from 2011 to 2012 (TASE). Ms. Cohen holds an M.B.A. in finance and accounting and a B.A. degree in economics and political science,
both from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Eli  Zamir  has  served  as  one  of  our  external  directors,  as  a  member  of  our  audit  committee  since  April  2013  and  a  member  of  our  compensation
committee since July 2013. Mr. Zamir currently serves as an independent financial advisor. From 2007 to December 2014 Mr. Zamir served as the CEO of Invest
Pro Ltd., a private investment firm. From 1995 to 2002, Mr. Zamir served as a portfolio manager and from 2002 to 2007 Mr. Zamir served as the CEO of an
underwriter. Until 2014, Mr. Zamir served as a director of Synopsis Ltd., a public company listed on the TASE. Mr. Zamir holds a B.A. degree in accounting and
finance from Tel-Aviv University and an M.B.A. degree, from Ben Gurion University.

Iris  Yahal  has  served  as  one  of  our  external  directors,  the  chairperson  of  our  audit  committee  since  April  2013  and  a  member  of  our  compensation
committee  since  July  2013.  Ms.  Yahal  is  an  independent  strategic  transaction  advisor  for  various  software,  renewable  energy,  infrastructure  and  biotech
companies  since 2007. From 1995  through  2007, Ms.  Yahal  served  as Chief  Financial  Officer of  BluePhoenix Solutions Ltd., a public  company listed  on the
NASDAQ  Global  Market  and  the  TASE.  In  addition,  from  1999  through  2007  Ms.  Yahal  served  as  a  director  of  BluePhoenix  Solutions  and  each  of  its
international subsidiaries. From 1991 until 1996, Ms. Yahal served as a controller at Argotech Ltd. which, at that time, was a wholly owned subsidiary of our
Company, operating as a start-up incubator. Prior to 1991, Ms. Yahal worked as an auditor with Wallenstein and Co., a public accounting firm. Ms. Yahal holds a
B.A. degree in accounting and statistics and an M.B.A degree in business administration, both from Tel- Aviv University and is a certified public accountant in 
Israel.

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Arrangements for the Election of Directors; Family Relationships

Asseco is our largest shareholder, holding approximately 46.3% of our outstanding share capital (which excludes shares that we have repurchased that
lack voting rights and shares subject to restrictions that are voted in proportion to the votes of our other shares. Asseco has significant influence over the election
of  the  members  of  our  board  of  directors  (other  than  our  external  directors).  Other  than  as  described  immediately  below,  there  are  no  arrangements  or
understandings with major shareholders, customers, suppliers or others pursuant to which any of our directors or members of senior management were selected as
such.

Mr. Guy Bernstein and Mr. Asaf Berenstin are first cousins. Other than such relationship, there are no family relationships among our executive officers

and directors.

B.

Compensation

Aggregate Compensation Paid to Directors and Executive Officers 

In  2015,  Formula  paid  to  its  directors  and  executive  officers,  consisting  of  the  individuals  listed  above  in  the  table  under  “—Directors  and  Senior 
Management”, direct remuneration and provided related benefits of approximately $3.2 million, in the aggregate with respect to 2015 and $ 77,000 paid in respect
of 2014. This aggregate compensation amount includes amounts set aside or accrued to provide pension, retirement or similar post-employment benefits, which 
themselves totaled less than $5,000 in 2015. In addition, Formula recorded with respect to its directors and executive officers, consisting of the individuals listed
above in the table under “—Directors and Senior Management” expenses with respect to equity based compensation in the total amount of $ 3.0 million.

The above aggregate compensation amount does not include the following:

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

expenses, including business travel, professional and business association dues and expenses, for which Formula reimburses its officers; and

other fringe benefits that companies in Israel commonly reimburse or pay to their officers,

as amounts incurred for such expenses and benefits in 2015 were paid in reimbursement of activities carried out by our directors and executive officers 

for strict business purposes in carrying out their duties on behalf of Formula and were therefore not compensatory in nature.

The above aggregate compensation amount includes payment of director’s fees. Formula compensates its external directors and other directors in 

accordance with the regulations promulgated under the Companies Law.

Summary Compensation Table

For  so  long  as  we  qualify  as  a  foreign  private  issuer,  we  are  not  required  to  comply  with  the  proxy  rules  applicable  to  U.S.  domestic  companies,
including the requirement to disclose information concerning the amount and type of compensation paid to its chief executive officer, chief financial officer and
the three other most highly compensated executive officers, rather than an aggregate, basis. Nevertheless, regulations promulgated under the Israeli Companies
Law  require  us  to  disclose  the  annual  compensation  of  our  five  most  highly  compensated  office  holders  on  an  individual  basis.  Under  the  Companies  Law
regulations, this disclosure is required to be included in the annual proxy statement for our annual meeting of shareholders each year, which we furnish to the
SEC  under  cover  of  a  Report  of  Foreign  Private  Issuer  on  Form  6-K.  Because  of  that  disclosure  requirement  under  Israeli  law,  we  are  also  including  such
information in this annual report, pursuant to the disclosure requirements of Form 20-F.

The tables below reflect the compensation granted to our five most highly compensated office holders during or with respect to the year ended December

31, 2015. All amounts reported in the table reflect the cost to the Company, as recognized in our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015.

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Compensation of Management (1)

Name and Position(2), (3)

Guy Bernstein – CEO

Salary ($)

471,125

Benefits 
And
Perquisites
($)
(4)

Variable
Compensation ($)
(6)

Equity Based
Compensation
($) (5)
(7)

(1)

 All amounts reported in the table are in terms of cost to Formula, as recorded in Formula’s financial statements. We have only one office holder who is a 
member  of  management  who  is  compensated  by  Formula.  For  disclosure  concerning  compensation  paid  by  us  to  our  remaining  four  most  highly
compensated office holders (all of whom are directors), please see the table under “Compensation of Directors” below.

(2) The executive officer listed in the table is a full-time employee or consultants of Formula. Cash compensation amounts denominated in currencies other than

the U.S. dollar were converted into U.S. dollars at the average conversion rate for 2014.

(3) Our Chief Financial Officer, Asaf Berenstin, also serves as the chief financial officer of Magic Software. Pursuant to an agreement between Magic Software
and Formula, Mr. Berenstin allocates 25%-40% of his time to Formula. Because he is not compensated by our Formula, Mr. Berenstin is not listed in this
table.

(4) Amounts reported in this column include benefits and perquisites, including those mandated by applicable law. Such benefits and perquisites may include, to
the  extent  applicable  to  the  executive  officer,  payments,  contributions  and/or  allocations  for  savings  funds,  pension,  severance,  vacation,  car  or  car
allowance,  medical  insurances  and  benefits,  risk  insurances (e.g.,  life,  disability,  accident),  convalescence  pay,  payments  for  social  security,  tax  gross-up 
payments and other benefits and perquisites consistent with the Company’s guidelines.

(5) Amounts reported in this column represent the expense recorded in our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015 with respect to equity-
based compensation. Assumptions and key variables used in the calculation of such amounts are described in paragraph (x) of Note 2  to our consolidated 
financial statements, contained elsewhere in this annual report.

(6) Under his service agreement with us, our chief executive officer, is entitled to an annual bonus in an amount equal to 3.3% of our net profit (including capital
gains) after tax. An advance of 70% of the estimated bonus with respect to each year is paid over the course of the year, divided into quarterly installments,
which is estimated based on our quarterly financial statements and is subject to final adjustment at the end of the year. 

(7)

In March 2012, concurrently with the amendment and extension of Mr. Bernstein’s service agreement as our Chief Executive Officer, our Board of Directors
awarded  him  options  exercisable  for  1,122,782  ordinary  shares  of  Formula,  which  took  the  place  of  543,840  redeemable  ordinary  shares  that  had  been
granted to him in March 2011 and had been redeemed by Formula. The exercise price of the options granted in March 2012 was NIS 0.01 per share, and the
options were exercised in their entirety in June 2013 by Mr. Bernstein. Our redemption right with respect to the ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of
these options lapses in equal quarterly installments over an eight-year period that commenced in March 2012 and concludes in December 31, 2019. This
March 2012 grant has been accounted for by Formula as a modification to the March 2011 grant to Mr. Bernstein. The total compensation expense that we
recorded in our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015 in respect of Mr. Bernstein’s March 2012 option grant (constituting his equity 
compensation for all of 2015) was $ 2.9 million.

88

Compensation of Directors

The following table sets forth information with respect to compensation of our directors (none of whom serves as an employee of our company) during

fiscal year 2015. The fees to the directors were paid by Formula.

Name and Principal Position

Marek Panek - Chairman
Rafal Kozlowski - Director
Dafna Cohen - Director
Eli Zamir - External Director
Iris Yahal - External Director

Total Fees Earned or
Paid in Cash ($)(1)

33,650
33,650
57,800
37,800
37,800

(1) All amounts reported in the table are in terms of cost to Formula, as recorded in Formula’s financial statements.

Option Grants to, and Service Agreement with, Chief Executive Officer

In January 2009, we granted to our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Guy Bernstein, in connection with his service agreement with us, options to purchase
396,000 Formula ordinary shares, exercisable at an exercise price of NIS 0.01 per share. These options were to vest over a three-year period, commencing on 
December 17, 2008, on a quarterly basis (except that they would accelerate immediately prior to the announcement of Formula’s 2010 dividend). In accordance 
with  the  accelerated  vesting  provisions  of  the  grant, Mr.  Bernstein  exercised  all  of  the  options  in  April  2010,  prior  to the distribution  by  Formula  of  its 2010
dividend. In accordance with the terms of the option grant, the shares issued upon exercise of the option were deposited with a trustee and Mr. Bernstein was not
permitted to vote or dispose of them until the shares were to be released from the trust, as described in the grant letter. In January 2011, in contemplation of our
amendment and extension of Mr. Bernstein’s service agreement with us, our board of directors determined that it was consistent with the intent of the original
grant  to  immediately  release  from  the  trust  135,960  shares  that  had  been  issued  upon  exercise,  after  the  lapse  of  two  years  since  the  option  grant  date.  As  of
December 31, 2011 the remaining 260,040 shares were fully vested, although they remained in the trust.

In March 2011, concurrently with the amendment and extension of our Chief Executive Officer’s service agreement, we granted to him options that were 
immediately exercisable for 543,840 redeemable ordinary shares of Formula. The options were to vest, i.e., our redemption right with respect to the options and
the underlying ordinary shares issuable upon exercise was to lapse, in equal quarterly installments over a four year period that commenced in December 2011 and
was to conclude in December 2015. The exercise price of the options was NIS 0.01 per share. Total fair value of the grant was calculated based on the share price
on the grant date and totaled $ 9.06 million ($ 16.65 per share). In May 2011, Mr. Bernstein exercised all of these options for redeemable shares.

In December 2011, at which time we were negotiating an amendment and extension of our Chief Executive Officer’s service agreement, we redeemed
all of the above-described 543,840 shares for no consideration. In March 2012, concurrently with the amendment and extension of our Chief Executive Officer’s 
service agreement, we approved a grant of options to him, exercisable for 1,122,782 ordinary shares of Formula as long as the Chief Executive Officer is (i) a
director of Formula and/or (ii) a director of each of the directly held subsidiaries of Formula; provided that if he fails to meet the foregoing requirement (A) due to
the request of the board of directors of either Formula or any of its directly held subsidiaries (other than a request which is based on actions or omissions by the
Chief Executive Officer that would constitute "cause" under his service agreement with Formula), (B) because the Chief Executive Officer is prohibited under the
governing law or charter documents of the relevant company or the stock exchange rules and regulations applicable to such company from being a director of
such company (other than due to his actions or omissions) or (C) notwithstanding the Chief Executive Officer’s willingness to be so appointed (but provided that 
neither (A) nor (B) applies); then, in each of (A), (B) and (C), the Chief Executive Officer will be deemed to have complied with clauses (i) or (ii) above. The
options vest, i.e., our redemption right with respect to the options and the underlying ordinary shares issuable upon exercise lapses, in equal quarterly installments
over an eight year period that commenced in March 2012 and concludes in December 2019. The exercise price of the options is NIS 0.01 per share. In accordance
with the terms of the option grant, the shares issuable upon exercise of the option will be deposited with a trustee and our Chief Executive Officer will not be
permitted to vote or dispose of them until the shares are released from the trust, as described in the grant letter.

89

In June 2013, all 1,122,782 options were exercised into ordinary shares. Such ordinary shares have been deposited with a trustee and, pursuant to the
terms of our 2011 Plan and the option agreement with respect to such options, our chief executive officer is not permitted to vote or dispose of them until the
shares are released from the trust. All shares participate in dividends and have the right to vote, however for so long as the shares are held by the trustee (even if
they have vested) the voting rights may only be exercised by the trustee. In accordance with the guidelines of our 2011 Share Incentive Plan for so long as the
shares underlying any grant under the plan are being held by the trustee they will be voted by the trustee in the same proportion as the results of the other shares
voting  in  the  shareholder  meeting.   Only  those  shares  for  which  the  vesting  period  has  expired  may  be  collected  from  the  trustee.  As  of  April  30,  2016,  all
1,122,782 shares were deposited with the trustee and 596,478 ordinary shares were vested.

Under his service agreement with us, Mr. Guy Bernstein, as our Chief Executive Officer, is entitled to a monthly salary, as well as an annual bonus in an
amount equal to 3.3% of our net profit (including capital gains) after tax. An advance of 70% of the estimated bonus with respect to each year is paid over the
course of the year, divided into quarterly installments, which is estimated based on our quarterly financial statements and is subject to final adjustment at the end
of the year.

For a description of our 2008 Share Option Plan and 2011 Share Incentive Plan pursuant to which Mr. Bernstein’s options have been granted and other
options  or  share  awards  may  be granted  from  time  to time to  our directors, executive officers,  employees  and  consultants,  see  “Item  6.E. Share Ownership—
Arrangements Involving the Issue or Grant of Options to Purchase Shares” below.

C.

Board Practices

Pursuant to our amended and restated articles of association, or our articles, directors are generally elected at the annual general meeting of shareholders
by a vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power represented at the meeting. Our existing board of directors may also appoint a new director to the board,
assuming that the then-authorized size of the board, as last approved by our shareholders, exceeds the number of directors then serving on the board, whether due
to a resignation or otherwise, in which case the newly appointed director holds office until the next annual general meeting of shareholders immediately following
such appointment. Our board is currently comprised of five persons, of which each of Dafna Cohen, Eli Zamir and Iris Yahal has been determined by the board to
be independent within the meaning of the Listing Rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market (or the NASDAQ listing rules), on which our ADSs are listed for trading.
Mr.  Zamir  and  Ms.  Yahal  serve  as  our  external  directors,  as  mandated  under  Israeli  law,  and  are  therefore  subject  to  additional  criteria  to  help  ensure  their
independence.  See  “External  Directors  Under  the  Companies  Law” below.  Each  of  our  directors,  except  for  the  external  directors,  holds  office  until  the  next
annual general meeting of shareholders and may then be re-elected. Our officers are appointed by our board of directors.

Under the Companies Law, a person who lacks the necessary qualifications and the ability to devote an appropriate amount of time to the performance of
his or her duties as a director shall not be appointed director of a publicly traded company. While determining a person’s compliance with such provisions, the
company’s  special  requirements  and  its  scope  of  business  shall  be  taken  into  consideration.  Where  the  agenda  of  a  shareholders  meeting  of  a  publicly  traded
company includes the appointment of directors, each director nominee should submit a declaration to the company confirming that he or she has the necessary
qualifications and that he or she is able to devote an appropriate amount of time to performance of his or her duties as a director. In the declaration, the director
nominee should specify his or her qualifications and confirm that the restrictions set out in the Companies Law do not apply.

90

Under the Companies Law, if a director ceases to comply with any of the requirements provided in the Companies Law, such director must immediately

notify the company, and his or her term of service shall terminate on the date of the notice.

External Directors Under the Companies Law

Under the Companies Law, companies incorporated under the laws of Israel whose shares have been offered to the public in or outside of Israel, are
required to appoint at least two external directors. This law provides that a person may not be appointed as an external director if the person is a relative of the
controlling shareholder of the company or if that person or his or her relative, partner, employer, another person to whom he or she was directly or indirectly
subject,  or  any  entity  under  the  person’s  control,  has,  as  of  the  date  of  the  person’s  appointment  to  serve  as  external  director,  or  had,  during  the  two  years
preceding that date: (a) any affiliation or other disqualifying relationship with the company, with any person or entity controlling the company or a relative of
such person, or with any entity controlled by or under common control with the company; or (b) in the case of a company with no shareholder holding 25% or
more of its voting rights, had at the date of appointment as an external director, any affiliation or other disqualifying relationship with a person then serving as
chairman of the board or chief executive officer, a holder of 5% or more of the issued share capital or voting power in the company or the most senior financial
officer. The term “affiliation” and the similar types of prohibited relationships include:

(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)

an employment relationship;
a business or professional relationship, even if not maintained on a regular basis (but excluding a de minimis level relationship);
control; and
service as an office holder.

The  term  "office  holder"  is  defined  under  the  Israeli  Companies  Law  as  a  general  manager,  chief  business  manager,  deputy  general  manager,  vice
general  manager,  any  other  person  assuming  the  responsibilities  of  any  of  these  positions  regardless  of  that  person's  title,  a  director  and  any  other  manager
directly subordinate to the general manager.

No  person  may  serve  as  an  external  director  if  the  person’s  position  or  other  business  activities  create,  or  may  create,  a  conflict  of  interest  with  the
person’s responsibilities as an external director or may otherwise interfere with the person’s ability to serve as an external director or if the person is an employee
of the Israel Securities Authority or of an Israeli stock exchange. A person may furthermore not continue to serve as an external director if he or she received,
during  his  or  her  tenure  as  an  external  director,  direct  or  indirect  compensation  from  the  company  including  amounts  paid  pursuant  to  indemnification  or
exculpation contracts or commitments and insurance coverage for his or her service as an external director, other than as permitted by the Israeli Companies Law
and the regulations promulgated thereunder. If, at the time of election of an external director, all other directors who are not the company's controlling persons or
their relatives are of the same gender, the external director to be elected must be of the other gender. A director of one company may not be appointed as an
external director of another company if a director of the other company is acting as an external director of the first company at such time.

External directors are elected by a majority vote at a shareholders’ meeting, provided that either:

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

such majority includes at least a majority of the shares held by all shareholders who are not controlling shareholders and do not have a personal
interest in the election of the external director (other than a personal interest not deriving from a relationship with a controlling shareholder) that are
voted at the meeting, excluding abstentions, to which we refer as a disinterested majority, or
the  total  number  of  shares  voted  by  non-controlling  shareholders  and  by  shareholders  who  do  not  have  a  personal  interest  in  the  election  of  the
external director against the election of the external director does not exceed two percent (2%) of the aggregate voting rights in the company.

According  to  regulations  promulgated  under  the  Israeli  Companies  Law,  a  person  may  be  appointed  as  an  external  director  only  if  he  or  she  has
professional qualifications or if he or she has accounting and financial expertise (each, as defined below). In addition, at least one of the external directors must be
determined by our board of directors to have accounting and financial expertise. A director with “accounting and financial expertise” is a director that due to his 
or  her  education,  experience and  skills has  a high  expertise  and  understanding  in  financial  and  accounting  matters  and  financial  statements,  in  such a  manner
which allows him to deeply understand the financial statements of the company and initiate a discussion about the presentation of financial data. A director is 
deemed to have “professional qualifications” if he or she either (i) has an academic degree in economics, business management, accounting, law or public service,
(ii) has an academic or other degree or has completed other higher education, all in the field of business of the company or relevant for his/her position, or (iii) has
at least five years experience serving in one of the following capacities, or at least five years of cumulative experience serving in two or more of the following
capacities: (a) a senior business management position in a company with a significant volume of business; (b) a senior position in the company's primary field of
business;  or  (c)  a  senior  position  in  public  administration  or  service.  Our  board  of  directors  has  determined  that  Ms.  Iris  Yahal  and  Mr.  Eli  Zamir  have  the
requisite professional qualifications and expertise as required of our external directors under the Companies Law.

91

An external director may be removed from office only: (i) by a court, upon determination that the external director to be so removed ceased to meet the
statutory qualifications for his or her appointment or if he or she violated his or her duty of loyalty to the company or (ii) by the same percentage of shareholders,
acting through a shareholders meeting, as is required for his or her election, if the board of directors has determined that the external director to be so removed has
ceased to meet the statutory qualifications for his or her appointment or violated his or her duty of loyalty to the company and has proposed the removal to the
shareholders. An external director who ceases to meet the conditions for his or her service as such must notify the company immediately and such service shall
cease immediately upon such notification.

The initial term of an external director is three years and may be extended by the general meeting of shareholders, for up to two additional three year
terms, provided that (i) his or her service for each such additional term is recommended by one or more shareholders holding at least 1% of the company's voting
rights and is approved at a shareholders meeting by a disinterested majority, where the total number of shares held by non-controlling, disinterested shareholders
voting for such reelection exceeds 2% of the aggregate voting rights in the company, provided that the external director and certain of his or her related parties
meet additional independence requirements; or (ii) his or her service for each such additional term is recommended by the board of directors and is approved at a
meeting  of  shareholders  by  the  same  majority  required  for  the  initial  election  of  an  external  director.  In  December  2015,  Mr.  Zamir  and  Ms.  Yahal  were
reappointed as our external directors, each to hold office until December 2018. In accordance with the regulations under the Companies Law (Relief for Public
Companies Whose Shares are Listed on a Stock Exchange Outside of Israel, 2000), dual listed companies, like us, whose securities are listed on the NASDAQ
Global Select Market or one of a number of other non-Israeli stock exchanges, may re-appoint an external director for additional three-year terms, in excess of the 
nine years as described above, if the audit committee and the board of directors confirm that, due to the expertise and special contribution of the external director
to the work of the board and its committees, his or her re-appointment is in the best interests of the company. The same special majority is required for election of
the external director for each additional three-year term.

Each committee of a company’s board of directors is required to include at least one external director and the audit committee must include all of the

external directors.

An  external  director  is  entitled  to  compensation  as  provided  in  regulations  promulgated  under  the  Companies  Law  and  is  otherwise  prohibited  from

receiving any compensation, directly or indirectly, in connection with services provided as an external director or otherwise to the company.

Following the termination of an external director’s service on a board of directors, such former external director and his or her spouse and children may
not  be  provided  a  direct  or  indirect  benefit  by  the  company,  its  controlling  shareholder  or  any  entity  under  its  controlling  shareholder’s  control,  including 
engagement to serve as an executive officer or director of the company or a company controlled by its controlling shareholder or employment by, or providing
services  to,  any  such  company  for  consideration,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  including  through  a  corporation  controlled  by  the  former  external  director.  This
restriction  extends  for  a  period  of  two  years  with  regard  to  the  former  external  director  and  his  or  her  spouse  or  child  and  for  one  year  with  respect  to  other
relatives of the former external director.

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Qualifications of Directors Generally Under the Companies Law

Under  the  Companies  Law,  the  board  of  directors  of  a  publicly  traded  company  is  required  to  make  a  determination  as  to  the  minimum  number  of
directors (not merely external directors) who must have accounting and financial expertise (according to the same criteria described above with respect to external
directors under “—External Directors Under the Companies Law”). In accordance with the Companies Law, the determination of the board should be based on,
among  other  things,  the  type  of  the  company,  its  size,  the  volume  and  complexity  of  its  activities  and  the  number  of  directors.  Based  on  the  foregoing
considerations, our board determined that the number of directors with financial and accounting expertise in our company shall not be less than one. As described
above under “—External Directors Under the Companies Law,” currently Ms. Iris Yahal and Mr. Eli Zamir have been determined by the board to possess such
accounting and financial expertise.

Unaffiliated Directors Under the Companies Law

Under  the  Companies  Law,  the  audit  committee  of  a  publicly  traded  company  must  consist  of  a  majority  of  unaffiliated  directors.  An  “unaffiliated 

director” is defined as an external director or a director who meets the following criteria:

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

he or she meets the qualifications for being appointed as an external director, except for (i) the requirement that the director be an Israeli resident
(which does not apply to companies whose securities have been offered outside of Israel or are listed outside of Israel) and (ii) the requirement for
accounting and financial expertise or professional qualifications; and
he or she has not served as a director of the company for a period exceeding nine consecutive years. For this purpose, a break of less than two years
in the service shall not be deemed to interrupt the continuation of the service.

Audit Committee

In  addition to the foregoing  requirement with respect  to  the  majority of  its members being unaffiliated directors,  the  Companies Law requires  public
companies such as ours to appoint an audit committee, comprised of at least three directors, including all of the external directors, one of whom must serve as
chairman  of  the  committee.  The  chairman  of  the  board  of  directors,  or  any  director  employed  by  or  otherwise  providing  services  on  a  regular  basis  to  the
company or to a controlling shareholder or any entity controlled by a controlling shareholder, may not be a member of the audit committee. Under the Companies
Law, our audit committee is responsible for (i) determining whether there are deficiencies in the business management practices of the company, including in
consultation with the company’s internal auditor or the independent auditor, and making recommendations to the board of directors to improve such practices, (ii)
determining  whether  to  approve  certain  related  party  transactions  ,  including  transactions  in  which  an  office  holder  has  a  personal  interest  and  whether  such
transaction is extraordinary or material, (iii) establishing the approval process (including, potentially, the approval of the audit committee) for certain transactions
with a controlling shareholder or in which a controlling shareholder has a personal interest, (iv) where the board of directors approves the working plan of the
internal auditor, examining such working plan before its submission to the board and propose amendments thereto, (v) examining the company's internal controls
and  internal  auditor's  performance,  including  whether  the  internal  auditor  has  sufficient  resources  and  tools  to  dispose  of  his  responsibilities  (taking  into
consideration  the  company's  special  needs  and  size),  (vi)  examining  the  scope  of  the  company's  auditor's  work  and  compensation  and  submitting  a
recommendation with respect thereto to the board of directors or the general meeting of shareholders, depending on which of them is considering the appointment
of our auditor and (vii) establishing procedures with respect to the handling of company employees' complaints as to the management of the company's business
and the protection to be provided to such employees. In compliance with regulations under the Companies Law, our audit committee also approves our financial
statements,  thereby  fulfilling  the  requirement  that  a  board  committee  provide  such  approval.  An  audit  committee  may  not  approve  an  action  requiring  its
approval, unless at the time of approval a majority of the committee’s members are present, of whom a majority consist of unaffiliated directors and at least one
of them is an external director.

The NASDAQ  listing rules and U.S. securities laws likewise  require that we maintain  an  audit committee, all of  whose members are independent  of
management.  In  accordance  with  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  of  2002  and  the  NASDAQ  requirements,  our  audit  committee’s  direct  responsibilities  include  the
appointment,  compensation,  retention  and  oversight  of  our  independent  auditors  (which  itself  also  requires  shareholder  ratification  under  Israeli  law).  The
committee’s U.S. and NASDAQ mandated responsibilities also include assisting the board in monitoring our financial statements and the effectiveness of our
internal controls. We have adopted a formal audit committee charter that we have implemented, embodying these responsibilities.

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Our audit committee consists of our two external directors, Mr. Eli Zamir and Ms. Iris Yahal, as well as Ms. Dafna Cohen. Each of Mr. Zamir, Ms.Yahal
and  Ms.  Cohen  qualifies  as  an  independent  director  under  both  the  NASDAQ  listing  rules  and  Rule  10A-3  of  the  Exchange  Act.  The  board  has  furthermore 
determined  that  Ms.  Cohen  is  an  “audit  committee  financial  expert” as  defined  by  applicable  SEC  regulations.  See  “Item  16A.  Audit  Committee  Financial
Expert.”

Compensation Committee and Compensation Policy

Under the Companies Law, the board of directors of a public company must appoint a compensation committee. The compensation committee must be
comprised  of  at  least  three  directors,  including  all  of  the  external  directors,  who  must  constitute  a  majority  of  the  members  of  the  compensation  committee.
However, subject to certain exceptions, Israeli companies whose securities are traded on stock exchanges such as the NASDAQ Global Select Market, and who
do  not  have  a  controlling  shareholder,  do  not  have  to  meet  this  majority  requirement;  provided,  however,  that  the  compensation  committee  meets  other
Companies  Law  composition  requirements,  as  well  as  the  requirements  of  the  jurisdiction  where  the  company's  securities  are  traded.  Each  compensation
committee member who is not an external director must be a director whose compensation does not exceed an amount that may be paid to an external director.
The  compensation  committee  is  subject  to  the  same  Israeli  Companies  Law  restrictions  as  the  audit  committee  as  to  who  may  not  be  a  member  of  the
compensation committee.

The  duties  of  the  compensation  committee  include  the  recommendation  to  the  company's  board  of  directors  of  a  policy  regarding  the  terms  of
engagement of office holders, to which we refer as a compensation policy. That policy must be adopted by the company's board of directors, after considering the
recommendations of the compensation committee, and will need to be brought for approval by the company's shareholders, which approval requires what we refer
to  as  a  Special Majority  Approval  for Compensation. A Special Majority Approval for Compensation requires  shareholder  approval  by a majority vote of the
shares present and voting at a meeting of shareholders called for such purpose, provided that either: (a) such majority includes at least a majority of the shares
held by all shareholders who are not controlling shareholders and do not have a personal interest in such compensation arrangement; or (b) the total number of
shares  of  non-controlling  shareholders  and  shareholders  who  do  not  have  a  personal  interest  in  the  compensation  arrangement  and  who  vote  against  the
arrangement does not exceed 2% of the company's aggregate voting rights.

We  adopted  a  compensation  policy  during  2013.  The  compensation  policy  serves  as  the  basis  for  decisions  concerning  the  financial  terms  of
employment or engagement of office holders, including exculpation, insurance, indemnification or any monetary payment or obligation of payment in respect of
employment or engagement. The compensation policy must relate to certain factors, including advancement of the company's objectives, the company's business
plan  and  its  long-term  strategy,  and  creation  of  appropriate  incentives  for  office  holders.  It  must  also  consider,  among  other  things,  the  company's  risk
management, size and the nature of its operations. The compensation policy must furthermore consider the following additional factors:

(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)

(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)

the knowledge, skills, expertise and accomplishments of the relevant office holder;
the office holder's roles and responsibilities and prior compensation agreements with him or her;
the relationship between the terms offered and the average compensation of the other employees of the company, including those employed through
manpower companies;
the impact of disparities in salary upon work relationships in the company;
the possibility of reducing variable compensation at the discretion of the board of directors;
the possibility of setting a limit on the exercise value of non-cash variable equity-based compensation; and
as  to  severance  compensation,  the  period  of  service  of  the  office  holder,  the  terms  of  his  or  her  compensation  during  such  service  period,  the
company's  performance  during  that  period  of  service,  the  person's  contribution  towards  the  company's  achievement  of  its  goals  and  the
maximization of its profits, and the circumstances under which the person is leaving the company.

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The compensation policy must also include the following principles:

(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)

the link between variable compensation and long-term performance and measurable criteria;
the relationship between variable and fixed compensation, and the ceiling for the value of variable compensation;
the conditions under which an office holder would be required to repay compensation paid to him or her if it was later shown that the data upon
which such compensation was based was inaccurate and was required to be restated in the company's financial statements;
the minimum holding or vesting period for variable, equity-based compensation; and

(cid:120)
(cid:120) maximum limits for severance compensation.

The  compensation  committee  is  responsible  for  (a)  recommending  the  compensation  policy  to  a  company's  board  of  directors  for  its  approval  (and
subsequent  approval  by  its  shareholders)  and  (b)  duties  related  to  the  compensation  policy  and  to  the  compensation  of  a  company's  office  holders  as  well  as
functions previously fulfilled by a company's audit committee with respect to matters related to approval of the terms of engagement of office holders, including:

(cid:120)

(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)

recommending  whether  a  compensation  policy  should  continue  in  effect,  if  the  then-current  policy  has  a  term  of  greater  than  three  (3)  years 
(approval of either a new compensation policy or the continuation of an existing compensation policy must in any case occur every three years);
recommending to the board of directors periodic updates to the compensation policy;
assessing implementation of the compensation policy; and
determining whether the compensation terms of the chief executive officer of the company need not be brought to approval of the shareholders.

Our board of directors has adopted a compensation committee charter setting forth the responsibilities of the compensation committee, which include:

(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)

the responsibilities set forth in the compensation policy;
reviewing and approving the granting of options and other incentive awards to the extent such authority is delegated by our board of directors; and
reviewing, evaluating and making recommendations regarding the compensation and benefits for our non-employee directors.

Our compensation committee consists of our two external directors, Mr. Eli Zamir and Ms. Iris Yahal, as well as Ms. Dafna Cohen. Each of the members

of our compensation committee qualifies as an independent director under the NASDAQ listing rules.

Internal Auditor

Under the Companies Law, the board of directors is required to appoint an internal auditor, nominated by the audit committee. The role of the internal
auditor is to examine, among other matters, whether the company’s actions comply with the law and orderly business procedure. Under the Companies Law, the
internal  auditor  may  be  an  employee  of  the  company  but  not  an  office  holder,  or  an  interested  party  (i.e.,  a  holder  of  5%  or  more  of  the  voting  rights  in  the
company  or  of  the  issued  share  capital,  the  chief  executive  officer  of  the  company  or  any  of  its  directors,  or  a  person  who  has  the  authority  to  appoint  the
company’s chief executive officer or any of its directors), or a relative of an office holder or of an interested party. In addition, the company’s independent auditor 
or its representative may not serve as the company’s internal auditor.

NASDAQ Exemptions for a Foreign Private Issuer

We  are  a  foreign  private  issuer  within  the  meaning  of  NASDAQ  listing  rule  5005(a)(18),  since  we  are  incorporated  in  Israel  and  we  meet  the  other
criteria  set  forth  for  a  “foreign  private  issuer” under  Rule  3b-4(c)  under  the  Exchange  Act.  Therefore,  pursuant  to  NASDAQ  listing  rule  5615(a)(3),  we  may
follow home country practice in lieu of certain provisions of the NASDAQ listing rule 5600 series and certain other NASDAQ listing rules. Please see “Item 16G. 
Corporate Governance” below for a description of the manner in which we rely upon home country practice in lieu of complying with certain NASDAQ listing
rules.

95

Exculpation, Insurance and Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Our office holders consist of the individuals listed in the table under “Directors and Senior Management,” which is displayed under “Item 6. Directors, 
Senior Management and Employees.” Under the Companies Law, an Israeli company may not exempt an office holder from liability with respect to a breach of
his or her duty of loyalty, but may exempt in advance an office holder from his or her liability to the company, in whole or in part, with respect to a breach of his
duty of care, provided, however, that such a breach is not related to a distribution of a dividend or any other distribution by the company.

Office Holders’ Insurance. Our articles provide that, subject to the provisions of the Companies Law, we may enter into a contract for the insurance of

the liability of any of our office holders imposed on the office holder in respect of an act performed in his or her capacity as an office holder, with respect to:

(cid:120)        a breach of his duty of care to us or to another person;
(cid:120)        a breach of his duty of loyalty to us, provided that the office holder acted in good faith and had reasonable cause to assume that his act would not

prejudice our interests; or

(cid:120)        a financial liability imposed upon him in favor of another person.

We have obtained an insurance policy covering the Formula Group’s directors’ and officers’ liability. Our subsidiaries and affiliated company participate 

in the premium payments of the insurance, on a proportional basis. The total premium we paid during 2015 was approximately $ 149,260.

Indemnification of Office Holders. Our articles provide that we may indemnify an office holder in respect of an obligation or expense imposed on or

expended by an office holder in respect of an act performed in his capacity as an office holder as specified below:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

a financial obligation imposed on him in favor of another person by any judgment, including a settlement or an arbitrator’s award approved by a 
court;

reasonable litigation expenses, including attorney’s fees, expended by the office holder as a result of an investigation or proceeding instituted
against him by a competent authority, provided that such investigation or proceeding concluded without the filing of an indictment against him,
and either (i) concluded without the imposition of any financial liability in lieu of criminal proceedings; or (ii) concluded with the imposition of
a financial liability in lieu of criminal proceedings but relates to a criminal offense that does not require proof of criminal intent;

reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys’ fees, expended by the office holder or charged to him by a court, in proceedings instituted
against him by another person, or in a criminal charge from which he was acquitted or in any criminal proceedings of a crime which does not
require proof of criminal intent;

expenses, including reasonable litigation expenses and legal fees, incurred by an office holder as a result of a proceeding instituted against such
office  holder  in  relation  to  (1)  infringements  that  may  impose  financial  sanction  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  Chapter  H’3  under  the  Israeli 
Securities Law, which we refer to as the Securities Law, or (2) administrative infringements pursuant to the provisions of Chapter H’4 under the 
Securities Law or (3) infringements pursuant to the provisions of Chapter I’1 under the Securities Law; and

(v)

payments made by the office holder to an injured party for damages suffered under Section 52(54)(a)(1)(a) of the Securities Law.

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We  may  undertake  to  indemnify  an  office  holder  as  aforesaid,  (a)  prospectively,  provided  that  in  respect  of  (i)  above,  the  undertaking  is  limited  to
categories of events that in the opinion of our board of directors are foreseeable in light of our actual operations at the time that the undertaking to indemnify is
given, and to the amounts or criteria that our board of directors deems reasonable under the circumstances, and further provided that such events and amount or
criteria are set forth in the undertaking to indemnify, but in any event no more than 25% of Formula’s shareholders equity according to its most recent financial 
statements as of the date of the actual payment of indemnification; and (b) retroactively.

Limitations on Exemption, Insurance and Indemnification. The Companies Law provides that a company may not indemnify an office holder, enter into

an insurance contract which would provide coverage for any monetary liability, or exempt an office holder from liability, with respect to any of the following:

(cid:120)

(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)

a breach by the office holder of his duty of loyalty unless the office holder acted in good faith and had a reasonable basis to believe that the act
would not prejudice the company;
a breach by the office holder of his duty of care if the breach was done intentionally or recklessly, except for a breach that was made in negligence;
any act or omission done with the intent to derive an illegal personal benefit;
any fine levied against the office holder; or
a counterclaim made by the company or in its name in connection with a claim against the company filed by the office holder.

In addition, under the Companies Law, indemnification of, and procurement of insurance coverage for, our office holders must be approved by our audit

committee and our board of directors and, in specified circumstances, by our shareholders.

We  have  entered  into  undertakings  to  indemnify  our  office  holders  in  specified  limited  categories  of  events  and  in  specified  amounts,  subject  to  the
limitations set by the Companies Law and our articles, as described above. For more information, see “Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions – Indemnification of 
Office Holders.”

Directors’ Severance Benefits Upon Termination of Employment

We  have  not  entered  into  any  service  contracts  with  any  members  of  our  board  of  directors  that  provide  for  specific  benefits  upon  termination  of
employment, as none of our directors is employed by us or otherwise subject to a consulting or similar contract with us that provides benefits upon termination of
employment or service. The only severance pay benefits that we provide are provided to employees as required under Israeli law and are described below in the
section titled “Employees”.

D.

Employees

The table below sets forth the average number of employees employed by us, as allocated (i) among our four significant subsidiaries through December

31, 2015 and (ii) by geographical area of employment, during each of the last three fiscal years:

Matrix
Magic Software
Sapiens
Insync
Total

2013

2014

2015

6,518
1,302
938
-
8,758

7,260
1,181
1,017
650-
10,108

7,644
1,203
1,573
561
10,981

With respect to our employees in Israel, we are subject to various Israeli labor laws and labor practices, and to administrative orders extending certain
provisions  of  collective  bargaining  agreements  between  the  Histadrut  (Israel’s  General  Federation  of  Labor)  and  the  Coordinating  Bureau  of  Economic
Organizations  (the  Israeli  federation  of  employers’ organizations)  to  all  private  sector  employees.  For  example,  mandatory  cost  of  living  adjustments,  which
compensate Israeli employees for a portion of the increase in the Israeli consumer price index, are determined, from time to time, on a nationwide basis. Israeli
law also requires the payment of severance benefits upon the termination, retirement (in some instances) or death of an employee. We meet this requirement by (i)
contributing  on  an  ongoing  basis  towards  “managers’ insurance” funds  that  combine  pension,  insurance  and,  if  applicable,  severance  pay  benefits  and  (ii)
payment of differences, if applicable. In addition, Israeli employers and employees are required to pay specified percentages of wages to the National Insurance
Institute.  Other  provisions  of  Israeli  law  or  regulation  govern  matters  such  as  the  length  of  the  workday,  minimum  wages,  other  terms  of  employment  and
restrictions on discrimination.

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We are also subject to the labor laws and regulations of other jurisdictions in the world where we have employees.

E.

Share Ownership

As of April 30, 2016, none of our directors or officers owned any shares of our company (whether actual ordinary shares or shares issuable upon exercise
of options), except for Mr. Guy Bernstein, our Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. Asaf Berenstin, as described below. None of the ordinary shares beneficially
owned by Mr. Bernstein have voting rights different from those possessed by other holders of Formula’s ordinary shares.

At the current time, based on information he has provided to us, Mr. Guy Bernstein owns 260,040 of Formula’s ordinary shares, and furthermore holds
the above 1,122,782  shares, which were issued ot him upon the exercise of options granted to him in March 2012 (as described above under “Item 6. Directors, 
Senior Management and Employees— B. Compensation— Option Grants to, and Service Agreement with, Chief Executive Officer”) and of which as of April 30, 
2016, 596,478  are vested and the remainder are subject to restrictions.

At the current time, based on information he has provided to us, Mr. Asaf Berenstin owns 10,000 of Formula’s ordinary shares, which were granted to
him in November 2014 (as described on Note 13(b)  to our consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this annual report) and of which as of April
30, 2016, 3,125 are vested and the remainder are subject to restrictions.

Arrangements Involving the Issue or Grant of Options to Purchase Shares

Formula’s 2008 Share Option Plan

In March 2008, our shareholders approved the adoption of Formula’s 2008 Employee and Office Holders Share Option Plan, which we refer to as the
2008  Plan.  Pursuant  to  the  2008  Plan,  we  may  grant  from  time  to  time  to  our  and  our  subsidiaries’ employees  and  office  holders  (which  are  not  Formula’s 
controlling shareholders) options to purchase up to 400,000 ordinary shares of Formula. The 2008 Plan is administered by our board of directors. The 2008 Plan
provides that options may be granted, from time to time, to such grantees to be determined by our board of directors, at such exercise prices and under such terms
as shall be determined by the board at its sole and absolute discretion. Options may be granted under the 2008 Plan through January 2018.

Of the options available for grant under the 2008 Plan, we granted, in January 2009, options to purchase 396,000 ordinary shares to our Chief Executive
Officer,  each  exercisable  at  an  exercise  price  of  NIS  0.01.  (Please  see  “Item  6.  Directors,  Senior  Management  and  Employees— B.  Compensation— Option 
Grants to, and Service Agreement with, Chief Executive Officer” for a description of that grant.) As of April 30, 2015, options to purchase 4,000 shares remain
available for future grants under the 2008 Plan.

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Formula’s 2011 Share Incentive Plan

In March 2011, our board of directors adopted Formula’s 2011 Share Incentive Plan, which we refer to as the 2011 Plan. Pursuant to the 2011 Plan, we
may grant from time to time to our and our subsidiaries’ employees, office holders (which are not Formula’s controlling shareholders) and consultants options to 
purchase, share based awards or restricted shares with respect to, up to an aggregate of 545,000 ordinary shares of Formula. The 2011 Plan is administered by our
board of directors. The 2011 Plan provides that options, restricted shares or other stock-based awards may be granted, from time to time, to such grantees to be
determined by our board of directors, at such exercise prices and with such vesting or other terms as shall be determined by the board at its sole and absolute
discretion. Options may be granted under the 2011 Plan through March 2021.

In March 2012, our board of directors increased the amount of ordinary shares reserved for issuance under the 2011 Share Incentive Plan by 1,200,000

shares.

Of the options available for grant under the 2011 Plan, we approved the grant, in March 2011, of options to purchase 543,840 ordinary shares to our
Chief Executive Officer, each to be exercisable for no consideration and, in March 2012, we approved the grant of options to purchase 1,122,782 ordinary shares
to  our  Chief  Executive  Officer,  each  to  be  exercisable  for  NIS  0.01  per  share.  (Please  see  “Item  6.  Directors,  Senior  Management  and  Employees— B. 
Compensation— Option Grants to, and Service Agreement with, Chief Executive Officer” for a description of that grant.)

On November 13, 2014, our board of directors approved the grant of 10,000 restricted shares to our chief financial officer under the 2011 Plan. These
restricted  shares  vest  on  a  quarterly  basis over  a  four-year  period,  commencing  on  November  13,  2014  and  concluding on  November  13, 2018,  provided  that
during such time the chief financial officer will continue to serve as (i) an officer of Formula and/or (ii) an officer in one of the directly held affiliates, except that
if he fail to meet the service condition due to the request of the board of directors of either Formula or any of its directly held affiliates (other than a termination of
his provision of services  which  is based on actions  or omissions  by him  that will  constitute “cause” under his grant  agreement  with  Formula); then, the  chief 
financial officer will be deemed to have complied with clauses (i) or (ii) above. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a change of control of Formula occurs, then all
unvested restricted shares will immediately become vested.

As of April 30, 2016, options to purchase 68,378  shares remain available for future grants under the 2011 Plan.

Option Plans of Our Subsidiaries

Our  subsidiaries  generally  have  share  option  plans  pursuant  to  which  qualified  directors,  employees  and  consultants  may  be  granted  options  for  the

purchase of securities of the subsidiaries.

ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

A.

Major Shareholders

The following table presents information regarding the beneficial ownership (as defined in Form 20-F promulgated by the SEC) of Formula’s ordinary 
shares as of April 30, 2016 by each person known to us to be the beneficial owner of 5% or more of Formula’s ordinary shares based on information provided to 
us by our shareholders or disclosed in public filings with the SEC. Percentages expressed in the below table are based on 14,728,782 ordinary shares outstanding
as of April 30, 2016 (which includes ordinary shares subject to restrictions and repurchase by us). Ordinary shares represented by ADSs are included both in the
number  of  our  outstanding  ordinary  shares  and  in  determining  the  beneficial  ownership  of  any  particular  shareholder  or  group  of  shareholders.  None  of  the
holders  of  the  ordinary  shares  listed  in  the  below  table  has  voting  rights  different  from  other  holders  of  Formula’s  ordinary  shares.  Except  where  indicated
otherwise, we believe, based on information furnished by these owners, that each of the beneficial owners of Formula’s shares listed below has sole investment
and voting power with respect to such shares.

99

Name
Asseco Poland S.A. (3)
Guy Bernstein(4)
Menora Mivtachim Holdings Ltd.(5)
All directors and executive officers as a group (6 persons)

* Less than 1%

Number of Ordinary
Shares
Beneficially Owned (1)

Percentage of Ownership
(2)

6,823,602
856,518
757,552(4)
716,795(6)

46.3%
5.8%
5.2%
5.8%

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and generally includes voting or investment
power  with  respect  to  securities.  Ordinary  shares  relating  to  options  currently  exercisable  or  exercisable  within  60  days  of  the  date  of  this  table  are
deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of the person holding such securities but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of
any other person. Except as indicated by footnote, and subject to community property laws where applicable, the persons named in the table above have
sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them.

The percentages shown are based on 14,728,782  ordinary shares issued and outstanding as of April 30, 2015.

Based on the Schedule 13D filed by Asseco with the SEC on December 6, 2010. Due to the public ownership of its shares, Asseco is not controlled by
any other corporation or any one individual or group of shareholders.

Includes 856.518 ordinary shares held in trust for Mr. Bernstein. In April 2010, Mr. Bernstein, the Company's Chief Executive Officer, exercised options
to purchase 260,040 ordinary shares previously granted to him, in connection with his service agreement. In accordance with the terms of the grant, all
260,040 ordinary shares are currently deposited with a trustee and Mr. Bernstein is not permitted to vote or dispose of them until the shares are released
from the trust, upon Mr. Bernstein’s request. Furthermore, in March 2012, concurrently with the amendment and extension of Mr. Bernstein’s service 
agreement,  we  approved  a  grant  of  options  to  him,  exercisable  for  1,122,782  ordinary  shares,  subject  to  certain  vesting  conditions.  In  June  2013,  all
1,122,782 options were exercised into shares however they have been deposited per the grant agreement with a trustee. In accordance with the terms of
that  second option grant,  the  shares  issuable  upon exercise of  the  option  have  be  deposited with a  trustee  and Mr.  Bernstein  will  not be permitted  to
dispose of them until the shares are released from the trust, as described in the grant letter. Furthermore, Mr. Bernstein has granted a voting proxy to
Asseco in respect of these ordinary shares. As of April 30, 2016, 596,478 of such ordinary shares have vested and may be released to Mr. Bernstein upon
his request. Because of the foregoing limitations on voting and investment power, other than the 856,518 which may be released to Mr. Bernstein on
request, none of the ordinary shares held by Mr. Bernstein are deemed to be beneficially owned by him.

Based  on  Amendment  No.  2  to  the  Schedule  13G  filed  by  Menora  Mivtachim  Holdings  Ltd.,  or  Menora  Holdings  on  February  16,  2016.  Menora
Holdings is a holding company publicly-traded on the TASE. 61.986% of Menora Holdings’ outstanding shares are held directly and indirectly by the 
family of Menachem Gurevitch, 2.76% are held by other affiliates of Menora Holdings and 38.135% are publicly held. Such ordinary shares are held for
members of the public through, among others, provident funds and/or mutual funds and/or pension funds and/or index-linked securities and/or insurance 
policies,  which  are  managed  by  subsidiaries  of  Menora  Holdings,  each  of  which  subsidiaries  operates  under  independent  management  and  makes
independent voting and investment decisions.

(6)

Includes options held in trust for Guy Bernstein, our Chief Executive Officer, as described in Note 3 above and 3,125 shares, which is the vested portion
of the aggregate of 10,000 restricted shares granted to Mr. Asaf Berenstin, as of April 30, 2016.

100

As of April 30, 2016, 14,728,782 ordinary shares were issued and outstanding, which excludes 24,780 ordinary shares that we purchased during 2002
and 543,840 that we purchased during 2011. On May 7, 2016, we had two shareholders of record, one of which was a United States record holder. The number of
record holders is not representative of the number of beneficial holders of our ordinary shares, as the shares of all shareholders (including shares represented by
ADSs) are  recorded in the  name of  our Israeli share registrar, Israel  Discount  Bank  Limited’s registrar company. All of our  ordinary shares  (including  shares 
represented by ADSs) have equal voting rights. However, under applicable Israeli law, the shares that we have repurchased and currently hold have no voting
rights and, therefore, are excluded from the number of our outstanding shares.

As of April 30, 2016, 191,690  ADSs were issued and outstanding pursuant to a depositary agreement with The Bank of New York Mellon, representing
approximately 1.3% of our ordinary shares. As of that date, there were approximately 15 registered holders of our ADSs, of whom 12 record holders were United
States residents. Such number of record holders is not representative of the actual number of beneficial holders of our ADSs in the United States.

We are unaware of any arrangements which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of Formula.

B.

Related Party Transactions

Indemnification of Office Holders

We  have  undertaken  to  indemnify  each  of  our  office  holders.  Our  office  holders’ indemnification  letters  provide,  among  other  things,  that  we  will 
indemnify each of our office holders to the maximum extent permitted by our articles. Advance payments for coverage of legal expenses in criminal proceedings
will be required to be repaid by an office holder to the company if such office holder is found guilty of a crime which requires proof of criminal intent, or if it is
determined that the office holder is not lawfully entitled to such indemnification.

All of the indemnification letters granted to our office holders are identical, including indemnification letters granted to office holders who are or may be

considered “controlling persons” under the Companies Law.

The indemnification is limited to the expenses and matters detailed in the indemnification letters insofar as they result from an office holder’s actions in 
connection  with,  among  other  things,  the  following  matters:  the  offering  of  securities  by  us  to  the  public  or  to  private  investors;  the  offer  by  us  to  purchase
securities from the public, private investors or other holders, whether pursuant to a prospectus, agreement, notice, report, tender or any other proceeding; our labor
relations and/or employment matters and our trade relations; the development or testing of products developed by us, or the distribution, sale, license or use of
such products; and occurrences in connection with investments made by us.

Our undertaking for indemnification is limited to up to 25% of our shareholders’ equity as it appears in our latest financial statements known at the date

of indemnification, calculated with respect to each director and officer of Formula.

Our undertaking for indemnification shall not apply to a liability incurred as a result of any of the following:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

a breach by an office holder of his or her fiduciary duty, except, to the extent permitted by law, for a breach while acting in good faith and
having reasonable cause to assume that the action was in our best interest;

a grossly negligent or intentional violation of the office holder’s duty of care;

an intentional action in which the office holder intended to reap a personal gain illegally;

a fine, civil fine or financial sanction levied against and/or imposed upon the office holder;

101

(v)

(vi)

a  proceeding  instituted  against  the  office  holder  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  Chapter  H’3,  H’4  or  I’1  under  the  Securities  Law,  except  as
otherwise permitted in the undertaking; or

a counterclaim brought by us or in our name in connection with a claim against us filed by the office holder, other than by way of defense or by
way of third party notice in connection with a claim brought against the office holder by us, or in specific cases in which our board of directors
has approved the initiation or bringing of such suit by the office holder, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld.

We shall not be required to indemnify an office holder, if the office holder, or anyone on his or her behalf, already received payment in respect of a
liability subject to indemnification, under an effective insurance coverage or an effective indemnification arrangement with a third party, provided, however, that
if such payment made to the office holder does not cover the entire liability subject to the indemnification, we shall indemnify the office holder in respect of the
difference between the amount paid to the office holder and the liability subject to the indemnification.

Office Holders’ Insurance

We  have  obtained  an  insurance  policy  covering  the  Formula  Group’s  directors’ and  officers’ liability.  Our  subsidiaries  participate  in  the  premium 

payments of the insurance, on a proportional basis. The total premium Formula paid during 2015 was approximately $149,260.

Service Agreement with our Chief Executive Officer

We are party to a written service agreement with our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Guy Bernstein, which was entered into in December 2008 and was
amended in March 2011 and in March 2012 and has a term of eighty- four (84) months from the date of such last amendment. This agreement provides for early
termination  by  either  side  upon  180  days  advanced  written  notice,  during  which  time  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  will  continue  to  receive  service  fees.  This
agreement furthermore contains customary provisions regarding nondisclosure, confidentiality of information and assignment of inventions.

Option Agreement with our Chief Executive Officer

For  a  description  of  the  option  agreement  with  our  Chief  Executive  Officer,  please  see  “Item  6.B.  Compensation  – Option  Grants  to,  and  Service 

Agreement with, Chief Executive Officer.”

Acquisition of Insseco

The description of our affiliated company Sapiens’ acquisition of Insseco from Asseco, the majority shareholder of our company, in August 2015, set
forth in Item 4.A “History and Development of the Company— Capital Expenditures and Divestitures since January 1, 2013”, is incorporated by reference herein.
Under the share purchase agreement for that acquisition, Asseco committed to assign all customer contracts to Insseco that relate to the intellectual property that
Sapiens acquired as part of the acquisition. In the event that Asseco cannot obtain the consent of any customer to the assignment of its contract to Insseco, Asseco
will hold that customer’s contract in trust for the benefit of Insseco. Under that arrangement, in 2015, Insseco invoiced Asseco in a back-to-back manner for all 
invoices issued by Asseco on Insseco’s behalf to customers under those contracts that were not yet assigned by Asseco to Insseco.

Services Obtained from Asseco

During  2015,  Asseco  provided  back-office  services  to  Sapiens  wholly-owned  subsidiary,  Insseco,  in  an  amount  totaling  approximately  $1.7  million.

Please see Note 12 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 18 of this annual report for further information.

102

Other Transactions

From  time  to  time,  in  our  ordinary  course  of  business,  we  engage  in  non-material  transactions  with  our  subsidiaries  and  affiliates  where  the  amount
involved in, and the nature of, the transactions are not material to any party to the transaction. We believe that these transactions are made on an arms’ length 
basis upon terms and conditions no less favorable to us, our subsidiaries and affiliates, as we could obtain from unaffiliated third parties. If we engage with our
subsidiaries and affiliates in transactions which are not in the ordinary course of business, we receive the approvals required under the Companies Law. These
approvals include audit committee approval, board approval and, in certain circumstances, shareholder approval. See “Item 6.C. Board Practices.”

C.

Interests of Experts and Counsel

Not applicable.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

A.

Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

Financial Statements

Our consolidated financial statements and other financial information are incorporated herein by reference to “Item 18. Financial Statements” below.

Export Sales

In 2015, 30.0 % of our revenues originated from customers located outside of Israel. For information on our revenues breakdown by geographic market

for the past three years, see “Item 4.—Information on the Company— Business Overview— Geographical Distribution of Revenues.”

Legal Proceedings

In August 2009, a software company and one of its owners filed an arbitration proceeding against Magic Software and one of its subsidiaries, claiming
an  alleged  breach  of  a  non-disclosure  agreement  between  the  parties.  The  plaintiffs  sought  damages  in  the  amount  of  approximately  NIS  52.0  million
(approximately $13.4 million). The arbitrator determined that both Magic Software and its subsidiary breached the non-disclosure agreement. In January 2015 the
arbitrator rendered his ruling and determined that Magic Software should pay damages to the plaintiffs. The group’s Equity in gains of affiliated companies, net
includes a net impact of $0.7 million resulting from the arbitration. In December 2015, the same software company filed a motion to appoint another arbitrator to
the  district  court  in  Tel  Aviv  in  order  to  sue  Magic  Software  for  additional  damages.  The  court  decided  against  Magic  Software’s  position,  and  appointed  an 
arbitrator. In April 2016, Magic Software submitted a motion to overrule the District's court to the Supreme Court. Magic Software is now waiting for a decision.

On September 10, 2014, a motion for certification of a class action (together with a statement of claim) was filed by an alleged shareholder of Formula's
subsidiary  Matrix  against Matrix  and  Matrix's  directors  and  chief  executive  officer, and  against  Formula, as  Matrix’s  controlling  shareholder. The 
motion included  a  claim  for  damages  caused, according  to  the  alleged  shareholder, to  the  shareholders  of  Matrix  as  a  result  of  the  publication  of  financial
statements that included misleading information, which, according to the applicant, have a significant impact on Matrix’s results of operations, a breach of the
duty  of  disclosure  under  Israeli  securities  laws  and  negligent  supervision  over  the  financial  statements, based  on  reports  regarding  the  correction  of  errors
discovered in the financial statements of Matrix. On January 13, 2015, the applicant filed an amended request, which included, among other things, a financial
expert opinion and an increase to the amount of the claim in accordance with the above request, with the losses to the applicant estimated to be NIS 0.2 million
and the losses of the entire group estimated to be NIS 41.0 million (approximately $ 10.5 million).   On January 26, 2016, a ruling of the court confirming the 
agreed withdrawal request which was submitted in October 2015, rejecting the plaintiff's personal claim, and ordered to delete the entire certificate request. The
court  also  partially  approved  the  agreement  between  the  parties  for  payment  of  fees  and  reimbursement  of  expenses  and  attorneys`  fees.  The  amounts  are
immaterial for the Company.

103

On August 27, 2015, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sapiens was summoned to a hearing at a court in Amsterdam in connection with a claim initiated
against it by one of its customers. Although the software system provided by the subsidiary has been used by the customer since 2008, the customer now claims
that the software system furnished to the customer did not comply with the requirements of the customer and that the subsidiary failed to correct errors in the
software systems in accordance with the service level agreement between the parties. The remedies sought by the customer are (i) termination of all contracts with
the  subsidiary  and  (ii)  refund  of  all  amounts  paid  by  the  customer  to  the  subsidiary  under  the  foregoing  contracts  plus  damages  in  an  aggregate  amount  of
approximately €21.5 million.

As of the date of publication of these financial statements, Sapiens is examining together with its advisors the foregoing claim, the obligations of the
subsidiary under the contracts with the customer (including limitations on liability thereunder) and the availability of insurance coverage with respect to the claim.
Sapiens has included in its financial statements a provision which reflects the current estimate of the potential outcome of the foregoing claim.

Other  than  the  foregoing,  we  are  not  involved  in  any  proceedings  in  which  any  of  our  directors,  members  of  our  senior  management  or  any  of  our
affiliates is either a party adverse to us or to our subsidiaries or has a material interest adverse to us or to our subsidiaries. Other than the foregoing, we are also
not involved in any proceedings which may have, or have had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial position or profitability, except as described
below.

From  time  to  time,  we  are  subject  to  legal,  administrative  and  regulatory  proceedings,  claims,  demands  and  investigations  in  the  ordinary  course  of
business,  including  claims  with  respect  to  intellectual  property,  contracts,  employment  and  other  matters.  We  apply  ASC  450,  “Contingencies,” and  accrue  a 
liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required in the
determination of both the probability and as to whether a loss is reasonably estimable. These accruals are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the
impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. We intend to vigorously
defend ourselves against the above claims, and we generally intend to vigorously defend any other legal claims to which we are subject. While for most litigation,
the outcome is difficult to determine, to the extent that there is a reasonable possibility that the losses to which we may be subject could exceed the amounts (if
any) that it has already accrued, we attempt to estimate such additional loss, if reasonably possible, and disclose it (or, if it is an immaterial amount, indicate
accordingly). The aggregate provision that we have recorded for all other legal proceedings (other than the particular material proceeding described above) is not
material.  Furthermore,  in  respect  of  our  ordinary  course  legal,  administrative  and  regulatory  proceedings  (i.e.,  other  than  the  particular  material  proceeding
described above), we estimate, in accordance with the procedures described above, that as of the current time there is no reasonable possibility that we will incur
material losses exceeding the non-material amounts already recognized.

Dividend Policy

Under  Formula’s  dividend  policy  adopted  by  its  board  of  directors,  sums  that  are  not  planned  to  be  used  for  investments  in  the  near  future  may  be
distributed to its shareholders as a cash dividend, to the extent that our performance allows such distribution. In the three most recent fiscal years, Formula has
made the following distributions:

In January 2016, Formula declared a cash dividend to its shareholders, to be paid in February 2016, of $0.34 per share. The aggregate amount distributed 

by Formula was approximately $5.0 million.

In June 2015, Formula declared a cash dividend to its shareholders, to be paid in August 2015, of $0.34 per share. The aggregate amount distributed by

Formula was approximately $5.0 million.

104

In  December  2014,  Formula  declared  a  cash  dividend  to  its  shareholders,  to  be  paid  in  February  2014,  of  $0.535  per  share.  The  aggregate  amount

distributed by Formula was approximately $7.9 million.

In June 2014, Formula declared a cash dividend to its shareholders to be paid in July 2014, of $0.48 per share. The aggregate amount distributed by

Formula was approximately $7.1 million.

In  December  2013,  Formula  declared  a  cash  dividend  to  its  shareholders,  to  be  paid  on  February  2014,  of  $0.31  per  share.  The  aggregate  amount

distributed by Formula was approximately $4.6 million.

In June 2013, Formula declared a cash dividend to its shareholders to be paid in July 2013, of $0.37 per share. The aggregate amount distributed by

Formula was approximately $5.4 million.

In September 2012, Magic Software’s board of directors also adopted a policy for distributing dividends, under which Magic Software will distribute a
dividend  of  up  to  50%  of  its  annual  distributable  profits  each  year,  subject  to  any  applicable  law.  It  is  possible  that  Magic  Software’s  board  of  directors  will 
decide, subject to the conditions stated above, to declare additional dividend distributions. Magic Software’s board of directors may at its discretion and at any 
time, change, whether as a result of a one-time decision or a change in policy, the rate of dividend distributions or determine not to distribute a dividend.

In August 2010, Matrix ‘s board of directors decided to change Matrix dividend distribution policy whereby every year, Matrix will distribute a dividend

at a rate of 75% (instead of 50% before) of its annual net income. The dividend is to be distributed on a quarterly basis.

Under Israeli law, dividends may be paid by an Israeli company only out of profits and other surplus as calculated under Israeli law, as of the end date of
the most recent financial statements or as accrued over a period of two years, whichever amount is greater, and provided that there is no reasonable concern that
payment  of  a  dividend  will  prevent  the  company  from  satisfying  its  existing  and  foreseeable  obligations  as  they  become  due.  See  “Item  10.  Additional 
Information—Memorandum and Articles of Association—Dividend and Liquidation Rights” below for more information.

B. Significant Changes

Since the date of our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report, there has not been a significant change in our company.

ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING

A. Offer and Listing Details

Price Range of Ordinary Shares

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the reported high and low closing sale prices of our ordinary shares on the TASE in NIS and
U.S. dollars. U.S. dollar per ordinary share amounts are calculated using the U.S. dollar representative rate of exchange as reported by the Bank of Israel on each
respective date.

Annual:
2016 (through April 30, 2016)
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011

Quarterly:
Second Quarter 2016 (through April 30, 2016)
First Quarter 2016
Fourth Quarter 2015
Third Quarter 2015
Second Quarter 2015
First Quarter 2015
Fourth Quarter 2014
Third Quarter 2014
Second Quarter 2014
First Quarter 2014
Fourth Quarter 2013
Third Quarter 2013
Second Quarter 2013
First Quarter 2013

Most Recent Six Months:
April 2016
March 2016
February 2016
January 2016
December 2016

NIS
Price Per
Ordinary Share

U.S.$
Price Per
Ordinary Share

High

Low

High

Low

92.33
136.2
114.10
94.99
69.21
75.57

127.6
124.9
122.6
136.2
116.90
106.80
99.96
105.00
114.10
107.90
94.99
91.90
83.5
71.17

127.60
124.90
121.10
111.00
111.50

127.6
81.00
83.70
57.89
54.41
65.61

123.00
92.33
99.41
107.1
101.90
81.00
83.70
89.90
98.19
86.87
80.23
80.05
68.29
57.89

114.00
112.00
96.11
92.33
99.41

33.95
35.64
33.79
26.64
17.88
19.78

33.95
32.29
31.00
35.64
30.30
27.98
27.41
29.85
33.79
31.03
26.64
25.46
22.80
19.50

33.95
30.79
30.50
27.89
28.44

23.54
20.47
21.02
16.22
13.55
17.17

30.00
23.54
25.29
26.00
26.06
20.47
21.02
25.89
28.56
24.48
21.79
21.70
19.07
16.22

30.00
28.87
24.56
23.55
25.29

November 2016

116.90

106.00

30.21

27.02

105

Price Range of American Depositary Shares

The  following  table  sets  forth,  for  the  periods  indicated,  the  reported  high  and  low  closing  sale  prices  of  our  ADSs  on  the  NASDAQ  Global  Select

Market in U.S. dollars.

Annual:
2016 (through April 24, 2015)
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011

Quarterly:
Second Quarter 2015 (through April 30, 2015)
First Quarter 2015
Fourth Quarter 2014
Third Quarter 2014
Second Quarter 2015
First Quarter 2015
Fourth Quarter 2014
Third Quarter 2014
Second Quarter 2014
First Quarter 2014
Fourth Quarter 2013
Third Quarter 2013
Second Quarter 2013
First Quarter 2013

Most Recent Six Months:
April 2016
March 2016
February 2016
January 2016
December 2015
November 2015

106

U.S.$
Price Per
ADS

High

Low

33.95
35.64
33.79
26.64
17.88
20.49

33.95
32.29
31.00
35.64
30.30
27.98
27.41
29.85
33.79
31.03
26.64
25.46
22.80
19.50

33.95
30.79
30.50
27.89
28.44
30.21
28.44

23.54
20.47
21.02
16.22
17.04
11.14

30.00
23.54
25.29
26.00
26.06
20.47
21.02
25.89
28.56
24.48
21.79
21.70
19.07
16.22

30.00
28.87
24.56
23.55
25.29
27.02
25.29

B.

Plan of Distribution

Not applicable.

C.

Markets

Since our initial public offering in 1991, our ordinary shares have been traded in Israel on the TASE under the symbol “FORT.” No U.S. trading market 

exists for the ordinary shares. Since October 1997, our ADSs have been traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, under the symbol “FORTY.”

D.

Selling Shareholders

Not applicable.

E.

Dilution

Not applicable.

F.

Expenses of the Issue

Not applicable.

ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

A.

Share Capital

Not applicable.

B.

Memorandum and Articles of Association

We are registered with the Israeli Companies Registrar under the number 52-003669-0. Our objects are specified in our memorandum of association. 

These objects include:

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

operating within the field of informational and computer systems;

providing management, consulting and sale services for computers, computer equipment, software for computers and for information systems;

107

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

operating a business of systems analysis, systems programming and computer programming; and

establishing facilities for instruction and training for computers and digital systems.

Description of Our Share Capital

Our company’s authorized share capital consists solely of ordinary shares. No preferred shares are currently authorized. Our articles do not restrict in any
way the ownership of our ordinary shares by non-residents of Israel, except that these restrictions may exist with respect to citizens of countries which are in a
state of war with Israel.

Dividend and Liquidation Rights

Our board of directors is authorized to declare dividends, subject to the provisions of the Companies Law. Dividends on our ordinary shares may be paid
only out of profits and other surplus, as defined in the Companies Law, as of the end date of the most recent financial statements or as accrued over a period of
two years, whichever amount is greater. Alternatively, if we do not have sufficient profits or other surplus, we may seek permission to effect a distribution by
order  of  an  Israeli  court.  In  any  event,  our  board  of  directors  is  authorized  to  declare  dividends,  provided  there  is  no  reasonable  concern  that  a  dividend  will
prevent us from satisfying our existing and foreseeable obligations as they become due. Dividends may be paid in cash or in kind. We may invest or use for our
own benefit all unclaimed dividends. If a dividend remains unclaimed for seven years from the date on which we declared it, it lapses and reverts back to us. Our
board of directors can nevertheless cause us to pay the dividend to a holder who would have been entitled had the dividend not reverted back to us. In case of the
liquidation of our company, after satisfying liabilities to creditors, our assets will be distributed to the holders of ordinary shares in proportion to their holdings.
This right may  be  affected by the grant of a preferential dividend or distribution rights to the holders  of a class  of shares with preferential rights that may be
authorized in the future. Under the Companies Law, the declaration of a dividend does not require the approval of the shareholders of the company, unless the
company’s articles of association require otherwise. Our articles provide that our board of directors may declare and pay dividends without any action required by
our shareholders.

Redemption Provisions

In accordance with our articles, we may issue redeemable shares and accordingly redeem those shares.

Voting, Shareholder Meetings and Resolutions

Holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to one vote for each ordinary share held on all matters submitted to the vote of shareholders. These voting
rights may be affected by the grant of any special voting rights to the holders of a class of shares with preferential rights that may be authorized in the future.
Under the Companies Law, shares held by our company are not entitled to any rights so long as they are held by the company.

Under the Companies Law and our articles, we must hold an annual general meeting of our shareholders once a year with a maximum period of fifteen
months between the meetings, while under NASDAQ listing rule 5620(a), we must hold the meeting within one year after our fiscal year-end (which is December 
31st). All meetings of shareholders other than annual general meetings are considered special general meetings. Our board of directors may call a special general
meeting whenever it decides it is appropriate. In addition, shareholders representing 5% of the outstanding share capital may require the board of directors to call
a special general meeting. Under our articles, the quorum required for a general meeting of shareholders consists of two or more holders present in person or by
proxy who hold or represent at least 25% of the voting power. We have opted out of the NASDAQ listing rule 5620(c) requirement that a quorum must constitute
at  least  33.33%  of  our  outstanding  share  capital  (see  “Item  16G.  Corporate  Governance” below).  A  meeting  adjourned  for  a  lack  of  a  quorum  generally  is
adjourned to the same day in the following week at the same time and place or any time and place as the chairman of the meeting may decide with the consent of
the holders of a majority of the voting power represented at the meeting in person or by proxy and voting on the question of adjournment. At the reconvened
meeting, if a quorum is not present within one-half hour from the time designated for holding the meeting, the required quorum will consist of two shareholders
present in person or by proxy, regardless of the percentage of our outstanding ordinary shares or voting power held by them.

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Under the Companies Law, unless otherwise provided in the articles or applicable law (including the Companies Law), all resolutions of the shareholders
require a simple majority. Those matters that constitute exceptions to the simple majority approval rule under the Companies Law are described below in this
Item 10.B under “—Approval of Certain Transactions Under the Companies Law.”

Approval of Certain Transactions Under the Companies Law

The Companies Law codifies the fiduciary duties that office holders, including directors and executive officers, owe to a company. An office holder’s 
fiduciary  duties  consist  of  a  duty  of  care  and  a  duty  of  loyalty.  The  duty  of  loyalty  includes  (i)  avoiding  any  conflict  of  interest  between  the  office  holder’s 
position in the company and his or her personal affairs, (ii) avoiding any competition with the company, (iii) avoiding exploiting any business opportunity of the
company in order to receive personal advantage for himself or others, and (iv) revealing to the company any information or documents relating to the company’s 
affairs which the office holder has received due to his or her position as an office holder.

The Companies Law requires that an office holder of a company promptly disclose any personal interest that he or she may have and all related material
information known to him or her, in connection with any existing or proposed transaction by the company. An interested office holder's disclosure must be made
promptly and in any event no later than the first meeting of the board of directors at which the transaction is considered. A personal interest, as defined under the
Companies Law, includes any personal interest held by the office holder’s spouse, siblings, parents, grandparents or descendants; spouse’s descendants, siblings 
or parents; and the spouses of any of the foregoing, and also includes any interest held by any corporation in which the office holder owns 5% or more of the
share  capital,  is  a  director  or  general  manager  or  in  which  he  or  she  has  the  right  to  appoint  at  least  one  director  or  the  general  manager.  A  personal  interest
furthermore includes the personal interest of a person for whom the office holder holds a voting proxy or the interest of the office holder with respect to his or her
vote on behalf of the shareholder for whom he or she holds a proxy even if such shareholder itself has no personal interest in the approval of the matter.

Under the Companies Law, an extraordinary transaction is defined as a transaction not in the ordinary course of business, not on market terms, or that is

likely to have a material impact on the company’s profitability, assets or liabilities.

If it is determined that an office holder has a personal interest in a transaction, approval by the board of directors is required for the transaction, unless
the company's articles of association provide for a different method of approval. Further, so long as an office holder has disclosed his or her personal interest in a
transaction, the board of directors may approve an action by the office holder that would otherwise be deemed a breach of his or her duty of loyalty. However, a
company may not approve a transaction or action that is not in the company's interest or that is not performed by the office holder in good faith. An extraordinary
transaction in which an office holder has a personal interest requires approval first by the company's audit committee and subsequently by the board of directors.
The  compensation  of,  or  an  undertaking  to  indemnify  or  insure,  an  office  holder who  is  not  a  director  requires  approval  first  by  the  company's compensation
committee,  then  by  the  company's  board  of  directors.  If  such  compensation  arrangement  or  an  undertaking  to  indemnify  or  insure  is  inconsistent  with  the
company's stated compensation policy, or if the office holder is the chief executive officer (apart from a number of specific exceptions), then such arrangement is
further subject to a Special Majority Approval for Compensation. Arrangements regarding the compensation, indemnification or insurance of a director require
the approval of the compensation committee, board of directors and shareholders by ordinary majority, in that order, and under certain circumstances, a Special
Majority Approval for Compensation.

An  office  holder  who  has  a  personal  interest  in  a  matter  that  is  considered  at  a meeting  of  the  board  of  directors  or  the  audit  committee  may  not  be
present at the meeting or vote on the matter, subject to certain exceptions, including an allowance for him or her to be present in order to present the transaction, if
the chairman of the audit committee or board of directors (as applicable) determines that such presentation by him or her is necessary. If the majority of the board
members or members of the audit committee, as applicable, have a personal interest in a transaction, they may all be present for the presentation of, and voting
upon, the transaction, but it must also then be approved by the shareholders of the company.

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The Companies Law applies the same disclosure requirements to a controlling shareholder of a public company, which includes a shareholder that holds
25% or more of the voting rights in the company if no other shareholder owns more than 50% of the voting rights in the company. Extraordinary transactions with
a controlling shareholder or in which a controlling shareholder has a personal interest, or a transaction with a controlling shareholder or his or her relative, directly
or indirectly, including for receipt of services from an entity controlled by him or her (or his or her relative), and the terms of engagement and compensation of a
controlling  shareholder  who  is  an  office  holder  or  an  employee  of  the  company,  require  the  approval  of  the  audit  committee,  the  board  of  directors  and  the
shareholders of the company. The shareholder approval must include the holders of a majority of the shares held by all shareholders who have no personal interest
in the transaction and are voting on the subject matter (with abstentions being disregarded) or, alternatively, the total shares of shareholders who have no personal
interest in the transaction and who vote against the transaction must not represent more than two percent (2%) of the voting rights in the company. To the extent
that any such transaction with a controlling shareholder is for a period extending beyond three years, approval is required once every three years, unless the audit
committee  determines  that  the  duration  of  the  transaction  is  reasonable  given  the  circumstances  related  thereto.  In  certain  cases  provided  in  regulations
promulgated under the Companies Law, shareholder approval is not required.

The  approvals  of  the  board  of  directors  and  shareholders  are  required  for  a  private  placement  of  securities  (or  a  series  of  related  private  placements

during a 12-month period or that are part of one continuous transaction or transactions conditioned upon each other) in which:

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

the securities issued represent at least 20% of the company’s actual voting power prior to the issuance of such securities, and such issuance increases
the relative holdings of a 5% shareholder or causes any person to become a 5% shareholder, and the consideration in the transaction (or a portion
thereof) is not in cash or in securities listed on a recognized stock exchange, or is not at a fair market value; or

a person would become, as a result of such transaction, a controlling shareholder of the company.

Further, under the Companies Law (as described under “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees— Board Practices— External Directors 
Under  the  Companies  Law”),  the  appointment  of  external  directors  requires,  in  addition  to  a  majority  of  the  ordinary  shares  voting  and  approving  the
appointment, that either (a) the approving majority must include a majority of the shares of shareholders that are not controlling shareholders of the company and
who  do  not  have  a  personal  interest  in  the  election  of  the  external  director  (other  than  a  personal  interest  not  deriving  from  a  relationship  with  a  controlling
shareholder) and who are present and voting (with abstentions being disregarded), or (b) the shares of such non-controlling, non-interested shareholders that vote 
against the appointment may not constitute more than two percent (2%) of our total voting rights. In addition, as described below (see “—Modification of Class 
Rights” in this Item 10.B), under our articles, the alteration of the rights, privileges, preferences or obligations of any class of our share capital requires a simple
majority of the class so affected), in addition to the ordinary majority of all classes of shares voting together as a single class at a shareholder meeting.

A  further  exception  to  the  simple  majority  shareholder  vote  requirement  is  a  resolution  for  the  voluntary  winding  up,  or  other  reorganization  of,  the
company pursuant to Section 350 of the Companies Law, which requires the approval of holders of 75% of the voting rights represented at the meeting, in person,
by proxy or by voting deed and voting on the resolution, provided that such shareholders constitute more than 50% of the shareholders voting on such matter.

Shareholder Duties

Under the Companies Law, a shareholder has a duty to act in good faith towards the company in which he holds shares and towards other shareholders

and to refrain from abusing his power in the company including voting in the general meeting of shareholders on:

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(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

any amendment to the articles of association;

an increase of the company’s authorized share capital;

a merger; or

approval of actions of office holders in breach of their duty of loyalty and of interested party transactions.

A shareholder has the general duty to refrain from depriving rights of other shareholders. Any controlling shareholder, any shareholder who knows that it
possesses the power to determine the outcome of a shareholder vote and any shareholder that, under the provisions of the articles of association, has the power to
appoint an office holder in the company, is under a duty to act in fairness towards the company. The rules pertaining to a breach of contract apply to a breach of
the  duty  to  act  in  fairness,  mutatis  mutandis,  bringing  into  account  the  shareholder’s  position  in  the  company.  The  Companies  Law  does  not  describe  the
substance of this duty.

Transfer of Shares

Fully paid ordinary shares are issued in registered form and may be freely transferred under our articles unless the transfer is restricted or prohibited by

another instrument.

Modification of Class Rights

Under our articles, the rights attached to any class unless otherwise provided by the terms of the class including voting, rights to dividends and the like,
may be varied by adoption of the necessary amendment to the articles, provided that the affected shareholders approve the change by a class meeting in which a
simple majority of the voting power of the class represented at the meeting and voting on the matter approves the change.

Election of Directors

Our ordinary shares do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors. As a result, the holders of ordinary shares that represent more than
50% of the voting power represented at a shareholders meeting and voting on the matter (disregarding abstentions), have the power to elect all of our directors,
other  than  the  external  directors  who  are  appointed  by  a  special  majority  of  shareholders.  For  a  summary  of  the  provisions  of  our  articles  that  govern  our
directors, see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees.”

Anti-Takeover Provisions; Mergers and Acquisitions Under Israeli Law

Mergers

The Companies Law permits merger transactions if approved by each party’s board of directors and shareholders. In order for shareholder approval to be
obtained for a merger, a majority of the shares present and voting, excluding shares held by the other party to the merger, or by any person holding at least 25% of
the means of control of the other party to the merger, or anyone acting on behalf of either of them, including any of their affiliates, must be voted in favor of the
merger. If, however, the merger involves a merger with a company’s own controlling shareholder or if the controlling shareholder has a personal interest in the
merger,  then  the  merger  is  instead  subject  to  the  same  special  majority  approval  that  governs  all  extraordinary  transactions  with  controlling  shareholders  (as
described above in this Item 10 under “—Approval of Certain Transactions Under the Companies Law”). In the event that the merger transaction has not been 
approved by either of the above-described special majorities (as applicable), the holders of at least 25% of the voting rights of the company may apply to a court
for approval of the merger. The court may approve the merger if it is found that the merger is fair and reasonable, taking into account the value of the parties to
the merger and the consideration offered to the shareholders. Upon the request of a creditor of either party to the proposed merger, the court may delay or prevent
the merger. A merger may not be consummated unless at least 50 days have passed from the time that a proposal for approval of the merger has been filed with
the Israeli Registrar of Companies and 30 days have passed from the date of the approval of the shareholders of the merging companies.

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The Companies Law further provides that the foregoing approval requirements will not apply to shareholders of a wholly-owned subsidiary in a rollup 

merger transaction, or to the shareholders of the acquirer in a merger or acquisition transaction if:

(cid:120)       the transaction does not involve an amendment to the acquirer’s memorandum or articles of association;

(cid:120)       the  transaction  does  not  contemplate  the  issuance  of  more  than  20%  of  the  voting  rights  of  the  acquirer  which  would  result  in  any  shareholder

becoming a controlling shareholder; and

(cid:120)       there is no “cross ownership” of shares of the merging companies, as described above.

Tender Offers

The Companies Law provides that an acquisition of shares of a public company must be made by means of a tender offer if as a result of the acquisition,
the purchaser would become a holder of 25% or more of the voting rights in the company. This rule does not apply if there is already another holder of 25% or
more of the voting rights in the company. Similarly, the Companies Law provides that an acquisition of shares in a public company must be made by means of a
tender offer if as a result of the acquisition the purchaser would become a holder of more than 45% of the voting rights of the company, if there is no other holder
of more than 45% of the voting rights of the company.

The foregoing provisions do not apply to:

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

a private placement in which the company’s shareholders approved such holder owning 25% or more of the voting rights in the company (if there is no
other shareholder that holds 25% or more of the voting rights in the company); or more than 45% of the voting rights in the company (if there is no other
shareholder that holds more than 45% of the voting rights in the company); or

a purchase from an existing holder of 25% or more of the voting rights in the company that results in another person becoming a holder of 25% or more
of the voting rights in the company or a purchase from an existing holder of more than 45% of the voting rights in the company that results in another
person becoming a holder of more than 45% of the voting rights in the company.

Regulations  adopted  under  the  Companies  Law  provide  that  these  tender  offer  requirements  do  not  apply  to  companies  whose  shares  are  listed  for
trading only outside of Israel or have been publicly offered only outside of Israel if, according to the law in the country in which the shares are traded, including
the rules and regulations of the stock exchange on which the shares are traded, there is either a limitation on acquisition of any level of control of the company, or
the acquisition of any level of control requires the purchaser to do so by means of a tender offer to the public.

The Companies Law also provides that if following any acquisition of shares, the acquirer holds 90% or more of the company’s shares or of a class of 
shares, the acquisition must be made by means of a tender offer for all of the target company’s shares or all of the shares of the class, as applicable, not held by 
the acquirer. An acquirer who wishes to eliminate all minority shareholders must do so by way of a tender offer and hold, following consummation of the tender
offer, more than 95% of all of the company’s outstanding shares (and provided that a majority of the offerees that do not have a personal interest in such tender
offer  shall  have  approved  it,  which  condition  shall  not  apply  if,  following  consummation  of  the  tender  offer,  the  acquirer  holds  at  least  98%  of  all  of  the
company’s  outstanding  shares).  If,  however,  following  consummation  of  the  tender  offer  the  acquirer  would  hold  95%  or  less  of  the  company’s  outstanding 
shares, the acquirer may not acquire shares tendered if by doing so the acquirer would own more than 90% of the shares of the target company. Appraisal rights
are available with respect to a successfully completed full tender offer for a period of six months after such completion, although the acquirer may provide in the
tender offer documents that a shareholder that accepts the offer may not seek appraisal rights.

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C.

Material Contracts

Please see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – B. Liquidity and Capital Resources – Company Commitments” for a description of 
our loan agreement with an Israeli institutional investor and the terms of the debentures we issued in September 2015 and “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management
and Employees— B. Compensation— Option Grants to, and Service Agreement with, Chief Executive Officer” for a description of our service agreement with 
our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Guy Bernstein. Beyond those agreements, Formula is not party to, and has not been party to in the last two years, any material
contract entered into outside of the ordinary course of business. In addition, while our subsidiaries are party and have been party in the last two years to numerous
contracts with customers, resellers and distributors, such contracts are entered into in the ordinary course of business. Furthermore, we do not deem any other
individual contract entered into by any of our subsidiaries outside of the ordinary course of business (such as investment or acquisition agreements) during the last
two years to be material to us.

D.

Exchange Controls

Under current Israeli regulations, we may pay dividends or other distributions in respect of our ordinary shares either in Israeli or non-Israeli currencies. 
If we make these payments in Israeli currency, they will be freely converted, transferred and paid in non-Israeli currencies at the rate of exchange prevailing at the 
time of conversion. We expect, therefore, that dividends, if any, that we pay to holders of ADSs, will be paid in dollars, net of conversion expenses, expenses of
the depositary for our ADSs, the Bank of New York Mellon, and Israeli income taxes (if applicable). Because exchange rates between the NIS and the dollar
fluctuate continuously, a U.S. shareholder will be subject to the risk of currency fluctuations between the date when we declare NIS-denominated dividends and 
the date when we pay them in NIS. See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors.”

Non-residents of Israel may freely hold and trade our ADSs or ordinary shares pursuant to the general permit issued under the Israeli Currency Control
Law, 1978. Neither our articles nor the laws of the State of Israel restrict in any way the ownership of our ordinary shares by non-residents, except that these 
restrictions may exist with respect to citizens of countries that are in a state of war with Israel.

E.

Taxation

The following is a short summary of the material provisions of the tax environment to which shareholders may be subject. This summary is based on the
current  provisions  of  tax  law.  To  the  extent  that  the  discussion  is  based  on  new  tax  legislation  that  has  not  been  subject  to  judicial  or  administrative
interpretation, we cannot assure you that the views expressed in the discussion will be accepted by the appropriate tax authorities or the courts.

The summary does not address all of the tax consequences that may be relevant to all holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs in light of each holder’s 
particular circumstances and specific tax treatment. For example, the summary below does not address the tax treatment of residents of Israel and traders in
securities who are subject to specific tax regimes. As individual circumstances may differ, holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs should consult their own tax
adviser as to the United States, Israeli or other tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of ordinary shares and ADSs. The following is not
intended, and should not be construed, as legal or professional tax advice and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations. Each individual should consult
his or her own tax or legal adviser.

Israeli Taxation Considerations for Our Shareholders

Tax Consequences Regarding Disposition of Our ADSs or Ordinary Shares

Israeli law generally imposes a capital gain tax on the sale of any capital assets by residents of Israel, as defined for Israeli tax purposes, and on the sale
of assets located in Israel, including shares of Israeli companies, by both residents and non-residents of Israel, unless a specific exemption is available or unless a
tax  treaty  between  Israel  and  the  shareholder’s  country  of  residence  provides  otherwise.  The  Tax  Ordinance  distinguishes  between  “Real  Capital  Gain” and 
“Inflationary  Surplus”.  The  Inflationary  Surplus  is  a  portion  of  the  total  capital  gain  which  is  equivalent  to  the  increase  of the  relevant  asset’s  purchase  price 
which  is  attributable  to  the  increase  in  the  Israeli  consumer  price  index  or,  in  certain  circumstances,  a  foreign  currency  exchange  rate,  between  the  date  of
purchase and the date of sale. The Real Capital Gain is the excess of the total capital gain over the Inflationary Surplus.

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Israeli Resident Individuals

As of January 1, 2006, the tax rate applicable to Real Capital Gain derived by Israeli individuals from the sale of shares which had been purchased on or
after January 1, 2003, whether or not listed on a stock exchange, is 20% unless such shareholder claims a deduction for interest and linkage differences expenses
in connection with the purchase and holding of such shares, in which case the gain will generally be taxed at a rate of 25%. Additionally, if such a shareholder is
considered a substantial shareholder (i.e., a person who holds, directly or indirectly, alone or together with another, 10% or more of any of the company’s “means 
of control” (including, among other things, the right to receive profits of the company, voting rights, the right to receive the company’s liquidation proceeds and 
the right to appoint a company director)) at the time of sale or at any time during the preceding 12-month period, such gain will be taxed at the rate of 25%. 
Individual shareholders dealing in securities in Israel are taxed at their marginal rates applicable to business income (up to 48% in 2014).

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the capital gain tax rate applicable to individuals was raised from 20% to 25% from 2012 and onwards (or from 25% to
30% if the selling individual shareholder is a substantial shareholder at any time during the 12-month period preceding the sale and/or claims a deduction for 
interest and linkage differences expenses in connection with the purchase and holding of such shares). With respect to assets (not shares that are listed on a stock
exchange) purchased on or after January 1, 2003, the portion of the gain generated from the date of acquisition until December 31, 2011 will be subject to the
previous capital gain tax rates (20% or 25%) and the portion of the gain generated from January 1, 2012 until the date of sale will be subject to the new tax rates
(25% or 30%).

Israeli Resident Corporations

Under current Israeli tax legislation, the tax rate applicable to Real Capital Gain derived by Israeli resident corporations from the sale of shares of an

Israeli company is the general corporate tax rate. As described above, the corporate tax rate was 26.5% in 2015 and from 2016 and onwards is 25%.

Non-Israeli Residents

Israeli capital gain tax is imposed on the disposal of capital assets by a non-Israeli resident if such assets are either (i) located in Israel; (ii) shares or
rights to shares in an Israeli resident company; or (iii) represent, directly or indirectly, rights to assets located in Israel, unless a tax treaty between Israel and the
seller’s country of residence provides otherwise. As mentioned above, Real Capital Gain derived by a company is generally subject to tax at the corporate tax rate
(26.5% in 2015 and 25% in 2016 and thereafter) or, if derived by an individual, at the rate of 25% (for assets other than shares that are listed on stock exchange –
20% for the portion of the gain generated up to December 31, 2011) or 30% (for any asset other than shares that are listed on stock exchange – 25% with respect 
to  the  portion  of  the  gain  generated  up  to  December  31,  2011),  if  generated  from  the  sale  of  an  asset  purchased  on  or  after  January  1,  2003.  Individual  and
corporate shareholders dealing in securities in Israel are taxed at the tax rates applicable to business income (a corporate tax rate for a corporation and a marginal
tax rate of up to 48% for an individual in 2015).

Notwithstanding the foregoing, shareholders that are non-Israeli residents (individuals and corporations) are generally exempt from Israeli capital gain
tax on any gains derived from the sale, exchange or disposition of shares publicly traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange or on a recognized stock exchange
outside of Israel, provided, among other things, that (i) such gains are not derived through a permanent establishment that the non-Israeli resident maintains in 
Israel, (ii) the shares were purchased  after  being listed on  a recognized  stock  exchange,  and  (iii) with  respect  to  shares  listed on a recognized stock exchange
outside of Israel, such shareholders are not subject to the Israeli Income Tax Law (Inflationary Adjustments) 5745-1985. However, non-Israeli corporations will 
not  be  entitled  to  the  foregoing  exemptions  if  Israeli  residents  (a)  have  a  controlling  interest  of  25%  or  more  in  such  non-Israeli  corporation,  or  (b)  are  the
beneficiaries of or are entitled to 25% or more of the revenues or profits of such non-Israeli corporation, whether directly or indirectly. Such an exemption is not
applicable to a person whose gains from selling or otherwise disposing of the shares are deemed to be business income.

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In addition, a sale of shares by a non-Israeli resident may also be exempt from Israeli capital gain tax under the provisions of an applicable tax treaty. For
example,  under  the  U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty,  which  we  refer to  as the U.S-Israel  Treaty,  the  sale,  exchange  or  disposition  of shares  of an Israeli  company by  a
shareholder who is a U.S. resident (for purposes of the U.S.-Israel Treaty) holding the shares as a and is entitled to claim the benefits afforded to such person by
the treaty, is generally exempt from Israeli capital gains tax unless either (i) the shareholder holds, directly or indirectly, shares representing 10% or more of the
voting  capital  during  any  part  of  the  12-month  period  preceding  such  sale,  exchange  or  disposition,  subject  to  certain  conditions;  (ii)  the  shareholder,  if  an
individual,  has  been  present  in Israel  for  a  period  or  periods  of  183  days  or  more  in  the  aggregate  during  the  applicable  taxable  year;  or  (iii)  the  capital  gain
arising from such sale is attributable to a permanent establishment of the shareholder which is maintained in Israel. In each case, the sale, exchange or disposition
of such shares would be subject to Israeli tax, to the extent applicable; however, under the U.S.-Israel Treaty, a U.S. resident would be permitted to claim a credit 
for the Israeli tax against the U.S. federal income tax imposed with respect to the sale, exchange or disposition, subject to the limitations in U.S. laws applicable
to foreign tax credits. The U.S-Israel Treaty does not provide such credit against any U.S. state or local taxes.

In some instances where our shareholders may be liable for Israeli tax on the sale of their Ordinary Shares, the payment of the consideration may be
subject to the withholding of Israeli tax at source. Shareholders may be required to demonstrate that they are exempt from tax on their capital gains in order to
avoid withholding at source at the time of sale. Specifically, in transactions involving a sale of all of the shares of an Israeli resident company, in the form of a
merger  or  otherwise,  the  Israel  Tax  Authority  may  require  from  shareholders  who  are  not  liable  for  Israeli  tax  to  sign  declarations  in  forms  specified  by  this
authority or obtain a specific exemption from the Israel Tax Authority to confirm their status as non Israeli resident, and, in the absence of such declarations or
exemptions, may require the purchaser of the shares to withhold taxes at source.

Taxes Applicable to Dividends

Israeli Resident Shareholders

Israeli Resident Individuals. Israeli residents who are individuals are generally subject to Israeli income tax for dividends paid on our ordinary shares and
ADSs (other than bonus shares or share dividends) at 25%, or 30% if the recipient of such dividend is a substantial shareholder at the time of distribution or at any
time during the preceding 12-month period. However, dividends distributed from taxable income accrued during the benefits period of benefit of an Approved
Enterprise, Beneficiary Enterprise or Preferred Enterprise are subject to withholding tax at the rate of 15% (and 20% with respect to Preferred Enterprise), subject
to certain conditions. An average rate will be set in case the dividend is distributed from mixed types of income (regular and Approved/ Beneficiary/ Preferred
income).

Israeli Resident Corporations. Generally, Israeli resident corporations are generally exempt from Israeli corporate tax on the receipt of dividends paid on
our ordinary shares and ADSs. However, dividends distributed from taxable income accrued during the benefits period of an Approved Enterprise or Beneficiary
Enterprise are subject to withholding tax at the rate of 15%, if the dividend is distributed during the tax benefit period under the Investment Law or within 12
years after that period.

Non-Israeli Resident Shareholders

Non-Israeli residents (whether individuals or corporations) are generally subject to Israeli income tax on the receipt of dividends paid for publicly traded
shares, like our ordinary shares and ADSs, at the rate of 25% or 30% (if the dividend recipient is a substantial shareholder, at the time of distribution or at any
time during the preceding 12-month period), or 15% if the dividend is distributed from income attributed to an Approved Enterprise or a Beneficiary Enterprise
(and  20%  with  respect  to  a  Preferred  Enterprise).  Such  dividends  are  generally  subject  to  Israeli  withholding  tax  at  a  rate  of  25%  so  long  as  the  shares  are
registered with a Nominee Company (whether the recipient is a substantial shareholder or not), and 15% if the dividend is distributed from income attributed to an
Approved Enterprise or a Beneficiary Enterprise (and 20% if the dividend is distributed from income attributed to a Preferred Enterprise), unless a reduced rate is
provided under  an applicable tax treaty (subject to the receipt in advance of a valid certificate from the Israel Tax Authority  allowing for a reduced tax rate).
Under the U.S-Israel Treaty, the maximum rate of tax withheld at source in Israel on dividends paid to a holder of our ordinary shares and ADSs who is a U.S. 
resident (for purposes of the U.S.-Israel Treaty) is 25%. However, generally, the maximum rate of withholding tax on dividends, not generated by our Approved
or Beneficiary Enterprises, as applicable, that are paid to a U.S. corporation holding at least 10% or more of our outstanding voting capital from the start of the
tax year preceding the distribution of the dividend through (and including) the distribution of the dividend, is 12.5%, provided that no more than 25% of our gross
income for such preceding year consists of certain types of dividends and interest. Notwithstanding the foregoing, dividends distributed from income attributed to
an Approved Enterprise or a Beneficiary Enterprise are subject to a withholding tax rate of 15% for such a U.S. corporate shareholder, provided that the condition
related to our gross income for the previous year (as set forth in the previous sentence) is met. If the dividend is attributable partly to income derived from an
Approved  Enterprise,  a  Beneficiary  Enterprise  or  a  Preferred  Enterprise,  and  partly  to  other  sources  of  income,  the  withholding  rate  will  be  a  blended  rate
reflecting the relative portions of the two types of income. U.S residents who are subject to Israeli withholding tax on a dividend may be entitled to a credit or
deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes in the amount of the taxes withheld, subject to detailed rules contained in United States tax legislation.

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A  non-Israeli  resident  who  receives  dividends  from  which  tax  was  withheld  is  generally  exempt  from  the  obligation  to  file  tax  returns  in  Israel  with
respect to such income, provided that (i) such income was not generated from business conducted in Israel by the taxpayer, and (ii) the taxpayer has no other
taxable sources of income in Israel with respect to which a tax return is required to be filed.

Excess Tax

Individuals who are subject to tax in Israel are also subject to an additional tax at a rate of 2% on annual income exceeding NIS 810,720 for 2015, which

amount is linked to the annual change in the Israeli consumer price index, including, but not limited to, dividends, interest and capital gain.

United States Federal Income Tax Considerations

The following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of the ordinary
shares or ADSs by U.S. Holders (as defined below) that hold such ordinary shares or ADSs as capital assets. This discussion is based on the Internal Revenue
Code,  or  the  Code,  the  regulations  of  the  U.S.  Department  of  the  Treasury  issued  pursuant  to  the  Code,  or  the  Treasury  Regulations,  and  administrative  and
judicial  interpretations  thereof,  all  as  in  effect  on  the  date  hereof  and  all  of  which  are  subject  to  change,  possibly  with  retroactive  effect,  or  to  different
interpretation.  It  is  also  based  in  part  on  representations  by  the  depositary  and  assumes  that  each  obligation  under  the  deposit  agreement  and  any  related
agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms.

This discussion does not address all of the tax consequences that may be relevant to specific U.S. Holders in light of their particular circumstances or to
U.S. Holders subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax law (such as banks, insurance companies, tax-exempt entities, retirement plans, regulated
investment companies, partnerships, dealers in securities, brokers, real estate investment trusts, certain former citizens or residents of the United States, persons
who acquire ordinary shares or ADSs as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion transaction or other integrated investment, persons that have a “functional currency”
other than the U.S. dollar, persons that own (or are deemed to own, indirectly or by attribution) 10% or more of our outstanding voting shares or persons that
generally  mark  their  securities  to  market  for  U.S.  federal  income  tax  purposes).  This  discussion  does  not  address  any  U.S.  state  or  local  or  non-U.S.  tax 
consequences or any U.S. federal estate, gift or alternative minimum tax consequences.

As used in this discussion, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of ordinary shares or ADSs that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (i)
a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or
under  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  any  state  thereof,  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  (iii)  an  estate  the  income  of  which  is  subject  to  U.S.  federal  income  tax
regardless of its source or (iv) a trust with respect to which a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one
or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or (v) an electing trust that was in existence on August 19, 1996 and was treated
as a domestic trust on that date.

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If an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds ordinary shares or ADSs, the tax treatment of such partnership and each
partner thereof will generally depend upon the status and activities of the partnership and such partner. A holder that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal
income  tax  purposes  should  consult  its  own  tax  advisor  regarding  the  U.S.  federal  income tax considerations  applicable  to  it and  its  partners  of  the  purchase,
ownership and disposition of ordinary shares or ADSs.

U.S. Holders of ADSs will be treated as owners of the ordinary shares underlying their ADSs. Accordingly, deposits and withdrawals of ordinary shares

in exchange for ADSs will not be taxable events for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

The  U.S.  Treasury  has  expressed  concerns  that  parties  to  whom  ADSs  are  released  may  be  taking  actions  that  are  inconsistent  with  the  claiming  of
foreign tax credits for U.S. Holders of ADSs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax, described below, applicable to
dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders. Accordingly, the analysis of the availability of foreign tax credits and the reduced tax rate for dividends
received by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders, described below, could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released.

Prospective  investors  should  be  aware  that  this  discussion  does  not  address  the  tax  consequences  to  investors  who  are  not  U.S.  Holders.
Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors as to the particular tax considerations applicable to them relating to the purchase, ownership
and disposition of ordinary shares or ADSs, including the applicability of U.S. federal, state and local tax laws and non-U.S. tax laws.

Taxation of Distributions on our Ordinary Shares or ADSs

Subject to the discussion below under “Tax Consequences if We Are a Passive Foreign Investment Company,” a distribution paid by us with respect to
our ordinary shares and ADSs to a U.S. Holder will be treated as dividend income to the extent that the distribution does not exceed our current and accumulated
earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Dividends that are received by U.S. holders that are individuals, estates or trusts generally will be taxed at the rate applicable to long-term capital gains, 
provided those dividends meet the requirements of “qualified dividend income.” The maximum long-term capital gains rate is 20% for individuals with annual 
taxable income over $400,000. In addition, under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, higher income taxpayers must pay an additional 3.8 percent tax
on  net  investment  income  to  the  extent  certain  threshold  amounts  of  income  are  exceeded.  See  “Tax  on  Net  Investment  Income” in  this  Item  below.  For  this 
purpose, qualified dividend income generally includes dividends paid by a foreign corporation if certain holding period and other requirements are met and either
(a) the stock of the foreign corporation with respect to which the dividends are paid is “readily tradable” on an established securities market in the U.S. (e.g., the 
NASDAQ Capital Market) or (b) the foreign corporation is eligible for benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the U.S. which includes an information
exchange  program  and  is  determined  to  be  satisfactory  by  the  U.S.  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  Dividends  that  fail  to  meet  such  requirements  and  dividends
received by corporate U.S. holders are taxed at ordinary income rates. No dividend received by a U.S. holder will be a qualified dividend (i) if the U.S. holder
held the ordinary share and ADS with respect to which the dividend was paid for less than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date that is 60 days
before the ex-dividend date with respect to such dividend, excluding for this purpose, under the rules of Code Section 246(c), any period during which the U.S.
holder has an option to sell, is under a contractual obligation to sell, has made (and not closed) a short sale of, is the grantor of a deep-in-the-money or otherwise 
nonqualified option to buy, or has otherwise diminished its risk of loss by holding other positions with respect to, such ordinary share and ADSs (or substantially
identical securities); or (ii) to the extent that the U.S. holder is under an obligation (pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to
positions in property substantially similar or related to the ordinary share and ADS with respect to which the dividend is paid. If we were to be a “passive foreign 
investment company” (as such term is defined in the Code), or “PFIC”, for any taxable year, dividends paid on our ordinary shares and ADSs in such year or in
the following taxable year would not be qualified dividends. See the discussion below regarding our PFIC status under “Tax Consequences if We Are a Passive
Foreign Investment Company.” In addition, a non-corporate U.S. holder will be able to take qualified dividend income into account in determining its deductible
investment interest (which is generally limited to its net investment income) only if it elects to do so; in such case the dividend income will be taxed at ordinary
income rates.

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The amount of any distribution which exceeds the amount treated as a dividend will be treated first as a non-taxable return of capital, reducing the U.S.
holder’s tax basis in our ordinary shares and ADSs to the extent thereof, and then as capital gain from the deemed disposition of the ordinary shares and ADSs.
Corporate holders will not be allowed a deduction for dividends received in respect of the ordinary shares and ADSs.

Distributions of current or accumulated earnings and profits paid in foreign currency to a U.S. holder will be includible in the income of a U.S. holder in
a  U.S.  dollar  amount  calculated  by  reference  to  the  exchange  rate  on  the  day  the  distribution  is  received.  A  U.S.  holder  that  receives  a  foreign  currency
distribution  and  converts  the  foreign  currency  into  U.S.  dollars  subsequent  to  receipt  may  have  foreign  exchange  gain  or  loss  based  on  any  appreciation  or
depreciation in the value of the foreign currency against the U.S. dollar, which will generally be U.S. source ordinary income or loss.

Taxation of the Disposition of the Ordinary Shares or ADSs

Subject  to  the  discussion  below  under  “Tax  Consequences  if  We  Are  a  Passive  Foreign  Investment  Company,” upon  the  sale,  exchange  or  other
disposition of our ordinary shares and ADSs, a U.S. holder will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on
the disposition and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in our ordinary shares and ADSs. The gain or loss recognized on the disposition of the ordinary shares and ADSs
will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder held the ordinary shares and ADSs for more than one year at the time of the disposition and would be
eligible  for  a  reduced  rate  of  taxation  for  certain  non-corporate  U.S.  holders.  The  maximum  long-term  capital  gains  rate  is  20%  for  individuals  with  annual 
taxable income over $400,000. In addition, under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, higher income taxpayers must pay an additional 3.8 percent tax
on net investment income to the extent certain threshold amounts of income are exceeded. See “Tax on Net Investment Income” in this Item below. Capital gain 
from the sale, exchange or other disposition of ordinary shares and ADSs held for one year or less is short-term capital gain and taxed as ordinary income. Gain or 
loss recognized by a U.S. holder on a sale, exchange or other disposition of our ordinary shares and ADSs generally will be treated as U.S. source income or loss.
The deductibility of capital losses is subject to certain limitations.

A U.S. holder that uses the cash method of accounting calculates the dollar value of the proceeds received on the sale as of the date that the sale settles.
However, a U.S. holder that uses  the  accrual method of  accounting is  required  to  calculate the  value of the proceeds of  the sale as of the trade date and may
therefore realize foreign currency gain or loss. A U.S. holder that uses the accrual method may avoid realizing foreign currency gain or loss by electing to use the
settlement date to determine the proceeds of sale for purposes of calculating the foreign currency gain or loss. In addition, a U.S. holder that receives foreign
currency upon disposition of its ordinary shares and ADSs and converts the foreign currency into dollars after the settlement date or trade date (whichever date
the U.S. holder is required to use to calculate the value of the proceeds of sale) may have foreign exchange gain or loss based on any appreciation or depreciation
in the value of the foreign currency against the dollar, which will generally be U.S. source ordinary income or loss.

Tax Consequences if We Are a Passive Foreign Investment Company

We would be a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for a taxable year if either (1) 75% or more of our gross income in the taxable year is
passive income; or (2) the average percentage (by value determined on a quarterly basis) in a taxable year of our assets that produce, or are held for the production
of, passive income is at least 50%. Passive income for this purpose generally includes, among other things, certain dividends, interest, royalties, rents and gains
from commodities and securities transactions and from the sale or exchange of property that gives rise to passive income. If we own (directly or indirectly) at
least 25% by value of the stock of another corporation, we would be treated for purposes of the foregoing tests as owning our proportionate share of the other
corporation’s assets and as directly earning our proportionate share of the other corporation’s income. As discussed below, we believe that we were not a PFIC for
2015.

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If we were a PFIC, each U.S. holder would (unless it made one of the elections discussed below on a timely basis) be taxable on gain recognized from
the disposition of our ordinary shares and ADSs (including gain deemed recognized if our ordinary shares and ADSs are used as security for a loan) and upon
receipt of certain excess distributions (generally, distributions that exceed 125% of the average amount of distributions in respect to such shares received during
the preceding three taxable years or, if shorter, during the U.S. holder’s holding period prior to the distribution year) with respect to our ordinary shares and ADSs
as if such income had been recognized ratably over the U.S. holder’s holding period for the shares. The U.S. holder’s income for the current taxable year would
include (as ordinary income) amounts allocated to the current taxable year and to any taxable year prior to the first day of the first taxable year for which we were
a PFIC. Tax would also be computed at the highest ordinary income tax rate in effect for each other taxable year to which income is allocated, and an interest
charge  on  the  tax  as  so  computed  would  also  apply.  The  tax  liability  with  respect  to  the  amount  allocated  to  the  taxable  year  prior  to  the  taxable  year  of  the
distribution or disposition cannot be offset by any net operating losses. Additionally, if we were a PFIC, U.S. holders who acquire our ordinary shares and ADSs
from decedents (other than nonresident aliens) would be denied the normally-available step-up in basis for such shares to fair market value at the date of death
and, instead, would have a tax basis in such shares equal to the lesser of the decedent’s basis or the fair market value of such shares on the decedent's date of
death.

As an alternative to the tax treatment described above, a U.S. holder could elect to treat us as a “qualified electing fund” (a “QEF”), in which case the 
U.S. holder would be taxed, for each taxable year that we are a PFIC, on its pro rata share of our ordinary earnings and net capital gain (subject to a separate
election to defer payment of taxes, which deferral is subject to an interest charge). Special rules apply if a U.S. holder makes a QEF election after the first taxable
year in its holding period in which we are a PFIC. We have agreed to supply U.S. holders with the information needed to report income and gain under a QEF
election if we were a PFIC. Amounts includable in income as a result of a QEF election will be determined without regard to our prior year losses or the amount
of cash distributions, if any, received from us. A U.S. holder’s basis in its ordinary shares and ADSs will increase by any amount included in income and decrease
by  any  amounts  not  included  in  income  when  distributed  because  such  amounts  were  previously  taxed  under  the  QEF  rules.  So  long  as  a  U.S.  holder’s  QEF 
election is in effect with respect to the entire holding period for its ordinary shares and ADSs, any gain or loss realized by such holder on the disposition of its
ordinary shares and ADSs held as a capital asset generally will be capital gain or loss. Such capital gain or loss ordinarily would be long-term if such U.S. holder 
had held such ordinary shares and ADSs for more than one year at the time of the disposition and would be eligible for a reduced rate of taxation for certain non-
corporate U.S. holders. The maximum long-term capital gains rate is 20% for individuals with annual taxable income over $400,000. The QEF election is made
on a shareholder-by-shareholder basis, applies to all ordinary shares and ADSs held or subsequently acquired by an electing U.S. holder and can be revoked only
with the consent of the IRS.

As an alternative to making a QEF election, a U.S. holder of PFIC stock that is “marketable stock” (e.g., “regularly traded” on the NASDAQ Capital 
Market) may, in certain circumstances, avoid certain of the tax consequences generally applicable to holders of stock in a PFIC by electing to mark the stock to
market as of the beginning of such U.S. holder’s holding period for our ordinary shares and ADSs. Special rules apply if a U.S. holder makes a mark-to-market 
election after the first year in its holding period in which we are a PFIC. As a result of such an election, in any taxable year that we are a PFIC, a U.S. holder
would generally be required to report gain or loss to the extent of the difference between the fair market value of the ordinary shares and ADSs at the end of the
taxable year and such U.S. holder’s tax basis in such shares and ADSs at that time. Any gain under this computation, and any gain on an actual disposition of our
ordinary shares and ADSs in a taxable year in which we are PFIC, would be treated as ordinary income. Any loss under this computation, and any loss on an
actual disposition of our ordinary shares and ADSs in a taxable year in which we are PFIC, would be treated as ordinary loss to the extent of the cumulative net-
mark-to-market gain previously included. Any remaining loss from marking our ordinary shares and ADSs to market will not be allowed, and any remaining loss
from an actual disposition of our ordinary shares and ADSs generally would be capital loss. A U.S. holder’s tax basis in its ordinary shares and ADSs is adjusted 
annually for any gain or loss recognized under the mark-to-market election. There can be no assurances that there will be sufficient trading volume with respect to
our ordinary shares and ADSs for the ordinary shares and ADSs to be considered “regularly traded” or that our ordinary shares and ADSs will continue to trade 
on the NASDAQ Capital Market. Accordingly, there are no assurances that our ordinary shares and ADSs will be marketable stock for these purposes. As with a
QEF election, a mark-to-market election is made on a shareholder-by-shareholder basis, applies to all ordinary shares and ADSs held or subsequently acquired by
an electing U.S. holder and can only be revoked with consent of the IRS (except to the extent our ordinary shares and ADSs no longer constitute “marketable 
stock”).

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Based on an analysis of our assets and income, we believe that we were not a PFIC for 2015. We currently expect that we will not be a PFIC in 2016.
The tests for determining PFIC status are applied annually and it is difficult to make accurate predictions of future income and assets, which are relevant to this
determination. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will not become a PFIC in any future taxable years. U.S. holders who hold our ordinary shares and
ADSs during a period when we are a PFIC will be subject to the foregoing rules, even if we cease to be a PFIC, subject to certain exceptions for U.S. holders who
made  QEF,  mark-to-market  or  certain  other  special  elections.  U.S.  holders  are  urged  to  consult  their  tax  advisors  about  the  PFIC  rules,  including  the
consequences to them of making a mark-to-market or QEF election with respect to our ordinary shares and ADSs in the event that we qualify as a PFIC.

U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules, including eligibility for and the manner and

advisability of making, the QEF election or the mark-to-market election.

Tax on Net Investment Income

A U.S. holder that is an individual or estate, or a trust that does not fall into a special class of trusts that is exempt from the tax, will be subject to a 3.8%
tax on the lesser of (1) the U.S. holder’s “net investment income” for the relevant taxable year and (2) the excess of the U.S. holder’s modified adjusted gross 
income  for  the  taxable  year  over  a  certain  threshold  (which  in the  case of  individuals  will  be  between  $125,000  and $250,000, depending  on  the  individual’s 
circumstances). A U.S. holder’s net investment income generally will include its dividends on our ordinary shares and ADSs and net gains from dispositions of
our ordinary shares and ADSs, unless those dividends or gains are derived in the ordinary course of the conduct of trade or business (other than trade or business
that consists of certain passive or trading activities). Net investment income, however, may be reduced by deductions properly allocable to that income. A U.S.
holder that is an individual, estate or trust is urged to consult its tax adviser regarding the applicability of the Medicare tax to its income and gains in respect of its
investment in our ordinary shares or ADSs.

Non-U.S. Holders of Ordinary Shares or ADSs

Except  as  provided  below,  a  non-U.S.  holder  of  our  ordinary  shares  and  ADSs  will  not  be  subject  to  U.S.  federal  income  or  withholding  tax  on  the
receipt  of  dividends  on,  or  the  proceeds  from  the  disposition  of,  our  ordinary  shares  and  ADSs,  unless,  in  the  case  of  U.S.  federal  income  taxes,  that  item  is
effectively connected with the conduct by the non-U.S. holder of a trade or business in the United States and, in the case of a resident of a country which has an
income tax treaty with the United States, such item is attributable to a permanent establishment in the United States or, in the case of an individual, a fixed place
of business in the United States. In addition, gain recognized on the disposition of our ordinary shares and ADSs by an individual non-U.S. holder will be subject 
to tax in the United States if the non-U.S. holder is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the sale and certain other conditions are
met.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

A U.S. holder generally is subject to information reporting and may be subject to backup withholding at a rate of up to 28% with respect to dividend
payments on, or receipt of the proceeds from the disposition of, our ordinary shares and ADSs. Backup withholding will not apply with respect to payments made
to exempt recipients, including corporations and tax-exempt organizations, or if a U.S. holder provides correct taxpayer identification number, certifies that such
holder  is  not  subject  to  backup  withholding  or  otherwise  establishes  an  exemption.  Non-U.S.  holders  are  not  subject  to  information  reporting  or  backup 
withholding with respect to dividend payments on, or receipt of the proceeds from the disposition of, ordinary shares and ADSs in the U.S., or by a U.S. payer or
U.S.  middleman,  provided  that  such  non-U.S.  holder  provides  a  taxpayer  identification  number,  certifies  to  its  foreign  status,  or  otherwise  establishes  an
exemption. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and may be claimed as a credit against the U.S. federal income tax liability of a holder, or alternatively,
the holder may be eligible for a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules, in either case, provided that the required information
is furnished to the IRS.

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Information Reporting by Certain U.S. Holders

U.S. citizens and individuals taxable as resident aliens of the United States that own “specified foreign financial assets” with an aggregate value in a 
taxable year in excess of $50,000 (as determined under rules in Treasury regulations) and that are required to file a U.S. federal income tax return generally will
be required to file an information report with respect to those assets with their tax returns. IRS Form 8938 has been issued for that purpose. “Specified foreign 
financial assets” include any financial accounts maintained by foreign financial institutions, foreign stocks held directly, and interests in foreign estates, foreign
pension plans or foreign deferred compensation plans. Under those rules, our ordinary shares, whether owned directly or through a financial institution, estate or
pension or deferred compensation plan, would be “specified foreign financial assets”. Under Treasury regulations, the reporting obligation applies to certain U.S.
entities that hold, directly or indirectly, specified foreign financial assets. Penalties can apply if there is a failure to satisfy this reporting obligation. A U.S. Holder
is urged to consult his tax adviser regarding his reporting obligation.

F.

Dividends and Paying Agents

Not applicable.

G.

Statement by Experts

Not applicable.

H.

Documents on Display

Formula is subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act that are applicable to a foreign private issuer. In accordance with the Exchange
Act, we file reports with the SEC, including annual reports on Form 20-F by April 30 each year (as of 2015). In addition, we furnish interim financial information
on Form 6-K on a quarterly basis. We also furnish to the SEC under cover of Form 6-K certain other material information required to be made public in Israel,
filed with and made public by any stock exchange or distributed by us to our shareholders. You may inspect without charge and copy at prescribed rates such
material at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC, at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may also obtain copies of such material
from the SEC at prescribed rates by writing to the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-
800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room.

The  SEC  maintains  an  Internet  site  at  http://www.sec.gov  that  contains  reports  and  other  material  that  are  filed  through  the  SEC’s  Electronic  Data 
Gathering,  Analysis  and  Retrieval  (EDGAR)  system.  Formula  began  filing  through  the  EDGAR  system  beginning  in  October  2002.  The  Exchange  Act  file
number for our SEC filings is 000-29442.

Formula’s ADSs are quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market. You may inspect reports and other information concerning Formula at the offices of the
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., or FINRA, 9509 Key West Avenue, Rockville, Maryland 20850. Copies of our SEC filings and submissions are
also submitted to the Israel Securities Authority, or ISA, and the TASE. Such copies can be retrieved electronically through the MAGNA distribution site of the
ISA (www.magna.isa.gov.il) and the TASE website (maya.tase.co.il).

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A copy of each report that we submit in accordance with applicable United States law is available for public review at our principal executive offices, at
5 Haplada Street, Or Yehuda 60218, Israel. Information about us is also available on our website at http://www.formulasystems.com. Such information is not part 
of this annual report.

I.

Subsidiary Information

Not applicable.

ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate and Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations; Impact of Inflation 

In light of the nature of our activities, we invest our cash and cash equivalents primarily in short-term and long-term deposits. As of December 31, 2015,
substantially all of the cash that we held was invested in dollar accounts bearing interest based on LIBOR, Euro accounts and NIS accounts bearing interest based
on the Israeli prime rate. Given the current low interest rates in the financial markets, assuming a 10% interest rate decrease, the net decrease in our earnings from
our financial assets would be negligible, holding other variables constant.

As described above in this annual report (under “Item 3.D Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Operations in Israel—Fluctuations in foreign currency values
may  affect  our  business  and  results  of  operations” and  “Item  5.  Operating and  Financial  Review  and  Prospects—Operating  Results— Impact  of  Inflation  and 
Currency Fluctuations on Results of Operations”), because most of our software services revenues are received in NIS, a decrease in value of the NIS against the
dollar adversely impacts the operating results for our software services operating segment, by reducing the dollar-recorded revenue growth rate for those services. 
Accordingly, an increase in the value of the NIS relative to the dollar positively impacts our dollar-recorded software services revenues and operating profit.

At  the  same  time,  a  significant  portion  of  our  revenues  from  proprietary  software  products  is  currently  denominated  in  dollars  and  other  currencies,
particularly Euro and British pound and to a lesser extent Japanese Yen, while a substantial portion of our expenses relating to the proprietary software products,
principally salaries and related personnel expenses, is denominated in NIS. As a result, the depreciation of the dollar or these other currencies relative to the NIS
increases our operating costs as a percentage of the revenues that we derive from those dollar and other currency-denominated sales, and, therefore, adversely
affects the operational profitability of our proprietary software product reporting segment. A rise in the rate of Israeli inflation compounds this negative impact by
further increasing our NIS (and ultimately dollar-recorded) operating expenses, and, consequently, reducing our operational profitability in that segment. Also,
the depreciation of these other currencies—particularly Euro, British pound and to a lesser extent Japanese Yen—relative to the U.S. dollar reduces our dollar
recorded revenues from sales of our proprietary software products and thereby harms our results of operations.

The net effect of these risks stemming from currency exchange rate fluctuations on our operating results can be quantified as follows:

An increase of 10% in the value of the NIS relative to the dollar in the year ended December 31, 2015 would have resulted in a net increase in the dollar
reporting value of our total revenues of $45.2 million for that year, due primarily to the positive impact to our software services business line earned mainly in
NIS which would outweigh the adverse impact to the profitability of our proprietary software products resulting from such an increase. On the other hand, a 10%
decrease in value of the NIS relative to the dollar in the year ended December 31, 2015 would have caused a net decrease in the dollar reporting value of our total
revenues of $ 34.8 million for that year, due primarily to the adverse impact on the revenues and profitability of our software services business line earned mainly
in NIS which would outweigh the increase in dollar value of the proprietary software products business line expenses recorded in mainly in NIS.

Depending  upon  the  circumstances,  we  will  consider  entering  into  currency  hedging  transactions  to  decrease  the  risk  of  financial  exposure  from
fluctuations in the exchange rate of the dollar, Euro, Japanese yen and/or British Pound against the NIS, or the Euro, Japanese yen and/or British Pound against
the dollar. There can be no assurance that these activities, or others that we may use from time to time, will eliminate the negative financial impact of currency
fluctuations and inflation. We do not—nor do we intend to in the future—engage in currency speculation.

122

Fluctuations in Market Price of Securities We Hold

We hold the securities of two subsidiaries and one affiliate—Matrix, Sapiens, and Magic Software, respectively— which are companies whose securities
are listed for trading on the NASDAQ Global Market, NASDAQ Capital Market and/or the TASE. We consider these holdings as long-term holdings. We are 
exposed  to  the  risk  of  fluctuation  of  the  price  of  these  companies’ securities.  All  of  these  publicly  traded  companies  have  experienced  significant  historical
volatility in their stock prices. Fluctuations in the market price of our holdings in these companies may result in the fluctuation of the value of our assets. We
typically do not attempt to reduce or eliminate our market exposure on these securities.

Generally, we do not hold nor have we issued, to any material extent, any derivatives or other financial instruments for trading purposes.

ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

A.

Debt Securities

Not applicable.

B.

Warrants and Rights

Not applicable.

C.

Other Securities

Not applicable.

D.

American Depositary Shares

Fees and charges payable by our ADS holders

The Bank of New York Mellon, which we refer to as the Depositary, serves as the depositary for our ADS program. Pursuant to the deposit agreement
by and among our Company, the Depositary and owners and holders of our ADSs, which we refer to as the Deposit Agreement, ADS holders may be required to
pay various fees to the Depositary. In particular, the Depositary may charge the following fees to any party depositing or withdrawing ADSs, or to any party
surrendering American Depositary Receipts (which we refer to as ADRs) that represent the ADSs, or to whom ADRs are issued (including, without limitation,
issuance pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by us or an exchange of stock involving the ADRs or any deposited ADSs underlying the ADRs or a
distribution of ADRs pursuant to a distribution of underlying shares), as applicable: (a) taxes and governmental charges, (b) such registration fees as may from
time to time be in effect for the registration of transfers of shares generally on our share register and applicable to transfers of shares to the name of the Depositary
or  its  nominee  or  agent  in  connection  with  making  deposits  or  withdrawals  under  the  Deposit  Agreement,  (c)  such  cable,  telex  and  facsimile  transmission
expenses as are expressly provided for in the Deposit Agreement, (d) such expenses as are incurred by the Depositary in the conversion of foreign currency, (e) a
fee of $5.00 or less per 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) for the execution and delivery of ADRs (including in connection with distributions of shares or rights by
us) and in connection with the surrender of receipts and withdrawal of the underlying shares, (f) a fee of $.02 or less per ADS (or portion thereof) for any cash
distribution made pursuant to the Deposit Agreement, including in connection with distributions of shares or rights, (g) a fee for the distribution of securities in
connection with certain distributions, such fee being in an amount equal to the fee for the execution and delivery of ADSs which would have been charged as a
result of the deposit of such securities but which securities are instead distributed by the Depositary to ADR holders, and (h) any other charges payable by the
Depositary or any of its agents in connection with the servicing of ADSs or other deposited securities underlying the ADRs.

123

Amounts received from the Depositary

We do not receive any fees directly or indirectly from the Depositary.

ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

None.

PART II

ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated
the  effectiveness  of  our  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (as  defined  in  Rules  13a-15(e)  and  15d-15(e)  under  the  Exchange  Act)  as  of  December  31,  2015. 
Based on their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of
December 31, 2015.

(b) Management’s  Annual  Report  on  Internal  Control  over  Financial  Reporting.  Our  management  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining 
adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control system is 
designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control
over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth Internal Control—Integrated Framework 
(2013). Based on this assessment, our management concluded that, as of December 31, 2015, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.

Notwithstanding  the  foregoing,  all  internal  control  systems  no  matter  how  well  designed  have  inherent  limitations.  Therefore,  even  those  systems
determined to be effective may not prevent or detect misstatements and can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and
presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes
in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer, a member of Ernst & Young Global, an independent registered public accounting firm in Israel, which has audited our
financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015 that are included in this annual report, has issued an attestation report on our management's assessment
of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015.

(c) Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm. The attestation report of Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer, a member of Ernst & Young
Global,  an  independent  registered  public  accounting  firm  in  Israel,  on  our  management's  assessment  of  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of
December 31, 2015 is provided on page F-3, as included under Item 18 of this annual report.

124

(d)  Changes  in  Internal  Control  Over  Financial  Reporting.  Based  on  the  evaluation  conducted  by  it,  with  the  participation  of  our  Chief  Executive
Officer and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) promulgated under the Exchange Act, our management (including such officers)
has  concluded  that  there  has  been  no  change  in  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  occurred  during  2015,  that  has  materially  affected,  or  is
reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 16. RESERVED

ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

Our  board  of  directors  has  determined  that  Ms.  Dafna  Cohen,  who  serves  on  the  audit  committee  of  our  board  of  directors,  qualifies  as  our  “audit 

committee financial expert,” as defined under the rules and regulations of the SEC.

ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS

We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics, or code of ethics, applicable to Formula’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer 
(who also serves as its principal accounting officer) and any person performing similar functions, as well as to its directors and other employees. A copy of the
code of ethics is available to all of Formula’s employees, investors and others without charge, upon request to the following address: Formula Systems (1985)
Ltd., 5 Haplada St., Or Yehuda 60218, Israel, Attn: Chief Executive Officer.

The chairman of our audit committee may approve a request by our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer (who also serves as our principal
accounting  officer)  or  any  person  performing  similar  functions  for  a  waiver  from  the  requirements  of  our  code  of  ethics  pertaining  to  (i)  honest  and  ethical
conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationship; (ii) full, fair, accurate, timely and
understandable  disclosure  in  reports  and  documents  that  we  must  file  with,  or  submit  to,  the  SEC  and  in  other  public  communications  made  by  us;  (iii)
compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations; (iv) the prompt internal reporting of violation of the code of ethics to the chairman of our
audit committee; and (v) accountability for adherence to the code of ethics; provided in each case that the person requesting such waiver provides to our audit
committee a full disclosure of the particular circumstances relating to such request. The chairman of our audit committee will first determine whether a waiver of
the relevant requirements of the code of ethics is required and, if such waiver is required, whether a waiver will be granted. The person requesting such waiver
may be required to agree to certain conditions before a waiver or a continuing waiver is granted.

Any amendments to the code of ethics and all waivers from compliance with the code of ethics granted to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial
Officer (who also serves as our principal accounting officer) or any person performing similar functions with respect to its requirements described in the above
paragraph will be publicly disclosed by us via a report on Form 6-K in accordance with the regulations of the SEC. No such amendment has been adopted, nor
waiver provided, by us during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

We paid the following fees for professional services rendered by Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer, Certified Public Accountant, a member firm of Ernst &
Young Global, independent registered public accounting firm (which we refer to as Kost Forer), for the years ended December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2015,
respectively:

Audit Fees(1)
Tax Fees(2)
Total

2014

2015

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

1,372
343
1,715

1,315
296
1,611

125

(1) The  audit  fees  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2014  and  2015  were  for  professional  services  rendered  for:  the  audits  of  our  annual  consolidated
financial  statements;  agreed-upon  procedures  related  to  the  review  of  our  consolidated  quarterly  information;  statutory  audits  of  Formula  and  its
subsidiaries and affiliated companies; issuance of comfort letters and consents; and assistance with review of documents filed with the SEC.

(2) Tax  fees  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2014  and  2015  were  for  services  related  to  tax  compliance,  including  the  preparation  of  tax  returns  and

claims for refund, and tax advice.

Policy on Pre-Approval of Audit and Non-Audit Services of Independent Auditors

Our  audit  committee  is  responsible  for  the  oversight  of  our  (and  our  subsidiaries’)  independent  auditor’s  work.  Our  Audit  Committee  has  adopted  a
policy  and  procedures  for  the  pre-approval  of  audit  and  non-audit  services  rendered  by  our  independent  registered  public  accountants,  Kost  Forer  Gabbay  &
Kasierer,  a  member  of  Ernst  &  Young  Global.  Pre-approval  of  an  audit  or  non-audit  service  may  be  given  as  a  general  pre-approval,  as  part  of  the  audit 
committee’s  approval  of  the  scope  of  the  engagement  of  our  independent  auditor,  or  on  an  individual  basis.  Any  proposed  services  that  exceed  general  pre-
approved levels also require specific pre-approval by our audit committee. The policy prohibits retention of the independent public accountants to perform the
prohibited  non-audit  functions  defined  in  Section  201  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  of  2002  or  the  rules  of  the  SEC,  and  also  requires  the  Audit  Committee  to
consider whether proposed services are compatible with the independence of the public accountants.

During 2014 and 2015, all audit and non-audit services were pre-approved by our audit committee in accordance with the policy and procedures.

ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES

Not applicable.

ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

None.

ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

None.

ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The NASDAQ Global Select Market requires companies with securities listed thereon to comply with its corporate governance standards. As a foreign
private issuer, we are not required to comply with all of the rules that apply to listed domestic U.S. companies. Pursuant to NASDAQ listing rule 5615(a)(3), we
have notified NASDAQ that with respect to the corporate governance practices described below, we instead follow Israeli law and practice and accordingly do
not follow the NASDAQ listing rules. Except for the differences described below, we do not believe there are any significant differences between our corporate
governance practices and those that apply to a U.S. domestic issuer under the NASDAQ Global Market corporate governance rules.

(cid:120) Independent  Director  Oversight  of  Nominations:  Under  Israeli  law,  there  is  no  requirement  to  have  an  independent  nominating  committee  or  the
independent directors of a company select (or recommend for selection) director nominees, as is required under NASDAQ listing rule 5605(e) for a U.S. domestic
issuer. Our board of directors handles this process, as is permitted by our articles and the Companies Law. We also need not adopt a formal board resolution or
charter addressing the director nominations process and such related matters as may be required under the U.S. federal securities laws, as NASDAQ requires for a
U.S. issuer.

126

(cid:120) Shareholder Approval: Pursuant to Israeli law, we seek shareholder approval for all corporate actions requiring such approval under the requirements 
of  the  Companies  Law,  which  are  different  from,  or  in  addition  to,  the  requirements  for  seeking  shareholder  approval  under  NASDAQ  listing  rule  5635.  See
“Item 10. Additional Information— Memorandum and  Articles  of Association— Approval of Certain Transactions Under the Companies  Law” in this  annual 
report for a description of the transactions requiring shareholder approval under the Companies Law.

(cid:120) Quorums for Shareholders Meetings. The quorum for a shareholders meeting, as stipulated in our articles, complies with the provisions of Israeli law,
and requires the presence, in person or by proxy of holders of 25% of our outstanding ordinary shares, in lieu of the requirement specified in NASDAQ listing
rule 5620(c) under which the quorum for any shareholders meeting shall not be less than 33⅓% of the outstanding voting shares of a listed company.

(cid:120) Required  Timing  for  Annual  Shareholders  Meetings.  Under  the  Companies  Law,  we  are  required  to  hold  an  annual  shareholders  meeting  each
calendar year and within 15 months of the last annual shareholders meeting, which differs from the corresponding requirement under NASDAQ listing rule 5620
(a), which mandates that a listed company hold its annual shareholders meeting within one year of the company’s fiscal year-end.

ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

PART III

We have elected to provide financial statements and related information pursuant to Item 18.

ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Our consolidated financial statements and the report of our independent registered public accounting firm in connection therewith are filed as part of this

annual report, as noted on the pages below:

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets 
Consolidated Statements of Income 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Additional Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms

F-2-F-4
F-5-F-6
F-7
F-8
F-9-F-10
F-11-F-14
F-15-F79
F-80

The audited financial statements of Sapiens International Corporation N.V. as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 and the three years ended December 31,

2015 are filed as part of this annual report, as noted on the pages below:

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Income 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

127

F-2-F-4
F-5-F-6
F-7
F-8
F-9
F-10-F-11
F-12-F-40

The audited financial statements of Magic Software Enterprises Ltd. as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 and the three years ended December 31, 2015

are filed as part of this annual report, as noted on the pages below:

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets 
Consolidated Statements of Income 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Additional Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms

ITEM 19. EXHIBITS

F-2-F-4
F-5-F-6
F-7
F-8
F-9
F-10-F-12
F-13-F-53
F-54

Exhibit No.
1.1
1.2
2.1

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
8
12.1
12.2
13.1

13.2

15.1
15.2

Memorandum of Association (1)
Amended and Restated Articles of Association, as adopted by Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. on January 8, 2012 (2)
Depositary Agreement by and among Formula Systems (1985) Ltd., Bank of New York Mellon and the holders of the American Depositary Shares 
of Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. (1)
Form of Letter of Indemnification for officers and directors, adopted by Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. on January 8, 2012 (3)
English translation of Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. Employees and Office Holders Share Option Plan (2008)(4)
Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. 2011 Share Incentive Plan and amendment(5)
Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. Compensation Policy(6)
List of Subsidiaries*
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) under the Exchange Act*
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) under the Exchange Act*
Certification  of  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  pursuant  to  Rule  13a-14(b)/Rule  15d-14(b)  under  the  Exchange  Act  and  18  U.S.C.  Section  1350,  as 
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
Certification  of  the  Chief  Financial  Officer  pursuant  to  Rule  13a-14(b)/Rule  15d-14(b)  under  the  Exchange  Act  and  18  U.S.C.  Section  1350,  as 
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
Consent of Kost, Forer, Gabbay & Kaiserer, a member of Ernst & Young Global*
Consent of KDA Audit Corporation*

*Filed herewith.

(1) Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-8858) filed with respect to the registrant’s American Depositary Shares.

128

(2) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the report on Form 6-K filed by the registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 18, 2012.
(3) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the report on Form 6-K filed by the registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 18, 2012.
(4) Incorporated by reference to the annual report on Form 20-F for the 2008 fiscal year filed by the registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
April 27, 2009.
(5) Incorporated by reference to the annual report on Form 20-F for the 2013 fiscal year filed by the registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
April 30, 2014.
(6) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the report on Form 6-K filed by the registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 24, 2013.

129

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to 

SIGNATURES

sign this annual report on its behalf.

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.

By: 

/s/ Guy Bernstein
Guy Bernstein
Chief Executive Officer

May 16, 2016
Date

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2015

U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS

INDEX

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Statements of Income

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Page

F2- F4

F-5 - F-6

F-7 

F-8

F-9 - F-10

F-11 - F-14

F-15 - F-79

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 
2014 and 2015 and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2015. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on
these financial statements based on our audits. We did not audit the financial statements of certain subsidiaries, which statements reflect total revenues of 3%, 1%
and 0% for each of the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively, of the related consolidated totals. Those statements were audited by other
auditors  whose  reports  have  been  furnished  to  us,  and  our  opinion,  insofar  as  it  relates  to  the  amounts  included  for  those  subsidiaries,  is  based  solely  on  the
reports of the other auditors.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require 
that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles
used  and  significant  estimates  made  by  management,  as  well  as  evaluating  the  overall  financial  statement  presentation.  We  believe  that  our  audits  provide  a
reasonable basis for our opinion.

In  our  opinion,  based  on  our  audits  and  the  reports  of  the  other  auditors,  the  consolidated  financial  statements  referred  to  above  present  fairly,  in  all 
material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 and the related consolidated results
of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, in conformity with U.S generally accepted accounting
principles.

We  also  have  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United  States),  the  Company's  internal 
control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  December  31,  2015,  based  on criteria  established  in  Internal  Control-Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of 
Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (2013  framework)  (the  COSO  criteria)  and  our  report  dated  May  16,  2016  expressed  an  unqualified
opinion thereon.

Tel-Aviv, Israel
May 16,  2016

/s/ Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer
KOST FORER GABBAY & KASIERER
A Member of Ernst & Young Global

F-2

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.

We have audited Formula Systems (1985) Ltd.'s ("Formula" or the "Company") internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based
on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control-Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (2013
framework)  (the  COSO  criteria).  The  Company's  management  is  responsible  for  maintaining  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  and  for  its
assessment  of  the  effectiveness  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  included  in  the  accompanying  Management's  Report  on  Internal  Control  Over
Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require 
that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material
respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and
evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary
in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting 
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over
financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the
transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of
financial  statements  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles,  and  that  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  company  are  being  made  only  in
accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of
unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of 
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with
the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the 

COSO criteria.

F-3

We  also  have  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United  States),  the  consolidated  balance 
sheets  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  as  of  December  31,  2014  and  2015,  and  the  related  consolidated  statements  of  income,  comprehensive  income,
shareholders’ equity  and  cash  flows  for  each  of  the  three  years  in  the  period  ended  December  31,  2015,  and  our  report  dated  May  16,  2016  expressed  an
unqualified opinion thereon.

Tel-Aviv, Israel
 May 16, 2016

/s/ Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer
KOST FORER GABBAY & KASIERER
A Member of Ernst & Young Global

F-4

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
U.S. dollars in thousands

ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS:

Cash and cash equivalents
Short-term deposits
Marketable securities (Note 4)
Trade receivables (net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $ 2,316 and $ 1,739 as of December 31, 2014 and 

$

2015, respectively)

Other accounts receivable and prepaid expenses (Note 18a)
Inventories

Total current assets

LONG-TERM RECEIVABLES:
Marketable Securities (Note 4)
Deferred taxes (Note 17e)
Prepaid expenses and other accounts receivable

Total long-term receivables

INVESTMENTS IN AFFILIATED COMPANIES (Note 6)

SEVERANCE PAY FUND

PROPERTY, AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Note 7)

INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (Note 9)

GOODWILL (Note 8)

Total assets

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

December 31,

2014*

2015

$

107,416
6,454
15,784

195,287
31,297
2,259

358,497

33,748
17,901
10,287

61,936

132,603
11
11,011

176,665
32,584
4,610

357,484

-
13,164
8,945

22,109

169,143

451,433

65,322

20,126

76,870

54,631

14,199

4,920

373,230

162,173

$

1,125,124

$

1,066,949

*) Derived from the audited financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2014, adjusted for the acquisition of Insseco (see note 1a).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

F-5

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

CURRENT LIABILITIES:

Liabilities to banks and other financial institutions (Note 18b)
Trade payables
Deferred revenue
Dividend payable
Employees and payroll accrual
Other accounts payable (Note 18c)
Liabilities in respect of business combinations

Total current liabilities

LONG-TERM LIABILITIES:

Liabilities to banks and other financial institutions (Note 10)
Debentures, net of current maturities (Note 11)
Other long term liabilities
Deferred taxes (Note 17e)
Deferred revenues
Liability in respect of business combinations
Liability in respect of capital lease
Accrued severance pay

Total long-term liabilities

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 15)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

December 31,

2014*

2015

$

$

43,190
52,693
34,556
7,876
63,172
23,325
1,782

59,069
58,105
25,335
4
51,390
16,715
1,193

226,594

211,811

108,203
-
6,204
32,605
4,838
825
903
77,975

231,553

102,845
58,284
-
67,010
4,396
2,405
494
67,409

302,843

REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST (Note 2d)

10,313

10,029

EQUITY (Note 16):

Formula Systems (1985) equity:
Share capital:

Ordinary shares of NIS 1 par value -
Authorized: 25,000,000 shares at December 31, 2014 and 2015
Issued: 15,287,402 at December 31, 2014 and 2015
Outstanding: 14,728,782 at December 31, 2014 and 2015

Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Treasury shares (568,620 shares as of December 31, 2014 and 2015)

Total equity attributable to Formula Systems (1985) shareholders’
Non-controlling interests

Total equity

4,184
137,090
249,998
(1,305)
(259)

389,708
266,956

656,664

4,184
130,520
318,688
(1,576)
(259)

451,557
90,709

542,266

Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest and equity

$

1,125,124

$

1,066,949

*) Derived from the audited financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2014, adjusted for the acquisition of Insseco (see note 1a).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

F-6

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

Revenues (Note 18g):
Proprietary software products and related services
Software services

Total revenues

Cost of revenues:
Proprietary software products and related services
Software services

Total cost of revenues

Gross profit
Research and development costs, net
Selling, marketing, general and administrative expenses
Other expenses (income), net (Note 18e)

Operating income
Financial expenses, net (Note 18d)

Income before taxes on income
Taxes on income (Note 17g)

Equity in gains of affiliated companies, net (Note 6)

Net income

Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests

Net income attributable to Formula Systems (1985) Shareholders

Net earnings per share attributable to Formula Systems (1985) Shareholders (Note 18h)

Basic earnings per share

Diluted earnings per share

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

F-7

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

$

179,400
616,481

$

11,131
625,286

$

795,881

636,417

96,180
506,900

603,080

192,801
14,168
117,877
14

60,742
6,236

54,506
8,728

45,778

60,683

106,461

1,735
24,039

4,055
526,028

530,083

106,334
787
70,517
(5)

35,035
4,866

30,169
10,074

20,095

74,590

94,685

154
13,698

136,577
613,978

750,555

81,454
520,295

601,749

148,806
7,488
94,722
2

46,594
8,254

38,340
10,988

27,352

65,096

92,448

255
18,488

$

$

$

80,687

$

80,833

$

73,705

5.88

5.68

$

$

5.80

5.59

$

$

5.24

5.00

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
U.S. dollars in thousands 

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

Net income

$

106,461

$

94,685

$

92,448

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Unrealized gain from derivative instruments, net
Unrealized gain from available-for-sale securities, net
Realized gain from foreign currency translation adjustments
Losses net reclassified into earnings from marketable securities
Equity in other comprehensive (loss) of affiliated companies, net

Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

Total Comprehensive income

Comprehensive income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests

Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests

12,531
143
170
-
-
-

12,844

119,305

1,735

30,794

(15,081)
-
119
15,606
-
(7,718)

(7,074)

87,611

154

6,918

Comprehensive income attributable Formula Systems (1985) shareholders

$

86,776

$

80,539

$

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements. 

F-8

(2,817)
-
13
1,856
(333)
554

(727)

91,721

255

18,032

73,434

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

Share Capital

Number

Amount

Additional
paid-in
capital

Retained
earnings

Accumulated
other
comprehensive
Loss

113,427

80,687
-

(7,100)

-
6,089

Balance as of January 1, 2013

13,596,000

3,876

132,767

Net Income
Other comprehensive income
Stock-based Compensation expenses 
(Note 12a)
Exercise of employees stock options 
(Note 12a)
Non-controlling interests changes due 
to holding changes, including exercise 
of employees stock options 
and repurchase of shares by 
subsidiaries
Acquisition of non-controlling 
interests
Dividend to Formula's shareholders
Dividend to non- controlling interests 
in subsidiaries

-
-

-

1,122,782

-

-
-

-

-
-

-

305

-

-
-

-

-
-

1,988

(302)

(715)

(1,413)
-

-

Balance as of December 31, 2013

14,718,782

4,181

132,325

Net Income
Other comprehensive income
Stock-based Compensation expenses 
(Note 12a)
Exercise of employees stock options 
(Note 12a)
Non-controlling interests changes due 
to holding changes, including exercise 
of employees stock options 
and repurchase of shares by 
subsidiaries
Acquisition of non-controlling 
interests
Consolidation of affiliate (Sapiens)
Deconsolidation of subsidiary (Magic)
Dividend to Formula's shareholders
Dividend to non- controlling interests 
in subsidiaries

-
-

-

10,000

-

-

-
-

-

-
-

-

3

-

-

-
-

-

-
-

4,676

(3)

(361)

(599)

-
-

-

-

-

-

-
(10,009)

-

184,105

80,833
-

-

-

-

-

-
(14,940)

-

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

 Treasury
shares
(cost)

Non-

controlling Total
Equity

interests

(259)

221,243 463,954

-
-

-

-

-

-
-

-

24,039 104,726
12,844
6,755

1,990

3,978

-

3

(80,677)

(81,392)

(1,377)
-

(2,790)
(10,009)

(15,159)

(15,159)

(259)

156,814 476,155

-
-

-

-

-

-

-
-

-

13,698
(6,780)

94,531
(22,680)

307

4,983

-

-

728

367

(658)

(1,257)
178,863 183,978
(55,179)
(65,670)
(14,940)
-

(11,391)

(11,391)

(259)

265,911 654,567

-

-

-

-
-

-

(1,011)

-
(15,900)

-

-

-

-
5,115
10,491
-

-

(1,305)

Balance as of December 31, 2014

14,728,782

4,184

136,038

249,998

Adjustment for acquisition under 
common control

Balance as of December 31, 2014 *)

-

14,728,782

-

4,184

1,052

-

-

-

1,045

2,097

137,090

249,998

(1,305)

(259)

266,956 656,664

*) Derived from the audited financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2014, adjusted for acquisition of Insseco (see note 1a).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

F-9

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

Share Capital

Number

Amount

Additional
paid-in
capital

Retained
earnings

Balance as of December 31, 2014 *)

14,728,782

4,184

137,090

Net Income
Other comprehensive loss
Stock-based Compensation expenses 
(Note 12a)
Non-controlling interests changes due 
to holding changes, including exercise 
of employees stock options
Acquisition of non-controlling 
interests
Dividend to Formula's shareholders
Dividend to non- controlling interests 
in subsidiaries
Transaction with non-controlling 
interests in affiliate's subsidiary
Distribution to parent for a business 
acquisition 
under common control
Deconsolidation of subsidiary 
(Sapiens)

-
-

-

-

-
-

-

-

-

-

-
-

-

-

-
-

-

-

-

-

-
-

2,992

(3,399)

(68)
-

-

(781)

(5,314)

-

249,998

73,705
-

-

-

-
(5,015)

-

-

-

-

Balance as of December 31, 2015

14,728,782

4,184

130,520

318,688

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Accumulated
Other
comprehensive
Loss

(1,305)

-
(1,153)

-

-

-
-

-

-

-

882

(1,576)

 Treasury
shares
(cost)

Non-
controlling
interests

Total
Equity

(259)

266,956

656,664

-
-

-

-

-
-

-

-

-

-

18,488
(1,397)

92,193
(2,550)

2,081

5,073

4,956

1,557

(292)
-

(360)
(5,015)

(13,432)

(13,432)

-

(781)

(5,501)

(10,815)

(181,150) (180,268)

(259)

90,709

542,266

Accumulated unrealized gain from available-for-sale securities
Accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments
Accumulated share of other comprehensive income of equity affiliates, net of
tax

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

Year ended December 31,
2014

2013

2015

$

$

468
(1,863)

$

$

592
322

273
(184)

384

(2,219)

(1,665)

(1,011) $

(1,305) $

(1,576)

*) Derived from the audited financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2014, adjusted for acquisition of Insseco (see note 1a).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements. 

F-10

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
U.S. dollars in thousands

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Gain derived from deconsolidation of subsidiary, consolidation of newly-consolidated 

subsidiaries and equity in Gains of affiliated companies

Impairment of other investments
Depreciation and amortization
Changes in value of debentures
Decrease (increase)  in accrued severance pay, net
Loss (gain) from sale of property, plants and equipment
Stock-based compensation expenses
Changes in value of long term loans and deposits, net
Changes in deferred taxes, net
Change in liability in respect of business combinations
Gain from sale and increase in value of marketable securities classified as trading
Amortization of premium and accrued interest on marketable securities
Realized gain from sale of available for sale securities
Cancelation of redeemable non-controlling interests’ put option
Increase in inventories
Increase in trade receivables
Increase in other current and long-term accounts receivable
Increase in trade payables
Increase in other accounts payable and employees and payroll accrual
Increase in deferred revenues

Net cash provided by operating activities

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

F-11

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

$

106,461

$

94,685

$

92,448

(60,684)
-
24,349
670
(1,645)
15
3,978
21
728
(845)
(472)
-
-
-
(128)
(5,658)
(9,113)
3,324
2,515
5,035

68,551

(90,859)
464
8,962
-
(134)
-
4,983
(6,168)
14,393
(3,344)
(397)
-
-
-
(153)
(13,595)
(5,678)
5,331
848
7,335

16,673

(64,123)
-
17,561
103
1,084
-
5,073
(152)
(991)
513
(114)
(289)
(303)
(390)
(2,368)
(12,603)
(1,731)
9,356
10,974
348

54,396

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
U.S. dollars in thousands

Cash flows from investing activities:

Payments for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired (Appendix C)
Purchase of controlling interest in an affiliated company, net of cash acquired (Appendix D)
Changes due to deconsolidation and realization of investments in previously-consolidated 

subsidiaries (Appendix E)

Changes in restrictions on short term deposit
Purchase of property and equipment
Proceeds from sale of (investment in) marketable securities, net
Proceeds from sale of property, plants and equipment
Investment in and loans to affiliates and other companies
Dividends from affiliated company
Changes in short term deposits, net
Capitalization of software development and other costs

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities:

Exercise of employees stock options in subsidiaries
Dividend paid to non-controlling interests and redeemable non-controlling interests in 
subsidiaries
Dividend to Formula's shareholders
Short-term bank credit, net
Repayment of long-term loans from banks and others
Proceeds from long term loans
Proceeds from issuance of Series A and Series B debentures
Purchase of non-controlling interests and redeemable non-controlling interests
Cash paid in conjunction with acquisitions of activities
Repayment of capital lease
Repayment of debenture
Distribution to ultimate parent for a business acquisition under common control

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

(13,253)
-

(31,105)
(193)
(6,868)
(1,519)
102
-
-
(597)
(9,899)

(63,332)

3,036

(16,648)
(5,444)
2,301
(17,586)
21,493
-
(4,447)
(3,863)
(456)
(16,792)
-

(38,406)

4,072

(29,115)
111,238

(8,412)
42,442

(37,374)
(87)
(4,038)
218
-
(7,613)
1,891
(6,141)
(703)

(19,817)

166

(12,131)
(11,629)
5,572
(25,119)
91,706
-
(1,727)
(14,840)
(445)
-
-

31,553

(3,116)

25,293
82,123

(7,614)
-

(45,162)
(1,395)
(5,427)
(716)
-
(3,732)
3,544
6,441
(4,391)

(58,452)

1,557

(13,986)
(12,890)
5,702
(26,868)
32,160
58,556
(360)
(1,280)
(399)
-
(6,350)

35,842

(6,599)

25,187
107,416

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

$

82,123

$

107,416

$

132,603

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

F-12

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
U.S. dollars in thousands

A.

Supplemental cash flow information:

Cash paid in respect of:

Interest

Income tax

B.

Non-cash activities:
Dividend payable to Formula’s shareholders
Purchase of property and equipment

C.

Acquisition of newly-consolidated subsidiaries and activities, net of cash acquired:

Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries consolidated as of acquisition date:

Working capital (other than cash and cash equivalents)
Property and equipment
Goodwill and intangible assets
Other long-term assets
Liabilities to banks
Long-term liabilities
Deferred tax liability, net
Liability to formerly shareholders
Redeemable non-controlling interests at acquisition date

Total

D.

Purchase of controlling interests  in an affiliated company,  net of cash acquired:

Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries consolidated as of acquisition date:
Working capital (other than cash and cash equivalents)
Marketable securities
Other long-term assets and deferred expenses
Property and equipment
Goodwill and intangible assets
Long-term liabilities
Deferred tax liability , net
Investment in affiliated company
Redeemable non-controlling interests at acquisition date
Non-controlling interests at acquisition date
Adjustment to other comprehensive gain

Gain from purchase of controlling interests in an affiliated company,

Total

The accompanying notes form an integral part of the financial statements.

F-13

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

4,808

14,371

-
2,780

(1,534)
(78)
(16,891)
-
-
5,038
212
-
-

(13,253)

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-

5,400

14,467

7,876
-

(4,400)
(92)
(5,778)
-
-
659
408
791
-

(8,412)

4,873
(33,098)
(2,554)
(4,763)
(287,441)
7,449
8,616
161,810
159
178,863
5,115
3,413

42,442

6,044

17,070

-
-

(892)
(228)
(11,611)
(134)
47
1,653
425
2,692
434

(7,614)

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
U.S. dollars in thousands

E.

Changes due to deconsolidation and realization of investments in previously-consolidated 

subsidiaries:

Working capital (other than cash and cash equivalents)
Marketable securities
Property and equipment
Other assets, deferred expenses and long term payables
Long-term liabilities
Deferred tax liability (asset), net
Goodwill and intangible assets
Liabilities to banks
Redeemable non-controlling interests at loss of control date
Non-controlling interests at loss of control date
Investment in affiliated company presentation due to loss of control
Adjustment to other comprehensive (loss) gain
Gain from realization of investments in subsidiaries

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

(12,114)
-
4,085
571
-
-
160,960
-
-
(84,228)
(158,592)
(2,951)
61,164

18,720
-
1,849
(3,954)
-
(1,578)
94,135
(3,172)
(2,806)
(65,769)
(168,810)
10,491
83,520

(11,554)
39,917
5,749
1,062
(9,687)
42,854
286,590
-
(242)
(181,150)
(275,951)
881
56,369

Total

(31,105)

(37,374)

(45,162)

The accompanying notes form an integral part of the financial statements. 

F-14

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 1:- GENERAL

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

a.

Formula  Systems  (1985)  Ltd.  ("Formula")  was  incorporated  in  Israel  and  began  its  business  operations  in  1985.  Since  1991,  Formula's 
ordinary  shares,  par  value  NIS  1.0  per  share,  have  been  traded  on  the  Tel-Aviv  Stock  Exchange  ("TASE"),  and,  in  1997,  began  trading 
through  American  Depositary  Shares  ("ADSs")  under  the  symbol  "FORTY"  on  the  NASDAQ  Global  Market  in  the  United  States  until 
January 3, 2011, at which date the listing of Formula's ADSs was transferred to the NASDAQ Global Select Market ("NASDAQ"). Each 
ADS  represents  one  ordinary  share  of  Formula.  The  Company  is  considered  an  Israeli  resident.  As  of  November,  2010,  the  controlling 
shareholder of the Company is Asseco Poland S.A. ("Asseco"), a Polish public company, traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange.

Formula,  through  its  subsidiaries  and  affiliates  (collectively,  the  "Company"  or  the  "Group")  is  engaged  in  providing  software  services, 
proprietary  and  non-proprietary  software  solutions,  software  product  marketing  and  support,  computer  infrastructure  and  integration 
solutions and learning and integration. The Group operates through four directly held subsidiary and affiliated companies: Matrix IT Ltd. 
("Matrix"); Magic Software Enterprises Ltd. ("Magic"), Sapiens International Corporation N.V ("Sapiens") and, InSync Staffing Solutions, 
Inc (“Insync”).

Sapiens:

On November 19, 2013, Sapiens completed a follow-on public offering of its common shares on the NASDAQ. Sapiens issued 6,497,400 
shares at a price of $ 6.25 per share before issuance expenses. Total net proceeds from the issuance amounted to approximately $ 37,791. As 
a result of the offering, Formula’s interest in Sapiens' outstanding common shares was diluted from 56.8% to 48.6%. Formula's investment 
in Sapiens following the dilution was measured under the equity method of accounting due to loss of control in Sapiens in accordance with 
Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 810, Consolidation. The gain recognized in 
relation of Formula’s loss of control in Sapiens and the related re-measurement of the investment to fair value amounted to $ 61,164 and is 
presented in the income statement as equity in gains of affiliated companies, net (see additional information in note 3a).

From  August  21,  2014  through  December  23,  2014,  Formula  purchased  an  aggregate  of  1,545,802  common  shares  of  Sapiens  through 
broker-initiated and private transactions for an aggregate purchase price of $ 11,908, pursuant to which Formula’s holdings in Sapiens were 
increased to 50.2%. As a result of Formula’s gaining of control in Sapiens, Formula’s investment in Sapiens was consolidated in Formula’s 
closing balances as of December 31, 2014. The gain recognized in relation to the consolidation of Sapiens and the related re-measurement of 
the investment to fair value amounted to $ 3,413 and is presented in the income statement as equity in gains of affiliated companies, net (see 
additional information in note 3a).

From December 23, 2014 until September 30, 2015, Sapiens issued 1,077,003 shares following exercise of options by Sapiens employees 
that  resulted  in  Formula’s  interest  in  Sapiens'  outstanding  common  shares  being  diluted  from  50.2%  to  49.1%.  Formula's  investment  in 
Sapiens following the dilution was measured under the equity method of accounting due to loss of control in Sapiens in accordance with 
ASC  810.  The  gain,  net  of  tax,  recognized  in  relation  of  Formula’s  loss  of  control  in  Sapiens  and  the  related  re-measurement  of  the 
investment to fair value amounted to $ 56,369 and is presented in the income statement as equity in gains of affiliated companies, net (see 
additional information in note 3a).

F-15

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 1:- GENERAL (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

On August  18,  2015  (the  “Acquisition Date”), Sapiens  consummated  the  acquisition  from  Asseco of  all  issued  and  outstanding  shares of 
Insseco Sp. Z O.O. (“Insseco”). Asseco was the ultimate parent company of Sapiens, through Asseco’s holdings in Formula, which has been 
the direct parent company of Sapiens in effective from December 23, 2014 and until September 30, 2015. Insseco is a newly established 
company into which Asseco had transferred all of its Polish insurance employees, certain fixed assets, certain customer contracts and certain 
software, including intellectual property rights.

The acquisition of Insseco from Asseco, which is the ultimate parent company of Sapiens is a transaction between entities under common 
control, and therefore accounted for under the pooling of interest method in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. Under the 
pooling-of-interests  method,  combination  between  two  businesses  under  common  control  is  accounted  for  at  carrying  amounts  with 
retrospective adjustment of prior period financial statements. As the common control commenced on December 23, 2014, the balance sheets 
as of December 31, 2014 of Sapiens and, as such, of Formula were adjusted to reflect the carrying amounts combination between Sapiens 
and Insseco. The results of Sapiens and of Formula for the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2015 were also adjusted to reflect the 
combination with Insseco, accordingly.

Under  the  pooling-of-interests  method,  the  equity  accounts  of  the  combining  entities  are  combined  and  the  difference  between  the 
consideration paid and the net assets acquired is reflected as an equity transaction (i.e., distribution to parent company). As opposed to the 
purchase method of accounting, no intangible assets are recognized in the transaction, other than those existed in the combining entities and 
no goodwill is recognized as a result of the combination.

The application of the pooling-of-interests method with respect to the acquisition of Insseco increased the total assets, liabilities and equity 
as of December 31, 2014 by $ 4,385, $ 2,288, and $ 2,097, respectively. Revenues, pretax income and net income of Insseco for the twelve 
month period ended December 31, 2015, which are included in the consolidated statements of income amounted to $ 7,780, $ 718 and $ 578, 
respectively. (see additional information in note 3a).

F-16

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 1:- GENERAL (Cont.)

Magic:

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

On March 5, 2014, Magic completed a follow-on public offering of its ordinary shares on the NASDAQ. Magic issued 6,900,000 shares at a 
price of $ 8.50 per share before issuance expenses. Total net proceeds from the issuance amounted to $ 54,726. As a result of the offering, 
Formula’s interest in Magic’s outstanding ordinary shares was diluted from 51.6% to 45.0%. Formula's investment in Magic following the 
dilution  was  measured  under  the  equity  method  of  accounting  due  to  loss  of  control  in  Magic  in  accordance  with  ASC  810.  The  gain 
recognized in relation of Formula’s loss of control in Magic and the related re-measurement of the investment to fair value amounted to $ 
83,520 offset by $ 16,361 of deferred tax expenses, both presented in the income statement as equity in gains of affiliated companies, net.

For a description of the Company's operations, see Note 18f.

b.

The following table presents certain information regarding the control and ownership of Formula's significant subsidiaries and affiliates, as 
of the dates indicated (the list consists only of active companies that are held directly by Formula):

Name of subsidiary (affiliate)

Matrix
Magic(1)
Sapiens(2)
Insync

Percentage of ownership 
and control
December 31,

2014

2015

50.18
45.14
50.16
90.09

50.04
46.40
49.13
90.09

1)

2)

From  March  5,  2014  until  December  31,  2015  Magic's  results  of  operations  were  reflected  in  the  Company's  results  of  operations 
using the equity method of accounting.

From  November  19,  2013  until  December  23,  2014  and  from  September  30,  2015  until  December  31,  2015,  Sapiens'  results  of 
operations were reflected in the Company's results of operations using the equity method of accounting.

F-17

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

a.

b.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. 
GAAP"), applied on a consistent basis, as follows:

Use of estimates

The  preparation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  U.S.  GAAP  requires  management  to  make  estimates  and 
assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company's management believes that 
the  estimates,  judgments  and  assumptions  used  are  reasonable  based  upon  information  available  at  the  time  they  are  made.  The  most 
significant  assumptions  are  employed  in  estimates  used  in  determining  values  of  goodwill  and  identifiable  intangible  assets  and  their 
subsequent  impairment  analysis,  revenue  recognition,  tax  assets  and  tax  positions,  legal  contingencies,  research  and  development 
capitalization,  contingent  consideration  related  to  acquisitions,  classification  of  leases,  determining  the  fair  value  of  redeemable  non-
controlling interests and stock-based compensation costs. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

c.

Financial statements in United States dollars

The currency of the primary economic environment in which the operations of Formula and certain of its subsidiaries are conducted is the 
U.S. dollar (the "dollar"); thus, the dollar is the functional currency of Formula and certain subsidiaries. Formula's and certain subsidiaries' 
transactions and balances denominated in dollars are presented at their original amounts. Monetary accounts maintained in currencies other 
than the dollar are remeasured into dollars in accordance with the ASC 830, "Foreign Currency Matters". All transaction gains and losses of 
the  remeasurement  of  monetary  balance  sheet  items  are  reflected  in  the  statements  of  income  as  financial  income  or  expenses,  as 
appropriate.  For  those  subsidiaries  whose  functional  currency  is  not  the  dollar,  all  balance  sheet  amounts  have  been  translated  using  the 
exchange  rates  in  effect  at  each  balance  sheet  date.  Statement  of  income  amounts  have  been  translated  using  the  average  exchange  rate 
prevailing during each year. Such translation adjustments are reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) in equity.

d.

Principles of consolidation

The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  Formula  as  well  as  those  of  its  subsidiaries  in  which  it  has  controlling 
interests. Intercompany balances and transactions, including profit from intercompany sales not yet realized outside the Group, have been 
eliminated upon consolidation.

Changes in the parents’ ownership interest in a subsidiary with no change of control are treated as equity transactions, with any difference 
between the amount of consideration paid and the change in the carrying amount of the non-controlling interest, recognized in equity.

F-18

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

A change in the parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that causes a loss of control results in a deconsolidation of the subsidiary. Gain or 
loss  is  recognized  upon  the  deconsolidation  of  a  subsidiary,  as  the  difference  between  (1)  the  sum  of  the  fair  value  of  any  consideration 
received, the fair value of any retained non-controlling investment in the former subsidiary at the date the subsidiary is deconsolidated, and 
the  carrying  amount  of  any  non-controlling  interest  in  the  former  subsidiary  (including  any  accumulated  other  comprehensive  income 
attributable  to  the  non-controlling  interest)  at  the  date  the  subsidiary  is  deconsolidated,  and  (2)  the  carrying  amount  of  the  former 
subsidiary's assets and liabilities.

A change in the Company’s ownership interest in non-controlling investment that causes a gain of control results in a consolidation of the 
subsidiary. Gain or loss is recognized upon the consolidation of an subsidiary, as the difference between (1) the sum of the fair value of any 
consideration delivered, the fair value of the former non-controlling investment at the date the subsidiary is consolidated, and the carrying 
amount of  any non-controlling interest  in the subsidiary (including  any accumulated other comprehensive income attributable to the non-
controlling interest) at the date the subsidiary is consolidated, and (2) the carrying amount of the subsidiary's assets and liabilities.

Non-controlling interests of subsidiaries represent the non-controlling share of the total comprehensive income (loss) of the subsidiaries and 
fair value of the net assets upon the acquisition of the subsidiaries. The non-controlling interests are presented in equity separately from the 
equity attributable to the equity holders of the Company. Redeemable non-controlling interests are classified as mezzanine, separate from 
permanent equity, on the consolidated balance sheets and measured at each reporting period at the higher of their redemption amount or the 
Non-controlling  interest  book  value,  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  ASC  810  "Consolidation"  and  ASC  480-10-S99-3A, 
"Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity". Certain of the Redeemable non-controlling interests, with a fair value of $ 9,416 as of December 
31, 2015, are subject to immediate exercise.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the redeemable non-controlling interests:

January 1, 2015
Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests
Cancelation of redeemable non-controlling interests’ put option
Dividend paid to redeemable non-controlling interest
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Change due to loss of control in subsidiary
Increase in redeemable non-controlling interests as part of acquisitions 

December 31, 2015

F-19

$

10,313
255
(389)
(322)
(20)
(242)
434

$

10,029

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

e.

Cash and cash equivalents

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  are  short-term  highly  liquid  investments  that  are  readily  convertible  to  cash  with  original  maturities  of  three 
months or less at the date acquired. Cash and cash equivalent includes amounts held primarily in New-Israeli Shekel, U.S. dollars, Euro and 
British Pound.

f.

Short-term and restricted deposits

Short-term deposits include deposits with original maturities of more than three months and less than one year at the date acquired. Such 
deposits are presented at cost (including accrued interest) which approximates their fair value. Restricted deposits include deposits used to 
secure certain subsidiaries’ ongoing projects and credit lines from banks as well as, security deposits with respect to leases.

g.

Marketable securities

The Company accounts for investments in marketable securities in accordance with ASC 320, "Investments - Debt and Equity Securities." 
Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments in marketable debt and equity securities at the time of purchase and 
reevaluates such determinations at each balance sheet date. Debt and equity securities are classified as available-for-sale or as trading and 
reported  at  fair  value.  Unrealized  gains  and  losses  from  marketable  securities  classified  as  "available  for  sale"  are  comprised  of  the 
difference between fair value and the amortized cost of such securities and are excluded from earnings and are reported as a component in 
equity  under  "accumulated  other  comprehensive  income  (loss)."  Realized  gains  and  losses  on  sales  of  investments,  as  determined  on  a 
specific identification basis, are included in financial income, net, together with accretion (amortization) of discount (premium), and interest 
or dividends.

The  Company  recognizes  an  impairment  charge  when  a  decline  in  the  fair  value  of  an  investment  that  falls  below  the  cost  basis  is 
determined  to  be  other-than-temporary.  Factors  considered  in  making  such  a  determination  include  the  duration  and  severity  of  the 
impairment, the reason for the decline in value, the potential recovery period and the Company’s intent to sell, including whether it is more 
likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investment before recovery of cost basis. For securities that are deemed other-
than-temporarily impaired, the amount of impairment is recognized in “net gain on sale of marketable securities previously impaired” in the 
statements of income and is limited to the amount related to credit losses, while impairment related to other factors is recognized in other 
comprehensive  income.  During  2015  and  2014  the  Company  did  not  recognize  an  impairment  charge  as  the  decline  in  fair  value  of  its 
investment in marketable securities is not judged to be other-than-temporary.

F-20

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Unrealized gains and losses from marketable securities classified as "trading" are reported in the consolidated statements of income.

h.

Inventories

Inventories are mainly comprised of purchased merchandise and products which consist of educational software kits, computers, peripheral 
equipment and spare parts. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined on the "first in - first out" basis. 
The  Group  periodically  evaluates  the  condition  and  age  of  inventories  and  makes  provisions  for  impairment  of  slow  moving  inventories 
accordingly. No such impairments have been recognized in any period presented.

i.

Investments in affiliates

Affiliates are companies in which the Group has significant influence over the financial and operating policies without having control and 
that  are  not  subsidiaries.  The  Group's  investment  therein  is  accounted  for  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements of  the  Group using  the 
equity method.

Under the equity method, the investment in an affiliate is presented at cost with the addition of post-acquisition changes in the Group's share 
of net assets, including other comprehensive income of the affiliate. Profits and losses resulting from transactions between the Group and an 
affiliate  are  eliminated  to  the  extent  of  the  interest  in  the  affiliate.  The  equity  method  is  applied  until  the  loss  of  significant  influence  or 
classification as an asset held-for-sale.

Management evaluates investments in equity investees for evidence of other-than-temporary declines in value. Such evaluation is dependent 
on  the  specific  facts  and  circumstances.  Accordingly,  in  determining  whether  other-than-temporary  declines  exist,  management  evaluates 
various indicators for other-than-temporary declines and evaluates financial information (e.g. Share price in the market, budgets, business 
plans, financial statements, etc.).

As of December 31, 2015, the carrying amount of the investment in Magic exceeded its market value. In order to demonstrate that other-
than-temporary  impairment  of  the  investee  has  not  occurred,  the  Company  considered  the  financial  condition  and  near-term  prospects  of 
Magic as well as the Company's intent and ability to retain its investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery 
in market value. In addition the Company used the Income Approach, which utilizes a discounted cash flow model, to determine the fair 
value of Magic, based on which Magic's fair value exceeded its carrying amount by 11%, therefore, during 2015, no impairment loss was 
recognized.  Judgments  and  assumptions  related  to  revenue,  operating  income,  future  short-term  and  long-term  growth  rates,  weighted 
average cost of capital, interest, capital expenditures, cash flows, and market conditions are inherent in developing the discounted cash flow 
model.  With  respect  to  the  assumptions  used,  management  believes  that  reasonably  possible  changes  in  the  key  assumptions  would  not 
change the Company's conclusion.

F-21

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The financial statements of the Company and of its affiliates are prepared as of the same dates and periods. The accounting policies applied 
in the financial statements of the Company’s affiliates are uniform and consistent with the policies applied in the financial statements of the 
Company.

Losses of an affiliate in amounts which exceed its equity are recognized by the Company to the extent of its investment in the affiliate plus 
any  losses  that  the  Company  may  incur  as  a  result  of  a  guarantee  or  other  financial  support  provided  in  respect  of  the  affiliate.  For  this 
purpose, the investment includes long-term receivables (such as loans granted) for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in 
the foreseeable future.

j.

Property, plant and equipment, net

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated by the straight-line method over 
the estimated useful lives of the assets at the following annual rates:

Computers and peripheral equipment
Office furniture and equipment
Motor vehicles
Buildings
Leasehold improvements

k.

Research and development costs

%

7-33 (mainly 33%)
6-20
15
2-4

Over  the  shorter  of  the  lease  term  (including  option  terms  that
are deemed to be reasonably assured) or useful economic life

Research  and  development  costs  incurred  in  the  process  of  software  development  before  establishment  of  technological  feasibility  are 
charged to expenses as incurred. Costs incurred subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility are capitalized according to the 
principles set forth in ASC 985-20, "Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased or Marketed". Based on the Group’s product development process, 
technological feasibility is established upon completion of a detailed program design or working model.

Costs incurred between completion of the detailed program design and the point at which the product is ready for general release, have been 
capitalized.

Capitalized  software  costs  are  amortized  on  a  product  by  product  basis  by  the  straight-line  method  over  the  estimated  useful  life  of  the 
software product (between 4-7 years).

The Group assesses the recoverability of its intangible assets on a regular basis by determining whether the amortization of the asset over its 
remaining economical useful life can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows from the specific software product sold. 
During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, no unrecoverable amounts were identified.

F-22

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

l.

Other intangible assets

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Other intangible assets are comprised mainly of customer-related intangible assets, backlogs, brand names, capitalized courses development 
costs and acquired technology and Patent, and are amortized over their economic useful lives using a method of amortization that reflects the 
pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are consumed or otherwise used up. The useful life of intangible assets is as 
follows:

Customer relationship and acquired technology
Capitalized courses development costs
Brand names
Other intangibles
Patent

Years

3-15
3
5
2-10
10

m.

Impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets subject to amortization

The Group's long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC 360, "Property, Plant and Equipment" whenever events 
or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset to be held and 
used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the 
asset. If such asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount 
of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.

As required by ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements and disclosures" the Company applies assumptions that marketplace participants would 
consider in determining the fair value of long-lived assets (or asset groups). During each of the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 
2015, no impairment was identified.

n.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets 
acquired.  Under  ASC  350,  "Intangibles-Goodwill  and  Other,"  goodwill  is  subject  to  an  annual  impairment  test  or  more  frequently  if 
impairment indicators are present. Goodwill impairment is deemed to exist if the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair 
value (the two-step impairment test).

F-23

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

As of December 31, 2015, and following Sapiens deconsolidation from November 19, 2013 until December 23, 2014 and from September 
30,  2015,  Magic’s  deconsolidation  on  March  5,  2014  and  Insync’s  consolidation  on  April  1,  2014,  the  Company  operated  through  6 
reporting units. As of December 31, 2014, the Company operated through 9 reporting units.

The Company performed annual impairment tests as of December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 and did not identify any impairment losses for 
any of the Company’s reporting units.

In 2013, Sapiens was accounted for under the equity method –see Note 1(a). In 2014, since the company consolidated Sapiens on December 
23, 2014, no impairment test was required. As of December 31, 2015, Sapiens was accounted for under the equity method –see Note 1(a).

Magic  operates  in  two  reporting  units.  The  Company  adopted  the  provisions  of  ASU  2011-08  for  Magic's  reporting  units,  for  its  annual 
impairment  test  in  2013.  This  analysis  determined  that  no  indicators  of  impairment  existed  primarily  because  (1)  Magic's  market 
capitalization was consistently substantially in excess of its book value, (2) the reporting units’ overall financial performance has been stable 
or improving, and (3) forecasts of operating income and cash flows generated by the reporting units' appear sufficient to support the book 
values of the net assets of each reporting unit.

As of December 31, 2014 and 2015, Magic was accounted for under the equity method –see Note 2(i).

Matrix – In 2013, 2014 and 2015, the Company performed step one of the quantitative impairment test for each of Matrix's reporting units. 
The Company compared the fair value of the reporting units to the carrying value of net assets allocated to each of the reporting units. Since 
the fair value of each of the reporting units exceed the carrying value of the net assets allocated, to each of the reporting units, no further 
testing was required and no goodwill impairment was recorded.

o.

Business combinations

The  Company  accounts  for  business  combinations  under  ASC  805,  "Business  Combinations."  ASC  805  requires  recognition  of  assets 
acquired,  liabilities  assumed,  non-controlling  interest  and  redeemable  non-controlling  interest  in  the  acquiree  at  the  acquisition  date, 
measured  at  their  fair  values  as  of  that  date.  As  required  by  ASC  820,  "Fair  Value  Measurements  and  disclosures"  the  Company  applies 
assumptions  that  marketplace  participants  would  consider  in  determining  the  fair  value  of  assets  acquired,  liabilities  assumed,  non-
controlling interest and redeemable non-controlling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date. Any excess of the fair value of net assets 
acquired over purchase price and any subsequent changes in estimated contingencies are to be recorded in earnings.

F-24

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

p.

Severance pay

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Formula's and its Israeli subsidiaries' and affiliates’ obligations for severance pay with respect to their Israeli employees (for the period for 
which  the  employees  were  not  included  under  Section  14  of  Israel's  Severance  Pay  Law,  1963  (the  "Severance  Pay  Law"))  is  calculated 
pursuant to the Severance Pay Law based on the most recent salary of the employees multiplied by the number of years of employment as of 
the balance sheet date, and are presented on an undiscounted basis (referred to as the "Shut Down Method"). Employees are entitled to one 
month's  salary  for  each  year  of  employment  or  a  portion  thereof.  The  obligation  for  all  of  its  Israeli  employees  is  covered  in  part  by 
managers' insurance policies, for which Formula and its Israeli subsidiaries and affiliates make monthly deposits with insurance policies and 
pension  funds  (the  “plan  assets").  Plan  assets  are  comprised  of  assets  held  by  a  long-term  employee  benefit  fund  or  qualifying  insurance 
policies. Plan assets are not available to Formula's own creditors and cannot be returned directly to Formula. The Plan assets include profits 
(losses) accumulated up to the balance sheet date. The Plan assets may be withdrawn only upon the fulfillment of the obligation pursuant to 
Israel's Severance Pay Law or employment agreements. The value of the Plan assets is based on the cash-surrendered value of these policies 
and is recorded as an asset on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

Formula's and its Israeli subsidiaries' and affiliates defined with certain of their Israeli employees’ contribution plans pursuant to Section 14 
of the Severance Pay Law, such that their contributions for severance pay shall be instead of their severance liability. Upon contribution of 
the full amount of the employee's monthly salary, and release of the policy to the employee, no additional calculations shall be conducted 
between the parties regarding the matter of severance pay and no additional payments shall be made by the respective Group entity to its 
employee. Further, the related obligation and amounts deposited on behalf of such obligation are not stated on the balance sheet, as they are 
legally released from obligation to employees once the deposit amounts have been paid.

Deposits under Section 14 are not recorded as an asset on the Company's balance sheet. 

Total expenses in respect of severance pay for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015 were $ 13,136, $ 11,070 and $ 12,525, respectively.

q.

Revenue Recognition

The  Group  derives  its  revenues  primarily  from  the  sale  of  information  technology  (or  “IT”)  services  which  also  include  sale  of:  non-
proprietary software products, including maintenance, integration and infrastructure, outsourcing, training and deployment. In addition, the 
Group generates revenues from licensing the rights to use its proprietary software, provision of related IT professional services (which may 
or  may  not  be  considered  essential  to  the  functionality  of  the  software  license),  related  maintenance  and  technical  support,  as  well  as 
implementation and post-implementation consulting services.

F-25

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Revenues  from IT  services are  generally  recognized in  accordance  with ASC  605,  "Revenue Recognition" and  Staff  Accounting Bulletin 
No. 104, "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements" when IT service is provided and the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence 
of an arrangement exists, delivery of the product has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is probable. The Group 
generally  considers all  arrangements  with  payment  terms  extending beyond  a  minimum of  six  or a maximum of twelve  months  from the 
delivery of the elements not to be fixed or determinable. If the fee is not fixed or determinable, revenue is recognized as payments become 
due from the customer, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met

Revenues  from  the  sale  of  products  are  recognized  after  all  the  significant  risks  and  rewards  of  ownership  of  the  products  have  been 
transferred to the buyer, the Group does not retain any continuing management involvement that is associated with ownership and does not 
retain the effective control of the sold products, the amount of revenues can be measured reliably, it is probable that the economic benefits 
associated with the transaction will flow to the Group and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured 
reliably.

Revenues derived from the sale of hardware products and infrastructure solutions are recognized after all the significant risks and rewards of 
ownership  of  the  products  have  been  transferred to  the  buyer,  the Group  does  not  retain  any  continuing  management  involvement  that is 
associated with ownership and does not retain the effective control of the sold products, the amount of revenues can be measured reliably, it 
is  probable  that  the  economic  benefits  associated  with  the  transaction  will  flow  to  the  Group  and  the  costs  incurred  or  to  be  incurred  in 
respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

Revenues  derived  from  licensing  the  rights  to  use  software  are  recognized  in  accordance  with  ASC  985-605  "Software  Revenue 
Recognition" when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the vendor's fee is fixed or determinable, no further 
obligation exists and collectability is probable.

Maintenance and support includes annual maintenance contracts providing for unspecified upgrades for new versions and enhancements on a 
when-and-if-available  basis  for  an  annual  fee.  The  right  for  unspecified  upgrades  for  new  versions  and  enhancements  on  a  when-and-if-
available basis do not specify the features, functionality and release date of future product enhancements for the customer to know what will 
be made available and the general timeframe in which it will be delivered.

Maintenance  and  support  revenue  included  in  multiple  element  arrangements  is  deferred  and  recognized  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the 
term of the maintenance and support agreement.

As  required  by  ASC  985-605,  the  Group  allocates  revenues  to  the  software  component  of  its  multiple-element  arrangements  using  the 
residual  method  when  vendor  specific  objective  evidence  ("VSOE")  of  fair  value  exists  for  the  undelivered  elements  of  the  support  and 
maintenance agreements. VSOE is based on the price charged when an element is sold separately or renewed. Under the residual method, 
the fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the arrangement fee is allocated to the delivered elements 
and recognized as revenue.

F-26

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Revenues  from  professional  services  provided  on  an  hourly  basis  which  are  not  deemed  essential  to  the  functionality  of  the  licenses  are 
recognized as the services are rendered. Revenues from time-and-materials contracts for which the Group is reimbursed for labor hours at 
fixed hourly billing rates are recognized as revenues as the services are provided.

Certain  of  the  software  license  sales  may  also  include  significant  implementation  and  customization  services  with  respect  to  such  sales 
which are deemed essential to the functionality of the license. In addition, the Group also provides consulting services that are not deemed 
essential to the functionality of the license, as well as outsourcing IT services.

With respect to revenues that involve significant implementation and customization services to customer specific requirements and which 
are considered essential to the functionality of the product offered (for example when the Group sells software licenses as part of an overall 
solution  offered  to  a  customer  that  combines  the  sale  of  software  licenses  which  includes  significant  implementation  that  is  considered 
essential  to  the  functionality  of  the  license)  whether  generated  by  fixed-price  or  time-and-materials  contracts  the  Company  accounts  for 
revenues  for  the  services  together  with  the  software  under  contract,  using  the  percentage-of-completion  method  in  accordance  with  ASC 
605-35, "Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts". The percentage-of-completion method is used when the required services are 
quantifiable, based on the estimated number of labor hours necessary to complete the project, and under that method revenues are recognized 
using labor hours incurred as the measure of progress towards completion. This type of revenues is included in the Company’s Proprietary 
software products and related services and software services revenue streams.

Estimates  of  total  project  requirements  are  based  on  prior  experience  of  customization,  delivery  and  acceptance  of  the  same  or  similar 
technology, and are reviewed and updated regularly by management. After delivery, if uncertainty exists about customer acceptance of the 
software, license revenue is not recognized until acceptance. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period 
in which such losses are first determined, in the amount of the estimated loss on the entire contract. As of each of December 31, 2014 and 
2015, no estimated losses were identified.

Revenue from third-party sales is recorded at a gross or net amount according to certain indicators. The application of these indicators for 
gross and net reporting of revenue depends on the relative facts and circumstances of each sale and requires significant judgment.

The Group generally does not grant a right of return to its customers. When a right of return exists, revenue is deferred until the right of 
return expires, at which time revenue is recognized, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria are met. Deferred revenue includes 
unearned  amounts  received  under  maintenance  and  support  contracts  and  amounts  received  from  customers  but  not  yet  recognized  as 
revenues.

F-27

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

r.

Income taxes

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The Group accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, "Income Taxes." This codification prescribes the use of the "liability" 
method, whereby deferred tax assets and liability account balances are determined based on the differences between financial reporting and 
tax  bases  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  are  measured  using  the  enacted  tax  rates  and  laws  that  will  be  in  effect  when  the  differences  are 
expected to reverse. Formula and its subsidiaries and affiliates provide a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to 
their estimated realizable value.

The  Group  utilizes  a  two-step  approach  for  recognizing  and  measuring  uncertain  tax  positions  accounted  for  in  accordance  with  an 
amendment  of  ASC  740  "Income  Taxes."  The  first  step  is  to  evaluate  a  tax  position  taken  or  expected  to  be  taken  in  a  tax  return  by 
determining  whether  the  weight  of  available  evidence  indicates  that  it  is  more  likely  than  not  that,  based  on  its  technical  merits,  the  tax 
position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax 
benefit  as  the  largest  amount  that  is  more  than  50%  (commutative  basis)  likely  to  be  realized  upon  ultimate  settlement  with  the  tax 
authorities. The Group accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in its provisions for income taxes.

s.

Basic and diluted net earnings per share

Basic net earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during each year. Diluted 
net earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during each year plus dilutive 
potential equivalent of ordinary shares considered outstanding during the year, in accordance with ASC 260, "Earnings Per Share".

t.

Treasury shares

Repurchased  ordinary  shares  are  held  as  treasury  shares.  The  Company  presents  the  cost  to  repurchase  treasury  stock  as  a  reduction  of 
shareholders’ equity.

u.

Concentration of credit risk

Financial  instruments  that  potentially  subject  the  Group  to  concentrations  of  credit  risk  consist  principally  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents, 
short-term bank deposits, restricted cash, trade receivables, marketable securities and foreign currency derivative contracts.

The majority of the Group's cash and cash equivalents, bank deposits and marketable securities are invested with major banks in Israel, the 
United States and Europe. Such cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposits in the United States may be in excess of insured limits 
and are not insured in other jurisdictions. Management believes that these financial instruments are held in financial institutions with high 
credit standing, and accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these investments.

F-28

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The  Group’s marketable  securities  include  investments  in commercial  and  government  bonds  and  foreign banks. The Group's marketable 
securities  are  considered  to  be  highly  liquid  and  have  a  high  credit  standing.  In  addition,  managements  of  the  Group’s  subsidiaries  and 
affiliates  limit  the  amount  that  may  be  invested  in  any  one  type  of  investment  or  issuer,  thereby  reducing  credit  risk  concentrations  and 
consider their portfolios in foreign banks to be well-diversified (also refer to Note 4).

The Group's trade receivables are generally derived from sales to large organizations located mainly in Israel, North America, Europe and 
Asia Pacific. The Group performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and to date has not experienced any material losses. In certain 
circumstances, Formula, its subsidiaries and its affiliates may require letters of credit, other collateral or additional guarantees. From time to 
time, the Group sells certain of its accounts receivable to financial institutions, within the normal course of business.

The Group maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable based upon management's experience and estimate of collectability of 
each outstanding invoice. The allowance for doubtful accounts is determined with respect to specific debts that are doubtful of collection. 
The bad debt expense net for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 was $ 1,926, $ 1,119 and $ 388 respectively. The risk of 
collection associated with accounts receivable is mitigated by the diversity and number of customers.

From time to time, the Group transfers financial assets by factoring of accounts receivable and credit card vouchers to a financial institution. 
ASC 860, "Transfers and Servicing," establishes a standard for determining when a transfer of financial assets should be accounted for as a 
sale. Certain underlying conditions must be met for the transfer of financial assets to qualify for accounting as a sale. All sales of receivable 
were closed during the years and as so there are no outstanding sales of receivables as of December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015.

The agreements pursuant to which the Company sells certain of its trade receivables are structured such that the Company (i) transfers the 
proprietary  rights  in  the  receivable  from  the  Company  to  the  financial  institution;  (ii)  legally  isolates  the  receivable  from  the  Company's 
other  assets, and presumptively puts  the receivable beyond the legal  reach of  the Company  and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other 
receivership;  (iii)  confers  on  the  financial  institution  the  right  to  pledge  or  exchange  the  receivable;  and  (iv)  eliminates  the  Company's 
effective control over the receivable, in the sense that the Company is not entitled and shall not be obligated to repurchase the receivable 
other than in case of failure by the Company to fulfill its commercial obligation.

From time to time, the Group enters into foreign exchange forward and option contracts intended to protect against the changes in value of 
forecasted  non-dollar  currency  cash  flows.  These  derivative  instruments  are  designed  to  offset  a  portion  of  the  Company's  non-dollar 
currency exposure (see Note 2y below).

F-29

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

v.

Stock-based compensation

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The Group accounts for share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, "Compensation - Stock Compensation." which requires the 
measurement and recognition of compensation expense based on estimated fair values for all share-based payment awards made. ASC 718 
requires companies to estimate the fair value of equity-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model. The value 
of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service periods in the Company's 
consolidated statements of income.

The Group measures and recognizes compensation expense for share-based awards based on estimated fair values on the date of grant using 
the  Binomial  option-pricing  model  (the  "Binomial  model").  The  Binomial  model  takes  into  account  variables  such  as  volatility,  dividend 
yield rate, and risk-free interest rate and also allows for the use of dynamic assumptions and considers the contractual term of the option, the 
probability that the option will be exercised prior to the end of its contractual life, and the probability of termination or retirement of the 
option holder in computing the value of the option.

Stock based compensation expenses recorded on the subsidiaries' level are presented in non-controlling interests.

The  fair  value  for  Formula's  subsidiaries'  share  options  granted  to  employees  and  directors  was  estimated  using  the  following  weighted-
average assumptions:

Magic (the Binomial model):

Contractual term of up to
Expected volatility
Dividend yield
Risk-free interest rate(1)

Suboptimal exercise multiple(2) (employees)
Suboptimal exercise multiple(2) (executives)

Year ended December 31,
2014

2013

10 years
32%-59%
0%
0.1%-2.6%

2
2

10 years
32% - 59%
0%
0.1%-2.6%

-
2

1) The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with an equivalent term to the contractual term of 

the options.

2) The suboptimal exercise factor is the ratio by which the stock price must increase over the exercise price before employees are expected

to exercise their stock options. This factor is estimated based on employees' historical option exercise behavior.

There were no grants by Magic during 2015.

F-30

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

Sapiens (the Binomial model):

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Contractual life
Expected exercise factor (weighted average)
Dividend yield
Expected volatility (weighted average)
Risk-free interest rate

Year ended December 31,

2013

2014

2015

6 years
1.5-2
0%
54.3%
1.0%-2.1%

6 years
1.5-2
0%
48.9%
1.8-1.9%

6 years
1.5
0%
43.0%-44.1%
1.6%-1.8%

The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on the yield from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with an equivalent term as of the Sapiens’
employee stock options. Since dividend payment is applied to reduce the exercise price of the option, the effect of the dividend protection is
reflected by using an expected dividend assumption of zero. The expected life of options granted is derived from the output of the option
valuation  model  and  represents  the  period  of  time  the  options  are  expected  to  be  outstanding.  The  expected  exercise  factor  is  based  on
industry acceptable rates since no actual historical behavior by option holders exists. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility
of the Sapiens share price.

Matrix (the Binomial model):
There were no grants by Matrix during 2013 and 2014. During 2015, Matrix granted 2,150,000 options. The fair value of those options was 
estimated by using the following assumptions under the Binomial model:

Contractual term of up to
Dividend yield
Expected volatility
Risk-free interest rate(1)
Expected exercise factor (2)

2015

5 years
0%
19% - 22%
0.08% - 1.31%
1.3

1) The  risk-free  interest  rate  is  based  on  the  yield  from  Nominal  Israeli  Government  bonds  (“Shachar”)  with  an  equivalent  term  to  the 

contractual term of the options.

2) The Expected exercise factor is the ratio by which the stock price must increase over the exercise price before employees are expected

to exercise their stock options. This factor is estimated based on employees' historical option exercise behavior.

Insync (the Binomial model):

In  February  2015,  Insync’s  board  of  directors  awarded  its  chief  executive  officer  11  restricted  shares  (the  “restricted  shares”).  These 
restricted shares vest on a quarterly basis over one year, commencing on February 2, 2015 and concluding on February 2, 2016. Total fair
value of the grant was calculated based on Insync’s valuation as of January 1, 2015 and equaled to $ 44 ($ 4 per share).

F-31

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

Formula (the Binomial model):

For grants to Formula's employees - see Note 13.

w.

Derivatives instruments

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

A material portion of the Group's revenues, expenses and earnings is exposed to changes in foreign exchange rates. Depending on market 
conditions, foreign exchange risk is also managed through the use of derivative financial instruments. These financial instruments serve to 
protect net income against the impact of the translation into U.S. dollars of certain foreign exchange-denominated transactions.

The  derivative  instruments  primarily  hedge  or  offset  exposures  to  Euro,  Japanese  Yen  and  New  Israeli  Shekel  ("NIS")  exchange  rate 
fluctuations.

ASC  815,  "Derivatives  and  Hedging,"  requires  companies  to  recognize  all  of  their  derivative  instruments  as  either  assets  or  liabilities  on 
their balance sheet at fair value. Derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedges of forecasted transactions (i.e., cash flow 
hedges)  are  carried  at  fair  value  with  the  effective  portion  of  a  derivative's  gain  or  loss  recorded  in  other  comprehensive  income  and 
subsequently recognized in earnings in the same period or periods in which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. For derivative 
instruments that are not designated and qualified as hedging instruments, the gains or losses on the derivative instruments are recognized in 
current earnings during the period of the change in fair values.

The derivative instruments used by Group are designed to reduce the market risk associated with the exposure of its underlying transactions 
to fluctuations in currency exchange rates.

Magic has instituted a foreign currency cash flow hedging program, in order to hedge against the risk of overall changes in future cash flows. 
From time to time, Magic hedges portions of its forecasted expenses denominated in NIS with currency forward contracts and put and call 
options. These forward and option contracts are designated as cash flow hedges. Matrix's and Sapiens' transactions, however, did not qualify 
as  hedging  instruments  under  ASC  815  "Derivatives  and  hedging"  and  as  such  resulted  in  recognition  of  gains  or  losses  related  to  the 
transactions as financial income or expense in the consolidated statements of income.

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge (i.e., hedging the exposure to variability in expected future 
cash  flows  that  is  attributable  to  a  particular  risk),  the  effective  portion  of  the  gain  or  loss  on  the  derivative  instrument  is  reported  as  a 
component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction 
affects earnings. The remaining gain or loss on the derivative instrument in excess of the cumulative change in the present value of future 
cash  flows  of  the  hedged  item,  if  any,  is  recognized  in  current  earnings  during  the  period  of  change.  For  derivative  instruments  not 
designated as hedging instruments, the gain or loss is recognized in current earnings during the period of change.

F-32

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

At December 31, 2014 and 2015, the Group did not have any cash flow hedges.

In 2013, the ineffective net gain (loss) and amounts related to derivatives not classified as hedging recognized in the statements of income 
were $ 139.

x.

Comprehensive income (loss)

The Group accounts for comprehensive income (loss) in accordance with ASC 220 "Comprehensive Income." This codification establishes 
standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components in a full set of general purpose financial statements. 
Comprehensive  income  (loss)  generally  represents  all  changes  in  equity  during  the  period  except  those  resulting  from  investments  by,  or 
distributions  to,  shareholders.  The  Company  determined  that  its  items  of  other  comprehensive  income  (loss)  relate  to  gain  and  loss  on 
foreign currency translation adjustments, unrealized gain and loss on derivatives instruments designated as a hedge, and unrealized gain and 
loss on available-for-sale marketable securities.

y.

Fair value measurement

The Group accounts for certain assets and liabilities at fair value under ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures". Fair value is 
an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between 
market  participants.  As  such,  fair  value  is  a  market-based  measurement  that  should  be  determined  based  on  assumptions  that  market 
participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, ASC 820 establishes a three-tier value 
hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:

Level 1 -

Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets;

Level 2 -

Significant other observable inputs based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity; and

Level 3 -

Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity (for example, cash flow modeling inputs based on 
assumptions).

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when 
measuring fair value. The Company categorized each of its fair value measurements in one of these three levels of hierarchy. Assets and 
liabilities  measured  at  fair  value  on  a  recurring  basis  are  comprised  of  marketable  securities,  foreign  currency  forward  contracts  and 
contingent consideration of acquisitions (see Note 5).

F-33

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Foreign currency derivative contracts are classified within Level 2 as the valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and market observable 
data of similar instruments. The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents, short term bank deposits, trade 
receivables, other accounts receivable, short-term bank credit, trade payables and other accounts payable approximate their fair values due to 
the short-term maturities of such instruments.

z.

Capital lease

The  Group  has  accounted  for  its  assets  which  are  under  a  capital  lease  arrangement  in  accordance  with  ASC  840  "Leases.".  In  order  to 
determine whether to classify a lease as a capital lease or an operating lease, the Group evaluates whether the lease transfers substantially all 
the  risks  and  benefits  incidental  to  ownership  of  the  leased  asset.  In  this  respect,  the  Group  evaluates  such  criteria  as  the  existence  of  a 
bargain purchase option, the lease term in relation to the economic life of the asset and the present value of the minimum lease payments in 
relation  to  the  fair  value  of  the  asset. Accordingly,  assets  under  a  capital  lease  are  stated  as  assets  of  the  Group  on  the  basis  of  ordinary 
purchase prices (without the financing component), and depreciated according to the usual depreciation rates applicable to such assets. The 
lease  payments  payable  in  forthcoming  years,  net  of  the  interest  component  included  in  them,  are  included  in  liabilities.  The  interest  in 
respect of such amounts is accrued on a current basis and is charged to earnings.

aa.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842), whereby lessees will be required to recognize for all leases at the 
commencement date a lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted 
basis; and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease 
term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. A modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or 
entered  into  after,  the  beginning  of  the  earliest  comparative  period  presented  in  the  financial  statements  must  be  applied.  The  modified 
retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. 
Companies may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after 
December 15, 2018. Early application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of this pronouncement.

In  November  2015,  the  FASB  issued  Accounting  Standards  Update  2015-17  (ASU  2015-17)  Balance  Sheet  Classification  of  Deferred 
Taxes, which requires that deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities be classified as noncurrent in the balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 is 
effective  for  the  interim  and  annual  periods  ending  after  December  15,  2016.  Early  adoption  is  permitted,  and  the  Company  adopted  the 
provisions of ASU 2015-17 retrospectively as of December 31, 2015. As a result of the retrospective application, the Company reclassified 
on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2014 an amount of $ 5,164 of deferred tax assets from the current assets to the long-
term assets as part of the Long term deferred tax asset and amount of $ 1,375 of deferred tax liabilities from the current liabilities to the long-
term liabilities as part of the Long term deferred tax liability.

F-34

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

On  May  28,  2014,  the  FASB  completed  its  Revenue  Recognition  project  by  issuing  ASU  No.  2014-09,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with 
Customers (Topic 606). The new guidance establishes the principles to report useful information to users of financial statements about the 
nature, timing, and uncertainty of revenue from contracts with customers. The new Revenue Recognition guidance is effective for annual 
reporting  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2017,  including  interim  periods  within  that  reporting  period,  though  early  adoption  is 
permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the method of adoption, as 
well as the effect that adoption of this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

F-35

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 3:-

BUSINESS COMBINATION, SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTION AND SALE OF BUSINESS

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

a. On  November  19,  2013,  Sapiens  completed  a  follow-on  public  offering  of  its  ordinary  shares  on  the  NASDAQ.  Sapiens  issued 
6,497,400  shares  at  a  price  of  $  6.25  per  share  before  issuance  expenses.  Total  net  proceeds  from  the  issuance  amounted  to 
approximately $ 37,791. As a result of the offering, Formula’s interest in Sapiens' outstanding common shares was diluted from 56.8% 
to 48.6% and due to the loss of control in Sapiens in accordance with ASC 810, the Company started applying the equity method of 
accounting to reflect its investment in Sapiens. The gain recognized in relation of Formula’s interest in in Sapiens' outstanding common 
shares, diluting to 48.6%, amounted to $ 61,164 and is presented in the income statement as equity in gains of affiliated companies, net. 
The fair value of the retained investment in Sapiens was measured according to Sapiens' share price on November 19, 2013 of $7.09 per 
share.

From August 21, 2014 through December 23, 2014, Formula purchased an aggregate of 1,545,802 common shares of Sapiens through 
broker-initiated and private transactions for an aggregate purchase price of $ 11,908, pursuant to which Formula’s holdings in Sapiens 
were  increased  to  50.2%.  As  a  result  of  Formula’s  gaining  control  in  Sapiens,  Formula’s  investment  in  Sapiens  was  consolidated  in 
Formula’s closing balances as of December 31, 2014. The gain recognized in relation to the consolidation of Sapiens and the related re-
measurement of the investment to fair value amounted to $ 3,413 and is presented in the income statement as equity in gains of affiliated 
companies, net.

The acquisition was accounted for using the purchase method. The results of operations of Sapiens have been consolidated commencing 
as of December 23, 2014.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with reference to the acquisition 
as of December 23, 2014:

Net assets
Customer relationships
Developed and acquired Technology
Backlog and deferred revenues
Deferred revenues
OCS liability (See note 15f)
Deferred tax liability, net
Non-controlling interest
Goodwill

$

171,527
20,707
19,066
3,351
513
(4,437)
(10,796)
(174,194)
149,559

Net assets acquired

$

175,296

In performing the purchase price allocation, management considered, among other factors, analyses of historical financial performance, 
highest and best use of the acquired assets and estimates of future performance of Sapiens' business. In performing the purchase price 
allocation,  the  fair  value  of  intangible  assets  such  as  customer  relationship  was  determined  based  on  the  income  approach  and  core 
technology was valued using the relief from royalty method.

F-36

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 3:-

BUSINESS COMBINATION, SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTION AND SALE OF BUSINESS (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The following represents the unaudited pro forma condensed results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, as 
if  Sapiens  had  been  controlled  by  Formula  during  the  entire  period  from  January  1,  2013,  after  giving  effect  to  purchase  accounting 
adjustments, including amortization of intangible assets as well as the gains recorded upon the changes in control over Sapiens which 
occurred during the period. This pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of the combined results that would have 
been attained had the purchase of Sapiens shares taken place at the beginning of 2013, nor is it necessarily indicative of future results.

Total revenues
Net income attributable to Formula Shareholders

Earnings per share

Basic
Diluted

Year ended December 31,

2013

2014

Unaudited

$
$

$
$

813,977
20,027

1.46
1.38

$
$

$
$

793,124
82,033

5.89
5.67

From  December  23,  2014  until  September  30,  2015,  Sapiens  issued  1,077,003  shares  following  exercise  of  options  by  Sapiens 
employees  that  resulted  in  Formula’s  interest  in  Sapiens'  outstanding  common  shares  being  diluted  from  50.2%  to  49.1%.  Formula's 
investment in Sapiens following the dilution was measured under the equity method of accounting due to loss of control in Sapiens in 
accordance  with  ASC  810.  The  gain,  net  of  tax,  recognized  in  relation  of  Formula  loss  of  control  in  Sapiens  and  the  related  re-
measurement  of  the  investment  to  fair  value  amounted  to  $  56,369  and  is  presented  in  the  income  statement  as  equity  in  gains  of 
affiliated companies.

b. On  August  18,  2015  (the  “acquisition  date”),  Sapiens  completed  the  acquisition  from  Asseco  of  all  issued  and  outstanding  shares  of 
Insseco. Asseco was the ultimate parent company of Sapiens, through holding in Formula, which has been the direct parent company of 
Sapiens  from  December  23,  2014  and  until  September  30,  2015.  Insseco  is  a  newly  established  company  into  which  Asseco  had 
transferred  all  of  its  Polish  insurance  employees,  certain  fixed  assets,  certain  customer  contracts  and  certain  software  including 
intellectual property rights. Insseco has a team of approximately 140 insurance professionals and an established presence in the Polish 
insurance market, and services major insurance customers in Poland, including top tier insurance carriers.

F-37

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 3:-

BUSINESS COMBINATION, SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTION AND SALE OF BUSINESS (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Sapiens  paid  the  acquisition  consideration  in  cash,  consisting  of  34,300  Polish  Zloty  or  approximately  $9,100.  In  addition,  the 
transaction  consideration  includes  upside  or  downside  performance  based  payments  relating  to  achievements  of  revenue  goals  and 
profitability over the next five years. If the aggregate revenues generated by Insseco from its activity from July 1, 2015 through June 30, 
2020 exceed 90,000 Polish Zloty or approximately $23,800, Asseco shall be entitled to receive additional amounts ranging from 3% to 
15% of the excess amount of the respective revenues. If the aggregate revenues generated by Insseco for the period from July 1, 2015 
through June 30, 2018 are below 84,000 Polish Zloty or $22,200, the seller shall pay Sapiens an amount equal to 35% of the deficiency 
below such amount. In addition, the amounts payable to Asseco may be adjusted upwards or downwards as a result of changes in the 
profitability of a specific account that Sapiens acquired as part of the acquisition. The estimated fair value of the contingent payments 
that depend on the revenue and profitability goals as of December 31, 2015 is $887.

The acquisition of Insseco from Asseco, which was as of the acquisition date the ultimate parent company of Sapiens, is a transaction 
between entities under common control, and therefore accounted for under the pooling of interest method in accordance with ASC 805, 
Business  Combinations.  Under  the  pooling-of-interests  method,  combination  between  two  businesses  under  common  control  is 
accounted for at carrying amounts with retrospective adjustment of prior period financial statements. As the common control achieved 
on  December  23,  2014,  the  balance  sheet  as  of  December  31,  2014  of  Sapiens  and  as  such  of  Formula  were  adjusted  to  reflect  the 
carrying amounts combination between Sapiens and Insseco. The results of Sapiens for the twelve-month period ended December 31, 
2015 were also adjusted to reflect the combination with Insseco, accordingly.

Under  the  pooling-of-interests  method,  the  equity  accounts  of  the  combining  entities  are  combined  and  the  difference  between  the 
consideration paid and the net assets acquired is reflected as an equity transaction (i.e., distribution to parent company). As opposed to 
the  purchase  method  of  accounting,  no  intangible  assets  are  recognized  in  the  transaction,  other  than  those  existed  in  the  combining 
entities and no goodwill is recognized as a result of the combination. The application of the pooling-of-interests method with respect to 
the  acquisition  of  Insseco  increased  the  total  assets,  liabilities  and  equity  as  of  December  31,  2014  by  $4,385,  $2,288,  and  $2,097, 
respectively.  Revenues,  pretax  income  and  net  income  of  Insseco  for  the  twelve  month  period  ended  December  31,  2015,  which  are 
included in the consolidated statements of income amounted to $7,780, $718 and $578, respectively.

c. On May 6, 2015, Sapiens completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding shares of Ibexi Solution Private Limited (Ibexi), an India-
based  provider  of  insurance  business  and  technology  solutions  which  services  18  insurers  both  in  the  Property  &  Casualty/General 
Insurance (“P&C”) and Life, Annuities and Pensions (“L&P”) markets throughout Southeast Asia, in total consideration of $4,764 (net 
of  acquired  cash)  including  a  contingent  payment  valued  at  $949  on  the  acquisition  date.  In  addition,  an  amount  of  approximately 
$1,900 is subject to continued employment and therefore not part of the purchase price but is recognized over the service period. The 
acquisition was accounted for by the purchase method.

Ibexi was founded in 2001 and operates in the Asia Pacific region, servicing insurers in both the property and casualty and life, pension 
and annuities markets, including leading insurance companies in India. 

F-38

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 3:-

BUSINESS COMBINATION, SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTION AND SALE OF BUSINESS (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

d. On April 1, 2015 Xtivia Inc (a wholly owned subsidiary of Matrix) completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding shares of Hydus 
Inc in total consideration of $ 2,500 (net of acquired cash). Hydus Inc. is a U.S based consulting firm specializing in software services in 
the  field  of  EIM  (Enterprise  Information  Management).  In  addition,  the  sellers  may  be  eligible  for  future  consideration,  valued  at  $ 
1,600  as  of  December  31,  2015,  subject  to  obtaining  accumulated  operating  income  targets  during  three  years  (not  exceeding  Hydus 
operating income). The acquisition was accounted for by the purchase method. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair 
value  of  the  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  assumed  in  a  total  of  approximately  $  3,700,  of  which  $  575  was  allocated  to  intangible 
assets, with the remaining allocated to goodwill.

e. On May 7, 2015, Matrix completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding shares of Ono Apps Ltd., an Israeli based service provider 
specializing in mobile applications development services, in total consideration of NIS 4,600 (approximately $ 1,200, net of acquired 
cash). In addition, the sellers may be eligible for future consideration, valued at $ 313 as of December 31, 2015, subject to obtaining 
accumulated operating income targets during three years commencing on January 1, 2016 and not exceeding NIS 5,000 (approximately 
$ 1,300). The acquisition was accounted for by the purchase method. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of 
the  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  assumed  in  a  total  of  approximately  NIS  5,500  (approximately  $  1,400),  of  which  NIS  1,600 
(approximately $ 400) was allocated to intangible assets, with the remaining allocated to goodwill.

f. On  April  14,  2015,  Magic  acquired  a  70%  interest  in  Comblack  IT  Ltd.,  an  Israeli-based  company  that  specializes  in  software 
professional  and  outsource  management  services  for  mainframes  and  complex  large-scale  environments,  for  a  total  consideration  of 
$1,812, of which $ 1,523 was paid upon closing and $ 289 is contingent upon the acquired business meeting certain operational targets 
in 2015. Magic and the seller hold mutual Call and Put options respectively for the remaining 30% interest in Combalck IT Ltd. As a 
result of the Put option, Magic recorded redeemable non-controlling interest in the amount of $ 1,100. The acquisition was accounted 
for  by  the  purchase  method.  In  March  2016,  Magic  paid  the  seller  the  remaining  contingent  payments  for  meeting  2015  operational 
targets.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities at the date of acquisition:

F-39

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 3:-

BUSINESS COMBINATION, SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTION AND SALE OF BUSINESS (Cont.)

Net Assets, excluding cash acquired
Non-controlling interest
Intangible assets
Goodwill

Total assets acquired net of acquired cash

$

$

(405)
(1,100)
1,305
2,012

1,812

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

g. On June 30, 2015 Magic acquired a 70% interest in Infinigy Solutions LLC, a US-based services company focused on expanding the 
development and implementation of technical solutions throughout the telecommunications industry with offices over the US, providing 
nationwide  coverage  and  support  for  wireless  engineering,  deployment  services,  surveying,  environmental  service  and  project 
management,  in  total  consideration  of  $6,360,  of  which  $ 5,600  was  paid  upon  closing  and  $ 760  is  contingent  upon  the  acquired 
business meeting certain operational targets in 2016 and 2017. Magic and the seller hold mutual Call and Put options respectively for 
the remaining 30% interest in Infinigy Solutions LLC. As a result of the Put option, Magic recorded redeemable non-controlling interest 
in the amount of $ 3,273. The acquisition was accounted for by the purchase method.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities at the date of acquisition:

Net Assets, excluding cash acquired
Non-controlling interest
Intangible assets
Goodwill

Total assets acquired net of acquired cash

$

$

1,182
(3,273)
3,652
4,799

6,360

h. During the year ended December 31, 2015, Formula and its subsidiaries and affiliates completed additional five other acquisitions in a 
total  cash  consideration  of  approximately  $3,837  (net  of  acquired  cash),  of  which  $  3,428  was  attributed  to  goodwill  and  $  1,331  to 
other  identifiable  intangible  assets  and  increased  their  share  interest  in  two  existing  subsidiaries  in  a  total  consideration  of  $  1,656. 
These acquisitions generally enhance the Group's technologies, product and services offerings. Pro forma results of operations for these 
acquisitions have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations, either individually or in the 
aggregate.

i. During the year ended December 31, 2014, Formula and its subsidiaries completed an additional four other acquisitions for a total cash 
consideration of up to approximately $8,697 (net of acquired cash), of which $ 2,317 was attributed to goodwill and $ 2,284 to other 
identifiable intangible assets. These acquisitions generally enhance the group's technologies, product and services offerings. Pro forma 
results  of  operations  for  these  acquisitions  have  not  been  presented  because  they  are  not  material  to  the  consolidated  results  of 
operations, either individually or in the aggregate.

F-40

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 4:- MARKETABLE SECURITIES

The  Group  invests  in  marketable  debt  and  equity  securities,  which  are  classified  as  trading  securities  and  as  available-for-sale  securities.  The 
following is a summary of marketable securities:

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

a.

Composition:

Short-term:
Trading securities (1)

Total short-term securities

Long-term:
Available-for-sale security

Total long-term securities

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

$

$

15,784

15,784

33,748

33,748

$

$

$

$

11,011

11,011

-

-

(1)

The  Company  recognized  trading  gains  in  amounts  of  $ 909  and  $ 114  during  the  years  ended  December  31,  2014  and  2015, 
respectively.

b.

The following is a summary of marketable securities which are classified as available-for-sale:

2014

2015

December 31,

Amortized
cost

Unrealized
losses

Unrealized
Gains

Market
value

Amortized
cost

Unrealized
losses

Unrealized
gains

Market
Value

Available-for-sale:

Government bonds
Commercial bonds
Equity securities

Total available-for-sale marketable 

securities

$

$

$

5,128
27,970
331

33,429

$

-
-
-

-

$

$

$

-
-
319

$

5,128
27,970
650

319

$

33,748

$

-
-
-

-

$

$

-
-
-

-

$

$

-
-
-

-

$

$

-
-
-

-

Interest receivable of available-for-sale marketable securities included in other receivables and prepaid expenses amounted to $ 280 as of 
December 31, 2014.

The following is the change in the other comprehensive income from available-for-sale securities during 2015 and 2014:

F-41

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 4:- MARKETABLE SECURITIES (Cont.)

Other comprehensive income from available-for-sale securities as of January 1, 2014

Unrealized loss from available-for-sale securities

Other comprehensive income from available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2014
Unrealized loss from available-for-sale securities
Realized gain reclassified into earnings due to Sapiens deconsolidation
Realized gain reclassified into earnings from marketable securities
Other comprehensive income from available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2015

NOTE 5: - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Other 
comprehensive
income

$

$

327

(8)

319
24
(45)
(298)
-

In  determining  fair  value,  the  Company  utilizes  valuation  techniques  that  maximize  the  use  of  observable  inputs  and  minimize  the  use  of 
unobservable inputs to the extent possible and considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.

The Company's financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding accrued interest components; consisted of the 
following types of instruments as of December 31, 2015 and 2014:

Assets:
Equity securities
Government and corporate debentures
Foreign currency derivative contracts

Total financial assets

Liabilities:
Contingent consideration (*)

Total financial liabilities

Fair value measurements using input type
December 31, 2015

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

3,291
7,721
-

11,012

-

-

$

$

$

$

$

$

F-42

-
-
-

-

-

-

$

$

$

-
-
-

-

3,598

3,598

$

$

$

3,291
7,721
-

11,012

3,598

3,598

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 5: - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT (Cont.)

Assets:
Equity securities
Government and corporate debentures
Foreign currency derivative contracts

Total financial assets

Liabilities:

Contingent consideration (*)

Total financial liabilities

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Fair value measurements using input type
December 31, 2014

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

$

$

$

4,428
12,006
-

16,434

-

-

$

$

$

-
33,098
87

33,185

-

-

$

$

$

-
-
-

-

2,607

2,607

$

$

$

4,428
45,104
87

49,619

2,607

2,607

(*)

The fair value of contingent consideration was determined based on the present value of the future expected cash flow.

The following table summarizes the activity for those financial liabilities where fair value measurements are estimated utilizing Level 3 inputs:

Carrying value as of January 1
Contingent consideration due to new acquisitions
Deconsolidation of subsidiaries’
Repayment of contingent consideration
Exchange differences
Net changes in fair value

Carrying value as of December 31

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

$

13,740
954
(3,981)
(7,337)
(521)
(248)

2,607
3,585
(1,842)
(1,280)
21
507

2,607

$

3,598

NOTE 6:-

INVESTMENTS IN AFFILIATED COMPANIES

The following table summarizes activity related to Formula’s investment in affiliates:

January 1, 2015
Deconsolidation of Sapiens and accounting for the remaining investment under equity method (see Note 1a)
Consolidation of affiliate
Equity in gains of affiliated companies, net:

Equity in gains of affiliated companies, net
Exercise of employees stock options in affiliate

Equity in other comprehensive gain (loss) of affiliates, net
Transaction with non-controlling interests in affiliate's subsidiary
Purchase of additional shares
Exchange differences
Dividends received from affiliates
Deferred gain from intercompany transactions

December 31, 2015

F-43

2015

$

169,143
275,951
(545)

8,337
(411)
(407)
(781)
3,732
(12)
(3,544)
(30)

451,433

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 6:-

INVESTMENTS IN AFFILIATED COMPANIES (Cont.)

Following are details relating to the financial position and results of operations of affiliates in the aggregate:

a.

Group's share of its associates' statement of financial position based on the interests therein as of the below reporting dates:

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Current assets
Noncurrent assets (*)
Current liabilities
Noncurrent liabilities

Associates’ equity relating to non-controlling interest
Deferred intercompany gains

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

58,385
130,196
(11,713)
(5,157)

171,711
(2,568)
-

111,143
397,263
(36,699)
(14,741)

456,966
(5,423)
(110)

$

169,143

$

451,433

(*)

Includes balances of  other intangible assets and goodwill in an amount of $ 126,610 and $ 370,937 as of December 31,  2014 and 
2015, respectively.

b.

Group's  share  of  its  associates'  statement  of  income  based  on  the  interests  therein  during  the  periods  shown  below  (with  respect  to  the 
Group's interest in Sapiens, for the periods from November 19, 2013 until December 23, 2014 and from October 1, 2015 to December 31, 
2015 only, and with respect to the Group’s interest in Magic, only for the period from March 5, 2014, and with respect to Tiltan Systems 
Engineering Ltd. only for the period until December 31, 2014):

Revenues

Income (loss)

F-44

Year ended
December 31,
2014

2013

$

$

10,021

$

138,561

(481) $

9,058

2015

$

$

104,331

8,337

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 7:-

PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Composition:

Cost:

Computers and equipment
Motor vehicles
Buildings
Leasehold improvements

Accumulated depreciation:

Computers and equipment
Motor vehicles
Buildings
Leasehold improvements

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

$

December 31,

2014

2015

$

24,847
255
2,928
17,410

45,440

15,202
133
1,787
8,192

25,314

9,604
248
2,918
13,093

25,863

3,458
156
1,869
6,181

11,664

Depreciated cost

$

20,126

$

14,199

Depreciation expenses totaled $ 6,241, $ 4,774 and $ 5,731 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

NOTE 8:- GOODWILL

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 were as follows:

Balance as of January 1, 2014
Gain of control in Sapiens and new acquisitions (see Note 1)
Deconsolidation of Magic and accounting for the remaining investment under equity method (see Note 1)
Negative goodwill write-off
Foreign currency translation adjustments

Balance as of December 31, 2014

Deconsolidation of Sapiens and accounting for the remaining investment under equity method (see Note 1)
Adjustments due to purchase price allocation
Adjustments to negative goodwill write-off
Gain of control in subsidiaries and new acquisitions
Foreign currency translation adjustments

Balance as of December 31, 2015

$

227,434
220,548
(62,040)
831
(13,543)

$

373,230

(219,369)
455
(455)
9,039
(727)

$

162,173

The Company performed annual impairment tests during the fourth quarter of 2015 and did not identify any impairment losses (See Note 2n).

F-45

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 9:-

INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

a.

Intangible assets, net, are comprised of the following as of the below dates:

Original amounts:

Capitalized Software costs
Customer relationship
Acquired technology
Patent
Other intangibles

Accumulated amortization:

Capitalized Software costs
Customer relationship
Acquired technology
Patent
Other intangibles

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

$

$

92,259
47,048
6,871
1,234
6,769

154,181

53,744
16,390
3,998
51
3,128

77,311

8,055
17,523
-
-
3,622

29,200

7,902
13,160
-
-
3,218

24,280

Total

$

76,870

$

4,920

b. Amortized expenses totaled $ 17,213, $ 4,188 and $ 11,375 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

c. Estimated other intangible assets amortization for the years ended:

December 31,

2016
2017
2018
2019
2020

Total

$

$

1,889
1,091
882
680
378

4,920

F-46

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 10:- LIABILITIES TO BANKS AND OTHERS

a.

Composition:

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

December 31,
2015

Interest rate
%

Linkage 
Basis

Long-term
liabilities

Current
maturities

December 31, 2015

Total long-term
liabilities net of
current
 maturities

Total long-term
liabilities net of
current
maturities
December 31,
2014

2.64-5.85

NIS - Unlinked

$

$

139,223

139,223

$

$

36,378

36,378

$

$

102,845

102,845

$

$

108,203

108,203

Total

b.

Maturity dates:

First year (current maturities)
Second year
Third year
Fourth year
Fifth year and thereafter

Total

c.

For details of liens, guarantees and credit facilities, see Note 15.

NOTE 11: DEBENTURES

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

26,127
31,512
28,393
22,631
25,666

36,378
33,263
27,521
18,923
23,138

$

134,329

$

139,223

On September 16, 2015, the Company concluded a public offering in Israel on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange (the “TASE”) of NIS 101,014 (net of 
issuance expenses) Series A Secured Debentures (the “Series A Secured Debentures”) that are in NIS (not linked to any currency or index) and 
secured by liens on certain shares of Formula’s subsidiaries and affiliates held by Formula (with a loan-to-value of not more than 60%), and of $ 
32,148 (net of issuance expenses) Series B Convertible Debentures (the " Series B Convertible Debentures") that are linked to the U.S Dollar and 
convertible into ordinary shares of Formula (the Convertible Debentures together with the Secured Debentures - the “New Debentures”). The New 
debentures were offered and sold pursuant to a shelf prospectus filed with the Israeli Securities Authority (the “ISA”) and TASE on August 6, 2015, 
amended thereafter on September 3, 2015.

The Company accounts for the outstanding principal amount of our New Debentures as long-term liability, in accordance with ASC 470, “Debt”, 
with current maturities classified as short-term liabilities. Debt issuance costs are capitalized and reported as deferred financing costs, which are 
amortized over the life of the New Debentures using the effective interest rate method. As of December 31, 2015, the value of the Series A Secured 
Debentures and the value of Series B Convertible Debentures was NIS 101,907 (approximately $ 26,118) and $ 32,378 respectively.

The public offering of the New Debentures was made only in Israel and not to U.S. persons (as defined in Rule 902(k) under the Securities Act of 
1933,  as  amended  (the  “Securities  Act”)),  in  an  overseas  directed  offering  (as  defined  in  Rule  903(b)(i)(ii)  under  the  Securities  Act),  and  was 
exempt from registration under the Securities Act pursuant to the exemption provided by Regulation S thereunder. The sale of the debentures was 
not  registered  under  the  Securities  Act,  and  the  debentures  may  not  be  offered  or  sold  in  the  United  States  and/or  to  U.S.  persons  without 
registration under the Securities Act or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.

F-47

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 11: DEBENTURES (Cont.)

Series A Secured Debentures (NIS 102,260,000 par value)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The Series A Secured Debentures were issued at a purchase price equal to 100% of their par value and bear fixed annual interest at a rate of 2.8% 
(which  may  vary  based  on  the  credit  rating  of  the  debentures),  payable  semi-annually.  The  proceeds  of  the  offering,  before  early  commitment 
commission of $129 with respect to the units for which the qualified investors have committed to subscribe, and issuance costs of $190, amounted 
to NIS 102,260 (approximately $ 26,295). The principal of the Series A Secured Debentures, are in NIS (not linked to any currency or index) and 
will be repaid in eight equal annual installments commencing on July 2, 2017. Formula may redeem the Series A Secured Debentures or any part 
thereof at its discretion after 60 days from their issuance date subject to certain conditions.

In accordance with the terms of the indenture related to that Series A Secured debentures, the collateral will consist of the following shares of the 
Company’s subsidiaries and affiliate held by the Company:

(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)

2,435,910 ordinary shares, par value 1.0 New Israeli Shekels (“NIS”) per share, of the Company’s subsidiary, Matrix IT Ltd.;
2,338,483 ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.1 per share, of the Company’s affiliate, Magic Software Enterprises Ltd.; and
1,260,266 common shares, par value €0.01 per share, of the Company’s affiliate, Sapiens International Corporation N.V.

Series B Convertible Debentures (NIS 125,000,000 par value)

The Series B Convertible Debentures were issued at a purchase price equal to 102% of their par value and bear fixed annual interest at a rate of 
2.74% (which may vary based on the credit rating of the debentures), payable in one installment upon maturity of the debentures on March 26, 2019 
(at which time the accrued interest will constitute 10% of the principal amount of the Convertible Bonds, in the aggregate). The proceeds of the 
offering,  before  early  commitment  commission  of  $131  with  respect  to  the  units  for  which  the  qualified  investors  committed  to  subscribe,  and 
issuance costs of $236, amounted to $32,785. The principal of the Bonds is subject to adjustment based on changes in the exchange rate between 
the NIS and the U.S. Dollar relative to the exchange rate on September 8, 2015 (3.922), and will be repaid on March 26, 2019. Formula may not 
redeem the Series B Convertible Debentures or any part thereof at its discretion.

The Series B Convertible Debentures are convertible, at the election of each holder, into the Formula’s ordinary shares at a conversion price of NIS 
157  par  value  of  Convertible  Debentures  per  one  share  from  the  date  of  issuance  and  until  March  10,  2019.  The  conversion  price  is  subject  to 
adjustment in the event that the Company effects a share split or reverse share split, a rights offering or a distribution of bonus shares or a cash 
dividend. As of December 31, 2015, the adjusted conversion price to one share is NIS 154.8 par value following cash dividend distribution.

F-48

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 11: DEBENTURES (Cont.)

The following is the change in the carrying amount of the New Debentures during 2015:

Balance as of January 1, 2015
Issuance of convertible and secured debentures, net
Accrued interest
Premium and issuance costs Amortization
Foreign currency translation adjustments

Balance as of December 31, 2015

* include short term accrued interest of $213

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

$

$

-
58,394
476
(16)
(357)

58,497*

As of December 31, 2015, the Company satisfied all of the financial covenants associated with both, the Convertible Bonds and the Secured Bonds.

As of December 31, 2015, the aggregate principal annual payments of the bonds are as follows:

2016
2017
2018
2019
2020 and thereafter

Total

$

$

Repayment
amount

-
3,276
3,276
35,147
16,379

58,078

NOTE 12:- RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

On  August  18,  2015,  Sapiens  completed  the  acquisition  from  Asseco  Poland  S.A.  (“Asseco”)  of  all  issued  and  outstanding  shares  of  Insseco. 
Asseco is the parent company of Formula. Please see note 1 above for further information concerning this acquisition.

Under the share purchase agreement for that acquisition, Asseco committed to assign all customer contracts to Insseco that relate to the intellectual 
property that Sapiens acquired as part of the acquisition. In the event that Asseco cannot obtain the consent of any customer to the assignment of its 
contract to Insseco, Asseco will hold that customer's contract in trust for the benefit of Insseco. Under that arrangement, in 2015, Insseco invoiced 
Asseco in a back-to-back manner for all invoices issued by Asseco on Insseco's behalf to customers under those contracts that were not yet assigned 
by Asseco to Insseco.

F-49

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 13:- EMPLOYEE OPTION PLANS

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

a.

In  March  2011,  Formula's  shareholders  approved  the  adoption  of  Formula's  2011  Employee  and  Officer  Share  Incentive  Plan  (the  "2011
plan"). Pursuant to the 2011 plan, the Company may grant from time to time to the Company's and its subsidiaries' employees and officers
(which are not Formula's controlling shareholders) Ordinary shares, restricted shares or options to purchase up to 545,000 ordinary shares of
Formula.  The  2011  plan  is  administered  by  Formula's  board  of  directors.  The  2011  plan  provides  that  share  based  compensation  may  be
granted, from time to time, to such grantees to be determined by the board, at an exercise price and under such terms to be determined at its
sole  and  absolute  discretion.  Share  based  compensation  may  be  granted  under  the  2011  plan  through  March  2021.  In  2012,  the  Company
increased the amount of ordinary shares reserved for issuance under the 2011 plan by 1,200,000 options.

In  March  2011,  concurrently  with  the  amendment  and  extension  of  Formula’s  chief  executive  officer's  service  agreement,  the  Company 
approved him a grant of options exercisable for an additional 543,840 ordinary shares. The options vest in equal quarterly installments, over a
four year period that commences in December 31, 2011 and concludes in December 31, 2015. The exercise price of the options is NIS 0.01 per
share.  In  May  2011,  the  chief  executive  officer  exercised  all  of  these  options  for  redeemable  restricted  shares,  for  which  the  Company's
redemption right was to lapse in accordance with the remaining vesting schedule for the unvested options from which they arose. Total fair
value of the grant was calculated based on the Formula share price on the grant date and totaled $ 9,055 ($ 16.65 per share).

In December 2011, at which time Formula was negotiating an amendment and an extension of its chief executive officer's service agreement, it
redeemed all of the above-described 543,840 shares for no consideration.

In March 2012, concurrently with the amendment and extension of its chief executive officer’s service agreement, the board of directors of
Formula  awarded  him  with  a  new  share  option incentive  plan, following  the  redemption  of the 543,840  redeemable  ordinary  shares,  which
were granted to him in March 2011 and which were not yet vested in their redemption date. Under the 2011 plan, the chief executive officer of
Formula was granted with options exercisable to 1,122,782 ordinary shares of Formula (the "New grant"), as long as he continue to serve as (i)
a director of Formula and/or (ii) a director of each of the directly held subsidiaries of Formula; provided that if he fails to meet the foregoing
requirement  (A)  due  to  the  request  of  the  board  of  directors  of  either  Formula  or  any  of  its  directly  held  subsidiaries  (other  than  a  request
which is based on actions or omissions by the chief executive officer that would constitute "cause" under his service agreement with Formula),
(B)  because  the  chief  executive  officer  is  prohibited  under  the  governing  law  or  charter  documents  of  the  relevant  company  or  the  stock
exchange rules and regulations applicable to such company from being a director of such company (other than due to his actions or omissions)
or (C) notwithstanding the chief executive officer’s willingness to be so appointed (but provided that neither (A) nor (B) applies); then, in each
of (A), (B) and (C), the chief executive officer will be deemed to have complied with clauses (i) or (ii) above. The options vest, i.e., Formula’s 
redemption right with respect to the options and the underlying ordinary shares issuable upon exercise lapses, in equal quarterly installments
over an eight year period that commenced in March 2012 and concludes on December 31, 2019. The exercise price of the options is NIS 0.01
per share. The New grant is accounted for as a modification to the March 2011 grant to the chief executive officer. Total fair value of the grant
was calculated based on the share price on the grant date and totaled $ 18,347 ($ 16.34 per share).

F-50

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 13:- EMPLOYEE OPTION PLANS (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

In  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  option  grant,  the  shares  issuable  upon  exercise  of  the  options  will  be  deposited  with  a  trustee  and
Formula’s chief executive officer will not be permitted to vote or dispose of them until the shares are released from the trust.

In June 2013 all options were exercised into shares however they have been deposited with a trustee and Formula’s chief executive officer is 
not permitted to vote or dispose of them until the shares are released from the trust. All shares participate in dividends and have the right to
vote, however for so long as the shares are held by the trustee (even if they have vested) the voting rights may only be exercised by the trustee.
In accordance with the guidelines of Formula incentive plan for so long as the shares underlying any grant under the plan are being held by the
trustee  they  will  be  voted  by  the  trustee  in  the  same  proportion  as  the  results  of  the  shareholder  meeting.   Only  those  shares  for  which  the
vesting period has expired may be collected from the trustee.

As of December 31, 2015 all 1,122,782 shares were deposited with the trustee with 561,391 Ordinary Shares, constituting the vested portion as
of  December  31,  2015  of  the  1,122,782  Ordinary  Shares  that  Formula  chief  executive  officer  acquired  upon  his  exercise  (in  June  2013)  of
options to purchase 1,122,782 Ordinary Shares, which options were granted to him in March 2012.

b.

In  November  2014,  Formula  board  of  directors  awarded  its  chief  financial  officer  with  10,000  restricted  shares  under  the  2011  plan  (the
“restricted  shares”).  These  restricted  shares  vest  on  a  quarterly  basis  over  a  four-year  period,  commencing  on  November  13,  2014  and 
concludes  in  November  13,  2018,  provided  that  during  such  time  the  chief  financial  officer  will  continue  to  serve  as  (i)  an  officer  of  the
Company and/or (ii) an officer in one of the directly held affiliates, except that if he fail to meet the service condition due to the request of the
board of directors of either Formula or any of its directly held affiliates (other than a termination of his provision of services which is based on
actions  or  omissions  by  him  that  will  constitute  “cause” under  his  grant  agreement  with  Formula);  then,  the  chief  financial  officer  will  be
deemed to have complied with clauses (i) or (ii) above. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a change of control of the Company occurs, then all
unvested restricted shares will immediately become vested. Total fair value of the grant was calculated based on the Formula share price on the
grant date and equaled to $ 239 ($ 23.9 per share).

As of December 31, 2015 all 10,000 restricted shares were deposited with the trustee with 2,500 Ordinary Shares, constituting the currently
vested portion of the 10,000 restricted shares that Formula chief financial officer was granted.

c. Formula's  subsidiaries  and  affiliates  grant,  from  time  to  time,  options  to  their  officers  and  employees  to  purchase  shares  in  the  respective
companies. In general, the options expire 5-10 years after grant. For further information with respect to expenses relating to the benefit to the
employees, an additional disclosure required by ASC 718, see Note 2x.

F-51

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 13:- EMPLOYEE OPTION PLANS (Cont.)

d. The  following  table  sets  forth  the  breakdown  of  stock-based  compensation  expense  resulting  from  stock  options  grants,  as  included  in  the

consolidated statements of income:

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Cost of revenues
Research and development expenses
Selling and marketing expenses
General and administrative expenses

Total stock-based compensation expense

Matrix:

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

2013

$

$

$

11
67
86
3,814

$

1
5
15
4,962

3,978

$

4,983

$

-
-
-
5,076

5,076

The following table is a summary of employee option activity as of December 31, 2015, and changes during the year ended December 31, 
2015, in Matrix:

Outstanding at January 1, 2015
Options Granted (Cashless Exercise)
RSU Granted
Exercised
Expired and forfeited

Outstanding at December 31, 2015

Exercisable at December 31, 2015

Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
term 
(in years)

Weighted
average
exercise
price

Aggregate
intrinsic
value

3.95
4.85
-
3.55
3.55

4.39

-

1.0
4.4
2

4.18

-

303
1,860
1,285

3,145

-

Number
of options

535,000
2,150,000
225,000
(510,000)
(25,000)

2,375,000

-

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total intrinsic value that would have been received by the option holders had 
all  option  holders  exercised  their  options  on  December  31,  2015.  This  value  would  change  based  on  the  change  in  the  market  value  of 
Matrix' ordinary shares and the change in the exchange rate between the New Israeli Shekel and U.S. dollar. As of December 31, 2015, there 
was $2,301 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under Matrix 
equity incentive plan. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014, and 2015 was $ 380, $ 
2,286 and $ 807, respectively.

F-52

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 13:- EMPLOYEE OPTION PLANS (Cont.)

Sapiens:

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The following table is a summary of employee option activity as of December 31, 2015, and changes during the year ended December 31, 
2015, in Sapiens:

Outstanding at January 1, 2015
Granted
Exercised
Expired and forfeited

Outstanding at December 31, 2015

Exercisable at December 31, 2015

Year ended December 31, 2015

Weighted
average
exercise
price

Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (in years)

Amount of
options

Aggregate
intrinsic value

$

2,796,081
673,408
(1,080,470)
(213,531)

2,175,488

1,002,286

$

3.49
9.38
1.59
4.39

5.36

3.01

3.07

$

10,957

3.49

2.52

$

9,274

6,554

In  2013,  2014  and  2015,  Sapiens  granted  595,000,  340,000  and  673,408  stock  options  to  purchase  its  shares  to  employees  and  directors, 
respectively. The weighted average grant date fair values of the options granted during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 
were $ 2.51, $ 3.19 and $ 3.79, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at December 31, 2015 represents intrinsic 
value  of  2,175,488  outstanding  options  that  are  in-the-money  as  of  December  31,  2015.  All  outstanding  options  are  in  the  money  as  of 
December 31, 2015.

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable at December 31, 2015 represents intrinsic value of 1,002,286 exercisable options that are 
in-the-money as of December 31, 2015. All exercisable options are in the money as of December 31, 2015.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 was $ 2,839, $ 7,446 and $10,294, 
respectively.

The  options  outstanding under Sapiens' stock option  plans  as of December  31, 2015 have been  separated into ranges  of exercise price  as 
follows:

Ranges of
exercise price

Options
outstanding
as of
December 31,
2015

Weighted
Average
remaining
contractual
Term
(Years)

Weighted
average
exercise
price
$

Options
Exercisable
as of
December 31,
2015

Weighted
Average
Exercise
price of
Options
Exercisable
$

1.2-1.48
2.08-2.7
3.45-3.77
4.72-4.85
5.25-5.53
6.27-6.92
7.01-7.68
8.42
9.93-10.78

1.29
2.90
2.70
3.02
3.55
4.15
4.22
5.35
5.76

3.86

1.34
2.56
3.57
4.73
5.33
6.42
7.46
8.42
10.45

166,978
297,094
242,769
76,945
45,000
66,666
106,834
-
-

5.98

1,002,286

1.34
2.56
3.58
4.74
5.33
6.27
7.43
-
-

3.66

166,978
297,094
325,971
163,445
90,000
130,000
367,000
300,000
335,000

2,175,488

F-53

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 13:- EMPLOYEE OPTION PLANS (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

As of December 31, 2015, there was $ 3,949 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested options, which is expected to be 
recognized over a period of up to four years.

During 2015, 29,500 of the 88,500 restricted shares of Sapiens Decision, the Company's majority-owned subsidiary that were granted to one 
of the former shareholders of KPI in 2014 vested, thereby reducing the Company's percentage ownership of Sapiens Decision from 97% to 
95.7%. During 2015, Sapiens Decision issued options to certain of its employees to purchase shares of Sapiens Decision.

Magic:

A summary of employee option activity under the Magic plans as of December 31, 2015 and changes during the year ended December 31, 
2015 are as follows:

Outstanding at January 1, 2015
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited

Outstanding at December 31, 2015

Exercisable at December 31, 2015

Number
of options

Weighted
average
exercise
price

738,889
-
(161,003)
(83,969)

493,917

333,917

$

$

$

4.26
-
2.60
6.21

4.47

3.37

Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
term 
(in years)

Aggregate
intrinsic
value

6.42

$

1,248

5.99

4.95

$

$

523

720

The  weighted-average  grant-date  fair  value  of  options  granted  to  Magic’s  employees  and  officers  during  the  years  ended  December 31, 
2013, 2014 was $ 6.0 and $ 3.76, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total intrinsic value that would 
have  been  received  by  the  option  holders  had  all  option  holders  exercised  their  options  on  December 31,  2015.  This  amount  is  changed 
based on the market value of the Company's ordinary shares. Total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 
2013, 2014 and 2015 was $ 529, $ 741 and $ 210, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, there was $ 163 of unrecognized compensation 
cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Magic’s plans. This cost is expected to be recognized 
over a period of approximately three years.

F-54

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 13:- EMPLOYEE OPTION PLANS (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The options outstanding as of December 31, 2015, have been separated into ranges of exercise price categories, as follows:

Exercise price

Options
outstanding

Weighted
average
remaining
contractual life
(years)

Weighted
average
exercise price

Options
exercisable

Weighted
average
exercise price
of exercisable
options

In $
0-1
1.01-2
2.01-3
3.01-4
4.01-5
5.01-6
6.01-7
7.01-8
8.01-9

4,000
20,000
123,667
166,250
-
75,000
50,000
-
55,000

493,917

3.24
2.99
3.64
5.77
-
7.61
8.87
-
8.36

5.99

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

$

-
1.12
2.31
4.00
-
6.00
6.89
-
8.01

4.47

4,000
20,000
123,667
166,250
-
-
6,250
-
13,750

333,917

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

$

-
1.12
2.31
4.00
-
-
6.89
-
8.01

3.37

NOTE 14: - LIABILITY IN RESPECT OF CAPITAL LEASE

In June 2011, John Bryce ("JB" – a Matrix wholly owned subsidiary) has entered into real estate lease agreement with an unrelated third 
party  for  a  period  of  seven  years  with  an  exit  point  after  five  years  and  an  option  for  additional  13  years.  The  arrangement  referring  to 
leasehold improvement was identified as a capital lease. With regard to the agreement, Matrix provided a guarantee for the fulfillment of 
JB's liabilities.

The following are details of the Company’s future minimum lease commitments in respect of capital leases as of December 31, 2015:

First year (included in other accounts payable)
Second year
Third year

Total

F-55

Minimum
lease
payments

Present value
of minimum
lease payment

Interest

470
295
209

974

26
6
4

36

444
289
205

938

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 15:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

a.

Liens:

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

A  lien  has  been  incurred  by  the  Company  over  certain  portion  of  its  investments  in  outstanding  shares  of  Matrix,  Magic  and  Sapiens,  in 
pursuant to financial institution credit agreement entered on January 2014 and with respect to the Secured Bonds issued by the Company in 
September 2015 on the TASE.

b.

Guarantees:

1.

2.

3.

The Group has provided certain bank guarantees in an aggregate of approximately $ 18,100 as security for its subsidiary companies’
performance of various contracts with customers and suppliers. If the subsidiaries were to breach certain terms of such contracts, the 
customers could demand that the banks providing the guarantees distribute the amounts claimed to be due.

The Group has provided bank guarantees in an aggregate of approximately $ 4,450 as security for its subsidiary companies’ rent to be 
paid for offices. If such subsidiaries were to breach certain terms of their leases, the lessors could demand that the banks providing 
the guarantees distribute the amounts claimed to be due. As of December 31, 2015, the Group had restricted bank deposits of $615 in 
favor of the bank guarantees.

In  order  to  secure  a  credit  line  for  one  of  Sapiens'  subsidiaries,  Sapiens  has  created  a  general  floating  pledge  on  that  subsidiary's 
assets in favor of the bank providing the line of credit.

c.

Covenants:

In  connection  with  the  Group's  credit  facility  agreements,  primarily  Formula  and  Matrix,  with  various  financial  institutions,  the  Group 
committed to the following:

i)

Matrix

In  the  context  of  Matrix  engagements  with  banks  for  receiving  credit  facilities,  Matrix  has  undertaken  to  maintain  the  following 
financial covenants, as they will be expressed in its financial statements, as described:

a) The total rate of Matrix debts and liabilities to banks with the addition of debts in respect of debentures that have been and/or 
will be issued by it and shareholders' loans that have been and/or will be provided by it (collectively, "the debts") will not exceed 
40% of its total balance sheet.

b) The ratio of Matrix debts less cash to the annual EBITDA will not exceed 3.5.

c) Matrix equity shall not be lower than NIS 275,000 (approximately $ 70,477) at all times.

F-56

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 15:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

d) Matrix  balances  of  cash  and  short-term  investments  in  its  balance  sheet  shall  not  be  lower  than NIS  50,000  (approximately  $ 

12,814).

e)

In the event that Formula ceases to hold 30% of Matrix share capital or is no longer the largest shareholder in Matrix, the credit 
may be placed for immediate repayment.

f) Matrix has committed that the shareholder’s interest of Matrix IT-Systems shall never be below 50.1%

g) Matrix will not create any pledge on all or part of its property and assets in favor of any third party and will not provide any 
guarantee to secure any third party's debts as they are today and as they will be without the banks' consent (except for a first rate 
fixed pledge on an asset which acquisition will be financed by a third party and which the pledge will be in his favor).

h) Matrix will not sell and/or transfer all or part of its assets to others in any manner whatsoever without the banks' advance written 

consent, unless it is done in the ordinary course of business.

i) Matrix  committed  not  to  distribute  dividends  that  will  cause  its  equity  (when  measured  based  on  International  Financial 
Reporting Standards ("IFRS") to be less than NIS 275,000 (approximately $ 70,477). As of December 31, 2015, Matrix's equity 
was approximately NIS 627,317 (approximately $ 160,768, as measured based on IFRS).

ii)

Formula

1. Liability to Financial Institution 

In  the  context  of  Formula’s  credit  facility  from  a  financial  institution,  Formula  has  undertaken  to  maintain  the  following
financial covenants, as they will be expressed in its financial statements, as described:

a) Company equity shall not be lower than $ 160,000 at all times.

b) The ratio of Company’s equity to total assets will not be less than 20%.

c) The  ratio  of  Company’s  financial  debts less  cash,  short-term  deposit  and  short-term  marketable  securities  to  the  annual 

EBITDA will not exceed 3.5

d) The ratio of Company’s financial debts less cash, short-term deposit and short-term marketable securities to the total assets 

will not exceed 30%.

F-57

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 15:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

e) Formula’s liabilities to banks and other financial institutions in its standalone balance sheet shall not be higher than NIS 

450,000 (approximately $ 115,711).

f)

Formula will not create any pledge on all or part of its property and assets in favor of any third party and will not provide 
any  guarantee  to  secure  any  third  party's  debts  as  they  are  today  and  as  they  will  be  without  the  financial  institution's 
consent.

g) Formula  will  not  sell  and/or  transfer  all  or  part  of  its  assets  to  others  in  any  manner  whatsoever  without  the  financial 

institution’s advance written consent, unless it is done in the ordinary course of business.

2. Debentures

Series  A  Secured  Debentures  and  Series  B  Convertible  Debentures  contain,  in  addition  to  standard  terms  and  obligations, 
including among others, the following obligations:

a)

a covenant not to distribute dividends unless (i) Formula shareholders’ equity (not including minority interests) shall not 
be  less  than  $250  million,  (ii)  Formula’s  net  financial  indebtedness  (financial  indebtedness  net  of  cash,  marketable
securities, deposits and other liquid  financial  instruments) shall not exceed 65% of net CAP (which  is defined financial
indebtedness,  net,  plus  shareholders  equity),  (iii)  the  amount  of  the  distributions  shall  be  equal  to  profits  for  the  years
ended  December  31,  2014  and  2015  and  7%  of  profits  accrued  from  January  1,  2016  until  the  distribution  and  (iv)  no
event of default shall have occurred.; and

b) Financial covenants, including (i) the equity attributable to the shareholders of Formula, as reported in Formula’s annual 
or  quarterly  financial  statements,  will  not  be  less  than  $160  million,  (ii)  Formula’s  net  financial  indebtedness  (financial
indebtedness net of cash, marketable securities, deposits and other liquid financial instruments) shall not exceed 65% of
net CAP (which is defined as financial indebtedness, net, plus shareholders equity) and (iii) at all times, Formula’s cash 
balance will not be less than the annual interest payment (compounded) for the unpaid principal amount of the Series B
debentures.

c)

standard events of default including among others:

I.
II.

suspension of trading of the debentures on the TASE over a period of 60 days
If  the  rating  of  the  debentures  is  less  than  BBB-  by  Standard  and  Poors  Maalot  or  equivalent  rating  of  other  rating 
agencies

III. failure to have the debentures rated over a period of 60 days
IV. If there is a change in control without consent of the rating agency; and

F-58

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 15:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Cont.)

V.

If Formula fails to continue to control any of its subsidiaries;

As of the date of the financial statements, Matrix and Formula are in compliance with the above financial covenants.

d.

Legal proceedings:

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

1.

In August 2009, a software company and one of its owners filed an arbitration proceeding against Magic and one of its subsidiaries, 
claiming  an  alleged  breach  of  a  non-disclosure  agreement  between  the  parties.  The  plaintiffs  sought  damages  in  the  amount  of 
approximately  NIS  52,000  (approximately  $13,371).  The  arbitrator  determined  that  both  Magic  and  its  subsidiary  breached  the  non-
disclosure  agreement.  In  January  2015  the  arbitrator  rendered  his  ruling  and  determined  that  Magic  should  pay  damages  to  the 
plaintiffs. The  group’s  Equity  in  gains  of  affiliated  companies,  net  includes  a  net  impact  of  $722  resulting  from  the  arbitration.  In 
December 2015, the same software company filed a motion to appoint another arbitrator to the district court in Tel Aviv in order to sue 
Magic for additional damages. The court decided against Magic’s position, and appointed an arbitrator. In April 2016, Magic submitted 
a motion to appeal the District Court’s decision to the Supreme Court. Magic is now waiting for a decision.

2. On  September  10, 2014, a  request  for  certification  of  a  class  action  (together  with  a  statement  of  claim)  was  filled  by  an  alleged 
shareholder of Formula’s subsidiary Matrix against Matrix and Matrix’s directors and chief executive officer, and against Formula, as 
the controlling shareholder. On January 26, 2016, a ruling of the court confirming the agreed withdrawal request which was submitted 
in  October  2015,  rejecting  the  plaintiff's  personal  claim,  and  ordered  to  delete  the  entire  certificate  request.  The  court  also  partially 
approved the agreement between the parties for payment of fees and reimbursement of expenses and attorneys` fees. The amounts are 
immaterial for the Company.

3. On August 27, 2015, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sapiens was summoned to a hearing at a court in Amsterdam in connection with a 

claim initiated against it by one of its customers.

Although the software system provided by the subsidiary has been used by the customer since 2008, the customer now claims that the 
software system furnished to the customer did not comply with the requirements of the customer and that the subsidiary failed to correct 
errors in the software systems in accordance with the service level agreement between the parties. The remedies sought by the customer 
are (i) termination of all contracts with the subsidiary and (ii) refund of all amounts paid by the customer to the subsidiary under the 
foregoing contracts plus damages in an aggregate amount of approximately €21,500.

F-59

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 15:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

As  of  the  date  of  publication  of  these  financial  statements,  Sapiens  is  examining  together  with  its  advisors  the  foregoing  claim,  the 
obligations of the subsidiary under the contracts with the customer (including limitations on liability thereunder) and the availability of 
insurance  coverage  with  respect  to  the  claim.  Sapiens  has  included  in  its  financial  statements  a  provision  which  reflects  the  current 
estimate of the potential outcome of the foregoing claim.

4.

In  addition  to  the  above-described  legal  proceedings,  from  time  to  time,  Formula  and/or  its  subsidiaries  and  affiliates  are  subject  to 
legal,  administrative  and  regulatory  proceedings,  claims,  demands  and  investigations  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  including 
claims with respect to intellectual property, contracts, employment and other matters. The Company applies ASC 450, "Contingencies," 
and accrues a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. 
Significant  judgment  is required  in the  determination of  both  the probability and  as to  whether  a  loss  is  reasonably estimable. These 
accruals are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel 
and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. The Company intends to defend itself vigorously against the above 
claims, and it generally intends to vigorously defend any other legal claims to which it is subject. While for most litigation, the outcome 
is difficult to determine, to the extent that there is a reasonable possibility that the losses to which the Company may be subject could 
exceed the amounts (if any) that it has already accrued, the Company attempts to estimate such additional loss, if reasonably possible, 
and disclose it (or, if it is an immaterial amount, indicate accordingly). The aggregate provision that the Company has recorded for all 
other legal proceedings (other than the particular material proceedings described above) is not material.

5. Furthermore, in respect of its ordinary course legal, administrative and regulatory proceedings (that is, other than the particular material 
proceedings described above), the Company estimates, in accordance with the procedures described above, that as of the current time 
there is no reasonable possibility that it will incur material losses exceeding the non-material amounts already recognized.

F-60

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 15:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Cont.)

e.

Operating lease commitments:

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The following are details of the Company’s future minimum lease commitments for office equipment, office space and motor vehicles under 
non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2015:

2016
2017
2018
2019
2020 and Thereafter

$

$

18,611
8,569
7,647
4,464
4,292

43,583

Rent expenses for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015, were approximately $ 20,408, $ 15,979 and $ 19,551, respectively.

f.

Royalty commitments:

Sapiens  Technologies  (1982)  Ltd.  ("Sapiens  Technologies"),  a  wholly  owned  subsidiary  of  Sapiens  incorporated  in  Israel,  was  partially 
financed under programs sponsored by the Israel Innovation Authority (formerly the Office of the Chief Scientist) ("OCS") for the support 
of  certain  research  and  development  activities  conducted  in  Israel.  In  exchange  for  participation  in  the  programs  by  the  OCS,  Sapiens 
Technologies agreed to pay 3.5% of total net consolidated license and maintenance revenue and 0.35% of the net consolidated consulting 
services revenue related to the software developed within the framework of these programs based on an understanding with the OCS reached 
in January 2012. The royalties will be paid up to a maximum amount equaling 100%-150% of the grants provided by the OCS, linked to the 
dollar, and for grants received after January 1, 1999, bear annual interest at a rate based on LIBOR.

Royalty  expenses  in  Sapiens  amounted  to  $ 514,  $  618  and  $  505  in  2013,  2014  and  2015,  respectively.  Royalty  expenses  in  Sapiens 
consolidated and included in cost of revenues amounted to $ 450, $ 0 and $ 0 in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively

As of December 31, 2015, Sapiens had a contingent liability to pay royalties of $7,332.

g.

Insurance:

The Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates insure themselves in bodily injury and property damage insurance policies, including third 
party, professional liability and employer's liability insurance policies.

The  Company’s and its  subsidiaries’ and  affiliates’ directors and officers (D&O)  are  insured  under  an "umbrella" policy  for insurance of 
directors and officers including D&O side A DIC policy (another layer of protection for officers) acquired by the Company for itself and its 
subsidiaries,  for  a  period  of  12  months  from  June  2015  (in  November  2015  the  Company's  audit  committee,  board  and  shareholders 
confirmed the Company's participation in the aforementioned policy).

F-61

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 16:- EQUITY

The composition of the Company’s share capital is as follows:

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Authorized

December 31, 2015
Issued

Outstanding

Authorized

December 31, 2014
Issued

Outstanding

Ordinary shares, NIS 1 par value each

25,000,000

15,297,402

14,728,782

25,000,000

15,297,402

14,728,782

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

h.

i.

Formula's Ordinary Shares, par value NIS 1 per share, are traded on the TASE and Formula's ADSs, each representing one ordinary share, 
are traded on the NASDAQ.

Formula holds 568,620 of its ordinary shares.

In June 2013, Formula declared a cash dividend of approximately $ 5,446 ($ 0.37 per share) to shareholders of record on July 2, 2013 that 
was payable on July 18, 2013.

In December 2013, Formula declared a cash dividend of approximately $ 4,563 (or $ 0.31 per share) to shareholders of record on January 20, 
2014 that was payable on February 6, 2014.

In June 2014, Formula declared a cash dividend of approximately $ 7,065 (or $ 0.48 per share) to shareholders of record on July 14, 2014 
that was payable on July 31, 2014.

In December 2014, Formula declared a cash dividend of approximately $ 7,875 (or $ 0.535 per share) to shareholders of record on January 
19, 2015 that was payable on February 4, 2015.

In June 2015, Formula declared a cash dividend of approximately $ 5,008 (or $ 0.34 per share) to shareholders of record on July 20, 2015 
that was payable on August 6, 2015.

In January 2016, Formula declared a cash dividend of approximately $ 5,008 (or $ 0.34 per share) to shareholders of record on January 20, 
2016 that was payable on February 4, 2016.

For information concerning Formula employees and officers share option plan, see Note 13.

F-62

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 17:-

INCOME TAXES

a.

Israeli taxation:

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

1.

Taxable income of Israeli companies is subject to tax at the rate of 25% in 2013 and 26.5% in 2014 and 2015.

On January 4, 2016, the Israeli Parliament's Plenum approved by a second and third reading the Bill for Amending the Income Tax 
Ordinance (No. 217) (Reduction of Corporate Tax Rate), 2015, which consists of the reduction of the corporate tax rate from 26.5% 
to  25%.  The  Company  estimates  that  the  effect  of  the  change  in  tax  rates  will  result  in  a  decrease  in  deferred  tax  balances  as  of 
December 31, 2015 in immaterial amounts.

2.

Tax benefits under the Israeli Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959 (“the Law"):

Certain  production  and  development facilities  of  Formula's  Israeli  subsidiaries  and  affiliates  have  been  granted  "Approved 
Enterprise" and "Beneficiary Enterprise" status pursuant to the Law, which provides certain tax benefits to its investment programs 
including tax exemptions and reduced tax rates. Income not eligible for Approved Enterprise and Beneficiary Enterprise benefits is 
taxed at regular rates. 

The  entitlement  to  the  above  benefits  is  conditional  upon  the  fulfillment  of  the  conditions  stipulated  by  the  Law  and  related 
regulations  (see  below).  Should  any  of  Formula's  Israeli  subsidiaries  and  affiliates  fail  to  meet  such  requirements  in  the  future, 
income attributable to their relevant entity's Approved Enterprise or Beneficiary Enterprise programs could be subject to the statutory 
Israeli corporate tax rate, and the entity could be required to refund a portion of the tax benefits already received with respect to such 
programs. As of December 31, 2015, management believes that Formula's Israeli subsidiaries and affiliates are in compliance with all 
of the conditions required by the Law.

Effective January 1, 2011, the Israeli Knesset enacted the Law for Economic Policy for 2011 and 2012 (Amended Legislation), and 
among  other  things,  amended  the  Law,  ("the  Amendment").  According  to  the  Amendment,  the  benefit  tracks  in  the  Law  were 
modified and a flat tax rate applies to the Formula's Israeli subsidiaries and affiliates entire preferred income. These subsidiaries and 
affiliates will be able to opt to apply (the waiver is non-recourse) the Amendment and from then on it will be subject to the amended 
tax rate of 16%. The profits of these “Industrial Companies” will be freely distributable as dividends, subject to a withholding tax of 
25% (on distribution commencing January 1, 2015) or lower, under an applicable tax treaty.

F-63

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 17:-

INCOME TAXES (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Under the terms of the Approved Enterprise program, income that is attributable to one of Sapiens’ Israeli subsidiaries was exempt 
from income tax for a period of two years commencing 2014. The tax exemption has resulted in a tax savings of approximately $ 
1,100  in  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015.  If  such  tax-exempt  income  is  distributed  in  a  manner  other  than  upon  complete 
liquidation of the Company, it would be taxed at the reduced corporate tax rate applicable to such profits (25%), and an income tax 
liability of up to approximately $1,000 would be incurred as of December 31, 2015.

3.

Tax benefits under the Israeli Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 1969:

It is Formula’s management’s belief that some of its Israeli subsidiaries and affiliates currently qualify as an "Industrial Company," 
within  the  meaning  of  the  Law  for  the  Encouragement  of  Industry  (Taxes),  1969  (the  "Industrial  Encouragement  Law").  That 
Industrial Encouragement Law defines an "Industrial Company" as a company that is resident in Israel and that derives at least 90% 
of its income in any tax year, other than income from defense loans, capital gains, interest and dividends, from an enterprise whose 
major  activity  in  a  given  tax  year  is  industrial  production.  Under  the  Industrial  Encouragement  Law,  these  Israeli  subsidiaries  are 
entitled  to  amortization  of  the  cost  of  purchased  know-how  and  patents  over  an  eight-year  period  for  tax  purposes  as  well  as 
accelerated depreciation rates on equipment and buildings.

Eligibility for the benefits under the Industrial Encouragement Law is not subject to receipt of prior approval from any governmental 
authority.

4.

Foreign Exchange Regulations

Under  the  Foreign  Exchange  Regulations,  some  of  Formula's  Israeli  subsidiaries  and  affiliates  calculate  their  tax  liability  in  U.S. 
Dollars according to certain orders. The tax liability, as calculated in U.S. Dollars is translated into NIS according to the exchange 
rate as of December 31st of each year.

5.

Structural changes in Matrix

On March 27, 2014, a tax ruling was signed determining that from December 31, 2012 as part of a merger procedure 23 companies 
wholly owned directly or indirectly by Matrix IT will transfer all their assets and liabilities, subject to the provisions of section 103 
and section 104 of the Israeli Income Tax Ordinance.

On August 21, 2014, a tax ruling was signed determining that from December 31, 2013 as part of the merger procedures, 7 companies 
wholly owned directly or indirectly by Matrix IT will transfer all their assets and liabilities, subject to the provisions of section 103 
and section 104 of the Tax income.

F-64

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 17:-

INCOME TAXES (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

On  December  31,  2015  Matrix  applied  for  a  merger  process  as  an  extension  of  the  above  mentioned  merger  for  5  additional 
companies holly owned directly or indirectly by Matrix IT, i subject to the provisions of section 103 and section 104 of the Israeli 
Income Tax Ordinance. The approval is pending.

b.

Non-Israeli subsidiaries and affiliates:

Non-Israeli  subsidiaries  and  affiliates  are  taxed  according  to  the  tax  laws  in  their  respective  country  of  residence.  Neither  Israeli  income 
taxes,  foreign  withholding  taxes  nor  deferred  income  taxes  were  provided  in  relation  to  undistributed  earnings  of  the  non-Israelis 
subsidiaries.  This  is  because  the  Group  intends  to  permanently  reinvest  undistributed  earnings  in  the  foreign  subsidiaries  in  which  those 
earnings  arose.  If  these  earnings  were  distributed  to  Israel  in  the  form  of  dividends  or  otherwise,  the  Group  may  be subject  to  additional 
Israeli income taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits) and non-Israeli withholding taxes.

The amount of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and affiliates that are considered to be reinvested as of December 31, 2015 was 
$  8,486,  and  $  32,605,  respectively.  However,  a  determination  of  the  amount  of  the  unrecognized  deferred  tax  liability  for  temporary 
difference related to those undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries is not practicable due to the complexity of the structure of our group 
of subsidiaries and affiliates for tax purposes and the difficulty of projecting the amount of future tax liability.

c.

Net operating loss carry forwards:

Formula

Formula stand-alone had cumulative losses for tax purposes as of December 31, 2015 totaling approximately $ 76,510 (as of December 31, 
2014, the amount was $ 66,820), which can be carried forward and offset against taxable income in the future for an indefinite period.

Matrix

Matrix  had  cumulative  losses  for  tax  purposes  as  of  December  31,  2015  totaling  approximately  $ 40,720  (as  of  December  31,  2014,  the 
amount was $ 33,920), which can be carried forward and offset against taxable income in the future for an indefinite period.

Magic

As of December 31, 2015, Magic and its subsidiaries had operating loss carry forwards of $ 19,012, which can be carried forward and offset 
against taxable income in the future for an indefinite period.

Utilization of U.S. net operating losses may be subject to substantial annual limitations due to the "change in ownership" provisions ("annual 
limitations") of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and similar state provisions. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of net 
operating losses before utilization.

F-65

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 17:-

INCOME TAXES (Cont.)

Sapiens

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

As of December 31, 2015, certain subsidiaries of Sapiens had tax loss carry-forwards totaling approximately $ 29,050. Most of these carry-
forward tax losses have no expiration date.

Insync

Insync had cumulative losses for tax purposes as of December 31, 2015 totaling approximately $ 310.

Formula, its subsidiaries and its affiliates have cumulative losses for tax purposes as of December 31, 2015 totaling approximately $ 169,262 
(as  of  December  31,  2014,  the  amount  was  $ 168,445),  of  which  $ 142,805  was  in  respect  of  companies  in  Israel  which  can  be  carried 
forward and offset against taxable income in the future for an indefinite period (as of December 31, 2014, the amount was $ 142,191), and 
approximately $ 26,457 of which was in respect of companies abroad (as of December 31, 2014, that amount was $ 26,254).

d.

Income tax assessments:

Formula and  its  subsidiaries  are  routinely  examined  by  various  taxing  authorities.  Below  is a  summary  of  the  income  tax  assessments of 
Formula, its subsidiaries and its affiliates:

Formula

Formula has received final tax assessments (or assessments that are deemed final) through the tax year 2011.

Matrix

Matrix  has  received  final  tax  assessments  (or  assessments  that  are  deemed  final)  through  the  tax  year  2013.  Matrix’s  subsidiaries  have 
received final tax assessments (or assessments that are deemed final) through the tax year 2011.

Magic

Magic and its Israeli subsidiaries have received final tax assessments (or assessments that are deemed final) through the year 2011.

Sapiens

As of December 31, 2014, Part of Sapiens’ Israeli subsidiaries received final tax assessments through the year 2011.

F-66

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 17:-

INCOME TAXES (Cont.)

e.

Deferred tax assets (liabilities), net:

1.

Composition, net:

Net operating losses carried forward
Allowances, reserves and intangible assets
Capitalized software costs
Differences in measurement basis (cash basis for tax purposes)

Valuation allowance

Total

2.

Presentation in balance sheets:

Other non-current assets
Long-term liabilities

f.

Income before taxes on income:

Domestic (Israel)
Foreign

Total

g.

Taxes on income (tax benefit) consist of the following:

Current taxes
Deferred taxes

Taxes on income

F-67

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

December 31,

2014

2015

$

35,611 $
(30,271)
(5,677)
(1,997)

(2,334)
(12,370)

30,144
(71,686)
-
(2,437)

(43,979)
(9,867)

$

(14,704) $

(53,846)

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

17,901 $
(32,605)

13,164
(67,010)

(14,704) $

(53,846)

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

2013

$

$

46,924
7,582

54,506

$
$

$

20,640
9,529

30,169

$
$

$

27,506
10,834

38,340

Year ended December 31,
2014

2013

2015

8,000
926

12,045
(1,971)

10,249
739

$

8,926

$

10,074

$

10,988

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 17:-

INCOME TAXES (Cont.)

Domestic (Israel)
Foreign

h.

Theoretical tax:

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

2013

7,938
988

7,287
2,787

7,045
3,943

$

8,926

$

10,074

$

10,988

The following table presents reconciliation between the theoretical tax expense, assuming that all income was taxed at statutory tax rates, 
and the actual income tax expense, as recorded in the Company's statements of income:

Year ended December 31,
2014

2013

2015

Income before income taxes, as per the statement of operations

$

54,506

$

30,169

$

38,340

Statutory tax rate in Israel

Theoretical tax expense
Reconciliation:
Non-deductible expenses
Effect of different tax rates
Effect of “Approved, Beneficiary or Preferred Enterprise” status
Deferred taxes on current losses (utilization of carry forward losses) and 

temporary differences for which a valuation allowance was provided, net

Effect of change in Israel tax rates
Prior year losses and temporary differences for which deferred taxes were 

recorded, net

Uncertain tax position
Taxes in respect of prior years
Other

25%

26.5%

26.5%

13,627

7,995

10,160

810
813
-

(183)
(677)

(1,110)
(3,560)
(638)
(354)

267
848
-

1,032
-

-
33
193
(294)

1,751
832
(1,700)

1,542
-

-
-
(1,151)
(446)

Income taxes as per the statement of operations

$

8,728

$

10,074

$

10,988

Effective tax rate - in %

16.0%

33.4%

28.7%

F-68

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 17:-

INCOME TAXES (Cont.)

i.

Uncertain tax positions:

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of total unrecognized tax benefits in Formula's subsidiaries is as follows:

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Balance as of January 1, 2014

Decrease due to deconsolidation of Magic
Increase due to consolidation of Sapiens
Increase related to current year tax positions
Decrease related to prior years' tax positions

Balance as of December 31, 2014

Increase due to consolidation in a subsidiary (*)
Decrease related to prior years' tax positions
Increase related to current year tax positions
Decrease due to deconsolidation of Sapiens

Balance as of December 31, 2015

$

1,017

(472)
705
115
(82)

1,283

154
(181)
570
(1,365)

461

(*) The amount initially consolidated as part of the acquisition of subsidiary in 2015 is net of Tax Deducted at Source assets in an amount of 
$ 635

The  Group  recognizes  accrued  interest  and  penalties  related to unrecognized  tax  benefits as  a  component  of income tax expense. For the 
years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, the amounts recognized, on a consolidated basis, for interest and penalties expenses related 
to uncertain tax positions were $ 17, $ 0 and $ 224, respectively. In addition, the Group's consolidated liability for unrecognized tax benefits 
including accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions was $ 198 and $ 0 at December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively, 
which  is  included  within  income  tax  accrual  in  the  Group's  consolidated  balance  sheets.  The  increase  in  liability  for  unrecognized  tax 
benefits including accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in 2014 is due to the consolidation of Sapiens having an 
impact  of  $  198  which  was  offset  by  the  deconsolidation  of  Magic  amounting  to  ($  58).  The  decrease  in  liability  for  unrecognized  tax 
benefits including accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in 2015 is due to the deconsolidation of Sapiens having an 
impact of ($ 705).

The entire balance of unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would reduce the Company's annual effective tax rate.

F-69

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 18:- SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL STATEMENT INFORMATION

Balance Sheets:

a.

Other accounts receivable and prepaid expenses:

Composition:

Government departments
Employees(1)
Prepaid expenses and advances to suppliers
Restricted deposits
Related Parties
Other

Total

b.

Liabilities to Banks and other financial institutions:

Composition:

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

12,934
433
15,829
484
403
1,214

16,394
330
15,465
6
224
165

$

31,297

$

32,584

Bank credit
Short-term bank loans
Current maturities and accumulated interest on long-

term loans from banks and other financial 
institutions (see Note 10)

December 31,
2015
Interest rate
%

Linkage
basis

December 31,

2014

2015

2.2
1.75-2.25

NIS-Unlinked
NIS-Unlinked

$

378
15,313

$

51
21,274

2.64-5.85

NIS-Unlinked

27,498

37,744

Total

$

43,190

$

59,069

F-70

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 18: - SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL STATEMENT INFORMATION (Cont.)

c.

Other accounts payable:

Composition:

Government institutions
Customer advances
Accrued royalties to the OCS (Note 15f)
Accrued interest on debentures (Note 11)
Related parties
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Total

d.

Financial expenses, net:

Composition:

Financial income
Financial costs related to long-term debt
Financial costs related Debentures
Financial costs related to short-term credit and others
Gain (loss) from marketable securities, net (1) (2)

Total

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

13,216
187
788
-
488
8,646

13,722
697
-
213
899
1,184

$

23,325

$

16,715

Year ended December 31,
2014

2013

2015

$

$

983
(4,629)
-
(3,577)
987

$

2,888
(6,800)
-
(1,862)
908

738
(6,117)
(460)
(3,327)
912

$

(6,236) $

(4,866) $

(8,254)

(1)

(2)

Includes gains (losses) from trading securities still held by the Company for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015 in amounts of $ 985, $ 
908 and $ 114, respectively (see Note 4).
Includes impairment of available-for-sale marketable securities for 2013 of $ 714 (see Note 4).

e.

Other expenses (income), net:

Composition:

Gain on sale of fixed assets, net
Other  loss (income)

Total

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

2013

$

$

$

14
-

14

$

$

-
(5)

(5) $

-
2

2

F-71

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 18: - SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL STATEMENT INFORMATION (Cont.)

f.

Operating segments:

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The Company operates in the software services and proprietary software products and related services through four directly held entities: 
Matrix, Sapiens, Magic and Insync. From December 23, 2014 until September 30, 2015, Sapiens issued 1,077,003 shares following exercise 
of  options  by  Sapiens  employees  that  resulted  in  Formula’s  interest  in  Sapiens'  outstanding  common  shares  being  diluted  from  50.2%  to 
49.1%. Formula's investment in Sapiens following the dilution was measured under the equity method of accounting due to loss of control in 
Sapiens in accordance with ASC 810.

Matrix

Matrix provides software solutions and services, software development projects, outsourcing, integration of software systems and services –
all in accordance with its customers' specific needs. Matrix also provides upgrading and expansion of existing software systems.

Prior  to  December  31,  2015,  Matrix  reported  on  four  business  operating  segments,  reportied  its  U.S  and  Israeli  Software  solutions  and 
services  under  one  operating  segment.  Following  Matrix  management  decision  to  target  the  U.S  market  for  expanding  Matrix  operations 
separately from its operations in the Israeli market, it was management’s decision to split this activity to a separate operating segment and 
beginning  January  1,  2015  Matrix  operates  through  its  directly  and  indirectly  held  subsidiaries  in  the  following  segments:  (1)  Software 
solutions and services in Israel (Information Technology – IT); (2) Software solutions and services in the U.S (Information Technology – IT) 
(3) Learning and integration; (4) Computer infrastructure and integration solutions; and, (5) Software product marketing and support.

Software solutions and services in Israel:

The software solutions and services in Israel provided by Matrix consist mainly of providing tailored software solutions and upgrading and 
expanding  existing  software  systems.  These  services  include,  among  others,  developing  customized  software,  adapting  software  to  the 
customer's  specific  needs,  implementing  software  and  modifying  it  based  on  the  customer's  needs,  outsourcing,  project  management,
software  testing  and  QA  and  integrating  all  or  part  of  the  above  elements.  The  scope  of  work  invested  in  each  element  varies  from  one 
customer to the other.

Software solutions and services in U.S:

Activity in this sector is mainly providing solutions and services of Governance Risk and Compliance (“GRC”) experts, including activities 
on the following topics: risk management, management and prevention of fraud,, Anti-Money Laundering and securing compliance with the 
regulations on these issues, through Matrix-IFS (formerly Exzac Inc, a wholly owned subsidiary of Matrix as well as providing solutions and 
specialized technological. technological services in areas such as: portals, BI (Business Intelligence) DBA (Data Base Administration), CRM 
(Customer  Relation  Management)  and  EIM  (Enterprise  Information  Management)  through  Xtivia  Technologies  Inc  (a  wholly  owned 
subsidiary of Matrix).

F-72

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 18: - SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL STATEMENT INFORMATION (Cont.)

Learning and integration:

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Matrix's  activities  in  this  segment  consist  of  operating  a  network  of  high-tech  training  and  instruction  centers  which  provide  application 
courses, professional training courses and advanced professional studies in the high-tech industry.

Computer infrastructure and integration solutions:

Matrix's  activities  in  this  segment  consist  of:  (1)  providing  computer  and  telecommunication  infrastructure  solutions;  (2)  selling  and 
marketing personal computers, portable computers, Intel servers, peripheral equipment, operating systems, servers and workstations that use 
Microsoft and selling and marketing mainframe storage and backup systems such as HP and EMC; (3) providing computer and peripheral 
equipment maintenance services, lab and helpdesk services; (4) providing wide range of cloud computing solutions (through the business 
specializing unit of the Company - Cloud Zone.

Software product marketing and support:

Matrix's activities in this segment include marketing and support for various software products the principal of which are CRM, computer 
systems management infrastructures, web world content management, database and data warehouse mining, application integration, database 
and systems, data management and software development tools. 

F-73

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 18: - SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL STATEMENT INFORMATION (Cont.)

Sapiens

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Sapiens  is  a  leading  global  provider  of  proprietary  software  solutions  for  the  insurance  industry,  with  an  emerging  focus  on  the  broader 
financial services sector. Sapiens offerings include a broad range of software solutions and services, comprised of (i) core software solutions 
for the insurance industry, including Property & Casualty/General Insurance (“P&C”) and Life, Annuities and Pensions (“L&P”) products, 
and  record  keeping  software  solutions  for  providers  of  Retirement  Services  (ii)  variety  of  technology  based  solution  including  business 
decision management solutions for the financial services industry, including insurance, banking and capital markets and (iii) global Services 
including project delivery and implementation of the Company’ software solutions.

Sapiens  has  developed  scalable,  configurable,  rule-based  core  software  platforms  which  offer  its  clients  comprehensive  and  function-rich 
solutions. Sapiens solutions allow its customers to support new delivery channels such as mobile and social, rapidly deploy new products, 
and  improve  operational  efficiency.  As  its  software  is  customizable  to  match  specific  business  requirements,  it  supports  its  customers’
operations across different market segments, geographies and regulatory regimes. In addition, its software solutions enable compliance with 
complex and rapidly evolving regulations in the insurance and wider financial services industry.

Sapiens  technology-based  solutions  include  application  development  and  business  decision  management  platforms.  Its  application 
development  platforms  allow  for  the  deployment  of  tailor-made  solutions  that  address  unique  business  needs  for  which  pre-packaged 
software solutions may not be available. Its business decision management platform, Sapiens DECISION, allows business professionals to 
design, simulate, implement, change and analyze the business logic that drives financial operations and compliance in a business-friendly 
format  and  environment.  Its  platform  facilitates  the  swift  deployment  of  new  or  changed  business  logic  that  originates  from  regulatory 
updates  or  market  changes,  reduces  costs  and  improves  efficiency  by  shortening  the  software  development  lifecycle.  This  platform 
empowers  the  organization’s  business  users  as  they  manage  their  business  strategy,  rules  and  logic  by  using  business  terms  rather  than 
programming language. Sapiens' insurance solutions are deployed at leading insurance carriers globally. Sapiens' service offerings include a 
standard consulting offering that helps customers make better use of IT in order to achieve their business objectives.

From August 21, 2011, the date on which Formula lost its control in Sapiens, as described in Note 1, until January 27, 2012, the date on 
which Formula regained its control in Sapiens, as described in Note 1, from November 19, 2013, the dates on which Formula lost its control 
in Sapiens, as described in Note 1 until December 23, 2014, the date on which Formula regained its control in Sapiens, as described in Note 
1, and from September 30, 2015, the date on which Formula lost its control in Sapiens, as described in Note 1, Sapiens' results of operations 
were  reflected  in  the  Company's  results  using  the  equity  method  of  accounting  and  therefore  were  not  considered  an  operating  segment 
during these periods.

F-74

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 18: - SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL STATEMENT INFORMATION (Cont.)

Magic

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Magic  is  a  global  provider  of  proprietary  application  development  and  business  process  integration  software  solutions  and  related 
professional services, and a vendor of IT outsourcing services.

Magic software solutions are used by customers to develop, deploy and integrate on-premise, mobile and cloud-based business applications 
quickly  and  cost  effectively.  In  addition,  its  technology  enables  enterprises  to  accelerate  the  process  of  delivering  business  solutions  that 
meet  current  and  future  needs  and  allow  customers  to  dramatically  improve  their  business  performance  and  return  on  investment.  Its 
software  solutions  include  application  platforms  for  developing  and  deploying  specialized  and  high-end  large-scale  business  applications 
(Magic  xpa  application  platform,  formerly  branded  uniPaaS  and  Appbuilder)  and  an  integration  platform  that  allows  the  integration  and 
interoperability of diverse solutions, applications and systems in a quick and efficient manner (Magic xpi business and process integration 
platform,  formerly  branded  iBOLT).  These  solutions  enable  Magic  customers  to  improve  their  business  performance  and  return  on 
investment by supporting the affordable and rapid delivery and integration of business applications, systems and databases.

Using  its  products  solutions,  enterprises  and  independent  software  vendors  can  accelerate  time-to-market  by  rapidly  building  integrated 
solutions,  deploying  them  in  multiple  environments  while  leveraging  existing  IT  resources.  In  addition,  its  solutions  are  scalable  and 
platform-agnostic, enabling its customers to build solutions by specifying their business logic requirements in a commonly used language 
rather than in computer code, and to benefit from seamless platform upgrades and cross-platform functionality without the need to re-write 
applications. Magic technology also enables future proof protection and supports current market trends such as the development of mobile 
applications that can be deployed on a variety of smartphones and tablets, and cloud environments.

With respect to IT outsourcing services, Magic offers a vast range of professional services in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, 
application development, technology consulting planning and implementation services, support services and supplemental outsourcing and 
staffing services.

Magic products and services are available through a global network of regional offices, independent software vendors, system integrators, 
distributors and value added resellers as well as original equipment manufacturers and consulting partners in approximately 50 countries.

From March 5, 2014, the date on which Formula lost its control in Magic, as described in Note 1, until December 31, 2014, Magic's results 
of operations were reflected in the Company's results using the equity method of accounting and therefore were not considered an operating 
segment during this period.

F-75

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 18: - SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL STATEMENT INFORMATION (Cont.)

Insync

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

InSync is a U.S based national supplier of employees to Vendor Management Systems (VMS) Workforce Management Program accounts. 
Insync specializes in providing professionals in the following areas; Accounting and Finance, Administrative, Customer Service, Clinical, 
Scientific  and  Healthcare,  Engineering,  Manufacturing  and  Operations,  Human  Resources,  IT  Technology,  LI/MFG,  and  Marketing  and 
Sales. InSync currently supports more than 30 VMS program customers with employees in over 40 states.

The Company evaluates the performances of each of its directly held subsidiaries based on operating income/loss. Headquarters and finance 
expenses of Formula are allocated proportionally among the subsidiaries:

Revenues:
2015
2014
2013

Inter-segment sales:
2015
2014
2013

Operating income:
2015
2014
2013

Identifiable assets:
2015
2014

Goodwill:
2015
2014

Identifiable liabilities:
2015
2014

Depreciation and amortization:
2015
2014
2013

Matrix

Sapiens

Magic

Insync

Total

586,610
586,618
534,792

2,551
285
870

30,788
30,003
34,376

136,577
-
117,281

-
-
-

15,314
-
9,015

-
27,299
144,958

-
-
280

-
3,350
17,351

29,919
22,785
-

-
-
-

(208)
1,682

753,106
636,702
797,031

2,551
285
1,150

45,894
35,035
60,742

Matrix

Sapiens

Magic

Insync

Total

-
205,622

-
217,257

-
57,736

10,768
-
8,588

354,901
326,469

162,173
155,974

223,983
201,736

6,151
7,400
7,381

F-76

-
-

-
-

-
-

1,386
8,380

6,337
7,641

-
-

1,257
1,436

280
(655)
-

361,238
539,732

162,173
373,231

225,240
260,908

17,199
8,131
24,349

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 18: - SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL STATEMENT INFORMATION (Cont.)

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Matrix

Sapiens

Magic

Insync

Total

Investments in segment assets:
2015
2014
2013

3,188
3,848
3,577

2,229
-
2,794

-
161
497

10
29
-

5,427
4,038
6,868

The following table presents reconciliation, between the data concerning revenues, assets and liabilities appearing in the individual operating 
segments' financial statements and the corresponding data appearing in the Company's consolidated financial statements:

Revenues:

Revenues as above
Less inter-segment transactions 

Revenues as per statements of operations

Identifiable assets:
Total assets of operating segments
Assets not identifiable to a particular segment
Elimination of inter-segment assets and other

Total assets as per consolidated balance sheets

Identifiable liabilities:
Total liabilities of operating segments
Liabilities not identifiable to a particular segment
Elimination of inter-segment liabilities and other

Total liabilities as per consolidated balance sheets

g.

Geographical information:

1.

The Company's long-lived assets are located as follows:

Israel
United States
Europe
Japan
Other

Total

F-77

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

2013

$

$

797,031
(1,150)

$

636,702
(285)

$

753,106
(2,551)

795,881

$

636,417

$

750,555

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

912,963
216,661
(4,500)

523,411
548,038
(4,500)

1,125,124

1,066,949

260,908
212,052
(4,500)

225,240
283,426
(4,500)

468,460

504,166

December 31,

2014

2015

$

18,204 $
451
1,345
109
17

13,540
424
235
-
-

$

20,126 $

14,199

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 18: - SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL STATEMENT INFORMATION (Cont.)

2.

Revenues:

The Company’s revenues classified by geographic area (based on the location of customers) are as follows:

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

2013

Israel
International:

United States
Europe
Other

Total

h.

Earnings per share:

$

526,179 $

531,193 $

527,628

155,002
84,864
29,836

87,270
14,576
3,378

144,489
63,347
15,091

$

795,881 $

636,417 $

750,555

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net earnings per share for the Company:

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

2013

Numerator:
Net income basic earnings per share - income available to shareholders

$

80,687

Amount for diluted earnings per share - income available to shareholders

Weighted average shares outstanding
Denominator for basic net earnings per share
Effect of dilutive securities

Denominator for diluted net earnings per share

Basic net earnings per share

Diluted net earnings per share

F-78

80,219

13,725
398

14,123

5.88

5.68

$

$

$

80,833

80,541

$

$

13,929
479

14,408

5.80

5.59

73,795

73,721

14,071
673

14,744

5.24

5.00

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 19:- SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On  May  9,  2016,  Israel  Aerospace  Industries  (IAI)  and  Formula  concluded  the  purchase  of  TSG  – a  subsidiary  and  the  military  arm  of  Ness  Technologies, 
engaged in the fields of command and control systems, intelligence, homeland security and cyber security. The total purchase price in the transaction amounted to
$ 51,532 in cash (subject to certain adjustments), with each of IAI and Formula acquiring 50% of TSG for $ 25,766. TSG is a leading provider of core command
and control systems to Israel's defense organization, including the Israeli Defense Forces and the Israeli Police.

FORMULA SYSTEMS (1985) LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

F-79

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2015

IN U.S. DOLLARS

INDEX

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Statements of Income

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

- - - - - - - -

Page

F-2 - F-4

F - 5 - F - 6

F – 7

F – 8

F – 9

F – 10 - F – 11

F - 12 - F – 40

Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer
3 Aminadav St.
Tel-Aviv 6706703, Israel

Tel: +972-3-6232525
Fax: +972-3-5622555
ey.com

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Sapiens International Corporation N.V. ("the Company") as of December 31, 2014 and 
2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2015. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on
these financial statements based on our audits. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require 
that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles
used  and  significant  estimates  made  by  management,  as  well  as  evaluating  the  overall  financial  statement  presentation.  We  believe  that  our  audits  provide  a
reasonable basis for our opinion.

In  our  opinion,  the  consolidated  financial  statements  referred  to  above  present  fairly,  in  all  material  respects,  the  consolidated  financial  position  of  the 
Company  as  of  December  31,  2014  and  2015  and  the  consolidated  results  of  its  operations  and  its  cash  flows  for  each  of  the  three  years  in  the  period  ended
December 31, 2015, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

We  also  have  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United  States),  the  Company's  internal 
control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  December  31,  2015,  based  on criteria  established  in  Internal  Control-Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of 
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated March 27, 2016, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Tel-Aviv, Israel
March 27, 2016

KOST FORER GABBAY & KASIERER
A member of EY Global

F - 2

Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer
3 Aminadav St.
Tel-Aviv 6706703, Israel

Tel: +972-3-6232525
Fax: +972-3-5622555
ey.com

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

We  have  audited  Sapiens  International  Corporation  N.V.  ("the  Company")  internal  control  over  financial reporting  as  of  December  31,  2015,  based  on 
criteria  established  in  Internal  Control-Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (2013
framework)  (the  COSO  criteria).  The  Company's  management  is  responsible  for  maintaining  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  and  for  its
assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial
Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that 
we  plan  and  perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  was  maintained  in  all  material
respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and
evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary
in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting 
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over
financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the
transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of
financial  statements  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles,  and  that  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  company  are  being  made  only  in
accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of
unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of 
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with
the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

F - 3

As indicated in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the 
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of Insseco (the "Entity"), which was acquired in August 2015 and is
included in the 2015 consolidated financial statements of the Company and constituted $2,362 thousands of total net assets, as of December 31, 2015 and $1,165 
thousands of net income, for the year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the
internal control over financial reporting of the Entity.

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the 

COSO criteria.

We  also  have  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United  States),  the  consolidated  balance 
sheets of Sapiens International Corporation N.V. as of December 31, 2014 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income,
changes in shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015 and our report dated March 27, 2016 expressed
an unqualified opinion thereon.

Tel-Aviv, Israel
March 27, 2016

KOST FORER GABBAY & KASIERER
A Member of EY Global

F - 4

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
U.S. dollars in thousands

ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS:

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

December 31,

2014 *)

2015

Cash and cash equivalents
Trade receivables (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $ 215 and $ 199 at December 31, 2014 and 2015, 

$

47,400

$

respectively)

Other receivables and prepaid expenses
Marketable Securities

Total current assets

LONG-TERM ASSETS:
Marketable securities
Other long-term assets
Severance pay fund
Capitalized software development costs, net
Other intangible assets, net
Goodwill
Property and equipment, net

Total long-term assets

Total assets

31,832
3,964
-

83,196

33,098
5,567
10,735
19,243
8,662
67,698
5,011

54,351

29,761
5,455
8,776

98,343

30,875
4,252
5,551
19,856
7,684
70,035
5,675

150,014

143,928

$

233,210

$

242,271

*) Derived from the audited financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2014, adjusted for the acquisition of Insseco (see note 1c).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F - 5

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share data)

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

CURRENT LIABILITIES:

Trade payables
Employees and payroll accruals
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Deferred revenues and customer advances

Total current liabilities

LONG-TERM LIABILITIES:
Other long-term liabilities
Accrued severance pay

Total long-term liabilities

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST

EQUITY:

Sapiens International Corporation N.V. Shareholders' equity:
Share capital:

Common shares of € 0.01 par value:

Authorized: 54,000,000 and 70,000,000 shares at December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively; 
Issued: 50,007,607 and 51,088,077 shares at December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively; 
Outstanding: 47,679,311 and 48,759,781 shares at December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively

Additional paid-in capital
Treasury shares, at cost - 2,328,296 Common shares at December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Accumulated deficit

Total Sapiens International Corporation N.V. shareholders' equity
Non-controlling interests

Total equity

Total liabilities and equity

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

December 31,

2014 *)

2015

$

$

3,310
15,251
11,700
9,272

39,533

3,217
12,008

15,225

4,721
17,119
14,893
10,268

47,001

6,414
6,662

13,076

159

385

667
249,271
(9,423)
(10,281)
(52,630)

177,604
689

178,293

678
233,980
(9,423)
(11,679)
(32,614)

180,942
867

181,809

$

233,210

$

242,271

*) Derived from the audited financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2014, adjusted for the acquisition of Insseco (see note 1c).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F - 6

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)

Revenues:
License
Services

Total Revenues

Cost of revenues:

License
Services

Total cost of revenues

Gross profit

Operating expenses:

Research and development
Selling, marketing, general and administrative

Total operating expenses

Operating income
Financial income, net

Income before taxes on income
Taxes on income

Net income

Attributable to non-controlling interests
Attributed to redeemable non-controlling interest
Adjustment to redeemable non-controlling interest

Net income attributable to Sapiens' shareholders

Net earnings per share attributable to Sapiens' shareholders

Basic

Diluted

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F - 7

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

$

15,164
120,213

$

13,204
144,246

$

135,377

157,450

953
84,018

84,971

50,406

11,846
26,677

38,523

11,883
520

12,403
(811)

11,592

(12)
-
-

883
98,212

99,095

58,355

11,352
32,097

43,449

14,906
124

15,030
(454)

14,576

131
(18)
-

12,300
173,336

185,636

505
110,687

111,192

74,444

10,235
39,859

50,094

24,350
163

24,513
(4,213)

20,300

59
1
224

$

$

$

11,604

$

14,463

$

20,016

0.29

0.27

$

$

0.31

0.30

$

$

0.42

0.41

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
U.S. dollars in thousands

Net income

Other comprehensive income (loss):

Foreign currency translation adjustments
Unrealized losses arising from marketable securities during the period, net of tax
Losses reclassified into earnings from marketable securities, net of tax

Total comprehensive income

Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests
Comprehensive income attributed to redeemable non-controlling interest
Comprehensive income adjustment to redeemable non-controlling interest

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

$

11,592

$

14,576

$

20,300

5,923
-
-

5,923

17,515

(41)
-
-

(11,181)
(158)
3

(11,336)

3,240

158
(18)
-

(1,367)
(37)
5

(1,399)

18,901

59
1
224

Comprehensive income attributable to Sapiens' shareholders

$

17,556

$

3,100

$

18,617

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F - 8

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
U.S. dollars in thousands (except of share data)

Common stock

Shares

Amount

Additional 
paid-in
capital

Treasury
shares

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive
Income (loss)

Accumulated Non-controlling

deficit

interests

Total
equity

Balance as of January 1, 2013

38,679,505

547

210,047

(9,423)

(4,870)

(78,697)

835

118,439

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

-
-
-

-
-
-
5,952
-

1,082

-

-
-
-
(11,363)
-

-
-
-

-
-
-
-
11,604

(67,093)

-

-
-
-
-
14,463

Stock-based compensation
Issuance of shares upon public offering, net
Distribution of dividend
Employee stock options exercised (cash and 

cashless)

Warrants exercised (cashless)
Dividend to non-controlling interests
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Net income

-
6,497,400
-

815,564
22,513
-
-
-

-
87
-

11
-
-
-
-

933
37,704
(5,802)

1,678
-
-
-
-

-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-

Balance as of December 31, 2013

46,014,982

645

244,560

(9,423)

Stock-based compensation
Employee stock options exercised (cash and 

cashless)

Warrants exercised (cashless)
Dividend to non-controlling interests
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Net income

Balance as of December 31, 2014

-

1,225,368
438,961
-
-
-

47,679,311

Adjustment for acquisition under common control

-

Balance as of December 31, 2014 *)

Stock-based compensation
Employee stock options exercised (cash and 

cashless)

Distribution of dividend
Dividend to non-controlling interests
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Adjustment to redeemable non-controlling interest
Distribution to ultimate parent for a business 

acquisition under common control

Net income

47,679,311

-

1,080,470
-
-
-
-

-
-

-

17
5
-
-
-

667

-

667

-

11
-
-
-
-

-
-

1,067

1,552
(5)
-
-
-

-

-
-
-
-
-

247,174

(9,423)

(10,281)

(52,630)

2,097

-

-

-

249,271

(9,423)

(10,281)

(52,630)

1,153

1,557
(7,186)
-
-
-

(10,815)
-

-

-
-
-
-
-

-
-

-

-
-
-
(1,398)
-

-
-

-

-
-
-
-
(224)

-
20,240

-
-
-

-
-
(157)
(29)
(12)

637

-

-
-
(106)
27
131

689

-

689

196

-
-
(77)
(1)
-

-
60

933
37,791
(5,802)

1,689
-
(157)
5,923
11,592

170,408

1,067

1,569
-
(106)
(11,336)
14,594

176,196

2,097

178,293

1,349

1,568
(7,186)
(77)
(1,399)
(224)

(10,815)
20,300

Balance as of December 31, 2015

48,759,781

$

678

$

233,980

$

(9,423)

$

(11,679)

$

(32,614)

$

867

$

181,809

*) Derived from the audited financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2014, adjusted for the acquisition of Insseco (see note 1c).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F - 9

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
U.S. dollars in thousands

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net income
Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization
Stock-based compensation
Amortization of premium and accrued interest on marketable securities

Net changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of amount acquired:

Trade receivables, net
Other operating assets
Deferred tax assets, net
Trade payables
Other operating liabilities
Deferred revenues and customer advances
Accrued severance pay, net

Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities:

Purchase of property and equipment
Capitalized software development costs
Net cash paid for acquisitions (b)
Investment in marketable securities
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities
Restricted cash, net

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

$

11,592

$

14,576

$

20,300

7,887
933
-

(6,677)
(2,317)
1,133
1,874
383
2,508
(50)

8,717
1,067
(225)

(6,637)
127
(1,020)
(3,297)
8,469
(223)
7

9,625
1,349
(453)

1,893
(1,229)
2,169
1,511
4,134
1,300
(159)

17,266

21,561

40,440

(4,129)
(5,392)
-
-
-
(210)

(1,468)
(6,094)
(2,064)
(34,906)
1,543
239

(2,815)
(6,032)
(2,934)
(7,678)
1,499
(893)

Net cash used in investing activities

$

(9,731) $

(42,750) $

(18,853)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F - 10

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
U.S. dollars in thousands

Cash flows from financing activities:

Proceeds from employee stock options exercised
Distribution to ultimate parent for a business acquisition under common control (c)
Issuance of shares upon public offering, net
Distribution of dividend
Dividend to non-controlling interest

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

Supplemental cash flow activities:

(a)   Cash paid (received) during the year for:

Interest paid

Interest received

Income taxes

(b) Net cash paid for acquisitions:
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition:
Working capital, net (excluding cash and cash equivalents)
Other long term assets
Other long term liabilities
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Contingent payments
Redeemable non-controlling interest

(c) Non-cash transactions:
Loan and  contingent payments to ultimate parent

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F - 11

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

$

1,689
-
37,791
(5,802)
(157)

33,521

207

41,263
29,050

$

1,569
-
-
-
(106)

1,463

(3,187)

(22,913)
70,313

70,313

$

47,400

$

1,568
(8,482)
-
(7,186)
(77)

(14,177)

(459)

6,951
47,400

54,351

7

$

(7) $

5

$

6

(604) $

(1,199)

739

$

665

$

2,234

$

$

-
-
-
-
-
-

-

-

(228) $
-
-
(2,013)
-
177

(2,064) $

(1,221)
(183)
1,424
(3,903)
949
-

(2,934)

-

(2,333)

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 1: GENERAL

a.

General:

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

Sapiens International Corporation N.V. (“Sapiens”) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”), a member of the Formula Systems 
(1985)  Ltd.  Group, is a global  provider of  software  solutions  for the  insurance  industry, with an emerging focus on  the broader  financial 
services sector. The Company's offerings include a broad range of software solutions and services, comprised of (i) core software solutions 
for the insurance industry, including Property & Casualty/General Insurance (“P&C”) and Life, Annuities and Pensions (“L&P”) products, 
and  record  keeping  software  solutions  for  providers  of  Retirement  Services  (ii)  variety  of  technology  based  solution  including  business 
decision management solutions for the financial services industry, including insurance, banking and capital markets and (iii) global Services 
including project delivery and implementation of the Company’ software solutions.

The Company's target markets are primarily North America, United Kingdom, Europe, Israel, and Asia Pacific.

b.

Acquisition of Ibexi:

On May 6, 2015, the Company completed the agreement to acquire all of outstanding shares of Ibexi Solution Private Limited (Ibexi), an 
India-based provider of insurance business and technology solutions, in total consideration of $4,764 including a contingent payment valued 
at $949 on the acquisition date.

In  addition,  an  amount  of  approximately  $1,900  is  subject  to  continued  employment  and  therefore  not  part  of  the  purchase  price  but  is 
recognized over the service period.

Ibexi was founded in 2001 and operates in Asia Pacific, servicing insurers in both the property and casualty and life, pension and annuities 
markets, including leading insurance companies in India.

c.

Acquisition of Insseco

On August 18, 2015 (the “acquisition date”), Sapiens completed the acquisition from Asseco Poland S.A. (“Asseco” or the “Seller”) of all 
issued and outstanding shares of Insseco. Asseco is the ultimate parent company of Sapiens, through holding in Formula Systems, which has 
been lastly effective as of December 23, 2014 and thereafter, the direct parent company of Sapiens. Insseco is a newly established company 
into which Asseco had transferred all of its Polish insurance employees, certain fixed assets, certain customer contracts and certain software 
including intellectual property rights. Insseco has a team of approximately 140 insurance professionals and an established presence in the 
Polish insurance market, and services major insurance customers in Poland, including top tier insurance carriers.

F - 12

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 1: GENERAL (Cont.)

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

Sapiens paid the acquisition consideration in cash, consisting of 34.3 million Polish Zloty or approximately $9,100. In addition, the seller 
has upside or downside performance based payments relating to achievements of revenue goals and profitability over the next five years. If 
the aggregate revenues generated by Insseco from its activity from July 1, 2015 through June 30, 2020 exceed 90 million Polish Zloty or 
approximately  $23,800,  the  Seller  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  additional  amounts  ranging  from  3%  to  15%  of  the  excess  amount  of  the 
respective revenues. If the aggregate revenues generated by Insseco for the period from July 1, 2015 through June 30, 2018 are below 84 
million Polish Zloty or $22,200, the seller shall pay Sapiens an amount equal to 35% of the deficiency below such amount. In addition, the 
amounts payable to the seller may be adjusted upwards or downwards as a result of changes in the profitability of a specific account that 
Sapiens acquired as part of the acquisition. The estimated fair value of the contingent payments that depend on the revenue and profitability 
goals as of December 31, 2015 is $887.

The acquisition of Insseco from Asseco, which is the ultimate parent company of Sapiens is a transaction between entities under common 
control, and therefore accounted for under the pooling of interest method in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. Under the 
pooling-of-interests  method,  combination  between  two  businesses  under  common  control  is  accounted  for  at  carrying  amounts  with 
retrospective adjustment of prior period financial statements. As the common control achieved on December 23, 2014, the balance sheet as 
of  December  31,  2014  of  Sapiens  was  adjusted  to  reflect  the  carrying  amounts  combination  between  Sapiens  and  Insseco.  The  results  of 
Sapiens for the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2015 were also adjusted to reflect the combination with Insseco, accordingly.

Under  the  pooling-of-interests  method,  the  equity  accounts  of  the  combining  entities  are  combined  and  the  difference  between  the 
consideration paid and the net assets acquired is reflected as an equity transaction (i.e., distribution to parent company). As opposed to the 
purchase method of accounting, no intangible assets are recognized in the transaction, other than those existed in the combining entities and 
no goodwill is recognized as a result of the combination.

The application of the pooling-of-interests method with respect to the acquisition of Insseco increased the total assets, liabilities and equity 
as of December 31, 2014 by $4,387, $2,290, and $2,097, respectively. Revenues, pretax income and net income of Insseco for the twelve-
month  period  ended  December  31,  2015,  which  are  included  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  income  amounted  to  $10,516,  $1,324  and 
$1,165, respectively.

F - 13

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 1: GENERAL (Cont.)

d.

Acquisition in previous year:

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

On August 1, 2014, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding shares of Knowledge Partners International (KPI), a 
pioneer  and  recognized  leader  in  decision  management  consultancy,  services  and  training,  in  consideration  of  $ 2,380,  composed  of  the 
following:

Cash Payment
Share consideration *

Total purchase price

$

$

2,203
177

2,380

*)

Sapiens  issued  57,000  shares  of  its  subsidiary,  Sapiens  software  solution  (Decision)  LTD,  reflecting  3%  of  the  subsidiary's 
outstanding shares.
According  to  the  agreement  the  sellers  will  have  the  right  to  sell  their  minority  interests  to  the  Company  during  the  period 
commencing on the date that is 48 months following the acquisition date, and the Company will have corresponding call option.

Sapiens issued additional 88,500 restricted shares of its subsidiary, Sapiens software solution (Decision) Ltd, vesting and expensed over a 
period of 3 years commencing the acquisition date.

F - 14

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

The  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  United  States  ("U.S. 
GAAP").

a.

Use of estimates:

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments 
and  assumptions.  The  Company's  management  believes  that  the  estimates,  judgments  and  assumptions  used  are  reasonable  based  upon 
information available at the time they are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and 
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and 
expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

b.

Financial statements in United States dollars:

The currency of the primary economic environment in which the operations of Sapiens and certain subsidiaries are conducted is the U.S. 
dollar ("dollar"); thus, the dollar is the functional currency of Sapiens and certain subsidiaries.

Sapiens  and  certain  subsidiaries'  transactions  and  balances  denominated  in  dollars  are  presented  at  their  original  amounts.  Non-dollar 
transactions and balances have been remeasured to dollars in accordance with ASC 830, "Foreign Currency Matters". All transaction gains 
and  losses  from  remeasurement  of  monetary  balance  sheet  items  denominated  in  non-dollar  currencies  are  reflected  in  the  statements  of 
income as financial income or expenses, as appropriate.

For those subsidiaries whose functional currency has been determined to be their local currency, assets and liabilities are translated at year-
end  exchange  rates  and  statement  of  income  items  are  translated  at  average  exchange  rates  prevailing  during  the  year.  Such  translation 
adjustments are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders' equity.

c.

Principles of consolidation:

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances 
and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Non-controlling  interests  of  subsidiaries  represent the non-controlling shareholders' share of  the  total comprehensive  income (loss) of  the 
subsidiaries  and  fair  value  of  the  net  assets  upon  the  acquisition  of  the  subsidiaries.  The  non-controlling  interests  are  presented  in  equity 
separately from the equity attributable to the equity holders of the Company.

Redeemable non-controlling interests are classified as mezzanine equity, separate from permanent equity, on the consolidated balance sheets 
and measured at each reporting period at the higher of their redemption amount or the non-controlling interest book value, in accordance 
with  the  requirements  of  Accounting  Standards  Codification  (“ASC”)  810  “Consolidation” and  ASC  480-10-S99-3A,  “Distinguishing 
Liabilities from Equity”.

F - 15

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

d.

Cash equivalents:

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash, with original maturities of three months or less 
at acquisition.

e.

Restricted cash:

The  Company  maintains  certain  cash  amounts  restricted  as  to  withdrawal  or  use.  As  of  December  31,  2014  and  2015,  the  Company 
maintained  a  balance  of  $ 484  and  $1,370, respectively  that  represents  security  deposits  with  respect  to  lease  agreements,  hedging 
transactions and credit lines from banks. Restricted cash is included within other receivables and prepaid expenses.

f.

Marketable securities:

The Company accounts for all its investments in debt securities, in accordance with ASC 320, “Investments - Debt and Equity Securities”. 
The  Company  classifies  all  debt  securities  as  “available-for-sale”.  All  of  the  Company’s  investments  in  available-for-sale  securities  are 
reported  at  fair  value.  Unrealized  gains  and  losses  are  comprised  of  the  difference  between  fair  value  and  the  amortized  cost  of  such 
securities and are recognized, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

The  amortized  cost  of  debt  securities  is  adjusted  for  amortization  of  premiums  and  accretion  of  discounts  to  maturity.  Such  amortization 
together with interest on securities is included in "financial income, net".

The Company recognizes an impairment charge when a decline in the fair value of its investments in debt securities below the cost basis of 
such securities is judged to be other-than-temporary. Factors considered in making such a determination include the duration and severity of 
the impairment, the reason for the decline in value, the potential recovery period and the Company’s intent to sell, including whether it is 
more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investment before recovery of cost basis. For securities that are deemed 
other-than-temporarily impaired, the amount of impairment is recognized in “net gain on sale of marketable securities previously impaired”
in the statements of income and is limited to the amount related to credit losses, while impairment related to other factors is recognized in 
other  comprehensive  income.  During  2015  the  Company  did  not  recognize  an  impairment  charge  as  the  decline  in  fair  value  of  its 
investment in marketable securities is not judged to be other-than-temporary.

F - 16

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

g.

Property and equipment, net:

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of 
the assets, at the following annual rates:

Computers and peripheral equipment
Office furniture and equipment

%

17 - 33
6 - 20

Leasehold improvements are amortized by the straight-line method over the term of the lease (including option terms that are deemed to be 
reasonably assured) or the estimated useful life of the improvements, whichever is shorter.

h.

Research and development costs:

Research and development costs incurred in the process of software production before establishment of technological feasibility are charged 
to  expenses  as  incurred.  Costs  incurred  to  develop  software  to  be  sold  are  capitalized  after  technological  feasibility  is  established  in 
accordance  with  ASC  985-20,  "Software  -  Costs  of  Software  to  be  Sold,  Leased,  or  Marketed".  Based  on  the  Company's  product 
development process, technological feasibility is established upon completion of a detailed program design.

Costs incurred by the Company between completion of the detailed program design and the point at which the product is ready for general 
release, have been capitalized.

Capitalized  software  development  costs  are  amortized  by  the  straight-line  method  over  the  estimated  useful  life  of  the  software  product 
(between 5-7 years).

i.

Other intangible assets, net:

Technology  and  Patent  are  amortized  over  their  estimated  useful  life  on  a  straight-line  basis.  The  acquired  customer  relationships  are 
amortized over their estimated useful lives in proportion to the economic benefits realized or the straight-line method. The weighted average
annual rates for other intangible assets are as follows:

Technology
Customer relationships
Patent

%

15 - 25
10 - 14
10

F - 17

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

j.

Impairment of long-lived assets:

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

The Company's long-lived assets and identifiable intangibles that are subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment in accordance with 
ASC 360 "Property, Plant, and Equipment", whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may 
not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future 
undiscounted  cash  flows  expected  to  be  generated  by  the  assets.  If  such  assets  are  considered  to  be  impaired,  the  impairment  to  be 
recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. During 2013, 2014 
and 2015, no impairment losses have been identified.

k.

Goodwill:

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets 
acquired.  Under  ASC  350,"Intangibles-  Goodwill  and  Other"  ("ASC  350"),  goodwill  is  subject  to  an  annual  impairment  test  or  more 
frequently if impairment indicators are present. Goodwill impairment is deemed to exist if the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its 
estimated fair value. The Company operates in four reporting units: Emerge, L&P, Decision and P&C.

The Company applied the provisions of ASC 350 for the Company's annual impairment test. Under the provisions, an entity has the option 
to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely 
than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the qualitative assessment does not result in a more likely 
than not indication of impairment, no further impairment testing is required.

The  Company  performed  a  qualitative  assessment  during  the  fourth  quarter  of  each  of  2013,  2014  and  2015  and  concluded  that  the 
qualitative  assessment  did  not  result  in  a  more  likely  than  not  indication  of  impairment,  and  therefore  no  further  impairment  testing  was 
required.

l.

Revenue recognition:

The  Company  generates  revenues  from  sales  of  software  licenses  which  normally  include  significant  implementation  services  that  are 
considered  essential  to  the  functionality  of  the  software  license.  In  addition,  the  Company  generates  revenues  from  post  implementation 
consulting services and maintenance services.

Revenues  are  recognized  when  persuasive  evidence  of  an  agreement  exists,  delivery  of  the  product  has  occurred,  the  fee  is  fixed  or 
determinable,  and  collectability  is  probable.  The  Company  considers  all  arrangements  with  payment  terms  extending  beyond  six  months 
from the delivery of the elements not to be fixed or determinable. If the fee is not fixed or determinable, revenue is recognized as payments 
become due from the customer, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

F - 18

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

The  Company  usually  sells  its  software  licenses  as  part  of  an  overall  solution  offered  to  a  customer  that  combines  the  sale  of  software 
licenses  which  normally  include  significant  implementation  that  is  considered  essential  to  the  functionality  of  the  license.  The  Company 
accounts  for  revenues  from  the  services  (either  fixed  price  or  Time  and  Materials  (T&M))  together  with  the  software  under  contract 
accounting  using  the  percentage-of-completion  method  in  accordance  with  ASC  605-35,  "Construction-Type  and  Production-Type 
Contracts".  The  percentage  of  completion  method  is  used  when  the  required  services  are  quantifiable,  based  on  the  estimated  number  of 
labor hours necessary to complete the project, and under that method revenues are recognized using labor hours incurred as the measure of 
progress towards completion. 

In  accordance  with  ASC  985-605,  the  Company  establishes  Vendor  Specific  Objective  Evidence  ("VSOE")  of  fair  value  of  maintenance 
services  (PCS)  based  on  the  Bell-Shaped  approach  and  determined  VSOE  for  PCS,  based  on  the  price  charged  when  the  element  is  sold 
separately (that is, the actual renewal rate). The Company's process for establishing VSOE of fair value of PCS is through performance of 
VSOE compliance test which is an analysis of the entire population of PCS renewal activity for its installed base of customers.

Provisions  for  estimated  losses  on  contracts  in  progress  are  made  in  the  period  in  which  they  are  first  determined,  in  the  amount  of  the 
estimated loss on the entire contact.

Maintenance revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance agreement. Deferred revenues and customer advances include 
unearned amounts received under maintenance and support agreements and amounts received from customers, for which revenues have not 
yet been recognized.

In addition, the Company derives a significant portion of its revenues from post implementation consulting services provided on a "Time and 
Materials" ("T&M") basis which are recognized as services are performed.

m.

Income taxes:

The  Company  accounts  for  income  taxes  in  accordance  with  ASC  740,  "Income  Taxes".  This  topic  prescribes  the  use  of  the  asset  and 
liability  method,  whereby  deferred  tax  asset  and  liability  account  balances  are  determined  based  on  the  differences  between  the  financial 
reporting  and  tax  bases  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  are  measured  using  the  enacted  tax  rates  and  laws  that  will  be  in  effect  when  the 
differences  are  expected  to  reverse.  The  Company  provides  a  valuation  allowance,  if  necessary,  to  reduce  deferred  tax  assets  to  their 
estimated realizable value. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are classified as long-term in the balance sheets. See also note 2v 
for adoption of ASU 2015-17.

The Company implements a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position 
taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that, 
on an evaluation of the technical merits, the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation 
processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% (cumulative basis) likely to be realized 
upon ultimate settlement.

The Company classifies interest as financial expenses and penalties as selling, marketing, general and administration expenses.

F - 19

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

n.

Concentrations of credit risks:

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, 
restricted cash, trade receivables, marketable securities and foreign currency derivative contracts.

The Company's cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are invested in bank deposits mainly in dollars, with a significant portion also 
invested in NIS. Deposits in the U.S. may be in excess of insured limits and are not insured in other jurisdictions. Generally, these banks 
deposits may be redeemed upon demand and therefore bear minimal risk.

The Company's trade receivables are generally derived from sales to large and solid organizations located mainly in North America, Israel, 
United Kingdom, Rest of Europe and Asia Pacific. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and to date has not 
experienced  any  material  losses.  In  certain  circumstances,  the  Company  may  require  prepayment.  An  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  is 
determined with respect to those amounts that the Company has determined to be doubtful of collection. Provisions for doubtful accounts 
were recorded in selling, marketing, general and administrative expenses.

The Company's marketable securities include investment in corporate debentures. The Company's investment policy limits the amount that 
the Company may invest in any one type of investment or issuer, thereby reducing credit risk concentrations.

The Company entered into forward contracts, and option contracts intended to protect against the increase in value of forecasted non-dollar 
currency cash flows. The derivative instruments hedge a portion of the Company's non-dollar currency exposure.

No off-balance sheet concentrations of credit risk exist.

o.

Accrued severance pay:

The Company's liability for severance pay for its Israeli employees is calculated pursuant to Israel's Severance Pay Law based on the most 
recent  monthly  salary  of  the  employees  multiplied  by  the  number  of  years  of  employment  as  of  the  balance  sheet  date.  Employees  are 
entitled  to  one  month's  salary  for  each  year  of  employment,  or  a  portion  thereof.  The  Company's  liability  is  fully  provided  by  monthly 
deposits with insurance policies and severance pay funds and by an accrual.

The deposited funds include profits (losses) accumulated up to the balance sheet date. The deposited funds may be withdrawn only upon the 
fulfillment of the obligation pursuant to Israel's Severance Pay Law or employment agreements. The value of the deposited funds is based on 
the cash surrendered value of these policies and recorded as an asset in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

F - 20

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

In  addition,  the  Company  signed  on  a  collective  agreement  with  certain  employees,  according  to  which  the  Company's  contributions  for 
severance pay shall be instead of severance compensation and that upon release of the policy to the employee, no additional payments shall 
be made by the Company to the employee. Generally, the Company, under its sole discretion, pays to these employees the entire liability, 
irrespective of the collective agreement described per above. Therefore, the net obligation related to those employees is stated on the balance 
sheet as accrued severance pay.

The Company's agreements with certain employees in Israel are in accordance with Section 14 of the Severance Pay Law, 1963, whereas, 
the  Company's  contributions  for  severance  pay  shall  be  instead  of  its  severance  liability.  Upon  contribution  of  the  full  amount  of  the 
employee's  monthly  salary,  and  release  of  the  policy  to  the  employee,  no  additional  calculations  shall  be  conducted  between  the  parties 
regarding  the  matter  of  severance  pay  and  no  additional  payments  shall  be  made  by  the  Company  to  the  employee.  Further,  the  related 
obligation  and  amounts  deposited  on  behalf  of  such  obligation  are  not  stated  on  the  balance  sheet,  as  they  are  legally  released  from 
obligation to employees once the deposit amounts have been paid.

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015,  the  Israeli  ministry  of  Economy  has  approved  the  Company's  request  to  retroactively  apply 
section 14 for part of the Company's Israeli employees which elected to be included under section 14. As part of the process, the Company 
deposited  to  these  employees'  severance  pay  funds  all  required  amounts  to  cover  the  severance  pay  liabilities.  Under  the  section  14,  as 
mentioned above, the severance pay fund and liabilities are not stated on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2015.

Severance expense for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015 amounted to $ 2,909, $ 3,022 and $3,518, respectively.

p.

Basic and diluted net earnings per share:

Basic net earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each year. Diluted 
net earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each year plus dilutive 
potential equivalent common shares considered outstanding during the year, in accordance with ASC 260, "Earnings Per Share".

q.

Stock-based compensation:

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, "Compensation - Stock Compensation" ("ASC 718"), 
which  requires  the  measurement  and  recognition  of  compensation  expense  based  on  estimated  fair  values  for  all  share-based  payment 
awards made. ASC 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of equity-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-
pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service 
periods in the Company's consolidated statements of income.

The Company uses the Binomial Lattice ("Binomial model") option-pricing model to estimate the fair value for any options granted. The 
Binomial model takes into account variables such as volatility, dividend yield rate, and risk free interest rate and also allows for the use of 
dynamic assumptions and considers the contractual term of the option, the probability that the option will be exercised prior to the end of its 
contractual life, and the probability of termination or retirement of the option holder in computing the value of the option.

F - 21

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award. The Company recognizes compensation 
expenses  for  the  value  of  its  awards,  which  have  graded  vesting,  based  on  the  straight-line  basis  over  the  requisite  service  period  of  the 
award, net of estimated forfeitures. Estimated forfeitures are based on actual historical pre-vesting forfeitures.

The  fair  value  of  each  option  granted  in  2013,  2014  and  2015  using  the  Binomial  model,  was  estimated  on  the  date  of  grant  with  the 
following assumptions:

Contractual life
Expected exercise factor
Dividend yield
Expected volatility (weighted average)
Risk-free interest rate

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

2013

6 years
1.5-2
0%
54.3%
1.0%-2.1%

6 years
1.5-2
0%
48.9%
1.8%-1.9%

6 years
1.5
0%
43.0%-44.1%
1.6%-1.8%

The  risk-free  interest  rate  assumption  is  based  on  the  yield  from  U.S.  Treasury  zero-coupon  bonds  with  an  equivalent  term  as  of  the 
Company's employee stock options. Since dividend payment is applied to reduce the exercise price of the option, the effect of the dividend
protection is reflected by using an expected dividend assumption of zero. The expected life of options granted is derived from the output of
the  option  valuation  model  and  represents  the  period  of  time  the  options  are  expected  to  be  outstanding.  The  expected  exercise  factor  is
based on industry acceptable rates since no actual historical behavior by option holders exists. Expected volatility is based on the historical
volatility of the Company.

r.

Fair value of financial instruments:

ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures" ("ASC 820"), defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or 
paid  to  transfer  a  liability  (i.e.,  the  "exit  price")  in  an  orderly  transaction  between  market  participants  at  the  measurement  date.  In 
determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches. ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair 
value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs 
be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on 
market  data  obtained  from  sources  independent  of  the  Company.  Unobservable  inputs  are  inputs  that  reflect  the  Company's  assumptions 
about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the 
circumstances.

F - 22

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when 
measuring fair value.

As  a  basis  for  considering  such  assumptions,  ASC  820  establishes  a  three-tier  value  hierarchy,  which  prioritizes  the  inputs  used  in  the 
valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:

Level 1 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation 
adjustments and block discounts are not applied to Level 1 instruments. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are 
readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment.

Level 2 - Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, 

either directly or indirectly.

Level 3 - Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The Company measures its marketable debt securities and foreign currency derivative instruments at fair value. The Company's marketable 
debts securities are traded in markets that are not considered to be active, but are valued based on quoted market prices, broker or dealer 
quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency and accordingly are categorized as Level 2.

Foreign currency derivative contracts are classified within Level 2 as the valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and market observable 
data of similar instruments.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to 
the short-term maturities of such instruments.

s.

Derivatives and hedging:

The  Company  enters  into  option  contracts  and  forward  contracts  to  hedge  certain  transactions  denominated  in  foreign  currencies.  The 
purpose of the Company's foreign currency hedging activities is to protect the Company from risk that the eventual dollar cash flows from 
international  activities  will  be  adversely  affected  by  changes  in  the  exchange  rates.  The  Company's  option  and  forward  contracts  do  not 
qualify as hedging instruments under ASC 815, "Derivatives and hedging". Changes in the fair value of option strategies are reflected in the 
consolidated statements of income as financial income or expense.

In  2013,  2014  and  2015,  the  Company  entered  into  option  strategies  contracts  in  the  notional  amounts  of  $9,868,  $33,270  and  $9,250, 
respectively and in 2013, 2014 and 2015, the Company entered into forward contracts in the notional amounts of $299, $7,383 and $42,770, 
respectively, in order to protect against foreign currency fluctuations.

F - 23

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

As of December 31, 2014 and 2015, the Company had outstanding options and forward contracts, in the notional amount of $25,772 and 
$21,876, respectively.

In  2013,  2014  and  2015,  the  Company  recorded  an  income  (expenses)  of  $387,  $(397)  and  $230,  respectively,  with  respect  to  the  above 
transactions, presented in the statements of income as financial income (expenses).

t.

Treasury shares:

Repurchased  common  shares  are  held  as  treasury  shares.  The  Company  presents  the  cost  to  repurchase  treasury  stock  as  a  reduction  of 
shareholders’ equity.

u.

Comprehensive income (loss):

The Company accounts for comprehensive income (loss) in accordance with ASC 220, "Comprehensive Income". Comprehensive income 
generally  represents  all  changes  in  shareholders'  equity  during  the  period  except  those  resulting  from  investments  by,  or  distributions  to, 
shareholders.

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), in the amount of $ (10,281) and $ (11,679) at December 31, 2014 and 
2015, respectively, were as follows:

Foreign currency translation differences
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of tax

v.

Impact of recently issued accounting standards:

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

(10,126) $
(155)

(11,492)
(187)

(10,281) $

(11,679)

In  November  2015,  the  FASB  issued  Accounting  Standards  Update  2015-17  (ASU  2015-17)  Balance  Sheet  Classification  of  Deferred 
Taxes, which requires that deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities be classified as noncurrent in the balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 is 
effective  for  the  interim  and  annual  periods  ending  after  December  15,  2016.  Early  adoption  is  permitted,  and  the  Company  adopted  the 
provisions  of  ASU  2015-17  retrospectively  as  of  December  31,  2015.  Prior  period  information  presented  in  the  Company's  consolidated 
financial statements was retrospectively adjusted, resulting in the reclassification of $2,319 of deferred tax assets from current assets to long-
term assets within the Company's consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2014.

On  May  28,  2014,  the  FASB  completed  its  Revenue  Recognition  project  by  issuing  ASU  No.  2014-09,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with 
Customers (Topic 606). The new guidance establishes the principles to report useful information to users of financial statements about the 
nature, timing, and uncertainty of revenue from contracts with customers. The new Revenue Recognition guidance is effective for annual 
reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Early application is 
not permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the method of adoption, as well as the effect that adoption of this ASU will have on its 
consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842), whereby, lessees will be required to recognize for all leases at the 
commencement date a lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted 
basis; and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease 
term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. A modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or 
entered  into  after,  the  beginning  of  the  earliest  comparative  period  presented  in  the  financial  statements  must  be  applied.  The  modified 
retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. 
Companies may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after 
December 15, 2018. Early application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of this pronouncement.

F - 24

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 3: MARKETABLE SECURITIES

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the fair value, Amortized cost and gross unrealized holding gains and losses of available-for-sale marketable 
securities were as follows: 

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

Government debentures – fixed interest rate
Corporate debentures – fixed interest rate

Government debentures – fixed interest rate
Corporate debentures – fixed interest rate

Amortized
Cost

5,242
34,663

39,905

Amortized
Cost

5,161
28,148

33,309

$
$

$

$
$

$

December 31, 2015

Gross
unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
losses

Fair
value

-
-

-

$
$

$

(19) $
(235) $

5,223
34,428

(254) $

39,651

December 31, 2014

Gross
unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
losses

Fair
value

-
-

-

$
$

$

(33) $
(178) $

5,128
27,970

(211) $

33,098

As  of  December  31,  2015,  the  contractual  maturities  of  available-for-sale  marketable  securities  are  up  to  3  years,  an  amount  of  $8,776  were 
classified as short-term marketable securities as part of the current assets due to contractual maturity of up to one year. Interest receivable included 
in other receivables and prepaid expenses amounted to $ 280 and $334 as of December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

NOTE 4: OTHER LONG TERM ASSETS

Deferred tax assets
Government authorities
Other

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

$

3,014
1,688
865

5,567

$

2,779
-
1,473

4,252

As of December 31, 2015, the amounts receivable from government authorities were classified as current assets.

F - 25

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 5:

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Cost:

Computers and peripheral equipment
Office furniture, equipment and other
Leasehold improvements

Accumulated depreciation:

Computers and peripheral equipment
Office furniture, equipment and other
Leasehold improvements

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

13,762
4,235
2,811

20,808

11,716
2,652
1,429

15,797

15,477
4,228
2,780

22,485

12,712
2,607
1,491

16,810

5,675

Depreciated cost

$

5,011

$

Depreciation expense totaled $1,260, $1,582 and $2,080 for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

NOTE 6:

CAPITALIZED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT COSTS, NET

The changes in capitalized software development costs during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 were as follows:

Balance at the beginning of the year

Capitalization
Adjustment for acquisition under common control
Amortization
Functional currency translation adjustments

Balance at the year end

Year ended December 31,
2015
2014

$

$

19,704

$

19,243

6,094
563
(4,926)
(2,192)

6,032
-
(5,439)
20

19,243

$

19,856

Amortization  of  capitalized  software  development  costs  for  2013,  2014  and  2015,  was  $4,500,  $4,926  and  $5,439,  respectively.  Amortization 
expense is included in cost of revenues.

F - 26

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 7: OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

a.

Other intangible assets, net, are comprised of the following:

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

Original amounts:

Customer relationships
Technology
Patent

Accumulated amortization:

Customer relationships
Technology
Patent

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

9,845
6,871
1,234

17,950

5,239
3,998
51

9,288

b.

c.

Other intangible assets, net

$

8,662

$

Amortization of other intangible assets was $2,127, $2,209 and $2,106 for 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for future periods:

For the year ended December 31,

2016
2017
2018
2019
2020 and thereafter

$

$

1,768
1,728
1,461
858
1,869

7,684

F - 27

10,853
6,717
1,230

18,800

6,361
4,581
174

11,116

7,684

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 8:- GOODWILL

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

Balance at the beginning of the year

Acquisition of subsidiaries
Functional currency translation adjustments

Balance at the year end

NOTE 9:

ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES

Government authorities
Accrued royalties to the OCS (Note 10a)
Accrued expenses

NOTE 10: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Year ended December 31,
2015
2014

72,438

$

67,698

613
(5,353)

2,588
(251)

67,698

$

70,035

December 31,

2014

2015

$

3,673
283
7,744

11,700

$

3,419
251
11,223

14,893

$

$

$

$

a.

Sapiens  Technologies  (1982)  Ltd.  ("Sapiens  Technologies"),  a  subsidiary  incorporated  in  Israel,  was  partially  financed  under  programs 
sponsored by the Office of Chief Scientist ("OCS") for the support of certain research and development activities conducted in Israel.

In  exchange  for  participation  in  the  programs  by  the  OCS,  the  Company  agreed  to  pay  3.5%  of  total  net  consolidated  license  and 
maintenance revenue and 0.35% of the net consolidated consulting services revenue related to the software developed within the framework 
of these programs based on an understanding with the OCS reached in January 2012.

The royalties will be paid up to a maximum amount equaling 100%-150% of the grants provided by the OCS, linked to the dollar, and for 
grants received after January 1, 1999, bear annual interest at a rate based on LIBOR.

F - 28

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 10: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (Cont.)

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

Royalties' expenses amounted to $514, $618 and $505 in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively, and are included in cost of revenues.

As of December 31, 2015, the Company had a contingent liability to pay royalties of $7,332.

b.

Lease commitments:

The Company leases office space, office equipment and various motor vehicles under operating leases.

1.

The  Company's  office  space  and  office  equipment  are  rented  under  several  operating  leases.  Future  minimum  lease  commitments 
under non-cancelable operating leases for the years ended December 31, were as follows:

2016
2017
2018
2019
2020 and thereafter

$

4,590
3,989
3,746
3,363
1,356

$

17,044

Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 was $3,370, $3,782 and $4,418 respectively.

2.

The Company leases its motor vehicles under cancelable operating lease agreements.

The minimum payment under these operating leases, upon cancellation of these lease agreements was $173 as of December 31, 2015.

c.

The  Company  has  provided  bank  guarantees  in  the  amount  of  $1,076  as  security  for  the  rent  to  be  paid  for  its  leased  offices.  The  bank 
guarantees  is  valid  through  February  2016  and  thereafter  was  renewed  in  an  amount  of  approximately  $600  which  will  be  valid  through 
February 2017. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had restricted bank deposits of $487 in favor of the bank guarantees.

As of  December  31,  2015,  the Company has provided bank guarantees in the  amount of  $582 as  security for the performance of  various 
contracts with customers and suppliers.

In order to secure a credit line for one of Sapiens' subsidiaries, the Company has created a general floating pledge on that subsidiary's assets 
in favor of the bank providing the line of credit.

F - 29

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 10: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (Cont.)

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

d.

On August 27, 2015, the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary was summoned to a hearing at a court in Amsterdam in connection with a 
claim initiated against it by one of its customers.

Although  the  software  system  provided  by  the  subsidiary  has  been  used  by  the  customer  since  2008,  the  customer  now  claims  that  the 
software system furnished to the customer did not comply with the requirements of the customer and that the subsidiary failed to correct 
errors in the software systems in accordance with the service level agreement between the parties. The remedies sought by the customer are 
(i) termination of all contracts with the subsidiary and (ii) refund of all amounts paid by the customer to the subsidiary under the foregoing 
contracts plus damages in an aggregate amount of approximately €21.5 million.

As of  the  date of  publication of  these  financial  statements, the  Company  is  examining together with  its  advisors the foregoing  claim, the 
obligations  of  the  subsidiary  under  the  contracts  with  the  customer  (including  limitations  on  liability  thereunder)  and  the  availability  of 
insurance coverage with respect to the claim.  The Company has included in these financial statements a provision which reflects the current 
estimate of the potential outcome of the foregoing claim.

NOTE 11: TAXES ON INCOME

a.

Parent taxation:

Sapiens is governed under the laws of Curaçao. In addition, Sapiens is registered as an Israeli corporation for tax purposes only.

b.

Israeli taxation:

1.

Corporate tax rates in Israel:

Taxable income of Israeli companies is subject to tax at the rate of 25% in 2013 and 26.5% in 2014 and 2015.

On January 4, 2016, the Israeli Parliament's Plenum approved by a second and third reading the Bill for Amending the Income Tax 
Ordinance (No. 217) (Reduction of Corporate Tax Rate), 2015, which consists of the reduction of the corporate tax rate from 26.5% 
to  25%.  The  Company  estimates  that  the  effect  of  the  change  in  tax  rates  will  result  in  a  decrease  in  deferred  tax  balances  as  of 
December 31, 2015 in immaterial amounts.

2.

Tax benefits under the Israel Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959 ("the Law"):

Certain  of  the  Company's  Israeli  subsidiaries  have  been  granted  "Approved  Enterprise"  and  "Beneficiary  Enterprise"  status,  which 
provides  certain  benefits,  including  tax  exemptions  and  reduced  tax  rates.  Income  not  eligible  for  Approved  Enterprise  and 
Beneficiary Enterprise benefits is taxed at regular rates.

The  entitlement  to  the  above  benefits  is  conditional  upon  the  fulfilling  of  the  conditions  stipulated  by  the  Laws  and  regulations. 
Should the certain Israeli subsidiaries fail to meet such requirements in the future, income attributable to their Approved Enterprise 
and Beneficiary Enterprise programs could be subject to the statutory Israeli corporate tax rate and they could be required to refund a 
portion of the tax benefits already received, with respect to such programs. As of December 31, 2015, management believes that these 
subsidiaries are in compliance with all the conditions required by the Law.

Effective January 1, 2011, the Knesset enacted the Law for Economic Policy for 2011 and 2012 (Amended Legislation), and among 
other things, amended the Law, ("the Amendment"). According to the Amendment, the benefit tracks in the Investment Law were 
modified and a flat tax rate applies to the Company's entire preferred income. The Company is able to opt to apply (the waiver is non-
recourse) the Amendment and from then on it is subject to the amended tax rate of 16%.

Under the terms of the Approved Enterprise program, income that is attributable to one of The Company's Israeli subsidiaries was 
exempt  from  income  tax  for  a  period  of  two  years  commencing  2014.  The  tax  exemption  has  resulted  in  a  tax  savings  of 
approximately $1,100 in the year ended December 31, 2015. If such tax-exempt income is distributed in a manner other than upon 
complete liquidation of the Company, it would be taxed at the reduced corporate tax rate applicable to such profits (25%), and an 
income tax liability of up to approximately $1,000 would be incurred as of December 31, 2015.

F - 30

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 11: TAXES ON INCOME (Cont.)

3.

Foreign Exchange Regulations:

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

Under  the  Foreign  Exchange  Regulations,  some  of  the  Company's  Israeli  subsidiaries  calculate  their  tax  liability  in  U.S.  Dollars 
according to certain orders. The tax liability, as calculated in U.S. Dollars is translated into NIS according to the exchange rate as of 
December 31st of each year.

c.

Income taxes on non-Israeli subsidiaries:

Non-Israeli  subsidiaries are taxed according to the tax  laws in their  respective country  of residence.  Neither  Israeli income taxes, foreign 
withholding  taxes  nor  deferred  income  taxes  were  provided  in  relation  to  undistributed  earnings  of  the  non-Israelis  subsidiaries.  This  is 
because  the  Company  intends  to  permanently  reinvest  undistributed  earnings  in  the  foreign  subsidiaries  in  which  those  earnings  arose.  If 
these  earnings  were  distributed  in  the  form  of  dividends  or  otherwise,  the  Company  would  be  subject  to  additional  Israeli  income  taxes 
(subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits) and non-Israeli withholding taxes.

The amount of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that are considered to be reinvested as of December 31, 2015 was $15,084 and 
the  amount  of  the  unrecognized  deferred  tax  liability  for  temporary  differences  related  to  investments  in  foreign  subsidiaries  that  were 
essentially permanent in duration as of December 31, 2015 was $1,100.

d.

Net operating losses carry forward:

As of December 31, 2015, certain subsidiaries had tax loss carry-forwards totaling approximately $ 29,050. Most of these carry-forward tax 
losses have no expiration date.

F - 31

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 11: TAXES ON INCOME (Cont.)

e.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities:

Deferred  taxes  reflect  the  net  tax  effects  of  temporary  differences  between  the  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  for  financial 
reporting purposes and the amounts used for tax purposes. Significant components of the Company deferred tax assets are as follows:

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

Deferred tax assets:

Net operating losses carry forward
Research and development
Other

Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance
Valuation allowance

Deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities:

Capitalized software development costs
Acquired intangibles
Property and equipment
Other

Deferred tax liabilities

Deferred tax assets, net

Long-term deferred tax assets
Long-term deferred tax liabilities

Deferred tax assets, net

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

8,915
2,028
1,604

12,547
(6,136)

6,411

(2,474)
(1,546)
(68)
(254)

(4,342)

7,275
2,123
3,188

12,586
(6,212)

6,374

(2,804)
(1,472)
(53)
(163)

(4,492)

$

2,069

$

1,882

December 31,

2014

2015

3,014
(945)

$

2,069

$

2,779
(897)

1,882

Long-term deferred tax assets are included within other long-term assets in the balance sheets. Long-term deferred tax liabilities are included 
within other long-term liabilities in the balance sheets.

F - 32

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 11: TAXES ON INCOME (Cont.)

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

The Company has provided valuation allowances in respect of certain deferred tax assets resulting from tax loss carry forwards and other 
reserves and allowances due to uncertainty concerning realization of these deferred tax assets.

f.

Income before taxes on income is comprised as follows:

Domestic (Israel)
Foreign

Year ended December 31,
2014

2013

2015

$

$

10,444
1,959

$

11,281
3,749

$

12,403

$

15,030

$

19,478
5,035

24,513

g.

A reconciliation between the theoretical tax expense, assuming all income is taxed at the statutory tax rate applicable to income for an Israeli 
company, and the actual tax expense as reported in the statements of income is as follows:

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

2013

Income before taxes on income, as reported in the statements of income $

12,403

$

15,030

$

24,513

Statutory tax rate in Israel

25%

26.5%

26.5%

Theoretical taxes on income
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:
Effect of different tax rates
Effect of “Approved, Beneficiary or Preferred Enterprise” status
Utilization of carry forward tax losses for which valuation allowance 

was provided

Non-deductible expenses
Recognition of deferred taxes during the year for which valuation 

allowance was provided in prior years

Losses and temporary differences for which valuation allowance was 

provided

Others

$

3,097

$

3,983

$

6,496

158
-

(1,162)
9

(971)

222
(542)

362
(2,323)

(1,177)
80

(1,496)

580
445

117
(2,406)

(195)
569

-

127
(495)

Taxes on income, as reported in the statements of income

$

811

$

454

$

4,213

Basic and diluted earnings per share amounts of the benefit resulting 
from the “Approved, Beneficiary or Preferred Enterprise” status

-

$

0.05

$

0.05

F - 33

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 11: TAXES ON INCOME (Cont.)

h.

Taxes on income are comprised as follows: 

Current
Deferred

Domestic (Israel)
Foreign

i.

Uncertain tax positions:

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

Year ended December 31,
2014

2013

2015

$

400
411

811

$

1,474
(1,020)

$

454

$

Year ended December 31,
2014

2013

2015

$

1,172
(361)

811

$

(443) $
897

454

$

2,627
1,586

4,213

2,684
1,529

4,213

$

$

$

$

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

Balance at the beginning of the year
Increase in tax positions
Decrease in tax positions
Acquisition of subsidiary (*)

Balance at the end of the year

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

$

652
190
(137)
-

705
570
(64)
154

705

$

1,365

(*) The amount initially consolidated as part of the acquisition of subsidiary in 2015 is net of Tax Deducted at Source assets in an amount of 
$635.

The entire balance of unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would reduce the Company's annual effective tax rate.

As of December 31, 2014 and 2015 accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions amounted to $198 and $422, respectively.

Part of the Company's Israeli subsidiaries received final tax assessments through the year 2011.

F - 34

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 12: EQUITY

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

a.

The common shares of the Company are traded on the NASDAQ and on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange.

Common  shares  confer  upon  their  holders  voting  rights,  the  right  to  receive  cash  dividends  and  the  right  to  share  in  excess  assets  upon 
liquidation of the Company.

On November 14, 2013 the Company completed a secondary public offering of its ordinary shares on the NASDAQ. The Company issued 
6,497,400 shares at a price of $ 6.25 per share before issuance expenses. Total net proceeds from the issuance amounted to $ 37,791.

b.

Stock option plans:

In  2011,  the  Company's  board  of  directors  approved  its  2011  Share  Incentive  Plan  (the  “2011  Plan”)  pursuant  to  which  the  Company's 
employees, directors, officers, consultants, advisors, suppliers, business partner, customer and any other person or entity whose services are 
considered  valuable  are  eligible  to  receive  awards  of  share  options,  restricted  shares,  restricted  share  units  and  other  share-based  awards. 
Options granted under the 2011 Plan may be exercised for a period of up to 6 years from the date of grant and become exercisable in four 
equal, annual installments, beginning with the first anniversary of the date of the grant, or pursuant to such other schedule as may provide in 
the option agreement.

The total number of Common Shares available under the 2011 Plan was set at 4,000,000. Upon the approval of the 2011 Plan, the board of 
directors determined that no further awards would be issued under the Company's previously existing share incentive plans.

As of December 31, 2015 140,444 common shares of the Company were available for future grant under the 2011 Plan. Any option granted 
under the 2011 Plan which are forfeited, cancelled, terminated or expired, will become available for future grant under the 2011 Plan.

In February 2016, our Board of Directors approved the reservation of an additional 4,000,000 Common Shares for issuance under the 2011 
Plan.

F - 35

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 12: EQUITY (Cont.)

A summary of the stock option activities in 2015 is as follows:

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

Outstanding at January 1, 2015
Granted
Exercised
Expired and forfeited

Outstanding at December 31, 2015

Exercisable at December 31, 2015

Year ended December 31, 2015
Weighted average
Weighted
remaining
average
contractual life
exercise
(in years)
price

Aggregate
intrinsic value

3.49
9.38
1.59
4.39

5.36

3.01

3.07 $

10,957

3.49

2.52 $

9,274

6,554

Amount of
options

2,796,081 $
673,408
(1,080,470)
(213,531)

2,175,488

1,002,286 $

In 2013, 2014 and 2015, the Company granted 595,000, 340,000 and 673,408 stock options to employees and directors, respectively.

The weighted average grant date fair values of the options granted during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 were $ 2.51, $ 
3.19 and $ 3.79, respectively.

The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at December 31, 2015 represents intrinsic value of 2,175,488 outstanding options that 
are in-the-money as of December 31, 2015. All outstanding options are in the money as of December 31, 2015.

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable at December 31, 2015 represents intrinsic value of 1,002,286 exercisable options that are 
in-the-money as of December 31, 2015. All exercisable options are in the money as of December 31, 2015.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 was $2,839, $7,446 and $10,294, 
respectively.

The options outstanding under the Company's stock option plans as of December 31, 2015 have been separated into ranges of exercise price 
as follows:

Ranges of
exercise price

Options
outstanding
as of
December 31,
2015

Weighted
Average
remaining
contractual
Term
(Years)

Weighted
average
exercise
price
$

Options
Exercisable
as of
December 31,
2015

Weighted
Average
Exercise
price of
Options
Exercisable
$

1.2-1.48
2.08-2.7
3.45-3.77
4.72-4.85
5.25-5.53
6.27-6.92
7.01-7.68
8.42
9.93-10.78

166,978
297,094
325,971
163,445
90,000
130,000
367,000
300,000
335,000

2,175,488

1.29
2.90
2.70
3.02
3.55
4.15
4.22
5.35
5.76

3.86

1.34
2.56
3.57
4.73
5.33
6.42
7.46
8.42
10.45

5.98

166,978
297,094
242,769
76,945
45,000
66,666
106,834
-
-

1,002,286

1.34
2.56
3.58
4.74
5.33
6.27
7.43
-
-

3.66

F - 36

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 12: EQUITY (Cont.)

c.

d.

As of December 31, 2015, there was $3,949 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested options, which is expected to be 
recognized over a period of up to four years.

During 2015, 29,500 of the 88,500 restricted shares of Sapiens Decision, the Company's majority-owned subsidiary that were granted to one 
of  the  former  shareholders  of  KPI  in  2014  (as  described  in  note  1(d))  vested,  thereby  reducing  the  Company's  percentage  ownership  of 
Sapiens  Decision  from  97%  to  95.7%.  During  2015,  Sapiens  Decision  issued  options  to  certain  of  its  employees  to  purchase  shares  of 
Sapiens Decision.

e.

Dividend:

On April 22, 2015, the Company's extraordinary general meeting of shareholders approved the distribution of cash dividend of $0.15 per 
common share for a total amount of $7,186 that was paid during June and July 2015.

NOTE 13: RELATED PARTIES TRANSACTIONS

Agreements with controlling shareholder and its affiliates:

The Company has in effect services agreements with certain companies that are affiliated with Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. (“Formula”), Sapiens' 
parent  company  (most  recently  since  December  23,  2014  and  thereafter),  pursuant  to  which  the  Company  has  received  services  amounting  to 
approximately $900, $1,100 and $2,600, in aggregate for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015. In addition, during the years ended 
December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, the Company purchased from those affiliated companies an aggregate of approximately $300, $200 and $1,100 
of  hardware  and  software.  Furthermore,  the  Company  paid  to  Formula  $19  in  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  in  respect  of  the  Company’s 
portion of the directors' fees payable to the Company’s Chairman of the Board, who serves as Chief Executive Officer of Formula.

On  August  18,  2015,  Sapiens  completed  the  acquisition  from  Asseco  Poland  S.A.  (“Asseco”)  of  all  issued  and  outstanding  shares  of  Insseco. 
Asseco is the ultimate parent company of Sapiens, through its holdings in Formula. Please see note 1(c) above for further information concerning 
this acquisition.

Under the share purchase agreement for that acquisition, Asseco committed to assign all customer contracts to Insseco that relate to the intellectual 
property that we acquired as part of the acquisition. In the event that Asseco cannot obtain the consent of any customer to the assignment of its 
contract to Insseco, Asseco will hold that customer's contract in trust for the benefit of Insseco. Under that arrangement, in 2015, Insseco invoiced 
Asseco in a back-to-back manner for all invoices issued by Asseco on Insseco's behalf to customers under those contracts that were not yet assigned 
by Asseco to Insseco.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, Asseco provided back office services to Insseco in an amount totaling approximately $1,700. During the 
years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, Asseco provided to the Company professional services in amount of approximately $900 and $200.

F - 37

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 13: RELATED PARTIES TRANSACTIONS (Cont.)

As  of  December  31,  2014  and  2015,  the  Company  had  trade  payables  balances  due  to  its  related  parties  in  amount  of  approximately  $400  and 
$2,700, respectively. In addition, as of December 31, 2015, the Company had trade receivables balances due from its related parties in amount of 
approximately $3,200.

NOTE 14:- BASIC AND DILUTED NET EARNINGS PER SHARE

Numerator:

Net income attributed to Sapiens shareholders
Adjustment to redeemable non-controlling interest

Net income used for earnings per share

Denominator (thousands):

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

2013

$

$

11,604
-

$

14,463
-

$

20,016
224

11,604

$

14,463

$

20,240

Denominator for basic earnings per share - weighted average number of common 

shares, net of treasury stock

Stock options and warrants

40,024
2,292

47,210
1,427

48,121
1,206

Denominator for diluted net earnings per share - adjusted weighted average number of 

shares

42,316

48,637

49,327

The  weighted  average  number  of  shares  related  to  outstanding  anti-dilutive  options  and  warrants  excluded  from  the  calculations  of  diluted  net 
earnings per share was 466,534, 599,287 and 582,570 for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

F - 38

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 15: GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

a.

b.

The  Company  operates  in  a  single  reportable  segment  as  a  provider  of  software  solutions.  See  Note  1  for  a  brief  description  of  the 
Company's business. The data below is presented in accordance with ASC 280, "Segment Reporting".

Geographic information:

The  following  table  sets  forth  revenues  by  country  based  on  the  billing  address  of  the  customer.  Other  than  as  shown  below,  no  other 
country accounted for more than 10% of the Company's revenues during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015.

1.

Revenues:

North America*
United Kingdom
Rest of Europe
Israel
Asia Pacific

Year ended December 31,
2014

2013

2015

$

$

$

44,237
31,115
24,862
23,009
12,154

$

49,585
34,961
28,351
28,821
15,732

61,332
42,580
32,897
28,315
20,512

135,377

$

157,450

$

185,636

* Revenue amounts for North America that are shown in the above table consist primarily of revenues from the United States, except for 
approximately $1,100, $558 and $471 of revenues derived from Canada in the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

2.

Property and equipment:

Israel
North America
Rest of the world

c.

Major customer data:

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

$

3,722
146
1,143

5,011

$

4,224
147
1,304

5,675

The following table sets forth revenues from major customers during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015.

Customer A

*) Less than 10%.

F - 39

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

*)

11%

12%

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 16: SELECTED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS DATA

a.

Research and development expenses:

Total costs
Less - capitalized software development costs

Research and development expenses

b.

Financial income, net:

Financial income:

Interest
Derivatives gains
Foreign currency translation

Financial expenses:
Derivatives losses
Foreign currency translation
Bank charges and other

$

$

$

SAPIENS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION N.V.

Year ended December 31,
2014

2013

2015

17,238
(5,392)

$

17,446
(6,094)

$

16,267
(6,032)

11,846

$

11,352

$

10,235

$

188
387
644

$

356
-
883

1,219

-
155
544

(699)

1,239

397
586
132

657
230
556

1,443

-
981
299

(1,115)

(1,280)

Financial income, net

$

520

$

124

$

163

- - - - - - - -

F - 40

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2015

U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS

INDEX

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Statements of Income

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Appendix to Consolidated Financial Statements - Details of Subsidiaries and Affiliate

- - - - - - - - - - - -

F-1 

Page

F-2 – F-4

F-5 - F-6

F-7

F-8

F-9

F-10 - F-12

F-13 - F-53

F-54

Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer

Tel: +972-3-6232525
Fax: +972-3-5622555
ey.com

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD. 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Magic Software Enterprises Ltd. ("the Company") and its subsidiaries as of December 
31, 2014 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 2015. These financial statements are the responsibility of Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on
these financial statements based on our audits. We did not audit the financial statements of certain subsidiaries, which statements reflect total assets of 4% and 2%
as of December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively, and total revenues of 14%, 11% and 6% for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively of
the related consolidated totals. Those statements were audited by other auditors whose reports have been furnished to us, and our opinion, insofar as it relates to
the amounts included for those subsidiaries, is based solely on the reports of the other auditors.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require 
that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles
used  and  significant  estimates  made  by  management,  as  well  as  evaluating  the  overall  financial  statement  presentation.  We  believe  that  our  audits  provide  a
reasonable basis for our opinion.

In  our  opinion,  based  on  our  audits  and  the  reports  of  the  other  auditors,  the  consolidated  financial  statements  referred  to  above  present  fairly,  in  all 
material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2014 and 2015, and the related consolidated results
of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles.

We  also  have  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United  States),  the  Company's  internal 
control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  December 31,  2015,  based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control-Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of 
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“the COSO criteria”) and our report dated April 27, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Tel-Aviv, Israel
April 27, 2016

/s/ Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer
KOST FORER GABBAY & KASIERER
A Member of Ernst & Young Global

F-2

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACOUNTING FIRM 

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD. 

We have audited Magic Software Enterprises Ltd. ("the Company") internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria 
established  in  Internal  Control-Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (2013  framework)
("the COSO criteria"). The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the
effectiveness  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  included  in  the  accompanying  Management's  Annual  Report  on  Internal  Control  over  Financial
Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require 
that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material
respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and
evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary
in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting 
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over
financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the
transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of
financial  statements  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles,  and  that  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  company  are  being  made  only  in
accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of
unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of 
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with
the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the 

COSO criteria.

F-3

We  have  also  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United  States),  the  consolidated  balance 
sheets  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  as  of  December 31,  2014  and  2015,  and  the  related  consolidated  statements  of  income,  comprehensive  income,
shareholders'  equity  and  cash  flows  for  each  of  the  three  years  in  the  period  ended  December  31,  2015  and  our  report  dated  April  27,  2016  expressed  an
unqualified opinion thereon.

Tel-Aviv, Israel
April 27, 2016

/s/ Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer
KOST FORER GABBAY & KASIERER
A Member of Ernst & Young Global

F-4

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
U.S. dollars in thousands

ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS:

Cash and cash equivalents
Short-term bank deposits
Available-for-sale marketable securities (Note 4)
Trade receivables (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $ 2,380 and $ 1,885 at December 31, 2014 and 

$

2015, respectively)

Other accounts receivable and prepaid expenses (Note 6)

Total current assets

LONG-TERM RECEIVABLES:

Severance pay fund
Long term deferred tax asset (Note 12)
Other long-term receivables

Total long-term receivables

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Note 7)

INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (Note 8)

GOODWILL (Note 9)

Total assets

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-5

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

December 31,

2014

2015

$

72,515
-
11,915

40,358
3,419

62,188
2,677
11,819

52,374
6,244

128,207

135,302

1,426
2,137
2,376

5,939

2,005

32,543

55,490

1,454
2,823
1,088

5,365

2,296

33,575

63,308

$

224,184

$

239,846

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Short term debt (Note 11)
Trade payables
Accrued expenses and other accounts payable (Note 10)
Deferred revenues

Total current liabilities

ACCRUED SEVERANCE PAY

LONG TERM LIABILITIES:
Long term debt (Note 11)
Liabilities due to acquisition activities and other (Note 3)
Long term deferred tax liability (Note 12)

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 16)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

2,853
3,861
15,013
3,431

25,158

2,562

490
474
4,846

5,810

13
6,331
17,921
4,092

28,357

2,616

3,257
1,039
5,726

10,022

REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST (Note 2)

2,930

5,745

EQUITY (Note 13):

Magic Software Enterprises  equity:
Share capital:

Ordinary shares of NIS 0.1 par value -

Authorized: 50,000,000 shares at December 31, 2014 and 2015; Issued and Outstanding: 44,174,217 and 
44,335,220 shares at December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively

Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Accumulated  earnings

Total equity attributable to Magic Software Enterprises shareholders
Non-controlling interests

Total  equity

1,029
182,114
(5,347)
7,269

185,065
2,659

187,724

Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest and equity

$

224,184

$

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

1,035
180,989
(6,695)
15,679

191,008
2,098

193,106

239,846

F-6

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)

Revenues (Note 18):

Software
Maintenance and technical support
Consulting services

Total revenues

Cost of revenues:

Software
Maintenance and technical support
Consulting services

Total cost of revenues

Gross profit

Operating costs and expenses:

Research and development, net (Note 15a)
Selling and marketing
General and administrative

Total operating costs and expenses

Operating income
Financial expense, net (Note 15b)
Other income (expense), net

Income before taxes on income
Taxes on income (Note 12)

Net income
Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests

Net income attributable to Magic Software Enterprises Shareholders

Net earnings per share attributable to Magic Software Enterprises' shareholders (Note 

17):

Basic earnings per share

Diluted earnings per share

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-7

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

$

23,254
22,685
99,019

144,958

$

25,351
22,780
116,173

164,304

6,648
2,949
76,296

85,893

59,065

3,706
23,066
13,166

39,938

19,127
(684)
(12)

18,431
1,575

16,856
546
430

7,646
2,921
89,160

99,727

64,577

4,750
24,580
14,521

43,851

20,726
(1,786)
(67)

18,873
2,307

16,566
425
621

15,880

$

15,520

$

21,598
22,908
131,524

176,030

7,836
2,466
102,919

113,221

62,809

4,888
23,062
13,425

41,375

21,434
(685)
8

20,757
3,681

17,076
639
239

16,198

0.43
0.43

$
$

0.36
0.36

$
$

0.37
0.36

$

$

$
$

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

Net income

$

16,856

$

16,566

$

17,076

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net
Unrealized gain from derivative instruments, net
Unrealized gain (loss) from available-for-sale securities

Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

Total comprehensive income

Comprehensive income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests

495
-
(35)

460

17,316

807
476

(5,469)
-
(259)

(5,728)

10,838

51
442

(1,513)
9
156

(1,348)

15,728

572
208

Comprehensive income attributable to Magic Software Enterprises' shareholders

$

16,033

$

10,345

$

14,948

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-8

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)

Balance as of January 1, 2013
Exercise of stock options
Stock-based compensation 

expenses

Dividend
Other comprehensive income
Net income

Balance as of December 31, 2013

Issuance of shares
Exercise of stock options
Stock-based compensation 

expenses

Dividend
Other comprehensive loss
Net income

Balance as of December 31, 2014

Issuance of shares
Exercise of stock options
Stock-based compensation 

expenses

Acquisition of non-controlling 

interests (Note 3)

Dividend
Other comprehensive loss
Net income

Number of
Shares

36,626,728
528,627

-
-
-
-

37,155,355
6,903,141
115,721

-
-
-
-

Share
capital
amount

811
15

-
-
-
-

826
201
2

-
-
-
-

44,174,217
-
161,003

1,029
-
6

-

-
-
-
-

-

-
-
-
-

125,288
1,447

325
-
-
-

127,060
54,525
202

327
-
-
-

182,114
(50)
413

220

(1,708)
-
-
-

Balance as of December 31, 2015

44,335,220

1,035

180,989

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-9

Attributable to the Company's shareholders
Accumulated
other 
comprehensive
income (loss)

Accumulated
earnings
(deficit)

Additional
paid-in
capital

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Non-
controlling
interests

Total
equity

575
-

-
(64)
46
430

987
-
-

1,230
-
(179)
621

2,659
-
-

14

(36)
(747)
(31)
239

118,361
1,462

325
(7,787)
460
16,310

129,131
54,726
204

1,557
(8,681)
(5,354)
16,141

187,724
(50)
419

234

(1,744)
(8,535)
(1,379)
16,437

2,098

193,106

(586)
-

-
-
414
-

(172)
-
-

-
-
(5,175)
-

(5,347)
-
-

-

-
-
(1,348)
-

(6,695)

(7,727)
-

-
(7,723)
-
15,880

430
-
-

-
(8,681)
-
15,520

7,269
-
-

-

-
(7,788)
-
16,198

15,679

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
U.S. dollars in thousands

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to

net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
Loss on sale of property and equipment
Stock-based compensation expenses
Amortization of marketable securities premium and accretion of discount
Decrease (increase) in trade receivables, net
Increase in other long term and short term accounts receivable and prepaid expenses
Increase (decrease) in trade payables
Decrease in accrued expenses and other accounts payable
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenues
Change in deferred and other income taxes, net

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

$

16,856

$

16,566

$

17,076

8,380
10
325
-
473
(397)
(700)
(1,589)
(1,765)
687

8,660
-
1,557
62
(9,378)
(23)
(342)
(303)
191
1,204

9,885
-
234
249
(8,756)
(1,669)
1,866
(196)
684
245

Net cash provided by operating activities

22,280

18,194

19,618

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-10

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
U.S. dollars in thousands

Cash flows from investing activities:

Capitalized software development costs
Purchase of property and equipment
Cash paid in conjunction with acquisitions, net of acquired cash
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
Proceeds from maturity of marketable securities
Proceeds from short-term bank deposits
Change in loans to employees and other deposits ,net
Investment in marketable securities and short-term bank deposits

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities:

Proceeds from exercise of options by employees
Issuance of Ordinary shares, net
Dividend paid
Dividend paid to non-controlling interests
Short-term credit, net
Purchase of non-controlling interest
Long term loan received
Repayment of long-term loans

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

(4,713)
(497)
(16,557)
60
-
-
-
-

(21,707)

1,462
-
(7,787)
-
(47)
(168)
3,307
(95)

(3,328)

145

(2,610)
37,744

(4,267)
(993)
(9,363)
-
596
-
(58)
(11,976)

(26,061)

204
54,726
(8,681)
-
2,974
-
-
(2,905)

46,318

(1,070)

37,381
35,134

(3,847)
(1,109)
(9,182)
-
-
2,654
5
(5,153)

(16,632)

419
-
(7,788)
(392)
(2,840)
(1,300)
-
(34)

(11,935)

(1,378)

(10,327)
72,515

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

$

35,134

$

72,515

$

62,188

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-11

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
U.S. dollars in thousands

Supplementary information on investing and financing activities not involving cash flows:

Non-cash activities:

Deferred acquisition payment

Contingent acquisition consideration

Dividend in Redeemable Non-controlling interest

Dividend in Non-controlling interest

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow activities:

Cash paid during the year for:

Income taxes

Interest

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-12

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

$

$

$

$

$

$

1,581

3,981

-

-

1,519

34

$

$

$

$

$

$

250

-

-

-

1,601

74

$

$

$

$

$

$

355

1,048

2,294

355

2,024

(95)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 1:- GENERAL

Magic Software Enterprises Ltd., an Israeli company, and its subsidiaries ("the Group") is a global provider of software platforms and professional 
services that accelerate the planning, development, deployment and integration of on-premise, mobile and cloud business applications ("the Magic 
technology"). Magic technology enables enterprises to accelerate the process of delivering business solutions that meet current and future needs and 
allow customers to dramatically improve their business performance and return on investment. To complement its software products and to increase 
its traction with customers, the Group also offers a complete portfolio of IT professional services in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, 
application  development,  technology  planning  and  implementation  services,  communications  services  and  solutions,  and  supplemental  IT 
professional  outsourcing  services.  The  Company  reports  its  results  on  the  basis  of  two  reportable  business  segments:  software  services  (which 
include proprietary and non-proprietary software solutions and related services) and IT professional services (see Note 18 for further details). The 
principal markets of the Group are United States, Europe, Israel and Japan (see Note 18).

For information about the Company's holdings in subsidiaries and affiliates, see Appendix A to the consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. 
GAAP"), applied on a consistent basis, as follows:

Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to 
make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company's management 
believes  that  the  estimates,  judgments  and  assumptions  used  are  reasonable  based  upon  information  available  at  the  time  they  are  made.  Actual 
results could differ from those estimates. The most significant assumptions are employed in estimates used in determining values of goodwill and 
identifiable  intangible  assets  and  their  subsequent  impairment  analysis,  revenue  recognition,  tax  assets  and  tax  positions,  legal  contingencies, 
research and development capitalization, contingent consideration related to acquisitions and stock-based compensation costs.

Financial statements in United States dollars

A  substantial  portion  of  the  revenues  and  expenses  of  the  Company  and  certain  of  its  subsidiaries  is  generated  in  U.S.  dollars  ("dollar").  The 
Company's  management  believes  that  the  dollar  is  the  currency  of  the  primary  economic  environment  in  which  the  Company  and  certain  of  its 
subsidiaries operate. Thus, the functional and reporting currency of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries is the dollar.

F-13

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Accordingly,  monetary  accounts  maintained  in  currencies  other  than  the  dollar  are  remeasured  into  dollars  in  accordance  with  the  Financial 
Accounting  Standards  Board  ("FASB)  Accounting  Standards  Codification  ("ASC")  830,  "Foreign  Currency  Matters".  All  transaction  gains  and 
losses  of  the  remeasurement  of  monetary  balance  sheet  items  are  reflected  in  the  statements  of  income  as  financial  income  or  expenses,  as 
appropriate.

For those foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the dollar, all balance sheet amounts have been translated using the exchange rates 
in effect at each balance sheet date. Statement of income amounts have been translated using the average exchange rate prevailing during each year. 
Such translation adjustments are reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) in equity.

Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions, including 
profit from intercompany sales not yet realized outside the Group, have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Changes in the parent's ownership interest in a subsidiary with no change of control are treated as equity transactions, with any difference between 
the amount of consideration paid and the change in the carrying amount of the non-controlling interest, recognized in equity.

Non-controlling interests of subsidiaries represent the non-controlling share of the total comprehensive income (loss) of the subsidiaries and fair 
value  of  the  net  assets  upon  the  acquisition  of  the  subsidiaries.  The  non-controlling  interests  are  presented  in  equity  separately  from  the  equity 
attributable  to  the  equity  holders  of  the  Company.  Redeemable  non-controlling  interests  are  classified  as  mezzanine  equity,  separate  from 
permanent equity, on the consolidated balance sheets and measured at each reporting period at the higher of their redemption amount or the Non 
controlling  interest  book  value,  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  ASC  810  "Consolidation"  and  ASC  480-10-S99-3A,  "Distinguishing 
Liabilities from Equity".

The following table provides a reconciliation of the redeemable non-controlling interests:

January 1, 2015
Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest
Increase in redeemable non-controlling interest as part of acquisitions
Decrease in redeemable non-controlling interest due to change in ownership in subsidiaries
Dividend in Redeemable Non-controlling interest
Foreign currency translation adjustments

December 31, 2015

F-14

$

$

2,930
639
4,159
378
(2,294)
(67)

5,745

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

Cash and cash equivalents

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Cash and cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash with original maturities of three months or 
less, at the date acquired.
Cash and cash equivalent includes amounts held primarily in NIS, U.S. dollars, Euro, Japanese Yen and British Pound.

Short-term deposits and restricted deposits

Short-term deposits include deposits with original maturities of more than three months and less than one year. Such deposits are presented at cost 
(including  accrued  interest)  which  approximates  their  fair  value.  Restricted  deposits  are  used  to  secure  certain  Group's  ongoing  projects  and  are 
classified under other receivables.

Marketable securities

The  Company  accounts  for  investments  in  marketable  securities  in  accordance  with  ASC  No.  320,  “Investments  – Debt  and  Equity  Securities”. 
Management  determines  the  appropriate  classification  of  its  investments  at  the  time  of  purchase  and  reevaluates  such  determinations  at  each 
balance sheet date. The Company classifies all of its marketable securities as available for sale. Available for sale securities are carried at fair value, 
with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in “accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” in equity. Realized gains and losses 
on sale of investments are included in “financial income, net” and are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of 
securities.
The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization together 
with interest on securities is included in “financial income, net”.

The Company recognizes an impairment charge when a decline in the fair value of its investments in debt securities below the cost basis of such 
securities  is  judged  to  be  other-than-temporary.  Factors  considered  in  making  such  a  determination  include  the  duration  and  severity  of  the 
impairment, the reason for the decline in value, the potential recovery period and the Company’s intent to sell, including whether it is more likely 
than  not  that  the  Company  will  be  required  to  sell  the  investment  before  recovery  of  cost  basis.  For  securities  that  are  deemed  other-than-
temporarily impaired, the amount of impairment is recognized in “net gain (impairment net of gains) on sale of marketable securities previously 
impaired” in the statements of income and is limited to the amount related to credit losses, while impairment related to other factors is recognized in 
other comprehensive income.

F-15

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

Property and equipment, net

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated by the straight-line method over the estimated 
useful lives of the assets, at the following annual rates:

Computers and peripheral equipment
Office furniture and equipment
Motor vehicles
Software
Leasehold improvements

Business combinations

Years

3
7 - 15 (mainly 7)
7
3 – 5 (mainly 5)
Over the shorter of the lease term or useful economic life

The  Company  accounts  for  business  combinations  under  ASC  805,  "Business  Combinations".  ASC  805  requires  recognition  of  assets  acquired, 
liabilities assumed, contingent consideration, non-controlling interest and redeemable non-controlling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date, 
measured  at  their  fair  values  as  of  that  date.  As  required  by  ASC  820,  "Fair  Value  Measurements  and  disclosures"  the  Company  applies 
assumptions  that  marketplace  participants  would  consider  in  determining  the  fair  value  of  assets  acquired,  liabilities  assumed,  non-controlling 
interest  and  redeemable  non-controlling  interest  in  the  acquiree  at  the  acquisition  date.  Any  excess  of  the  fair  value  of  net  assets  acquired  over 
purchase price and any subsequent changes in estimated contingencies are to be recorded in earnings. 

F-16

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

Research and development costs

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Research and development costs incurred in the process of software development before establishment of technological feasibility are charged to 
expenses as incurred. Costs incurred subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility are capitalized according to the principles set forth 
in ASC 985-20, "Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased or Marketed".

The Company and its subsidiaries establish technological feasibility upon completion of a detailed program design or working model.

Research and development costs incurred in the process of developing product enhancements are generally charged to expenses as incurred.

Capitalized software costs are amortized on a product by product basis by the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software 
product  (between  4-5  years).  The  Company  assesses  the  recoverability  of  these  intangible  assets  on  a  regular  basis  by  determining  whether  the 
amortization  of  the  asset  over  its  remaining  economical  useful  life  can  be  recovered  through  undiscounted  future  operating  cash  flows  from  the 
specific software product sold. During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, no such unrecoverable amounts were identified.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company long-lived, non-current assets are comprised mainly of goodwill, identifiable intangible assets and property, plants and equipment.

Impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets subject to amortization

The Company's long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC 360, "Property, Plant and Equipment" whenever events or 
changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying  amount  of  an  asset  may  not  be  recoverable.  Recoverability  of  assets  to  be  held  and  used  is 
measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If such 
assets  are  considered  to  be  impaired,  the  impairment  to  be  recognized  is  measured  by  the  amount  by  which  the  carrying  amount  of  the  assets 
exceeds the fair value of the assets.

As  required  by  ASC  820,  "Fair  Value  Measurements  and  disclosures"  the  Company  applies  assumptions  that  marketplace  participants  would 
consider in determining the fair value of long-lived assets (or asset groups).

F-17

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their economic useful life using a method of amortization that reflects the pattern in which the 
economic  benefits  of  the  intangible  assets  are  consumed  or  otherwise  used  up.  Distribution  rights,  acquired  technology  and  non-compete  were 
amortized on a straight line basis and customer relationships and backlog were amortized on an accelerated method basis over a period between 3.5 
- 15 years based on the intangible assets identified.

During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, no impairment indicators were identified.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. 
Under ASC 350,"Intangibles - Goodwill and Other", goodwill is subject to an annual impairment test or more frequently if impairment indicators 
are present. Goodwill impairment is deemed to exist if the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. As of December 31, 
2015, the Company operates in four reporting units within its operating segments.

Goodwill reflects the excess of the consideration paid or transferred plus the fair value of contingent consideration and any non-controlling interest 
in  the  acquiree  at  the  acquisition  date  over  the  fair  values  of  the  identifiable  net  assets  acquired.  The  goodwill  impairment  test  is  performed 
according to the following principles:
An initial qualitative assessment of the likelihood of impairment may be performed. If this step does not result in a more likely than not indication 
of impairment, no further impairment testing is required. If it does result in a more likely than not indication of impairment, the impairment test is 
performed.

In step one of the impairment test, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting units to the carrying value of net assets allocated to the 
reporting units. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the net assets allocated to that unit, goodwill is not impaired, and 
no  further  testing  is  required.  Otherwise,  the  Company  must  perform  the  second  step  of  the  impairment  test  to  measure  the  amount  of  the 
impairment.
In  the  second  step,  the  reporting  unit’s  fair  value  is  allocated  to  all  the  assets  and  liabilities  of  the  reporting  unit,  including  any  unrecognized 
intangible assets, in a hypothetical analysis that simulates the business combination principles to derive an implied goodwill value. If the implied 
fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is less than its carrying value, the difference is recorded as impairment.

The  Company  performed  an  annual  impairment  tests  as  of  December  31,  of  each  of  2013,  2014  and  2015  and  did  not  identify  any  impairment 
losses (see Note 9).

F-18

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

Revenue recognition

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The  Company  derives  its  revenues  from  licensing  the  rights  to  use  software  (proprietary  and  non-proprietary),  provision  of  related  professional 
services, maintenance and technical support as well as from other IT professional services. The Company sells its products and services primarily 
through its direct sales force and indirectly through distributors and value added resellers.

The  Company  accounts  for  its  software  sales  in  accordance  with  ASC  985-605,  "Software  Revenue  Recognition".  Software  license  revenue  is 
recognized  when  persuasive  evidence  of  an  arrangement  exists,  delivery  has  occurred,  the  vendor's  fee  is  fixed  or  determinable,  no  further 
obligation exists and collectability is probable.

Maintenance and support includes annual maintenance contracts providing for unspecified upgrades for new versions and enhancements on a when-
and-if-available basis for an annual fee. The right for an unspecified upgrade for new versions and enhancements on a when-and-if-available basis 
do not specify the features, functionality and release date of future product enhancements for the customer to know what will be made available and 
the general timeframe in which it will be delivered.

Maintenance and support revenue included in multiple element arrangements is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the 
maintenance and support agreement.

As required by ASC 985-605, the Company allocates revenues to the software component of its multiple-element arrangements using the residual 
method  when  vendor  specific  objective  evidence  ("VSOE")  of  fair  value  exists  for  the  undelivered  elements  of  the  support  and  maintenance 
agreements. VSOE is based on the price charged when an element is sold separately or renewed. Under the residual method, the fair value of the 
undelivered  elements  is  deferred  and  the  remaining  portion  of  the  arrangement  fee  is  allocated  to  the  delivered  elements  and  is  recognized  as 
revenue.

The Company generally does not grant a right of return to its customers. When a right of return exists, the Company defers revenue until the right 
of return expires, at which time revenue is recognized provided that all other revenue recognition criteria are met.

Revenue  from  professional  services  related  to  both  software  and  the  IT  professional  services  businesses  consists  of  billable  hours  for  services 
provided and is recognized as the services are rendered.

F-19

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Arrangements  that  include  professional  services  bundled  with  licensed  software  and  other  software  related  elements,  are  evaluated  to  determine 
whether  those  services  are  essential  to  the  functionality  of  other  elements  of  the  arrangement.  When  services  are  considered  essential  to  the 
software,  revenues  under  the  arrangement  are  recognized  using  contract  accounting  based  on  ASC  605-35,  "Construction-Type  and  Production-
Type Contracts", on a percentage of completion method based on inputs measures. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are 
made in the period in which such losses are first determined, in the amount of the estimated loss for the entire contract. During the years ended 
December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, no such estimated losses were identified.

When professional services are not considered essential to the functionality of other elements of the arrangement, revenue allocable to the services 
is  recognized  as  the  services  are  performed,  using  VSOE  of  fair  value.  In  most  cases,  the  Company  has  determined  that  the  services  are  not 
considered essential to the functionality of other elements of the arrangement.

Deferred revenue includes unearned amounts received under maintenance, support and services contracts, and amounts received from customers but 
not yet recognized as revenues.

Revenue from third-party sales is recorded at a gross or net amount according to certain indicators. The application of these indicators for gross and 
net reporting of revenue depends on the relative facts and circumstances of each sale and requires significant judgment.

Severance pay

The  Company's  and  its  Israeli  subsidiary's  obligation  for  severance  pay  with  respect  to  their  Israeli  employees  (for  the  period  for  which  the 
employees were not included under Section 14 of the Severance Pay Law, 1963) is calculated pursuant to the Israeli Severance Pay Law based on 
the most recent salary of the employees multiplied by the number of years of employment as of the balance sheet date, and are presented on an 
undiscounted basis (referred to as the "Shut Down Method"). Employees are entitled to one month's salary for each year of employment or a portion 
thereof.  The  Company's  obligation  for  all  of  its  Israeli  employees  is  fully  provided  for  by  monthly  deposits  with  insurance  policies  and  by  an 
accrual.

The Group has a number of savings plans in the United States that qualify under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. U.S employees may 
contribute up to 100% of their pretax salary, but not more than statutory limits. Matching contributions are discretionary and are up to 3% of the 
participants  contributions.   When  contributions  are  granted,  they  are  invested  in  proportion  to  each  participant's  voluntary  contributions  in  the 
investment options provided under the plan.

The carrying value of deposited funds includes profits (losses) accumulated up to the balance sheet date. The deposited funds may be withdrawn 
only  upon  the  fulfillment  of  the  obligations  pursuant  to  the  Israeli  Severance  Pay  Law  or  labor  agreements  and  are  recorded  as  an  asset  in  the 
Company's consolidated balance sheet.

F-20

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The Company and its Israeli subsidiaries’ agreements with most of their Israeli employees are in accordance with Section 14 of the Severance Pay 
Law -1963, mandating that upon termination of such employees' employment; all the amounts accrued in their insurance policies shall be released 
to them instead of severance compensation. Upon release of deposited amounts to the employee, no additional liability exists between the parties 
regarding the matter of severance pay and no additional payments shall be made by the Company or its subsidiaries to the employee. Further, the 
related obligation and amounts deposited on behalf of such obligation are not stated on the balance sheet, as the Company and its subsidiaries are is 
legally released from their obligations to employees once the deposit amounts have been paid.

Severance expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 amounted to approximately $ 1,371, $ 1,673 and $ 1,626, respectively.

Advertising expenses

Advertising expenses are charged to  selling and marketing expenses, as incurred. Advertising expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013, 
2014 and 2015 amounted to $ 306, $ 466 and $ 377, respectively.

Income taxes

The  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  account  for  income  taxes  in  accordance  with  ASC  740,  "Income  Taxes".  The  ASC  prescribes  the  use  of  the 
liability method whereby deferred tax asset and liability account balances are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax 
bases  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  are  measured  using  the  enacted  tax  rates  and  laws  that  will  be  in  effect  when  the  differences  are  expected  to 
reverse. The Company and its subsidiaries provide a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to their estimated realizable 
value. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current according to the expected reversal dates.

The Company utilizes a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions accounted for in accordance with an amendment 
of ASC 740 "Income Taxes." Under the first step the Company evaluates a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining 
if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that, based on its technical merits, the tax position will be sustained on 
audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is 
more  than  50%  likely  to  be  realized  upon  ultimate  settlement  with  the  tax  authorities.  The  Company  accrued  interest  and  penalties  related  to 
unrecognized tax benefits in its provisions for income taxes.

F-21

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

Basic and diluted net earnings per share

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Basic  net  earnings  per  share  are  computed  based  on  the  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares  outstanding  during  each  year.  Diluted  net 
earnings  per  share  are  computed  based  on  the  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares  outstanding  during  each  year, plus  dilutive  potential 
ordinary shares considered outstanding during the year, in accordance with ASC 260, "Earnings Per Share."

A portion of the outstanding stock options have been excluded from the calculation of the diluted earnings per share because such securities are 
anti-dilutive. The total weighted average number of  Ordinary shares related to  the outstanding options excluded from  the calculations  of diluted 
earnings per share was 536,877, 35,010 and 66,646 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Stock-based compensation

The  Company  accounts  for  stock-based  compensation  in  accordance  with  ASC  718,  "Compensation  -  Stock  Compensation"  which  requires 
companies to estimate the fair value of equity-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of 
the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service periods in the Company's consolidated statement 
of income.

The Company recognizes compensation expenses for the value of its awards, which have graded vesting based on the accelerated method over the 
requisite service period of each of the awards, net of estimated forfeitures.

The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for share-based awards based on estimated fair values on the date of grant using the 
Binomial  option-pricing  model  ("the  Binomial  model").  The  Binomial  model for  option pricing  requires  a  number of  assumptions,  of which the 
most  significant  are  the  suboptimal  exercise  factor  and  expected  stock  price  volatility.  The  suboptimal  exercise  factor  is  estimated  based  on 
employees' historical option exercise behavior.

The suboptimal exercise factor is the ratio by which the stock price must increase over the exercise price before employees are expected to exercise 
their stock options. Expected volatility is based upon actual historical stock price movements and was calculated as of the grant dates for different 
periods, since the Binomial model can be used for different expected volatilities for different periods. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield 
from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with an equivalent term to the contractual term of the options. Historically the Company did not hold any 
foreseeable plans to pay dividends and therefore used an expected dividend yield of zero in its past years option pricing models. In September 2012, 
the  Company  adopted  a  dividend  distribution  policy  according  to  which  it  will  distribute  in  each  year  a  dividend  of  up  to  50%  of  its  annual 
distributable profits.

F-22

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The expected term of options granted is derived from the output of the option valuation model and represents the period of time that options granted 
are expected to be outstanding. Estimated forfeitures are based on actual historical pre-vesting forfeitures.

For awards with performance conditions, compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period if it is 'probable' that the performance 
conditions will be satisfied, as defined in ASC 450-20-20, "Loss Contingencies."

The fair value for the Company's stock options granted to employees and directors was estimated using the following assumptions:

Dividend yield
Expected volatility
Risk-free interest rate
Expected forfeiture (employees)
Expected forfeiture (executives)
Contractual term of up to
Suboptimal exercise multiple (employees)
Suboptimal exercise multiple (executives)

2014

0%
32% - 59%
0.1% - 2.6%

-
-
10 years
-
2

During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to employee stock 
options in the amount of $ 325, $ 1,557 and $ 234, respectively, as follows:

Cost of revenue
Research and development
Selling and marketing
General and administrative

Total stock-based compensation expense

Concentrations of credit risk

Year ended December 31,
2014

2013

2015

$

$

$

11
67
85
162

$

30
29
220
1,278

325

$

1,557

$

31
48
137
18

234

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company and its subsidiaries to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash 
equivalents, short-term deposits, marketable securities, trade receivables and foreign currency derivative contracts.

F-23

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The Company's cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposits are invested primarily in deposits with major banks worldwide, mainly in the 
United States and Israel, however, such cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposits in the United States may be in excess of insured limits 
and are not insured in other jurisdictions. The Company believes that such institutions are of high rating and therefore bear low risk.

The  Company's  marketable  securities  include  investments  in  commercial  and  government  bonds  and  foreign  banks.  The  Company's  marketable 
securities are considered to be highly liquid and have a high credit standing. In addition, management considered its portfolios in foreign banks to 
be well-diversified (also refer to Note 4).

Trade receivables of the Company and its subsidiaries are derived from sales to customers located primarily in the United States, Europe, Israel and 
Japan. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and excluding 2013 to date has not experienced any material losses. An 
allowance for doubtful accounts is determined with respect to those amounts that the Company has determined to be doubtful of collection. The 
expense related to doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 was $ 1,285, $ 735 and $ 346, respectively.

From time to time the Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts intended to protect against the changes in value of forecasted non-
dollar  currency  cash  flows  related  to  salary  and  related  expenses.  These  derivative  instruments  are  designed  to  offset  the  Company's  non-dollar 
currency exposure (see "Derivative instruments" below).

Fair value measurements

The Company accounts for certain assets and liabilities at fair value under ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures". Fair value is an 
exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market 
participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use 
in pricing an asset or a liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, ASC 820 establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the 
inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:

Level 1 -

Level 2 -

Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets;

Includes other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, 
such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities 
in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions, or other inputs that are observable (model-derived valuations in 
which significant inputs are observable), or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data;

F-24

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Level 3 -

Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity;

The  fair  value  hierarchy  also  requires  an  entity  to  maximize  the  use  of  observable  inputs  and  minimize  the  use  of  unobservable  inputs  when 
measuring fair value. The Company categorized each of its fair value measurements in one of these three levels of hierarchy. Assets and liabilities 
measured at fair value on a recurring basis are comprised of marketable securities, foreign currency forward contracts and contingent consideration 
of acquisitions (see Note 5).

The  carrying  amounts  reported  in  the  balance  sheet  for  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  short  term  bank  deposits,  trade  receivables,  other  accounts 
receivable, short-term bank credit, trade payables and other accounts payable approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of such 
instruments.

Comprehensive income (loss)

The  Company  accounts  for  comprehensive  income  (loss)  in  accordance  with  ASC  220,  "Comprehensive  Income."  This  Statement  establishes 
standards  for  the  reporting  and  display  of  comprehensive  income  and  its  components  in  a  full  set  of  general  purpose  financial  statements. 
Comprehensive  income  (loss)  generally  represents  all  changes  in  equity  during  the  period  except  those  resulting  from  investments  by,  or 
distributions  to,  shareholders.  The  Company  determined  that  its  items  of  other  comprehensive  income  (loss)  relate  to  gain  and  loss  on  foreign 
currency translation adjustments, unrealized gain and loss on derivative instruments designated as hedges and unrealized gain and loss on available-
for-sale marketable securities.

Derivative instruments

A  material  portion  of  the  Company's  revenues,  expenses  and  earnings  is  exposed  to  changes  in  foreign  exchange  rates.  Depending  on  market 
conditions, foreign exchange risk is also managed through the use of derivative financial instruments. These financial instruments serve to protect 
net income against the impact of the translation into U.S. dollars of certain foreign exchange-denominated transactions. The derivative instruments 
hedge or offset exposures to Euro, Japanese Yen and NIS exchange rate fluctuations.

ASC  815,  "Derivatives  and  Hedging,"  requires  companies  to  recognize  all  of  their  derivative  instruments  as  either  assets  or  liabilities  in  their 
balance sheet at fair value. Derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedges of forecasted transactions (i.e., cash flow hedges) are 
carried at fair value with the effective portion of a derivative's gain or loss recorded in other comprehensive income and subsequently recognized in 
earnings  in  the  same  period  or  periods  in  which  the  hedged  forecasted  transaction  affects  earnings.  For  derivative  instruments  that  are  not 
designated  and  qualified  as  hedging  instruments,  the  gains  or  losses  on  the  derivative  instruments  are  recognized  in  current  earnings  during  the 
period of the change in fair values.

The derivative instruments used by the Company are designed to reduce the market risk associated with the exposure of its underlying transactions 
to fluctuations in currency exchange rates.

F-25

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The  Company  has  instituted  a  foreign  currency  cash  flow  hedging  program  in  order  to  hedge  against  the  risk  of  overall  changes  in  future  cash 
flows.  The  Company  hedges  portions  of  its  forecasted  expenses  denominated  in  NIS  with  currency  forwards  contracts  and  put  and  call  options. 
These forward and option contracts are designated as cash flow hedges.

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge (i.e., hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash 
flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of 
other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The 
remaining gain or loss on the derivative instrument in excess of the cumulative change in the present value of future cash flows of the hedged item, 
if any, is recognized in current earnings during the period of change.

For derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments, the gain or loss is recognized in current earnings during the period of change.

The notional principal of foreign exchange contracts to purchase NIS with U.S. dollars was $ 1,736 as of December 31, 2014.

At December 31, 2015, the Company did not have any cash flow hedges.

The following tables present fair value amounts and gains and losses of derivative instruments and related hedged items:

Fair values of derivative instruments
Assets

Balance
sheet item

December 31,

2014

2015

Assets

Derivatives not designated as hedging

"Other accounts receivable and prepaid 

Total derivatives

expenses"

F-26

$

$

9

9

$

$

-

-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

Derivatives not designated as hedging:
Foreign exchange forward contracts

Total derivatives

Reclassification

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Statements
of
income item

Gain
recognized in the
statements of income
Year ended December 31,
2014

2013

2015

"Financial 

expenses, net"

139

$

139

$

24

24

$

69

69

Certain amounts in prior years' financial statements have been reclassified to conform with the current year's presentation. The reclassification had 
no effect on previously reported net income, equity or cash flow.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncement:

In  February  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-02,  “Leases” (Topic  842),  whereby,  lessees  will  be  required  to  recognize  for  all  leases  at  the 
commencement date a lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; 
and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under 
the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. A modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, 
the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements must be applied. The modified retrospective approach would 
not  require  any  transition  accounting  for  leases  that  expired  before  the  earliest  comparative  period  presented.  Companies  may  not  apply  a  full 
retrospective transition approach. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early application is 
permitted. The company is evaluating the potential impact of this pronouncement.

In November 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-17 (ASU 2015-17) Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which 
requires that deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities be classified as noncurrent in the balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 is effective for the interim 
and  annual  periods  ending  after  December  15,  2016.  Early  adoption  is  permitted,  and  the  Company  adopted  the  provisions  of  ASU  2015-17 
retrospectively as of December 31, 2015. As a result of the retrospective application, the Company reclassified on the consolidated balance sheets 
as of December 31, 2014 an amount of $ 554 of deferred tax assets from the current assets to the long-term assets as part of the Long term deferred 
tax asset and amount of $ 760 of deferred tax liabilities from the current liabilities to the long-term liabilities as part of the Long term deferred tax 
liability.

F-27

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 2:-

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

On May 28, 2014, the FASB completed its Revenue Recognition project by issuing ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers 
(Topic 606). The new guidance establishes the principles to report useful information to users of financial statements about the nature, timing, and 
uncertainty of revenue from contracts with customers. The new Revenue Recognition guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning 
after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period, though early adoption is permitted for annual reporting periods 
beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the method of adoption, as well as the effect that adoption of this ASU 
will have on its consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3:-

BUSINESS COMBINATION, SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTION AND SALE OF BUSINESS 

a.

In  July  2012,  the  Company  acquired  an  80%  interest  in  Comm-IT  Group,  (including  "Comm-IT  Technology  Solutions"  and  "Comm-IT 
Software"),  a  software  and  systems  development  house  that  specializes  in  providing  advanced  IT  and  communications  services  and 
solutions,  for  a  total  consideration  of  $ 8,933,  of  which  $ 4,990  was  paid  upon  closing  and  the  remaining  $  3,943  was  paid  during  the 
following two years, of which, $ 1,192 were contingent upon the acquired business meeting certain operational targets in 2012 and 2013, 
and $ 2,751 in deferred payments. The Purchaser and the seller hold mutual Call and Put options respectively for the remaining 20% interest 
in the group. As a result of the Put option, the Company recorded redeemable non-controlling interest in the amount of $ 1,750. As of March 
2014, the Company paid the sellers all the remaining deferred and contingent payments.

The  Company  believes  that  the  acquisition  of  this  business  will  enable  it  to  expand  its  professional  services  offering  and  leverage  its 
relationships with top tier customers. Acquisition related costs were immaterial.

In accordance with ASC 805-30-35-1, the Company re-measures the contingent consideration based on the fair value at each reporting date 
until the contingency is resolved or the payment is made, while the changes in fair value are recognized in earnings in the financial expenses 
using  the  interest  method  over  the  period.  The  contingent  payment  was  recorded  at  present  value  and  was  amortized  using  the  interest 
method during the relevant period into financial expenses.

The acquisition was accounted for by the purchase method. The results of operations were included in the consolidated financial statements 
of the Company commencing July 1, 2012.

On  May  2013  the  company  finalized  the  process  of  identifying  the  tangible  and  intangible  assets  for  its  acquisition.  The  following  table 
summarizes the fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired:

F-28

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 3:-

BUSINESS COMBINATION, SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTION AND SALE OF BUSINESS (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Net assets
Non-controlling interest
Intangible assets
Goodwill
Deferred tax liability, net

Net assets acquired

As reported
on December
31, 2012

Adjustment

Modified

$

$

$

1,219
(1,880)
3,873
5,809
-

$

14
130
397
439
(1,068)

1,233
(1,750)
4,270
6,248
(1,068)

9,021

$

(88) $

8,933

b.

On  February  26,  2013,  the  Company  purchased Pilat  Europe  Limited  Ltd.  and  Pilat  (North  America)  Inc.  which  provides  custom  human 
capital  management  solutions,  for  a  total  consideration  of  $ 1,233.  The  Company  believes  the  acquisition  will  broaden  its  application 
product portfolio, customer base and strengthen its presence in numerous global markets. Acquisition related costs were immaterial.

The  acquisition  was  accounted  for  by  the  purchase  method.  The  results  of  operations  of  these  entities  were  included  in  the  consolidated 
financial statements of the Company commencing March 1, 2013.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities at the date of acquisition:

Net assets
Intangible assets

Total assets acquired

$

$

490
715

1,205

c.

On May 16, 2013, the Company purchased Valinor Ltd, a consulting company specializing in project and product consultation, installation 
and implementation of databases for a total consideration of $ 1,618, of which $ 339 was paid upon closing, $ 339 was paid in November 
2013, $340 paid on May 25, 2014, and $ 600 was contingently payable upon the business meeting certain operational targets in 2013 and 
2014. The amounts related to operational targets of 2013 and 2014 were paid in September 2014 and April 2015, respectively. On December 
2013 the company increased the total consideration according to 2013 results by $230 recorded in the Company’s statement of operations. 
The Company believes the acquisition will broaden its professional service offering to its existing and new customers in the fields of projects 
and product consultation and installation and implementation of databases. Acquisition related costs were immaterial.

F-29

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 3:-

BUSINESS COMBINATION, SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTION AND SALE OF BUSINESS (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The acquisition was accounted for by the purchase method.
The  results  of  operations  of  these  entities  were  included  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  Company  commencing  May  15, 
2013.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities at the date of acquisition:

Net assets
Intangible assets
Goodwill

Total assets acquired

$

$

119
464
1,035

1,618

d.

On May 30, 2013, the Company purchased Dario Solutions IT Ltd, a consulting company specializing in integration services of Microsoft 
products in enterprise IT environments for a total consideration of $ 3,723, of which $ 1,100 was paid upon closing, $ 906 was to be paid by 
February 28, 2014 and the remaining $ 1,717 was contingently payable upon the business meeting certain operational targets in 2013, 2014 
and 2015. The amount related to operational targets of 2013 was paid in September 2014. On September 2014 the company decreased the 
total consideration according to 2014 results by $997 recorded in the Company’s statement of operations and has concluded all amounts due 
to the seller. The company believes the acquisition will complement the company’s’ professional services offering to its existing and new 
customers in the field of software integration and advanced on target IT solutions for large and mid- range customers. Acquisition related 
costs were immaterial.

The acquisition was accounted for by the purchase method.

The results of operations of these entities were included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company commencing June 1, 2013.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities at the date of acquisition:

Net Assets
Intangible assets
Goodwill

Total assets acquired

$

$

371
707
2,645

3,723

F-30

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 3:-

BUSINESS COMBINATION, SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTION AND SALE OF BUSINESS (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

e.

f.

On  November  11,  2013  the  Company  acquired  the  operations  of  Allstates  Technical  Services,  LLC,  a  US-based  full-service  provider  of 
consulting and outsourcing services for IT, Engineering and Telecom personnel, for a total consideration of $10,963. The company believes 
the acquisition will broadens its existing US footprint and adds leading Fortune 500 companies to its customer base, making an important 
contribution  to  its  growth  strategy  in  the  IT  professional  services  operating  segment.  The  results  of  operations  were  included  in  the 
consolidated financial statements of the Company commencing November 11, 2013.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities at the date of acquisition:

Net Assets
Intangible assets
Goodwill

Total assets acquired

$

$

3,063
2,874
5,026

10,963

On October 1, 2014 the Company acquired the operations Formula Telecom Solutions Ltd. (FTS), an Israel-based software vendor, for a 
total consideration of $5,800. FTS specializes in the development, sale, service and support of Business Support Systems (BSS), including 
convergent  charging,  billing,  customer  management,  policy  control  and  payment  software  solutions  for  the  telecommunications.  The 
Company believes the acquisition will broaden its professional service offering to its existing and new customers in the fields of Business 
Support  Systems,  including  convergent  charging,  billing,  customer  management  and  policy  control.  Acquisition  related  costs  were 
immaterial. The acquisition was accounted for by the purchase method.
The results of operations were included in the consolidated financial statements of the
Company commencing October 1, 2014.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities at the date of acquisition:

Net Assets
Intangible assets
Goodwill

Total assets acquired

$

$

(57)
2,951
2,906

5,800

F-31

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 3:-

BUSINESS COMBINATION, SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTION AND SALE OF BUSINESS (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

g. On  April  14,  2015  the  Company  acquired  a  70%  interest  in  Comblack  IT  Ltd.,  an  Israeli-based  company  that  specializes  in  software 
professional and outsource management services for mainframes and complex large-scale environments, for a total consideration of $1,812, of 
which  $ 1,523  was  paid  upon  closing  and  $ 289  is  contingent  upon  the  acquired  business  meeting  certain  operational  targets  in  2015.  The 
Purchaser and the seller hold mutual Call and Put options respectively for the remaining 30% interest in the company. As a result of the Put 
option,  the  Company  recorded  redeemable  non-controlling  interest  in  the  amount  of  $ 1,100.  The  Company  believes  the  acquisition  will 
broaden  its  professional  service  offering  to  its  existing  and  new  customers.  Acquisition  related  costs  were  immaterial.  The  acquisition  was 
accounted  for  by  the  purchase  method.  The  results  of  operations  were  included  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  Company 
commencing  April  1,  2015.  In  March  2016,  the  Company  paid  the  seller  the  remaining  contingent  payments  for  meeting  2015  operational 
targets.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities at the date of acquisition:

Net Assets, excluding cash acquired
Non-controlling interest
Intangible assets
Goodwill

Total assets acquired net of acquired cash

$

$

(405)
(1,100)
1,305
2,012

1,812

h. On June 30, 2015 the Company acquired a 70% interest in Infinigy Solutions LLC, a US-based services company focused on expanding the 
development  and  implementation  of  technical  solutions  throughout  the  telecommunications  industry  with  offices  over  the  US,  providing 
nationwide coverage and support for wireless engineering, deployment services, surveying, environmental service and project management, for 
a total consideration of $6,360, of which $ 5,600 was paid upon closing and $ 760 is contingent upon the acquired business meeting certain 
operational targets in 2016 and 2017. The Purchaser and the seller hold mutual Call and Put options respectively for the remaining 30% interest 
in  the  company.  As  a  result  of  the  Put  option,  the  Company  recorded  redeemable  non-controlling  interest  in  the  amount  of  $ 3,273.  The 
Company  believes  the  acquisition  will  broaden  its  professional  service  offering  to  its  existing  and  new  customers  in  the  fields  of 
telecommunications industry. Acquisition related costs were immaterial. The acquisition was accounted for by the purchase method.

The results of operations were included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company commencing July 1, 2015.

F-32

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 3:-

BUSINESS COMBINATION, SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTION AND SALE OF BUSINESS (Cont.)

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities at the date of acquisition:

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Net Assets, excluding cash acquired
Non-controlling interest
Intangible assets
Goodwill

Total assets acquired net of acquired cash

$

$

1,182
(3,273)
3,652
4,799

6,360

i.

In  addition,  the  Company  acquired  additional  activities  during  the  years  ended  December  31,  2014  and  2015,  whose  influence  on  the 
financial  statements  of  the  Company  was  immaterial,  for  a  total  consideration  of  $ 700  and  $  1,892,  respectively  and  increased  its  share 
interest in Complete business solutions from 96.3% to 100% and in Comm IT Embedded Ltd. from 50.1% to 75%, for a total consideration 
of $ 244 and $ 1,412 of which $ 356 were paid in January 2016.

NOTE 4:- MARKETABLE SECURITIES

The Group invests in marketable debt and equity securities, which are classified as available-for-sale. The following is a summary of marketable 
securities:

2014

2015

December 31,

Amortized
cost

Unrealized
losses

Unrealized
gains

Market
value

Amortized
cost

Unrealized
losses

Unrealized
gains

Market
value

Available-for-sale:

Corporate bonds

$

11,916

$

(232)

$

-

$

11,684

$

11,666

$

(82)

$

-

$

11,584

Equity funds

116

-

115

231

118

-

117

235

Total available-for-
sale marketable 
securities

$

12,032

$

(232)

$

115

$

11,915

$

11,784

$

(82)

$

117

$

11,819

Marketable securities with contractual maturities from one to three years are as follows:

Due between one to three years

$

9,201

$

-

$

(44) $

9,157

Amortized
cost

Unrealized gains 
(losses)

Gains

Losses

Market
value

F-33

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 4:- MARKETABLE SECURITIES (Cont.)

Marketable securities with contractual maturities from three to five years are as follows:

Amortized
cost

Unrealized gains
(losses)

Gains

Losses

Market
value

Due between three to five years

$

2,465

$

-

$

(38) $

2,427

The following is the change in the other comprehensive income of available-for-sale securities during 2014:

Other comprehensive income from available-for-sale securities as of January 1, 2014

Unrealized loss from available-for-sale securities

Other comprehensive loss from available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2014

The following is the change in the other comprehensive income of available-for-sale securities during 2015:

Other comprehensive loss from available-for-sale securities as of January 1, 2015

Unrealized gains from available-for-sale securities

Other comprehensive income from available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2015

F-34

Other
comprehensive
income

138

(259)

(121)

Other
comprehensive
income

(121)

156

35

$

$

$

$

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 5:-

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

In accordance with ASC 820, the Company measures its investment in marketable securities and foreign currency derivative contracts at fair value. 
Generally marketable securities are classified within Level 1, this is because these assets are valued using quoted prices in active markets. Foreign 
currency derivative contracts and certain corporate bonds are classified within Level 2 as the valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and market 
observable data of similar instruments.

Contingent consideration is classified within Level 3. The Company values the Level 3 contingent consideration using discounted cash flow of the 
expected future payments, whose inputs include interest rate.

The Company's financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding accrued interest components, consisted of the following types 
of instruments as of the following dates:

Assets:

Corporate bonds
Equity fund

Total financial assets

Liabilities:

Contingent consideration

Total financials liabilities

Assets:

Corporate bonds
Equity fund

Total financial assets

Liabilities:

Contingent consideration

Total financials liabilities

December 31, 2014
Fair value measurements using input type

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

$

-
231

11,684
-

$

231

$

11,684

$

-

-

$

$

-

-

$

$

-
-

-

382

382

December 31, 2015
Fair value measurements using input type

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

$

-
235

11,584
-

$

235

$

11,584

$

-

-

$

$

-

-

$

$

-
-

-

1,220

1,220

F-35

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

11,684
231

11,915

382

382

Total

11,584
235

11,819

1,220

1,220

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 5:-

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Cont.)

Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

Opening balance
Increase in contingent consideration
Payment of contingent consideration
Change in fair value of contingent consideration
Amortization of interest and exchange rate

Closing balance

NOTE 6:- OTHER ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND PREPAID EXPENSES

Prepaid expenses
Government authorities
Restricted deposits
Related parties
Other

NOTE 7:-

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Cost:

Leasehold improvements
Computers and peripheral equipment
Office furniture and equipment
Motor vehicles
Software

Accumulated depreciation:

Leasehold improvements
Computers and peripheral equipment
Office furniture and equipment
Motor vehicles
Software

$

$

$

$

$

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

December 31,

2014

2015

$

3,981
250
(3,053)
(948)
152

382

$

December 31,

2014

2015

$

1,159
1,081
149
447
583

3,419

$

382
1,048
(166)
3
(47)

1,220

2,132
2,317
-
1,022
773

6,244

December 31,

2014

2015

$

523
12,942
2,620
177
3,478

19,740

175
12,426
1,985
133
3,016

17,735

816
13,505
2,917
255
2,851

20,344

379
13,040
2,063
140
2,426

18,048

2,296

Depreciated cost

$

2,005

$

F-36

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 7:-

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT (Cont.)

Depreciation expenses amounted to $ 656, $ 675 and $ 792 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

NOTE 8:-

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

a.

Intangible assets:

December 31,

2014

2015

Original amounts:

Capitalized software costs
Customer relationships
Backlog and non-compete agreement
Acquired technology

Accumulated amortization:

Capitalized software costs
Customer relationships
Backlog and non-compete agreement
Acquired technology

$

$

63,260
26,618
1,623
4,862

96,363

49,072
12,817
1,142
789

63,820

Intangible assets, net

$

32,543

$

67,106
31,936
2,371
5,075

106,488

53,096
16,336
2,039
1,442

72,913

33,575

b.

c.

Amortization expenses amounted to $ 7,724, $ 7,919 and $ 9,093 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

The estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets as of December 31, 2015 is as follows:

2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021 and thereafter

$

9,699
7,820
6,075
4,405
3,213
2,363

$

33,575

F-37

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 9:- GOODWILL

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 according to the Company's reporting units are as 
follows (see also 16):

As of January 1, 2014

$

28,495

$

26,818

$

55,313

IT
professional
services

Software
services

Total

Business combination
Classifications
Foreign currency translation adjustments

As of December 31, 2014

Business combination
Classifications
Foreign currency translation adjustments

-
-
(1,906)

26,589

7,594
-
(33)

3,664
(496)
(1,085)

28,901

492
(90)
(145)

3,664
(496)
(2,991)

55,490

8,086
(90)
(178)

As of December 31, 2015

$

34,150

$

29,158

$

63,308

The  Company  performed  an  annual  impairment  tests  as  of  December  31,  of  each  of  2013,  2014  and  2015  and  did  not  identify  any  impairment 
losses (see Note 2).

NOTE 10:- ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

Employees and payroll accruals
Accrued expenses
Deferred and contingent payments related to acquisitions
Government authorities
Other

F-38

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

$

7,243
5,191
170
1,395
1,014

8,105
4,204
1,211
2,978
1,423

15,013

$

17,921

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 11:- LONG TERM DEBT

Loan from banks and other in NIS
Dividend in Redeemable Non-controlling interest

Other long term debt

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Interest rate as
of 
December 31,
2015

%
5% $

December 31,

2014

2015

$

481
-

8

$

490

$

787
2,294

176

3,257

(1)

On November 2013, the Company entered into a credit line agreement with a U.S. bank, under which the bank provides the Company with a 
credit line of $ 3,000 for a period of three years. As of December 31, 2014, the Company had drawn down an amount of approximately $ 
2,853 from the credit line, which is subject to interest equal to the Prime Rate in effect from time to time, plus 3% per annum; provided that 
the interest rate in effect on any day shall not be less than 6.0% per annum. In relation to this credit line, the Company is obliged by the bank 
to comply with certain financial covenants, as defined in the  agreement. As of December 31, 2014, the Company was in full compliance 
with the financial covenants. During January 2015 the company fully repaid the credit line.

NOTE 12:- TAXES ON INCOME

a.

Israeli taxation:

1.

Corporate tax rate in Israel:

Taxable income of Israeli companies is subject to tax at the rate of 25% in 2013, 26.5% in 2014 and 26.5% in 2015.

On January 4, 2016, the Israeli Parliament's Plenum approved by a second and third reading the Bill for Amending the Income Tax 
Ordinance (No. 217) (Reduction of Corporate Tax Rate), 2015, which consists of the reduction of the corporate tax rate from 26.5% 
to  25%.  The  Company  estimates  that  the  effect  of  the  change  in  tax  rates  will  result  in  a  decrease  in  deferred  tax  balances  as  of 
December 31, 2015 in immaterial amounts.

2.

Tax benefits under the Israeli Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959 ("the Law"):

F-39

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 12:- TAXES ON INCOME (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Effective January 1, 2011, the Knesset enacted the Law for Economic Policy for 2011 and 2012 (Amended Legislation), and among 
other things, amended the Law, ("the Amendment"). According to the Amendment, the benefit tracks in the Investment Law were 
modified and a flat tax rate of 16% applies to the Company's entire preferred income. The profits of these “Industrial Companies”
will be freely distributable as dividends, subject to a withholding tax of 25% (on distribution commencing January 1, 2015) or lower, 
under an applicable tax treaty.

The  Company  and  one  of  its  Israeli  subsidiaries  have  elected  to  apply  the  new  incentives  regime  under  the  Amendment  to  their 
industrial activity in Israel, subject to meeting its requirements, starting in 2014.

The Company's Israeli entities have received final tax assessments for their Israeli tax return filings through the year 2011.

Tax benefits under the Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 1969:

3.

4.

The Company qualifies as an Industrial Company within the meaning of the Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 1969 
(the  "Industrial  Encouragement  Law").  The  Industrial  Encouragement  Law  defines  an  "Industrial  Company"  as  a  company  that  is 
resident  in Israel  and  that  derives at least 90%  of its  income in  any tax  year, other  than  income  from  defense loans, capital gains, 
interest  and  dividends,  from  an  enterprise  whose  major  activity  in  a  given  tax  year  is  industrial  production.  Under  the  Industrial 
Encouragement  Law,  the  Company  is  entitled  to  amortization  of  the  cost  of  purchased  know-how  and  patents  over  an  eight-year 
period for tax purposes as well as accelerated depreciation rates on equipment and buildings.

Eligibility for the benefits under the Industrial Encouragement Law is not subject to receipt of prior approval from any governmental 
authority.

5.

Foreign Exchange Regulations:

Under  the  Foreign  Exchange  Regulations,  some  of  the  Company's  Israeli  subsidiaries  calculate  their  tax  liability  in  U.S.  Dollars 
according to certain orders. The tax liability, as calculated in U.S. Dollars is translated into NIS according to the exchange rate as of 
December 31 of each year.

b.

Non-Israeli subsidiaries:

Non-Israeli subsidiaries are taxed according to the tax laws in their respective domiciles of residence. If earnings are distributed to Israel in 
the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company may be subject to additional Israeli income taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign tax 
credits) and foreign withholding tax rates.

F-40

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 12:- TAXES ON INCOME (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The  amount  of  the  Company  cash  and  cash  equivalents  that  are  currently  held  outside  of  Israel  that  would  be  subject  to  income  taxes  if 
distributed  as  dividends  is  $  17,521.  However,  a  determination  of  the  amount  of  the  unrecognized  deferred  tax  liability  for  temporary 
difference related to those undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries is not practicable due to the complexity of the structure of our group 
of subsidiaries for tax purposes and the difficulty of projecting the amount of future tax liability.

c.

Net operating loss carryforwards:

As of December 31, 2015, certain Israeli subsidiaries of the Company had operating loss carryforwards of $ 14,084, which can be carried 
forward and offset against taxable income in the future for an indefinite period.

The Company's subsidiaries in Europe had  estimated total available tax loss carryforwards of $ 4,673 as of December 31, 2015, to offset 
against future taxable income.

The Company's subsidiaries in the U.S. had estimated total available tax loss carryforwards of $ 255 as of December 31, 2015, which can be 
carried forward and offset against taxable income for a period of up to 20 years, from the year the loss was incurred.

Utilization of U.S. net operating losses may be subject to substantial annual limitations due to the "change in ownership" provisions ("annual 
limitations") of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and similar state provisions. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of net 
operating losses before utilization.

d.

Income before taxes on income:

Domestic
Foreign

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

2013

$

$

16,165
2,266

$

14,690
4,183

$

18,431

$

18,873

$

18,350
2,407

20,757

F-41

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 12:- TAXES ON INCOME (Cont.)

e.

Taxes on income:

Taxes on income (tax benefit) consist of the following:

Current:
Domestic
Foreign

Deferred taxes:
Domestic
Foreign

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

2013

$

(1,277) $
781

(496)

2,673
(602)

2,071

$

241
689

930

2,575
(1,198)

1,377

3,466
880

4,346

(500)
(165)

(665)

Taxes on income (tax benefit)

$

1,575

$

2,307

$

3,681

f.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities:

Deferred  taxes  reflect  the  net  tax  effects  of  temporary  differences  between  the  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  for  financial 
reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company and its subsidiaries deferred tax 
assets are as follows:

Net operating loss carryforwards
Allowances, reserves and intangible assets

Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance
Less - valuation allowance

Deferred tax assets, net

Long-term tax assets
Long-term tax liabilities

Net deferred tax liabilities

December 31,

2014

2015

$

4,627
1,080

5,707
(3,570)

5,104
1,826

6,930
(4,107)

2,137

$

2,823

December 31,

2014

2015

2,137
(4,846)

$

(2,709) $

2,823
(5,726)

(2,903)

$

$

$

$

Deferred tax liabilities are in respect of acquired intangible assets and capitalized software costs.

F-42

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 12:- TAXES ON INCOME (Cont.)

g.

Reconciliation of the theoretical tax expense to the actual tax expense:

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Reconciling  items  between  the  2013,  2014  and  2015  statutory  tax  rate  (25%,  26.5%  and  26.5%,  respectively)  of  the  Company  and  the 
effective tax rate is presented in the following table:

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

2013

Income before taxes, as reported in the consolidated statements of income $

18,431

$

18,873

$

20,757

Statutory tax rate

25%

26.5%

26.5%

Theoretical tax expenses on the above amount at the Israeli statutory tax 

rate

Tax adjustment in respect of different tax rates
Deferred taxes on losses for which full valuation allowance was provided 

in the past

Tax-deductible costs, not included in the accounting costs
Tax benefits in respect of prior years, net
Nondeductible expenses
Uncertain tax position and other differences

$

4,609
484

$

5,001
80

$

(304)
-
203
95
(3,512)

236
-
(516)
82
(2,576)

5,501
(923)

131
(733)
(133)
177
(339)

Income tax

$

1,575

$

2,307

$

3,681

F-43

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 12:- TAXES ON INCOME (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

h.

The Company applies ASC 740, "Income Taxes" with regards to tax uncertainties. During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, the 
Company  recorded  $ 2,811,  $ 156  of  tax  income,  respectively,  and  $  324  of  tax  expenses  recorded  during  the  year  ended  December,  31, 
2015, as a result of this application.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

Gross unrecognized tax benefits at January 1, 2013

$

3,309

Decrease in tax positions taken in prior years

Gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2013

Decrease in tax positions taken in prior years

Gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2014

Increase in tax positions taken in prior years

Decrease in tax positions taken in prior years

Gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2015

$

(2,811)

498

(156)

342

469

(145)

666

As of December 31, 2015, the entire amount of unrecognized tax benefit could affect the Company's income tax provision and the effective 
tax rate.

NOTE 13:- EQUITY

a.

b.

The ordinary shares of the Company are listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market in the United States and are traded on the Tel-Aviv 
Stock Exchange in Israel.

Issuance of ordinary shares:

On December 23, 2010, the Company issued 3,287,616 ordinary shares at a price of $ 6.5 per share and in a total amount of $ 20,290 net of 
issuance expenses. The shares were issued to institutional investors in a private placement. In addition, certain of the purchasers received 
warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,134,231 ordinary shares at an exercise price of $ 8.26 per share.  The warrants are exercisable 
as  of  six  months  from  the  date  of  issuance,  have  a  term  of  three  years,  and  the  exercise  price  is  subject  to  future  adjustment  for  various 
events,  such  as  stock  splits  or  dividend  distributions.  Following  the  Company's  dividend  distribution  and  in  respect  to  warrants  issuance 
agreement. The warrants expired on June 2014.

On  March  5,  2014,  the  Company  issued  in  a  secondary  public  offering  6,903,141  ordinary  shares  at  a  price  of  $ 8.5  per  share.  Total  net 
proceeds from the issuance amounted to $ 54,726.

F-44

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 13:- EQUITY (Cont.)

c.

Stock Option Plans:

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Under  the  Company's  2007  Stock  Option  Plan,  as  amended  ("the  Plan"),  options  may  be  granted  to  employees,  officers,  directors  and 
consultants  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries.  Pursuant  to  the  2007  Stock  Option  Plan,  the  Company  reserved  for  issuance  1,500,000 
ordinary  shares.  In  2012,  the  Company  increased  the  amount  of  ordinary  shares  reserved  for  issuance  by  additional  1,000,000  ordinary 
shares in connection with the 2007 Stock Option Plan (mentioned above). As of December 31, 2015, an aggregate of 1,000,000 ordinary 
shares of the Company are available for future grants under the Plan. Each option granted under the Plan is exercisable for a period of ten 
years  from  the  date  of  the  grant  of  the  option.  On  December  31,  2015  the  Company’s  board  of  directors  extended  the  plan  by  10  years 
whereas the 2007 Plan will expire on August 8, 2027.

The  exercise  price  for  each  option  is  determined  by  the  Board  of  Directors  and  set  forth  in  the  Company's  award  agreement.  Unless 
determined otherwise by the Board of Directors, the option exercise price shall be equal to or higher than the share market price at the grant 
date. The options generally vest over 3-4 years. Any option that is forfeited or canceled before expiration becomes available for future grants 
under the Plans.

A summary of employee option activity under the Plans as of December 31, 2015 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2015 are 
as follows:

Number
of options

Weighted
average
exercise
price

738,889
-

$
$
(161,003) $
(83,969) $

493,917

333,917

$

$

4.26
-
2.60
6.21

4.47

3.37

Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
term 
(in years)

Aggregate
intrinsic
value

6.42

$

1,248

5.99

4.95

$

$

523

720

Outstanding at January 1, 2015
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited

Outstanding at December 31, 2015

Exercisable at December 31, 2015

The  weighted-average  grant-date  fair  value  of  options  granted  during  the  years  ended  December 31,  2013  and  2014  was  $6  and  $  3.76, 
respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total intrinsic value that would have been received by the option 
holders  had  all  option  holders  exercised  their  options  on  December 31,  2015.  This  amount  is  changed  based  on  the  market  value  of  the 
Company's Ordinary shares. Total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 was $ 529, 
$ 741 and $ 210, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, there was $ 163 of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-
based  compensation  arrangements  granted  under  the  Plans.  This  cost  is  expected  to  be  recognized  over  a  period  of  approximately  three 
years.

F-45

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 13:- EQUITY (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The options outstanding as of December 31, 2015, have been separated into ranges of exercise price categories, as follows:

Exercise price

Options
outstanding

Weighted
average
remaining
contractual life
(years)

Weighted
average
exercise price

Options
exercisable

Weighted
average
exercise price
of exercisable
options

In $
0-1
1.01-2
2.01-3
3.01-4
4.01-5
5.01-6
6.01-7
7.01-8
8.01-9

4,000
20,000
123,667
166,250
-
75,000
50,000
-
55,000

493,917

3.24
2.99
3.64
5.77
-
7.61
8.87
-
8.36

5.99

d.

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):

Accumulated realized and unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, 

net

Accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments
Accumulated unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net

Total other comprehensive income  (loss)

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

$

$

$

-
1.12
2.31
4.00
-
6.00
6.89
-
8.01

4.47

4,000
20,000
123,667
166,250
-
-
6,250
-
13,750

333,917

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

$

-
1.12
2.31
4.00
-
-
6.89
-
8.01

3.37

2013

December 31,
2014

2015

$

138
(327)
17

(121) $

(5,243)
17

(172) $

(5,347) $

35
(6,756)
26

(6,695)

e.

On September 4, 2012, the Company's Board of Directors adopted a dividend distribution policy, subject to any applicable law. According to 
this policy, each year the Company will distribute a dividend of up to 50% of its annual distributable profits. It is possible that the Board of 
Directors will decide, subject to the conditions stated above, to declare additional dividend distributions. The Company's Board of Directors 
may  at  its  discretion  and  at  any  time,  change,  whether  as  a  result  of  a  one-time  decision  or  a  change  in  policy,  the  rate  of  dividend 
distributions and/or not to distribute a dividend, all at its discretion.

F-46

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 13:- EQUITY (Cont.)

In respect to the policy mentioned above, on September 10, 2012 and on February 14, 2013 , the Company declared a dividend distribution 
of $ 0.10 per share ($ 3,661 in the aggregate) and $ 0.12 per share ($ 4,397 in the aggregate) which were paid on October 17, 2012 and on 
March  14,  2013,  respectively.  On  August  12,  2013  the  Company  declared  a  dividend  distribution  of  $ 0.09  per  share  ($  3,390  in  the 
aggregate) which was paid on September 3, 2013. On February 18, 2014, the Company declared a dividend distribution of $ 0.12 per share 
($ 4,468 in the aggregate) which was paid on March 14, 2014. On August 19, 2014 the Company declared a dividend distribution of $ 0.095 
per  share  ($  4,195  in  the  aggregate)  which  was  paid  on  September  4,  2014.  On  February  5,  2015,  the  Company  declared  a  dividend 
distribution of $ 0.081 per share ($ 3,582 in the aggregate) which was paid on March 11, 2015. On August 12, 2015, the Company declared 
a dividend distribution of $ 0.095 per share ($ 4,204 in the aggregate) which was paid on September 10, 2015. On February 21, 2016, the 
Company declared a dividend distribution of $ 0.09 per share (see also note 19).

f.

On November 2014, a Company's subsidiary granted one of its executive options exercisable for 1,167 ordinary shares in its subsidiary if 
meeting  a  certain  operational  financial  results.  The  exercise  price  of  the  options  is  NIS  1  per  share.   Total  fair  value  of  the  grant  was 
calculated based on the Company subsidiary’s fair value on the grant date and totaled NIS 5,910 thousand (NIS 5 thousand per share).  On 
October 2015, the options were exercised and 1,167 ordinary shares were issued.

NOTE 14:- RELATED PARTIES TRANSACTIONS

Agreements with controlling shareholder and its affiliates: 

The  Company  has  in  effect  agreements  with  affiliated  companies  pursuant  to  which  the  Company  has  rendered  services  amounting  to 
approximately $353, $574 and $1,638, in aggregate for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively and acquired services and 
hardware amounting to approximately $100, $245 and $231 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

F-47

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 15:- SELECTED STATEMENTS OF INCOME DATA

a.

Research and development costs, net:

Total costs
Less - capitalized software costs

Research and development, net

b.

Financial income (expenses), net:

Interest income net of bank charges
Interest expenses related to liabilities in connection with acquisitions
Interest income from marketable securities, net of amortization of 

premium on marketable securities

Loss arising from foreign currency translation and other

Financial income(expenses), net

NOTE 16:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

a.

Lease commitments:

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

2013

8,419
(4,713)

$

9,017
(4,267)

$

8,735
(3,847)

3,706

$

4,750

$

4,888

(170) $
(407)

46
(153)

(156) $
(152)

91
(1,569)

(684) $

(1,786) $

64
-

231
(980)

(685)

$

$

$

$

Certain  of  the  motor  vehicles,  facilities  and  equipment  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  are  rented  under  long-term  operating  lease 
agreements. Future minimum lease commitments under non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2015, are as follows:

2016
2017
2018
2019 and thereafter

$

$

1,839
1,131
816
769

4,555

Rent expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 were approximately $ 1,911, $ 1,736 and $ 2,045, respectively.

The  Company  leases  motor  vehicles  under  a  cancelable  lease  agreement.  The  Company  has  an  option  to  be  released  from  this  lease 
agreement, which may result in penalties in a maximum amount of $ 86.

F-48

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 16:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

The Company currently occupies approximately 129,213 square feet of space based on a lease agreements as of December 31, 2015. The 
Company has an option to terminate the lease agreement in Israel and India upon six months prior written notice.

The aggregated amount of lease commitment for the next 6 months in Israel and India mentioned above is approximately $ 246.

b.

Guarantees and Collaterals:

As of  December  31,  2015,  the Company has provided bank guarantees in the  amount of  $116 as  security for the performance of  various 
contracts with customers. As of December 31, 2015, the Company has restricted bank deposits of $ 128 in favor of the bank guarantees.

As of December 31, 2015, the Company has restricted bank deposits of $ 110 in favor of various contracts with customers.

c.

From time to time, the Company and/or its subsidiaries are subject to legal, administrative and regulatory proceedings, claims, demands and 
investigations  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  including  claims  with  respect  to  intellectual  property,  contracts,  employment  and  other 
matters.  The  Company  accrues  a  liability  when  it  is  both  probable  that  a  liability  has  been  incurred  and  the  amount  of  the  loss  can  be 
reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination as to whether a loss is 
reasonably  estimable.  These  accruals  are  reviewed  and  adjusted  to  reflect  the  impact  of  negotiations, settlements,  rulings,  advice  of  legal 
counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter.

Lawsuits  have  been  brought  against  the  Company  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business.  The  Company  intends  to  defend  itself  vigorously 
against those lawsuits.

1.

In  August  2009,  a  software  company  and  one  of  its  owners  filed  an  arbitration  proceeding  against  the  company  and  one  of  its 
subsidiaries,  claiming  an  alleged  breach  of  a  non-disclosure  agreement  between  the  parties.  The  plaintiffs  sought  damages  in  the 
amount of approximately NIS 52,000 (approximately $13,371). The arbitrator determined that both the Company and its subsidiary 
breached the non-disclosure agreement. In January 2015 the arbitrator rendered his ruling and determined that the company should 
pay  damages  to  the  plaintiffs. The  company  financial  results  of  operations  include  a  net  impact  of  $1,553  resulting  from  the 
arbitration. In December 2015, the same software Company filed a motion to appoint another arbitrator to the district court in Tel 
Aviv  in  order  to  sue  the  Company  for  additional  damages.  The  court  decided  against  the  company’s  position,  and  appointed  an 
arbitrator. In April 2016, the Company submitted a motion to overrule the District's court to the Supreme Court. The company is now 
waiting for a decision.  

F-49

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 16:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Cont.)

2.

In  addition  to  the  above  mentioned  legal  proceedings,  the  Company  is  also  involved  in  various  legal  proceedings  arising  in  the 
normal course of its business. Based upon the advice of counsel, the Company does not believe that the ultimate resolution of these 
matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. 

NOTE 17:- NET EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net earnings per share:

2013

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share - net income available to 

Magic shareholders

$

15,880

$

15,520

$

16,198

Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding:

Denominator for basic net earnings per share
Effect of dilutive securities

36,835,163
458,753

43,287,523
17,291

44,247,556
204,510

Denominator for diluted net earnings per share

37,293,916

43,304,814

44,452,066

Basic earnings per share

Diluted earnings per share

$

$

0.43

0.43

$

$

0.36

0.36

$

$

0.37

0.36

F-50

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 18:- SEGMENT GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMERS

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

a.

The Company reports its results on the basis of two reportable business segments: software services (which include proprietary and none 
proprietary software technology) and IT professional services.

The  Company  evaluates  segment  performance  based  on  revenues  and  operating  income  of  each  segment.  The  accounting  policies  of  the 
operating segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. This data is presented in accordance 
with ASC 280, "Segment Reporting."

Headquarters' general and administrative costs have not been allocated between the different segments.

Software services

The Company develops markets, sells and supports a proprietary and none proprietary application platform, software applications, business 
and process integration solutions and related services.

IT professional services

The  Company  offers  advanced  and  flexible  IT  services  in  the  areas  of  infrastructure  design  and  delivery,  application  development, 
technology planning and implementation services, communications services and solutions, as well as supplemental outsourcing services.

There are no significant transactions between the two segments.

b.

The following is information about reported segment results of operation:

2013

Total revenues
Expenses

Segment operating income (loss)

Depreciation and amortization

Software
services

IT
professional
services

Unallocated
expense

Total

67,453
53,164

14,289

5,917

$

$

$

77,505
68,846

8,659

2,210

$

$

$

$

-
3,821

144,958
125,831

(3,821) $

19,127

253

$

8,380

$

$

$

F-51

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 18:- SEGMENT GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMERS (Cont.)

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

2014

Total revenues
Expenses

Segment operating income (loss)

Depreciation and amortization

2015

Total revenues
Expenses

Segment operating income (loss)

Depreciation and amortization

Software
services

IT
professional
services

Unallocated
expense

Total

$

$

$

$

$

$

69,861
54,464

15,397

6,065

67,271
52,963

14,308

6,562

$

$

$

$

$

$

94,443
84,873

9,570

2,263

108,759
98,384

10,375

3,042

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

-
4,241

164,304
143,578

(4,241) $

20,726

266

$

8,594

$

-
3,249

176,030
154,596

(3,249) $

21,434

281

$

9,885

c.

The  Company's  business  is  divided  into  the  following  geographic  areas:  Israel,  Europe,  United  States,  Japan  and  other  regions.  Total 
revenues are attributed to geographic areas based on the location of the customers.

The following table presents total revenues classified according to geographical destination for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 
and 2015:

Israel
Europe
United States
Japan
Other

Year ended December 31,
2014

2015

2013

$

$

$

24,006
31,386
70,872
11,965
6,729

$

29,198
37,409
82,470
11,299
3,928

36,401
29,084
92,577
10,092
7,876

144,958

$

164,304

$

176,030

F-52

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)

NOTE 18:- SEGMENT GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMERS (Cont.)

d.

The Company's long-lived assets are located as follows:

Israel
Europe
United States
Japan
Other

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

December 31,

2014

2015

$

$

$

58,263
1,523
22,174
4,786
3,291

90,039

$

59,770
1,402
29,990
4,765
3,253

99,180

e.

f.

The Company does not allocate its assets to its reportable segments; accordingly, asset information by reportable segments is not presented.

In 2013, 2014 and 2015, the Company had one customer, included in the IT professional services segment, which accounted for 13%, 10% 
and 11% of the group revenues, respectively.

NOTE 19:- SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

a.

On February 21, 2016, the Company declared a dividend distribution of $ 0.09 per share ($ 3,991 in the aggregate) which will be paid on 
March 17, 2016. The dividend distribution relates to the Company's earnings in the second half of 2015.

F-53

APPENDIX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DETAILS OF SUBSIDIARIES AND AFFILIATE

Details of the percentage of control of the share capital and voting rights of subsidiaries and an affiliate as of December 31, 2015:

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.
AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Name of Company

Magic Software Japan K.K.
Magic Software Enterprises Inc.
Magic Software Enterprises (UK) Ltd.
Hermes Logistics Technologies Limited.
Magic Software Enterprises Spain Ltd.
Coretech Consulting Group Inc.
Coretech Consulting Group LLC.
Fusion Solutions LLC.
Fusion Technical Solutions LLC.
Xsell Resources Inc.
Magic Software Enterprises (Israel) Ltd.
Magic Software Enterprises Netherlands B.V.
Magic Software Enterprises France
Magic Beheer B.V.
Magic Benelux B.V.
Magic Software Enterprises GMBH
Magic Software Enterprises India Pvt. Ltd.
Onyx Magyarorszag Szsoftverhaz .
Magix Integration (Proprietary) Ltd
Appbuilder Solutions Ltd
Complete Business Solutions Ltd
Comm-IT Technology Solutions Ltd
Comm-IT Software Ltd
Comm-IT Embedded Ltd (shares held by Comm-IT Technology Solutions Ltd)
Pilat (North America), Inc
Pilat Europe Ltd
Valinor Ltd
Dario Solutions IT Ltd
BridgeQuest Labs, Inc
BridgeQuest, Inc
Allstates Consulting Services LLC
Formula Telecom Solutions, Ltd
FTS Bulgaria (FTS Global Ltd.)
DataMind Technologies Ltd
Comblack Ltd.
Yes-IT Ltd.
Infinigy (UK) holdings limited
Infinigy (US) holding Inc.
Infinigy Solutions LLC.
Infinigy Solutions West Coast LLC.

- - - - - - - - - - - -

F-54

Percentage of
ownership
and control
%

Place of
incorporation

South Africa

India

100
Japan
100 U.S.A.
100 U.K.
100 U.K.
100
Spain
100 U.S.A
100 U.S.A
100 U.S.A
49 U.S.A
100 U.S.A
100
Israel
100 Netherlands
100
France
100 Netherlands
100 Netherlands
100 Germany
100
100 Hungary
100
100 U.K.
Israel
100
Israel
77.7
Israel
100
Israel
75
100 U.S.A
100 U.K.
Israel
100
100
Israel
100 U.S.A
100 U.S.A
100 U.S.A
100
Israel
100 Bulgaria
Israel
80
Israel
70
100
Israel
100 U.K.
100 U.S.A
70 U.S.A
100 U.S.A

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

Magic Software Japan K.K.

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Magic Software Japan K.K. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2014 and 2015, and the related statements 
of  operations  and  cash  flows  for  each  of  the  three  years  in  the  period  ended  December  31,  2015.  These  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the
Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we
plan  and  perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  are  free  of  material  misstatement.  We  were  not  engaged  to
perform an audit of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a
basis  for  designing  audit  procedures  that  are  appropriate  in  the  circumstances,  but  not  for  the  purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the  effectiveness  of  the
Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting.  Accordingly,  we  express  no  such  opinion.  An  audit  also  includes  examining,  on  a  test  basis,  evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2014
and  2015,  and  the  related  statements  of  operations  and  cash  flows  for  each  of  the  three  years  in  the  period  ended  December  31,  2015  in  conformity  with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Tokyo, Japan
January 28, 2016

/s/ KDA Audit Corporation
KDA Audit Corporation

F-55

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.
1.1
1.2
2.1

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
8
12.1
12.2
13.1

13.2

15.1
15.2

Memorandum of Association (1)
Amended and Restated Articles of Association, as adopted by Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. on January 8, 2012 (2)
Depositary Agreement by and among Formula Systems (1985) Ltd., Bank of New York Mellon and the holders of the American Depositary Shares
of Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. (1)
Form of Letter of Indemnification for officers and directors, adopted by Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. on January 8, 2012 (3)
English translation of Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. Employees and Office Holders Share Option Plan (2008)(4)
Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. 2011 Share Incentive Plan and amendment(5)
Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. Compensation Policy(6)
List of Subsidiaries*
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) under the Exchange Act*
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) under the Exchange Act*
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b)/Rule 15d-14(b) under the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as 
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*  
Certification  of  the  Chief  Financial  Officer  pursuant  to  Rule  13a-14(b)/Rule  15d-14(b)  under  the  Exchange  Act  and  18  U.S.C.  Section  1350,  as 
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*  
Consent of Kost, Forer, Gabbay & Kasierer, A Member of Ernst & Young Global*  
Consent of KDA Audit Corporation*  

*Filed herewith.

(1) Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-8858).
(2) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the report on Form 6-K filed by the registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 18, 2012.
(3) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the report on Form 6-K filed by the registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 18, 2012.
(4) Incorporated by reference to the annual report on Form 20-F for the 2008 fiscal year filed by the registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
April 27, 2009.
(5) Incorporated by reference to the annual report on Form 20-F for the 2013 fiscal year filed by the registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
April 30, 2014.
(6) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the report on Form 6-K filed by the registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 24, 2013.

Name of Subsidiary

InSync Staffing Services, Inc.

Matrix IT Ltd.

Magic Software Enterprises Ltd. 

Sapiens International Corporation N.V.

TSG Advanced IT Systems, Ltd

List of Subsidiaries

Jurisdiction of Incorporation

Exhibit 8

Delaware

Israel

Israel

Curaçao

Israel

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)/RULE 15d-14(a) UNDER
THE EXCHANGE ACT

Exhibit 12.1

I, Guy Bernstein, certify that:

1.

2.

3.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2015 of Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. (the “Registrant”);

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements 
made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial 
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange 

Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the 
Registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure 
that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, 
particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our 

supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external 
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the 
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual 

report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.

The Registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the 
Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably 

likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control 

over financial reporting.

Date: May 16, 2016

/s/ Guy Bernstein
Guy Bernstein
Chief Executive Officer

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)/RULE 15d-14(a) UNDER
THE EXCHANGE ACT

Exhibit 12.2

I, Asaf Berenstin, certify that:

1.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2015 of Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. (the “Registrant”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements 

made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial 

condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange 

Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the 
Registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure 
that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, 
particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our 

supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external 
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the 
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual 

report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.

The Registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the 
Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably 

likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control 

over financial reporting.

Date: May 16, 2016

/s/ Asaf Berenstin
Asaf Berenstin
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT
TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Exhibit 13.1

In connection with the annual report of Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the period ending December 31, 2015, as filed with the 
Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Guy Bernstein, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 
§ 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)

(2)

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:  May 16, 2016

/s/ Guy Bernstein
Guy Bernstein
Chief Executive Officer 

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT
TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Exhibit 13.2

In connection with the annual report of Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the period ending December 31, 2015, as filed 
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Asaf Berenstin, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 
18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)

(2)

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:  May 16, 2016

/s/ Asaf Berenstin
Asaf Berenstin
Chief Financial Officer 
(Principal Financial Officer) 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-156686) of our reports dated May 16, 2016, with respect 
to the consolidated financial statements of Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Formula Systems 
(1985) Ltd. included in this annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Tel- Aviv, Israel
May 16, 2016

/s/ Kost, Forer, Gabbay & Kasierer
KOST, FORER, GABBAY & KASIERER
A Member of Ernst & Young Global

Exhibit 15.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

OF

Magic Software Japan K.K

Exhibit 15.2

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-156686) of Formula Systems (1985) Ltd., of our report dated 
January 28, 2016, with respect to the financial statements of Magic Software Japan K.K as of December 31, 2015, which report appears in the annual report on 
Form 20-F of Formula Systems (1985) Ltd. for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Tokyo, Japan
May 12, 2016

/s/ KDA Audit Corporation
KDA Audit Corporation
Registered Auditors