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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[x] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2016
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _________ to _________.
Commission File Number: 001-37921
FORTERRA, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
37-1830464
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
511 East John Carpenter Freeway, 6th Floor, Irving, TX 75062
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(469) 458-7973
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) Act:
Title of Each Class
Name of Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share
NASDAQ Global Select Market
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [ ] No [x]
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes [ ] No [x]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2)
has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [x] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every
Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [x] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be
contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form
10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [x]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller
reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the
Exchange Act.
[ ] Large accelerated filer
[ ] Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer x
(Do not check if a smaller reporting
company)
[ ] Smaller reporting company
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [x] No [ ]
As of March 28, 2017, the latest practicable date, 64,174,233 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, were
issued and outstanding. The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value, held by non-affiliates of the registrant
as of such date was approximately $339,048,932, based upon the last reported sales price for such date on the NASDAQ Global Select
Market. The registrant’s common stock was not traded on June 30, 2016, the last day of the registrant’s second fiscal quarter in 2016.
Certain information called for by Part III is incorporated by reference to certain sections in the registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating
to the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after
December 31, 2016.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
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Business
Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I
Part II
Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Selected Financial Data
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information
Part III
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
Item 15.
Exhibits
Signatures
Part IV
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements and information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the
meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
These forward-looking statements relate to matters such as our industry, business strategy, goals and expectations concerning our market
position, future operations, margins, profitability, capital expenditures, liquidity, capital resources and other financial and operating information.
We have used the words “approximately,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,”
“intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will” and similar terms and phrases to identify forward-looking
statements. All of our forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from
those that we are expecting, including:
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the level of construction activity, particularly in the residential construction and non-residential construction markets;
government funding of infrastructure and related construction activities;
the highly competitive nature of our industry and our ability to effectively compete;
energy costs;
the availability and price of the raw materials we use in our business;
the ability to implement our growth strategy;
our dependence on key customers and the absence of long-term agreements with these customers;
the level of construction activity in Texas;
disruption at one of our manufacturing facilities or in our supply chain;
construction project delays and our inventory management;
our ability to successfully integrate our recent acquisitions;
labor disruptions and other union activity;
a tightening of mortgage lending or mortgage financing requirements;
our current dispute with HeidelbergCement related to the payment of an earn-out;
compliance with environmental laws and regulations;
compliance with health and safety laws and regulations and other laws and regulations to which we are subject;
our dependence on key executives and key management personnel;
our ability to retain and attract additional skilled technical or sales personnel;
credit and non-payment risks of our customers;
warranty and related claims;
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legal and regulatory claims;
the seasonality of our business and its susceptibility to severe adverse weather;
our ability to maintain sufficient liquidity and ensure adequate financing or guarantees for large projects;
delays or outages in our information technology systems and computer networks; and
additional factors discussed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC.
The forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are based on historical performance and management’s
current plans, estimates and expectations in light of information currently available to us and are subject to uncertainty and changes in
circumstances. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. Actual results may
differ materially from these expectations due to changes in global, regional or local political, economic, business, competitive, market,
regulatory and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, as well as the other factors described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” . Additional
factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may also emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of
them. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove to be incorrect, our actual results
may vary in material respects from what we may have expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. We caution that you should
not place undue reliance on any of our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement made by us speaks only as of the date on
which we make it. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future
developments or otherwise, except as may be required by applicable securities laws.
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Item 1. Business
PART I
On March 13, 2015, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, Lone Star Fund IX (U.S.), L.P. (which we refer to, along with its
affiliates and associates, but excluding the Company and other companies that it owns as a result of its investment activity, as Lone Star)
acquired the building products business of HeidelbergCement AG in the United States and Eastern Canada, or the Acquisition. Unless
otherwise specified or where the context otherwise requires, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “our,” “we,” “us,” the “Company”
and “our business” (i) for the Predecessor periods prior to the completion of the Acquisition, refer to the building products business of
HeidelbergCement AG in the United States and Eastern Canada, (ii) for the Successor periods after completion of the Acquisition, but prior to
the internal reorganization transaction discussed in note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in which LSF9 Concrete Holdings Ltd
transferred its building products business in the United States and Eastern Canada to Forterra, Inc., or the Reorganization, the building
products business of LSF9 Concrete Holdings Ltd in the United States and Eastern Canada and (iii) for the Successor periods after completion
of the Reorganization, the operations of Forterra, Inc., in each case together with its consolidated subsidiaries. We are a holding company
incorporated in Delaware in 2016. We are controlled and indirectly owned by Lone Star and have a relatively short operating history as a stand-
alone company.
General
We are a leading manufacturer of pipe and precast products by sales volume in the United States and Eastern Canada for a variety of
water-related infrastructure applications, including water transmission, distribution and drainage. We provide critical infrastructure components
for a broad spectrum of construction projects across residential, non-residential and infrastructure markets. Our extensive suite of end-to-end
products covers “the First Mile to the Last Mile” of the water infrastructure grid, ranging from large diameter pipe that transports water to and
from treatment centers and manages drainage along major transportation corridors, to smaller diameter pipe that delivers potable water to, and
removes wastewater from, end users in residential and commercial settings. We employ a specialized technical salesforce, including engineers
and field service representatives, which enables us to deliver a high degree of customer service, create tailored solutions and ensure our
products meet project specifications to maximize applications in the field. We believe that our product breadth, footprint in the United States
and Eastern Canada and significant scale help make us a one-stop shop for water-related pipe and products, and a preferred supplier to a wide
variety of customers, including contractors, distributors and municipalities.
Our manufacturing and distribution network allows us to serve most major U.S. and Eastern Canadian markets. We operate 93
manufacturing facilities and currently have significant additional manufacturing capacity available in both of our segments, providing substantial
room to increase production to meet short-cycle demand with minimal incremental investment. These strategically located facilities, which have
a significant replacement cost, and our broad distribution network provide us with a local presence and the necessary proximity to our
customers to minimize delivery time and distribution costs.
As one of the only companies of scale in our industry that manufactures both water drainage pipe and precast structures (used
primarily for stormwater and drainage applications) and water transmission and distribution pipe (used primarily to transport potable water and
as a component of wastewater systems), our complementary product portfolio is well positioned to serve both the projected $10.4 billion
stormwater and wastewater infrastructure market and the projected $7.9 billion potable water transmission and distribution market, each based
on projections prepared by Freedonia Custom Research, Inc. and Freedonia Group, Inc., or together, Freedonia, of 2018 total U.S. market
demand. The American Water Works Association, or AWWA, estimates that nearly $1 trillion will need to be spent from 2010 to 2035 to repair
and upgrade aging water infrastructure in the United States. In December 2015, the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act, or the FAST
Act was enacted by the U.S. federal government authorizing $305.0 billion of funding over the following five years to upgrade transportation-
related infrastructure, more than 70% of which relates to highway spending, which supports a key end market for our Drainage Pipe & Products
business due to the stormwater, drainage and related needs associated with highway construction and improvement projects. As “Buy
America” provisions become increasingly
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prevalent under federal law, we believe our domestic manufacturing footprint will be a competitive advantage. Additionally, within the water
transmission and distribution markets, Dodge Data & Analytics or Dodge, market forecasts suggest that new residential and non-residential
construction starts, which remain well below long-term historical averages, are expected to grow from 2016 levels. We believe that our
exposure to each of the residential, non-residential and infrastructure end markets will allow us to benefit from both secular and cyclical growth
across each of these end markets. The residential, non-residential and infrastructure end markets in the United States and Eastern Canada
have different growth drivers and operating dynamics, and the cyclical performance of these markets has historically been staggered during
different stages of the broader economic cycle.
Since the Acquisition in 2015, we have undergone a significant transformation to become a leading water infrastructure company
throughout the United States and Eastern Canada. As part of this transformation, we have:
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Upgraded our senior leadership team, including a new CEO and CFO, both of whom have relevant public company leadership
experience and manufacturing industry expertise
Rebranded our business to “Forterra” to strengthen and unify our corporate identity
Strengthened corporate functions to operate as a fully autonomous, standalone company
Implemented incentive compensation arrangements at the sales level to drive profitable growth and instill a strong performance culture
Launched numerous operational, commercial and cost savings initiatives throughout our businesses, targeting efficiency and
profitability improvements from which we believe we have realized more than $35 million of savings in 2016 and from which we believe
will realize further substantial efficiencies
Executed our strategic acquisition strategy to build geographic scale and significantly enhance our extensive product offering with
seven acquisitions since October 1, 2015
Streamlined our product portfolio and refocused our efforts and resources on water infrastructure with strategic transactions, including
the divestiture of our bricks and roof tile businesses
Our organic growth strategy is focused on leveraging our low-cost operations, high level of customer service and product innovation
capabilities, as well as our product breadth and industry-leading scale, to cross-sell our products to existing customers to increase penetration
and project wins and to gain market share through new customers. Operationally, we continue to focus on efficiency and productivity
improvements to reduce costs and drive margin improvements.
We have built a strong operating platform and continuously evaluate acquisition opportunities to complement our organic growth and
improve our market positions within the markets we serve. Over the past three years, ten strategic acquisitions (including three acquisitions
completed by U.S. Pipe) have provided meaningful, ongoing synergy benefits. We believe that our success in acquiring businesses has been
the result of our highly disciplined approach, continuous monitoring of potential targets (with a focus on culture and people, among other
things), and a market view that Forterra is a strong partner given our scale, culture and recent growth. We believe significant acquisition
opportunities at attractive prices are still available given the relatively fragmented landscape in several of the sub-markets in which we operate.
See Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and note 3 to our consolidated financial
statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for a more detailed discussion of our recent acquisitions.
Our Segments
Drainage Pipe & Products. We are the largest producer of concrete drainage pipe and precast products by sales volume in the United
States and Eastern Canada. We have 69 manufacturing facilities across 31 states and two Canadian provinces. We believe our extensive
product offering creates a compelling value proposition for our customers as it eliminates the need to engage multiple suppliers of stormwater
and wastewater-related products for a single project, thereby maximizing efficiency and allowing our customers to meet more aggressive
timetables. We also have the ability to custom-build products to complex specifications and regulations, further enhancing our ability to address
customer needs. We acquired concrete pipe and precast and related product manufacturers Cretex Concrete Products, Inc., or Cretex,
Sherman-Dixie Concrete Industries, Inc., or Sherman-Dixie, Bio Clean Environmental Services, Inc. and Modular Wetland Systems, Inc., or
together Bio Clean, J&G
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Concrete Operations LLC, or J&G, the businesses of Precast Concepts, LLC, or Precast Concepts, and Royal Enterprises America, Inc., or
Royal, to further enhance our scale, geographic footprint and product portfolio.
Water Pipe & Products. We are the largest producer of DIP and concrete pressure pipe by sales volume in the United States and
Eastern Canada. We offer significant product breadth and depth and technical service, addressing our customers’ full range of water
transmission and distribution needs. Our 24 manufacturing facilities are strategically located across the United States and Eastern Canada,
with ample swing capacity available to support increased production levels as demand in the construction industry continues to improve.
Furthermore, we believe our expansive distribution network allows us to achieve lead times among the shortest in the industry. We acquired
U.S. Pipe, a market leader within DIP, to diversify our product portfolio and enhance our service offering. U.S. Pipe’s acquisition history includes
the acquisitions of Griffin Pipe Products Co., LLC, or Griffin Pipe, a manufacturer of DIP, the operations of Metalfit S.A de C.V. and Metalfit, Inc.,
or Metalfit collectively, a manufacturer of waterworks fittings and industrial castings, and Custom Fab, Inc., or Custom Fab, a fabricator of pipe
primarily for the waterworks industry.
Key Segments
Products
Drainage Pipe & Products
Water Pipe & Products
Product Applications
Primary Market Channels
Stormwater and wastewater infrastructure
- Direct to Contractors - Distributors
Potable and wastewater transmission and
distribution
- Distributors - Direct to Contractors, Municipalities
and Utilities Waterworks
# of Manufacturing Facilities
69
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Our Industry and Core End Markets
Across the United States and Eastern Canada, we are a market leader in each of the following core product categories: concrete
drainage pipe and precast, ductile iron pipe and concrete pressure pipe.
North American water infrastructure, aging and strained by a growing population, requires substantial, prolonged capital investment
totaling nearly $1 trillion across the U.S. according to the AWWA. According to the EPA, the U.S. potable water and waste and storm water
infrastructures require a cumulative $682 billion investment in repairs and expansions over the next 20 years, with pipe representing a
substantial proportion of the total capital need. In Canada, per the Canadian Infrastructure Report Card, or CIRC, the replacement value for
water infrastructure in “fair” to “very poor” condition areas totals $173 billion (CAD), where “fair” assets are defined as those with indicated
deterioration and deficiencies and require attention and “very poor” assets are defined as near or beyond expected service life and unfit for
sustained service, indicating that infrastructure reinvestment lags behind targeted levels.
We serve a range of infrastructure-related end markets. Based on the source of funding, we classify these construction markets into
infrastructure, residential and non-residential.
Infrastructure
Our main sales drivers in this market include the construction of streets, highways and storm and sanitary sewers. Though based on
U.S. Census data and information from the CBO annual federal spending on
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transportation and water infrastructure hit a 30-year low on a per capita basis in 2014, we expect to benefit from several drivers in this market,
as U.S. and Canadian federal funding dynamics and public infrastructure requirements support continued growth. At the U.S. federal level, the
FAST Act demonstrates the U.S. government’s commitment to improving the country’s transportation infrastructure. More than 70% of the law’s
budget is dedicated to highway spending, providing multi-year visibility on federal highway funding. As a U.S.-based company, we are well
positioned to benefit from this new spending, as the legislation steps up federal “Buy America” requirements from 60% in 2015 to 70% in 2020.
In its budget for 2016, the Canadian federal government proposed $11.9 billion (CAD) in infrastructure spending over the next five years, with
$2.0 billion (CAD) in a clean water and wastewater fund and $2.2 billion (CAD) towards water, wastewater and waste management
infrastructure.
Residential Construction
Revenues from residential construction were largely driven by new U.S. residential construction, which is recovering from historic lows
reached during the financial crisis. Though new housing starts grew from 2010 to 2016, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, current levels
remain substantially below long-term averages. The new residential construction market is expected to continue to grow over the next few
years across the United States and Canada according to Fannie Mae and Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation forecasts.
Non-residential Construction
Revenues from non-residential construction were driven largely by new U.S. non-residential construction, and we believe we will
continue to benefit from this market’s ongoing recovery from historical lows reached during the financial crisis. Though new non-residential
construction starts grew, according to Dodge, from 2010 to 2016, current levels remain below long-term average levels. The non-residential
construction market is expected to continue to grow for the next few years across the United States and Canada, according to data from Dodge
and Construction Market Data Group LLC.
Our Products
Drainage Pipe & Products Segment
We manufacture drainage pipe and precast products in the United States and Eastern Canada. Drainage pipe has residential, non-
residential and infrastructure applications. It is primarily used for storm water applications, such as storm drains for roads and highways, and for
residential and non-residential site developments. In addition, drainage pipe is used for sanitary sewers, low-pressure sewer force mains,
tunneled systems, treatment plant piping and utility tunnels.
Drainage pipe consists of concrete reinforced by a steel cage. It is manufactured by producing a steel mesh cage, enclosing it in a form
or mold and then pouring concrete around it to produce the pipe. Drainage pipe is manufactured in round, elliptical and arch shapes ranging
from 12 inches to 144 inches in diameter and in box sizes ranging from three feet to 15 feet in length and width. We also manufacture a wide
variety of precast concrete products, including box culverts, utility vaults, manholes, drainage inlets and pipe end sections. These precast
concrete products are used for applications such as roadway drainage, airport drainage, storm water management, utility construction and
water treatment and filtration systems. Our range of precast concrete products also includes products that fall under the general description of
specialty precast products for which we hold patents that make us the exclusive manufacturer or which are manufactured under license
agreements with third parties. These specialty products include architectural panels for buildings, modular railroad crossings, retaining wall
systems, highway noise barriers, storm water treatment systems and concrete vaults, which are used to house either dry utilities (such as
electrical, data or communications equipment) or wet utilities (such as valves, pumps or water meters).
We also manufacture structural precast products in the United States and manufacture a range of precast concrete bridge girders for
highway projects in both the United States and Eastern Canada. We manufacture a
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variety of structural precast products primarily for infrastructure and non-residential applications, including hollow-core planks, prestressed
bridge girders, beams, columns, wall panels, stairs, garage floors and architectural cladding. These products are used as structural and
architectural elements in building structures such as parking garages and arched and modular bridges.
Precast concrete products are reinforced with steel, similar to pipe, and manufactured using either a dry cast or wet cast concrete mix,
depending on the size of the piece and the number of identical pieces to be manufactured. In the dry cast method, a concrete mix with low
water content, known as zero-slump concrete, is poured into a mold and then densely compacted around the steel reinforcement using a
variety of manufacturing methods. The concrete structure is immediately removed from the mold and allowed to cure in a high humidity
environment to ensure proper hydration of the concrete. This method allows multiple pieces to be produced from the same mold each day and
is most suitable for high volume, repetitive manufacturing. In the wet cast method, a concrete mix with relatively high water content is poured
into a mold and allowed to cure in the mold, which can take from four to 12 hours. Precast concrete products typically range in diameter from
four to 12 feet for round products or in length and width from one foot to 12 feet for square or rectangular products.
We also regularly consider ways to innovate internally and expand our drainage pipe and precast product offerings by working to bring
other products to market. Some of our recent product offerings include Kenner Chainwall, Oystercrete and Duct Bank. Kenner Chainwall is a
precast concrete foundation that provides a structurally sound, on-grade or elevated foundation to support prefabricated shelters or equipment
buildings. One use is to elevate electrical equipment in flood zones such as those devastated by Hurricane Katrina. Oystercrete is a product
engineered to dissipate wave energy and recapture sediment and we believe could be of great utility in both rebuilding coastlines and fighting
future erosion. Duct bank is a precast product that consolidates and protects underground electrical and communication cables and can be
used in the construction of large buildings as well as installing cabling underneath roads and areas with existing structures. Each of these
products is now commercially available. We also acquired a number of innovative technologies relating to storm water management acquired in
our acquisition of Bio Clean.
In addition to our operations, we have a 50% equity interest in Concrete Pipe & Precast LLC, or CP&P, a joint venture with Americast,
Inc. entered into in 2012. CP&P operates 14 plants, nine of which were contributed by us, that serve the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United
States. CP&P manufactures drainage pipe and precast concrete products and sells those products to similar types of customers as the ones to
which we market. See note 6 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional
information regarding CP&P.
Water Pipe & Products Segment
Utilizing the U.S. Pipe and Forterra Pressure Pipe Canada brands, we manufacture a number of products used for the transmission of
potable water and wastewater in pipe diameters ranging from three to 174 inches.
We manufacture DIP in pipe diameters ranging from three to 64 inches in the United States. For each diameter of pipe we offer a wide
range of thicknesses with both standard and specialized coatings. DIP is used for transmission and distribution of potable water and
wastewater and is typically utilized for smaller diameter applications of 24 inches and smaller. DIP has residential and infrastructure repair
replacement applications, including potable water distribution systems, small water system grids, major water transmission mains, wastewater
collection systems, sewer force mains and water treatment plants. In addition to DIP, in Mexico we also manufacture a full line of
complementary joint restraints and fittings, which are utilized for interlocking adjoining segments of pipe and are typically bundled with DIP. We
also operate fabrication plants that modify our pipe to meet specific customer design requirements for above-ground applications.
DIP is manufactured using a process that consists of introducing molten iron into a rapidly-rotating steel mold and relying on centrifugal
force to distribute the molten iron evenly around the inner surface of the mold to produce pipe of uniform size and dimensions.
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In addition, for larger diameter applications, we manufacture concrete and steel pressure pipe in the United States and Eastern
Canada. Our pressure pipe is used for water transmission and distribution, power plant cooling water lines, sewage force mains for wastewater
and storm water and other diverse applications involving the movement of large volumes of water.
We manufacture prestressed concrete pipe, welded steel pipe and bar-wrapped concrete pipe. Concrete-lined pressure pipe ranges
from ten to 144 inches in diameter and welded steel pipe ranges from 32 to 124 inches in diameter. We also manufacture joints, fittings and
related components to complement our larger diameter pipe.
Prestressed concrete pipe consists of a concrete core, a steel cylinder and a high tensile strength wire that is wrapped, under
measured tension and at uniform spacing, around the steel cylinder. This wire wrap places the steel cylinder and concrete core in compression,
developing the pipe’s ability to withstand specified hydrostatic pressures and external loads. An outside coating of mortar protects the wires.
Welded steel pipe consists of a steel cylinder that is helically formed and welded from a continuous coil of steel, with a centrifugally
placed cement mortar lining and polyurethane or tape coating.
Bar-wrapped concrete cylinder pipe combines the physical strength of steel with the structural and protective properties of high
strength cement mortar. In this type of pipe, a round steel bar is helically wound around a welded steel cylinder and all surfaces are encased in
cement mortar. This composite pipe reacts as a unit when resisting internal pressure and external loads. The inside of the cylinder is lined with
centrifugally cast cement mortar.
Our pressure pipe is highly engineered and is built to order for technically demanding applications requiring various thresholds of
working pressure, surge pressure and loads. Our engineers work closely with customers to design components and systems to meet specific
regulatory and industrial demands. In particular, we have differentiated ourselves from regional competitors in highly regulated customer
sectors such as nuclear, coal and solar power generation and specialty applications. We also strive to innovate in our Water Pipe & Products
segment, in both DIP and large diameter steel and concrete pipe. Several of our more successful developments include metallic zinc coating,
TR-XTREME pipe and snap ring joints. Metallic zinc coating is active corrosion protection for DIP. TR-XTREME pipe is designed for areas of
seismic activity and has joints providing flexible extension capabilities. Snap ring joints are a restrained joint system for bar-wrapped concrete
pipe that allows contractors to install pipelines without welding joints on the job site. Each of these products is commercially available.
Customers and Markets
Drainage Pipe & Products Segment
We typically sell our drainage pipe and precast products to contractors that perform construction work for various levels of government,
residential and non-residential building owners, and developers in markets across the United States and Eastern Canada. Additionally,
although they are not our direct customers, we view the owners and engineers who are customers of the contractors that purchase our
products as our customers as well, because these owners and engineers often specify the types of products that our customers are required to
use, which can lead to increased sales of our products. We also sell our drainage pipe and precast products to utility companies. Several of our
largest manufacturing facilities are strategically located in close proximity to our markets. Our drainage pipe and precast products are typically
shipped within a radius of 150 miles, but in some cases up to 350 miles, from our manufacturing facilities.
Water Pipe & Products Segment
Our water transmission pipe products are sold direct to contractors as well as through some of the largest waterworks distributors. We
also sell to utility contractors that work on new or replacement pipeline projects, primarily in the East, South and Midwest of the United States
and in Eastern Canada. Our pressure pipe is used in projects
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for regional water authorities and districts, cities, counties, municipalities, port authorities, private companies and industrial clients, including
power plants. Concrete pressure pipe is typically shipped within a radius of 500 miles from our manufacturing facilities and DIP and steel
pressure pipe is shipped within a radius of over 1,000 miles.
Our Water Pipe & Products segment has significant sales through distributors including a key customer, HD Supply, which accounts for
11% of our Company's consolidated net sales.
Competition
Drainage Pipe & Products Segment
Our largest competitors in our Drainage Pipe & Products Segment include Rinker Materials (a former unit of CEMEX, S.A.B. de C.V.)
and Oldcastle, Inc. (a unit of CRH plc). We also compete with many regional and local manufacturers. Additionally, our drainage pipe products
compete with high density polyethylene, or HDPE, and polypropylene pipe products for a limited number of applications.
Water Pipe & Products Segment
Our two largest competitors in DIP manufacturing are McWane, Inc. and American Cast Iron Pipe Company. Our DIP products also
compete with polyvinyl chloride, or PVC, and HDPE pipe. Our national network of fabrication products competes with regional and local
providers of those products and services.
Due to the highly technical nature of our concrete and steel pressure pipe products, we compete with a small number of national
manufacturers. Our concrete-lined pressure pipe also competes with pressure pipe made from other materials such as fiberglass, HDPE and
PVC. Our concrete and steel pressure pipe competes with products manufactured by Northwest Pipe Company, which manufactures steel
pressure pipe, Ameron (a unit of National Oilwell Varco, Inc.), which manufactures steel and bar-wrapped pressure pipe, and American Cast
Iron Pipe Company, which also manufactures steel pressure pipe. Within Canada, our concrete pressure pipe products compete with DECAST
(formerly Munro Concrete Products, Ltd.).
Sales, Marketing and Distribution
Our products are generally made to order, but certain of our products are made to inventory. We have established target levels of
inventory for a limited number of products that we attempt to keep available at our manufacturing facilities to meet customer demand.
Inventories are held at manufacturing facilities and, to a lesser extent, at distribution yards.
Our concrete and steel pressure pipe, structural precast products and most precast concrete products are customized products that
are made to order. Our order backlog for precast concrete products is typically two to six months, while our order backlog for concrete and steel
pressure pipe is approximately 12 months.
We seek to attract and retain customers through exceptional customer service and technical expertise, leading product quality, broad
product and service offerings and competitive pricing. Our market strategy for products with non-residential end users is centered on building
and maintaining strong customer relationships rather than traditional advertising.
We maintain in-house technical sales, engineering and field service teams which provide customers technical expertise and support to
assist them in finding the right product or solution for their specific need. Each of our product groups has its own specialized sales force.
Overall, we employ more than 330 sales and related support professionals. Our sales force and customer service functions are staffed by
experienced professionals who have been trained in our product lines, processes and systems, and who maintain touch points with home
buyers, architects, builders, and distributors. Additionally, we have a staff of more than 30 engineers that we employ to work in concert with our
sales force to help develop the best and most useful product solutions for our customers.
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We sell our DIP products and our fittings and fabricated products through distributors. Our drainage pipe, concrete and steel pressure
pipe, and precast concrete products are sold direct to customers who are the end users of such products. Drainage pipe, concrete pressure
pipe, and certain precast products are sold through a bidding process in which we seek to place the most competitive bid. We undertake
marketing efforts through our participation in trade shows and through our website. We outsource all of our product deliveries by using a
combination of dedicated carriers and other third-party carriers.
Raw Materials and Inputs
The primary material for our drainage pipe and precast concrete products and our concrete pressure pipe is concrete, which consists of
cement, sand and aggregates. Another key input for our products is steel, which is the main material in our steel pressure pipe and is also used
to provide reinforcement within our drainage pipe and precast concrete products. Our DIP is largely made from iron melted from recycled scrap
metals. Other key materials for our DIP include foundry coke and certain additives, such as silica.
Most of our raw materials are widely available commodities. We have not experienced any significant shortages of raw materials. To
the extent we do not produce any raw materials, when and where possible, we try to purchase raw materials from the source, and because of
their low value-to- weight ratios, we generally try to source our raw materials in the vicinity of our facilities. We usually purchase the raw
materials we need in the spot market, except where we anticipate a significant need of materials for a specific project. Other than the cement
supply agreement described below, we generally do not enter into long-term supply contracts with our suppliers that require us to purchase
particular quantities or to pay particular prices. In our project-based businesses, we may pass certain raw material costs to end users through
step-up mechanisms included in our price quotes tied to the timing of execution.
As part of the Acquisition, we entered into a Cement Supply Agreement with Lehigh Cement Company, LLC, or Lehigh, a subsidiary of
HeidelbergCement, which requires us to purchase our cement requirements from Lehigh for 15 of our existing manufacturing facilities in the
United States through March of 2020. The Cement Supply Agreement allows us to obtain competing price quotations from other suppliers and
gives Lehigh an opportunity to match those prices or release us from our purchase obligation for the facility or facilities in question for the
period of the competing price quotation.
We purchase our steel from a number of different suppliers, but most suppliers are based in the United States in order to comply with
“Buy America” government contract requirements placed on our customers. We endeavor to purchase these steel supplies from the entity
which is as close as possible to the manufacturer. In the case of hot rolled steel coil, this means shifting from buying from a service center to
making purchases directly from the steel mill. We purchase most of our welded wire reinforcement steel and bright basic wire directly from the
manufacturer.
For the manufacture of our DIP and fittings, we purchase scrap metal directly from all qualified scrap sources near our foundry sites in
the United States and Mexico. We utilize certain categories of scrap metal, primarily shredded automobile bodies, plate & structural, and cast
iron. We purchase foundry coke from two of the three merchant coke producers in the United States, both located in Birmingham, Alabama.
Major alloys and additives are procured from both domestic and foreign sources based on a semiannual bid process.
The natural gas used in our operations is sourced from a number of different gas suppliers. While we typically hedge a portion of our
exposure to electricity and natural gas prices, we may not continue our current strategy or hedge any positions in the future and therefore
remain susceptible to energy price increases.
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Seasonality
The construction industry, and therefore demand for our products, is typically seasonal and dependent on weather conditions, with
periods of snow or heavy rain negatively affecting construction activity. For a more detailed discussion, see the sections titled Item 1A. Risk
Factors and Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for a discussion of the
seasonality of our business.
Employees
As of December 31, 2016, we had 5,353 employees, 1,179 of which were salaried and 4,174 of which were hourly. Of the total number
of employees, 4,762 were located in the United States, 335 were located in Canada and 256 were located in Mexico. The number of hourly
workers we employ varies to match our labor needs during periods of fluctuating demand. From time to time, we employ temporary workers to
meet increased demand.
As of December 31, 2016, approximately 28% of our workforce is covered by collective bargaining agreements, and approximately
55% of these employees are included in collective bargaining agreements that expire within one year of December 31, 2016. We have not had
any recent union-organized work stoppages in the United States, Canada or Mexico. We believe that we have good relationships with our
employees and with the unions representing our employees.
Intellectual Property
We own various United States and foreign patents, registered trademarks, trade names and trade secrets and applications for, or
licenses in respect of, the same, that relate to our various business lines including, as a result of our acquisition of Bio Clean, a number of
innovative technologies relating to storm water management. While the name Forterra is relatively new in our industry, we believe our
customers have reacted favorably to the new name and rebranding effort that followed the Acquisition. The U.S. Pipe name has been a
recognized manufacturer of ductile iron pipe for more than 110 years. We also license intellectual property for use in certain of our products
from unaffiliated third parties. We believe that our patents, trademarks, trade names and trade secrets are adequately protected and that any
expiration or other loss of one or more of our patents or other intellectual property rights would not have a material adverse effect upon our
business, financial condition or results of operations.
Environmental, Health and Safety Matters
We are subject to a broad range of federal, state, provincial, local and foreign laws and regulations governing health and safety or the
protection of the environment and natural resources, including, for example:
•
•
•
•
the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, or RCRA, and comparable state laws that impose requirements for the
generation, handling, transportation, treatment, storage, disposal and cleanup of waste from our operations;
the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, or CERCLA, also known as “Superfund,” and
comparable state laws that govern the cleanup of hazardous substances that may have been released at properties currently or
previously owned or operated by us or locations which we have sent waste for disposal;
the federal Clean Water Act, or CWA, and analogous state laws and regulations that can impose detailed permit requirements and
strict controls on discharges of waste water from our facilities; and
the federal Clean Air Act, or CAA, and comparable state laws and regulations that impose obligations related to air emissions, including
federal and state laws and regulations to address greenhouse gas, or GHG, emissions.
Environmental pre-construction and operating permits are, or may be, required for certain of the Company’s operations, and such
permits are subject to modification, renewal, and revocation. It is likely that we will be subject to increasingly stringent environmental standards
in the future, particularly under air quality and
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water quality laws. It is also likely that we will be required to make additional expenditures, which could be significant, relating to environmental
matters such as pollution controls, on an ongoing basis. As our operations involve, and have involved, the handling, transport and distribution
of materials that are, or could be classified as, toxic or hazardous or otherwise as pollutants, there is some risk of contamination and
environmental damage inherent in our operations and the materials and products we handle and transport. Consequently, we are subject to
environmental laws that impose liability for historical releases of hazardous substances. We are also subject to a variety of health and safety
laws and regulations dealing with occupational health and safety, including mine safety. Manufacturing and mining sites can be inherently
dangerous workplaces. Our sites often put our employees and others in close proximity with large pieces of mechanized equipment, moving
vehicles, and manufacturing processes, and highly regulated materials and there is inherent risk of related liabilities in our operations. See Item
1A. Risk Factors.
We regularly monitor and review our operations, procedures, and policies for compliance with existing laws and regulations, changes in
interpretations of existing laws and enforcement policies, new laws that are adopted, and new laws that we anticipate will be adopted that could
affect our operations. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, published a final rule in March 2016 decreasing the levels
of crystalline silica dust exposure to which workers can be exposed. This rule must be implemented by March 2018 and may require some of
our manufacturing facilities to install new controls to reduce the levels of crystalline silica dust. Excessive, prolonged inhalation of very small-
sized particles of crystalline silica has been associated with lung diseases, including silicosis, and several scientific organizations and some
states, such as California, have reported that crystalline silica can cause lung cancer. OSHA has established occupational thresholds for
crystalline silica exposure as respirable dust. We monitor occupational exposures at our facilities and implement dust control procedures and/or
make available appropriate respiratory protective equipment to maintain the occupational exposures at or below the appropriate levels.
Despite our compliance efforts, risk of environmental, health and safety liability is inherent in the operation of our businesses, as it is
with other companies engaged in similar businesses, and there can be no assurance that environmental, health and safety liabilities will not
have a material adverse effect on us in the future.
Our consolidated financial statements include estimated liabilities for future costs arising from environmental issues relating to our
properties and operations. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had accrued environmental liabilities of approximately $1.7 million. We
believe these accruals are adequate to cover our costs for remedial measures that may eventually be required by environmental authorities
with respect to known environmental matters. Our liabilities represent our best estimate of our probable future obligations for the investigation
and remediation of known contaminated sites. Our actual future expenditures, however, relating to compliance and cleanup of environmental
conditions at our properties cannot be conclusively determined. The estimate of our environmental costs is based on currently available facts,
present laws and regulations, and current technology and takes into consideration our prior experience in site investigation and remediation,
the data available for each site and the professional judgment of our environmental specialists and consultants. Although recorded liabilities
include our best estimate of all probable costs, our total costs for the final resolution of each site cannot be predicted with certainty due to the
variety of factors that make potential costs associated with contaminated sites inherently uncertain, such as the nature and extent of site
contamination, available remediation alternatives, the extent to which remedial actions will be required, the time period over which costs will be
incurred, the number and economic viability of other responsible parties and whether we have any opportunity of contribution from third parties,
including recovery from insurance policies. Further, sites that are in the early stages of investigation are subject to greater uncertainties than
mature sites that are close to completion.
We have been named as a potentially responsible party, or PRP, at sites identified by the EPA or state regulatory agencies for
investigation and remediation under CERCLA, or comparable state statutes, generally referred to as Superfund sites, including Sylacauga, AL,
North Birmingham, AL, Portland, OR, and Chattanooga, TN. With respect to these Superfund sites for which we have received PRP notices,
we are entitled to contractual indemnity by a third party, subject to the terms of the indemnity provisions contained in the relevant agreement.
Our estimates of current liabilities factor in these indemnification rights and our assessment of the likelihood that the indemnitor will fulfill its
obligations with respect to liabilities relating to such sites. To date, the indemnifying
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party has been fulfilling its indemnification obligation with respect to those Superfund sites, and we have no reason to believe it will not continue
to do so. However, in the future, we can provide no assurance that the
indemnifying party will continue to honor its obligations, or that the existing indemnities will be sufficient to cover the liabilities for such matters.
Available Information
Our web site address is www.forterrabp.com. Information contained on our website or connected thereto does not constitute a part of
this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any other filing we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. We make available
on this web site under the “Investor Relations” section, free of charge, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and
current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file those materials
with, or furnish them to, the SEC. Alternatively, the public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference
Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling
the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information
regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. We also make available free of charge on our website our Corporate
Governance Guidelines, our Code of Ethics, and the Charters of our Audit Committee, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, and
Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our business, operations and financial condition are subject to various risks and uncertainties. We have described below significant
factors that may adversely affect our business, operations, financial performance and condition or industry. You should carefully consider these
factors, together with all of the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in other documents that we file with the SEC, before
making any investment decision about our securities. Adverse developments or changes related to any of the factors listed below could
materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, future prospects and growth.
Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry
Residential and non-residential construction activity is cyclical and influenced by many factors, and any reduction in the activity in
one or both of these markets could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our results of operations can vary materially in response to market conditions and changes in the demand for our products. Historically,
demand for our products has been closely tied to residential construction and non-residential construction activity in the United States and
Eastern Canada. In 2016, approximately 40% of our net sales were generated from residential construction activity and approximately 60% of
our net sales were generated from non-residential construction activity. Our success and future growth prospects depend, to a significant
extent, on conditions in these two end markets and the degree to which these markets are strong in the future.
The construction industry and related markets are cyclical and have in the past been, and may in the future be, materially and adversely
affected by general economic and global financial market conditions. These factors impact not only our business, but those of our customers
and suppliers as well. This influence is true with respect to macroeconomic factors within North America, particularly within our geographic
footprint in the United States and Eastern Canada. For example, in 2008, residential construction and non-residential construction activity in the
United States dipped to historically low levels during the financial crisis. As a result, demand for many of our products in the United States
dropped significantly. The residential and non-residential construction markets in Canada also suffered during this time.
The markets in the construction industry in which we operate are also subject to other more specific factors. Residential construction
activity levels are influenced by and sensitive to a number of factors, including
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mortgage availability, the cost of financing a home (in particular, mortgage terms and interest rates), unemployment levels, household formation
rates, gross domestic product, residential vacancy and foreclosure rates, demand for second homes, existing housing prices, rental prices,
housing inventory levels, building mix between single- and multi-family homes, consumer confidence, seasonal weather factors, the available
labor pool and government policy and incentives. Non-residential construction activity is primarily driven by levels of business investment,
availability of credit and interest rates, as well as many of the factors that impact residential construction activity levels.
We cannot control the foregoing factors and, although construction activity and related spending levels have increased in recent years,
there is still uncertainty regarding the timing and extent of the recovery and whether it will be sustained, and there can be no assurances that
there will not be any future downturns. There can be no assurances regarding whether more recent growth in our markets can be sustained or
if demand will ever return to pre-2008 levels or historical averages. If construction activity in our markets, and more generally, does not continue
to recover, or if there are future downturns, whether locally, regionally or nationally, our business, financial condition and results of operations
could be materially and adversely affected.
Our business is based in significant part on government-funded infrastructure projects and building activities, and any reductions or
re-allocation of spending or related subsidies in these areas could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our business, particularly our Drainage Pipe & Products and Water Pipe & Products segments, depends heavily on government
spending for infrastructure and other similar building activities. In 2016, we estimate approximately 36% of our net sales were generated by
government-funded infrastructure projects. As a result, demand for many of our products is heavily influenced by U.S. federal government fiscal
policies and tax incentives and other subsidies, including those incorporated into the economic stimulus plans implemented in connection with
the financial crisis and the FAST Act. Projects in which we participate are funded directly by governments and privately-funded, but are
otherwise tied to or impacted by government policies and spending measures. Government infrastructure spending and governmental policies
with respect thereto depend primarily on the availability of public funds, which is influenced by many factors, including governmental budgets,
public debt levels, interest rates, existing and anticipated and actual federal, state, provincial and local tax revenues, government leadership
and the general political climate, as well as other general macroeconomic and political factors. In addition, U.S. federal government funds may
only be available based on states’ willingness to provide matching funding. Government spending is often approved only on a short-term basis
and some of the projects in which our products are used require longer-term funding commitments. If government funding is not approved, or
funding is lowered as a result of poor economic conditions, lower than expected revenues, competing spending priorities or other factors, it
could limit infrastructure projects available, increase competition for projects, result in excess inventory and decrease sales, any of which could
adversely affect the profitability of our business.
Additionally, certain regions or states may require or possess the means to finance only a limited number of large infrastructure projects
and periods of high demand may be followed by years of little to no activity. There can be no assurances that governments will sustain or
increase current infrastructure spending and tax incentive and other subsidy levels, and any reductions thereto or delays therein could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We engage in a highly competitive business and any failure to effectively compete could have a material adverse effect on us.
The markets in which we sell our products are highly competitive. We face significant competition from, depending on the segment or
product, domestic and imported products produced by local, regional, national and international building product manufacturers, as well as
privately owned single-site enterprises. Due in part to the costs associated with transporting our products to our customers, many of our sub-
markets are relatively fragmented and include a number of regional competitors. Our primary competitors include Rinker Materials (a former
unit of CEMEX, S.A.B. de C.V.) and Oldcastle, Inc. (a unit of CRH plc) in our Drainage Pipe & Products segment and McWane, Inc. and
American Cast Iron Pipe Company in our Water Pipe & Products segment, particularly with respect to DIP.
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Competition among manufacturers in our markets is based on many factors, but we primarily compete on price. Our competitors may
sell their products at lower prices because, among other things, they possess the ability to manufacture or supply similar products and services
more efficiently or at a lower cost or have built a superior sales or distribution network. Some of our competitors may have access to greater
financial or other resources than we do, which may afford them greater purchasing power, greater production efficiency, increased financial
flexibility or more capital resources for expansion and improvement. In addition, some of our competitors are vertically integrated with suppliers
or distributors and can leverage this structure to their advantage to offer better pricing to customers. Furthermore, our competitors’ actions,
including restoring idled or expanding manufacturing capacity, competition from newly-designed or imported products or the entry of new
competitors into one or more of our markets could cause us to lower prices in an effort to maintain our customer base. Certain of our products,
including gravity pipe, are volume manufacturing products that are widely available from other manufacturers or distributors, with prices and
volumes determined frequently based on participants’ perceptions of short-term supply and demand. Competitive factors, including industry
overcapacity, could also lead to pricing pressures. For example, competitors may choose to pursue a volume policy to continue utilizing their
manufacturing facilities to the detriment of maintaining prices. Excess product supply can result in significant declines in the market prices for
these products, often within a short period of time. As a result, at times, to remain competitive, we may lower the price for any one or more of
our products to or below our production costs, requiring us to sacrifice margins or incur losses. Alternatively, we may choose to forgo product
sales or cease production at one or more of our manufacturing facilities.
In addition to pricing, we also compete based on service, quality, range of products and product availability. Our competitors may be
positioned to provide better service and thereby establish stronger relationships with customers and suppliers. Our competitors may also sell
preferred products, improve the design and performance of their products, develop a more comprehensive product portfolio, be better
positioned to influence end-user product specifications or introduce new products with competitive prices and performance characteristics.
While the majority of our products are not subject to frequent or rapid stylistic changes, trends do evolve over time, and our competitors may do
a better job of predicting market developments or adapt more quickly to new technologies or evolving customer requirements.
We also face competition from substitute building products. For example, storm water pipe can be manufactured from concrete, steel,
high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and potable water transmission infrastructure can be
manufactured using HDPE or PVC. The market share of HDPE and PP pipe, which compete with gravity pipe and pressure pipe for certain
applications, and HDPE and PVC pipe, which compete with DIP for certain applications, have increased in recent years. Governments in the
past have, and may continue in the future, to provide incentives that support or encourage, or in certain instances pass regulations that require,
the consideration of use of substitute products with which we compete. Additionally, new construction techniques and materials will likely be
developed in the future. Increases in customer or market preferences for any of these products could lead to a reduction in demand for our
products.
Any failure by us to compete on price, to develop successful products and strategies or to generally maintain and improve our
competitive position could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Increases in energy and related costs could have a material adverse effect on us.
We use significant amounts of energy, including electricity and natural gas, in the manufacturing, distribution and sale of our products,
and the related expense is significant. While we have benefited from the relatively low cost of electricity and natural gas in recent years, energy
prices have been and may continue to be volatile and these reduced prices may not continue. Proposed or existing government policies,
including those to address climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions or the effects of hydraulic fracturing, a method of exploring
for oil and natural gas, could result in increased energy costs. In addition, factors such as international political and military instability, adverse
weather conditions and other natural disasters may disrupt fuel supplies and increase prices in the future. Although we have hedged energy
positions in the past and we currently hedge a portion of our exposure to electricity and natural gas prices, we may not continue our current
strategy or hedge
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any positions in the future and therefore remain susceptible to energy price increases. Additionally, because we and other manufacturers in our
industry are often responsible for delivering products to the customer, we are further exposed to increased energy prices as a component of our
transportation costs. While we generally attempt to pass increased costs, including higher energy costs, on to our customers, pricing pressure
from our competitors, the market power of our customers or other pricing factors may limit our ability to do so, and any increases in energy
prices could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Decreased availability of or increases in the cost of raw materials could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our ability to offer our products to our customers is dependent upon our ability to obtain adequate supplies of raw materials at
reasonable costs, such as cement, aggregate, steel and iron. Raw material prices and availability, including the forms in which they are
purchased, such as scrap metal, have been volatile in recent years. Many suppliers decreased capacity during the financial crisis. This
decreased capacity, along with strong global demand for certain raw materials, has at times caused and may continue to cause tighter supply
and significant price increases. Factors such as adverse weather conditions and other natural disasters, as well as political and other social
instability, have and will continue to disrupt raw material supplies and impact prices. Suppliers are also subject to their own viability concerns
from economic, market and other pressures.
Although we have agreements with our raw material suppliers, these agreements are generally terminable by either party on limited
notice or contain prices that are based upon the volume of our total purchases. For example, we have historically purchased a substantial
portion of our cement requirements from a subsidiary of HeidelbergCement and have an existing supply agreement with HeidelbergCement to
purchase cement for certain of our facilities as discussed in greater detail in Item 1, “Business.” Though the term of the supply agreement
extends to March 2020, HeidelbergCement may, for any reason and upon 180 days’ notice, reduce the amount of cement it supplies
thereunder or terminate the supply agreement altogether. To the extent the agreement with HeidelbergCement or any of our other raw material
suppliers is terminated or we need to purchase additional cement or other raw materials in the open market, there can be no assurance that we
could timely find alternative sources in reasonable quantities or at reasonable prices. In addition, sudden or unanticipated changes in sources
for certain raw materials, such as cement, may require us to engage in testing of our products for quality assurance, which may cause delays in
our ability to meet production schedule for our customers and timely deliver our products. The inability to obtain any raw materials or
unanticipated changes with respect to our suppliers could negatively impact our ability to manufacture or deliver our products and to meet
customer demands.
We are susceptible to raw material price fluctuations. Prices of the raw materials we use have at times fluctuated in recent years and
may be susceptible to significant price fluctuations in the future. We have hedged our positions with respect to certain raw materials in the past
and may do so in the future, but we currently have no hedging in place and are therefore more susceptible to any short-term price fluctuations.
We generally attempt to pass increased costs, including higher raw material prices, on to our customers, but pricing pressure from our
competitors, the market power of our customers or other pricing factors may limit our ability to pass on such price increases. If we cannot fully-
offset increases in the cost of raw materials through other cost reductions, or recover these costs through price increases or otherwise, we
could experience lower margins and profitability, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
Any inability to successfully implement our growth strategy could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our business plan provides for continued growth through acquisitions and joint ventures. We have grown in large part as a result of our
recent acquisitions, including our acquisitions of Cretex, Sherman-Dixie and U.S. Pipe, and we anticipate continuing to grow in this manner.
Shortly before it was acquired by us, U.S. Pipe had also completed several acquisition transactions of its own. Although we expect to regularly
consider additional strategic transactions in the future, there can be no assurances that we will identify suitable acquisition, joint venture or
other investment opportunities or, if we do, that any transaction can be consummated on acceptable terms. Antitrust or other competition laws
may also limit our ability to acquire, or work collaboratively with, certain businesses or to fully realize the benefits of a prospective acquisition or
joint venture. Furthermore, a significant
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change in our business or the economy, an unexpected decrease in our cash flows or any restrictions imposed by our debt may limit our ability
to obtain the necessary capital or otherwise impede our ability to complete a transaction. Regularly considering strategic transactions can also
divert management’s attention and lead to significant due diligence and other expenses regardless of whether we pursue or consummate any
transaction. Failure to identify suitable transaction partners and to consummate transactions on acceptable terms, as well as the commitment of
time and resources in connection with such transactions, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results
of operations.
The consummation of an acquisition also exposes us to significant risks and additional costs. We may not accurately assess the value,
strengths, weaknesses or potential profitability of an acquisition target. Furthermore, we may not be able to fully or successfully integrate an
acquired business or realize the expected benefits and synergies following an acquisition. Business and operational overlaps may lead to
hidden costs. These costs can include unforeseen pre-acquisition liabilities or the impairment of customer relationships or certain acquired
assets such as inventory and goodwill. We may also incur costs and inefficiencies to the extent an acquisition expands the industries, markets
or geographies in which we operate due to our limited exposure to and experience in a given industry, market or region. Significant acquisitions
may also require that we incur additional debt to finance the transaction, which could be substantial and limit our flexibility in using our cash
flow from operations for other purposes. Acquisitions can also involve post-transaction disputes with the counterparty regarding a number of
matters, including a purchase price or other working capital adjustment or liabilities for which we believe we were indemnified under the
relevant transaction agreements, such as environmental liabilities or pension obligations retained by the seller, including certain environmental
obligations in connection with our U.S. Pipe Acquisition and certain pension obligations we assumed pursuant to the Acquisition and our
acquisition of Cretex. For example, as discussed in greater detail in Item 3, “Legal Proceedings,” we are currently engaged in a dispute with
HeidelbergCement regarding the earn-out provision in the purchase agreement entered into in connection with the Acquisition. We are also
engaged in other indemnification and other post-closing disputes with certain of our transaction counterparties. Our inability to realize the
anticipated benefits of an acquisition as well as other transaction-related issues could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
In July 2012, we entered into a joint venture agreement with Americast, Inc. to form Concrete Pipe & Precast LLC. From time to time, we
may enter into additional joint ventures as part of our growth strategy. The nature of a joint venture requires us to share control with unaffiliated
third parties. If our joint venture partners do not fulfill their contractual and other obligations, the affected joint venture may be unable to operate
according to its business plan, and we may be required to increase our level of commitment. Differences in views among joint venture
participants could also result in delays in business decisions or otherwise, failures to agree on major issues, operational inefficiencies and
impasses, litigation or other issues. Third parties may also seek to hold us liable for the joint ventures’ liabilities. These issues or any other
difficulties that cause a joint venture to deviate from its original business plan could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
Our dependence on key customers with whom we do not have long-term contracts and consolidation within our customers’
industries could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our business is dependent on certain key customers. In 2016, our largest customer accounted for 11% of our net sales. As is customary
in our industry, we do not enter into long-term contracts with many of our customers. As a result, our customers could stop purchasing our
products, reduce their purchase levels or request reduced pricing structures at any time. We may therefore need to adapt our manufacturing,
pricing and marketing strategies in response to a customer who may seek concessions in return for its continued or increased business. In
addition, following the financial crisis, there was significant consolidation in the U.S. homebuilding industry, with many smaller builders going
out of business or being acquired by larger builders, significantly increasing the market share and bargaining power of a limited number of
builders. Any further consolidation in the U.S. homebuilding industry or among any of our other customers could give them significant additional
leverage to negotiate more favorable terms and place greater demands on us. A loss of one or more customers or a meaningful reduction in
their purchases from us or further consolidation within our end markets could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
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Changes in construction activity levels in Texas or Ontario, Canada could have a material adverse effect on us.
We currently conduct a significant portion of our business in Texas, which we estimate represented more than 20% of our 2016 net sales
as well as in Ontario, Canada, which we estimate represented approximately 15% of our 2016 net sales. Residential and non-residential
construction activity, as well as government-funded infrastructure spending in each of these areas has declined from time to time, particularly
as a result of slow economic growth, whether in the energy industry or otherwise. Local economic conditions depend on a variety of factors,
including national economic conditions, local and state budgets, infrastructure spending and the impact of federal cutbacks. In addition, Texas
is susceptible to severe weather and flooding, and Ontario can experience severe and extended winter weather, any of which can interrupt,
delay or otherwise impact the timing of projects. Any decrease in construction activity in Texas or Ontario could have a material adverse effect
on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
A material disruption at one or more of our manufacturing facilities or in our supply chain could have a material adverse effect on us.
We own and operate manufacturing facilities of various ages and levels of automated control and rely on a number of third parties as
part of our supply chain, including for the efficient distribution of products to our customers. Any disruption at one of our manufacturing facilities
or within our supply chain could prevent us from meeting demand or require us to incur unplanned capital expenditures. Older facilities are
generally less energy efficient and are at an increased risk of breakdown or equipment failure, resulting in unplanned downtime. Any unplanned
downtime at our facilities may cause delays in meeting customer timelines, result in liquidated damages claims or cause us to lose or harm
customer relationships. Additionally, we require specialized equipment to manufacture certain of our products, and if any of our manufacturing
equipment fails, the time required to repair or replace this equipment could be lengthy, which could result in extended downtime at the affected
facility. Any unplanned repair or replacement work can also be very expensive. Moreover, manufacturing facilities can unexpectedly stop
operating because of events unrelated to us or beyond our control, including fires and other industrial accidents, floods and other severe
weather events, natural disasters, environmental incidents or other catastrophes, utility and transportation infrastructure disruptions, shortages
of raw materials, and acts of war or terrorism. Work stoppages, whether union-organized or not, can also disrupt operations at manufacturing
facilities. Furthermore, while we are generally responsible for delivering products to the customer and we deliver a small percentage of our
products directly to the customer using our own fleet, we outsource this function to third parties for purposes of delivering the vast majority of
our products. Any shortages in trucking capacity, any increase in the cost thereof or any other disruption to the highway systems could limit our
ability to deliver our products in a timely manner or at all. Any material disruption at one or more of our facilities or those of our customers or
suppliers or otherwise within our supply chain, whether as a result of downtime, facility damage, an inability to deliver our products or
otherwise, could prevent us from meeting demand, require us to incur unplanned capital expenditures or cause other material disruption to our
operations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Delays in construction projects and any failure to manage our inventory could have a material adverse effect on us.
Many of our products are used in water transmission and distribution projects and other large-scale construction projects which generally
require a significant amount of planning and preparation before construction commences. However, construction projects can be delayed and
rescheduled for a number of reasons, including unanticipated soil conditions, adverse weather or flooding, changes in project priorities,
financing issues, difficulties in complying with environmental and other government regulations or obtaining permits and additional time
required to acquire rights-of-way or property rights. These delays or reschedulings may occur with too little notice to allow us to replace those
projects in our manufacturing schedules or to adjust production capacity accordingly, creating unplanned downtime, increased costs and
inefficiencies in our operations and increased levels of obsolete inventory. Additionally, we maintain an inventory of certain products that meet
standard specifications and are ultimately purchased by a variety of end users. We forecast demand for these products to
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ensure that we keep high inventory levels of certain products that we expect to be in high demand and limit our inventory for which we do not
expect much demand. However, our forecasts are not always accurate and unexpected changes in demand for these products, whether
because of a change in preferences or otherwise, can lead to increased levels of obsolete inventory. Any delays in construction projects and
our customers’ orders or any inability to manage our inventory could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and
results of operations.
Any inability to successfully integrate our recent acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on us.
In the past several years we acquired Cretex, Sherman-Dixie and U.S. Pipe, and more recently we have completed several other
acquisitions. In addition, U.S. Pipe completed three acquisitions shortly before being acquired by us. The integration of acquired businesses
can take a significant amount of time and also exposes us to significant risks and additional costs. Integrating these and other acquisitions may
strain our resources. Further, we may have difficulty integrating the operations, systems, controls, procedures or products of acquired
businesses and may not be able to do so in a timely, efficient and cost-effective manner. These difficulties could include:
combining management teams, strategies and philosophies;
• diversion of the attention of our management and that of the acquired business;
•
• merging or linking different accounting and financial reporting systems and systems of internal controls;
• assimilation of personnel, human resources and other administrative departments and potentially contrasting corporate cultures;
• merging computer, technology and other information networks and systems;
•
• disruption of our relationship with, or loss of, key customers, suppliers or personnel;
•
• delays or cost overruns in the integration process.
interference with, or loss of momentum in, our ongoing business or that of the acquired company; and
incurring or guaranteeing additional indebtedness;
We have not fully integrated Cretex, Sherman-Dixie, U.S. Pipe, Precast Concepts, or our most recent acquisitions and may encounter
one or more of the issues discussed above, or others of which we are not yet aware. In particular, we have not yet integrated the accounting
and financial reporting systems of these businesses and are currently evaluating whether, and to what extent, we will do so in the future.
Additionally, U.S. Pipe had recently acquired other businesses prior to their being acquired by us, and the integration of some of those
businesses remains ongoing. Any of these acquisition or other integration-related issues could divert management’s attention and resources
from our day-to-day operations, cause significant disruption to our business and lead to substantial additional costs. Our inability to realize the
anticipated benefits of an acquisition or to successfully integrate acquired companies as well as other transaction-related issues could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Labor disruptions and other union activity could have a material adverse effect us.
As of December 31, 2016, approximately 28% of our workforce was covered by collective bargaining agreements, and approximately
55% of these employees were included in a collective bargaining agreements that expired within one year. If negotiations to renew expiring
collective bargaining agreements are not successful or become unproductive, the union could take actions such as strikes, work slowdowns or
work stoppages. Such actions at any one of our facilities could lead to a plant shut down or a substantial modification to employment terms,
thereby causing us to lose net sales or to incur increased costs. We have not had any recent union-organized work stoppages in the United
States, Canada or Mexico; however, we have experienced one union organizing effort directed at our non-union employees in the past ten
years. There can be no assurances there will not be additional union organizing efforts, strikes, work slowdowns or work stoppages in the
future. Any such disruption, or other issue related to union activity, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and
results of operations.
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A tightening of mortgage lending or mortgage financing requirements or other reductions in the availability of consumer credit or
increases in its cost could have a material adverse effect on us.
We estimate that in 2016, approximately 40% of our net sales were generated from residential construction activity. Most home sales in
the United States and Eastern Canada are financed through mortgage loans, and a significant percentage of renovation and other home repair
activity is financed either through mortgage loans or other available credit. The financial crisis affected the financial position of many consumers
and caused financial institutions to tighten their lending criteria, each of which contributed to a significant reduction in the availability of
consumer credit. The mortgage lending and mortgage finance industries experienced significant instability because of, among other factors, a
decline in property values and an increase in delinquencies, defaults and foreclosures. These developments resulted in a significant reduction
in total new housing starts in the United States and consequently, a reduction in demand for our products in the residential sector. Similarly, the
rate of interest payable on any mortgage or other form of credit will have an impact on the cost of borrowing. While base rates have remained
low in recent years, they have recently begun to rise and may continue to rise in the future. Any increase in interest rates will increase the cost
of borrowing and may make the purchase of a home less attractive. Any future tightening of mortgage lending or other reductions in the
availability of consumer credit or increases in its cost could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
We are in a dispute with HeidelbergCement related to the payment of an earn-out in connection with the Acquisition and any
significant earn-out payment we are required to make could have a material adverse effect on us.
We are currently engaged in a dispute with HeidelbergCement regarding the earn-out provision in the purchase agreement entered into
in connection with the Acquisition. As discussed in greater detail in “Business-Legal Proceedings,” HeidelbergCement has asserted (and has
filed a lawsuit against us asserting) that a payment should be made in the amount of $100.0 million. If it is determined that we are required to
make a significant payment to HeidelbergCement, we may not have sufficient cash to make such payment and may be required to incur
additional indebtedness. We cannot be certain that we will be able to borrow any funds for this purpose under the terms of our existing
indebtedness or on other terms acceptable to us, if at all. If incurred, additional indebtedness will subject us to additional interest expense,
negatively impact our cash flow, increase the risk of a downgrade in our credit rating and could limit our ability to incur other indebtedness or
make further acquisitions.
We are subject to increasingly stringent environmental laws and regulations, and any failure to comply with
any current or future laws or regulations could have a material adverse effect on us.
We are subject to federal, state, provincial, local and foreign laws and regulations governing the protection of the environment and
natural resources, including those governing air emissions, wastewater discharges and the use, storage, discharge, handling, disposal,
transport and cleanup of solid and hazardous materials and wastes. We are required to obtain permits from governmental authorities for certain
operations, and if we expand or modify our facilities or if environmental laws change, we could be required to obtain new or modified permits.
Environmental laws and regulations, including those related to energy use and climate change, tend to become more stringent over
time, and any future laws and regulations could have a material impact on our operations or require us to incur material additional expenses to
comply with any such future laws and regulations. Future environmental laws and regulations may cause us to modify how we manufacture and
price our products or require that we make significant capital investments to comply. For example, our manufacturing processes use a
significant amount of energy, and increased regulation of energy use to address the possible emission of greenhouse gases could materially
increase our manufacturing costs or require us to install emissions control or other equipment at some or all of our manufacturing facilities.
If we fail to comply with any existing or future environmental laws, regulations or permits, we could incur fines, penalties or other
sanctions and suffer reputational harm. In addition, we could be held responsible for costs and damages arising from claims or liabilities under
environmental laws and regulations, including with respect to
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any exposure to hazardous materials or contamination at our facilities or at third-party waste disposal sites. We could also be subject to third-
party claims from individuals if any releases from our property were to cause contamination of the air, soil or groundwater of areas near our
facilities. These laws and regulations may also require us to investigate and, in certain instances, remediate contamination. Some of our sites
have a history of industrial use, and while we apply strict environmental operating standards and undertake extensive environmental due
diligence in relation to our facilities and acquisitions, some soil and groundwater contamination has occurred in the past at a limited number of
sites. As of December 31, 2016, we had accrued approximately $1.7 million for environmental liabilities. Additionally, we cannot completely
eliminate the risk of future contamination. Any costs or other damage related to existing or future environmental laws, regulations or permits or
any violations thereof could expose us to significant financial losses as well as civil and criminal liabilities, any of which could have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to health and safety laws and regulations and any failure to comply with any current or future laws or regulations
could have a material adverse effect on us.
Manufacturing sites are inherently dangerous workplaces. Our sites often put our employees and others in close proximity with large
pieces of mechanized equipment, moving vehicles, chemical and manufacturing processes, heavy products and items and highly regulated
materials. As a result, we are subject to a variety of health and safety laws and regulations dealing with occupational health and safety. Unsafe
work sites have the potential to increase employee turnover and raise our operating costs. Our safety record can also impact our
reputation. We maintain functional groups whose primary purpose is to ensure we implement effective work procedures throughout our
organization and take other steps to ensure the health and safety of our work force, but there can be no assurances these measures will be
successful in preventing injuries, including severe injuries and fatalities, or violations of health and safety laws and regulations. Any failure to
maintain safe work sites or violations of applicable law could expose us to significant financial losses and reputational harm, as well as civil and
criminal liabilities, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The use of our products is often affected by various laws and regulations in the markets in which we operate, any of which may have
a material adverse effect on us.
The use of many of our products is subject to approvals by municipalities, state departments of transportation, engineers and
developers. These approvals and specifications, including building codes, may affect the products our customers or their customers (the end
users) are allowed or choose to use, and, consequently, failure to obtain or maintain such approvals or changes in building codes may affect
the saleability of our products. Changes in applicable regulations governing the sale of some of our products or the failure of any of our
products to comply with such requirements could increase our costs of doing business, reduce sales or otherwise have a material adverse
effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We depend on the services of key executives and any inability to attract and retain key management personnel could have a material
adverse effect on us.
Our key management personnel, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, are important to our success because
they are instrumental in setting our strategic direction, operating our business and identifying expansion opportunities. Additionally, as our
business grows, we may need to attract and hire additional management personnel. We have employment agreements with some members of
senior management; however, we cannot prevent our executives from terminating their employment with us, and any replacements we hire
may not be as effective. Our ability to retain our key management personnel or to attract additional management personnel or suitable
replacements should any members of our management team leave is dependent on a number of factors, including the competitive nature of the
employment market. Any failure to retain key management personnel or to attract additional or suitable replacement personnel could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Any failure to retain and attract additional skilled technical or sales personnel could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our success depends in part on our ability to retain and attract additional skilled employees, particularly engineering and technical
personnel. Without a sufficient number of skilled employees, our operations and manufacturing quality could suffer. The reduction in demand
for products in our industry that occurred during the financial crisis led to a number of skilled workers leaving our industry permanently, reducing
an already limited pool of available and qualified personnel. Our experienced sales team has also developed a number of meaningful customer
relationships that would be difficult to replace. Therefore, competition for qualified technical personnel and operators as well as sales personnel
with established customer relationships is intense, both in retaining our existing employees and when replacing or finding additional suitable
employees. There can be no assurances the labor pool from which we hire our this personnel will increase or remain stable and any failure to
retain our existing technical and sales personnel and other employees or attract additional skilled personnel could have a material adverse
effect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Credit and non-payment risks of our customers, especially during times of economic uncertainty and tight credit markets, could
have a material adverse effect on us.
As is customary in our industry, the majority of our sales are to customers on an open credit basis, with standard payment terms of 30
days. While we generally monitor the ability of our customers to pay these open credit arrangements and limit the credit we extend to what we
believe is reasonable based on an evaluation of each customer’s financial condition and payment history, we may still experience losses
because of a customer’s inability to pay. As a result, while we maintain what we believe to be a reasonable allowance for doubtful receivables
for potential credit losses based upon our historical trends and other available information, there is a risk that our estimates may not be
accurate, particularly in times of economic uncertainty and tight credit markets. Any inability to collect customer receivables or inadequate
provisions for doubtful receivables could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Warranty and related claims could have a material adverse effect on us.
We generally provide warranties on our products against defects in materials and workmanship, the costs of which could be significant.
Many of our products such as gravity pipe are buried underground and incorporated into a larger infrastructure system, such as a city’s or
municipality’s water transmission system, or built into the fabric of a building or dwelling. In most cases, it is difficult to access, repair, recall or
replace these products. Additionally, some of our products, such as our pressure pipe, which is used in nuclear and coal-fired power generation
factories, are used in applications where a product failure or construction defect could result in significant project delay, property damage,
personal injury or death or could require significant remediation expenses. Because our products, including discontinued products, are long
lasting, claims can also arise many years after their manufacture and sale. Additionally, product failures may also arise due to the quality of the
raw materials we purchase from third-party suppliers or the quality of the work performed by our customers, including installation work, matters
for which we have little to no control, but which may still subject us to a warranty claim. We may also assume product warranty or other similar
obligations in acquisition transactions regarding the products sold by the acquired businesses prior to the transaction date for which we are not
indemnified pursuant to the terms of the relevant transaction documentation. Our quality control systems and procedures and those of our
suppliers and customers cannot test for all possible conditions of use or identify all defects in the design, engineering or specifications of one of
our products or the raw materials we use before they are put to their intended purpose. Therefore, there can be no assurances that we will not
supply defective or inferior products that cause product or system failure, which could give rise to potentially extensive warranty and other
claims for damages, as well as negatively impact our reputation and the perception of our product quality and reliability. While we have
established reserves for warranty and related claims that we believe to be reasonable, these claims may exceed our reserves and any such
excess and any negative publicity and other issues related to such claims could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
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Legal and regulatory claims and proceedings could have a material adverse effect on us.
We are subject to claims, litigation and regulatory proceedings in the normal course of business and could become subject to additional
claims in the future, some of which could be material. For example, we have been, and may in the future be, subject to claims for product
liability, construction defects, project delay, personal injury and property and other damages. We have also been subject to allegations
regarding compliance with mandated product specifications. Claims and proceedings, whether or not they have merit and regardless of the
outcome, are typically expensive and can divert the attention of management and other personnel for significant periods of time. Additionally,
claims and proceedings can impact customer confidence and the general public’s perception of our company and products, even if the
underlying assertions are proven to be false. While we have established reserves we believe to be reasonable under the facts known, the
outcomes of litigation and similar disputes are often difficult to reliably predict and may result in decisions or settlements that are contrary to, or
in excess of, our expectations, and losses may exceed our reserves. In addition, various factors and developments could lead us to make
changes in our current estimates of liabilities and related insurance receivables or make new or modified estimates as a result of a judicial
ruling or judgment, settlement, regulatory development or change in applicable law. Any claims or proceedings, particularly those in which we
are unsuccessful or for which we did not establish adequate reserves, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition
and results of operations.
The seasonality of our business and its susceptibility to severe and prolonged periods of adverse weather and other conditions
could have a material adverse effect on us.
Demand for our products in some markets is typically seasonal, with periods of snow or heavy rain negatively affecting construction
activity. For example, sales of our products in Canada and the Northeast and Midwest regions of the United States are somewhat higher from
spring through autumn when construction activity is greatest. Construction activity declines in these markets during the winter months in
particular due to inclement weather, frozen ground and fewer hours of daylight. Construction activity can also be affected in any period by
adverse weather conditions such as hurricanes, severe storms, torrential rains and floods, natural disasters such as fires and earthquakes and
similar events, any of which could reduce demand for our products, push back existing orders to later dates or lead to cancellations.
Furthermore, our ability to deliver products on time or at all to our customers can be significantly impeded by such conditions and events, such
as these described above. Public holidays and vacation periods constitute an additional factor that may exacerbate certain seasonality effects,
as building projects or industrial manufacturing processes may temporarily cease. These conditions, particularly when unanticipated, can leave
both equipment and personnel underutilized. Additionally, the seasonal nature of our business has led to variation in our quarterly results in the
past and may continue to do so in the future. This general seasonality of our business and any severe or prolonged adverse weather conditions
or other similar events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Certain of the contracts in our backlog may be adjusted, canceled or suspended by our customers and, therefore, our backlog is not
necessarily indicative of our future revenues or earnings or, even if performed, a good indicator of our future margins.
As of December 31, 2016, our backlog totaled approximately $560 million. In accordance with industry practice, many of our contracts
are subject to cancellation, reduction, termination or suspension at the discretion of the customer in respect of work that has not yet been
performed. In the event of a project cancellation, we would generally have no contractual right to the total revenue reflected in our backlog, but
instead would collect revenues in respect of all work performed at the time of cancellation as well as all other costs and expenses incurred by
us through such date. Projects can remain in backlog for extended periods of time because of the nature of the project, delays in execution of
the project and the timing of the particular services required by the project. Additionally, the risk of contracts in backlog being canceled,
terminated or suspended generally increases at times, including as a result of periods of widespread macroeconomic and industry slowdown,
weather, seasonality and many of the other factors impacting our business. Many of the contracts in our backlog are subject to changes in the
scope of services to be provided as well as adjustments to the costs relating to the contracts. The revenue for certain contracts included in
backlog are based on estimates. Therefore, the timing of
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performance on our individual contracts can affect greatly our margins and hence, future profitability. There is no assurance that backlog will
actually be realized as revenues in the amounts reported or, if realized, will result in any estimated profits.
Our project-based business requires significant liquidity, and any inability to ensure adequate financing or guarantees for large
projects in the future could have a material adverse effect on us.
The projects in which we participate, particularly in our pressure pipe business, can be capital-intensive and often require substantial
liquidity levels. In line with industry practice, we receive prepayments from our customers as well as milestone payments. However, a change in
prepayment patterns or our inability to obtain third-party guarantees in respect of such prepayments could force us to seek alternative financing
sources, such as bank debt or in the capital markets, which we may not be able to do on terms acceptable to us or at all, any of which could
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
As is customary in some of our sub-markets, we provide our customers with performance guarantees and other guarantee instruments,
such as surety bonds, that guarantee the timely completion of a project pursuant to defined contractual specifications. We also enter into
contractual obligations to pay liquidated damages to our customers for project delays. We are required to make payments under these
contracts, guarantees and instruments if we fail to meet any of the specifications. Some customers require the performance guarantees to be
issued by a reputable and credit worthy financial institution in the form of a letter of credit, surety bond or other financial guarantee. Financial
institutions consider our credit ratings and financial position in the guarantee approval process. Our credit ratings and financial position could
make the process of obtaining guarantees from financial institutions more difficult and expensive. If we cannot obtain such guarantees from
reputable and credit-worthy financial institutions on reasonable terms or at all, we could face higher financing costs or even be prevented from
bidding on or obtaining new projects, and any of these or other related obstacles could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition and results of operations.
Delays or outages in our information technology systems and computer networks could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our manufacturing facilities as well as our sales and service activities depend on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of complex
and sophisticated information technology systems and computer networks, which are subject to failure and disruption. These and other
problems may be caused by system updates, natural disasters, malicious attacks, accidents, power disruptions, telecommunications failures,
acts of terrorism or war, computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins or other similar events. Additionally, because we have grown through
various acquisitions, we have integrated and are integrating a number of disparate information technology systems across our organization,
certain of which may be outdated and due for replacement, further increasing the likelihood of problems. We may in the future replace and
integrate systems, but these updates may not be successful, they may create new issues we currently do not face or they may significantly
exceed our cost estimates.
Furthermore, prior to the Acquisition, we were dependent on HeidelbergCement for a number of corporate and shared services,
including its information technology systems and services. Following the Acquisition through February 2016, HeidelbergCement continued to
provide us with certain of these services under the terms of a transition services agreement. These information technology systems and
services that were previously provided by HeidelbergCement under the transition services agreement are now established internally and, in
part, provided by a third-party service provider. Such systems and services may not however be comparable to those provided under the
transition services agreement, may be insufficient for our needs and may create new issues that we do not currently face.
Any disruption in our information technology systems could interrupt or damage our operations and our ability to meet customer needs
as well as our ability to maintain effective controls. In addition, we could be subject to reputational harm or liability if confidential customer
information is misappropriated from our systems. Despite our security measures and business continuity plans, our systems could be
vulnerable to disruption and any such
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disruption and the resulting fallout could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and our inability to remediate these weaknesses or
otherwise implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, or the inability of our independent registered
public accounting firm to provide an unqualified report thereon, could have a material adverse effect on us.
As a public company, we are required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which require management to certify financial and other information in our quarterly and annual reports and
provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of controls over financial reporting. Though we are required to disclose certain
changes made in our internal control over financial reporting on a quarterly basis, we will not be required to make our first annual assessment
of our internal control over financial reporting or include an attestation of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding the
effectiveness of over financial reporting, in each case pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, until the filing of our Annual Report
on Form 10-K related to full year 2017 financial results.
However, we have identified two material weaknesses, one regarding inventory and one regarding bill and hold transactions, that existed
as of December 31, 2016. These material weaknesses could, among other things, adversely impact our ability to provide timely and accurate
financial information or result in a misstatement of the account balances or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to our
annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. The material weaknesses are described in greater detail in Item
9A, Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
Extensive work still remains to fully-implement and complete our remediation plan with respect to the existing material
weaknesses. These matters have required, and will continue to require, a significant amount of management time and resources and a
significant commitment of external resources, both of which may lead to substantial costs. Further, additional work may be required for our
management to report on, and our independent registered public accounting firm to attest to, the effectiveness of our internal control over
financial reporting, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K related to full year 2018 financial results. To comply with these requirements, we may
need to undertake various additional actions, such as implementing new controls and procedures and hiring additional accounting or internal
audit staff, and incur substantial costs. If we are unsuccessful in implementing or following our remediation plan, or fail to update our internal
controls as our business evolves, we may not be able to, among other things, accurately report our financial condition, results of operations, or
cash flows or maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures.
We may not be able to successfully remediate our existing material weaknesses and we may identify additional material weaknesses
that we may not be able to remediate, in each case, in time to meet the Section 404 compliance deadline. If we are unable to comply with the
requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as and when
required, whether as a result of any failure to remediate our existing material weaknesses, identification of additional material weaknesses in
our internal control over financial reporting or otherwise, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion
as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting or issues an adverse opinion, investors may lose confidence in the
accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock could decline materially.
Sharing our brand name and logo could have a material adverse effect on us.
We share the “Forterra” brand with the operator of HeidelbergCement's former building products business in the United Kingdom, or
Forterra UK, a public company listed on the London FTSE, and, for a limited time, the Bricks Joint Venture. See Item 7. Management's
Discussion And Analysis of Financial Condition And Results Of Operations for more information regarding the Bricks Joint Venture. Forterra UK
is currently controlled by Lone Star and operates solely in the United Kingdom. The Bricks Joint Venture is 50% owned by Lone Star. We have
no control over Forterra UK’s use of the “Forterra” name and logo in Europe, and we have limited control over the
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Bricks Joint Venture's use of the “Forterra” name and logo. The Bricks Joint Venture is licensed to use the "Forterra" name and logo through
August 2018. Any actions or negative publicity related to either of them and their products could have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition and results of operations.
Any inability to protect our intellectual property or claims that we infringe on the intellectual property rights of others could have a
material adverse effect on us.
We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, trade names, confidentiality and nondisclosure clauses and agreements, and other
unregistered rights to define and protect our rights to our brand and the intellectual property used in certain of our products, including the
innovative technologies relating to storm water management acquired in the Bio Clean Acquisition. We also rely on product, industry,
manufacturing and market “know-how” that cannot be registered and may not be subject to any confidentiality or nondisclosure clauses or
agreements. Furthermore, while we have submitted the appropriate applications, we have not yet completed the registration process of the
Forterra brand in all relevant jurisdictions and we are still in the process of applying for certain Bio Clean patents and our rights to the
intellectual property could be challenged by a third party. We cannot guarantee that any of our registered or unregistered intellectual property
rights or our know-how, or claims thereto, will now or in the future successfully protect what we consider to be the intellectual property
underlying our products and business, or that our rights will not be successfully opposed or otherwise challenged. We also cannot guarantee
that each application filed with respect to the Forterra name and the Bio Clean technologies will be approved. To the extent that our
innovations, products and name are not protected by patents or other intellectual property rights, third parties, including competitors, may be
able to commercialize our innovations or products or use our know-how. Additionally, we have faced in the past and may in the future face
claims that we are infringing the intellectual property rights of others. If any of our products are found to infringe the patents or other intellectual
property rights of others, our manufacture and sale of such products could be significantly restricted or prohibited and we may be required to
pay substantial damages or on-going licensing fees. Any inability to protect our intellectual property rights or any misappropriation of the
intellectual property of others could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our foreign operations could have a material adverse effect on us.
We operate production facilities in Canada and Mexico and we are therefore subject to a number of risks specific to these countries.
These risks include social, political and economic instability, unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, tariffs and other trade barriers,
currency exchange fluctuations, acts of war or terrorism and import/export requirements. In addition, we have a limited number of sales to other
foreign jurisdictions, primarily concentrated in the Dominican Republic and Bolivia. Our consolidated financial statements are reported in U.S.
dollars with international transactions being translated into U.S. dollars. If the U.S. dollar strengthens in relation to the Canadian dollar, our U.S.
dollar reported net sales and income will decrease. Additionally, since we incur costs in foreign currencies, fluctuation in those currencies’ value
can negatively impact manufacturing and selling costs. See Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.” There can
be no assurances that any of these factors will not materially impact our production cost or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition and results of operations.
A reduction in or the loss of sales to a key customer could have a material adverse effect on us.
For the year ended December 31, 2016, HD Supply accounted for 11% of our consolidated net sales. Because we do not have binding long-
term purchasing agreements with HD Supply, there can be no assurance that it will continue to purchase products from us at current levels or
at all. If HD Supply reduces, delays or cancels a substantial number of orders or ceases being a customer for any reason, could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Insufficient insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on us.
We maintain property, business interruption, counterparty and liability insurance coverage that we believe is consistent with industry
practice. However, our insurance program does not cover, or may not adequately cover, every potential risk associated with our business and
the consequences thereof. In addition, market conditions or
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any significant claim or a number of claims made by or against us could cause our premiums and deductibles to increase substantially and, in
some instances, our coverage may be reduced or become entirely unavailable. In the future, we may not be able to obtain meaningful
coverage at reasonable rates for a variety of risks, including certain types of environmental hazards and ongoing regulatory compliance. In
addition, we self-insure a portion of our exposure to certain employee benefit matters, including employee health care claims of up to $500,000
per covered individual per year and wage-payment obligations for short-term disability. If our insurance coverage is insufficient, if we are not
able to obtain sufficient coverage in the future, or if we are exposed to significant losses as a result of the risks for which we self-insure, any
resulting costs or liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The terms of our debt could have a material adverse effect on us.
Risks Relating to our Indebtedness
We have substantial debt and may incur additional debt. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately $1,096.0 million of total debt,
net of debt issuance costs and original issue discount. Our credit facility contains a number of significant restrictions and covenants that
generally restrict our business and limit our ability to, among other things:
incur or guarantee additional indebtedness;
• dispose of certain assets;
•
• enter into new lines of business;
• make investments, intercompany loans or certain payments in respect of indebtedness;
•
• enter into transactions with affiliates;
• engage in certain sale and leaseback transactions;
• declare or pay dividends and make other restricted payments, including the repurchase or redemption of our stock; and
• engage in mergers, consolidations, liquidations and certain asset sales.
incur or maintain certain liens;
The credit facility also requires us to maintain certain financial ratios. See Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations” for more information regarding the terms of our credit facility.
These and other similar provisions in these and other documents could have adverse consequences on our business and to our
investors because they limit our ability to take these actions even if we believe that a specific transaction would contribute to our future growth
or improve our operating results. For example, these restrictions could limit our flexibility in planning for or reacting to changes in our business
and our industry, thereby inhibiting our ability to react to markets and potentially making us more vulnerable to downturns. These restrictions
could also require that, based on our level of indebtedness, a significant portion of our cash flow from operations be used to make interest
payments, thereby reducing the cash flow available for working capital, to fund capital expenditures or other corporate purposes and to
generally grow our business. Furthermore, these restrictions could prevent us from pursuing a strategic transaction that we believe is in the
best interests of our company and our stockholders.
Under the terms of a U.S. master lease, we have leased certain U.S. properties through April 4, 2036 at a cost of approximately $13.4
million per annum, payable monthly, subject to an annual 2.0% increase. Under the terms of a Canadian master lease, we have leased certain
Canadian properties through April 4, 2036 at a cost of $3.5 million (CAD) per annum. Each of these master lease agreements contain certain
restrictions and covenants that limit, among other things, our use of and ability to sublease or discontinue use of the leased properties. [See
note 14, Sale-Leaseback Transaction, in the consolidated financial statements].
Our ability to comply with these provisions may be affected by events beyond our control. A breach of any of these provisions or any
inability to comply with mandated financial ratios could result in a default, in which case the lenders may have the right to declare all borrowings
to be immediately due and payable. If we are unable to repay any borrowings when due, whether at maturity or if declared due and payable
following a default, the
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lenders would have the right to proceed against the pledged collateral securing the indebtedness. Therefore, the restrictions under our credit
facility and any breach of the covenants or failure to otherwise comply with the terms of the credit facility could have a material adverse effect
on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our current indebtedness and any future indebtedness we may incur could have a material adverse effect on us.
We expect that we will depend primarily on cash generated by our operations to pay our expenses and any amounts due under our
credit facility and any other indebtedness we may incur. However, our business may not generate sufficient cash flows from operations in the
future and our currently anticipated growth in revenues and cash flows may not be realized, either or both of which could result in us being
unable to repay indebtedness or our inability to fund other liquidity or strategic needs. Our ability to make these payments depends on our
future performance, which will be affected by financial, business, economic and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. If we do
not have sufficient liquidity, we may be required to refinance all or part of our then existing debt, sell assets or borrow more money.
If we incur additional indebtedness, the risks related to our indebtedness that we currently face could intensify. In addition to the risk of
higher interest rates and fees, the non-economic terms of any additional indebtedness may contain covenants and other terms restricting our
financial, operating and strategic flexibility to an equal or greater extent as those imposed by our credit facility. Additional indebtedness may
also include cross-default provisions such that, if we breach a restrictive covenant with respect to any of our indebtedness, or an event of
default occurs, lenders may be entitled to accelerate all amounts owing under other outstanding indebtedness.
If we are required to refinance our indebtedness or otherwise incur additional indebtedness to fund strategic transactions or otherwise,
any additional financing may not be available on terms favorable to us or at all. If, at such time, market conditions are materially different or our
credit profile has deteriorated, the cost of refinancing our debt may be significantly higher than our indebtedness existing at that time, or we
may not be able to refinance our debt at all. Any failure to meet any future debt service obligations or any inability to obtain any additional
financing on terms acceptable to us or to comply therewith could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results
of operations.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
Because our common stock has only recently started trading in the public market, the trading market for our common stock may not
be sustained and the trading price of our common stock may be volatile and could decline substantially.
Prior to the initial public offering of our common stock in October 2016, there had been no market for shares of our common stock.
Although our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, or NASDAQ, under the symbol “FRTA,” an active trading market
for the shares of our common stock may not be sustained. Accordingly, no assurance can be given as to the following:
• the likelihood that an active trading market for shares of our common stock will be sustained;
• the liquidity of any such market;
• the ability of our stockholders to sell their shares of common stock; or
• the price that our stockholders may obtain for their common stock.
If an active market is not maintained, the market price of our common stock may decline and you may not be able to sell your shares.
Even in an active trading market for our common stock, the market price of our common stock may be highly volatile and subject to wide
fluctuations.
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Some of the factors that could negatively affect the market price of our common stock or result in significant fluctuations in price,
regardless of our actual operating performance, include:
• actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results;
• changes in market valuations of similar companies;
• changes in the markets in which we operate;
• additions or departures of key personnel;
• actions by stockholders, including the sale by Lone Star of any of its shares of our common stock;
• speculation in the press or investment community;
• general market, economic and political conditions, including an economic slowdown;
• uncertainty regarding economic events, including in Europe in connection with the United Kingdom’s possible departure from the
European Union;
• changes in interest rates;
• our operating performance and the performance of other similar companies;
• our ability to accurately project future results and our ability to achieve those and other industry and analyst forecasts; and
• new legislation or other regulatory developments that adversely affect us, our markets or our industry.
Furthermore, in recent years, the stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has had a
significant impact on the market price of securities issued by many companies, including companies in our industry, and often occurs without
regard to the operating performance of the affected companies. Therefore, factors that have little or nothing to do with us could cause the price
of our common stock to fluctuate, and these fluctuations or any fluctuations related to our company could cause the market price of our
common stock to decline materially.
Our future operating results may fluctuate significantly and our current operating results may not be a good indication of our future
performance. Fluctuations in our quarterly financial results could affect our stock price in the future.
Our revenues and operating results have historically varied from period to period and we expect that they will continue to do so as a
result of a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including the cyclicality and seasonality of our industry. If our quarterly
financial results fail to meet the expectations of securities analysts and investors, our stock price could be negatively affected. Any volatility in
our quarterly financial results may make it more difficult for us to raise capital in the future or pursue acquisitions that involve issuances of our
stock. Our operating results for prior periods may not be effective predictors of future performance.
The coverage of our business or our common stock by securities or industry analysts or the absence thereof could adversely affect
our stock price and trading volume.
The trading market for our common stock is influenced in part by the research and other reports that industry or securities analysts may
publish about us or our business. We currently have, but may not be able to continue, research coverage by industry or financial analysts. If
analysts do not continue coverage of us, the trading price and volume of our stock would likely be negatively impacted. Even if analyst
coverage continues, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock, or if analysts issue other unfavorable commentary or
inaccurate research, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly
publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
Lone Star may have conflicts of interest with other stockholders and may limit your ability to influence corporate matters.
Lone Star beneficially owns approximately 70.3% of our outstanding common stock. As a result of this concentration of stock ownership,
Lone Star acting on its own has sufficient voting power to effectively control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including
director elections and proposed amendments to our
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bylaws or certificate of incorporation. Seven of the eleven members of our board of directors are employees or affiliates of Lone Star.
In addition, this concentration of ownership may delay or prevent a merger, consolidation or other business combination or change in
control of our company and make some transactions that might otherwise give you the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-
prevailing market price of our common stock more difficult or impossible without the support of Lone Star. Because we have opted out of
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or the DGCL, regulating certain business combinations with interested stockholders,
Lone Star may transfer control of us to a third party, which may limit the price that investors are willing to pay in the future for shares of our
common stock. After the restrictions imposed by the lock-up agreement entered into in connection with our initial public offering expire, or to the
extent they are waived, Lone Star will be able to transfer control of us to a third-party by transferring its common stock, which would not require
the approval of our board of directors or other stockholders. The interests of Lone Star may not always coincide with our interests as a
company or the interests of other stockholders. Accordingly, Lone Star could cause us to enter into transactions or agreements of which you
would not approve or make decisions with which you would disagree. This concentration of ownership may also adversely affect our share
price.
Lone Star is in the business of making investments in companies and may from time to time acquire and hold interests in businesses
that compete directly or indirectly with us, although it does not currently hold any such interests. Lone Star may also pursue acquisition
opportunities that may be complementary to our business, and as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. In
recognition that principals, members, directors, managers, partners, stockholders, officers, employees and other representatives of Lone Star
and its affiliates and investment funds may serve as our directors or officers, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides,
among other things, that none of Lone Star or any principal, member, director, manager, partner, stockholder, officer, employee or other
representative of Lone Star has any duty to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the same or similar business activities or lines of
business that we do. In the event that any of these persons or entities acquires knowledge of a potential transaction or matter which may be a
corporate opportunity for itself and us, we will not have any expectancy in such corporate opportunity, and these persons and entities will not
have any duty to communicate or offer such corporate opportunity to us and may pursue or acquire such corporate opportunity for themselves
or direct such opportunity to another person. These potential conflicts of interest could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition and results of operations if, among other things, attractive corporate opportunities are allocated by Lone Star to themselves or their
other affiliates.
Lone Star may also have conflicts of interest with the Company and other stockholders as a result of its status as a party to the tax
receivable agreement. For example, the tax receivable agreement entered into with Lone Star at the time of our initial public offering gives us
the right to terminate the tax receivable agreement with approval of a majority of our independent directors and with Lone Star’s consent by
making a payment equal to the present value of future payments under the tax receivable agreement (based on certain assumptions and
deemed events in the agreement, including those relating to our and our subsidiaries’ future taxable income). Lone Star may determine to
withhold its consent to terminate the tax receivable agreement at a time when such a termination would be favorable to us and the other
stockholders. Furthermore, the tax receivable agreement prohibits us from settling any tax audit without Lone Star’s consent (not to be
unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed) if the outcome of the audit is reasonably expected to affect Lone Star’s rights under the tax
receivable agreement. Therefore, Lone Star may determine to withhold consent to a settlement that reduces the payments Lone Star will
receive under the tax receivable agreement, even though the settlement might be favorable to us and our stockholders.
We will be required to pay Lone Star for certain tax benefits, and these amounts are expected to be material.
We entered into a tax receivable agreement with Lone Star that provides for the payment by us to Lone Star of 85% of the amount of
cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. income tax that we and our subsidiaries realize (or in some circumstances are
deemed to realize) as a result of the utilization of certain tax benefits, together with interest accrued at a rate of LIBOR plus 100 basis points
from the date the applicable tax
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return is due (without extension) until paid. These tax benefits, which we collectively refer to as the Covered Tax Benefits, include: (i) all
depreciation and amortization deductions, and any offset to taxable income and gain or increase to taxable loss, resulting from the tax basis
that we have in our assets as of the time of the consummation of our initial public offering, (ii) the utilization of our and our subsidiaries’ net
operating losses and tax credits, if any, attributable to periods prior to our initial public offering, (iii) deductions in respect of payments made,
funded or reimbursed by an initial party to the tax receivable agreement (other than us or one of our subsidiaries) or an affiliate thereof to
participants under the LSF9 Concrete Holdings Ltd Long Term Incentive Plan, or the LTIP, (iv) deductions in respect of transaction expenses
attributable to the U.S. Pipe Acquisition and (v) certain other tax benefits attributable to payments made under the tax receivable agreement.
The tax receivable agreement will remain in effect until all Covered Tax Benefits have been used or expired, unless the agreement is
terminated early, as described below.
We expect that the payments we make under the tax receivable agreement could be substantial. Assuming no material changes in the
relevant tax law, and that we and our subsidiaries earn sufficient income to realize the full tax benefits subject to the tax receivable agreement,
we currently estimate that future payments under the agreement will aggregate to approximately $160.8 million. This amount excludes any
payments that may be made to Lone Star under the tax receivable agreement as a result of tax benefits recognized in connection with
payments under the LTIP and, thus, the actual payments we ultimately are required to make under the tax receivable agreement could be
greater, potentially materially greater, than these amounts. These payment obligations are our obligations and are not obligations of any of our
subsidiaries. Furthermore, these payment obligations are not conditioned upon Lone Star maintaining a continued direct or indirect ownership
interest in us. The actual utilization of Covered Tax Benefits as well as the timing of any payments under the tax receivable agreement will vary
depending upon a number of factors, including the amount, character and timing of our and our subsidiaries’ taxable income in the future.
We will not be reimbursed for any payments made to Lone Star under the tax receivable agreement in the event that the tax benefits
are disallowed.
Lone Star will not reimburse us for any payments previously made under the tax receivable agreement if such benefits are subsequently
disallowed upon a successful challenge by the Internal Revenue Service, although future payments under the agreement would be adjusted to
the extent possible to reflect the result of such disallowance. As a result, in certain circumstances, payments could be made under the tax
receivable agreement in excess of our cash tax savings if any, from the Covered Tax Benefits, and we may not be able to recoup those
payments, which could adversely affect our liquidity.
In certain cases, payments made by us under the tax receivable agreement may be accelerated and/or significantly exceed the actual
benefits we realize in respect of the Covered Tax Benefits.
The term of the tax receivable agreement will continue until all Covered Tax Benefits have been utilized or expired, unless we exercise
our right to terminate the agreement with Lone Star’s consent, we breach any of our material obligations under the agreement or certain credit
events occur with respect to us, in any of which cases we will be required to make an accelerated payment to Lone Star equal to the present
value of future payments under the tax receivable agreement. Such payment would be based on certain assumptions, including, among others,
that we and our subsidiaries would generate sufficient taxable income and tax liability to fully utilize all Covered Tax Benefits. The tax
receivable agreement also provides that upon certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations or other changes of control,
our (or our successor’s) payments under the tax receivable agreement for each taxable year after any such event would be based on certain
valuation assumptions, including the assumption that we and our subsidiaries have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the Covered Tax
Benefits. Accordingly, payments under the tax receivable agreement may be made years in advance of the actual realization, if any, of the
anticipated future tax benefits and may be significantly greater than the benefits we realize in respect of the Covered Tax Benefits.
Even if the payments under the tax receivable agreement are not accelerated as described above, such payments may be significantly
greater than the benefits we realize in respect of the Covered Tax Benefits, due to
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the manner in which payments are calculated under the tax receivable agreement. For example, for purposes of calculating the payments to be
made to Lone Star:
•
•
it is assumed that we will pay effective state and local taxes at a rate of 5%, even though our actual effective state and local tax rate
may be materially lower;
tax benefits existing at the time of our initial public offering are deemed to be utilized before any post-closing/after-acquired tax
benefits and, as a result, we could be required to make payments to Lone Star for a particular tax year even if our tax liability for such
year would have been materially reduced or eliminated by reason of our utilization of the post-initial public offering/after-acquired tax
benefits;
• a non-taxable transfer of assets by us to a non-consolidated entity is treated under the tax receivable agreement as a taxable sale at
fair market value and, as a result, we could be required to make payments to Lone Star even though such non-taxable transfer would
not generate any actual tax benefits to us or our non-consolidated entity; and
• a taxable sale or other taxable transfer of subsidiary stock by us (in cases where the subsidiary’s tax basis in its assets exceeds our
tax basis in the subsidiary’s stock) is treated under the tax receivable agreement as a taxable sale of the subsidiary’s assets and, as a
result, we could be required to make payments to Lone Star that materially exceed the actual tax benefit we realize from such stock
sale.
Because of the foregoing, our obligations under the tax receivable agreement could have a substantial negative impact on our liquidity
and could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations or other
changes of control.
Certain provisions of the tax receivable agreement limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness, which could adversely affect our
business and growth strategy.
For so long as the tax receivable agreement remains outstanding, without the prior written consent of Lone Star (not to be unreasonably
withheld, conditioned or delayed), (a) we will be prohibited from entering into any agreement that would be materially more restrictive with
respect to our ability to make payments under the tax receivable agreement than the terms of our credit agreement and (b) we will be
prohibited from incurring any indebtedness for borrowed money if, immediately after giving effect to such incurrence and the application of
proceeds therefrom, our consolidated net leverage ratio - the ratio of consolidated funded indebtedness for borrowed money less unrestricted
cash to consolidated EBITDA - would exceed a certain specified ratio, in each case as calculated pursuant to the tax receivable agreement,
unless the incurrence of such indebtedness is permitted by the terms of our credit agreement or any replacement credit agreements to the
extent the terms thereof are no less restrictive in this regard than the applicable credit agreement it replaced. These restrictions on the
incurrence of debt could adversely affect our business, including by preventing us from pursuing an acquisition or other strategic transaction
that we believe is in the best interests of our company and our stockholders, thereby impeding our growth strategy. Lone Star has no fiduciary
duties to us when deciding whether to enforce these covenants under the tax receivable agreement. Furthermore, the provision in the tax
receivable agreement that requires that we make an accelerated payment to Lone Star equal to the present value of all future payments due
under the tax receivable agreement if we breach any of our material obligations under the agreement or certain credit events occur with respect
to us might make it harder for us to obtain financing from third party lenders on favorable terms.
We would be required to make tax gross-up payments to Lone Star if we consummate a corporate inversion or similar transaction
that causes payments under the tax receivable agreement to be subject to withholding taxes.
If we were to consummate a change of control transaction that causes us (or our successor) to become a non-U.S. person (e.g., a
corporate inversion transaction), and such transaction causes payments under the tax receivable agreement to become subject to withholding
taxes, we would be required under the tax receivable agreement to make tax gross-up payments to Lone Star in respect of such withholding
taxes in amounts that may exceed the tax savings realized by the Company from the Covered Tax Benefits. Any such tax gross-up payments
could have a negative impact on our liquidity and our ability to finance our growth.
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We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of NASDAQ rules and, as a result, qualify for, and are relying on, exemptions from
certain corporate governance requirements.
Lone Star controls a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock. As a result, we area “controlled company” within the
meaning of the NASDAQ corporate governance standards. Under the relevant NASDAQ rules, a company of which more than 50% of the
voting power is held by a person or group is a “controlled company” and need not comply with certain requirements, including the requirement
that a majority of the board of directors consist of independent directors and the requirements that the compensation and nominating and
corporate governance committees be composed entirely of independent directors. We are utilizing these exemptions and, for so long as Lone
Star controls a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock, we intend to continue to utilize these exemptions. As a result,
among other things, we do not have a majority of independent directors and our compensation and nominating and corporate governance
committees do not consist entirely of independent directors. Accordingly, you will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of
companies that are subject to all of the applicable NASDAQ corporate governance requirements.
Future sales of our common stock in the public market could cause our stock price to fall.
Lone Star beneficially owns approximately 70.3% of our outstanding shares of common stock . Additionally, we, Lone Star, and our
officers and directors have signed lock-up agreements with the underwriters that, subject to certain exceptions, restrict the sale of shares of our
common stock held by them for 180 days following the date of the pricing of our initial public offering. The underwriters may, without notice
except in certain limited circumstances, release all or any portion of the shares of common stock subject to lock-up agreements. The market
price of our common stock may decline materially when these restrictions on resale by Lone Star and our other affiliates lapse or if they are
waived.
Upon the expiration of the lock-up agreements, all shares held by our affiliates will be eligible for resale in the public market, subject to
applicable securities laws, including the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. Therefore, unless shares owned by any of
our affiliates are registered under the Securities Act, these shares may only be resold into the public markets in accordance with the
requirements of an exemption from registration or safe harbor, including Rule 144 and the volume limitations, manner of sale requirements and
notice requirements thereof. Lone Star is an affiliate of ours based on their share ownership and representation on our board of directors.
Pursuant to the terms of a registration rights agreement between Lone Star and us, Lone Star has the right to demand that we register
its shares under the Securities Act as well as the right to include its shares in any registration statement that we file with the SEC, subject to
certain exceptions. Any registration of Lone Star’s shares would enable those shares to be sold in the public market, subject to certain
restrictions in the registration rights agreement and the restrictions under the lock-up agreements referred to above. Any sale by Lone Star or
other affiliates or any perception in the public markets that such a transaction may occur could cause the market price of our common stock to
decline materially.
We filed a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act registering shares under our stock incentive plan. Subject to the
terms of the awards pursuant to which these shares may be granted and except for shares held by affiliates who will be subject to the resale
restrictions described above, the shares issuable pursuant to our stock incentive plan will be available for sale in the public market.
We have issued, and in the future we expect to issue, options, restricted stock and other forms of stock-based compensation, which
have the potential to dilute stockholder value and cause the price of our common stock to decline.
We have issued, and in the future expect to issue, stock based awards, including stock options, restricted stock and other forms of
stock-based compensation to our directors, officers and employees. If any options that we have issued or may issue are exercised, or any
restricted stock or other awards that we have issued or may issue vests, and the shares of common stock are sold into the public market, the
market price of our common stock may
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decline. In addition, the availability of shares of common stock for award under our equity incentive plan, or the grant of stock options, restricted
stock or other forms of stock-based compensation, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
We have no present intention to pay dividends on our common stock.
We have no present intention to pay dividends on our common stock. Any determination to pay dividends to holders of our common
stock will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon many factors, including our financial condition, results of
operations, projections, liquidity, earnings, legal requirements, restrictions in our credit facility and agreements governing any other
indebtedness we may enter into and other factors that our board of directors deems relevant. Accordingly, holders of our common stock may
need to sell their shares to realize a return on their investment, and may not be able to sell their shares at or above the price paid for them.
Our ability to raise capital in the future may be limited.
Our business and operations may consume resources faster than we anticipate. In the future, we may need to raise additional funds
through the issuance of new equity securities, debt or a combination of both. However, the lapse or waiver of the lock-up restrictions discussed
above or any sale or perception of a possible sale by Lone Star, and any related decline in the market price of our common stock, could impair
our ability to raise capital. Separately, additional financing may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. If adequate funds are not available
on acceptable terms, we may be unable to fund our capital requirements. If we issue new debt securities, the debt holders would have rights
senior to common stockholders to make claims on our assets, and the terms of any debt could restrict our operations, including our ability to
pay dividends on our common stock. If we issue additional equity securities, existing stockholders will experience dilution, and the new equity
securities could have rights senior to those of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on
market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings.
Thus, our stockholders bear the risk of our future securities offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting their interest.
We are a holding company and depend on the cash flow of our subsidiaries.
We are a holding company with no material assets other than the equity interests of our subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries conduct
substantially all of our operations and own substantially all of our assets and intellectual property. Consequently, our cash flow and our ability to
meet our obligations and pay any future dividends to our stockholders depends upon the cash flow of our subsidiaries and their ability to make
payments, directly or indirectly, to us in the form of dividends, distributions and other payments. Any inability on the part of our subsidiaries to
make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Provisions of our amended and restated governing documents, Delaware law and other documents could discourage, delay or
prevent a merger or acquisition at a premium price.
Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may have the effect of delaying or
preventing a change of control or changes in our management. For example, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and
amended and restated bylaws include provisions that:
• permit us to issue, without stockholder approval, preferred stock in one or more series and, with respect to each series, fix the number
of shares constituting the series and the designation of the series, the voting powers, if any, of the shares of the series and the
preferences and other special rights, if any, and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions, of the shares of the series;
• prevent stockholders from calling special meetings;
•
restrict the ability of stockholders to act by written consent after such time as Lone Star owns less than a majority of our common
stock;
limit the ability of stockholders to amend our certificate of incorporation and bylaws;
•
32
Table of Contents
require advance notice for nominations for election to the board of directors and for stockholder proposals;
•
• do not permit cumulative voting in the election of our directors, which means that the holders of a majority of our common stock may
elect all of the directors standing for election; and
• establish a classified board of directors with staggered three-year terms.
These provisions may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition of our company, including a transaction in which the
acquirer may offer a premium price for our common stock.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation includes an exclusive forum clause, which could limit our stockholders’ ability
to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum,
the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including any beneficial owner) to bring (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our
behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, or employees to us or to our
stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, or our certificate of incorporation or bylaws, or
(iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, will be a state court located within the State of Delaware (or, if no
state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware); in all cases subject to
such court having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise
acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock is deemed to have notice of and consented to the foregoing provisions. The exclusive forum
clause may limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us. It is also possible that, notwithstanding such
exclusive forum clause, a court could rule that such a provision is inapplicable or unenforceable. See “Description of Capital Stock-Exclusive
Forum Clause.”
We incur increased costs and obligations as a result of being a publicly-traded company.
As a company with publicly-traded securities, we are subject to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
or the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, NASDAQ listing requirements
of the applicable stock exchange and other applicable securities rules and regulations. These rules and regulations require that we maintain
controls and procedures and disclosure, corporate governance and other practices, thereby significantly increasing our legal, financial and
other compliance costs as compared to when we were a private company. These obligations also make other aspects of our business more
difficult, time-consuming or costly and increase demand on our personnel, systems and other resources. For example, to maintain and improve
the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, we will need to continue to commit
significant resources, hire additional staff and provide additional management oversight. Furthermore, as a result of disclosure of information in
our Exchange Act and other filings required of a public company, our business and financial condition has become more visible, which we
believe may give some of our competitors who may not be similarly required to disclose this type of information a competitive advantage. In
addition to these added costs and burdens, if we are unable to satisfy our obligations as a public company, we could be subject to delisting of
our common stock, fines, sanctions, other regulatory actions and civil litigation, any of which could negatively affect the price of our common
stock.
Being a public company and these new rules and regulations make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability
insurance. Potential liability associated with serving on a public company’s board could make it difficult for us to attract and retain qualified
members of our board of directors, particularly to serve on our audit committee and compensation committee, and qualified executive officers.
Our minimal public company operating experience may make it difficult to forecast and evaluate our future prospects. If we are unable to
execute our business strategy, either as a result of our inability to effectively manage our business in a public company environment or for any
other reason, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may be harmed, which could cause our stock price to
decline.
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Table of Contents
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
We have a broad network of 93 manufacturing facilities in the United States, including 13 fabrication plants. We also have six
manufacturing facilities in Canada and one in Mexico. Our headquarters is located in Irving, Texas. We also receive income from the 14 plants
associated with CP&P. Please see note 20 to our consolidated financial statements for certain financial information regarding the United States
and Canada.
The following tables set forth certain information regarding our manufacturing facilities as of March 21, 2017:
Facility Name
City
State/Province
Ownership
Drainage Pipe & Products (69 plants)
Caldwell
Salt Lake City
Montgomery
Pelham
El Mirage
Little Rock
West Memphis
Florin Road (2 plants)
Deland Precast
Gretna
Marianna
Winter Haven Pipe
Athens Precast
Rome
La Place
New Orleans
St. Martinville
Como
Hattiesburg (2 plants)
Jackson Northside
Columbus
Dayton - Dixie
Macedonia
Oklahoma City
Austin Pipe
Cedar Hill Pipe
Grand Prairie (2 plants)
Jersey Village (3 plants)
Waco
Caldwell
Salt Lake City
Montgomery
Pelham
El Mirage
Little Rock
West Memphis
Sacramento
Deland
Gretna
Marianna
Winter Haven
Athens
Rome
La Place
New Orleans
St. Martinville
Como
Hattiesburg
Jackson
Columbus
Dayton
Macedonia
Oklahoma City
Austin
Cedar Hill
Grand Prairie
Houston
Hewitt
34
Idaho
Utah
Alabama
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
Arkansas
California
Florida
Florida
Florida
Florida
Georgia
Georgia
Louisiana
Louisiana
Louisiana
Mississippi
Mississippi
Mississippi
Ohio
Ohio
Ohio
Oklahoma
Texas
Texas
Texas
Texas
Texas
Owned
Owned
Leased
Owned
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Owned
Owned
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Table of Contents
Facility Name
Ottawa
Cambridge
Franklin
Lexington
Chattanooga
Lenoir City
Elizabethtown
Hermitage
Louisville
Cullman
Billings
Bonner Springs
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Elk River
Hawley
Helena
Humboldt
Iowa Falls
Lawrence
Marshalltown
Menoken
Mitchell
Plattsmouth
Rapid City
Shakopee
Henderson (2 plants)
Grand Junction
Waxahachie
Lubbock
Stacy
Green Cove Springs
Riverside
Oceanside
Water Pipe & Products (24 plants)
St. Eustache Pressure Pipe
Stouffville
Uxbridge
Grand Prairie
Lubbock Pressure Pipe
Palatka
South Beloit Pressure Pipe
City
Gloucester
Cambridge
Franklin
Lexington
Chattanooga
Lenoir City
Elizabethtown
Hermitage
Louisville
Cullman
Billings
Bonner Springs
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Elk River
Hawley
Helena
Humboldt
Iowa Falls
Lawrence
Marshalltown
Menoken
Mitchell
Plattsmouth
Rapid City
Shakopee
Henderson
Grand Junction
Waxahachie
Lubbock
Stacy
Green Cove Springs
Menifee
Oceanside
St. Eustache
Stouffville
Uxbridge
Grand Prairie
Lubbock
Palatka
South Beloit
35
State/Province
Ontario
Ontario
Tennessee
Kentucky
Tennessee
Tennessee
Kentucky
Tennessee
Kentucky
Alabama
Montana
Kansas
Iowa
Iowa
Minnesota
Minnesota
Montana
Iowa
Iowa
Kansas
Iowa
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
South Dakota
Minnesota
Colorado
Colorado
Texas
Texas
Minnesota
Florida
California
California
Quebec
Ontario
Ontario
Texas
Texas
Florida
Illinois
Ownership
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Owned
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Owned
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Owned
Owned
Owned
Owned
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Owned
Leased
Table of Contents
Facility Name
Bakewell Pressure Pipe
Bessemer (2 plants)
Mini Mill
Union City
Lynchburg
Monterrey, Mexico
Rogers
Remington
Ottawa
Marysville
Warren
Ephrata
Phoenix
Orlando
Gainesville
San Antonio
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
City
Bakewell
Bessemer
Bessemer
Union City
Lynchburg
Monterrey
Rogers
Remington
Ottawa
Marysville
Warren
Ephrata
Phoenix
Orlando
Gainesville
San Antonio
State/Province
Tennessee
Alabama
Alabama
California
Virginia
Mexico
Minnesota
Virginia
Kansas
California
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Arizona
Florida
Georgia
Texas
Ownership
Leased
Owned
Owned
Owned
Owned
Owned
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
Leased
We have been from time to time, and may in the future become, party to litigation or other legal proceedings that we consider to be part
of the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently involved in any legal proceedings that we believe could reasonably be expected to
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or our results of operations. We may become involved in material legal
proceedings in the future. See note 15 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
The purchase agreement entered into with HeidelbergCement in connection with the Acquisition requires us to make an earnout
payment to HeidelbergCement if and to the extent the financial results of the businesses acquired by Lone Star in the Acquisition, including
ours and that of Forterra UK, exceeded a specified adjusted EBITDA target for fiscal year 2015, as calculated pursuant to the terms of the
purchase agreement. If such adjusted EBITDA calculation exceeds the specified target, we would be required to pay HeidelbergCement an
amount equal to a multiple of such excess adjusted EBITDA, with any payment capped at $100 million. On April 14, 2016, we provided an
earnout statement to HeidelbergCement demonstrating that no payment was required. On June 13, 2016, HeidelbergCement notified us that it
is disputing, among other things, our calculation of adjusted EBITDA under the purchase agreement and asserting that a payment should be
made in the amount of$100 million. On October 5, 2016, affiliates of HeidelbergCement filed a lawsuit in the Delaware Court of Chancery,
seeking specific performance and claiming access to our books, records, and personnel; seeking a declaratory judgment concerning the scope
of the neutral accounting expert's authority; and in the alternative, claiming a breach of contract and seeking the $100 million and other
damages, or the Delaware Action. In November 2016, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Delaware Action, and on January 6, 2017,
the plaintiffs filed a First Amended Complaint. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the First Amended Complaint on February 22, 2017,
requesting that the Court dismiss all claims in the Delaware Action. On March 24, 2017, the plaintiffs in the Delaware Action filed a response,
and our reply is due on April 7, 2017. As a result of the Reorganization, the defendants in the Delaware Action are no longer part of the
Company and its consolidated subsidiaries, however we remain the liable party in this matter. We did not accrue any contingency reserve as of
December 31, 2016 in respect of any earnout. See note 15 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
While we intend to vigorously oppose HeidelbergCement’s assertions and the Delaware Action, the outcome of this matter is uncertain, and no
assurances can be given regarding the ultimate outcome of any proceedings.
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U.S. Pipe received a General Notice Letter and Invitation to Conduct Removal Action dated September 20, 2013 from the EPA with
respect to the 35th Avenue superfund site in Birmingham, Alabama. The letter requests that U.S. Pipe participate in an environmental response
action in an area proximate to a closed U.S. Pipe facility in North Birmingham, Alabama. The U.S. Pipe North Birmingham facility was closed
and, as part of the acquisition of U.S. Pipe by a private equity fund from Mueller Water Products, Inc. and Mueller Group, LLC, or the Sellers, in
2012, the facility was retained by and is currently owned by either the Sellers or one of their affiliates. The notice requested response activities
including testing and removing surface soils at area residences alleged to be contaminated by locally-sourced air pollutants. In connection with
the disposition, the Sellers agreed to jointly and severally defend and indemnify U.S. Pipe against any losses or environmental liabilities related
to sites retained by the Sellers, including the North Birmingham facility. Accordingly, U.S. Pipe tendered the defense of this matter to the Sellers
for defense and indemnification. The Sellers accepted the tender and, on behalf of U.S. Pipe, have responded to the EPA’s request to
participate in a time-critical removal action by declining, based on the EPA’s failure to establish any nexus between the contamination and any
operations at the U.S. Pipe North Birmingham facility. The EPA sent a renewed request addressed to the Sellers, U.S. Pipe and a number of
other potentially responsible parties on August 8, 2014 seeking participation in a broader cleanup of soil at approximately 80 homes in North
Birmingham. The Sellers again responded on U.S. Pipe’s behalf declining to participate on the same grounds. In September 2014, the EPA
proposed that the site be listed on the National Priorities List. The Sellers continue to defend on this matter on behalf of U.S. Pipe. While we
cannot provide assurance that such defense will be successful, because of the indemnification described above, we do not believe the ultimate
resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
PART II
Common Stock
Prior to October 20, 2016, our common stock was privately held and there was no established public trading market for our common stock.
Our common stock began trading on NASDAQ on October 20, 2016 under the ticker symbol “FRTA.”
As of March 28, 2017, we had 3 holders of record of our common stock.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the range of high and low sales prices for our common stock:
Fourth Quarter (October 20, 2016 - December 31, 2016)
Dividend Policy
2016
High
Low
$
22.76 $
16.24
We have not declared or paid any dividends since our formation and currently do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.
Additional information concerning restrictions on our payment of cash dividends may be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 of this report.
Use of Proceeds
On October 19, 2016, we sold 18,420,000 shares of common stock in our initial public offering at a public offering price of $18.00 per share
pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1, which was declared effective by the SEC on October 19, 2016. The aggregate net proceeds
from the offering were approximately $303.8 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by
us. We used $260.0 million of the net proceeds to repay outstanding indebtedness under our junior term loan, $36.0 million of the net proceeds
to repay outstanding indebtedness under our then-existing senior term loan, $7.8 million of the net proceeds to pay a prepayment penalty in
connection with the repayment of our junior term loan and the remainder of the net proceeds for working capital and other general corporate
purposes.
On November 18, 2016, the underwriters partially exercised their option to purchase additional shares of common stock and purchased
262,244 shares from the selling stockholder at the public offering price of $18.00 per share. The sale of those shares closed on November 23,
2016 resulting in net proceeds to the selling stockholder of approximately $4.5 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions.
We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholder.
Securities Authorized for issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
See Item 12, Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters for information
regarding common stock authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
All of the data in the table should be read in conjunction with Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this report.
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Table of Contents
The following tables set forth, for the periods and dates indicated, our selected historical financial data. The accompanying historical
financial statements are presented for the “Predecessor,” which are the financial statements of HeidelbergCement’s building products business
in the United States and Eastern Canada for the period preceding the Acquisition, and the “Successor,” which are the financial statements of
the Company and subsidiaries for the period following the Acquisition. The Predecessor’s combined statements of operations data for the year
ended 2014 and the period from January 1, 2015 through March 13, 2015 have been derived from the audited combined financial statements
of HeidelbergCement’s building products business in the United States and Eastern Canada and the Successor’s consolidated statements of
operations data for the period from March 14, 2015 through December 31, 2015 and the year ended December 31, 2016 and balance sheet
data as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are included elsewhere
in this Form 10-K. The Predecessor's combined statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013 and combined
balance sheet data as of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014 have been derived from the combined financial statements of
HeidelbergCement's building products business in the United States and Eastern Canada, which are not included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
The Predecessor’s combined financial statements may not necessarily be indicative of our cost structure, financial position, results of
operations or cash flows that would have existed if HeidelbergCement’s building products business in the United States and Eastern Canada
operated as a stand-alone, independent business. Accordingly, the historical results should not be relied upon as an indicator of our future
performance. The Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination, which resulted in a new basis of accounting. The Predecessor’s
and the Successor’s financial statements are not comparable as a result of applying a new basis of accounting. See the notes to our
consolidated (successor)/combined predecessor financial statements for additional information regarding the accounting treatment of the
Acquisition. The selected financial data presented below represent portions of our financial statements and are not complete and should be
read in conjunction with Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our consolidated
financial statements and related notes included in this report.
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Table of Contents
(in thousands)
Successor
Predecessor
Year ended
December 31,
For the period
March 14 to
December 31,
For the period
from January 1 to
March 13,
Year ended
December 31,
Year ended
December 31,
Year ended
December 31,
Statement of Operations Data:
2016
2015
2015
2014
2013
2012
Net sales
Cost of goods sold
Gross profit
$
1,363,962 $
1,083,508
280,454
$
604,275
513,723
90,552
112,698 $
597,426 $
552,440 $
616,454
98,339
14,359
506,688
90,738
487,604
64,836
562,727
53,727
Selling, general & administrative expenses
$
(216,099)
Impairment and restructuring charges
Earnings from equity method investee
Gain (loss) on sale of property, plant, and equipment, net
Other operating income
Income (loss) from operations
Other income (expenses)
Interest expense
Other income (expense), net
Income (loss) before income taxes
Income tax (expense) benefit
Income (loss) from continuing operations
Discontinued operations, net of tax
Net income (loss)
Basic and Diluted Earnings (loss) Per Share:
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Net income (loss)
Statement of Operations Data:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents
Property, plant & equipment, net
Total assets
Total debt
Shareholders equity
(2,218)
11,947
(21,274)
10,303
(217,341)
63,113
(125,048)
(847)
(62,782)
51,692
(11,090)
(121,554)
(1,026)
8,429
(624)
1,716
(113,059)
(22,507)
(45,953)
(326)
(68,786)
(5,392)
(74,178)
(17,106)
(85,859) $
(70,410) $
(82,315)
(542)
(4,261)
(247,448)
(12,918)
67
122
696
4,451
2,030
5,072
(216)
2,435
5,234
(16,763)
(78,567)
(310,405)
(2,404)
12,171
(245,569)
(870)
—
128
(95,975)
(42,248)
(82)
(28)
—
(88)
—
1,032
—
9,125
(2,514)
12,083
(244,537)
(33,123)
742
(1,772)
(2,660)
9,423
(379)
(4,017)
(244,916)
(37,140)
$
$
$
$
$
$
3,484 $
(8,608)
$
(3,984) $
(575) $
(2,382) $
(24,524)
(7,606) $
(82,786)
$
(5,756) $
8,848 $
(247,298) $
(61,664)
(0.23) $
0.07 $
(0.16) $
(1.63)
(0.19)
(1.82)
76,925 $
(1,062,447)
981,728
$
121,417
(898,039)
822,580
(48,224) $
25,918 $
(2,762)
60,907
(1,901)
(23,990)
31,686
(55)
(31,636)
$
40,024 $
452,914
1,824,786
1,096,047
132,917
26,027
315,859
938,875
705,829
52,315
$
41 $
4 $
9
288,433
846,168
—
283,821
665,412
—
311,441
974,139
—
657,473
700,938
984,404
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated Successor and combined Predecessor
financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Report.
This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. See the section
entitled “Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the risks, uncertainties and assumptions
associated with those statements.
Our Company
Overview
We are a leading manufacturer of pipe and precast products by sales volume in the United States and Eastern Canada for a variety of
water-related infrastructure applications, including water transmission, distribution and drainage. We provide critical infrastructure components
for a broad spectrum of construction projects across residential, non-residential and infrastructure markets. Our extensive suite of end-to-end
products covers “the First Mile to the Last Mile” of the water infrastructure grid, ranging from large diameter pipe that transports water to and
from treatment centers and manages drainage along major transportation corridors, to smaller diameter pipe that delivers potable water to, and
removes wastewater from, end users in residential and commercial settings. We employ a specialized technical salesforce, including engineers
and field service representatives, which enables us to deliver a high degree of customer service, create tailored solutions and ensure our
products meet project specifications to maximize applications in the field. We believe that our product breadth, footprint in the United States
and Eastern Canada and significant scale help make us a one-stop shop for water-related pipe and products, and a preferred supplier to a wide
variety of customers, including contractors, distributors and municipalities.
Our Segments
Our operations are organized into the following reportable segments, which is the way
management views the business in making operating decisions and assessing performance:
•
Drainage Pipe & Products - We are a producer of concrete drainage pipe and precast products in the United States and Eastern
Canada.
• Water Pipe & Products - We are a producer of ductile iron pipe (DIP) and concrete and steel pressure pipe.
•
Corporate and Other - Consists of corporate overhead locations in the United States, and our roof tile operations which were sold in
April 2016.
Basis of Presentation
Predecessor and Successor Historical Results of Operations
Lone Star, through a wholly owned subsidiary, acquired our business, along with the business of Forterra, plc, the operator the former
building products business of HeidelbergCement AG, or HeidelbergCement, in the United Kingdom, or Forterra UK, on March 13, 2015 from
HeidelbergCement, or the Acquisition for aggregate cash consideration of $1.33 billion, subject to a $100.0 million earn-out that is currently
subject to dispute, as discussed in greater detail in note 15 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report. Prior to
the Acquisition, we were HeidelbergCement’s building products operations in the United States and Eastern Canada. LSF9 Concrete Holdings
Ltd, or LSF9 was formed on February 6, 2015 for the purpose of consummating the Acquisition and had no operations prior to the date of
Acquisition.
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Prior to our initial public offering of common stock on October 25, 2016, or the Offering, LSF9 transferred its building products
operations in the United States and Eastern Canada to Forterra, Inc. in an internal reorganization transaction, or the Reorganization, which is
described in greater detail below in the section entitled "-Recent Developments-Reorganization.” Forterra, Inc. was formed on June 21, 2016
for purposes of the Reorganization and did not have any operations prior to the date of the Reorganization. In our financial statements included
elsewhere in this Report, “Predecessor” refers to our business prior to the Acquisition and “Successor” refers to our business following the
Acquisition. The historical combined Predecessor financial statements were prepared on a stand-alone basis in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP, and were derived from HeidelbergCement’s financial statements and
accounting records using the historical results of operations and assets and liabilities attributed to our business and include allocations of
expenses from HeidelbergCement.
The historical combined Predecessor statements of operations included expense allocations for certain corporate functions historically
provided by HeidelbergCement. Substantially all of the Predecessor’s senior management was employed by HeidelbergCement and certain
functions critical to our operations were centralized and managed by HeidelbergCement. Historically, the centralized functions included
executive senior management, financial reporting, financial planning and analysis, accounting, information technology, tax, risk management,
treasury, legal, human resources, land management and strategy and development.
HeidelbergCement used a centralized approach to cash management and financing of its operations. Historically, the majority of the
Predecessor’s cash was transferred to HeidelbergCement or its North American affiliates daily and our company was dependent on
HeidelbergCement’s funding of our operating and investing activities. This arrangement was not reflective of the manner in which we would
have been able to finance our operations had we been a stand-alone business separate from HeidelbergCement.
The historical combined Predecessor financial statements included elsewhere in this Report and the other historical combined
Predecessor financial information presented and discussed in this discussion and analysis may not be indicative of what they would actually
have been had we been a separate stand-alone entity, nor are they indicative of what our financial position, results of operations and cash
flows may be in the future.
Unless otherwise specified or where the context otherwise requires, references in this Report “our,” “we,” “us,” the “Company” and “our
business” (i) for the Predecessor periods prior to the completion of the Acquisition, refer to the building products business of HeidelbergCement
in the United States and Eastern Canada, (ii) for the Successor periods after completion of the Acquisition, the operations of Forterra, Inc., in
each case together with its consolidated subsidiaries.
Recent Developments
Bricks Disposition
On August 23, 2016, an affiliate of Lone Star Fund IX (U.S.),L.P. (along with its affiliates and associates, but excluding the Company
and other companies that it owns as a result of its investment activity, or Lone Star) entered into an agreement with an unaffiliated third party to
contribute LSF9's bricks business to a newly formed joint venture with the unaffiliated third party, or the Bricks Joint Venture. In exchange for
the contribution of the bricks business, an affiliate of Lone Star received a 50% interest in the Bricks Joint Venture. On October 17, 2016, LSF9
distributed its bricks business to an affiliate of Lone Star, or the Bricks Disposition. Following the Bricks Disposition, LSF9 had no relation to or
business affiliation with its former bricks business or the Bricks Joint Venture other than contractual arrangements regarding certain limited
transition services, the temporary use of the “Forterra” name, and a short-term loan which has subsequently been repaid in full. We incurred a
tax liability of approximately $31.1 million as a result of the Bricks Disposition which is presented as a component of the loss from discontinued
operations, net of tax line in the consolidated statement of operations.
This transaction qualifies as a reorganization of businesses under common control as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards
Board's, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 805, Business
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Combinations and, as such, was reflected in our financial statements covering the date on which the transaction occurred. As of the disposition
date, the carrying value of net assets related to the brick business were removed from our balance sheet and recognized as an equity
distribution. Also, we reclassified the operations of our former brick business to discontinued operations for all periods presented on the
statement of operations.
Reorganization
Following the Bricks Disposition and prior to the consummation of the Offering, the remaining building products operations of LSF9 in
the United States and Eastern Canada, were transferred to Forterra, Inc. in an internal reorganization under common control transaction (the
"Reorganization"). Following the Reorganization but prior to the consummation of the Offering, Forterra, Inc. was a wholly owned subsidiary of
Forterra US Holdings, LLC, which is indirectly wholly owned by LSF9. Each of LSF9, Forterra US Holdings, LLC and Forterra, Inc. are affiliates
of Lone Star.
The Offering
On October 25, 2016, we completed the Offering, in which we offered and sold 18,420,000 shares of our common stock. We received
net proceeds from the Offering of $313.3 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and before payment of Offering expenses,
$296.0 million of which were used to repay indebtedness.
Refinancing
Concurrent with the completion of the Offering, the Company entered into the 2016 Revolver for working capital and general corporate
purposes and the 2016 Senior Term Loan, the proceeds of which, together with the proceeds from the Offering, were used to repay in full the
Junior Term Loan of $260.0 million, the 2015 Senior Term Loan of $1.04 billion, and the existing balance under the 2015 Revolver, in addition to
related expenses associated with the Offering and Refinancing. Immediately subsequent to the completion of the Offering, Forterra had $125.0
million outstanding on its 2016 Revolver and $1.05 billion on its 2016 Senior Term Loan. The $260.0 million repayment toward the Junior Term
Loan represented a full repayment of the outstanding principal on that loan, resulting in a related write-off of issue discounts and capitalized
issuance costs of approximately $22.4 million. The repayment also triggered a prepayment penalty of approximately $7.8 million.
The 2016 Senior Term Loan provides for a $1.05 billion senior secured term loan that was made available to a newly formed direct
subsidiary of Forterra. Subject to the conditions set forth in the term loan agreement, the 2016 Senior Term Loan may be increased by (i) up to
the greater of $285.0 million and 1.0x consolidated EBITDA of Forterra and its restricted subsidiaries for the four quarters most recently ended
prior to such incurrence plus (ii) the aggregate amount of any voluntary prepayments, plus (iii) an additional amount, provided certain financial
tests are met. The 2016 Senior Term Loan matures on October 25, 2023 and is subject to quarterly amortization equal to 0.25% of the initial
principal amount. Interest will accrue on outstanding borrowings thereunder at a rate equal to LIBOR (with a floor of 1.0%) or an alternate base
rate, in each case plus a margin of 3.50% or 2.50%, respectively.
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Tax receivable agreement
In connection with the Offering, the Company entered into a tax receivable agreement with Lone Star that provides for, among other
things, the payment by the Company to Lone Star of 85% of the amount of certain covered tax benefits, which may reduce the actual liability for
certain taxes that the Company might otherwise be required to pay. The tax benefits subject to the tax receivable agreement include: (i) all
depreciation and amortization deductions, and any offset to taxable income and gain or increase to taxable loss, resulting from the tax basis
that the Company had in its assets as of the time of the consummation of the Offering, (ii) the utilization of the Company's and its subsidiaries’
net operating losses and tax credits, if any, attributable to periods prior to the Offering, (iii) deductions in respect of payments made, funded or
reimbursed by an initial party to the tax receivable agreement (other than the Company or one of its subsidiaries) or an affiliate thereof to
participants under the LSF9 Concrete Holdings Ltd. Long Term Incentive Plan, (iv) deductions in respect of transaction expenses attributable to
the USP Acquisition and (v) certain other tax benefits attributable to payments made under the tax receivable agreement.
For purposes of the tax receivable agreement, the aggregate reduction in income tax payable by the Company will be computed by
comparing the Company's actual income tax liability with its hypothetical liability had it not been able to utilize the related tax benefits. The
agreement will remain in effect for the period of time in which all such related tax benefits remain. The Company accounts for potential
payments under the tax receivable agreement as a contingent liability, with amounts accrued when considered probable and reasonably
estimable. As of the Offering date, the Company has recorded a $160.8 million liability and a reduction to additional paid-in-capital related to
the tax receivable agreement for the undiscounted value of probable future payments. Net of tax effects of $18.5 million, the net reduction to
additional paid-in-capital related to the initial liability for the tax receivable agreement issued in connection with the Offering was $142.3 million.
The Company anticipates that it will have sufficient taxable income in future periods to realize the full value of the obligation recorded. Future
tax receivable agreement payments related to the tax basis of assets at the time of the Offering will be recorded as a reduction to the liability
and will be recorded as a financing obligation in the statement of cash flows. At the end of each reporting period, any changes in the
Company's estimate of the liability will be recorded in the statement of operations as a component of other income/expense and will be
recorded as an operating activity in the statement of cash flows. The timing and amount of future tax benefits associated with the tax receivable
agreement are subject to change, and additional payments may be required which could be materially different from the current accrued
liability.
Acquisitions
We completed multiple business combinations during 2016. Below is a summary of the aggregate purchase price of each of the transactions.
Acquisitions:
Sherman-Dixie Concrete Industries
USP Holdings, Inc.
Bio Clean Environmental Services, Inc. and Modular Wetland Systems, Inc.
J&G Concrete Operations, LLC
Precast Concepts, LLC
Purchase Price
(in millions)
$
66.8
778.7
30.6
32.4
99.6
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Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
Our financial performance and results of operations are influenced by a variety of factors, including conditions in the residential, and
non-residential and infrastructure construction markets, general economic conditions, changes in cost of goods sold, and seasonality and
weather conditions. Some of the more important factors are discussed below, as well as in the section entitled “Risk Factors.”
Infrastructure Spending and Residential and Non-Residential Construction Activities
A large proportion of our net sales in our Drainage Pipe & Products and Water Pipe & Products segments are generated through public
infrastructure projects. Many of these projects are dependent on government funding, including subsidies and stimulus programs. Government
spending on infrastructure projects depends on the availability of public funds, which is influenced by various factors, including fiscal budgets,
the level of public debt, interest rates, existing and anticipated tax revenues and the political climate. Increases or reductions in governmental
funding for these infrastructure projects can have a material effect on our net sales and results of operations. In the United States, federal and
state government funding for infrastructure projects is usually accomplished through multi-year funding and authorization bills known as
highway bills, such as the FAST Act, which authorized $305 billion in spending over the next five years. The outlook for future growth and
consistent revenue streams for our Drainage Pipe & Products and Water Pipe & Products segments has improved with the passage of the
FAST Act.
Historically, demand for many of our products has been closely tied to residential construction and non-residential construction activity
in the United States and Eastern Canada. Activity levels in these markets can be materially affected by general economic and global financial
market conditions. In addition, residential construction activity levels are influenced by and sensitive to mortgage availability, the cost of
financing a home (in particular, mortgage and interest rates), unemployment levels, household formation rates, residential vacancy and
foreclosure rates, existing housing prices, rental prices, housing inventory levels, consumer confidence and government policy and incentives.
Non-residential construction activity is primarily driven by levels of business investment, availability of credit and interest rates, as well as many
of the factors that impact residential construction activity levels. See the section entitled “Business-Our Industry.”
Mix of Products
We derive our sales from both the sale of products manufactured to inventory, such as concrete drainage pipe and bricks, and highly
engineered products which are made to order, such as concrete and steel pressure pipe and structural precast products for drainage. These
two components of our business differ in their dynamics. Approximately two-thirds of our net sales during 2016 were derived from the sale of
products which are manufactured to inventory and approximately one-third came from highly engineered products which were made to order.
This mix of products varies from period to period. We generally recognize revenue in connection with product shipment; however, for some of
our highly engineered products, we recognize revenue on a percentage of completion method, which amounted to $39.9 million in 2016.
Products such as concrete drainage pipe and bricks are typically sold on a one-off basis, with volumes and prices determined
frequently based on market participants’ perceptions of short-term supply and demand factors. A shortage of capacity or excess capacity in the
industry, or in the regions where we have operations, or the behavior of our competitors, can each result in significant increases or decreases
in market prices for these products, often within a short period of time. By contrast, our project driven business involves highly engineered and
customized products with a wide range of contract values. The products for these projects are engineered, manufactured and delivered on the
basis of contracts that tend to extend over periods of several months or, in some cases, several years. The timing of the commencement of a
project and the progress and completion of work under a contract, therefore, can have a significant effect on our results of operations for a
particular period.
Cost of Goods Sold
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Costs of raw material and supplies, labor (including contract labor), freight and energy constitute a large portion of our cost of goods
sold, and fluctuations in the prices of these materials and inputs affect our results of operations. Our primary raw materials are cement,
aggregates, steel and clay. We do not generally hedge our raw material purchases, except that we may increase our inventory of certain
materials in the short term in anticipation of future price increases.
In addition, our manufacturing is energy intensive. Our energy costs primarily consist of the cost for the supply of electricity and natural
gas used in various manufacturing processes. Prices for energy, including natural gas and electricity, have been volatile in recent years and
have been a driver of our raw material and energy costs in the past. We generally purchase natural gas and electricity at spot prices in the
open market, however, as opportunities are presented we may enter into natural gas fixed price supply contracts.
We attempt to pass on price increases of raw materials, energy and certain other manufacturing costs to our customers, and typically
increase prices as new customer agreements are negotiated throughout the year. In addition, certain of our customer contracts, primarily with
respect to our highly engineered product, contain price modification mechanisms pursuant to which we may increase the prices of our products
to correspond to increases in raw material costs. As a result, we believe we have been able to manage our exposures to fluctuations in our raw
material and energy costs, although there can be no assurance that we will continue to be able to do so in the future.
Seasonality and Weather Conditions
The construction industry, and therefore demand for our products, is typically seasonal and dependent on weather conditions, with
periods of snow or heavy rain negatively affecting construction activity. Lower demand for our products tends to occur in periods of cold
weather, particularly during winter and periods of excessive rain, and such conditions or other unfavorable weather conditions generally lead to
seasonal fluctuations in our quarterly financial results. Historically, our net sales in the second and third quarters have been higher than in the
other quarters of the year, particularly the first quarter.
In addition, unfavorable weather conditions, such as hurricanes or severe storms, or public holidays during peak construction periods
can result in temporary cessation of projects and a material reduction in demand for our products and consequently have an adverse effect on
our net sales. Results of a fiscal quarter may therefore not be a reliable basis for the expectations of a full fiscal year and may not be
comparable with the results in the other fiscal quarters in the same year or prior years.
Factors Affecting our Financial Statements
Business Combinations
The Acquisition - Our business was acquired from HeidelbergCement in the Acquisition, along with the business of Forterra UK, for
aggregate cash consideration of $1.33 billion, subject to an earn-out capped at $100.0 million. The earn-out is currently in dispute. Lone Star
funded the transactions with an equity investment of $432.3 million and third-party debt in the amount of $940.0 million. The Acquisition was
accounted for as a business combination under Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC
805, Business Combinations.
The Successor consolidated financial statements include certain assets and liabilities historically held at LSF9, including the portion of
the debt incurred to consummate the Acquisition which we are obligated to pay. Our portion of the initial $432.3 million equity investment is
$167.5 million. Our portion of the $940.0 million of third party debt used to finance the Acquisition is $515.5 million. The remainder of the debt
was allocated to Forterra UK and other affiliates of LSF9 that are not included in these financial statements. Prior to the re-organization in
October 2016, we and the other affiliates of LSF9, other than Forterra UK, were co-obligors and jointly and severally liable under the terms of
the initial credit agreements. Forterra UK was released as an obligor in
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connection with its initial public offering and the repayment of its portion of the debt. As part of the Acquisition, we incurred transaction costs
necessary to consummate the Acquisition.
Subsequent to the Acquisition, the Company completed the following transactions:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cretex Acquisition - On October 1, 2015, Forterra acquired all the outstanding shares of Cretex Concrete Products, Inc. (“Cretex”) for
an aggregate consideration of $245.1 million (the "Cretex Acquisition"). Cretex is a manufacturer of concrete pipe, box culverts,
concrete precast drainage structures, pre-stressed bridge components and ancillary precast products in the Upper Midwestern United
States. The purchase of Cretex was partially funded with proceeds from financing transactions totaling $240.0 million as an add-on to
the LSF9's senior term loan and cash on hand.
Sherman-Dixie Acquisition - On January 29, 2016, Forterra acquired substantially all the assets of Sherman-Dixie Concrete Industries
(“Sherman-Dixie”) for aggregate consideration of $66.8 million (the "Sherman-Dixie Acquisition"). Sherman-Dixie is a manufacturer of
precast concrete structures operating in Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama and Indiana. Sherman-Dixie operates as part of the
Company’s Drainage Pipe & Products reportable segment. The Sherman Dixie Acquisition was financed with borrowings on LSF9’s
revolving credit facility.
U.S. Pipe Acquisition - On April 15, 2016, Forterra acquired all of the stock of USP Holdings Inc. (“USP”) for aggregate consideration of
$778.7 million (the "USP Acquisition"). USP is a manufacturer of water transmission pipe servicing residential, commercial and
infrastructure customers. USP operates as part of the Company’s Water Pipe & Products reportable segment. The USP Acquisition
was financed with proceeds from a capital contribution, borrowings on LSF9's revolving credit facility and cash on hand.
Bio Clean Acquisition - On August 4, 2016, Forterra acquired all of the stock of Bio Clean Environmental Services, Inc. and Modular
Wetland Systems, Inc. (together, "Bio Clean") for aggregate consideration of $30.6 million (the "Bio Clean Acquisition"). Bio Clean
designs and sells storm water management systems that meet the requirements of local regulatory bodies regulating storm water
quality and owns technologies relating to drainage and storm water management. The Bio Clean Acquisition was financed with cash on
hand.
J&G Acquisition - On October 14, 2016, Forterra acquired J&G Concrete Operations, LLC ("J&G") for aggregate consideration of$32.4
million, subject to customary working capital adjustments (the "J&G Acquisition"). J&G manufactures concrete pipe, box culverts and
special fittings in North Texas. The J&G Acquisition was financed with borrowings on LSF9's revolving credit facility.
Precast Concepts Acquisition - On October 14, 2016, Forterra acquired the business of Precast Concepts, LLC ("Precast Concepts")
for aggregate consideration of $99.6 million, subject to customary working capital adjustments (the "Precast Concepts Acquisition").
Precast Concepts manufactures concrete pipe, box culverts, storm detention systems and other precast concrete and related products
in Colorado through its three facilities. The Precast Concepts Acquisition was financed with borrowings on LSF9's revolving credit
facility.
Sale Leaseback - On April 5, 2016, the Company sold properties in 47 sites throughout the U.S. and Canada to Pipe Portfolio Owner
(Multi) LP (the "U.S. Buyer") and FORT-BEN Holdings (ONQC) Ltd. (the “Canadian Buyer”) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately
$204.3 million. On April 14, 2016, the Company sold additional properties in two sites located in the U.S. to the U.S. Buyer for an aggregate
purchase price of approximately $11.9 million. In connection with these transactions, the Company and U.S. Buyer and an affiliate of the
Canadian Buyer entered into master land and building lease agreements under which the Company agreed to lease back each of the
properties for an initial term of twenty years, followed by one optional renewal terms of 9 years, 11 months. Leaseback rental will escalate
annually by 2% during the initial term and based on changes in the Consumer Price Index capped at 4% during the optional renewal period.
The proceeds received from the sale-leaseback transactions net of transaction costs of $6.5 million amounted to $209.7 million.
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Prior to the Reorganization, the sale-leaseback transactions were considered to have one form of prohibited “continuing involvement”
at the inception of the lease which preclude sale-leaseback accounting for transactions involving real estate in the financial statements of the
Company because a guarantee by LSF9 provided the buyer-lessor or the lessor, as applicable, with additional collateral that reduced the
buyer-lessor’s or the lessor's, as applicable, risk of loss. As a result, the assets subject to the sale-leaseback remained on the balance sheet
and were depreciated. Additionally, the aggregate proceeds were recorded as a financing obligation in the consolidated balance sheet and
under financing in the statements of cash flow. In October 2016, the Company entered into agreements to replace the current guarantor, LSF9,
with Forterra, Inc. as the new guarantor, effective immediately following completion of the Reorganization. Due to the change in guarantor, the
Sale Leaseback qualified for sales recognition and was classified as an operating lease beginning October 2016. Associated with the sale, in
October 2016, the Company recognized a loss on the statement of operations of $19.6 million and a deferred gain of $81.5 million. The
deferred gain will be amortized over the life of the lease. As of December 31, 2016, the non-current portion of the deferred gain is $78.2 million
and the current portion of the deferred gain is $2.8 million in other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.
During the year ended December 31, 2016 the Company recognized $9.3 million of interest expense under the financing obligation in
interest expense and $4.3 million of rent expense in cost of goods sold for operating leases, related to payments made under the sales
leaseback transaction, respectively.
Principal Components of Results of Operations
Net Sales
Net sales consist of the consideration received or receivable for the sale of products in the ordinary course of business and include the
billable costs of delivery of our products to customers, net of discounts given to the customer. Net sales include any outbound freight charged
to the customer. Revenue on long-term engineering and construction contracts for our structural precast and products that are designed and
engineered specifically for the customer is recognized under the percentage-of completion method. Certain of our businesses, primarily our
concrete and steel pressure pipe businesses, also enter into agreements to provide inventory to customers for long-term construction projects.
With respect to these agreements, we recognize revenue upon shipment of the respective goods, whereas billings are based on contract terms
and may or may not coincide with shipments, which gives rise to either unbilled or deferred revenue. See note 2 to our consolidated financial
statements included elsewhere in this Report.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold includes raw materials (cement, aggregates, scrap, steel and clay) and supplies, labor (including contract labor),
freight (including outbound freight for delivery of products to end users and other charges such as inbound freight), energy, depreciation and
amortization, repairs and maintenance and other cost of goods sold.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses include expenses for sales, marketing, legal, accounting and finance services, human
resources, customer support, treasury and other general corporate services. See note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included
elsewhere in this Form 10-K for a description of the expense allocation for certain corporate and other functions historically provided to us by
HeidelbergCement during the Predecessor periods. For the period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015 and for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2014, we were allocated selling, general and administrative expenses from HeidelbergCement in the amount of $4.1 million and
$23.6 million, respectively. Selling, general and administrative expenses also include transaction costs directly related to the business
combinations and other carve-out costs surrounding the separation from HeidelbergCement.
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Earnings from Equity Method Investee
Earnings from equity method investee represents our share of the income of the Concrete Pipe & Precast LLC, or CP&P, joint venture
we entered into in July 2012 with Americast, Inc. We contributed plant assets and related inventory from nine plants as part of the agreement to
form CP&P in exchange for a 50% ownership interest in the joint venture. CP&P is engaged primarily in the manufacture, marketing, sale and
distribution of concrete pipe and precast products in Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia with sales to
contiguous states.
Gain on Sale of Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment, net includes the net gain or loss on the sale of assets including property, plant and
equipment.
Other Operating Income
The remaining categories of operating income and expenses consist of scrap income (associated with scrap from the manufacturing
process or remaining scrap after plants are closed), insurance gains, rental income and income generated from exhausted clay quarries that
are used for landfill.
Interest Expense
Interest expense represents interest on the indebtedness. Prior to the Acquisition, we incurred an insignificant amount of interest
expense in connection with our capital leases.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense consists of federal, state, provincial, local and foreign taxes based on income in the jurisdictions in which we
operate. Historically, our U.S. subsidiaries were included in HeidelbergCement’s U.S. consolidated federal and state income tax returns. In the
combined Predecessor financial statements, income tax benefit (expense) is calculated as if our U.S. subsidiaries filed separate tax returns.
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Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2016
Total Company
The following table summarizes certain financial information relating to our operating results that have been derived from our
consolidated financial statements of Forterra for the year months ended December 31, 2016. Also included is certain information relating to the
operating results as a percentage of net sales.
Statements of Income Data:
Net sales
Cost of goods sold
Gross profit
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Impairment and exit charges
Earnings from equity method investee
Loss on sale of property, plant and equipment, net
Other operating income
Income from operations
Other income (expenses)
Interest expense
Other expense, net
Loss before income taxes
Income tax benefit
Loss from continuing operations
Discontinued operations, net of tax
Net loss
Year ended
December 31, 2016
% of
Net Sales
$
$
1,363,962
1,083,508
280,454
(216,099)
(2,218)
11,947
(21,274)
10,303
(217,341)
63,113
(125,048)
(847)
(62,782)
51,692
(11,090)
3,484
(7,606)
100.0 %
79.4 %
20.6 %
(15.8)%
(0.2)%
0.9 %
(1.6)%
0.8 %
(15.9)%
4.6 %
(9.2)%
(0.1)%
(4.6)%
3.8 %
(0.8)%
0.3 %
(0.6)%
Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $1,364.0 million consisting of legacy Forterra net sales of $632.1 million, net
sales as a result of the U.S. Pipe Acquisition of $475.9 million, $184.1 million of net sales from the Cretex Acquisition, $53.1 million from the
Sherman-Dixie Acquisition, $8.2 million from the Precast Concepts Acquisition, $8.0 million from the Bio Clean Acquisition and $2.6 million
from the J&G Acquisition. Cost of goods sold were $1,083.5 million, which included $15.1 million of inventory step-up adjustments due to the
impact of business combinations primarily related to the U.S. Pipe Acquisition, which resulted in gross profit of $280.5 million. Selling, general
and administrative expenses were $216.1 million, which includes $94.0 million of costs from acquired businesses. Loss on the disposal of
PP&E was $21.3 million primarily driven by a loss on the sale-leaseback of $19.6 million. Interest expense of $125.0 million was incurred as a
result of the outstanding debt during the period as well as a write-off of debt issuance costs of $22.4 million and an early payment penalty of
$7.8 million associated with the payment of the Junior Term Loan. The net loss of $7.6 million driven by interest expense, the loss on sale of
property, plant, and equipment, and inventory step-up adjustments from purchase accounting that was offset by the growth in gross profit from
our new acquisitions.
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Segment Results of Operations
For the year ended December 31, 2016:
Net sales
Gross profit (loss)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
Drainage Pipe &
Products
Water Pipe &
Products
Corporate and
Other
Total
$
728,872 $
162,442
89,706
(In thousands)
632,573 $
120,564
45,084
2,517 $
(2,552)
(197,572)
1,363,962
280,454
(62,782)
For the purposes of evaluating segment performance, the Company’s chief operating decision maker reviews earnings before interest,
taxes, depreciation and amortization as a basis for making the decisions to allocate resources and assess performance. Our discussion below
includes the primary drivers of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.
Drainage Pipe & Products
Net sales were $728.9 million which included net sales from acquisitions of $256.0 million. Gross profit was $162.4 million which
included the impact of inventory step-up adjustments of $4.5 million as a result of the business combinations.
Water Pipe & Products
Net sales were $632.6 million which included sales from U.S. Pipe of $475.9 million. Gross profit was $120.6 million which included the
impact of non-recurring inventory adjustments of $10.6 million as a result of the U.S. Pipe Acquisition.
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Period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015
Total Company
The following table summarizes certain financial information relating to our operating results that have been derived from our
consolidated Successor financial statements for the period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015. Also included is certain information
relating to the operating results as a percentage of net sales.
Statements of Income Data:
Net sales
Cost of goods sold
Gross profit
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Impairment and exit charges
Earnings from equity method investee
Loss on sale of property, plant and equipment, net
Other operating income
Loss from operations
Other income (expenses)
Interest expense
Other expense, net
Loss before income taxes
Income tax expense
Loss from continuing operations
Discontinued operations, net of tax
Net loss
Successor
For the period from
March 14 to December
31, 2015
% of Net
Sales
(In thousands, except percentages)
$
$
604,275
513,723
90,552
(121,554)
(1,026)
8,429
(624)
1,716
(113,059)
(22,507)
(45,953)
(326)
(68,786)
(5,392)
(74,178)
(8,608)
(82,786)
100.0 %
85.0 %
15.0 %
(20.1)%
(0.2)%
1.4 %
(0.1)%
0.3 %
(18.7)%
(3.7)%
(7.6)%
NM
(11.4)%
(0.9)%
(12.3)%
(1.4)%
(13.7)%
Net sales for the period were $604.3 million which included net of $39.1 million of sales from Cretex. Cost of goods sold was $513.7
million which resulted in gross profit of $90.6 million. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $121.6 million. Interest expense was
$46.0 million as a result of the debt acquired to fund the Acquisition and the Cretex Acquisition. The net loss of $82.8 million was primarily
driven by selling, general, and administrative expenses as well as the interest expense during the year.
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Segment Results of Operations
For the period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015:
Net sales
Gross profit (loss)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
Drainage Pipe &
Products
Water Pipe &
Products
Corporate and
Other
Total
$
431,723 $
69,601
48,216
(In thousands)
167,417 $
23,000
6,824
5,135 $
(2,049)
(123,826)
604,275
90,552
(68,786)
For the purposes of evaluating segment performance, the Company’s chief operating decision maker reviews earnings before interest,
taxes, depreciation and amortization as a basis for making the decisions to allocate resources and assess performance. Our discussion below
includes the primary drivers of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.
Drainage Pipe & Products
Net sales were $431.7 million during the period which included $39.1 million as a result of the Cretex Acquisition. Gross profit was
$69.6 million, which included a $30.0 million impact to cost of goods sold related to inventory step-up adjustments due to purchase accounting.
Water Pipe & Products
Net sales were $167.4 million during the period. Gross profit was $23.0 million during the period, which included the impact of inventory
step-up adjustments due to purchase accounting of $5.9 million associated with the Acquisition.
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Period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015
Total Company
The following table summarizes certain financial information relating to our operating results that have been derived from our combined
Predecessor financial statements for the period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015. Also included is certain information relating to the
operating results as a percentage of net sales.
Statements of Income Data:
Net sales
Cost of goods sold
Gross profit
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Impairment and exit charges
Earnings from equity method investee
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment, net
Other operating income
Loss from operations
Other income (expenses)
Interest expense
Other expense, net
Loss before income taxes
Income tax benefit
Loss from continuing operations
Discontinued operations, net of tax
Net loss
Predecessor
For the period from January 1
to March 13, 2015
% of Net
Sales
(In thousands, except percentages)
112,698
98,339
14,359
(17,106)
(542)
67
122
696
(16,763)
(2,404)
100.0 %
87.3 %
12.7 %
(15.2)%
(0.5)%
0.1 %
0.1 %
0.6 %
(14.9)%
(2.1)%
(82)
(28)
(2,514)
742
(1,772)
(3,984)
(5,756)
NM
NM
(2.2)%
0.7 %
(1.6)%
(3.5)%
(5.1)%
$
$
Net sales for the period were $112.7 million. Cost of goods sold was $98.3 million resulting in gross profit of $14.4 million. Selling,
general and administrative expenses were $17.1 million. The net loss of $5.8 million was primarily driven by selling, general, and administrative
expenses.
Segment Results of Operations
For the period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015:
Net sales
Gross profit
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
Drainage Pipe &
Products
Water Pipe &
Products
Corporate and
Other
Total
$
79,341 $
13,567
8,839
(In thousands)
30,464 $
413
(3,192)
2,893 $
379
(8,161)
112,698
14,359
(2,514)
For the purposes of evaluating segment performance, the Company’s chief operating decision maker reviews earnings before interest,
taxes, depreciation and amortization as a basis for making the decisions to
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allocate resources and assess performance. Our discussion below includes the primary drivers of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation
and amortization.
Drainage Pipe & Products
Net sales were $79.3 million during the period which resulted in gross profit of $13.6 million.
Water Pipe & Products
Net sales were $30.5 million during the period which resulted in gross profit of $0.4 million.
Year Ended December 31, 2014
The following table summarizes certain financial information relating to our operating results that have been derived from our combined
Predecessor financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014. Also included is certain information relating to the operating results
as a percentage of net sales.
Statements of Income Data:
Net sales
Cost of goods sold
Gross profit
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Impairment and restructuring charges
Earnings from equity method investee
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment
Other operating income
Income from operations
Other income (expense)
Other expense, net
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
Income tax expense
Income from continuing operations
Loss on discontinued operations, net of income tax
Net income
Total Company
Year Ended
December 31,
2014
% of
Net Sales
(In thousands, except percentages)
$
$
597,426
506,688
90,738
(85,859)
(4,261)
4,451
2,030
5,072
(78,567)
12,171
(88)
12,083
(2,660)
9,423
(575)
8,848
100.0 %
84.8 %
15.2 %
(14.4)%
(0.7)%
0.7 %
0.3 %
0.8 %
(13.2)%
2.0 %
NM
2.0 %
(0.4)%
1.6 %
(0.1)%
1.5 %
Net sales for the period were $597.4 million. Cost of goods sold was $506.7 million which resulted in gross profit of $90.7 million.
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $85.9 million. Net income was primarily driven by positive operating results.
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Segment Results of Operations
For year ended December 31, 2014:
Net Sales
Gross profit
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
Drainage Pipe &
Products
Water Pipe &
Products
Corporate and
Other
Total
$
436,754 $
77,943
64,686
(In thousands)
149,864 $
12,054
6,412
10,808 $
741
(59,015 )
597,426
90,738
12,083
For the purposes of evaluating segment performance, the Company’s chief operating decision maker reviews earnings before interest,
taxes, depreciation and amortization as a basis for making the decisions to allocate resources and assess performance. Our discussion below
includes the primary drivers of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.
Drainage Pipe & Products
Net sales were $436.8 million and gross profit was $77.9 million.
Water Pipe & Products
Net sales were $149.9 million and gross profit was $12.1 million.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Prior to the Acquisition, our primary source of liquidity was cash from operations and borrowings or advances from HeidelbergCement.
The Predecessor used HeidelbergCement’s centralized processes and systems for cash management, payroll and purchasing. As a result, all
cash received by our business was deposited with HeidelbergCement’s general corporate funds and was not specifically allocated to our
business.
Since the Acquisition, our primary sources of liquidity have been cash on hand, cash from operations and borrowings under our credit
agreements. We believe these sources will be sufficient to fund our planned operations and capital expenditures in the next 24 months.
We are currently engaged in a dispute with HeidelbergCement regarding the earn out provision in the purchase agreement entered into
in connection with the Acquisition. As discussed in greater detail in note 15, Commitments and contingencies, to our financial statements.
HeidelbergCement has asserted that a payment should be made in the amount of $100.0 million. Resolution may be determined by a neutral
accountant pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement. If it is determined that we are required to make a significant payment to
HeidelbergCement, we may not have sufficient cash to make such payment and may be required to incur additional indebtedness.
As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had approximately $40.0 million and $26.0 million of cash and cash
equivalents, respectively, of which $33.7 million and $0 million, respectively, were held by foreign subsidiaries. All of the cash and cash
equivalents as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were readily convertible as of such dates into currencies used in the Company’s
operations, including the U.S. dollar. We are not aware of legal or economic restrictions on our ability to repatriate funds in the form of cash
dividends, loans or advances. We do not have any present intention to repatriate these funds. However, if these funds are repatriated to the
United States, we will be subject to additional taxes including withholdings tax applied by the country of origin and an incremental U.S. income
tax, net of allowable foreign tax credits.
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Total debt as of December 31, 2016 was $1,146.4 million, and included $1,047.4 million and $99.0 million outstanding on the Senior
Term Loan and Revolver, respectively. The Revolver had additional borrowing capacity as of December 3, 2016 of $189.4 million.
The 2016 Revolver provides for an aggregate principal amount of up to $300.0 million, with up to $280.0 million to be made available to
the U.S. borrowers and up to $20.0 million to be made available to the Canadian borrowers. Subject to the conditions set forth in the new
revolving credit agreement, the 2016 Revolver may be increased by up to the greater of (i) $100.0 million and (ii) such amount as would not
cause the aggregate borrowing base to be exceeded by more than $50.0 million. Borrowings under the 2016 Revolver may not exceed a
borrowing base equal to the sum of (i) 100% of eligible cash, (ii) 85% of eligible accounts receivable and (iii) the lesser of (a) 75% of eligible
inventory and (b) 85% of the orderly liquidation value of eligible inventory, with the U.S. and Canadian borrowings being subject to separate
borrowing base limitations.
The 2016 Senior Term Loan provided for a $1.05 billion senior secured term loan that was made available to a newly formed direct
subsidiary of Forterra, Inc. and used to repay the existing Senior Term Loan of Forterra Building Products. Subject to the conditions set forth in
the term loan agreement, the 2016 Senior Term Loan may be increased by (i) up to the greater of $285.0 million and 1.0x consolidated EBITDA
of Forterra, Inc. and its restricted subsidiaries for the four quarters most recently ended prior to such incurrence plus (ii) the aggregate amount
of any voluntary prepayments, plus (iii) an additional amount, provided certain financial tests are met. The 2016 Senior Term Loan matures on
October 25, 2023 and is subject to quarterly amortization equal to 0.25% of the initial principal amount. Interest will accrue on outstanding
borrowings thereunder at a rate equal to LIBOR (with a floor of 1.0%) or an alternate base rate, in each case plus a margin of 3.50% or 2.50%,
respectively.
The following table sets forth a summary of the net cash provided by (used in) operating, investing and financing activities for the
periods presented.
(In thousands)
Successor
Predecessor
Year ended
December 31, 2016
March 14, 2015 to
December 31,
2015
January 1, 2015
to March 13, 2015
Year ended
December 31, 2014
$
76,925 $
(1,062,447)
981,728
121,417 $
(898,039)
822,580
(48,224) $
(2,762)
60,907
25,918
(1,901)
(23,990)
Statement of Cash Flows data:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities was $76.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, $121.4 million for the
period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015, $48.2 million for the period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015, and $25.9 million for
the year ended December 31, 2014. Changes during the periods are due to the variability between the timing of receipt and distribution of cash
in our working capital accounts.
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Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $1,062.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 due primarily to the business
acquisitions made of $1,008.2 million, $898.0 million for the period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015 primarily due to the Acquisition
and Cretex acquisition, $2.8 million for the period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015 due to cash used for property, plant and equipment,
and $1.9 million for 2014 due to capital expenditures related mainly to fixed assets replacements of $22.8 million, partially offset by $5.9 million
of net proceeds from the sale of long-term assets and a $15.0 million distribution from our investment in CP&P.
Net Cash Provided (Used in) by Financing Activities
Net cash provided (used in) by financing activities was $981.7 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2016 due primarily to
the Refinancing, the Offering, and additional debt incurred as part of the Sherman-Dixie Acquisition, the U.S. Pipe Acquisition and the Debt
Recapitalization and a capital contribution from Lone Star to be used in the U.S. Pipe Acquisition, partially offset by a dividend to Lone Star in
connection with the Debt Recapitalization. Net cash provided by financing activities was $822.6 million for the period from March 14, 2015 to
December 31, 2015 primarily consisting of additional borrowings of long-term debt incurred in connection with the Acquisition as well as capital
contributions from Lone Star. Net cash provided by financing activities was $60.9 million for the period January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015 due
to capital contributions from our former parent. Net cash used in financing activities was $24.0 million for 2014 primarily due to net distributions
of HeidelbergCement.
Capital Expenditures
Our capital expenditures were $54.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, $14.7 million for the period from March 14, 2015 to
September 30, 2015, $2.8 million for the period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015 and $25.3 million for the year ended December 31,
2014. Capital expenditures primarily related to equipment, such as plant and mobile equipment, expansion of existing facilities and
environmental and permit compliance projects.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the ordinary course of our business, we are required to provide surety bonds and standby letters of credit to secure performance
commitments, particularly in our Water Pipe & Products segment. As of December 31, 2016, outstanding stand-by letters of credit amounted to
$11.6 million.
Contractual Obligations and Other Long-Term Liabilities
The following table summarizes our significant contractual obligations as of December 31, 2016. Some of the amounts included in the
table are based on management's estimate and assumptions about these obligations, including their duration, the possibility of renewal,
anticipated actions by third parties and other factors. Because these estimates and assumptions are necessarily subjective, our actual
payments may vary from those reflected in the table.
Senior Term Loan
Revolver
Interest on indebtedness
Operating leases
Total Commitments
Payment Due by Period
Total
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Thereafter
1,047,375
99,000
315,263
729,625
2,191,263
10,500
—
47,607
30,764
88,871
(In thousands)
10,500
—
47,385
28,259
86,144
10,500
—
46,646
27,279
84,425
10,500
—
46,295
26,400
83,195
10,500
99,000
45,689
32,675
187,864
994,875
—
81,641
584,248
1,660,764
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Additionally, we have accrued approximately $160.8 million associated with the TRA in long-term liabilities and $23.3 million of other
long-term liabilities as of December 31, 2016.
Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Business Combinations
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combination transactions, as defined by ASC 805, Business Combination, are
recorded at fair value using the acquisition method of accounting. We allocate the purchase price of acquisitions based upon the fair value of
each component which may be derived from various observable and unobservable inputs and assumptions. Initial purchase price allocations
are preliminary and subject to revision within the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of the transaction. The fair value of
property, plant and equipment and intangible assets may be based upon the discounted cash flow method that involves inputs that are not
observable in the market (Level 3). Goodwill assigned represents the amount of consideration transferred in excess of the fair value assigned
to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
Use of estimates
The preparation of the consolidated (successor) / combined (predecessor) financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets
and liabilities as of the reporting date, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could
differ from these estimates. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that the Company may
undertake in the future. The more significant estimates made by management relate to fair value estimates for assets and liabilities acquired in
business combinations; accrued liabilities for environmental cleanup, bodily injury and insurance claims; estimates for commitments and
contingencies; and estimates for deferred tax assets, the tax receivable agreement obligation, inventory reserves, allowance for doubtful
accounts and impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets.
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. The Company’s inventories are valued using the average cost and FIFO
methods. Inventories include materials, labor and applicable factory overhead costs. The value of inventory is adjusted for damaged, obsolete,
excess and slow-moving inventory. Market value of inventory is estimated considering the impact of market trends, an evaluation of economic
conditions, and the value of current orders relating to the future sales of each respective component of inventory.
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net
Goodwill represents the excess of costs over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company
evaluates goodwill and intangible assets in accordance with ASC 350, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (“ASC 350”). ASC 350 requires
goodwill to be either qualitatively or quantitatively assessed for impairment annually (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise) for each
reporting unit. The Company performs its annual impairment testing of goodwill as of October 1 of each year and in interim periods if events
occur that would indicate that it is more likely than not the fair value of a reporting unit is less than carrying value. The Company first assesses
qualitative factors to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as the basis
for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. The Company may elect to perform the two-step
goodwill impairment test without completing a qualitative assessment. If a two-step goodwill impairment test is elected or required, the first step
involves comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value,
the second step of the process involves comparing the implied fair value of goodwill to the carrying value of the goodwill for that reporting unit.
If the carrying value of the
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goodwill of a reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, the excess of the carrying value over the implied fair value is
recognized as an impairment loss.
The Company evaluates its intangible assets with finite lives for indications of impairment whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the net book value may not be recoverable. Intangible assets with finite lives consist of customer relationships,
customer backlogs, and brand names, and are amortized under a consumption method over the estimated useful lives. Factors that could
trigger an impairment review include significant under-performance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results,
significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business or significant negative industry or
economic trends.
If this evaluation indicates that the value of the intangible asset may be impaired, the Company makes an assessment of the
recoverability of the net book value of the asset over its remaining useful life. If this assessment indicates that the intangible asset is not
recoverable, based on the estimated undiscounted future cash flows of the asset over the remaining amortization period, the Company reduces
the net book value of the related intangible asset to fair value and may adjust the remaining amortization period.
Income Taxes
As of the date of the Acquisition, the Successor financial statements reflect a new tax basis of accounting as the Company includes
taxable entities independent of the Predecessor. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized principally for the expected tax
consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liability and their reported amounts, using currently enacted tax
rates. The measurement of a deferred tax asset is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion
or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.
The Company recognizes a tax benefit for uncertain tax positions if the Company believes it is more likely than not that the position will
be upheld on audit based solely on the technical merits of the tax position. The Company evaluates uncertain tax positions after the
consideration of all available information.
For the Predecessor periods, income tax expense and related current and deferred income taxes receivable and payable were
calculated assuming that the Predecessor files hypothetical stand-alone income tax returns in Canada and hypothetical consolidated income
tax returns for the U.S. building products activities. Losses and other tax attributes generated on a hypothetical stand-alone basis and
hypothetical consolidated return basis are reflected as deferred tax assets, even though some of those losses or attributes may have been
utilized by HC’s filing entities. All hypothetical current taxes payable or receivable are deemed settled through net parent investment. All tax
consequences associated with the Predecessor period were retained by HC.
Revenue recognition
Revenues are recognized by the Company when the risks and rewards associated with the transaction have been transferred to the
purchaser, which is demonstrated when all the following conditions are met: evidence of a binding arrangement exists (generally, purchase
orders), products have been delivered or services have been rendered, there is no future performance required, fees are fixed or determinable
and amounts are collectible under normal payment terms. Sales represent the net amounts charged or chargeable in respect of services
rendered and goods supplied, excluding intercompany sales. Sales are recognized net of any discounts given to the customer.
A portion of the Company's sales revenue is derived from sales to distributors. Distributor revenue is recognized when all of the criteria
for revenue recognition are met, which is generally the time of shipment to the distributor. All returns and credits are estimable and recognized
as contra-revenue.
The Company bills and incurs shipping costs to third parties for the transportation of building products to customers. For the year
ended December 31, 2016, the period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015, the period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015, and
the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recorded
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freight costs of approximately $104.6 million, $50.0 million, $9.2 million, and $52.4 million, respectively, on a gross basis within net sales and
cost of goods sold in the accompanying statements of operations.
The Company's revenues primarily relate to product shipments. For certain engineering and construction contracts and building
contracting arrangements, the Company recognizes revenue using the percentage of completion method, based on total contract costs
incurred to date compared to total estimated cost at completion for each contract. Changes to total estimated contract cost or losses, if any, are
recognized in the period in which they are determined. Pre-contract costs are expensed as incurred. If estimated total costs on a contract
indicate a loss, the entire loss is provided for in the financial statements immediately. To the extent the Company has invoiced and collected
from its customers more revenue than has been recognized as revenue using the percentage of completion method, the Company records the
excess amount invoiced as deferred revenue. Revenue recognized in excess of amounts billed and balances billed but not yet paid by
customers under retainage provisions are classified as a current asset within receivables, net on the balance sheet. For the year ended
December 31, 2016, the period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015, the period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015, and the year
ended December 31, 2014, revenue recognized in continuing operations using the percentage of completion method amounted to 3%, 6%, 5%
and 4% of total net sales, respectively.
The company generally provides limited warranties related to its products which cover manufacturing in accordance with the
specifications identified on the face of our quotation or order acknowledgment and to be free of defects in workmanship or materials. The
warranty periods typically extend for a limited duration of one year. The Company estimates and accrues for potential warranty exposure
related to products which have been delivered.
Recent Accounting Guidance Adopted
A summary of recent accounting pronouncements and our assessment of any expected impact of these pronouncements if known is
included in note 2 to the audited financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.
ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to financial risks such as changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates
and commodity price risk associated with our input costs. We utilize derivative instruments to manage selected foreign exchange and interest
rate exposures.
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to financial risks such as changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates
and commodity price risk associated with our input costs. We utilize derivative instruments to manage selected foreign exchange and interest
rate exposures. See note 13 to our audited financial statements.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our long-term debt. The interest expense associated with
our long-term debt will vary with market rates. Based upon our outstanding principal amount of debt of $1,146.4 million at December 31, 2016,
an increase in the current rate levels of 1% would result in an increase in our annual interest expense of $11.5 million
Foreign Currency Risk
Approximately 8.8% of our net sales for the year ended December 31, 2016 were made in countries outside of the U.S. . As a result,
we are exposed to movements in foreign exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other currencies. Based upon our net sales for the year
ended December 31, 2016, we estimate that a 1% change in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies would affect net
sales by approximately $1.1 million. This may differ from actual results depending on the levels of net sales outside of the U.S..
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On February 9, 2017, Forterra entered into two interest rate swap transactions with a combined notional value of $525 million. Under
the terms of both swap transactions, Forterra agreed to pay a fixed rate of interest of 1.52% and receive floating rate interest indexed to one-
month LIBOR with monthly settlement terms with the swap counterparties. The swap has a three-year tenor and expires on March 31, 2020.
Commodity Price Risk
We are subject to commodity price risks with respect to price changes mainly in the electricity and natural gas markets and other raw
material costs, such as cement, aggregates, steel and clay. Price fluctuations on our key inputs have a significant effect on our financial
performance. The markets for most of these commodities are cyclical and are affected by factors such as the global economic conditions,
changes in or disruptions to industry production capacity, changes in inventory levels and other factors beyond our control.
Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to a concentration of credit risk consist principally of accounts receivable. We provide
our products to customers based on an evaluation of the financial condition of our customers, generally without requiring collateral. Exposure to
losses on receivables is principally dependent on each customer's financial condition. We monitor the exposure for credit losses and maintain
allowances for anticipated losses. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to our accounts receivable are limited due to the large number of
customers comprising our customer base and their dispersion among many different geographies.
At December 31, 2016, the Company had an individual customer within its Water Pipe & Products segment that accounted for more than 10%
of total net sales for the year ended December 31, 2016. The customer represented approximately 11% of the Company's total net sales for the
year ended December 31, 2016, and had total receivables at December 31, 2016 totaling 13.2% of the Company total receivables, net. No
similar large customer existed for the year ended December 31, 2015.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Financial Statements
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Statements of Operations
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Statements of Comprehensive Loss
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Statements of Shareholders' Equity and Parent Company Net
Investment
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Statements of Cash Flows
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
of Forterra, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Forterra, Inc. (the Successor) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the
related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31,
2016 and for the period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015. We have also audited the accompanying statements of operations,
comprehensive loss, parent company net investment, and cash flows of the North American building products operations of HeidelbergCement
AG (the Predecessor) for the period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015 and for the year ended December 31, 2014. These financial
statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements
based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of
material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included
consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but
not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we
express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Forterra,
Inc. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31,
2016 and for the period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in
our opinion, the Predecessor financial statements referred to above present fairly in all material respects, the results of its operations and its
cash flows for the period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015 and for the year ended December 31, 2014, in conformity with U.S. generally
accepted accounting principles.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Dallas, Texas
March 31, 2017
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FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except share data and per share data)
Net sales
Cost of goods sold
Gross profit
Selling, general & administrative expenses
Impairment and exit charges
Earnings from equity method investee
Gain (loss) on sale of property, plant, and equipment, net
Other operating income
Income (loss) from operations
Other income (expenses)
Interest expense
Other income (expense), net
Income (loss) before income taxes
Income tax (expense) benefit
Income (loss) from continuing operations
Discontinued operations, net of tax
Net income (loss)
Basic and Diluted earnings (loss) per share (Note 16):
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Net income (loss)
Weighed average common shares outstanding:
Basic and Diluted
See accompanying notes to financial statements
$
$
$
$
$
Successor
Predecessor
Year ended
For the period from For the period from
Year ended
December 31,
2016
March 14 to December
31,
January 1 to March
13,
December 31,
2015
2015
2014
1,363,962 $
1,083,508
280,454
(216,099)
(2,218)
11,947
(21,274)
10,303
(217,341)
63,113
(125,048)
(847)
(62,782)
51,692
(11,090)
604,275 $
513,723
90,552
(121,554)
(1,026)
8,429
(624)
1,716
(113,059)
(22,507)
(45,953)
(326)
(68,786)
(5,392)
(74,178)
112,698 $
98,339
14,359
(17,106)
(542)
67
122
696
(16,763)
(2,404)
(82)
(28)
(2,514)
742
(1,772)
597,426
506,688
90,738
(85,859)
(4,261)
4,451
2,030
5,072
(78,567)
12,171
—
(88)
12,083
(2,660)
9,423
3,484
(8,608)
(3,984)
(575)
(7,606) $
(82,786) $
(5,756) $
8,848
(0.23) $
0.07 $
(0.16) $
(1.63)
(0.19)
(1.82)
49,053,474
45,369,474
65
Table of Contents
FORTERRA, iNC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Statements of Comprehensive Loss
(in thousands)
Net income (loss)
Actuarial gains on defined benefit plans, net of tax
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative activities, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Comprehensive loss
See accompanying notes to financial statements
Successor
Predecessor
For the period from For the period from
Year ended
December 31,
March 14 to
December 31,
January 1 to March
13,
Year ended
December 31,
2016
2015
2015
2014
$
$
(7,606) $
—
215
(472)
(7,863) $
(82,786) $
—
1,549
(6,317)
(87,554) $
(5,756) $
2,645
—
(19,751)
(22,862) $
8,848
(2,032)
—
(20,127)
(13,311)
66
Table of Contents
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share data)
Successor
December 31,
2016
2015
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Receivables, net
Inventories
Prepaid expenses
Other current assets
Current assets held for divestiture
Total current assets
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment, net
Goodwill
Intangible assets, net
Investment in equity method investee
Deferred tax assets
Derivative assets
Other long-term assets
Non-current assets held for divestiture
Total assets
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Trade payables
Accrued liabilities
Deferred revenue
Current portion of long-term debt
Current liabilities held for divestiture
Total current liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Senior Term Loan
Junior Term Loan
Revolving credit facility
Deferred tax liabilities
Deferred gain on sale-leaseback
Other long-term liabilities
Long-term TRA Payable (Note 15)
Non-current liabilities held for divestiture
Total liabilities
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 15)
Equity
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 63,924,124 shares issued and outstanding and 190,000,000 shares authorized at
December 31, 2016
Additional paid-in-capital
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Retained deficit
Total shareholders' equity
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
See accompanying notes to financial statements
67
$
$
$
40,024 $
201,481
279,502
6,417
5,179
—
532,603
452,914
491,447
281,598
55,236
—
—
10,988
—
$
1,824,786 $
134,059 $
82,165
20,797
10,500
—
247,521
990,483
—
95,064
100,550
78,215
23,253
156,783
—
1,691,869
26,027
106,626
168,572
992
1,735
72,056
376,008
315,859
75,492
26,062
56,289
413
5,853
3,875
79,024
938,875
85,137
47,726
19,420
2,191
19,329
173,803
467,192
236,446
—
2,365
—
5,763
—
991
886,560
18
228,316
(5,025)
(90,392)
132,917
1,824,786 $
—
139,869
(4,768)
(82,786)
52,315
938,875
Table of Contents
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Statements of Shareholders' Equity and Parent Company Net Investment
(in thousands, except share data)
Predecessor
Balance at December 31, 2013
Net income
Actuarial gains (losses) on defined benefit plans, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Net transfers (to)/from Parent
Balance at December 31, 2014
Net loss
Actuarial gains (losses) on defined benefit plans, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Net transfers (to)/from Parent
Balance at March 13, 2015
Accumulated Net
Contributions from
Parent
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income
(Loss)
Total Parent Company
Net Investment
$
$
725,890 $
8,848
—
—
(56,076)
678,662 $
(5,756)
—
—
60,910
970 $
—
(2,032)
(20,127)
—
(21,189) $
—
2,645
(19,751)
—
$
733,816 $
(38,295) $
726,860
8,848
(2,032)
(20,127)
(56,076)
657,473
(5,756)
2,645
(19,751)
60,910
695,521
Common Stock
Additional Paid-in-
Capital
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Retained Deficit
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
$
$
— $
—
—
—
—
—
— $
—
—
—
18
—
—
—
—
—
— $
167,482
(27,613)
—
—
—
139,869 $
402,127
(325,148)
(150,222)
303,787
(142,349)
—
—
252
—
— $
—
—
—
1,549
(6,317)
(4,768) $
—
—
—
—
—
—
215
—
(472)
— $
—
—
(82,786)
—
—
(82,786) $
—
—
—
—
—
(7,606)
—
—
—
—
167,482
(27,613)
(82,786)
1,549
(6,317)
52,315
402,127
(325,148)
(150,222)
303,805
(142,349)
(7,606)
215
252
(472)
$
18 $
228,316
$
(5,025)
$
(90,392)
$
132,917
Successor
Balance at March 14, 2015
Initial capital contribution from parent
Return of contributed capital, net
Net loss
Gains on derivative transactions, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Balance at December 31, 2015
Capital contributions from parent
Return of contributed capital, net
Brick Disposition, net of tax
Issuance of common stock
Issuance of tax receivable agreement, net of tax
Net loss
Gains on derivative transactions, net of tax
Share-based compensation expense
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Balance at December 31, 2016
See accompanying notes to financial statements
68
Table of Contents
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
Successor
Predecessor
Year ended
December 31,
For the period
from
March 14 to
December 31,
For the period
from
January 1 to
March 13,
Year ended
December 31,
2016
2015
2015
2014
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income (loss)
$
(7,606) $
(82,786) $
(5,756) $
8,848
Adjustments to reconcile net income/ (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation & amortization expense
Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs
Impairment on property, plant, and equipment and goodwill
Write-off of debt discount and issuance costs
Earnings from equity method investee
Distributions from equity method investee
Unrealized foreign currency gains, net
Provision (recoveries) for doubtful accounts
Deferred taxes
Deferred rent
Other non-cash items
Change in assets and liabilities:
Receivables, net
Inventories
Other assets
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Other assets & liabilities
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
Proceeds from the sale of long-term assets
Assets and liabilities acquired, business combinations, net
Distribution of preferred investment from equity method investee
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from sale-leaseback
Payment of debt issuance costs
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net
Payments on Senior and Junior Term Loans
Proceeds from Senior and Junior Term Loans, net
Proceeds from Revolver
Payments on Revolver
Proceeds from settlement of derivatives
Capital contribution from Predecessor Parent, net
Capital contribution from parent
Payments for return of contributed capital
Other financing activities
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period (a)
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES:
Cash interest paid
Income taxes paid
SUPPLEMENTAL NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING DISCLOSURES:
Brick Disposition, net of tax
99,873
21,267
8,244
—
22,385
(11,947)
13,000
(2,540)
(1,864)
(67,619)
1,371
1,264
16,852
14,916
(6,412)
(27,655)
3,396
76,925
(54,289)
—
(1,008,158)
—
32,930
618
5,085
1,088
—
(8,429)
8,542
(1,391)
1,377
(3,138)
1,279
(13)
28,900
59,506
(2,153)
72,422
7,580
121,417
(14,705)
2,194
(885,528)
—
216,280
(20,036)
303,805
(1,300,536)
1,593,150
398,611
(248,173)
6,546
—
402,127
(363,582)
(6,464)
981,728
228
(3,566)
43,590
—
(27,410)
—
(5,366)
730,404
45,619
(45,619)
—
—
167,482
(42,513)
(17)
822,580
(2,368)
43,590
—
6,894
(122)
—
27
—
(67)
—
(26)
(31)
2,749
—
(1,736)
(7,520)
(20,160)
(855)
(20,119)
(1,502)
(48,224)
36,605
(2,329)
—
3,977
—
(4,451)
3,000
—
(786)
618
—
717
(9,473)
(31,395)
512
12,822
7,253
25,918
(2,762)
(22,792)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(3)
60,907
(130)
9,791
42
5,891
—
15,000
(1,901)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(373)
(23,990)
10
37
5
42
—
—
—
60,910
(23,617)
(1,062,447)
(898,039)
(2,762)
$
40,024 $
43,590
$
9,833 $
77,437
66,264
25,379
—
(150,222)
—
—
—
—
Issuance of tax receivable agreement, net of tax
Other affiliate transactions affecting Contributed Capital
(142,349)
38,434
Fair value changes of derivatives recorded in OCI, net of tax
(a) At December 31, 2015, $17,563 of cash and cash equivalents are attributable to current assets held for divestiture.
215
—
14,900
1,549
—
—
—
—
32,459
—
69
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
1. Organization and description of the business
General
Forterra, Inc. (“Forterra”, the "Company", or "Successor") is involved in the manufacturing, sale and distribution of building materials in
the United States (‘‘U.S.’’) and Canada. Forterra’s primary products are concrete drainage pipe, precast concrete structures, and water
transmission pipe used in drinking and wastewater systems. These products are used in the residential, infrastructure and non-residential
sectors of the construction industry.
Forterra, a Delaware corporation, was formed on June 21, 2016 to hold the business of Forterra Building Products following the
Reorganization (as defined below).
The business of Forterra Building Products included indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of LSF9 Concrete Holdings Ltd. ("LSF9"). Lone
Star Fund IX (U.S.), L.P. (along with its affiliates and associates, but excluding the Company and other companies that it owns as a result of its
investment activity, "Lone Star"), through its wholly-owned subsidiary LSF9, acquired the business of Forterra Building Products on March 13,
2015 (the "Acquisition"). LSF9, which was formed on February 6, 2015 for the purpose of acquiring the business of Forterra Building Products
had no operations prior to the date of the Acquisition.
Prior to the Acquisition, the entities comprising the business of Forterra Building Products which were acquired by Lone Star were
indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of HeidelbergCement A.G. (“HC” or “Parent”), a publicly listed company in Germany, encompassing HC's
North American building products operations (“BP NAM" or the “Predecessor”). LSF9 acquired BP NAM in a business combination which also
included the acquisition of HC’s U.K.-based building products operations for a total initial purchase price of $1.33 billion cash, including
customary working capital adjustments and a possible earn-out of up to $100.0 million as contingent consideration. The acquisition of BP NAM
and HC's UK-based building products business was funded with an equity investment of $432.3 million and third-party debt in the amount of
$940.0 million. As HC's U.K.-based building products operations are not part of Forterra, Forterra was allocated a proportion of the total debt
and equity used in the Acquisition.
Initial Public Offering
On October 6, 2016, Forterra filed an Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation which increased the number of authorized
shares of common stock from 1,000 with a par value of $0.01 per share to 190,000,000 with a par value of $0.001 per share, and, immediately
after which, effected a 41,619.472 for one stock split of its issued and outstanding common stock previously approved by the Company's Board
of Directors. Following the stock split there were 41,619,472 shares of common stock outstanding. The Company's Amended and Restated
Certificate of Incorporation has also authorized 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock that may be issued at the approval of the Company's
Board of Directors. No shares of preferred stock have been issued or were outstanding as of December 31, 2016.
On October 25, 2016, Forterra sold 18,420,000 shares of common stock in its initial public offering (the "Offering") at a public offering
price of $18.00 per share. The Company received net proceeds of $313.3 million in the Offering before offering costs.
Reorganization
Prior to the consummation of the Offering, LSF9 distributed its brick operations in the United States and Eastern Canada to an affiliate
of Lone Star (the "Bricks Disposition"), recognized as a return of capital in the statement of shareholders' equity. Following the Bricks
Disposition and prior to the consummation of the Offering, the remaining building products operations of LSF9 in the United States and Eastern
Canada, were transferred to Forterra, Inc. in an internal reorganization under common control transaction (the "Reorganization"). Following the
Reorganization, Forterra, Inc. became a wholly owned subsidiary of Forterra US Holdings, LLC, which is indirectly wholly owned by an affiliate
of Lone Star.
70
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
The Reorganization was accounted for as a change in reporting entity, and the consolidated financial statements of the Successor have
been retrospectively adjusted for all periods presented to reflect the new organizational structure following the Reorganization, including the
presentation of discontinued operations associated with the Bricks Disposition.
Refinancing
Concurrent with the completion of the Offering, Forterra entered into a new asset based revolving credit facility for working capital and
general corporate purposes (the “ 2016 Revolver”) and a new $1.05 billion senior term loan facility (“2016 Senior Term Loan”), the proceeds of
which, together with a $125.0 million draw on the 2016 Revolver and $296.0 million in proceeds from the Offering, were used to repay in full
and terminate the then-existing asset based revolving credit facility (the “2015 Revolver”), $1.04 billion senior term loan (the “2015 Senior Term
Loan”) and $260.0 million junior term loan (the “Junior term Loan”).
The terms of the 2016 Senior Term Loan and 2016 Revolver are described in greater detail in note 10, Debt and deferred financing
costs.
Basis of Presentation - Successor
In the accompanying financial information, Successor refers to the consolidated financial statements of Forterra and Predecessor
refers to the combined financial statements of BP NAM. The term “Company” is used throughout the combined financial statements and applies
to either the Predecessor or the Successor.
The Successor’s consolidated financial statements include certain assets and liabilities historically held at LSF9, including the
proportionate debt and related interest expense incurred by LSF9 to acquire the Company that Forterra was obligated to pay. The Company's
portion of Lone Star's initial $432.3 million equity investment is $167.5 million. The Company’s allocated portion of the $940.0 million of third
party debt used to finance the Acquisition was $515.5 million. The remaining $424.5 million of the debt was allocated to affiliates of LSF9 that
are not included in these financial statements based on the amounts affiliates of LSF9 have fully repaid. The Company and the affiliates of
LSF9 were co-obligors and jointly and severally liable under the terms of the initial credit agreements related to the 2015 Senior Term Loan,
Junior Term Loan and 2015 Revolver (the "Initial Credit Agreements"). In April of 2016, the Company’s affiliate co-obligors were released from
joint and several liability under the Initial Credit Agreements and the Company was consequently the sole source of repayment for its $515.5
million share of the initial obligation under the Initial Credit Agreements. The balance was settled by Forterra in the Refinancing. See further
discussion in note 10, Debt and deferred financing costs.
71
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
Recent Transactions
A number of transactions have been completed since the Acquisition, described further in note 3. These transactions include:
Acquisitions:
2015
Cretex Concrete Products, Inc.
2016
Sherman-Dixie Concrete Industries
USP Holdings, Inc.
Bio Clean Environmental Services, Inc. and Modular Wetland Systems, Inc.
J&G Concrete Operations, LLC
Precast Concepts, LLC
Purchase Price
(in millions)
$
245.1
66.8
778.7
30.6
32.4
99.6
In addition, on April 12, 2016, Forterra sold its roof tile business for aggregate consideration of $10.5 million (the "Roof Tile
Divestiture"). The Roof Tile divestiture generated a loss of $0.8 million recorded in other income (expense), net.
2. Summary of significant accounting policies
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements for the Successor periods include the accounts and results of operations of Forterra, Inc. and its
consolidated subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Basis of Presentation - Predecessor
Description of Business - Predecessor
The legal entities comprising BP NAM were a component of the North American operating segment of HC and consisted of U.S.
operating entities that were directly owned by Lehigh Hanson, Inc. (‘‘LHI’’), a U.S. holding company, and Canadian operating entities that were
directly owned by Hanson America Holdings (4), Ltd., a U.K. holding company.
These financial statements are labeled as predecessor because they reflect the combined predecessor historical results of operations,
financial position and cash flows of BP NAM, as they were historically managed under the control of HC, in conformity with U.S. GAAP.
All intracompany transactions occurring between the predecessor entities have been eliminated. Certain transactions between the
Company and HC have been included in these combined predecessor financial statements and are considered to be effectively settled at the
time the transaction is recorded. The total net effect of the settlement of these transactions is reflected in the combined predecessor statements
of shareholder's equity and Parent company net investment as net transfers (to)/from Parent, in the combined predecessor statements of cash
flows as a financing activity and in the combined predecessor balance sheet as Parent company net investment.
72
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
HC used a centralized approach to cash management and financing of its operations. Historically, the majority of the Predecessor's
cash was transferred to HC daily and the Company was dependent on HC funding of the Company’s operating and investing activities as
needed. This arrangement is not reflective of the manner in which the Company would have been able to finance its operations had it been a
stand-alone business separate from HC during the periods presented. Cash transfers to and from HC's cash management accounts are
reflected within Parent company net investment.
Cash and cash equivalents held by HC at the corporate level were not specifically identifiable to the Company and therefore were not
allocated for any of the Predecessor periods presented.
The historical costs and expenses reflected in the combined predecessor financial statements include an allocation for certain
corporate functions historically provided by HC or its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Historically, the centralized functions have included executive
senior management, financial reporting, financial planning and analysis, accounting, shared services, information technology, tax, risk
management, treasury, legal, human resources, land management, and strategy and development. Additionally, historically the Company
resided in office space provided by affiliates of HC. The cost of each of these services has been allocated to the Company in the predecessor
periods on the basis of the Company’s relative net sales or head count as compared to that of HC depending upon which allocation
methodology is more meaningful for each service.
The Company and HC believe that these allocations reasonably reflect the utilization of services provided and benefits received.
However, they may differ from the cost that would have been incurred had the Company operated as a stand-alone company for the periods
presented or will be incurred by the Successor. Estimating actual costs that would have been incurred if the Company had been a stand-alone
company is not practicable and would depend on multiple factors, including organizational structure and strategic decisions made in various
areas, including legal services, accounting and finance services, human resources, marketing and contract support, customer support,
treasury, facility and other corporate and infrastructural services.
Business Combinations
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combination transactions, as defined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board
(“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, Business Combination, are recorded at fair value using the acquisition method of
accounting. The Company allocates the purchase price of acquisitions based upon the fair value of each component which may be derived
from various observable and unobservable inputs and assumptions. Initial purchase price allocations are preliminary and subject to revision
within the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of the transaction. The fair value of property, plant and equipment and
intangible assets may be based upon the discounted cash flow method that involves inputs that are not observable in the market (Level 3).
Goodwill assigned represents the amount of consideration transferred in excess of the fair value assigned to identifiable assets acquired and
liabilities assumed.
Use of estimates
The preparation of the consolidated (successor) / combined (predecessor) financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets
and liabilities as of the reporting date, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could
differ from these estimates. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that the Company may
undertake in the future. The more significant estimates made by management relate to fair value estimates for assets and liabilities acquired in
business combinations; accrued liabilities for environmental cleanup, bodily injury and insurance claims; estimates for commitments and
contingencies; and estimates for deferred tax assets, the tax receivable agreement obligation, inventory reserves, allowance for doubtful
accounts and impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets.
73
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
Cash and cash equivalents
Successor cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and other highly liquid investments having an original maturity of less than
three months.
Predecessor treasury activities were centralized by HC such that the net cash collections were automatically distributed to HC and
reflected as Parent company net investment. At times, the Company may have had a cash balance due to timing differences.
Receivables, net
Receivables are recorded at net realizable value, which includes allowances for doubtful accounts. The Company reviews the
collectability of trade receivables on an ongoing basis. The Company reserves for trade receivables determined to be uncollectible. This
determination is based on the delinquency of the account, the financial condition of the customer and the Company’s collection experience.
HC maintained accounts receivable securitization programs in both the United States and Canada to provide additional sources of
working capital and long-term financing. Under the program, HC sold, on a revolving basis, selected trade sales invoices to either wholly-owned
special purpose subsidiaries (the “SPSs”), which are consolidated in HC consolidated financial statements, or in Canada to an unrelated third-
party commercial paper conduit. The SPSs in turn enter into agreements with an unrelated third-party commercial paper conduit to acquire
long-term financing, using the accounts receivable as collateral. Under the terms of the programs for the United States and Canada, the
Company maintained effective control over the selected trade sales invoices. In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board
(“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 860, Transfers and Servicing (“ASC 860”), the accounts receivable securitization
transactions have not been accounted for as sales in the United States and Canada. The Company was responsible for the collection of
invoices sold by the Company under the securitization programs. Cash collected by the Company was remitted to the SPS who then remitted
the cash collections to the buyers of the accounts receivable on a contractually agreed basis.
Concentration of credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are primarily receivables. The Company
performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally requires no collateral from its customers. The allowances
for uncollectible receivables are based upon analysis of economic trends in the construction industry, detailed analysis of the expected
collectibility of accounts receivable that are past due and the expected collectibility of overall receivables.
At December 31, 2016, the Company had an individual customer within its Water Pipe & Products segment that accounted for more
than 10% of total net sales for the year ended December 31, 2016. The customer represented approximately 11% of the Company's total net
sales for the year ended December 31, 2016, and had total receivables at December 31, 2016 totaling 13% of the Company total receivables,
net.
Concentrations of Labor
Approximately 28% of the Company’s employees are represented by collective bargaining
agreements, and 55% of these employees are included in collective bargaining agreements that expire
within 12 months.
74
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. The Company’s inventories are valued using the average cost and FIFO
methods. Inventories include materials, labor and applicable factory overhead costs. The value of inventory is adjusted for damaged, obsolete,
excess and slow-moving inventory. Market value of inventory is estimated considering the impact of market trends, an evaluation of economic
conditions, and the value of current orders relating to the future sales of each respective component of inventory.
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, which includes amounts recorded under capital lease arrangements, is stated at cost less accumulated
depreciation. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the
assets. These lives range from 20 to 40 years for buildings, 4 to 20 years for machinery and equipment, and 5 to 10 years for other equipment
and lower of lease term or useful life on leasehold improvements. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. The Company’s
depreciation expense is recorded in cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses in the statements of operations. The
Company capitalizes interest during the active construction of major projects. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the underlying assets
and is depreciated over the useful lives of those assets. There was no interest capitalized for any of the periods presented in the financial
statements.
Impairment or disposal of long-lived assets
The Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC 360, Property, Plant and
Equipment (“ASC 360”). ASC 360 requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles be reviewed for impairment whenever
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets is
measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. Such
evaluations for impairment are significantly impacted by estimates of future prices for the Company’s products, capital needs, economic trends
in the construction sector and other factors. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured at the
amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds their fair value. Assets to be disposed of by sale are reflected at the lower of their
carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell.
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net
Goodwill represents the excess of costs over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company
evaluates goodwill and intangible assets in accordance with ASC 350, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (“ASC 350”). ASC 350 requires
goodwill to be either qualitatively or quantitatively assessed for impairment annually (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise) for each
reporting unit. The Company performs its annual impairment testing of goodwill as of October 1 of each year and in interim periods if events
occur that would indicate that it is more likely than not the fair value of a reporting unit is less than carrying value. The Company first assesses
qualitative factors to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as the basis
for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. The Company may elect to perform the two-step
goodwill impairment test without completing a qualitative assessment. If a two-step goodwill impairment test is elected or required, the first step
involves comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value,
the second step of the process involves comparing the implied fair value of goodwill to the carrying value of the goodwill for that reporting unit.
If the carrying value of the goodwill of a reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, the excess of the carrying value over the
implied fair value is recognized as an impairment loss.
The Company evaluates its intangible assets with finite lives for indications of impairment whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the net book value may not be recoverable. Intangible assets
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with finite lives consist of customer relationships, customer backlogs, and brand names, and are amortized under a consumption method over
the estimated useful lives. Factors that could trigger an impairment review include significant under-performance relative to expected historical
or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business
or significant negative industry or economic trends.
If this evaluation indicates that the value of the intangible asset may be impaired, the Company makes an assessment of the
recoverability of the net book value of the asset over its remaining useful life. If this assessment indicates that the intangible asset is not
recoverable, based on the estimated undiscounted future cash flows of the asset over the remaining amortization period, the Company reduces
the net book value of the related intangible asset to fair value and may adjust the remaining amortization period.
Investment in equity method investee
The Company has an investment in a joint venture accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method, carrying value is
adjusted for the Company's share of the investee's earnings and losses, as well as capital contributions to and distributions from the investee.
Distributions in excess of equity method earnings are recognized as a return of investment and recorded as investing cash inflows in the
accompanying consolidated (successor) / combined (predecessor) statements of cash flows. The Company classifies its share of income and
loss related to its investments in its investee as a component of operating income or loss, as the Company's investments in the investee is an
extension of the Company's core business operations.
The Company evaluates its investment in the equity method investee for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying value of its investment may have experienced an "other-than-temporary" decline in value. If such conditions exist, the
Company compares the estimated fair value of the investment to its carrying value to determine if an impairment is indicated and determines
whether the impairment is "other-than-temporary" based on its assessment of all relevant factors, including consideration of the Company's
intent and ability to retain its investment.
Derivatives and Hedge Accounting
The Company has entered into derivative instruments to mitigate interest rate and foreign exchange rate risk. Certain derivative
instruments are designated for hedge accounting under ASC 815-20, Derivatives - Hedging. Instruments that meet hedge criteria are formally
designated as hedges at the inception of the instrument.
The Company’s derivative assets and liabilities are measured at fair value. Fair value related to the cash flows occurring within one
year are classified as current and the fair value related to the cash flows occurring beyond one year are classified as non-current in the
combined balance sheets. For those instruments designated as hedges, the Company recognizes the changes in fair value in other
comprehensive income (“OCI”), and recognizes any ineffectiveness immediately in earnings.
Valuation of derivative assets and liabilities reflect the value of the instrument including counterparty credit risk. These values also take
into account the Company’s own credit standing.
Deferred financing costs
In conjunction with its debt, the Company recorded debt discounts and debt issuance costs totaling $50.3 million as of December 31,
2016. These costs are amortized over the life of the applicable debt instrument to interest expense utilizing the effective interest method.
Fair value measurement
The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to
the extent possible. The Company determines fair value based on assumptions that
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market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. When considering market participant
assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which
are categorized in one of the following levels:
Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the
measurement date.
Level 2 Inputs – Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly,
for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3 Inputs – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not
available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at measurement date.
The Company's other financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, accounts
payable, accrued expenses, derivative financial instruments and long-term debt. The carrying value of the Company’s trade and other
receivables, trade payables and accrued expenses approximates fair value due to their highly liquid nature, short-term maturity, or competitive
rates assigned to these financial instruments.
The Company adjusts the carrying amount of certain non-financial assets to fair value on a non-recurring basis when they are
impaired.
Foreign currency translation
The Company uses the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for operations in the U.S. and Mexico, and the Canadian dollar for
operations in Canada. The assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the Company’s Canadian operations are translated in accordance with
ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters.
Environmental remediation liabilities
The Company accrues for costs on an undiscounted basis associated with environmental remediation obligations when such costs are
probable and reasonably estimable; if an estimated amount is likely to fall within a range and no amount within that range can be determined to
be the better estimate, the minimum amount of the range is recorded. Claims for recoveries from insurance carriers and other third parties are
not recorded until it is probable that the recoveries will be realized. Such accruals are adjusted as further information develops or
circumstances change. Environmental expenditures that relate to current operations or to conditions caused by past operations are
expensed. Expenditures that create future benefits are capitalized. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had environmental
obligations of $1.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively, which are recorded within accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the
balance sheets.
Defined benefit pension plans and other post-retirement benefits
The Predecessor’s Canadian employees participated in defined benefit pension plans sponsored by the Company. The Company’s
U.S. salaried employees and non-union hourly employees participated in defined benefit pension plans sponsored by an affiliate of HC.
Approximately 37% of the Predecessor’s labor force were covered by collective bargaining agreements. These plans included other Parent
employees of HC affiliates that are not employees of the Company. LHI also provided certain retiree health and life insurance benefits to
eligible employees who have retired from the Company. Salaried participants generally became eligible for retiree health care benefits when
they retired from active service at age 60 or later. Benefits, eligibility, and cost-sharing provisions for the hourly employees vary by location
and/or bargaining unit. Generally, the health care plans pay a stated percentage of most medical and dental expenses reduced for any
deductible, co-payment and payments made by government programs and other group coverage. The Predecessor accounted for its U.S.
defined benefit pension plans as multiemployer plans under ASC 715, Compensation – Benefit Plans (“ASC 715”). Liability for the Predecessor
defined benefit plans were retained by HC.
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Additionally, the Predecessor had employees that were covered under several union-sponsored, multiemployer pension plans. Such
plans are accounted for as defined contribution plans as it is not possible to isolate the components of such plans that would collectively
comprise the Company’s liability. Liabilities for the Predecessor plans were retained by HC.
Stock-based plans
The Company applies the provisions of ASC 718, "Compensation - Stock Compensation," in its accounting and reporting for stock-
based compensation. ASC 718 requires all stock-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized
in the income statement based on their fair values. All unvested options outstanding under the Company's option plans have grant prices equal
to the market price of the Company's stock on the dates of grant. Compensation cost for restricted stock and restricted stock units is
determined based on the fair market value of the Company's stock at the date of grant. Stock-based compensation expense is generally
recognized over the required service period, or over a shorter period when employee retirement eligibility is a factor. Awards that may be
settled in cash or company stock are classified as liabilities and remeasured at fair value at the end of each reporting period until the awards
are settled.
Income Taxes
As of the date of the Acquisition, the Successor financial statements reflect a new tax basis of accounting as the Company includes
taxable entities independent of the Predecessor. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized principally for the expected tax
consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liability and their reported amounts, using currently enacted tax
rates. The measurement of a deferred tax asset is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion
or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.
The Company recognizes a tax benefit for uncertain tax positions only if the Company believes it is more likely than not that the
position will be upheld on audit based solely on the technical merits of the tax position. The Company evaluates uncertain tax positions after
the consideration of all available information.
For the Predecessor periods, income tax expense and related current and deferred income taxes receivable and payable were
calculated assuming that the Predecessor files hypothetical stand-alone income tax returns in Canada and hypothetical consolidated income
tax returns for the U.S. building products activities. Losses and other tax attributes generated on a hypothetical stand-alone basis and
hypothetical consolidated return basis are reflected as deferred tax assets, even though some of those losses or attributes may have been
utilized by HC’s filing entities. All hypothetical current taxes payable or receivable are deemed settled through net parent investment. All tax
consequences associated with the Predecessor period were retained by HC.
Revenue recognition
Revenues are recognized by the Company when the risks and rewards associated with the transaction have been transferred to the
purchaser, which is demonstrated when all the following conditions are met: evidence of a binding arrangement exists (generally, purchase
orders), products have been delivered or services have been rendered, there is no future performance required, fees are fixed or determinable
and amounts are collectible under normal payment terms. Sales represent the net amounts charged or chargeable in respect of services
rendered and goods supplied, excluding intercompany sales. Sales are recognized net of any discounts given to the customer.
A portion of the Company's sales revenue is derived from sales to distributors. Distributor revenue is recognized when all of the criteria
for revenue recognition are met, which is generally the time of shipment to the distributor. All returns and credits are estimable and recognized
as contra-revenue.
The Company bills and incurs shipping costs to third parties for the transportation of building products to customers. For the year
ended December 31, 2016, the period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015, the
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period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015, and the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recorded freight costs of approximately
$104.6 million, $50.0 million, $9.2 million, and $52.4 million, respectively, on a gross basis within net sales and cost of goods sold in the
accompanying statements of operations.
The Company's revenues primarily relate to product shipments. For certain engineering and construction contracts and building
contracting arrangements, the Company recognizes revenue using the percentage of completion method, based on total contract costs
incurred to date compared to total estimated cost at completion for each contract. Changes to total estimated contract cost or losses, if any, are
recognized in the period in which they are determined. Pre-contract costs are expensed as incurred. If estimated total costs on a contract
indicate a loss, the entire loss is provided for in the financial statements immediately. To the extent the Company has invoiced and collected
from its customers more revenue than has been recognized as revenue using the percentage of completion method, the Company records the
excess amount invoiced as deferred revenue. Revenue recognized in excess of amounts billed and balances billed but not yet paid by
customers under retainage provisions are classified as a current asset within receivables, net on the balance sheet. For the year ended
December 31, 2016, the period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015, the period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015, and the year
ended December 31, 2014, revenue recognized in continuing operations using the percentage of completion method amounted to 3%, 6%, 5%
and 4% of total net sales, respectively.
The company generally provides limited warranties related to its products which cover manufacturing in accordance with the
specifications identified on the face of our quotation or order acknowledgment and to be free of defects in workmanship or materials. The
warranty periods typically extend for a limited duration of one year. The Company estimates and accrues for potential warranty exposure
related to products which have been delivered.
Cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses
Cost of goods sold includes costs of production, inbound freight charges for raw materials, outbound freight to customers, purchasing
and receiving costs, inspection costs and warehousing at plant distribution facilities. Selling, general and administrative costs include expenses
for sales, marketing, legal, accounting and finance services, human resources, customer support, treasury and other general corporate
services.
Proceeds from Insurance
In 2016, a facility of the Company sustained fire damage for which insurance claims were made. The Company recognized a net
insurance recovery gain of $3.8 million that was reported a component of the Company's loss from operations in Other operating income.
Proceeds from insurance settlements, except for those directly related to investing or financing activities, were recognized as cash inflows from
operating activities. The losses related to such an event are recognized as incurred. As the majority of the damage was to fully depreciated
assets, the amount of losses were less than the amount of the insurance proceeds received. Insurance proceeds are recorded to the extent of
the losses and then, only if recovery is realized or probable. Any gain in excess of losses are recognized only when the contingencies
regarding the recovery are resolved, and the amount is fixed or determinable.
Recent Accounting Guidance Adopted
In March 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810), Amendments to the
Consolidation Analysis, changing the analysis that a reporting entity must perform when deciding to consolidate a legal entity. This amendment
changes the evaluation of whether limited partnerships are variable interest entities or voting interest entities and eliminates the presumption
that a general partner should consolidate a limited partnership. All legal entities are subject to reevaluation under the revised consolidation
model. The amendment is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and can be applied either
retrospectively to each period presented or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company
adopted ASU 2015-02 effective January 1, 2016 and recognized no change in its consolidated conclusions as a result.
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In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure
of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, defining when and how companies are required to disclose going
concern uncertainties, which must be evaluated each interim and annual period. Specifically, it requires management to determine whether
substantial doubt exists regarding the entity’s going concern presumption. Substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going
concern exists when relevant conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, indicate that it is probable that the entity will be unable to
meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date the financial statements are issued. If substantial doubt exists, certain
disclosures are required. The provisions of this ASU are effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016 and to annual and interim
periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. The ASU should be applied on a prospective basis. The Company adopted ASU 2014-15
effective January 1, 2016 and recognized no change in its disclosures as a result.
In the first quarter of 2016, the Company adopted ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes on a prospective
basis. This ASU requires entities to classify all deferred tax assets and liabilities as non-current on the balance sheet. As a result of the
adoption of ASU 2015-17, deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented as a net non-current deferred tax liability on the
Company's December 31, 2016 balance sheet. The adoption of ASU 2015-17 did not have any impact on the Company's results of operations
or cash flows.
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Assets, intended to
simplify the presentation of deferred taxes on the balance sheet and will require an entity to present all deferred tax assets and deferred tax
liability as non-current on the balance sheet. The new accounting guidance was effective for annual period beginning after December 15, 2016
with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted ASU 2015-17 as of March 1 2015 and applied the new guidance prospectively.
In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805). Topic 805 requires an acquirer to
retrospectively adjust provisional amounts recognized in a business combination during the measurement period. To simplify the accounting for
adjustments made to provisional amounts, the amendments in this update require that the acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional
amounts that are identified during the measurement-period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amount is determined. The acquirer
is required to also record, in the same period’s financial statements, the effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization or other
income effects, if any, as a result of the change to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the
acquisition date. In addition, an entity is required to present separately on the face of the income statement or disclose in the notes to the
financial statements the portion of the amount recorded in current period earnings by line item that would have been recorded in previous
reporting periods if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date. For public business entities, the
amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within those fiscal years.
In March 2016, the FASB issued an amendment related to share-based payments to employees. The new guidance requires that
excess tax benefits (which represent the excess of actual tax benefits received at the date of vesting or settlement over the benefits recognized
over the vesting period or upon issuance of share-based payments) and tax deficiencies (which represent the amount by which actual tax
benefits received at the date of vesting or settlement is lower than the benefits recognized over the vesting period or upon issuance of share-
based payments) be recorded in the income statement as a reduction or increase of income taxes when the awards vest. The new guidance
also requires excess tax benefits to be classified as an operating activity in the statement of cash flows rather than a financing activity. The
amendment also simplifies other aspects of share-based payment transactions, including classification of awards that permit repurchases to
satisfy statutory tax withholding requirements and classification of tax payments on behalf of employees on the statement of cash flows. The
guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those periods, with early adoption
permitted. The Company elected to early adopt this guidance and apply it prospectively to its share-based awards issued in October 2016. As
permitted by the guidance, the Company will elect to recognize forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimating forfeitures as previously
required. As the Company had no prior share-based awards, no retrospective adjustment upon adoption was required.
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Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted
In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance (the effective date of which was later delayed) that outlines a single comprehensive model for
accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers, which supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance. This
guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the
consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services and also requires certain additional disclosures.
The guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods that begin after December 15, 2017. Early adoption of the standard is
permitted, but not before the original effective date of December 15, 2016. During the second quarter of 2016, the FASB issued additional
revenue recognition guidance that clarifies how an entity identifies performance obligations related to customer contracts as well as the
objectives of collectability, sales and other taxes, non-cash consideration, contract modifications at transition, and technical corrections. The
guidance is effective beginning in the first quarter of 2018, and the Company does not currently plan to early adopt the guidance. The guidance
permits two methods of adoption, retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the
cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective method). The Company
will utilize the modified retrospective method upon adoption, and continues to evaluate the effect that the updated standard will have on its
consolidated financial condition and results of operations.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, requiring an entity to
measure inventory within the scope of the ASU at the lower of cost and net realizable value. For public business entities, the amendments in
this update are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those
fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating whether this ASU will have a material impact on its combined financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), amending the existing accounting standards for lease
accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and making targeted changes to lessor accounting.
For public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018,
including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted as of the standard’s issuance date. ASU 2016-02 requires a
modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use
certain transition relief. The Company believes this ASU will have a material impact on its combined financial statements as it will result in most
of the Company’s leases and associated assets being presented on the balance sheet.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15 Statements of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and
Cash Payments, providing clarifications as to the presentation and classification in the cash flows of eight specific issues, including but not
limited to prepayment of debt or debt extinguishment costs and contingent consideration payments made after a business combination. For
public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December
15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of the ASU will impact the Company's cash flow presentation in future
periods.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04 Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill
Impairment to simplify the accounting for goodwill impairment. The guidance removes the second step of the goodwill impairment test, which
requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value
exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. All other goodwill impairment guidance will remain largely unchanged.
Entities will continue to have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if a quantitative impairment test is necessary. The
same one-step impairment test will be applied to goodwill at all reporting units, even those with zero or negative carrying amounts. Entities will
be required to disclose the amount of goodwill at reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts. This guidance is effective in 2020, but
early adoption is permitted for any
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impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on our financial
condition and results of operations.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01 Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business in an effort
to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be
accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on
its financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15 Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and
Cash Payments to reduce diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of
cash flows. The new amendment is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim
periods within those periods, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that this standard will have on our statement
of cash flows.
3. Business combinations
The acquisitions described below have been/are accounted for as a business combinations as defined by ASC 805. The Company
allocated the purchase price to the individually identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair value on the
date of acquisition. The excess purchase price over those fair values was recorded as goodwill. The determination of fair values of the acquired
assets and assumed liabilities required significant judgment, including estimates impacting the determination of estimated lives of tangible and
intangible assets, calculation of the fair value of property, plant and equipment, inventory, and various intangibles. The fair values of assets and
liabilities were determined using level 3 inputs as defined by ASC 820.
Transaction Overview – The Acquisition
The Successor’s financial statements reflect the Acquisition of the Predecessor that occurred on March 13, 2015. Certain liabilities of
the Predecessor were not assumed by the Successor including, but not limited to pension liabilities, tax and insurance related liabilities and
multi-employer pension liabilities.
The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed by the Company at the Acquisition date:
Net working capital
Property, plant and equipment, net
Investment in equity method investee
Customer backlog intangible
Other assets and other liabilities
Net identifiable assets acquired
Goodwill
Consideration transferred, net of cash acquired
Fair Value
257,368
311,191
56,400
4,500
(6,495)
622,964
17,464
640,428
$
$
$
The goodwill recognized was attributable primarily to expected operating efficiencies and expansion opportunities in the business
acquired.
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Financing transactions
Consideration to fund the Acquisition was provided by an equity investment of $167.5 million and proceeds from third-party debt, net of
original discount and debt issuance costs, in the amount of $472.9 million. The financing transactions included the 2015 Senior Term Loan in
the amount of $254.9 million ($241.7 million, net of $13.2 million of original issue discount and debt issuance costs), the Junior Term Loan in
the amount of $260.0 million ($233.8 million, net of $26.2 million of original issue discount and debt issuance costs) and the 2015 Revolver.
Funds of $0.6 million were initially drawn from the 2015 Revolver at the closing date of the Acquisition. The Company incurred debt issuance
costs related to the 2015 Revolver in the amount of $3.2 million.
Contingent Consideration
As discussed in note 1, the Acquisition included contingent consideration of up-to an additional $100.0 million based on the earnings of
LSF9 for fiscal year 2015 as adjusted by the purchase agreement (“Earn-out”). The Earn-out is based on the achievement of an amount in
excess of a certain minimum threshold of adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA"), as
defined by the purchase agreement, for the calendar year ended December 31, 2015. The Company determined that achieving the required
threshold to trigger a payout to the Seller was not probable and, therefore, the Company did not record a contingent liability related to the Earn-
out as of the Acquisition date. Subsequent to year end, the Company concluded the Earn-out was not earned and, accordingly, did not record a
liability as of December 31, 2015. See further discussion of the Earn-out contingency in note 15, noting that HC is disputing the Earn-out and if
the Company is unsuccessful in resolving the dispute, Forterra could recognize a material charge to its earnings.
Subsequent to the Acquisition, the Company completed the following transactions:
•
•
•
•
•
Cretex Acquisition - On October 1, 2015, Forterra acquired Cretex Concrete Products, Inc. (“Cretex”) for aggregate consideration of
$245.1 million (the "Cretex Acquisition"). Cretex is a manufacturer of concrete pipe, box culverts, concrete precast drainage structures,
pre-stressed bridge components and ancillary precast products in the Upper Midwestern United States. The purchase of Cretex was
partially funded with proceeds from financing transactions totaling $240.0 million as an add-on to the 2015 Senior Term Loan and cash
on hand.
Sherman-Dixie Acquisition - On January 29, 2016, Forterra acquired substantially all the assets of Sherman-Dixie Concrete Industries
(“Sherman-Dixie”) for aggregate consideration of $66.8 million (the "Sherman-Dixie Acquisition"). Sherman-Dixie is a manufacturer of
precast concrete structures operating in Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama and Indiana. Sherman-Dixie operates as part of the
Company’s Drainage Pipe & Products reportable segment. The Sherman Dixie Acquisition was financed with borrowings on the 2015
Revolver.
U.S. Pipe Acquisition - On April 15, 2016, Forterra acquired all of the stock of USP Holdings Inc. (“USP”) for aggregate consideration of
$778.7 million (the "USP Acquisition"). USP is a manufacturer of water transmission pipe servicing residential, commercial and
infrastructure customers. USP operates as part of the Company’s Water Pipe & Products reportable segment. The USP Acquisition
was financed with proceeds from a capital contribution, borrowings on the 2015 Revolver and cash on hand.
Bio Clean Acquisition - On August 4, 2016, Forterra acquired all of the stock of Bio Clean Environmental Services, Inc. and Modular
Wetland Systems, Inc. (together, "Bio Clean") for aggregate consideration of $30.6 million (the "Bio Clean Acquisition"). Bio Clean
designs and sells storm water management systems that meet the requirements of local regulatory bodies regulating storm water
quality and owns technologies relating to drainage and storm water management. The Bio Clean Acquisition was financed with cash on
hand.
J&G Acquisition - On October 14, 2016, Forterra acquired J&G Concrete Operations, LLC ("J&G") for aggregate consideration of $32.4
million, subject to customary working capital adjustments (the "J&G
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FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
Acquisition"). J&G manufactures concrete pipe, box culverts and special fittings in North Texas. The J&G Acquisition was financed with
borrowings on the 2015 Revolver.
•
Precast Concepts Acquisition - On October 14, 2016, Forterra acquired the business of Precast Concepts, LLC ("Precast Concepts")
for aggregate consideration of $99.6 million, subject to customary working capital adjustments (the "Precast Concepts Acquisition").
Precast Concepts manufactures concrete pipe, box culverts, storm detention systems and other precast concrete and related products
in Colorado through its three facilities. The Precast Concepts Acquisition was financed with borrowings on the 2015 Revolver.
The respective fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, which are preliminary amounts for purposes of
the Bio Clean Acquisition, J&G Acquisition and Precast Concepts Acquisition, are as follows:
Net working capital
Property, plant and equipment, net
Customer relationship intangible
Non-compete agreement intangible
Trade names
Customer backlog intangible
Patents
In process R&D
Other intangibles
Other assets and liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities
Net identifiable assets acquired
Goodwill
Cash consideration transferred
Cretex
Sherman-Dixie
U.S. Pipe
Bio Clean
J&G
$
69,745 $
97,282
14,279 $
29,163
145,650 $
246,241
2,546 $
162
3,051 $
9,346
24,700
—
600
800
—
—
—
(7,582)
—
185,545
59,555
5,073
2,459
—
—
—
—
981
—
179,491
—
37,388
—
13,093
—
7,659
(9,803)
(11,524)
(161,445)
40,431
26,319
458,274
320,436
3,470
105
1,065
—
10,464
6,692
—
—
—
24,504
6,105
4,156
1,015
—
780
—
—
—
—
—
18,348
14,100
$
245,100 $
66,750 $
778,710 $
30,609 $
32,448 $
Precast
Concepts
14,918
15,895
15,707
2,562
29
2,213
—
—
—
—
—
51,324
48,314
99,638
Preliminary balances may be subject to change upon the Company's final determination of the fair value of acquired assets and
liabilities.
Goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to expected operating efficiencies and expansion opportunities in the business acquired.
Goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes except goodwill acquired with the USP and Sherman-Dixie acquisitions. The above fair
value allocations are considered preliminary for the Bio Clean, J&G, and Precast Concepts acquisitions.
Supplemental pro-forma information (unaudited)
If the Company had acquired USP, Sherman-Dixie, Bio Clean, Precast Concepts and J&G on January 1, 2016, the Company's total net
sales and loss from continuing operations before taxes, on a pro-forma basis for the year ended December 31, 2016 would have been
approximately $1,596.8 million and a loss from continuing operations $10.2 million, respectively.
Transaction costs
For the year ended December 31, 2016, the period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015, the period from January 1, 2015 to
March 13, 2015, and the year ended December 31, 2014 the Company recognized aggregate transaction costs, including legal, accounting,
valuation, and advisory fees, specific to the acquisitions
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FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
identified above of $12.7 million, $13.7 million, $2.1 million, and $17.7 million, respectively. These costs are recorded in the statements of
operations within selling, general & administrative expenses.
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FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
4. Receivables, net
Receivables consist of the following at December 31, 2016 and 2015:
Trade receivables
Amounts billed, but not yet paid under retainage provisions
Other receivables
Total receivables
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts
Receivables, net
December 31,
2016
2015
178,012 $
1,959
22,408
202,379 $
(898)
201,481 $
95,173
2,053
12,683
109,909
(3,283)
106,626
$
$
$
The Company records provisions for doubtful accounts in selling, general and administrative expenses in the statements of operations.
The table below summarizes the Company's allowance for doubtful accounts for the periods presented:
Predecessor
Balance at December 31, 2014
Provisions for doubtful accounts
Write-offs and adjustments
Balance at March 13, 2015
Successor
Balance at March 14, 2015
Provisions for doubtful accounts
Write-offs and adjustments
Balance at December 31, 2015
Provisions for doubtful accounts
Write-offs and adjustments
Balance at December 31, 2016
5. Inventories
Inventories consists of the following at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:
Finished goods
Raw materials
Work in process
Total inventories
6. Investment in equity method investee
Allowance for doubtful
accounts
(2,075)
63
(111)
(2,123)
Allowance for doubtful
accounts
(2,123)
(1,261)
101
(3,283)
1,495
890
(898)
$
$
$
$
$
December 31,
2016
2015
$
$
185,507 $
90,647
3,348
279,502 $
114,198
44,012
10,362
168,572
On July 20, 2012, the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with a company that produces concrete pipe and precast to
form Concrete Pipe & Precast LLC (“CP&P”). The Company contributed plant assets and related inventory from nine operating locations as
part of the agreement to form CP&P and in return for the contribution the Company obtained a 50% ownership stake in the joint venture
through its 500 Common Unit voting shares in CP&P. The Company owns 50% of CP&P voting common stock.
86
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
The Company has recorded its investment in the Common Unit voting shares in accordance with ASC 323, Investments – Equity
Method and Joint Ventures (“ASC 323”), under the equity method of accounting.
As part of the Acquisition in 2015, the Company determined the fair value of the assets purchased, including its investment in CP&P, in
accordance with ASC 805. As part of that process the Company assigned a value of $56.3 million to the investment as of the date of
Acquisition. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company's investment in CP&P amounted to $55.2 million and $56.3 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2016, the difference between the amount at which the Company's investment is carried and the amount of the Company's
share of the underlying equity in net assets of CP&P was approximately $13.3 million. This difference relates to the Company's fair value
assessment of the investment as part of the Acquisition, and this basis difference was primarily attributed to the value of land and equity
method goodwill associated with the investment.
7. Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, net consist of the following at December 31, 2016 and 2015:
Machinery and equipment
Land, buildings and improvements
Other equipment
Construction-in-progress
Total property, plant and equipment
Less: accumulated depreciation
Property, plant and equipment, net
December 31,
2016
2015
329,871 $
142,105
2,592
43,855
518,423
(65,509)
452,914 $
124,922
201,534
1,102
9,400
336,958
(21,099)
315,859
$
$
Depreciation expense totaled $54.1 million, $20.7 million, $4.4 million, and $23.2 million, for the year ended December 31, 2016, the
period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015, the period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015, and the year ended December 31,
2014, respectively, which is included in cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses in the combined statements of
operations.
Impairments
The Company recorded impairment charges primarily in conjunction with plant closings undertaken for purposes of achieving operating
efficiencies and recognized asset impairment charges for its property, plant and equipment of $0.9 million, $0.03 million, and $4.0 million for the
period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015, for the period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015, and for the year ended December
31, 2014, respectively. No impairment charges were recognized for the year ended December 31, 2016. Asset impairments are included in exit
and disposal charges on the statements of operations.
Transfers
During 2014, the Predecessor transferred to HC certain property, plant and equipment of $25.1 million related to sites historically
included in BP North America because such sites were not included in the Acquisition.
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FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
8. Goodwill and other intangible assets, net
The Company has goodwill which has been recorded in connection with its acquisition of businesses. The following table summarizes the
changes in goodwill by operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016:
Successor
Balance at December 31, 2015
Acquisitions
Foreign currency
Balance at December 31, 2016
Drainage Pipe &
Products
Water Pipe &
Products
Total
$
$
73,442 $
94,838
586
168,866 $
2,050 $
320,436
95
322,581 $
75,492
415,274
681
491,447
Included in the measurement period's changes in fair value measurement was a reduction in recognized deferred tax assets totaling
$0.6 million as of December 31, 2016.
Goodwill is required to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. The Company has six reporting units which have goodwill.
The fair value of goodwill based on inputs that are not observable in the market and thus represent Level 3 inputs. The Company uses a
combination of an income approach and a market approach to determine the fair value of the reporting unit. Key assumptions in the analysis
include the use of estimated future cash flows, an appropriate discount rate, and market multiples. In estimating cash flows, the Company
incorporates current and historical market and financial information, among other factors. The Company's impairment determinations involved
significant assumptions and judgments, as discussed above. Differing assumptions regarding any of these inputs could have a significant effect
on the various valuations.
During Forterra's annual impairment tests for 2016 and 2015, the Company determined that no impairments were required.
As of December 31, 2016, the Company believed that the recorded balances of goodwill were recoverable; however, there can be no
assurance that goodwill will not be impaired in future periods.
Intangible assets other than goodwill at December 31, 2016 included the following:
Weighted average
amortization period (in
years)
Gross carrying amount as
of December 31, 2016
Accumulated
amortization
Net carrying value as of
December 31, 2016
Customer relationships
Trade names
Patents
Customer backlog
Non-compete agreements
In-Process R&D
Other
Total intangible assets
10
10
10
0.5
5
Indefinite-lived
11
$
$
88
232,590 $
39,220
23,557
12,900
9,918
6,692
529
325,406 $
(22,653) $
(4,449)
(2,884)
(11,272)
(2,508)
0
(42)
(43,808) $
209,937
34,771
20,673
1,628
7,410
6,692
487
281,598
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
Intangible assets other than goodwill at December 31, 2015 included the following:
Customer relationships
Customer backlog
Trade names
Total intangible assets
Weighted average
amortization period
(in years)
Gross carrying amount as of
December 31, 2015
Accumulated amortization
Net carrying value as of
December 31, 2015
5
1
2
$
$
24,700 $
5,182
600
30,482 $
(365) $
(3,955)
(100)
(4,420) $
24,335
1,227
500
26,062
Amortization expense totaled $39.4 million, $4.4 million, $0.0 million, and $0.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, for the
period March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015, for the period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015, and for the year ended December 31,
2014, respectively, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated (successor) / combined (predecessor)
statements of operations.
In the future the Company expects to incur amortization expense on these intangible assets as follows:
Years ending December 31:
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Thereafter
Total future amortization expense
$
$
54,526
50,308
44,090
38,000
29,563
58,419
274,906
9. Fair value measurement
The Company's financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, derivative
instruments, accounts payable, long-term debt and accrued liabilities. The carrying value of the Company's trade receivables, other
receivables, trade payables, the asset based revolver and accrued liabilities approximates fair value due to their short-term maturity. The
Company may adjust the carrying amount of certain non-financial assets to fair value on a non-recurring basis when they are impaired.
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Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
The estimated carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s financial instruments and other assets and liabilities measured and recorded at
fair value on a recurring basis is as follows for the dates indicated:
Recurring:
Non-current liabilities
Derivative liability
Fair value measurements at December 31, 2016 using
Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable Inputs (Level
2)
Significant Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)
Total Fair Value September
30, 2016
—
$372
—
$372
Fair value measurements at December 31, 2015 using
Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total Fair Value December
31, 2015
Recurring:
Non-current assets
Derivative assets1
1 Note that Derivative assets as of December 31, 2015 include Brick related receivables of $3.2 million.
—
$9,093
—
$9,093
Liabilities and assets classified as level 2 which are recorded at fair value are valued using observable market inputs. The fair values of
derivative assets and liabilities are determined using quantitative models that utilize multiple market inputs including interest rates and
exchange rates to generate continuous yield or pricing curves and volatility factors to value the position. The majority of market inputs are
actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third-party pricing services. The fair
values of derivative assets and liabilities include adjustments for market liquidity, counter-party credit quality and other instrument-specific
factors, where appropriate. In addition, the Company incorporates within its fair value measurements a valuation adjustment to reflect the credit
risk associated with the net position. Positions are netted by counter-parties, and fair value for net long exposures is adjusted for counter-party
credit risk while the fair value for net short exposures is adjusted for the Company’s own credit risk.
The estimated carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s financial instruments and liabilities for which fair value is only disclosed is as
follows:
Carrying Amount
December 31, 2016
Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Total Fair Value
December 31, 2016
Fair value measurements at December 31, 2016 using
Non-current liabilities
2016 Senior Term Loan
Tax receivable agreement payable
$1,000,983
160,783
—
—
$1,064,395
—
—
125,614
$1,064,395
125,614
Carrying Amount
December 31, 2015
Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total Fair Value December
31, 2015
Fair value measurements at December 31, 2015 using
Non-current liabilities
2015 Senior Term Loan
Junior Term Loan
$469,383
236,446
$470,543
259,675
—
—
$470,543
259,675
—
—
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FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
The fair value of debt is the estimated amount the Company would have to pay to transfer its debt, including any premium or discount
attributable to the difference between the stated interest rate and market rate of interest at the balance sheet date. Fair values are supported by
observable market transactions when available.
The determination of the fair value of the tax receivable agreement payable was determined using a discounted cash flow methodology
using level 3 inputs as defined by ASC 820. The determination of fair value required significant judgment, including estimates of the timing and
amounts of various tax attributes. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that the
Company may undertake in the future. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
10. Debt and deferred financing costs
The Company’s debt consisted of the following:
2016 Senior Term Loan Credit Agreement
interest at 4.50%, net of debt issue costs and original issue discount of $46,392
2015 Senior Term Loan Credit Agreement
interest at 6.50%, net of debt issue costs and original issue discount of $20,129
Junior Term Loan Credit Agreement
interest at 10.50%, net of debt issue costs and original issue discount of $23,554
2016 Revolving line of credit, net of debt issue costs of $3,936
2015 Revolving line of credit, net of debt issue costs of $3,140
Total debt
Less: current portion debt
Total long-term debt
Successor
December 31,
December 31,
2016
2015
1,000,983 $
—
—
—
95,064
—
1,096,047 $
(10,500)
1,085,547 $
469,383
236,446
—
—
705,829
(2,191)
703,638
$
$
$
The interest rate for both the 2015 Senior Term Loan and Junior Term Loan was set at LIBOR (with a 1% floor) plus a margin of 5.5%
and 9.5%, respectively. The 2016 Senior Term Loan's interest rate is set at LIBOR (with a 1% floor) plus a margin of 3.5%. The Company
incurred $84.4 million of cash interest expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016, of which $6.9 million was paid by affiliates of
the Company.
Interest on the 2016 Revolver is floating, based on a reference rate plus an applicable margin. The weighted average annual interest
rate on the 2015 Revolver was 2.45% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016. In addition, Forterra pays a facility fee of between 20.0
and 32.5 basis points per annum based upon the utilization of the total 2016 Revolver facility. Availability under the 2016 Revolver at December
31, 2016 based on draws, and outstanding letters of credit and allowable borrowing base was $189.4 million.
91
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
As of December 31, 2016, scheduled maturities of long-term debt are as follows:
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Thereafter:
Total
2016 Senior Term Loan
2016 Revolver
$
$
10,500 $
10,500
10,500
10,500
109,500
994,875
1,146,375 $
10,500 $
10,500
10,500
10,500
10,500
994,875
1,047,375 $
—
—
—
—
99,000
—
99,000
Refinancing
Concurrent with the completion of the Offering, in the Refinancing the Company entered into the 2016 Revolver for working capital and
general corporate purposes and the 2016 Senior Term Loan, the proceeds of which, together with the proceeds from the Offering, were used to
repay in full the Junior Term Loan of $260.0 million, the 2015 Senior Term Loan of $1.04 billion, and the existing balance under the 2015
Revolver, in addition to related expenses associated with the Offering and Refinancing. Immediately subsequent to the completion of the
Offering, Forterra had $125.0 million outstanding on its 2016 Revolver and $1.05 billion on its 2016 Senior Term Loan. The $260.0 million
repayment toward the Junior Term Loan represented a full repayment of the outstanding principal on that loan, resulting in a related write-off of
issue discounts and capitalized issuance costs of approximately $22.4 million. The repayment also triggered a prepayment penalty of
approximately $7.8 million, which, combined with the write-off of issue discounts and capitalized issuance costs are included in interest
expense on the 2016 statement of operations.
The 2016 Senior Term Loan provides for a $1.05 billion senior secured term loan that was made available to a newly formed direct
subsidiary of Forterra. Subject to the conditions set forth in the term loan agreement, the 2016 Senior Term Loan may be increased by (i) up to
the greater of $285.0 million and 1.0x consolidated EBITDA of Forterra and its restricted subsidiaries for the four quarters most recently ended
prior to such incurrence plus (ii) the aggregate amount of any voluntary prepayments, plus (iii) an additional amount, provided certain financial
tests are met. The 2016 Senior Term Loan matures on October 25, 2023 and is subject to quarterly amortization equal to 0.25% of the initial
principal amount. Interest will accrue on outstanding borrowings thereunder at a rate equal to LIBOR (with a floor of 1.0%) or an alternate base
rate, in each case plus a margin of 3.50% or 2.50%, respectively.
The obligations of the borrower under the 2016 Senior Term Loan are guaranteed by Forterra and each of its direct and indirect material
wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries other than any of Forterra's Canadian subsidiaries and certain other excluded subsidiaries (the
"Guarantors"). The 2016 Senior Term Loan is secured by substantially all of the assets of Forterra, the borrower and the Guarantors; provided
that the obligations under the 2016 Senior Term Loan are not secured by any liens on more than 65% of the voting stock of the Canadian
subsidiaries or assets of the Canadian subsidiaries. The 2016 Senior Term Loan contains customary representations and warranties, and
affirmative and negative covenants, that, among other things, restrict the ability of Forterra and its restricted subsidiaries to incur additional
debt, incur or permit liens on assets, make investments and acquisitions, consolidate or merge with any other company, engage in asset sales
and pay dividends and make distributions. The 2016 Senior Term Loan does not contain any financial covenants. Obligations under the 2016
Senior Term Loan may be accelerated upon certain customary events of default (subject to grace periods, as appropriate).
The 2016 Revolver provides for an aggregate principal amount of up to $300.0 million, with up to $280.0 million to be made available to
the U.S. borrowers and up to $20.0 million to be made available to the Canadian borrowers (the allocation may be modified periodically at the
Company's request). Subject to the conditions set forth in the revolving credit agreement related to the 2016 Revolver (the "2016 Credit
Agreement"), the 2016
92
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
Revolver may be increased by up to the greater of (i)$100.0 million and (ii) such amount as would not cause the aggregate borrowing base to
be exceeded by more than $50.0 million. Borrowings under the 2016 Revolver may not exceed a borrowing base equal to the sum of (i) 100%
of eligible cash, (ii) 85% of eligible accounts receivable and (iii) the lesser of (a) 75% of eligible inventory and (b) 85% of the orderly liquidation
value of eligible inventory, with the U.S. and Canadian borrowings being subject to separate borrowing base limitations.
The advance rates for accounts and inventory are subject to increase by 2.5% during certain periods. The 2016 Revolver matures on
October 25, 2021. The facility will also provide for the issuance of letters of credit of up to an agreed sublimit. Interest will accrue on
outstanding borrowings at a rate equal to LIBOR or CDOR plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 1.75% per annum, or at an alternate base rate,
Canadian prime rate or Canadian base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 0.75% per annum, in each case, based upon the average
excess availability under the 2016 Revolver for the most recently completed calendar quarter. The obligations of the borrowers under the 2016
Revolver is guaranteed by Forterra and its direct and indirect wholly-owned restricted subsidiaries other than certain excluded subsidiaries;
provided that the obligations of the U.S. borrowers is not guaranteed by the Canadian subsidiaries. The 2016 Revolver is secured by
substantially all of the assets of the borrowers; provided that the obligations of the U.S. borrowers are not secured by any liens on more than
65% of the voting stock of the Canadian subsidiaries or assets of the Canadian subsidiaries.
Covenants, Events of Default and Provisions
The 2016 Revolver contains customary representations and warranties, and affirmative and negative covenants, including
representations, warranties, and covenants that, among other things, restrict the ability of Forterra and its restricted subsidiaries to incur
additional debt, incur or permit liens on assets, make investments and acquisitions, consolidate or merge with any other company, engage in
asset sales and pay dividends and make distributions. The 2016 Credit Agreement contains a financial covenant restricting Forterra from
allowing its fixed charge coverage ratio to drop below 1.00:1.00 during a compliance period, which is triggered when the availability under the
2016 Revolver falls below a threshold set forth in the 2016 Credit Agreement. Obligations under the 2016 Credit Agreement may be
accelerated upon certain customary events of default (subject to grace periods, as appropriate). The fixed charge coverage ratio is the ratio of
consolidated earnings before interest, depreciation, and amortization ("EBITDA") less cash payments for capital expenditures and income
taxes to consolidated fixed charges (interest expense plus scheduled payments of principal on indebtedness).
2015 Senior Term Loan, Junior Term Loan, and Revolving Credit Facility
In connection with the financing of the Acquisition, LSF9 entered into the 2015 Senior Term Loan for borrowings of $635.0 million, the
Junior Term Loan for borrowings of $260.0 million, and drew $45.0 million the 2015 Revolver. Approximately $515.5 million was the obligation
of Forterra as a joint and several obligation under ASC 405-40, Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements. See also
note 1, Basis of Presentation-Successor.
In October 2015, the Company increased the size of the 2015 Senior Term Loan by $240.0 million for the Cretex Acquisition.
Additionally, in April 2016, the Company's capacity on the 2015 Revolver was increased to $285.0 million. In conjunction with the issuance of
debt related to the Acquisition and the Cretex Acquisition, LSF9 incurred $71.6 million of debt issuance costs and debt discounts; of which
$51.9 million was attributed to the Company debt obligation. The Initial Credit Agreements were secured by substantially all of the assets of the
Company.
In April 2016, LSF9 borrowed $205.0 million on the 2015 Revolver in order to finance the USP Acquisition of which $203.4 million was
repaid during April 2016 with proceeds from an affiliated entity controlled by LSF9 but not included among the legal entities that comprise the
Company. In connection with the additional proceeds obtained in April 2016 which benefited the Company, under ASC 405-40, Obligations
Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements, the Company assumed an additional obligation of $203.4 million that was recognized
as an increase to the Company’s allocated share of the 2015 Senior Term Loan balance with an associated increase in debt issuance fees and
discount related to the Senior Term Loan of $8.9 million. The
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FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
affiliated entity was subsequently released as a co-obligor and its joint and several liability under terms of all of the 3rd party credit agreements.
On June 17, 2016, LSF9 borrowed an incremental $345.0 million on the 2015 Senior Term Loan and used the proceeds to pay a
dividend of $338.3 million, net of debt issuance costs, to the shareholders of LSF9. The dividend was recorded as a return of capital. LSF9
incurred debt issuance fees and discount of $6.7 million in connection with the issuance of the debt. The incremental borrowings incurred
interest at the same rate as the 2015 Senior Term Loan. Under ASC 405-40 Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liability
Arrangements, the Company recognized the full amount of the incremental borrowing, net of related issuance costs and discount, as an
obligation in the combined balance sheet.
Joint and Several Obligations
As discussed above, the Company recorded debt on its balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 under ASC 405-40, Obligations
Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements. The Company and the affiliates of LSF9 were co-obligors and jointly and severally
liable under terms of the Initial Credit Agreements. The Company’s allocated portion of the $940.0 million of third party debt used to finance the
Acquisition was $515.5 million. The initial obligation of $515.5 million was reflected on the Company’s combined balance sheet at the
Acquisition date as $254.9 million of 2015 Senior Term Loan, $260.0 million of Junior Term Loan and $0.6 million of 2015 Revolver obligations.
The remaining $424.5 million of the debt was allocated to affiliates of LSF9 that are not included in these financial statements based on the
amounts affiliates of LSF9 have fully repaid. In April of 2016, the Company’s affiliate co-obligors were released from joint and several liability
under the Initial Credit Agreements. The Company was consequently the sole source of repayment for its $515.5 million share for the initial
obligation under the Initial Credit Agreements, as well as other obligations recorded on the balance sheet. In addition to the initial debt
obligation of $515.5 million recorded by the Company, additional 2015 Senior Term Loan borrowings of $240.0 million that in October 2015
were used to finance the Cretex Acquisition were allocated in full to the Company.
In April 2016, LSF9 borrowed an additional $205.0 million on the 2015 Revolver to finance the USP Acquisition. On April 26, 2016,
affiliates of the Company under control of LSF9 but not included in Forterra repaid $203.4 million of the 2015 Revolver balance that was drawn
in April 2016 and $176.7 million of the 2015 Senior Term Loan, after which the other affiliates were released as obligors to the loan and the
Company became the sole source of repayment under the LSF9 debt agreement. The Company reflected the increased obligation as an
increase in the 2015 Senior Term Loan in order to reflect the change in its obligation as a result of the additional borrowings of LSF9. A
proportionate amount of debt issuance costs and discount related to the increased obligation under the 2015 Senior Term Loan was also
allocated to the Company at the time of the increased obligation. Additionally, in June 2016, LSF9 incurred an additional $345.0 million of 2015
Senior Term Loan debt used to pay a dividend of $338.3 million to Lone Star which was attributed to the Company as an additional obligation
under the 2015 Senior Term Loan.
The amounts recorded in the balance sheet at December 31, 2015 represented the portion of LSF9's outstanding obligation the
Company was obligated to repay, which was settled in full in the Refinancing. There were no other repayments that will be made by affiliates
other than those mentioned above.
Lines of Credit and Other Debt Facilities
The Company had stand-by letters of credit outstanding of $11.6 million as of December 31, 2016 which reduce the borrowings
available under the Revolver.
94
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
11. Accrued liabilities
Accrued liabilities consist of the following at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:
Accrued payroll and employee benefits
Accrued taxes
Accrued rebates
Warranty
Other miscellaneous accrued liabilities
Tax receivable agreement liability
Environmental & reclamation obligation
Total accrued liabilities
95
December 31,
2016
2015
29,945 $
32,746
7,509
3,509
3,681
4,000
775
82,165 $
24,670
13,849
4,750
2,057
1,912
—
488
47,726
$
$
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
12. Other long-term liabilities
Other long-term liabilities consist of the following for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:
Workers' compensation
Capital lease obligation
Employee benefits
Other miscellaneous long-term liabilities
Deferred rent
Insurance
Environmental remediation liability
13. Derivatives and hedging
December 31,
2016
2015
$
$
9,864 $
3,710
2,524
2,527
2,776
951
901
23,253 $
1,458
—
—
1,091
1,386
527
1,301
5,763
The Company uses derivatives to manage selected foreign exchange and interest rate exposures. The Company does not use
derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes, and cash flows from derivative instruments are included in net cash provided by (used
in) financing activities in the combined statements of cash flows.
At December 31, 2016, the Company had foreign exchange forward contracts, designated as cash flow hedges in accordance with
ASC 815-20 Derivatives - Hedging, which allows for the effective portion of the changes in the fair value of the instruments to be captured in
accumulated other comprehensive income, and ineffective portion recorded in earnings. These instruments were novated to Forterra by an
affiliate concurrent with the Reorganization, directly prior to the Refinancing and Offering. Concurrently, the instruments the Company
previously held, including foreign exchange forward contracts and fixed-for-float cross currency swaps entered into in March of 2016, and the
related notional were settled, resulting in a net cash settlement of approximately $1.3 million paid by the Company.
The fixed-for-float cross currency swaps were designated as cash flow hedges, thus the balances which had accumulated in other
comprehensive income were recognized in the statement of operations in the fourth quarter of 2016. The foreign exchange forward contracts
were not designated as hedge instruments; therefore changes in fair value related to these instruments were recognized immediately in
earnings as other operating expenses in the combined statements of operations. The foreign exchange forward contracts previously entered
into in May 2015 were accelerated in March 2016 for proceeds of $6.5 million. Proceeds from the settlement of the currency swaps were used
to make payments on the outstanding balance on the 2015 Revolver.
A quantitative analysis is utilized to assess hedge effectiveness for cash flow hedges. The Company assesses the hedge effectiveness
and measures the amount of ineffectiveness for the hedge relationships based on changes in forward exchange rates. The Company elects to
present all derivative assets and derivative liabilities on a net basis on its combined balance sheets when a legally enforceable International
Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (“ISDA”) Master Agreement exists. An ISDA Master Agreement is an agreement between two
counterparties, which may have multiple derivative transactions with each other governed by such agreement, and such ISDA Master
Agreement generally provides for the net settlement of all or a specified group of these derivative transactions, through a single payment, in a
single currency, in the event of a default on, or affecting any, one derivative transaction or a termination event affecting all, or a specified group
of, derivative transactions. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company’s derivative instruments fall under an ISDA master netting
agreement.
The following table presents the fair values of derivative assets and liabilities in the combined successor balance sheets:
96
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
Foreign exchange forward contracts
Total derivatives, gross
Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements
Total derivatives, net
Foreign exchange forward contracts
Fixed-for-float cross currency swap
Total derivatives, gross
Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements
Total derivatives, net1
December 31, 2016
Derivative Assets
Derivative Liabilities
Notional Amount
Fair Value
Notional Amount
Fair Value
— $
—
—
— $
— $
—
—
— $
92,961 $
—
—
— $
(372)
(372)
—
(372)
December 31, 2015
Derivative Assets
Derivative Liabilities
Notional Amount
Fair Value
Notional Amount
Fair Value
79,531 $
81,991
—
— $
7,667 $
1,426
9,093
—
9,093 $
— $
—
—
—
— $
—
—
—
—
—
$
$
$
$
1 Note that total derivatives, net as of December 31, 2015 include Brick related receivables of $3.2 million.
The following table presents the effect of derivative instruments on the combined statements of operations:
Year ended December
31,
March 14 - December
31,
2016
2015
Cash flow hedges
Cross currency swaps
Gain (loss) on derivatives recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Gain (loss) on derivatives not designated as hedges
$(215)
(3,067)
$1,549
8,331
Gain reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income into income:
Other income, net
14. Sale-Leaseback Transaction
$177
—
On April 5, 2016, the Company sold properties in 47 sites throughout the U.S. and Canada to Pipe Portfolio Owner (Multi) LP (the "U.S.
Buyer") and FORT-BEN Holdings (ONQC) Ltd. (the “Canadian Buyer”) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $204.3 million. On
April 14, 2016, the Company sold additional properties in two sites located in the U.S. to the U.S. Buyer for an aggregate purchase price of
approximately $11.9 million. In connection with these transactions, the Company and U.S. Buyer and an affiliate of the Canadian Buyer entered
into master land and building lease agreements under which the Company agreed to lease back each of the properties for an initial term of
twenty years, followed by one optional renewal term of 9 years, 11 months. Leaseback rental will escalate annually by 2% during the initial term
and based on changes in the Consumer Price Index capped at 4% during the optional renewal period. The proceeds received from the sale-
leaseback transactions net of transaction costs of $6.5 million amounted to $209.7 million.
Prior to the Reorganization, the sale-leaseback transactions were considered to have one form of prohibited “continuing involvement”
at the inception of the lease which preclude sale-leaseback accounting for transactions involving real estate in the financial statements of the
Company because a guarantee by LSF9 provided the buyer-lessor or the lessor, as applicable, with additional collateral that reduced the
buyer-lessor’s or the lessor's, as applicable, risk of loss. As a result, the assets subject to the sale-leaseback remained on the balance sheet
and were depreciated. Additionally, the aggregate proceeds were recorded as a financing
97
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
obligation in the consolidated balance sheet and under financing in the statements of cash flow. In October 2016, the Company entered into
agreements to replace the original guarantor, LSF9, with Forterra, as the new guarantor, effective immediately following completion of the
Reorganization. Due to the change in guarantor, the Sale Leaseback qualified for sales recognition and was classified as an operating lease
beginning October 2016. Associated with the sale, in October 2016, the Company recognized a loss on the statement of operations of $19.6
million and a deferred gain of $81.5 million. The deferred gain will be amortized over the life of the lease. As of December 31, 2016, the non-
current portion of the deferred gain is $78.2 million and the current portion of the deferred gain is $2.8 million in other current liabilities in the
consolidated balance sheet.
During the year ended December 31, 2016 the Company recognized $9.3 million of interest expense under the financing obligation in
interest expense and $4.3 million of rent expense in cost of goods sold for operating leases, related to payments made under the sales
leaseback transaction, respectively.
15. Commitments and contingencies
The Company is involved in legal proceedings and litigation in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the
outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s combined financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.
Other than routine litigation incidental to the Company's business and those matters described below, there are no material legal proceedings
to which the Company is a party or to which any of the Company’s properties are subject.
In connection with the Earn-out contingency described in Note 3, the Acquisition included contingent consideration of up to $100.0
million if and to the extent the 2015 financial results of the businesses acquired by Lone Star in the Acquisition, including the Company and
HC's former building products business in the United Kingdom, exceeded a specified Adjusted EBITDA target for fiscal year 2015, as
calculated pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement. If such Adjusted EBITDA calculation exceeds the specified target, LSF9, and
therefore, Forterra would be required to pay HC an amount equal to a multiple of such excess Adjusted EBITDA, with any payment capped at
$100.0 million. In April 2016, the Company provided an earn-out statement to HC demonstrating that no payment was required. On June 13,
2016, HC provided notification that it is disputing, among other things, the Company’s calculation of Adjusted EBITDA under the purchase
agreement and asserting that a payment should be made in the amount of $100.0 million. The Company does not believe HC’s position has
merit and intends to vigorously oppose HC’s assertions. On October 5, 2016, affiliates of HC filed a lawsuit in the Delaware Court of
Chancery seeking specific performance and claiming access to the Company's books, records, and personnel; seeking a declaratory judgment
concerning the scope of the neutral accounting expert’s authority; and in the alternative, claiming a breach of contract and seeking the $100.0
million and other damages. In November 2016, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Delaware Action, and on January 6, 2017, the
plaintiffs filed a First Amended Complaint. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the First Amended Complaint on February 22, 2017,
requesting that the Court dismiss all claims in the Delaware Action. On March 24, 2017, the plaintiffs in the Delaware Action filed a response,
and our reply is due on April 7, 2017. As a result of the Reorganization, the defendants in the Delaware Action are no longer part of the
Company and its consolidated subsidiaries, however we remain the liable party in this matter. As of December 31, 2016, no liability for this
contingency has been accrued as payment of any earn-out is not considered probable. However, the outcome of this matter is uncertain, and
no assurance can be given to the ultimate outcome of the resulting proceedings. If the Company is unsuccessful in resolving the dispute, it
could recognize a material charge to its earnings.
Long-term incentive plan
Following the Acquisition, Lone Star implemented a cash-based long term incentive plan (the “LTIP”), which entitles the participants in
the LTIP a potential cash payout upon a liquidity event as defined by the LTIP. Potential liquidity events include the sale, transfer or otherwise
disposition of all or a portion of the Company or successor entities of LSF9, an initial public offering where Lone Star sells all or a portion of
their direct and interests in the Company or successor entities of LSF9, or through certain cash distribution as defined in the LTIP. Before the
payout of any cash the LTIP requires Lone Star realize in cash the full return of their investment plus a specified internal rate of return, which is
calculated by comparing the return to Lone Star over the timeline of its investment in the Company and certain successor entities of LSF9. As
of December 31, 2016, no such liquidity
98
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
events that meet the required return for an LTIP payment have occurred, and therefore no amounts were accrued in the accompanying
consolidated balance sheet. While no payments have occurred thus far, payments under the LTIP could be significant depending upon future
liquidity events. The timing and amount of such payments are unknown and is dependent upon future liquidity events and market conditions
that are outside of the control of the Company or the participants of the plan. Subsequent to the Offering, Forterra became directly liable for any
payment obligations triggered under the LTIP, but LSF9 or one of its affiliates will remain obligated to make payments to the Company in
amounts equal to any payment obligations triggered under the LTIP as and when such payment obligations are triggered.
Operating leases
The Company leases certain property and equipment for various periods under non-cancelable operating leases. Future minimum lease
payments under such agreements as of December 31, 2016 were approximately:
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Thereafter
Tax receivable agreement
$
$
30,764
28,259
27,279
26,400
32,675
584,248
729,625
In connection with the Offering, the Company entered into a tax receivable agreement with Lone Star that provides for, among other
things, the payment by the Company to Lone Star of 85% of the amount of certain covered tax benefits, which may reduce the actual liability for
certain taxes that the Company might otherwise be required to pay. The tax benefits subject to the tax receivable agreement include: (i) all
depreciation and amortization deductions, and any offset to taxable income and gain or increase to taxable loss, resulting from the tax basis
that the Company had in its assets as of the time of the consummation of the Offering, (ii) the utilization of the Company's and its subsidiaries’
net operating losses and tax credits, if any, attributable to periods prior to the Offering, (iii) deductions in respect of payments made, funded or
reimbursed by an initial party to the tax receivable agreement (other than the Company or one of its subsidiaries) or an affiliate thereof to
participants under the LTIP, (iv) deductions in respect of transaction expenses attributable to the USP Acquisition and (v) certain other tax
benefits attributable to payments made under the tax receivable agreement.
For purposes of the tax receivable agreement, the aggregate reduction in income tax payable by the Company will be computed by
comparing the Company's actual income tax liability with its hypothetical liability had it not been able to utilize the related tax benefits. The
agreement will remain in effect for the period of time in which all such related tax benefits remain. The Company accounts for potential
payments under the tax receivable agreement as a contingent liability, with amounts accrued when considered probable and reasonably
estimable. As of the Offering date, the Company recorded a $160.8 million liability and a reduction to additional paid-in-capital related to the tax
receivable agreement for the undiscounted value of probable future payments. Net of tax effects of $18.5 million, the net reduction to additional
paid-in-capital related to the initial liability for the tax receivable agreement issued in connection with the Offering was $142.3 million. The
Company anticipates that it will have sufficient taxable income in future periods to realize the full value of the obligation recorded. Future tax
receivable agreement payments related to the tax basis of assets at the time of the Offering will be recorded as a reduction to the liability and
will be recorded as a financing obligation in the statement of cash flows. At the end of each reporting period, any changes in the Company's
estimate of the liability will be recorded in the statement of operations as a component of other income/expense and will be recorded as an
operating activity in the statement of cash flows. As of December 31, 2016, the liability recorded is $160.8 million. The timing and amount of
future tax benefits associated with the tax receivable agreement are subject to change, and additional payments may be required which could
be materially different from the current accrued liability.
99
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
16. Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is calculated by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of common shares
outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities include employee stock options and shares of restricted stock. Diluted EPS reflects
the assumed exercise or conversion of all dilutive securities. The restricted shares are considered participating securities for the purposes of
our EPS calculation.
As described in Note 1, the building products operations of LSF9 were transferred to Forterra, Inc. in an internal reorganization under
common control. Contemporaneously with this transaction, 3.75 million shares were issued by Forterra, Inc. to affiliate entities. For purposes of
calculating earnings (loss) per share, weighted average shares prior to the Reorganization have been retroactively adjusted to give effect to the
Reorganization for all historical periods presented in the Successor financial statements. The computations of earnings (loss) per share for
periods prior to our IPO do not include the shares issued in connection with the IPO.
The calculations of the basic and diluted EPS for the year ended December 31, 2016 and the period from March 14, to December 31, 2015 are
presented below:
Loss from continuing operations
Discontinued operations, net of tax
Net loss
Common stock:
Weighted average basic shares outstanding
Effect of dilutive securities - stock options
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes
Net earnings (loss)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes
Net earnings (loss)
Year ended December 31,
March 14, to December
31,
2016
2015
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(11,090) $
3,484
(7,606)
49,053,474
—
49,053,474
(0.23) $
0.07 $
(0.16) $
(0.23) $
0.07 $
(0.16) $
(74,178)
(8,608)
(82,786)
45,369,474
—
45,369,474
(1.63)
(0.19)
(1.82)
(1.63)
(0.19)
(1.82)
100
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
17. Employee benefit plans
Defined Contribution Plans - Successor
Subsequent to the Acquisition, the Company’s employees were able to participate in a 401K defined contribution plan. The Company
contributes funds into this plan subject to certain limits. For the year ended December 31, 2016, and the period March 14, 2015 through
December 31, 2015, the Company recorded an expense of $10.5 million and $6.4 million , respectively. For the period from January 1 through
March 13, 2015, the Company recorded an expense of $1.4 million for the Predecessor’s participation in a similar plan sponsored by HC.
The Company’s employees that are covered by collective bargaining agreements were historically participants in several union-
sponsored, multi-employer pension plans (union-sponsored plans) for all periods included in the Predecessor financial statements. Neither the
Company nor HC or its affiliates administered the union-sponsored plans. Contributions to the plans were determined in accordance with the
provisions of negotiated labor contracts. The plans were accounted for as defined contribution plans as it is not possible to isolate the
components of such plans that would collectively comprise the Company’s liability. In the event of plan termination or the Company’s
withdrawal from a multi-employer plan, the Company may be liable for a portion of the plan’s unfunded vested benefit obligation, if any. In
connection with the Acquisition, HC indemnified the Successor against liabilities that might arise as a result of withdrawal from the plans, net of
any tax benefit that might result from tax deductible payments to settle the withdrawal liability. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had no
remaining employees covered by multi-employer plans. The Company has received one notice of its exit liability from the associated plan.
Affiliates of HC have reimbursed the Company for the exit liability, net of estimated federal income tax subsequent to year end. The remaining
plans have not communicated amounts associated with the Company’s exit from the plans and Company has not recorded an associated
liability as the amount of the liability, if any, not estimable.
Defined Benefit Pension Plans and Other Post-Retirement Benefits - Predecessor
Employees of the Predecessor participated in defined benefit plans as described below that were both sponsored by the Predecessor
and sponsored by others. The combined Predecessor financial statements have been prepared on a historical basis reflecting the applicable
liabilities and financial statement disclosures related to the defined benefit plans participated in under HC. The defined benefit obligations and
disclosures do not necessarily reflect the costs the Predecessor would have incurred as a stand-alone entity. The related pension and post-
retirement benefit liabilities were previously allocated to the Predecessor but were retained by HC subsequent to the Acquisition of the
Company.
101
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
Canadian employee benefit plans
The Canadian companies within the Predecessor sponsored several qualified and nonqualified pension plans and other postretirement
benefit plans (“OPEB”) for substantially all of their employees. Such plans are defined benefit plans. The benefits provided under these plans
are based primarily on years of credited service and final average pensionable pay as defined under the respective plan provisions.
Contributions totaled $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2014.
The reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the pension obligation for the Canadian defined benefit retirement plans and other
postretirement benefits for the year ended December 31, 2014 are as follows:
Benefit obligation at January 1, 2014
Service cost
Interest cost
Employee contributions
Actuarial losses, net
Gross benefits paid
Exchange rate changes
Benefit obligation at December 31, 2014
Pension Benefits
Other Postretirement
Benefits
Total
$
$
42,067 $
829
1,867
66
5,482
(2,811)
(3,922)
43,578 $
8,880 $
50
395
—
1,071
(304)
(831)
9,261 $
The components of net periodic pension costs for retirement benefits for the Canadian pension and other post retirement benefits are
summarized below for the year ended December 31, 2014:
Pension Benefits
Other Postretirement
Benefits
Total
$
$
829 $
1,867
(1,853)
—
19
300
1,162 $
50 $
395
—
—
(48)
—
397 $
Service cost
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets
Curtailment gain recognized
Past service cost recognized
Net loss (gain) amortization
Net expense
18. Stock-based plans
2016 Stock Incentive Plan
Forterra has one equity compensation plan under which it has granted stock awards, the Forterra, Inc. 2016
102
50,947
879
2,262
66
6,553
(3,115)
(4,753)
52,839
879
2,262
(1,853)
—
(29)
300
1,559
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
Stock Incentive Plan (the "2016 Incentive Plan"). The 2016 Incentive Plan became effective October 19, 2016, upon the approval of the
Company's sole equity-holder, and serves as the umbrella plan for the Company’s stock-based and cash-based incentive compensation
programs for its directors, officers and other eligible employees. The aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued under
the 2016 Incentive Plan may not exceed 5,000,000 shares. Effective October 19, 2016, the board of directors granted employees and
independent directors 361,590 options to purchase shares of common stock at an exercise price of $18.00 per share and 136,900 shares of
restricted common stock. Both the options and restricted shares awarded to employees are subject to a four-year vesting period and the
options and restricted shares awarded to independent directors are subject to a one-year vesting period. The awards of stock options granted
under the 2016 Incentive Plan have a term of ten years.
In accordance with ASC 718, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the requisition service period for the entire
award, which is generally the maximum vesting period of the award, in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments, which
include stock options granted and restricted stock awards to employees and non-employees members of Forterra's Board of Directors. The
Company records stock-based compensation expense in cost of goods sold and selling, general, and administrative expenses.
Stock-based compensation expense was approximately $0.3 million and related deferred tax benefits of approximately $0.1 million recognized
for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Stock Option Grants
The value of the options is determined by using a Black-Scholes pricing model that includes the following variables: 1) exercise price of
the instrument, 2) fair market value of the underlying stock on date of grant, 3) expected life, 4) estimated volatility and 5) the risk-free interest
rate. The Company utilized the following weighted-average assumptions in estimating the fair value of the option grants in the year ended
December 31, 2016:
Expected dividends
Expected volatility
Risk-free interest rate
Expected lives in years
Weighted-average fair value of options:
Granted at fair value
Weighted-average exercise price of options:
Granted at fair value
2016
—%
39.60%
0.35%
6.25
$6.95
$18.00
The Black-Scholes model requires the use of subjective assumption including expectations of future dividends and stock price volatility.
Expected volatility is calculated based on an analysis of historical and implied volatility measures for a set of Forterra's peer companies. The
average expected life is based on the contractual term of the option and expected employee exercise and post-vesting employment termination
behavior. Such assumptions are only used for making the required fair value estimate and should not be considered as indicators of future
dividend policy or stock price appreciation. Because changes in the subjective assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, and
because employee stock option have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, the use of the Black-Scholes option
pricing model may not provide a reliable estimate of the fair value of employee stock options.
103
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
A summary of the status of stock options granted under the 2016 Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2016, and changes during the period then
ended, is presented in the table below:
Outstanding, beginning of year
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited
Outstanding, end of year
Options vested or expected to vest at year end
Options exercisable at year end
Shares
Weighted Average Exercise
Price
—
361,590
—
(3,750)
357,840
—
—
n/a
$18.00
n/a
$18.00
$18.00
n/a
n/a
The first vesting period for the options granted is October 19, 2017, thus there are no options vested or expected to vest as of December
31, 2016. The Company has approximately $2.4 million of unrecognized stock option compensation cost related to unvested share-based
compensation arrangements, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 3.75 years.
Restricted Stock Awards
Restricted stock awards are share awards that entitle the holder to receive shares of the Company's common stock which become
freely transferable upon vesting. During the year ended December 31, 2016, pursuant to the 2016 Incentive Plan, the Company issued 136,900
restricted stock awards. The restricted stock awards granted to employees generally vest on a four-year vesting schedule with 25% vesting on
each of the first four anniversaries of the grant date. The restricted stock awards granted to independent directors vest on the one-year
anniversary of the date of grant. The Company determined the grant-date fair value of the restricted stock awards granted during the year
ended December 31, 2016 to be approximately $2.5 million based upon the initial public offering price of the Company's common stock which
was concurrent with the grant date. The estimated compensation cost of the restricted stock awards, which is equal to the fair value of the
awards on the date of grant net of estimated forfeitures, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.
The following table summarizes information about restricted stock award activity:
Unvested balance, beginning of year
Grants
Vested shares
Forfeitures
Unvested balance, end of year
Shares
Weighted Average Grant
Date Fair Value
—
136,900
—
(2,250)
134,650
n/a
$18.00
n/a
$18.00
$18.00
At December 31, 2016, there was $2.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock and that
cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.75 years. The were no shares which vested for the year ended
December 31, 2016.
19. Income Taxes
Successor
As of the date of the Acquisition, the combined Successor financial statements reflect a new tax basis of accounting as the Company
includes taxable entities independent of the Predecessor. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized principally for the expected tax
consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts, using currently enacted tax
rates. All tax consequences associated with the Predecessor period were retained by HC.
Predecessor
The Company’s U.S. and non-U.S. operations have been historically included in certain HC consolidated tax returns. The tax
provisions have been prepared on a stand-alone basis, as if the business was a separate group of companies under common ownership
although the Company was included in the HC entities’ tax returns. The operations have been combined as if they were filing on a consolidated
basis for U.S. and state income tax purposes as they were historically included in the consolidated U.S. Income tax returns and certain
consolidated or unitary group state returns of the prior parent entity. The non-U.S. tax provision has been determined on a stand-alone basis for
each non-U.S. affiliate as these entities have historically filed stand-alone returns as required by the jurisdiction in which they operate.
The Company recorded income tax benefit (expense) from continuing operations of $51,692, $(5,392), $742, and $(2,660), for the year
ended December 31, 2016, the period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015, January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015 and the year ended
December 31, 2014, respectively.
The Company’s income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes for year ended December 31, 2016, the period March 14, 2015
to December 31, 2015, January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015 and for the year ended December 31, 2014 was as follows:
U.S. companies
Foreign companies
Total income (loss) from continuing operations before income
taxes
$
$
Successor
Predecessor
Year ended
December 31,
For the period from
March 14 to
December 31,
For the period from
January 1 to March
13,
Year ended
December 31,
2016
2015
2015
2014
(80,425) $
17,643
(85,674) $
16,888
(2,424) $
(90)
(3,850)
15,933
(62,782) $
(68,786) $
(2,514) $
12,083
104
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
The income tax benefit (expense) from continuing operations for the period ended December 31, 2016, the period March 14, 2015 to
December 31, 2015, January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015 and for the year ended December 31, 2014 are as follows:
Successor
Predecessor
Year ended December
31,
For the period from
March 14 to December
31,
For the period from
January 1 to March 13,
Year ended December
31,
2016
2015
2015
2014
Current income tax
U.S. companies
State
Foreign companies
Total current tax (expense) benefit
Deferred income tax
U.S. companies
State
Foreign companies
Total deferred tax (expense) benefit
$
(5,265) $
(6,370)
(7,599)
(19,234)
59,084
9,326
2,516
70,926
—
(765)
(6,633)
(7,398)
—
470
1,536
2,006
— $
—
3,491
3,491
—
—
(2,749)
(2,749)
Income tax (expense) benefit - continuing operations $
The rate reconciliation for continuing operations presented below is based on the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 35% because the
predominant business activity is in the U.S.:
51,692 $
742 $
(5,392) $
589
—
(2,388)
(1,799)
—
—
(861)
(861)
(2,660)
Income (loss) from continuing operations
Income tax expense at statutory rate of 35%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit
Foreign rate differential
Non-deductible expenses
Change in valuation allowance
Non-deductible transaction costs
Other
Total income tax expense (benefit)
$
$
$
Successor
Predecessor
Year ended
December 31,
For the period from
March 14 to
December 31,
For the period from
January 1 to March
13,
Year ended
December 31,
2016
2015
2015
2014
(62,782) $
(68,786) $
(2,514) $
12,083
21,974 $
2,725
1,746
(642)
28,597
(2,786)
78
51,692 $
24,075 $
1,726
1,635
(391)
(31,418)
(558)
(461)
(5,392) $
880 $
—
(226)
—
(2,223)
—
2,311
(4,229)
(70)
1,401
—
(368)
—
606
742 $
(2,660)
The income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2016 is primarily attributable to the release of the Company’s U.S. federal and unitary
state valuation allowance. The Company recorded deferred income tax liabilities of $173.0 million through acquisition accounting for the
acquisition of Sherman-Dixie Concrete Industries, Inc. and USP Holdings, Inc. These deferred tax liabilities are a source of future taxable
income that makes realization of certain deferred tax assets more likely than not. The company continues to maintain valuation allowance for
certain separate company net state's deferred tax assets as well as for certain foreign jurisdictions.
105
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
The income tax expense for the period from March 13, 2015 to December 31, 2015 is primarily attributable to the profitability of foreign
operations.
The net deferred tax asset (liability) balances were comprised of the following components as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:
December 31, 2016
December 31, 2015
Deferred tax assets:
Inventory
Reserves
Accrued liabilities
Net operating losses
Capitalized transaction costs
Intangible assets
Deferred gain on sale leaseback
Tax receivable agreement
Other assets
Total deferred tax assets
Valuation allowance
Total deferred tax assets, net
Deferred tax liabilities:
Fixed assets
Deferred financing costs
Intangibles
Other liabilities
Total deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax asset (liability)
$
$
$
$
$
10,785 $
3,498
6,560
1,874
5,018
—
28,058
18,431
484
74,708
(3,751)
70,957 $
(87,704) $
(13,837)
(67,822)
(2,144)
(171,507) $
(100,550) $
7,275
3,174
7,367
11,484
2,271
1,135
—
—
523
33,229
(27,666)
5,563
(6,081)
—
(194)
(1,240)
(7,515)
(1,952)
As of December 31, 2016, the Company has tax loss carryforwards as follows:
Federal net operating losses
State net operating losses
Foreign net operating losses
Amount
Expiration Date
$
$
$
—
21,491
3,633
—
2031-2036
2034-2036
Income tax expense and related current and deferred income taxes receivable and payable for the period from January 1, 2015 to
March 13, 2015 and the year ended December 31, 2014 were calculated assuming hypothetical stand-alone income tax returns filed in Canada
and its provinces and hypothetical consolidated income tax return for the Predecessor’s U.S. and state activities. The related tax provision
amounts for the period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015 were calculated based on the Company’s stand-alone activity post-
acquisition.
Historically, the U.S. companies were included in the consolidated U.S. income tax return and certain consolidated or unitary group
state returns of LHI. The Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities for the year ending December 31, 2014 are determined on the
hypothetical basis described above and do not reflect the amount that would be determined for the Company on a stand-alone basis. The
federal and state net operating loss carryover amounts include interest deductions in the Successor period ended December 31, 2015 that are
106
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
the result of carve-out accounting adjustments, which will not be included in the actual net operating loss carryover available to reduce future
tax liability. All hypothetical current taxes payable or receivable prior to March 13, 2015 are deemed settled through net parent investment. All
tax attributes of the predecessor remain with HC under terms of the Acquisition.
As described in Note 1 - Organization and description of the business, Basis of Presentation - Successor, the Company’s consolidated
financial statements include certain assets and liabilities historically held at LSF9. Forterra was obligated to pay debt and interest related to the
2015 Senior Term Loan, Junior Term Loan, and 2015 Revolving line of credit; therefore, the Company’s historical income tax expense, taxes
payable and deferred tax assets and liabilities include the tax consequences of these obligations. In connection with the Reorganization, the
Company recognized reductions of Additional Paid-In Capital of $11.3 million related to deferred tax liabilities and $25.2 million related to
income tax payable associated with these obligations that will be realized by an LSF9 affiliate which is not included in the consolidated financial
statements of the Company.
Also as described in Note 1, LSF9 distributed its brick operations in the United States and Eastern Canada to an affiliate of Lone Star.
Forterra incurred $31.1 million in taxes payable related to the distribution and $2.1 million of reduction of deferred tax assets, and recognized
corresponding reductions to Additional Paid-In Capital.
As described in Note 15 - Commitments and contingencies, Tax receivable agreement, in connection with the Offering, the Company
recorded an $18.4 million deferred tax asset with a corresponding increase to Additional Paid-In Capital.
U.S. income tax has not been recognized on the excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis of investments in
foreign subsidiaries that is indefinitely reinvested outside the United States. This amount becomes taxable upon a repatriation of assets from
the subsidiary or a sale or liquidation of the subsidiary. Prior to the Reorganization, the foreign subsidiaries were not considered subsidiaries for
U.S. income tax purposes. The amount of such temporary differences after the Reorganization transaction were immaterial as of December 31,
2016.
Uncertain tax positions
The Company is subject to audit examinations at federal, state, local, and foreign levels by tax authorities in those jurisdictions who
may challenge the treatment or reporting of any tax return item. The tax matters challenged by the tax authorities are typically complex;
therefore, the ultimate outcomes of these challenges are subject to uncertainty. Taxable years after 2012 are still open for examination for the
U.S. and Canada.
Each period the Company assesses uncertain tax positions for recognition, measurement and effective settlement. Based on our
assessment, we have determined that no liabilities for uncertain tax positions should be recorded.
20. Segment reporting
Segment information is presented in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting (“ASC 280”), which establishes standards for
reporting information about operating segments. It also establishes standards for related disclosures about products and geographic areas.
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities that earn revenues, incur expenses and
prepare separate financial information that is evaluated regularly by the Company’s chief operating decision maker ("CODM") in order to
allocate resources and assess performance. The Corporate and Other segment includes expenses related to certain executive salaries,
interest costs related to the Company's credit agreements, acquisition related costs, and other corporate costs that are not directly attributable
to the Company's operating segments. The accounting policies the Company's segments follow the Company's accounting policies.
107
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
Net sales from the major products sold to external customers include drainage pipe and precast products, concrete and steel water
transmission pipe, and clay bricks and concrete blocks.
The Company’s three geographic areas consist of the United States, Canada and Mexico for which it reports net sales, fixed assets
and total assets. For purposes of evaluating segment profit, the CODM reviews earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization
(“EBITDA”) as a basis for making the decisions to allocate resources and assess performance.
The following tables set forth reportable segment information with respect to net sales and other financial information attributable to the
Company's reportable segments for the year ended December 31, 2016, for the period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015, for the
period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015 and for the year ended December 31, 2014 :
Successor
For the year ended December 31, 2016:
Net Sales
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
Depreciation and amortization
Interest expense
EBITDA
Capital expenditures
Total assets as of December 31, 2016
For the period from March 14 to December 31, 2015:
Net Sales
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
Depreciation and amortization
Interest (income)/expense
EBITDA
Capital expenditures
Total assets as of December 31, 2015
Drainage Pipe &
Products
Water Pipe &
Products
Corporate and
Other
Total
728,872 $
632,573 $
2,517
1,363,962
89,706
41,004
7,564
45,084
51,799
1,758
(197,572)
700
115,726
138,274 $
98,641 $
(81,146) $
(62,782)
93,503
125,048
155,769
22,570 $
25,740 $
2,809 $
51,119
719,439 $
1,056,572 $
48,775 $
1,824,786
$
$
$
$
Drainage Pipe &
Products
Water Pipe &
Products
Corporate and
Other
431,723 $
48,216
16,792
(5)
167,417 $
6,824
7,944
—
5,135
(123,826)
512
45,958
65,003 $
14,768 $
(77,356) $
Total
604,275
(68,786)
25,248
45,953
2,415
10,648 $
4,719 $
— $
15,367
626,477 $
136,909 $
24,409 $
787,795
$
$
$
$
108
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
Predecessor
For the period from January 1 to March 13, 2015:
Net Sales
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
Depreciation and amortization
Interest expense
EBITDA
Capital expenditures
For the year ended December 31, 2014:
Net Sales
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
Depreciation and amortization
Interest (income)/expense
EBITDA
Capital expenditures
Drainage Pipe &
Products
Water Pipe &
Products
Corporate and
Other
79,341 $
8,839
3,231
—
30,464 $
(3,192)
1,030
—
2,893 $
(8,161)
128
82
12,070 $
(2,162) $
(7,951) $
Total
112,698
(2,514)
4,389
82
1,957
621 $
1,851 $
— $
2,472
Drainage Pipe &
Products
Water Pipe &
Products
Corporate and
Other
Total
436,754 $
149,864 $
10,808 $
597,426
64,686
16,011
—
6,412
4,968
—
(59,015)
2,645
—
80,697 $
11,380 $
(56,370) $
12,083
23,624
—
35,707
7,386 $
13,403 $
— $
20,789
$
$
$
$
$
$
In addition, the Company also has an investment in an equity method investee included in the Drainage Pipe & Products segment for which
earnings from equity method investee were $11.9 million , $8.4 million , $0.1 million , and $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016,
the period from March 14, to December 31, 2015, January 1, to March 13, 2015, and the year ended December 31, 2014, respectively, and
with the following balances:
Investment in equity method investee
$
55,236 $
56,289
At December 31,
2016
2015
The Company is also required by ASC 280 to disclose additional information related to geographic location. The Company has operations in
the United States, Canada and Mexico. The Company has both revenues and long-lived assets in each country and those assets and revenues
are recorded within geographic location as follows:
Property, plant, and equipment, net:
United States
Canada
Mexico
December 31,
2016
2015
$
$
422,853 $
19,584
10,477
452,914 $
266,846
49,013
—
315,859
109
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
Net Sales:
United States
Canada
Mexico
21. Discontinued operations
Successor
Predecessor
Year ended December
31
For the period
from March 14 to
December 31,
For the period from
January 1 to March
13,
Year ended
December 31
2016
2015
2015
2014
$
$
1,244,378 $
110,567
9,017
1,363,962 $
508,403 $
95,872
—
604,275 $
96,973 $
15,725
—
506,280
91,146
—
112,698 $
597,426
On August 23, 2016, an affiliate of Lone Star entered into an agreement with an unaffiliated third party to contribute Forterra's bricks
business to a Bricks Joint Venture. In exchange for the contribution of the bricks business, an affiliate of Lone Star received a 50% interest in
the Bricks Joint Venture. In connection with the Reorganization described in note 1, on October 17th, 2016, Forterra distributed its bricks
business to an affiliate of Lone Star in a transaction among entities under common control (the Bricks Disposition). Following the Bricks
Disposition, Forterra no longer had any relation to or business affiliation with its former bricks business or the Bricks Joint Venture other than
contractual arrangements regarding certain limited transition services, the temporary use of the “Forterra” name, and a short-term loan, of
approximately $11.9 million, which was subsequently been repaid in full in 2016.
As of the disposition date, the carrying value of net assets related to the brick business of $117.0 million were removed from the
Company's balance sheet and recognized as a return of capital. In addition, the disposition resulted in a net tax impact of $33.2 million which is
recognized as a reduction of contributed capital. The Company also reclassified the operations of the Company's then-former Brick business to
discontinued operations for all periods presented on the statement of operations. On the balance sheets, the prior period assets and liabilities
of the Brick business have been reclassified as amounts held for divestiture.
In the Predecessor periods, certain plants and facilities were determined to be outside of the scope of the Acquisition, and as such
were presented as held for sale on the combined balance sheets and discontinued operations on the combined statements of operations. As of
September 30, 2014, the Company distributed $16.4 million representing the net assets of the Maple Grove structural precast manufacturing
business (“Maple Grove”) in the United States to HC. HC sold Maple Grove to a third party on October 31, 2014; therefore, the results of Maple
Grove operations the year ended December 31, 2014 are reflected as discontinued operations.
The following table includes the major classes of line items constituting pretax income (loss) of discontinued operations for the periods
presented:
Successor
Predecessor
Year ended
December 31,
March 14 -
December 31,
January 1 - March
13,
Year ended
December 31,
2016
2015
2015
2014
Revenues
Cost of goods sold
Gross Profit
Selling, general and administrative
Other income and expense items
Pretax income (loss) on discontinued operations
Income tax expense
$
117,206 $
98,043
19,163
(14,186)
(785)
4,192
(708)
Discontinued operations, net of tax
$
3,484 $
118,389
112,775
5,614
(13,417)
(419)
(8,222)
(386)
(8,608)
$
19,922 $
19,493
429
(4,577)
164
(3,984)
—
$
(3,984) $
174,360
157,614
16,746
(16,248)
(600)
(102)
(473)
(575)
110
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
The major classes of assets and liabilities included as part of discontinued operations are as follows:
Cash
Trade receivables, net
Inventories
Other current assets
Current assets held for divestiture
Property, plant and equipment, net
Other long term assets
Non-current assets held for divestiture
Total assets of disposal group classified as held for divestiture
Trade payables
Accrued liabilities
Other current liabilities
Current liabilities held for divestiture
Other long-term liabilities
Non-current liabilities held for divestiture
Total liabilities of disposal group classified as held for divestiture
December 31, 2015
$
$
$
$
17,563
12,333
42,044
116
72,056
73,065
5,959
79,024
151,080
11,349
7,902
78
19,329
991
991
20,320
As the divestiture was completed October 17, 2016, there were no assets or liabilities held for divestiture as of December 31, 2016.
Cash flows relating to all plants presented as discontinued operations are included in operating an investing activities for all periods presented,
however the depreciation, amortization and capitalize expenditures related to discontinued operations are as follows:
Depreciation and amortization
Capital expenditures
$
$
Successor
Predecessor
Year ended
December 31,
Period from March 14
- December 31,
Period from
January 1 - March
13,
Year ended December
31,
2016
2015
2015
2014
7,680 $
4,677 $
2,505 $
272 $
12,981
4,505
6,370 $
8,251 $
111
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
22. Related party transactions
Successor
Hudson Advisors
The Company had an advisory agreement with Hudson Advisors, an affiliate of Lone Star, to provide certain management oversight
services to the Company, including assistance and advice on strategic plans, obtaining and maintaining certain legal documents, and
communicating and coordinating with service providers. The Company incurred fees totaling $4.7 million and $9.2 million for the year ended
December 31, 2016 and for the period from March 14 to December 31, 2015, respectively, included in Selling, general and administrative
expense on the consolidated Successor statement of operations.
In conjunction with the Offering, the advisory agreement with Hudson Advisors has been terminated.
Affiliates receivable
The Company pays for certain services provided for affiliates which the Company bills to its affiliates. At December 31, 2016, the
Company recorded a receivable of $0.1 million for services paid on behalf of affiliates in other current assets on the consolidated balance
sheet.
Tax receivable agreement
In connection with the Offering, the Company entered into a tax receivable agreement with Lone Star that provides for, among other
things, the payment by the Company to Lone Star of 85% of the amount of certain covered tax benefits, which may reduce the actual liability for
certain taxes that the Company might otherwise be required to pay. See further discussion at Note 15 Commitments and contingencies.
Contributed capital
During 2016, we had a capital contribution for the funding of the U.S. Pipe acquisition of $402.1 million. We also distributed the net
assets and certain tax attributes associated with Brick of $150.2 million to affiliates of LSF9 as well as the Tax Receivable Agreement of $142.3
million. Additionally, we made cash distributions to affiliates of LSF9 of $363.6 million and had other contributed capital activity of $38.4 million.
The initial contributed capital of LSF9 allocated to the Company was $167.5 million at the date of the Acquisition. During the period
from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015, the Company paid certain transaction and other costs for affiliates that are recorded as
distributions in these financial statements. Likewise, an affiliate not included in these financial statements paid $14.9 million of interest on
behalf of the Company. The above activity is recorded net as a return of contributed capital of $27.6 million in these financial statements.
Bricks Joint Venture
In connection with the Bricks Disposition, Forterra entered into a transition services agreement with the joint venture formed by the
affiliate of Lone and and an unaffiliated third party pursuant to which Forterra's former bricks business was contributed (the "Bricks Joint
Venture"). Pursuant to the transition services agreement. Forterra would continue to provide certain administrative services, including but not
limited to information technology, accounting and treasury for a limited period of time. The Bricks Joint Venture paid the Company a total of
$0.2 million pursuant to the transition services agreement in the year ended December 31, 2016. Additionally, through the fourth quarter of
2016, the Company continued to collect cash from as well as settle invoices on behalf of its former Bricks business. As a result, as of
December 31, 2016, Forterra has a net payable of $8.4 million for net cash collected on behalf of the recently divested Bricks business .
112
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
Predecessor
Parent company net investment
During the Predecessor period the combined financial statements for the Company are based on the accounting records of HC. Within
these records, each subsidiary of BP NAM has its own equity accounts in the books and records, as well as intercompany balances due
(to)/from affiliates and operations within HC. These intercompany balances are considered by HC as part of the capital structure of these
entities and are not regularly settled in cash with the affiliate counterparties. Therefore, these intercompany balances act as clearing accounts
between the parties and consist of the accumulated net transactions between the Company and other entities and operations of HC and may
include both operating items (allocated expenses and purchases of services and materials) and equity items (transfers of assets, cash and
dividends). The Company has recorded all such equity and intercompany balances in a single caption, Parent company net investment.
Allocated expenses
The Predecessor was allocated selling, general and administrative expenses from the Parent for certain shared services of $4.1
million, for the period from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2015. The allocated costs are included in costs of goods sold or selling, general and
administrative expenses in the combined statements of operations. The historical costs and expenses reflected in the Company's combined
financial statements include an allocation for certain corporate functions historically provided by HC or its wholly-owned subsidiaries.
Substantially all of the Company’s senior management were employed by HC and certain functions critical to the Company’s operations were
centralized and managed by HC. Historically, the centralized functions have included executive senior management, financial reporting,
financial planning and analysis, accounting, shared services, information technology, tax, risk management, treasury, legal, human resources,
land management and strategy and development. Additionally, the Company temporarily rented office space provided by affiliates of HC. The
cost of each of these services has been allocated to the Company on the basis of the Company’s relative net sales or head count as compared
to that of HC depending upon which allocation methodology is more meaningful for each service. The Company and HC believe that these
allocations reasonably reflect the utilization of services provided and benefits received. However, these amounts are not necessarily
representative of the amounts that would have been incurred by the Company as a standalone entity.
23. Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
113
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
The following is a summary of the quarterly results of operations:
Year ended December 31, 2016:
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net sales
Cost of goods sold
Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes
Income (loss) from continuing operations
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes
Net income (loss)
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes
Net earnings (loss)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes
Net earnings (loss)
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Successor
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
186,996 $
151,305
(12,729)
(2,162)
(1,774)
(3,936)
(0.05) $
(0.04) $
(0.09) $
(0.05) $
(0.04) $
(0.09) $
381,723 $
298,632
5,674
31,846
4,843
36,689
441,134 $
339,817
12,521
4,368
4,000
8,368
0.70 $
0.11 $
0.81 $
0.70 $
0.11 $
0.81 $
0.10 $
0.09 $
0.19 $
0.10 $
0.09 $
0.19 $
354,109
293,754
(68,248)
(45,142)
(3,585)
(48,727)
(0.75)
(0.06)
(0.81)
(0.75)
(0.06)
(0.81)
Year ended December 31, 2015:
Predecessor
Successor
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net sales
Cost of goods sold
Loss from continuing operations before taxes
Loss from continuing operations
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes
Net loss
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Loss from continuing operations
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes
Net loss
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Loss from continuing operations
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes
Net loss
January 1 through
March 13,
March 14
through
March 31,
Second
Quarter
Third Quarter Fourth Quarter
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
32,080 $
28,700
(17,621)
(17,621)
51
(17,570)
173,622 $
152,910
(11,686)
(13,136)
(4,011)
(17,147)
202,231 $
160,333
(10,453)
(13,053)
(1,914)
(14,967)
(0.39) $
— $
(0.39) $
(0.39) $
— $
(0.39) $
(0.29) $
(0.09) $
(0.38) $
(0.29) $
(0.09) $
(0.38) $
(0.29) $
(0.04) $
(0.33) $
(0.29) $
(0.04) $
(0.33) $
196,342
171,780
(29,026)
(30,368)
(2,734)
(33,102)
(0.67)
(0.06)
(0.73)
(0.67)
(0.06)
(0.73)
$
112,698
98,339
(2,514)
(1,772)
(3,984)
(5,756)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
114
FORTERRA, INC.
Consolidated (Successor) / Combined (Predecessor) Notes to Financial Statements
24. Subsequent events
On February 3, 2017, Forterra acquired Royal Enterprises America, Inc. ("Royal") for aggregate consideration of $35.5 million, subject
to customary working capital adjustments. Royal manufactures concrete drainage pipe, precast concrete products, stormwater treatment
technologies and erosion control products serving the greater Minneapolis market. The acquisition was financed with borrowings on the 2016
Revolver.
On February 9, 2017, Forterra entered into two interest rate swap transactions with a combined notional value of $525 million. Under
the terms of both swap transactions, Forterra agreed to pay a fixed rate of interest of 1.52% and receive floating rate interest indexed to one-
month LIBOR with monthly settlement terms with the swap counterparties. The swap has a three-year tenor and expires on March 31, 2020.
115
Table of Contents
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-
15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2016.
Based on the evaluation referenced above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure
controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2016 because of the material weaknesses
discussed below.
In light of these material weaknesses, we performed additional analyses and other procedures to ensure that our consolidated financial
statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K were prepared in accordance with US GAAP. These measures included, among other
things, expansion of our year-end closing and consolidation procedures, and implementation of additional analytical reviews and verification
procedures. As a result, we have concluded that the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K present
fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S.
GAAP.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is
responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and
15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with US GAAP. Internal
control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail,
accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions
are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of
the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide
reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that
could have a material effect on the financial statements.
This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include a report of management’s assessment regarding internal control over financial
reporting or an attestation report of the company’s registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the SEC
for newly public companies. However, material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting were identified in connection with the
audit of our financial statements for the period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015 and for the year ended December 31, 2016 and
therefore disclosure regarding these matters and the status of our remediation thereof is set forth below.
Material Weaknesses in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
In connection with the audit of our financial statements during the period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015 and year ended
December 31, 2016, material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting were identified.
116
Table of Contents
A material weakness is defined as a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that
there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on
a timely basis.
A material weakness with respect to inventory was identified in connection with the audit of our financial statements for the period from March
14, 2015 to December 31, 2015 and, as of December 31, 2016, existed regarding the following:
• Material weakness related to the aggregation of control deficiencies relating to inventory, including control deficiencies related to physical
inventory counts, the evaluation of reserves for excess inventories, the periodic review of manufacturing labor and overhead variances, and
standard cost procedures.
A material weakness with respect to bill and hold transactions was identified in connection with the audit of our financial statements for the year
ended December 31, 2016 and, as of December 31, 2016, existed regarding:
• Material weakness related to control deficiencies relating to bill and hold revenue transactions, including control deficiencies related to
procedures to identify all bill and hold arrangements and sufficiently evaluate the accounting criteria prior to revenue recognition.
Planned Remediation
The following describes the continuing remediation that management is taking to address the material weaknesses described above as of
December 31, 2016:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Recruit additional knowledgeable accounting personnel focused on inventory cost processes and controls.
Create accounting policies for establishing and monitoring inventory standard costs, evaluating labor and overhead variances and
revenue recognition including bill and hold transactions.
Conduct additional training on all accounting policies with special emphasis on physical inventory counts.
Direct the internal audit organization to increase risk-based monitoring of inventory physical counts.
Create new monitoring controls to identify and correct invalid amounts within sales backlog.
Implement a policy which prohibits bill and hold transactions.
The previously disclosed material weakness regarding systems, processes and people identified in connection with the audit of our financial
statements for the period from March 14, 2015 to December 31, 2015 was remediated in 2016.
The following describes the remedial actions that have been implemented to date to address our material weaknesses existing as of December
31, 2015:
•
•
•
•
•
Expanded and strengthened our finance and accounting organization by recruiting and hiring additional finance personnel;
Created our internal audit organization, which reports directly to our audit committee;
Documented transaction processes and designed internal controls for each business cycle (Purchase to Pay, Quote to Cash, Inventory,
Payroll and Benefits, and Financial Close and Reporting);
Implemented a new accounting application to enhance controls over account reconciliations; and
Trained users on our ERP system use and controls.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Other than the Completed Remediation actions described above there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting
during the quarter ended December 31, 2016 that have a materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control
over financial reporting.
117
Table of Contents
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls
and procedures or our system of internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no
matter how well designed or operated, can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system of internal
control are met. The design of our control system reflects the fact that there are resource constraints, and that the benefits of such control
system must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls
can provide absolute assurance that all control failures and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent
limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or
mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the intentional acts of individuals, by collusion of two or more people, or by management
override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is also based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events,
and there can be no assurance that the design of any particular control will always succeed in achieving its objective under all potential future
conditions.
118
Table of Contents
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
119
Table of Contents
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
PART III
The information required by this Item is herein incorporated by reference to the Company's definitive proxy statement relating to the 2017
Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after December 31, 2016.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item is herein incorporated by reference to the Company's definitive proxy statement relating to the 2017
Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after December 31,
2016.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Information with Respect to Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table summarizes, as of December 31, 2016, information with respect to (a) the number of securities to be issued upon
exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights, (b) the weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights and
(c) the number of securities remaining available for future issuance, in each case under our 2016 Stock Incentive Plan. We do not have any
equity compensation plans not approved by security holders.
Plan Category
(a) Number of Securities
to Be Issued Upon
Exercise of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights
(b) Weighted Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights
(c) Number of Securities
Remaining Available
for Future Issuance
Under Equity
Compensation Plans
(Excluding Securities
Reflected in Column(a))
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
361,590 $
18.00
4,501,510
All other information required by this Item is herein incorporated by reference to the Company's definitive proxy statement relating to the 2017
Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after December 31,
2016.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item is herein incorporated by reference to the Company's definitive proxy statement relating to the 2017
Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after December 31,
2016.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this Item is herein incorporated by reference to the Company's definitive proxy statement relating to the 2017
Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after December 31,
2016.
120
Table of Contents
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
PART IV
Exhibit No.
Description of Exhibit
2.1+
2.2
2.3
2.4+
2.5+
2.6+
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
10.1
10.2
10.3
Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 23, 2014, by and between HBMA Holdings LLC,
Structherm Holdings Limited, Hanson America Holdings (4) Limited, Hanson Packed Products
Limited and LSF9 Stardust Holdings LLC, and, solely for the purposes of Section 9.08 and
Article IX thereto, HeidelbergCement AG.
Amendment No. 1 to the Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 21, 2015, by and between
HBMA Holdings LLC, Structherm Holdings Limited, Hanson America Holdings (4) Limited,
Hanson Packed Products Limited and LSF9 Stardust Holdings LLC.
Assignment and Amendment to the Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 13, 2015, by and
between LSF9 Stardust Holdings LLC and LSF9 Concrete Ltd, and solely for the purposes of
Article III thereto, HBMA Holdings LLC, Structherm Holdings Limited, Hanson America Holdings
(4) Limited, Hanson Packed Products Limited, Stardust Acquisition I Company, LLC, Stardust
Acquisition II Company, LLC, LSF9 Concrete UK Ltd, Stardust Canada Acquisition I Ltd And
Stardust Canada Acquisition II Ltd.
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 20, 2015, by and among HBP Pipe & Precast
LLC, Cretex Companies, Inc. and Cretex Concrete Products, Inc.
Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 29, 2016, by and among Forterra Pipe & Precast,
LLC, Sherman-Dixie Concrete Industries, Inc., the shareholders named therein, and PKD
Partnership.
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 12, 2016, by and among Forterra Pipe &
Precast, LLC, USP Holdings Inc., the stockholders and optionholders of USP Holdings Inc.
named therein, and Alabama Seller Rep Inc.
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant.
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant.
Registration Rights Agreement dated as of October 19, 2016 between Forterra, Inc. and LSF9
Concrete Mid-Holdings Ltd.
Form of Certificate of Common Stock of the Registrant.
Senior Lien Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of March 13, 2015, by and among LSF9
Concrete Ltd, LSF9 Concrete Holdings Ltd, Stardust Finance Holdings, Inc., as borrower, the
lenders party thereto, and Credit Suisse AG as administrative agent.
First Incremental Facility Amendment to the Senior Lien Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as
of October 1, 2015, by and among LSF9 Concrete Ltd, LSF9 Concrete Holdings Ltd, Stardust
Finance Holdings, Inc., the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto, and Credit Suisse
AG as administrative agent.
Second Incremental Facility Amendment to the Senior Lien Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated
as of June 17, 2016, by and among LSF9 Concrete Ltd, LSF9 Concrete Holdings Ltd, Stardust
Finance Holdings, Inc., the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto, and Credit Suisse
AG as administrative agent.
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(d)
(b)
(b)
(e)
(a)
(a)
(a)
121
Table of Contents
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
10.15
10.16#
10.17#
Junior Lien Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of March 13, 2015, by and among LSF9
Concrete Ltd, LSF9 Concrete Holdings Ltd, Stardust Finance Holdings, Inc., as borrower, the
lenders party thereto, and Credit Suisse AG as administrative agent.
ABL Credit Agreement dated as of March 13, 2015, by and among LSF9 Concrete Ltd, LSF9
Concrete Holdings Ltd, Stardust Finance Holdings, Inc., as initial borrower, the additional
revolving borrowers party thereto, the lenders party thereto, Credit Suisse AG as administrative
agent, and Bank of America, N.A. as collateral agent.
First Amendment to ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2015, by and among LSF9
Concrete Holdings Ltd, Stardust Finance Holdings, Inc., the additional revolving borrowers party
thereto, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Credit Suisse AG as
administrative agent.
Incremental Facility Amendment to ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of November 10, 2015, by
and among LSF9 Concrete Ltd, LSF9 Concrete Holdings Ltd, Stardust Finance Holdings,
Inc., the additional revolving borrowers party thereto, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders
party thereto, Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent, and Bank of
America, N.A. as collateral agent.
Second Amendment and Consent to ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of April 13, 2016, by and
among LSF9 Concrete Ltd, LSF9 Concrete Holdings Ltd, Stardust Finance Holdings, Inc., the
additional revolving borrowers party thereto, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party
thereto, and Bank of America, N.A. as collateral agent and administrative agent.
Master Land and Building Lease, dated April 5, 2016, by and among Forterra Pipe & Precast,
LLC, Forterra Pressure Pipe, Inc., Forterra Concrete Products, Inc. and Forterra Concrete
Industries, Inc., as Tenant, and Pipe Portfolio Owner (MULTI) LP, as Landlord.
First Amendment to Master Land and Building Lease, dated April 14, 2016 by and among
Forterra Pipe & Precast, LLC, Forterra Pressure Pipe, Inc., Forterra Concrete Products, Inc.,
Forterra Concrete Industries, Inc. and Pipe Portfolio Owner (MULTI) LP.
Master Land and Building Lease, dated April 5, 2016, by and among, Forterra Pipe & Precast,
Ltd., Forterra Pressure Pipe, Inc., and Forterra Pipe & Precast Quebec, Ltd., as Tenant, and
FORT-NOM Holdings (ONQC) LTD., as Landlord.
Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Concrete Pipe & Precast, LLC,
dated as of August 3, 2012, by and among Concrete Pipe & Precast, LLC, Americast, Inc. and
Hanson Pipe & Precast LLC.
Asset Advisory Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2015, by and between Hudson Americas
LLC, LSF9 Stardust Holdings, L.P., and Lone Star Fund IX (U.S.), L.P. for purposes of Section
7(a).
Form of Tax Receivable Agreement.
Form of Indemnification Agreement for executive officers and directors.
Employment Agreement between HBP Pipe and Precast LLC and Jeff Bradley dated as of July
8, 2015.
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Forterra Pipe & Precast, LLC and
William Matthew Brown dated as of June 28, 2016.
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(a)
(a)
(e)
(b)
(a)
(a)
122
Table of Contents
10.18#
10.19#
10.20#
10.21#
10.22#
10.23#
10.24#
10.25#
10.26
10.27
21.1
23.1
23.2
31.1
31.2
32.1
99.1
LSF9 Concrete Holdings Ltd. Long Term Incentive Plan (with form of award agreement).
Notice regarding LSF9 Concrete Holdings Ltd. Long Term Incentive Plan dated December 14,
2016.
Forterra, Inc. 2016 Stock Incentive Plan.
Form of Grant Notice for 2016 Stock Incentive Plan Nonqualified Stock Options Award.
Form of Grant Notice for 2016 Stock Incentive Plan Incentive Stock Options Award.
Form of Grant Notice for 2016 Stock Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Award.
Form of Grant Notice for 2016 Stock Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award.
(a)
*
(g)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
Form of Grant Notice for 2016 Stock Incentive Plan Performance Restricted Stock Unit Award.
(c)
Senior Lien Term Loan Credit Agreement dated October 25, 2016 by and among Forterra, Inc.,
Forterra Finance, LLC, as borrower, the lenders party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman
Islands Branch, as administrative agent.
ABL Credit Agreement dated October 25, 2016 by and among Forterra, Inc. and certain of its
subsidiaries, as borrowers, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as agent.
Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
Consent of Hein & Associates LLP.
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Financial Statements of Concrete Pipe & Precast, LLC as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and
for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL
101.DEF
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.
XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document.
XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.
123
(f)
(f)
*
*
*
*
^
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Table of Contents
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.
*
*
#
+
^
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
Filed herewith
Denotes management compensatory plan or arrangement
Certain schedules to this agreement have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedules will be
furnished supplementally to the SEC upon request.
Exhibit 32.1 shall not be deemed filed with the SEC, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing with the SEC under the Exchange
Act or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language
in any filings.
Previously filed on July 8, 2016 as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-212449) and incorporated herein
by reference.
Previously filed on August 15, 2016 as an exhibit to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-212449)
and incorporated herein by reference.
Previously filed on September 8, 2016 as an exhibit to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-
212449) and incorporated herein by reference.
Previously filed on October 7, 2016 as an exhibit to Amendment No. 4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-212449)
and incorporated herein by reference.
Previously filed on October 17, 2016 as an exhibit to Amendment No. 5 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-212449)
and incorporated herein by reference.
Previously filed on November 11, 2016 as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A and incorporated herein by reference.
Previously filed on January 10, 2017 as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-215504) and incorporated
herein by reference.
124
Table of Contents
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
SIGNATURES
FORTERRA, INC.
(Registrant)
/s/ Jeff Bradley
By:
Jeff Bradley
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
March 31, 2017
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of
the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
/s/ Jeffrey Bradley
Jeffrey Bradley
President and Chief Executive Officer; Director
March 31, 2017
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ William Matthew Brown
William Matthew Brown
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
March 31, 2017
(Principal Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/ Kevin Barner
Kevin Barner
/s/ Robert Corcoran
Robert Corcoran
/s/ Samuel D. Loughlin
Samuel D. Loughlin
/s/ Clint McDonnough
Clint McDonnough
/s/ John McPherson
John McPherson
/s/ Chris Meyer
Chris Meyer
/s/ Jacques Sarrazin
Jacques Sarrazin
/s/ Chadwick Suss
Chadwick Suss
Director
Director
March 31, 2017
March 31, 2017
Chairman of the Board, Director
March 31, 2017
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
125
March 31, 2017
March 31, 2017
March 31, 2017
March 31, 2017
March 31, 2017
Table of Contents
/s/ Kyle Volluz
Kyle Volluz
/s/ Grant Wilbeck
Grant Wilbeck
Director
Director
126
March 31, 2017
March 31, 2017
EXHIBIT 10.19
December 14, 2016
Re: LSF9 Concrete Holdings Ltd. Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "Plan"; capitalized terms used herein shall have the meanings
given to them in the Plan)
To all participants in the Plan:
Each of you currently participates in the Plan, and, pursuant to the Plan and an Award Agreement which each of you
executed, each of you was awarded Pool Units. This letter is intended to clarify certain provisions in the Plan that relate to the Pool
Units awarded to you.
Please note the following:
(a) On and as of October 14, 2016, sponsorship of the Plan and your Award Agreement has been transferred from LSF9
Concrete Holdings Ltd. to Forterra, Inc. From and after October 1 4, 2016, all references in the Plan and your Award
Agreement to "the Company" shall be deemed references to Forterra, Inc. If amounts become payable under the Plan
after October 14, 2016, those amounts will be paid by Forterra, Inc.
(b) I hereby confirm that all cash proceeds received by Lone Star Fund IX (U.S.), LP. and its affiliates ("Lone Star") in
respect of Lone Star's investment in each of the following or their successors in interest: (1) Forterra plc, a public limited
company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales, (2) Forterra Brick, Ltd., British Columbia company, and
(3) Bricks Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, shall be considered cash proceeds received by the
Company's direct and indirect equity owners in respect of a Liquidity Event for purposes of (A) determining the
Cumulative IRR for purposes of the Plan and (B) whether and to what extent amounts shall be credited to the Incentive
Pool under the Plan.
(c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan or your individual Award Agreement, I hereby confirm that Pool
Units awarded to you shall be considered fully vested, and not subject to forfeiture if you are employed by Forterra, Inc.
or one of its subsidiaries on and as of the date on which Lone Star no longer holds any shares of Forterra, Inc.
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-215504) pertaining to the 2016
Stock Incentive Plan of Forterra, Inc. of our report dated March 31, 2017, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of
Forterra, Inc. (Successor) and the combined financial statements of the North American building products operations of
HeidelbergCement AG (the Predecessor) included in the Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Forterra, Inc. for the year ended December
31, 2016.
EXHIBIT 23.1
Dallas, Texas
March 31, 2017
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
EXHIBIT 23.2
We consent to the use of our report dated March 24, 2017, relating to the financial statements of Concrete Pipe & Precast, LLC as of December
31, 2016 and 2014 and for each of the years then ended, which report expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph
that indicates the balance sheet as of December 31, 2015, and the related statements of income, changes in members’ equity and cash flows for
the year then ended were not audited, reviewed, or compiled by us, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Forterra, Inc. for the year
ended December 31, 2016.
/s/ Hein & Associates LLP
Houston, Texas
March 31, 2017
EXHIBIT 31.1
I, Jeff Bradley, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Forterra, Inc.;
SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to
make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the
period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material
respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our
supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us
by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about
the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such
evaluation; and
(c) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most
recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably
likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial
reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent
functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal
control over financial reporting.
Date: March 31, 2017
/s/ Jeff Bradley
Jeff Bradley
President and Chief Executive Officer
EXHIBIT 31.2
I, William M. Brown, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Forterra, Inc.;
SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to
make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the
period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material
respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our
supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us
by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;
and
(c) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most
recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably
likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial
reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent
functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal
control over financial reporting.
Date: March 31, 2017
/s/ William M. Brown
William M. Brown
Executive Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer
CERTIFICATION
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
EXHIBIT 32.1
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 of Forterra, Inc. (the “Company”) as filed
with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), and pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, each of the undersigned officers of the Company certifies to his knowledge that:
•
•
the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the
Company.
Date: March 31, 2017
Date: March 31, 2017
/s/ Jeff Bradley
Jeff Bradley
President and Chief Executive Officer
/s/ William M. Brown
William M. Brown
Executive Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the
Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
EXHIBIT 99.1
CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST, LLC
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015 AND FOR THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016
Board of Managers
Concrete Pipe & Precast, LLC
Independent Auditor’s Report
Report on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying financial statements of Concrete Pipe & Precast, LLC (the “Company”), which comprise the balance sheet
as of December 31, 2016, and the related statements of income, changes in members’ equity and cash flows for each of the years ended
December 31, 2016 and 2014, and the related notes to the financial statements.
Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statements in accordance with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to
the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Auditor’s Responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with
auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The
procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial
statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s
preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but
not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An
audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made
by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.
Opinion
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Concrete Pipe &
Precast, LLC as of December 31, 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years ended December 31, 2016 and
2014 in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Other Matter
The accompanying balance sheet of Concrete Pipe & Precast, LLC as of December 31, 2015, and the related statements of income, changes in
members’ equity and cash flows for the year then ended were not audited, reviewed, or compiled by us and, accordingly, we do not express an
opinion or any other form of assurance on them.
/s/ Hein & Associates LLP
Houston, Texas
March 24, 2017
CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST, LLC
BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, 2016 and 2015
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash
Trade accounts receivable - net
Inventories
Prepaid insurance and other assets
Due from affiliates
Current portion of non-trade notes receivable
Total current assets
2016
$
171,891
$
17,743,510
15,734,121
1,455,448
1,059
971,138
2015
(unaudited)
47,035
15,075,621
15,347,794
429,021
1,478
20,991
36,077,167
30,921,940
PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT - NET
67,129,308
69,641,313
OTHER ASSETS
Non-trade notes receivable
Property held for sale
Intangible assets - net
Deposits and other assets
Total other assets
Total Assets
LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Cash overdraft
Accounts payable
Current maturities of notes payable
Due to affiliates
Other current liabilities
Total current liabilities
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
Notes payable
Total liabilities
Commitments and contingencies (see note 10)
MEMBERS’ EQUITY
Total Liabilities and Members' Equity
—
1,523,758
347
60,142
1,584,247
1,003,644
1,619,758
8,681
240,016
2,872,099
$
104,790,722
$
103,435,352
$
2,181,667
$
9,084,640
2,400,000
120,108
2,251,132
16,037,547
1,894,721
6,975,163
2,400,000
96,753
1,930,282
13,296,919
20,736,770
36,774,317
20,318,852
33,615,771
68,016,405
69,819,581
$
104,790,722
$
103,435,352
CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST, LLC
STATEMENTS OF INCOME
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014
Net sales
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Selling expenses
General and administrative expense
Other operating income
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS
Other income (expense)
Interest expense, net
Other income
Net income
2016
2015
(unaudited)
2014
$
153,345,289
$
123,888,361
$
111,753,133
111,659,657
41,685,632
94,380,393
29,507,968
90,003,024
21,750,109
4,298,678
12,372,828
(315,713)
25,329,839
4,071,749
10,781,952
(394,251)
15,048,518
3,703,397
9,952,645
(362,542)
8,456,609
(476,706)
—
(458,309)
1,499,733
(576,713)
866,297
$
24,853,133
$
16,089,942
$
8,746,193
CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST, LLC
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014
Net cash provided by operating activities
30,779,134
20,521,701
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by
operating activities:
Depreciation
Amortization of debt issuance costs
Amortization of intangibles
Bad debt
Net gain on disposal of assets
Impairment of assets
Changes in working capital:
Trade accounts receivable, net
Inventories
Prepaids and other assets
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Cash overdraft
Accrued performance fee
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Capital expenditures
Acquisition of new plant
Proceeds from disposal of assets (2014 shown net of closing costs of $86,168)
Principal received on notes receivable
Due from affiliates
Net cash used in investing activities
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Distributions paid
Net proceeds on revolving line of credit
Principal payments on long-term debt
Loan origination costs
Net cash used in financing activities
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH
CASH, BEGINNING OF YEAR
CASH, END OF YEAR
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for:
Interest
$
$
2016
2015
(unaudited)
2014
$
24,853,133
$
16,089,942
$
8,746,193
7,104,282
7,412,989
7,634,819
14,174
8,334
121,860
(3,118)
—
(2,789,749)
(386,327)
(861,787)
2,431,386
286,946
—
14,174
8,334
75,676
(39,198)
171,407
(3,056,320)
(1,873,065)
(114,900)
1,870,549
(37,887)
—
(4,811,478)
(4,781,042)
—
318,319
53,497
23,774
—
48,294
23,602
12,468
123,254
7,986
144,165
(917,211)
—
(775,833)
554,820
(127,111)
214,583
1,932,608
(3,401,851)
14,136,422
(2,710,151)
(3,051,638)
177,332
1,763
121,691
(4,415,888)
(4,696,678)
(5,461,003)
(26,656,309)
417,919
(17,600,000)
1,776,152
—
—
—
—
(26,238,390)
(15,823,848)
124,856
47,035
1,175
45,860
(22,225,811)
20,942,700
(11,963,800)
(70,876)
(13,317,787)
(4,642,368)
4,688,228
171,891
$
47,035
$
45,860
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Note receivable received for sale of property, plant, and equipment
$
—
476,706
$
$
458,309
—
$
$
453,459
1,050,000
CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST, LLC
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN MEMBERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2013
Distributions
Net income
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2014
Distributions (unaudited)
Net income (unaudited)
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2015 (unaudited)
Distributions
Net income
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2016
$
$
84,706,932
(22,123,486)
8,746,193
71,329,639
(17,600,000)
16,089,942
69,819,581
(26,656,309)
24,853,133
68,016,405
CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015 AND FOR THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016
1.
NATURE OF BUSINESS
Concrete Pipe & Precast, LLC (“CP&P” or the “Company”) commenced operations on August 3, 2012, through a joint venture formation
agreement by and between two well established pipe and precast companies, Americast, Inc., a Virginia corporation (“Americast”), and Hanson
Pipe & Precast, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Hanson”) (collectively, the “Members”). The Members formed CP&P, a limited
liability company under the laws of the State of Delaware. Both Members made initial contributions of tangible and intangible assets such as
human resources, inventory, and property, plant, and equipment at the formation of CP&P. On March 13, 2015, Forterra Pipe and Precast, LLC
(“Forterra”) acquired Hanson’s interest in CP&P. As such, Forterra became a member of CP&P.
CP&P is engaged primarily in the manufacture, marketing, sale, and distribution of concrete pipe and precast products. Operations are
primarily in Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Georgia, with sales to contiguous states.
CP&P’s operating agreement stipulates how capital contributions, distributions, and income or losses of CP&P are to be allocated to each
Member, which is not always in accordance with each Member’s respective ownership percentage. Each of the Member’s loss is limited to the
amount of capital contributed. CP&P shall continue in existence until dissolved in accordance with the provisions of the agreement.
2.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date
of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from
those estimates. The more significant estimates made by management relate to inventory reserves, allowance for doubtful accounts and
impairment of long-lived assets.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the statement of cash flows, CP&P considers all highly-liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months
or less to be cash equivalents. Cash accounts in excess of federally-insured limits are subject to risk of loss.
Accounts and Notes Receivable
Accounts receivable, net consists of amounts billed to customers less an allowance for doubtful accounts. CP&P accounts for estimated
uncollectible amounts by reducing earnings through a valuation allowance. This allowance is based on the judgment of management as to the
estimated collectability of the receivables balance at year end and is adjusted as experience, economic conditions, and other factors dictate.
CP&P established an allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable of $931,647 and $500,000 (unaudited) as of December 31, 2016 and
2015, respectively, to report receivables at their net realizable value. Bad debt write-offs totaled $121,860 in 2016, $75,676 (unaudited) in 2015,
and $144,165 during 2014. Generally, accounts receivable are unsecured and subject to certain credit risks. However, certain accounts
receivable are secured through liens or bonding agents.
Accounts receivable are considered delinquent once they are 90 days past due. Finance charges begin to accrue once an account is 30 days past
due and continue to accrue regardless of status. Trade receivable balances that remain
- 7 -
CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015 AND FOR THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016
outstanding after CP&P has used reasonable collection efforts are written off by reducing accounts receivable and the valuation allowance.
Allowances for non-trade note receivable losses are determined primarily on the basis of management’s best estimate of probable losses,
including specific allowances for known troubled accounts. Interest income on notes receivable is accrued monthly.
In October of 2014, CP&P obtained a non-trade note receivable related to the sale of property, plant, and equipment. The total principal balance
of the note amounted to $1,050,000. The note accrues interest at an annual rate of 5.0% and requires monthly payments of $6,138 beginning on
December 1, 2014. All payments of principal and interest are current as of December 31, 2016. Principal and all accrued interest is payable in
full on November 1, 2017. The note is secured by the respective property, plant, and equipment. The outstanding balance of the note amounted
to $971,138 and $1,024,635 (unaudited) at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. CP&P considers the note receivable plus accrued
interest to be fully collectible and, therefore, has determined that an allowance is not necessary.
Concentration of credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are primarily receivables. The Company performs
ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally requires no collateral other than partial advance payments or
deposits from its customers on major projects.
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market using several cost flow assumptions including FIFO (first-in, first-out method) and average
cost.
Property, Plant, and Equipment
All initial capital contributions of property, plant, and equipment by each Member were contributed at that Member’s respective book values.
Property, plant, and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line over the following estimated useful lives:
Buildings and improvements
Machinery and equipment
Vehicles and delivery equipment
Office equipment
Estimated Useful
Life in Years
15 - 39
5 - 20
5 - 12
3 - 7
Depreciation expense amounted to $7,104,282 in 2016, $7,412,989 (unaudited) in 2015, and $7,634,819 in 2014.
The Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC 360, Property, Plant, and
Equipment (“ASC 360”). ASC 360 requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount of
an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. No indication of impairment existed during any of the
years presented. Such evaluations for impairment are significantly impacted by estimates of future prices for the Company’s products, capital
needs, economic trends in the construction sector and other factors. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be
recognized is measured at the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds their
- 8 -
CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015 AND FOR THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016
fair value. Assets to be disposed of by sale are reflected at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell.
Property Held for Sale
Individual long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale are classified as assets held for sale if the following criteria are met:
•
•
•
The carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use;
The disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that usual and customary for
such sales; and
The sale is highly probable.
Assets held for sale are carried at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell and are presented separately on the face of
the balance sheet. Assets classified as held for sale are no longer depreciated. As of December 31, 2016, property held for sale was $1,523,758
and was $1,619,758 (unaudited) as of December 31, 2015.
Intangible Assets - net
Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the assets.
Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of goods sold on the statements of income. Delivery revenue is included in net sales on the
statements of income.
Income Taxes
CP&P is a limited liability company. Accordingly, under the Internal Revenue Code, all taxable income or loss flows through to its Members.
All state income taxes are passed through to the Members also. Therefore, no income tax expense or liability is recorded in the accompanying
financial statements.
CP&P has reviewed and evaluated the relevant technical merits of each of its tax positions in accordance with guidance established by the
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and determined that there are no uncertain tax positions that would have a material impact on
the financial statements of CP&P. The open tax years related to state tax filings are 2013 – 2016 and will expire in 2017-2020. When and if
applicable, potential interest and penalty costs are accrued as incurred, with expenses recognized in general and administrative expense on the
statement of income.
Revenue Recognition
Revenues are recognized by the Company when the risks and rewards associated with the transactions have been transferred to the purchaser,
which is demonstrated when all the following conditions are met: evidence of a binding arrangement exists, products have been delivered or
services have been rendered, there is no future performance required, fees are fixed or determinable and amounts are collectable under normal
payment terms. Sales represent the net amount chargeable in respect of services rendered and goods supplied. Sales are recognized net of any
discounts given to the customer and sales or use tax.
The Company recognizes revenue at the time the product is shipped to the customer. In most cases, the final delivery to the customers is within
the same day that the shipment is picked up by a third party hauler.
- 9 -
CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015 AND FOR THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016
Sales Taxes
CP&P collects sales tax from customers and remits the entire amount to the taxing jurisdictions. CP&P’s accounting policy is to exclude the tax
collected and remitted to the taxing jurisdictions from revenues and cost of sales.
Fair Value
CP&P follows current accounting standards relating to fair value measurements and disclosures, which define fair value, establish guidelines
for measuring fair value, establish a framework for measuring fair value, and expand disclosures regarding fair value measurement. The
Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and
debt. The carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments approximates the fair value due to their highly liquid nature, short-term
maturity, or competitive rates assigned to these financial instruments.
Members’ Equity
At the formation of CP&P, each member received 500 common voting units. As of December 31, 2016, each Member has 500 common units.
Income and losses are allocated to the members based upon their relative share of common units, exception that depreciation, and gains and
losses related to property, plant, and equipment as part of the initial contribution to CP&P are allocated back to the Members who originally
contributed the assets. Depreciation, gains and losses related to property, plant, and equipment acquired subsequent to the formation of CP&P
are allocated based on common units.
CP&P distributes cash to the Members in an amount equal to the estimated tax amount on its taxable income. All additional distributions are
divided equally among the Members.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which provides accounting guidance for
all revenue arising from contracts with customers and affects all entities that enter into contracts to provide goods or services to their customers.
The FASB subsequently voted to defer the application of the provisions of this standard for public companies until annual reporting periods
beginning after December 15, 2017 in ASU 2015-14 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date,
including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company anticipate adopting the modified retrospective transition method and do
not plan to adopt ASC 606. Based on management’s evaluation to-date, management does not anticipate this standard will have a material
impact on our financial statements. The Company continue to evaluate the impacts of ASC 606 will have on our disclosures.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), amending the existing accounting standards for lease accounting,
including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and making targeted changes to lessor accounting. For public
business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including
interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted as of the standard’s issuance date. ASU 2016-02 requires a modified
retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain
transition relief. The Company believes this ASU will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements as it will result in most
of the Company’s leases and associated assets being presented on the balance sheet.
Subsequent Events
Management has evaluated subsequent events through March 24, 2017, which is the date the financial statements were available to be issued.
- 10 -
CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015 AND FOR THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016
3.
BUSINESS ACQUISITION
On January 15, 2014, CP&P acquired various assets of Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc., a concrete product manufacturing facility located in
Greencastle, Pennsylvania. The results of operations have been included in the financial statements since the date of acquisition. As a result of
the acquisition, CP&P expects to expand their market geographically and strengthen customer relationships.
The total purchase price of the manufacturing facility amounted to $3,051,638 and was paid to the seller in cash. The following table
summarizes the amounts of assets recognized at the acquisition date.
Property, plant, and equipment
Inventory
Intangible assets
Total assets acquired
$1,775,000
1,251,638
25,000
$3,051,638
The acquired non-competition agreement is being amortized over its useful life, which is estimated to be three years.
4.
INVENTORIES
Inventories consisted of the following as of December 31:
Finished goods
Raw materials
Supplies
Total inventories
2016
12,542,761 $
3,101,678
89,682
15,734,121 $
2015
(unaudited)
12,330,965
2,889,715
127,114
15,347,794
$
$
- 11 -
CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015 AND FOR THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016
5.
PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant, and equipment consisted of the following at December 31:
Land and buildings
Machinery and equipment
Vehicles and delivery equipment
Office equipment
Assets under development
Total
Less: Accumulated depreciation
Net property, plant, and equipment
6.
INTANGIBLE ASSETS - NET
Intangible assets consist of the following at December 31:
2016
2015
(unaudited)
$
$
42,905,562 $
102,209,256
788,421
1,245,071
6,174,946
153,323,256
(86,193,948)
67,129,308 $
42,288,057
100,286,500
1,703,637
1,350,542
3,859,877
149,488,613
(79,847,300)
69,641,313
Non-competition agreement
Less: Accumulated amortization
Intangible assets - net
2016
25,000
(24,653)
$
347
$
2015
(unaudited)
25,000
(16,319)
8,681
Amortization expense amounted to $8,334 for 2016 and 2015 (unaudited) and $7,986 in 2014.
Estimated amortization expense for each for 2017 is $347.
7.
NOTES PAYABLE
On August 3, 2012, CP&P entered into a revolving line of credit with Bank of America (“BoA”) and a $15,000,000 Term Loan. Each
instrument accrued interest based on the LIBOR plus an applicable margin. There were no borrowings on the line of credit at any point during
2014. The Term Loan was repayable in monthly principal payments of $178,600 plus interest.
On July 9, 2014, CP&P refinanced its BoA debt through a Wells Fargo Bank revolving line of credit (“WF Revolver”). The monthly payments
of accrued interest are based on an interest rate equal to the LIBOR rate plus an applicable margin based on performance. The applicable
margin at December 31, 2016 was 1.75%. CP&P is also subject to an unused commitment fee on the WF Revolver as defined in the credit
agreement with Wells Fargo. The WF Revolver’s original credit limit of $35,000,000 is reduced by $600,000 every quarter beginning with the
quarter ended September 30, 2014. The credit agreement defines current maturities as $2,400,000. The borrowings from the WF Revolver were
used to pay off the BoA debt and provide additional liquidity. The available credit limit, restricted by a borrowing base limitation as outlined in
the credit agreement at December 31, 2016 is $29,000,000. The WF Revolver becomes due on July 9, 2019.
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CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015 AND FOR THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016
The WF Revolver is secured by certain real property and all machinery and equipment, vehicles and delivery equipment, office equipment,
other personal property, accounts receivable, general intangibles, and inventory.
The outstanding balance of the WF Revolver consisted of the following at December 31,
Current portion
Long-term portion
Notes payable
2016
2015
$ 2,400,000
20,736,770
$23,136,770 $
(unaudited)
2,400,000
20,318,852
22,718,852
Annual maturities of the WF Revolver are $2,400,000 for 2017 and 2018 and $18,336,770 in 2019.
CP&P is subject to two loan covenants: a Funded Debt to EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) Ratio and a
Basic Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. CP&P was in compliance with all loan covenants for as of December 31, 2016.
8.
PROFIT SHARING PLANS AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENT
CP&P has adopted a plan allowing all qualified employees to invest a portion of their current earnings in an employees’ 401(k) retirement fund.
CP&P matches a portion of the elective contributions made by the employees based on the terms of the plan. CP&P may also, at its sole
discretion, make additional contributions for all eligible employees. Employer contributions to the plan amounted to approximately $835,000 in
2016, $733,000 (unaudited) in 2015 and $354,000 for 2014.
CP&P entered into a collective bargaining agreement on August 28, 2012, with the union workforce at one production facility. The terms of the
current agreement are up for renewal on August 27, 2018. Approximately 7% of the total production workforce is covered under this agreement
as of December 2016.
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CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015 AND FOR THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016
9.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Included in trade accounts receivable, net and accounts payable are amounts due and from both Eagle Corporation and Forterra, which are both
Members. Additionally, receivables and payables included in due to and due from affiliates from non-trade transactions with Eagle Corporation
are separately presented on the balance sheet. The outstanding balances as of December 31 are:
Trade accounts receivable, net - Eagle
Trade accounts receivable, net - Forterra
Accounts Payable - Eagle
Accounts Payable - Forterra
Due from affiliates
Due to affiliates
2016
430
—
8,884
15,025
1,059
120,108
2015
(unaudited)
10
—
7,084
13,112
1,478
96,753
CP&P sold approximately $107,000 in 2016, $127,000 (unaudited) in 2015, and $1,383,000 in 2014 worth of goods and services to affiliated
companies. CP&P purchased approximately $489,000 in 2016, $668,000 (unaudited) in 2015, and $3,438,000 in 2014 worth of goods and
services from affiliated companies.
On August 3, 2012, CP&P entered into a Management Services Agreement with Eagle Corporation, parent of Americast (“Eagle”). For a
monthly fee, Eagle is providing general and administrative services including information technology, payroll processing, 401(k) profit sharing
plan management, and insurance coverage allocations. The agreement is subject to a Consumer Price Index (CPI) adjustment beginning in
2015. The Management Fee expense for 2016 was $513,220, $500,000 (unaudited) in 2015, and $500,000 in 2014. The agreement will
automatically renew annually until terminated as described in the agreement.
10.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
The Company is involved in legal proceedings and litigation in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the outcome of
such matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. The Company has
received a claim related to performance under a certain contract. As of December 31, 2016, no settlement has been reached, but the Company
has recorded a reserve related to this matter of approximately $350,000. Other than routine litigation incidental to the Company’s business,
there are no other material legal proceedings to which the Company is a party or to which any of the Company’s properties are subject.
Self-Insurance
CP&P participates in self-funding programs for workers’ compensation and liability insurance. The plans are administered by insurance
companies who determine current funding requirements. CP&P has individual and aggregate stop-loss arrangements with the insurance
companies to cover substantial claims. CP&P has approximately $78,000 at December 31, 2016 and $228,000 (unaudited) at December 31,
2015 as an estimated self-insurance liability.
Operating Leases
CP&P is obligated under various non-cancellable operating leases for property, equipment, vehicles, and computers, which have varying terms.
Lease expense under these agreements approximated $941,000 in 2016, $872,000 (unaudited) in 2015, $801,000 in 2014.
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CONCRETE PIPE & PRECAST, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015 AND FOR THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016
Approximate minimum future operating lease rental payments required for the five-year period subsequent to December 31, 2016, are as
follows:
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Total
$ 630,000
398,000
154,000
62,000
17,000
$1,261,000
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