6
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM
TO
Commission File Number 000-27517
Gaia
GAIA, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)
Colorado
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
84-1113527
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
833 WEST SOUTH BOULDER ROAD
LOUISVILLE, CO 80027
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(303) 222-3600
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class
Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value
Trading Symbol(s)
GAIA
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
NASDAQ Global Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES ☐ NO ☒
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. YES ☐ NO ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES ☒ NO ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months
(or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). YES ☒ NO ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,”
“accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
Emerging growth company
☐
☒
☐
Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
☐
☒
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section
13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
(15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial
statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery
period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b) . ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ☐ NO ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based on the closing price of the shares of Class A common stock on The NASDAQ Stock Market on June 30,
2022, was $58,050,000. The registrant does not have non-voting common equity.
The number of shares of each of the Registrant’s classes of common stock outstanding as of February 21, 2023 was 15,425,974 shares of Class A common stock and 5,400,000 shares of Class B common stock.
Part III incorporates by reference certain portions of the definitive proxy statement for the registrant’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation
14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
GAIA, INC.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2022
INDEX
PART I
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Item 9C.
PART III
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
Business
Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Reserved
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
PART IV
Item 15.
Item 16.
SIGNATURES
Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules
Form 10-K Summary
Page
Number
1
1
6
16
16
17
17
17
17
18
19
25
26
48
48
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
50
50
51
52
PART I
Item 1. Business
Our Business
Gaia, Inc. (“Gaia,” “we” or “us”) operates a global digital video subscription service and on-line community that caters to a unique and underserved member base. Our digital
content library includes over 10,000 titles, with a growing selection of titles available in Spanish, German and French. Our members have unlimited access to this vast library of
inspiring films, cutting edge documentaries, interviews, yoga classes, transformation-related content and more – 88% of which is exclusively available to our members for
digital streaming on most internet-connected devices anytime, anywhere, commercial free.
Our mission is to create a transformational network that empowers a global conscious community. Content on our network is currently organized into four primary channels—
Yoga, Transformation, Alternative Healing, and Seeking Truth— and delivered directly to our members through our streaming platform. We curate programming for these
channels by producing content in our in-house production studios with a staff of media professionals. This produced and owned content currently comprises approximately 75%
of our members' viewing time. We complement our produced and owned content through long term licensing agreements.
Our Content Channels
From the beginning, we have focused on establishing exclusive rights to unique content through in-house productions, licensing and strategic content acquisitions. Today, our
network includes the following channels:
Yoga – Through our Yoga channel, our members enjoy unlimited access to streaming yoga, Eastern arts, and other movement-based classes. Currently, we are one of
the world’s largest providers of streaming yoga classes. Blending ancient philosophy with anytime, anywhere access through modern technology, our classes on
Eastern arts like T’ai Chi, Qigong, Ayurveda and more encourage the holistic integration of body, mind and spirit.
Transformation – Through our Transformation channel, we feature a wealth of content in the niche areas of spiritual growth, personal development and expanded
consciousness. Our original and licensed content empowers members to live stronger, healthier, more productive and enlightened lives.
Alternative Healing – Our Alternative Healing channel features content focused on food and nutrition, holistic healing, alternative and integrative medicines, and
longevity. Blending modern science with cutting edge research around neuroplasticity, energy healing, aging, and wellness, this channel fuels our members’ pursuit of
optimal health.
Seeking Truth – As an alternative to mainstream media, our Seeking Truth channel provides new and enlightening perspectives for today’s changing world. Through
thought-provoking questions like “who are we”, and topics that include ancient wisdom and metaphysics, we go beyond the boundaries of mainstream media, and
encourage our viewers to find empowerment through knowledge and awareness. Through this channel, our members have access to top names in the genre who
conduct exclusive interviews and presentations not found anywhere else.
The Streaming Video Market and Gaia
Consumption of streaming video is expanding rapidly as more and more people augment their use of, or replace broadcast television with, streaming video to watch their
favorite content on a growing array of digital streaming services. The streaming video market includes various free, ad-supported and subscription service offerings focused on
various genres, including films, broadcast and original series, fitness and educational content.
Gaia’s position in the streaming video landscape is firmly supported by its wide variety of exclusive and unique content, which provides a complementary offering to other,
mostly entertainment-based, streaming video services. Our original content is developed and produced in-house in our production studios near Boulder, Colorado. Over 88% of
our content is available for streaming exclusively on Gaia to most internet-connected devices. By offering
1
exclusive and unique content over a streaming service, we believe we will be able to significantly expand our target member base. Gaia believes the current size of our potential
target market represents approximately 15% of internet users that currently pay for a subscription streaming video service.
Competitive Strengths
We believe that we differentiate ourselves from our competition and have been able to grow our business through the following demonstrated competitive strengths:
Exclusive Content and Ubiquitous Access – We have amassed a library of unique content for which we hold exclusive worldwide streaming distribution rights and
have established exclusive relationships with certain key talent in our areas of focus. Over 88% of our titles are available to our members for streaming on most
internet-connected devices exclusively on Gaia.
Proprietary and Curated Content – Proprietary and curated content lies at the core of our business model. Our media offerings introduce members to us and help
establish Gaia as an authority in the conscious media market. Our in-house produced and owned content comprises approximately 75% of our members’ viewing time.
Our licensed content has initial terms ranging predominately from 3 to 10 years. With the growth in demand for digital rights, we expect that our large library of
produced and acquired content combined with our internal production capabilities will be a key driver in our ability to grow efficiently and act as a hedge against the
rising costs of digital rights.
International Rights – The strength of our proprietary content library created by our original content production strategy and our unique approach to content
licensing have provided us with a library of niche content to which we hold exclusive worldwide distribution rights that we believe would be difficult to acquire in
today’s market. By obtaining these rights, we have created a meaningful barrier to entry for competitors in our content niches and have given ourselves the potential to
reach a worldwide member base with no additional licensing costs. Over 98% of our titles are available worldwide.
Unique Member Base – We believe that our unique and exclusive content allows us to cater to a member base that traditional media companies have mostly ignored.
We believe this member base can be significantly expanded as more and more people enter our niche categories and begin accessing streaming content over the
internet.
Unique Content Strength – We believe that our unique focus, combined with our content exclusivity, positions us as a complementary service to larger streaming
video providers who are primarily entertainment driven. In addition, this focus has allowed an opportunity for significant advantages:
•Yoga— We continue to build on our yoga heritage by expanding the teachers and styles in our vast content library. We understand yoga is more than just a physical
practice and have a variety of content focused on the lifestyle and philosophy of yoga, which helps set us apart from other yoga streaming providers.
•Transformation— We bring a unique focus to an otherwise crowded field. This channel empowers members through programs about meditation to expand
consciousness, develop and understand spirituality in a modern world, and includes other shows on conscious topics that puts Gaia in the center of a rapidly growing
market.
•Alternative Healing— We offer depth and breadth of content on emerging topics including neuroplasticity, alternative and integrative medicines, holistic healing and
longevity. Included in this channel are hundreds of recipes to help our members put their new knowledge into practice in the kitchen.
•Seeking Truth— We offer category-leading talent that enables us to draw the most popular and authentic speakers, authors and experts in the alternative media world.
2
Growth Drivers
Our core strategy is to grow our subscription business domestically and internationally using the following drivers:
Investment in Streaming Content – We believe that our investment in streaming content leads to more awareness and viewership of our unique content. This leads to
member acquisition and revenue growth, allowing us to invest more into our content library and enabling the growth cycle to continue. By investing in our in-house
studios, digital asset management system and digital delivery platforms, we can produce and distribute new digital content at low incremental costs. With our end-to-
end production capabilities and unique, exclusive relationships with thought leaders in our areas of focus, we believe we can develop content much more efficiently
than our competitors.
Continuous Service Improvements – We have found that incremental improvements in our service and quality enhance our member satisfaction and retention. We
have built our platform to optimize the speed and performance of streaming video playback, provide a unique and customized site experience for every member and
provide the foundation for our expansion into foreign languages. We continue to refine our technology, user interfaces, recommendation algorithms and delivery
infrastructure to improve the member experience as the underlying technology continues to evolve.
Overall Adoption and Growth of Internet TV on Every Screen – Domestically, cable TV members have been declining, while the demand for digital content services
accessible on various devices has continued to grow. Gaia is accessible on a broad array of devices, including, but not limited to: Apple TV, iPad, iPhone, Android
devices, Roku, Amazon Fire, select smart TVs, and Chromecast. Through this accessibility, we believe that we enhance the value of our service to members as well as
position ourselves for continued growth as internet and mobile delivery of content continues to become the preferred method for more consumers globally.
International Market Expansion – We believe the international streaming segment represents a significant long-term growth opportunity as people around the world
begin to adopt the viewing behaviors of the U.S. market. Our exclusive worldwide streaming rights have allowed us to expand internationally by adding foreign
language support to our service without having to invest in local foreign operations. Today, approximately 47% of our members are outside of the United States.
Events+ Premium Membership and GaiaSphere – In 2019, we held our inaugural event at the GaiaSphere, a 300-person live event studio located on our campus in
Colorado. With the opening of the GaiaSphere, we also launched the Events+ premium annual membership to allow for digital access to these exclusive events via live
streaming and on demand. Through GaiaSphere and the Events+ premium offering, we have expanded our reach to a larger audience of talent that will contribute to
our content library, as well as drive incremental revenue growth. Our Events+ offering consists of on-demand access to past events and the ability to participate via
live streaming while events are happening.
3
Member Driven Growth Enablement – We believe the empowerment of our existing members to drive awareness of and interest in Gaia will be a key driver of future
growth and engagement of the Gaia global community. To support this awareness, we allow existing members the ability to share Gaia content with their connections
free of charge over a limited time window. This product feature allows us to leverage our existing members’ desire to share our content to ultimately drive more
interest and awareness, which will lead to member growth that is not wholly dependent on marketing expenditures. In November 2022, we launched the ability for
existing members to give the gift of Gaia allowing us to further expand our member base through existing members.
Complement our Existing Business with Selective Strategic Acquisitions – Our growth strategy is not dependent on acquisitions. However, we will consider strategic
acquisitions that complement our existing business, increase our content library, expand our geographical reach and add to our member base. We will focus on
companies with unique media content, a strong brand identity and members that augment our existing member base.
Marketing
We build awareness and demand for the Gaia brand through various channels focusing on mobile and video. Organic search, paid search, digital and social media, email
marketing, ambassador marketing, as well as various strategic partnerships make up our continually optimized portfolio of member acquisition and retention tools. Rejoining
members are an important source of member additions, many of which come back to Gaia after receiving special communications via email or seeing our digital advertising for
new content.
History
Incorporated under the laws of the State of Colorado on July 7, 1988, Gaia started as a conscious media and products company distributing conscious and non-theatrical media.
In October 2012, we launched our streaming video service and focused our efforts on growing domestically and internationally by expanding our streaming content, enhancing
our user interface and extending our streaming content to even more internet-connected devices. In 2016, we divested all of our non-streaming businesses and focused on
scaling our streaming video service. Since then we have launched Spanish, German and French language offerings. We have continued to invest in our international offerings,
including original programming in these languages.
In 2019, we further expanded the alternative healing content available to our members and expanded our presence and member base in this growing area of interest through our
acquisition of Food Matters TV.
In December 2021, through our acquisition of Yoga International, we expanded our ability to serve yoga focused consumers with a stand-alone yoga offering and the addition
of unique content focused on the lifestyle and philosophy of yoga.
These investments in our subscription business have been instrumental in our ability to grow by expanding our streaming video on demand capabilities and increasing our
library of unique content of transformational media, intended to awaken and inspire viewers around the world.
4
Business Segments
We operate in a single reporting segment. Our revenues are primarily derived from subscription fees for services related to streaming content to our members. See Note 2,
Significant Accounting Policies – Segment Information, and Note 15, Segment Information and Geographic Information, in the accompanying notes to our consolidated
financial statements for further detail.
Regulatory Matters
The media landscape and the internet delivery of content have seen growing regulatory action. Historically, media has been highly regulated in many countries. We are seeing
some of these legacy regulatory frameworks be updated and expanded to address services like ours. In particular, we are seeing some countries update their cultural support
legislation to include services like Gaia. This includes content quotas, levies and investment obligations. In certain countries, regulators are also looking at restrictions that
could require formal reviews of and/or adjustments to content that appears on our service in their country. In general these regulations impact all services and may make
operating in certain jurisdictions more expensive or restrictive as to the content offering we may provide.
Competition
While our content offering is unique, the market for subscription-based content delivered over the internet is intensely competitive and subject to rapid change. Many
consumers maintain simultaneous relationships with multiple providers and can easily shift spending from one provider to another. We are a focused provider within the
streaming video market that is able to compete by providing exclusive content available on almost any device. Our principal competitors vary by world geographic region and
include multichannel video programming distributors and internet-based movie and TV content providers, including those that provide legal and illegal (pirated) streaming
video content. We believe that due to the exclusivity of our content, we are positioning ourselves as a complementary service to large general content providers such as
television broadcasters, cable television channels, and an array of other entertainment based streaming services, including those that have recently launched.
Seasonality
Our member base reflects seasonal variations driven primarily by periods when consumers typically spend more time indoors and, as a result, tend to increase their viewing,
similar to those of traditional TV and cable networks. The effects of the global pandemic have shifted our historical pattern over the past three years, but we have historically
experienced the greatest member growth in the fourth and first quarters (October through February), and slowest during May through August. This has historically driven
quarterly variations in our spending on member acquisition efforts and the number of net new subscribers we add each quarter but does not result in a corresponding seasonality
in net revenue. As the world emerges from the effects of the pandemic, we expect these seasonal trends to return. As we continue to expand internationally, we also expect
regional seasonality trends to demonstrate more predictable seasonal patterns as our service offering in each market becomes more established and we have a longer history to
assess such patterns.
Human Capital
We view our employees and our culture as keys to our success. As of February 28, 2023, Gaia had approximately 111 full time employees, all of which are located in the
United States. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We supplement our full-time employees, with services provided by staffing
organizations in other countries to support our customer service, content production and software engineering needs. We believe a critical component of our success is our
company culture, which begins with focusing our hiring on our current member base. The majority of our current employees came to work at Gaia after discovering our content
offering and being passionate members that have been called to join our team to help expand the impact of our mission globally.
Intellectual Property and Other Proprietary Rights
We regard our trademarks, service marks, copyrights, domain names, trade secrets, proprietary technologies and similar intellectual property as important to our success. We use
a combination of trademark, copyright and trade secret laws and confidentiality agreements to protect our proprietary intellectual property. Our ability to protect and enforce our
intellectual property rights is subject to certain risks, and from time to time we encounter disputes over
5
rights and obligations concerning intellectual property. We cannot provide assurance that we will prevail in any intellectual property disputes.
Website and Available Information
Our corporate website www.gaia.com provides information about us, our history, goals and philosophy, as well as certain financial reports and corporate press releases. Our
www.gaia.com website also features a library of information and articles on personal development and healthy lifestyles, along with an extensive offering of video content. We
believe our website provides us with an opportunity to deepen our relationships with our members and investors, educate them on a variety of issues, and improve our service.
As part of this commitment, we have a link on our corporate website to our Securities and Exchange Commission filings, including our reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K
and amendments thereto. We make those reports available through our website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after these reports are filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission.
We have included our website address only as inactive textual reference, and the information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We caution that there are risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to be materially different from those indicated by forward looking statements that we make
from time to time in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, news releases, reports, communications to shareholders and other written and oral communications.
These risks and uncertainties include those risks described below of which we are presently aware. Historical results are not necessarily an indication of future results. The risk
factors below discuss important factors that could cause our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows to be materially adversely affected.
Risks Related to our Business and Industry
If our efforts to attract and retain members are not successful, our business will be adversely affected.
We have experienced significant member growth since we began our digital subscription business in 2013. Our ability to continue to attract members will depend in part on our
ability to consistently provide our members with a valuable and quality streaming experience. Furthermore, the relative service levels, content offerings, pricing and related
features of our competitors may adversely impact our ability to attract and retain members. We compete for screen viewing time with multichannel video programming
distributors providing free-on-demand content through authenticated internet applications, internet-based movie and TV content providers, including both those that provide
legal and illegal (or pirated) streaming video content, and streaming video retail stores, video game providers, as well as user-generated content and, more broadly, other sources
of entertainment among others. If consumers do not perceive our service offering to be of value, or if we introduce new or adjust existing features or change the mix of content
in a manner that is not favorably received by them, we may not be able to attract and retain members. Adverse macroeconomic conditions, including inflation, may also
adversely impact our ability to attract and retain members.
In addition, many of our members originate from word-of-mouth advertising from existing members. If our efforts to satisfy our existing members are not successful, we may
not be able to attract new members, and as a result, our ability to maintain and/or grow our business will be adversely affected. Members cancel our service for many reasons,
including a perception that they do not use the service sufficiently, the need to cut household expenses, unsatisfactory availability of content, competitive services providing a
better value or experience and customer service issues not satisfactorily resolved. We must continually add new members both to replace members who cancel and to grow our
business beyond our current member base. If too many of our members cancel our service, or if we are unable to attract new members in numbers sufficient to sustain and grow
our business, our operating results will be adversely affected. If we are unable to successfully compete with current and new competitors in both retaining our existing members
and attracting new members, our business will be adversely affected. Further, if excessive numbers of members cancel our service, we may be required to incur significantly
higher marketing expenditures than we currently anticipate in order to replace these members with new members.
6
If we are unable to compete effectively, our business will be adversely affected.
The market for streaming content is intensely competitive and subject to rapid change. New technologies and evolving business models for delivery of streaming content
continue to develop at a fast pace. Through new and existing distribution channels, consumers are afforded various means for consuming streaming content. The various
economic models underlying these differing means of streaming content delivery include subscription, transactional, ad-supported and piracy-based models. All of these have
the potential to capture meaningful segments of the streaming content market. Several competitors have longer operating histories, larger customer bases, and stronger brand
recognition than we do and have significant financial, marketing and other resources. They may secure better terms from suppliers, adopt more aggressive pricing and devote
more resources to technology and marketing. New entrants may enter the market with unique service offerings or approaches to providing streaming content and other
companies also may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitive positions. If we are unable to successfully compete with current and new
competitors, programs and technologies, our business will be adversely affected, and we may not be able to increase market share and revenues, and achieve profitability.
We have had operating losses, and we cannot assure future profitability.
We reported net loss of $3.1 million in 2022 compared to net income of $3.7 million in 2021. Additionally, we reported net losses during several prior years as a result of
continued investment in member acquisition efforts to drive revenue growth. No assurance can be made that we will operate profitably in future periods and, if we do not, we
may not be able to meet any future debt service requirements, working capital requirements, capital expenditure plans, production slate, acquisition plans or other cash needs.
Our inability to meet those needs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.
If we are not able to manage change and growth, our business could be adversely affected.
We are expanding our operations internationally, scaling our streaming service to effectively and reliably handle anticipated growth in both members and features related to our
service. As we expand internationally, we are managing our business to address varied content offerings, consumer customs and practices, in particular those dealing with e-
commerce and internet video, as well as differing legal and regulatory environments. As we scale our streaming service, we are developing technology and utilizing third-party
internet-based or “cloud” computing services. If we are not able to manage the growing complexity of our business, including improving, refining or revising our systems and
operational practices related to our streaming operations, our business could be adversely affected.
If our efforts to build unique brand identity and improve member satisfaction and loyalty are not successful, we may not be able to attract or retain members, and our
operating results may be adversely affected.
We must continue to build and maintain a unique brand identity. We believe that a unique brand identity will be important in attracting and retaining members who have a
number of choices from which to obtain streaming content. To build a unique brand identity, we believe we must continue to offer content and service features that our
members value and enjoy. We also believe that these must be coupled with effective consumer communications, such as marketing, customer service and public relations. If our
efforts to promote and maintain our brand identity are not successful, our ability to attract and retain members may be adversely affected. Such a result may adversely affect our
operating results.
With respect to our expansion into international markets, we will also need to establish our brand identity in new markets and languages, and to the extent we are not successful,
our business in new markets may be adversely impacted.
Changes in our member acquisition sources could adversely affect our marketing expenses and member levels may be adversely affected.
We utilize a broad mix of marketing and public relations programs, including social media websites such as Facebook and YouTube, to promote our service to potential new
members. We may limit or discontinue use or
7
support of certain marketing sources or activities if advertising rates increase or if we become concerned that members or potential members deem certain marketing practices
intrusive or damaging to our brand. If available marketing channels are limited or curtailed, our ability to attract new members may be adversely affected.
Companies that currently promote our services may cease promoting our services, may determine to compete more directly with our business or enter a similar business, or may
decide to exclusively support our competitors. If we no longer have access to such marketing channels, our marketing efforts may be adversely affected. If we are unable to
maintain or replace our sources of members with similarly effective sources, or if the cost of our existing sources increases, our member levels and marketing expenses may be
adversely affected.
We face risks, such as unforeseen costs and potential liabilities in connection with content we produce, license and/or distribute through our service.
As a producer and distributor of content, we face potential liability for defamation, negligence, copyright or trademark infringement, misinformation, personal injury torts or
other claims based on the nature and content of materials that we produce, license and/or distribute. We also face potential liability for content used in promoting our service,
including marketing materials and features on our platform such as member reviews. Allegations of impropriety, even if unfounded, could have a material adverse effect on our
reputation and our business.
We are responsible for production costs and other expenses related to our original content. We also take on risks associated with this production, such as completion and key
talent risk. To the extent we do not accurately anticipate costs or mitigate risks, or if we become liable for content we produce, license and/or distribute, our business may suffer.
Litigation to defend these claims could be costly and the expenses and damages arising from any liability or unforeseen production risks could harm our results of operations.
We may not be indemnified to cover claims or costs of these types and we may not have insurance coverage for these types of claims.
Problematic content accessed through our service, including content that violates our content guidelines or the content guidelines of our partners, could damage our
reputation and hurt our ability to retain and expand our base of members and partners.
Our ability to maintain and protect our brand depends, in part, on our ability to maintain the quality and integrity of the content and other information accessed through our
streaming service. While we undertake efforts to detect and prevent problematic content and to ensure our content complies with our content guidelines and the content
guidelines of our third-party partners, no assurance can be given that such efforts will be error-free.
If we fail to either detect and prevent problematic content or effectively promote high-quality content, it could hurt our reputation and confidence in our brand, thereby
negatively affecting the use of our service and our financial performance. In addition, our partners may refuse to carry the Gaia “app” on their platform if our content violates
their content guidelines. Problematic content accessed through our service may also subject us to media, legal or regulatory scrutiny, which could adversely affect our
reputation and brand.
If we fail to maintain a positive reputation concerning our service and the content we offer, we may not be able to attract or retain members, we may face regulatory
scrutiny and our operating results may be adversely affected.
We believe that a positive reputation concerning our service is important in attracting and retaining members. To the extent our content, in particular, our original programming,
is perceived as low quality, offensive or otherwise not compelling to consumers, our ability to establish and maintain a positive reputation may be adversely impacted. To the
extent our content is deemed controversial or offensive by government regulators, we may face direct or indirect retaliatory action or behavior, including being required to
remove such content from our service, our entire service could be banned and/or become subject to heightened regulatory scrutiny across our business and operations. We could
also face boycotts which could adversely affect our business. Furthermore, to the extent our response to government action or our marketing, customer service and public
relations efforts are not effective or result in negative reaction, our ability to establish and maintain a positive reputation may likewise be adversely impacted. There is an
increasing focus from regulators, investors, members and other stakeholders on environmental, social
8
and governance (“ESG”) matters, both in the United States and internationally. To the extent the content we distribute and the manner in which we produce content creates ESG
related concerns, our reputation may be harmed.
Increases in payment processing fees, changes to operating rules, the acceptance of new types of payment methods or payment fraud could increase our operating
expenses and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our members pay for our services predominately using credit and debit cards. Our acceptance of these payment methods requires our payment of certain fees. From time to
time, these fees may increase, either as a result of rate changes by the payment processing companies or as a result of a change in our business practices which increase the fees
on a cost-per-transaction basis. Such increases may adversely affect our results of operations.
We are subject to rules, regulations and practices governing our accepted payment methods. These rules, regulations and practices could change or be reinterpreted to make it
difficult or impossible for us to comply. If we fail to comply with these rules or requirements, we may be subject to fines and higher transaction fees and lose our ability to
accept these payment methods, and our business and results of operations would be adversely affected.
We accept payment methods other than credit and debit cards. As our service continues to evolve and expand internationally, we will likely continue to explore accepting
various forms of payment, which may have higher fees and costs than our currently accepted payment methods. If more consumers utilize higher cost payment methods our
payment costs could increase and our results of operations could be adversely impacted.
In addition, we do not obtain signatures from members in connection with their use of payment methods. To the extent we do not obtain members’ signatures, we may be liable
for fraudulent payment transactions, even when the associated financial institution approves payment of the orders. From time to time, fraudulent payment methods are used to
obtain service. While we do have safeguards in place, we nonetheless experience some fraudulent transactions. We do not currently carry insurance against the risk of
fraudulent payment transactions. A failure to adequately control fraudulent payment transactions would harm our business and results of operations.
We rely upon a number of partners to offer instant streaming of content to various devices.
We currently offer members the ability to receive streaming content through a host of internet-connected devices, including internet-enabled TVs, digital video players and
mobile devices. We intend to continue to broaden our capability to instantly stream content to other platforms over time. If we are not successful in maintaining existing
relationships and creating new ones, or if we encounter technological, content licensing or other impediments to our streaming content, our ability to grow our business could be
adversely impacted.
We have agreements with third party partners, pursuant to which each makes available an “app” for viewing our content on its platform. Our agreements with our partners are
typically between one and three years in duration and our business could be adversely affected if, upon expiration, our partners do not continue to provide access to our service
or are unwilling to do so on terms acceptable to us, which terms may include the degree of accessibility and prominence of our service. We may be further harmed if these
partners decide to remove our apps from their respective platforms for any other reason at any time.
Furthermore, the devices consumers use to access our content are manufactured and sold by entities other than Gaia and the devices’ performance and the connection between
these devices and our service may result in consumer dissatisfaction that could result in claims against us or otherwise adversely impact our business. In addition, technology
changes to our streaming functionality may require that partners update their devices. If partners do not update or otherwise modify their devices, our service and our members’
use and enjoyment could be negatively impacted.
We may face quarterly and seasonal fluctuations that could harm our business.
Our revenues and results of operations have fluctuated in the past, and will likely continue to fluctuate, on a quarterly basis. Such fluctuation is the result of a seasonal pattern
that reflects variations when consumers are
9
typically spending more time indoors and, as a result, tend to increase their viewing, similar to those of general video streaming services. The effects of the global pandemic
have shifted our historical pattern over the past three years, but we have historically experienced the greatest member growth in the fourth and first quarters (October through
February), and slowest during May through August. This has historically driven quarterly variations in our spending on member acquisition efforts and the number of net new
subscribers we add each quarter but does not result in a corresponding seasonality in net revenue. As the world emerges from the effects of the pandemic, we expect these
seasonal trends to return. As we continue to expand internationally, we also expect regional seasonality trends to demonstrate more predictable seasonal patterns as our service
offering in each market becomes more established and we have a longer history to assess such patterns.
Acquisitions and new initiatives may harm our financial results.
We have historically expanded our operations in part through strategic acquisitions and through new initiatives that we generate. We cannot accurately predict the timing, size
and success of these efforts. Our acquisition and new initiative strategies involve significant risks that could inhibit our growth and negatively impact our operating results,
including the following: our ability to identify suitable acquisition candidates or new initiatives at acceptable prices; our ability to complete the acquisitions of candidates that
we identify or develop our new initiatives; our ability to compete effectively for available acquisition opportunities; increases in asking prices by acquisition candidates to levels
beyond our financial capability or to levels that would not result in the returns required by our acquisition criteria; diversion of management’s attention to expansion efforts;
unanticipated costs and contingent liabilities associated with acquisitions and new initiatives; failure of acquired businesses or new initiatives to achieve expected results; our
failure to retain key customers or personnel of acquired businesses and difficulties entering markets in which we have no or limited experience. In addition, the size, timing and
success of any future acquisitions and new initiatives may cause substantial fluctuations in our operating results from quarter to quarter. Consequently, our operating results for
any quarter may not be indicative of the results that may be achieved for any subsequent quarter or for a full fiscal year. These fluctuations could adversely affect our results.
The coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic, or other outbreaks of disease or similar public health threats, including responses to such outbreaks, could materially and
adversely impact our business and results of operations.
The outbreak of COVID-19, and any other outbreaks of contagious diseases or other adverse public health developments in the United States or worldwide, could have a
material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the various responses to it have created significant volatility,
uncertainty and economic disruption. The full extent to which the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the various responses to it impacts our business, operations and financial
results will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict, including: the duration and scope of the pandemic; governmental, business and
individuals’ actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic; the effect on our members and consumer demand for and ability to pay for our
services; and disruptions or restrictions on our employees’ ability to work and travel.
We will continue to actively monitor the issues raised by the COVID-19 pandemic and may take further actions that alter our business operations, as may be required by
federal, state, local or foreign authorities, or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, members, partners and stockholders. It is not clear what the potential
effects any such alterations or modifications may have on our business, including the effects on our members, suppliers or vendors, or on our financial results.
In addition to the potential direct impacts to our business, the global economy may continue to be impacted as a result of the actions taken in response to COVID-19. To the
extent that such a weakened global economy impacts consumers’ ability or willingness to pay for our service or vendors’ ability to provide services to us, especially those
related to our content productions, we could see our business and results of operations negatively impacted.
Risks Related to Information Technology and Privacy
We could be harmed by data loss or other security breaches.
As a result of our services being internet-based and the fact that we process, store, and transmit data, including personal information, for our members, failure to prevent or
mitigate data loss or other security breaches, including
10
breaches of our suppliers’ technology and systems, could expose us or our members to a risk of loss or misuse of such information, adversely affect our operating results, result
in litigation or potential liability for us, and otherwise harm our business. We use third-party technology and systems for a variety of reasons, including, without limitation,
encryption and authentication technology, employee email, content delivery to members, back-office support, and other functions. Although we have implemented systems and
processes that are designed to protect member information and prevent data loss and other security breaches, including systems and processes designed to reduce the impact of a
security breach at a third-party supplier, such measures cannot provide absolute security.
Any significant disruption in our network or information systems or those of third parties that we utilize in our operations could result in a loss or degradation of
service and could adversely impact our business.
Our reputation and ability to attract, retain and serve our members is dependent upon the reliable performance of our network and information systems and those of third parties
that we utilize in our operations. We experience occasional system interruptions and delays that make our websites and services unavailable or slow to respond and prevent us
from efficiently providing services to our members, which may reduce the attractiveness of our services. If we are unable to effectively upgrade our systems and network
infrastructure, and take other steps to improve the efficiency of our systems, we could face system interruptions or delays that may adversely affect our operating results.
Our systems may be subject to damage or interruption from adverse weather conditions, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, power loss, telecommunications failures, computer
viruses, computer denial of service attacks, or other attempts to harm these systems. Interruptions in these systems, or to the internet in general, could make our service
unavailable or degraded or otherwise hinder our ability to deliver content to our members. Service interruptions, errors in our software or the unavailability of network or
information systems used in our operations could diminish the overall attractiveness of our membership service to existing and potential members.
We utilize third-party internet-based or “cloud” computing services in our business operations. We also utilize third-party content delivery networks to help us stream content
in high volume to our members over the internet. Problems with these systems faced by us or our service providers, including technological or business-related disruptions,
could adversely impact the experience of our members.
Any significant disruption in or unauthorized access to our network or information systems or those of third parties that we utilize in our operations arising from
cyber-attacks could result in a loss or degradation of service, unauthorized disclosure of data (including member and corporate information), or theft of intellectual
property, including digital content assets, which could adversely impact our business.
Our network and information systems and those of third parties we use in our operations are vulnerable to cybersecurity threats, including cyber-attacks such as computer
viruses, denial of service attacks, physical or electronic break-ins and similar disruptions. These systems may experience directed attacks intended to lead to interruptions and
delays in our service and operations as well as loss, misuse or theft of data or confidential information. Additionally, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce
employees or users to disclose sensitive or confidential information in order to gain access to data. Any successful attempt by hackers to obtain our data (including members
and corporate information) or intellectual property (including digital content assets), disrupt our service, or otherwise access our systems (or those of third parties we use), could
harm our business, be expensive to remedy and damage our reputation. We have implemented certain systems and processes to thwart hackers and protect our data and systems,
but techniques used to gain unauthorized access to data and software are constantly evolving, and we may be unable to anticipate or prevent unauthorized access. To date
hackers have not had a material impact on our service or systems, although a risk remains that hackers may be successful in the future. Our insurance does not cover expenses
related to such disruptions or unauthorized access. Efforts to prevent hackers from disrupting our service or otherwise accessing our systems are expensive to develop,
implement and maintain. These efforts require ongoing monitoring and updating as technologies change and efforts to overcome security measures become more sophisticated
and may limit the functionality of or otherwise negatively impact our service offering and systems. Any significant disruption to our service or access to our systems could
result in a loss of members and adversely affect our business and results of operations. Further, a penetration of our systems or a third party’s systems or other misappropriation
or misuse of personal information could subject us to business,
11
regulatory, litigation and reputation risk, which could have a negative effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our reputation and relationships with members would be harmed if our member data, particularly payment data, were to be accessed by unauthorized persons.
We maintain personal data regarding our members, including names and payment data. This data is maintained on our own systems as well as that of third parties we use in our
operations. With respect to payment data, such as credit and debit card numbers, we rely on licensed encryption and authentication technology to secure such information. We
take measures to protect against unauthorized intrusion into our members’ data. Despite these measures, our payment processing services or other third-party services we use,
could experience an unauthorized intrusion into our members’ data. In the event of such a breach, current and potential members may become unwilling to provide the
information to us necessary for them to remain or become members. We may also be required to notify regulators about any actual or perceived data breach (including the EU
Lead Data Protection Authority) as well as the individuals who are affected by the incident within strict time periods. Additionally, we could face legal claims or regulatory
fines or penalties for such a breach. The costs relating to any data breach could be material, and we currently do not carry insurance against the risk of a data breach. For these
reasons, should an unauthorized intrusion into our members’ data occur, our business could be adversely affected.
We rely on proprietary technology to stream content and to manage other aspects of our operations, and the failure of this technology to operate effectively could
adversely affect our business.
We continually enhance or modify the technology used for our operations. We cannot be sure that any enhancements or other modifications we make to our operations will
achieve the intended results or otherwise be of value to our members. Future enhancements and modifications to our technology could consume considerable resources. If we
are unable to maintain and enhance our technology to manage the streaming of content to our members in a timely and efficient manner, or if our technology, or that of third
parties we utilize in our operations, fails or otherwise operates improperly, our ability to retain existing members and to add new members may be impaired. Also, any harm to
our members’ personal computers or other devices caused by software used in our operations could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
Changes in how network operators handle and charge for access to data that travel across their networks could adversely impact our business.
We rely upon the ability of consumers to access our service through the internet. To the extent that network operators implement usage-based pricing, including meaningful
bandwidth caps, or otherwise try to monetize access to their networks by data providers, we could incur greater operating expenses and our member acquisition and retention
could be negatively impacted. Furthermore, to the extent network operators were to create tiers of internet access service and either charge us for, or prohibit us from, being
available through these tiers, our business could be negatively impacted.
Our online activities are subject to a variety of laws and regulations relating to privacy which, if violated, could subject us to an increased risk of litigation and
regulatory actions.
In addition to our websites and applications, we use third-party applications, websites, and social media platforms to promote our service and engage consumers, as well as
monitor and collect certain information about users of our service. There are a variety of laws and regulations governing individual privacy and the protection and use of
information collected from such individuals, particularly in relation to an individual’s personally identifiable information (e.g., credit card numbers). Many foreign countries
have adopted similar laws governing individual privacy, some of which are more restrictive than similar U.S. laws. If our online activities were to violate any applicable current
or future laws and regulations, we could be subject to litigation and regulatory actions, including fines and other penalties.
12
Risks Related to Intellectual Property
If our trademarks and other proprietary rights are not adequately protected to prevent unauthorized use or appropriation, the value of our brand and other
intangible assets may be diminished, and our business may be adversely affected.
We rely and expect to continue to rely on a combination of confidentiality and license agreements with our employees, consultants and third parties with whom we have
relationships, as well as trademark, copyright and trade secret protection laws, to protect our proprietary rights. We may also seek to enforce our proprietary rights through court
proceedings. We may file trademark applications from time to time. These applications may not be approved, third parties may challenge any trademarks issued to or held by
us, third parties may knowingly or unknowingly infringe our trademarks and other proprietary rights, and we may not be able to prevent infringement or misappropriation
without substantial expense to us.
We currently hold various domain names, including www.gaia.com and www.gaiamtv.com. Failure to protect our domain names could adversely affect our reputation and make
it more difficult for users to find our website and our service. We may be unable, without significant cost or at all, to prevent third parties from acquiring domain names that are
similar to, infringe upon or otherwise decrease the value of our trademarks and other proprietary rights.
Intellectual property claims against us could be costly and result in the loss of significant rights related to, among other things, our website, title selection processes,
content and marketing activities.
Our intellectual property rights extend to our technology, business processes and the content on our website. We use the intellectual property of third parties in marketing and
providing our services through contractual and other rights. From time to time, third parties may allege that we have violated their intellectual property rights. If we are unable
to obtain sufficient rights, successfully defend our use, or develop non-infringing technology and content or otherwise alter our business practices on a timely basis in response
to claims of infringement, misappropriation, misuse or other violation of third-party intellectual property rights, our business and competitive position may be adversely
affected.
Many companies devote significant resources to developing patents that could potentially affect many aspects of our business. There are numerous patents that broadly claim
means and methods of conducting business on the internet. We have not searched patents relative to our technology. Defending ourselves against intellectual property claims,
whether they are with or without merit or are determined in our favor, will result in costly litigation and diversion of technical and management personnel. Infringement claims
also may result in our inability to use our current website, streaming technology, our recommendation and personalization technology or inability to market our service. As a
result of disputes, we may have to develop non-infringing technology, enter into royalty or licensing agreements, adjust our merchandising or marketing activities or take other
actions to resolve the claims. These actions, if required, may be costly or unavailable on terms acceptable to us.
Piracy of video, including digital and internet piracy, could adversely affect our business.
Video piracy is extensive in many parts of the world and has been made easier by technological advances and the conversion of video into digital formats. These trends facilitate
the creation, transmission and sharing of high-quality unauthorized copies of content on DVDs, Blu-ray discs, and the internet. We may have to implement elaborate and costly
security and anti-piracy measures, which could result in significant expenses and losses of revenue. We cannot provide absolute assurance that security and anti-piracy measures
will prevent the piracy of our content. The proliferation of unauthorized copies of our content could have an adverse effect on our business, by reducing the revenues we receive
from our subscription service.
13
Risks Related to Litigation, Regulatory Proceedings and Government Regulation
We may be subject to litigation or regulatory proceedings that could cause us to incur substantial losses.
From time to time during the normal course of operating our businesses, we are subject to various litigation claims, regulatory proceedings and legal disputes. Some of these
matters may not be covered under our insurance policies, or our insurance carriers may seek to deny coverage. As a result, we might be required to incur significant legal fees,
which may have a material adverse effect on our financial position. In addition, because we cannot accurately predict the outcome of any dispute, it is possible that, as a result
of current and/or future matters, we will be subject to adverse judgments or settlements that could significantly reduce our earnings or result in losses.
If government regulations relating to the internet or other areas of our business change, we may need to alter the manner in which we conduct our business or incur
greater operating expenses.
The adoption or modification of laws or regulations relating to the internet or other areas of our business could limit or otherwise adversely affect the manner in which we
currently conduct our business. In addition, the continued growth and development of the market for online commerce may lead to more stringent consumer protection laws,
which may impose additional burdens on us. If we are required to comply with new regulations or legislation or new interpretations of existing regulations or legislation, this
compliance could cause us to incur additional expenses or alter our business model.
The adoption or modification of any laws or regulations that adversely affect the growth, popularity or use of the internet, including laws impacting internet neutrality, could
decrease the demand for our service and increase our cost of doing business. For example, as a result of the repeal of internet neutrality regulations in the United States,
broadband internet access providers may be able to charge web-based services such as ours for priority access to members, which could result in increased costs and a loss of
existing users, impairment of our ability to attract new users, and material adverse effects on our business and opportunities for growth. Additionally, as we expand
internationally, government regulation concerning the internet, and in particular, network neutrality, may be nascent or non-existent. Within such a regulatory environment,
coupled with potentially significant political and economic power of local network operators, we could experience discriminatory or anti-competitive practices that could
impede our growth, cause us to incur additional expense or otherwise negatively affect our business.
14
Risks Related to International Operations
We could be subject to economic, political, regulatory and other risks arising from international operations.
Operating in international markets requires significant resources and management attention and will subject us to regulatory, economic and political risks that may be different
from and incremental to those in the United States. In addition to the risks that we face in the United States, our international operations may involve risks that could adversely
affect our business, including the following: the need to adapt our content and user interfaces for specific cultural and language differences, including licensing a certain portion
of our content library before we have developed a full appreciation for its performance within a given territory; difficulties and costs associated with staffing and managing
foreign operations; management distraction; political or social unrest and economic instability; compliance with U.S. laws, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, export
controls and economic sanctions, and local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to government officials; unexpected changes in regulatory requirements; less favorable foreign
intellectual property laws; adverse tax consequences such as those related to repatriation of cash from foreign jurisdictions into the United States, non-income related taxes such
as value-added tax or other indirect taxes, changes in tax laws or their interpretations, or the application of judgment in determining our global provision for income taxes and
other tax liabilities given inter-company transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain; fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could
impact revenues and expenses of our international operations and expose us to foreign currency exchange rate risk; profit repatriation and other restrictions on the transfer of
funds; differing payment processing systems as well as consumer use and acceptance of electronic payment methods, such as credit and debit cards; new and different sources
of competition; different and more stringent user protection, data protection, privacy and other laws; and availability of reliable broadband connectivity and wide area networks
in targeted areas for expansion.
Our failure to manage any of these risks successfully could harm our international operations and our overall business, and results of our operations.
Risks Related to Liquidity
We may seek additional capital that may result in shareholder dilution or that may have rights senior to those of our common shareholders.
From time to time, we may seek to obtain additional capital, either through equity, equity-linked or debt securities. Our cash flows provided by our operating activities were
negative in 2019, but as planned have been positive since 2020. To the extent we are unable to maintain positive cash flows from operations, we may seek additional capital.
The decision to obtain additional capital will depend on, among other things, our business plans, operating performance and condition of the capital markets. If we raise
additional funds through the issuance of equity, equity-linked or debt securities, our shareholders may experience dilution, and such securities may have rights, preferences or
privileges senior to the rights of our common stock. Any large equity or equity-linked offering could also negatively impact our stock price.
Risks Related to Human Resources
We may lose key employees or may be unable to hire qualified employees.
We rely on the continued service and performance of our senior management, in particular Jirka Rysavy, our Chairman, CEO and founder. In our industry, there is substantial
and continuous competition for highly skilled business, product development, technical and other personnel. Hiring qualified management is difficult due to the limited number
of qualified professionals in our industry. Failure to recruit, attract and retain personnel, particularly management personnel, could materially harm our business, financial
condition, and results of operations.
15
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock
Our founder, chairman and CEO, Jirka Rysavy, has voting control over us.
Mr. Rysavy holds 100% of our 5,400,000 outstanding shares of Class B common stock and also owns 475,061 shares of Class A common stock. The shares of Class B common
stock are convertible into shares of Class A common stock at any time. Each share of Class B common stock has ten votes per share, and each share of Class A common stock
has one vote per share. Consequently, Mr. Rysavy holds approximately 78% of our voting stock and is able to exert substantial influence over and control matters requiring
approval by shareholders, including the election of directors, increasing our authorized capital stock, or a merger or sale of substantially all of our assets. As a result of Mr.
Rysavy’s control of us, no change of control can occur without Mr. Rysavy’s consent.
Our business is subject to reporting requirements that continue to evolve and change, which could continue to require significant compliance effort and resources.
Because our common stock is publicly traded, we are subject to certain rules and regulations of federal, state and financial market exchange entities charged with the protection
of investors and the oversight of companies whose securities are publicly traded. These entities, including the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the SEC and
NASDAQ, periodically issue new requirements and regulations. Legislative bodies also review and revise applicable laws. As interpretation and implementation of these laws
and rules and promulgation of new regulations continues, we will continue to be required to commit significant financial and managerial resources and incur additional
expenses.
Risks Related to our Ownership of Real Property
Liability relating to environmental matters may impact the value of our real property.
We may be subject to environmental liabilities arising from our ownership of real property. Under various U.S. federal, state and local laws, an owner or operator of real
property may become liable for the costs of removal of certain hazardous substances released on its property. These laws often impose liability without regard to whether the
owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the release of such hazardous substances.
The presence of hazardous substances on real property owned by us may adversely affect our ability to sell such real property and we may incur substantial remediation costs,
thus harming our financial condition. The discovery of material environmental liabilities attached to such real property could adversely affect our results of operations and
financial condition.
Any of these events, in combination or individually, could disrupt our business and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Not Applicable.
Item 2. Properties
Our principal physical properties are set forth below. We believe these facilities are adequate to meet our current needs.
Louisville, CO
Louisville, CO
Size
138,502 sq. ft.
11,760 sq. ft.
Use
Headquarters
Production Studio
Owned/Leased
Partially Owned/Leased
Owned
On September 9, 2020, our wholly owned subsidiary Boulder Road sold a 50% undivided interest in a portion of our Colorado campus to Westside Boulder, LLC. Boulder
Road retained a 50% undivided interest in the property as well as full ownership of our studio and production facilities. In connection with the transaction, Boulder Road leased
the property pursuant to a master lease for a term extending through September 30, 2030, with two five-year extensions.
16
Gaia guaranteed Boulder Road’s obligations under the master lease. Our Colorado facility is subject to a $13.0 million mortgage with First Interstate Bank as lender.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings that we consider to be in the normal course of business. We record accruals that can be reasonably estimated for losses
related to matters against us that we consider to be probable. In the opinion of management, based on available information, settlements, arbitration awards and final judgments,
if any, that are considered probable of being rendered against us in litigation or arbitration in existence at December 31, 2022 and that can be reasonably estimated are either
reserved against or would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
SEC Investigation
In June 2020, Gaia received a request for voluntary production of documents in an investigation by the staff of the Denver Regional Office (the “Staff”) of the U.S. Securities
and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Since that time, Gaia has responded to the initial voluntary requests and subsequent subpoenas issued by the Staff. In September 2022,
Gaia and Gaia's Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) reached an agreement in principle with the Staff on a framework for a complete resolution of the investigation. The agreement
in principle contemplates that Gaia would consent, without admitting or denying any findings, to the entry of an administrative order: (1) finding that Gaia (a) misstated in its
April 29, 2019 earnings release and earnings call the increase in the number of paying subscribers for the period ending March 31, 2019, a quarter during which Gaia extended a
free month of service to certain subscribers in the midst of a transition to a new enterprise-wide data system and (b) failed to comply with SEC whistleblower protection
requirements with respect to the termination of one employee and the language used in severance agreements for other employees; and (2) requiring Gaia to pay a total civil
monetary penalty of $2.0 million over a one-year period for these violations. At the same time, the CFO would consent, without admitting or denying any findings, to the entry
of an administrative order: (1) finding that the CFO caused Gaia's misstatements in the April 29, 2019 earnings release and earnings call that is described above; and (2)
requiring the CFO to pay a civil monetary penalty of $0.05 million. The contemplated settlement with Gaia and the CFO involve violations that require only negligence rather
than intentional conduct. There can be no assurance that the contemplated settlement will be finalized and approved. Based on the Gaia’s agreement in principle with the Staff,
however, Gaia has accrued a liability in the amount of $2.0 million.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Stock Price History
Our Class A common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “GAIA”. On February 21, 2023, we had 3,244 shareholders of record of our Class A
common stock and one shareholder of record (Mr. Rysavy) of our Class B common stock.
Issuer Purchases of Registered Equity Securities
None.
17
Dividend Policy
We have not paid any dividends since the start of the streaming business. The timing, declaration and payment of future dividends to holders of our common stock will depend
upon many factors, including our cash balances and potential future capital requirements for strategic transactions, including acquisitions, results of operations, financial
condition and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.
Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table summarizes equity compensation plan information for our Class A common stock at December 31, 2022:
Equity compensation plans approved by
security holders
Equity compensation plans not approved
by security holders
Total
Item 6. Reserved
Number of securities
to be issued upon
exercise of outstanding
options, warrants and
rights
Weighted average
exercise price of
outstanding options
Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation
plans (excluding securities reflected in
the first column)
1,057,680
$
—
1,057,680
$
8.17
—
8.17
1,354,614
—
1,354,614
18
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward looking
statements that involve risks and uncertainties. When used in this discussion, we intend the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,”
“expect,” “future,” “hope,” “intend” “may,” “might,” “objective,” “ongoing,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “strive,” “target,” “will,” “would” and similar
expressions as they relate to us to identify such forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking
statements as a result of certain factors set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ include,
without limitation: our ability to attract new members and retain existing members; our ability to compete effectively, including for customer engagement with different modes
of entertainment; maintenance and expansion of devise platforms for streaming; fluctuation in customer usage of our service; fluctuations in quarterly operating results; service
disruptions; production risks, general economic conditions; future losses; loss of key personnel; price changes; brand reputation; acquisitions; new initiatives we undertake;
security and information systems; legal liability for website content; failure of third parties to provide adequate service; future internet-related taxes; our founder’s control of us;
litigation; consumer trends; the effect of government regulation and programs; the impact of public health threats; including the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and our
response to it; and other risks and uncertainties included in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We caution you that no forward-looking statement is a
guarantee of future performance, and you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements which reflect our views only as of the date of this report. We
undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking information.
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related
notes included elsewhere in this document. This section is designed to provide information that will assist readers in understanding our consolidated financial statements,
changes in certain items in those statements from year to year, the primary factors that caused those changes and how certain accounting principles, policies and estimates
affect the consolidated financial statements.
Overview and Outlook
We operate a global digital video subscription service with a library of over 10,000 titles, with a growing selection of titles available in Spanish, German and French that caters
to a unique, underserved member base. Our digital content is available to our members on most internet-connected devices anytime, anywhere, commercial-free. Through our
online Gaia subscription service our members have unlimited access to a library of inspiring films, cutting edge documentaries, interviews, yoga classes, transformation related
content, and more – 80% of which is exclusively available to our members for digital streaming on most internet-connected devices.
Gaia’s position in the streaming video landscape is firmly supported by its wide variety of exclusive and unique content, which provides a complementary offering to other
entertainment-based streaming video services. Our original content is developed and produced in-house in our production studios near Boulder, Colorado. By offering exclusive
and unique content through our streaming service, we believe we will be able to significantly expand our target member base.
Our available content is currently focused on yoga, transformation, alternative healing, seeking truth and conscious films. This content is specifically targeted to a unique
member base that is interested in alternatives and supplements to the content provided by mainstream media. We have grown these content options both organically through our
own productions and through strategic acquisitions. In addition, through our investments in our streaming video technology and our user interface, we have expanded the many
ways our subscription member base can access our unique library of media titles.
Our core strategy is to grow our subscription business domestically and internationally by expanding our unique and exclusive content library, enhancing our user interface,
extending our streaming service to new internet-connected devices as they are developed and creating a conscious community built around our content.
19
The full impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our business, operations and financial results will depend on a number of evolving factors that we may not be able to
accurately predict. See Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Form 10-K for additional details.
Commencing during the second half of March 2020 and continuing through July 2020, we saw an increase in demand for our content from both current and potential members.
This created a positive trend in existing member retention, costs to acquire new members, and the corresponding revenue and cash flow impacts from these higher volumes. This
trend dissipated beginning in August 2020, when we saw the online paid media advertising market start to return to historical norms with a corresponding effect on the cost of
our online advertising efforts. With the rollout of privacy changes affecting a large number of mobile consumers during the summer of 2021 we saw an increase in the costs of
our online advertising efforts which reduced the number of new members we add each period with our allocated marketing spend. In addition, in the period of March through
October 2022, we lost about 40% of the members we added during the COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020 and 2021.
During the last 90 days, we have eliminated approximately $5 million in annualized spending, which includes approximately 36 full time equivalent headcount that were added
over the past two years to offset reduced efficiency we experienced as a result of work from home mandates.
We are a Colorado corporation. Our principal and executive office is located at 833 West South Boulder Road, Louisville, CO 80027-2452. Our telephone number at that
address is (303) 222-3600.
Results of Operations
The table below summarizes certain of our results for the periods indicated:
(in thousands, except per share data)
Revenues, net
Cost of revenues
Gross profit margin
Selling and operating
Corporate, general and administration
Acquisition costs
Income (loss) from operations
Interest and other expense, net
Anticipated SEC settlement
Income (loss) before income taxes
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
Income (loss) from continuing operations
Loss from discontinued operations
Net income (loss)
Years ended December 31,
2022
2021
82,035 $
10,915
86.7 %
64,155
7,181
49
(265 )
(268 )
(2,000 )
(2,533 )
202
(2,735 )
(360 )
(3,095 ) $
79,573
10,526
86.8 %
60,577
6,125
360
1,985
(265 )
—
1,720
(2,011 )
3,731
—
3,731
$
$
20
The following table sets forth certain financial data as a percentage of net revenues for the periods indicated:
Revenues, net
Cost of revenues
Gross profit
Expenses:
Selling and operating
Corporate, general and administration
Acquisition costs
Total operating expenses
Income (loss) from operations
Interest and other expense, net
Anticipated SEC settlement
Income (loss) before income taxes
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
Income (loss) from continuing operations
Loss from discontinued operations
Net income (loss)
Years ended December 31,
2022
2021
100.0 %
13.3 %
86.7 %
78.2 %
8.8 %
0.1 %
87.0 %
(0.3 )%
(0.3 )%
(2.4 )%
(3.1 )%
0.2 %
(3.3 )%
(0.4 )%
(3.8 )%
100.0 %
13.2 %
86.8 %
76.1 %
7.7 %
0.5 %
84.3 %
2.5 %
(0.3 )%
0.0 %
2.2 %
(2.5 )%
4.7 %
0.0 %
4.7 %
Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021
Revenues, net. Revenues increased $2.4 million, or 3.0%, to $82.0 million during 2022, compared to $79.6 million during 2021. The increase was primarily driven by an
increase in our average number of members in 2022 compared to 2021.
Cost of revenues. Cost of revenues increased $0.4 million, or 3.8%, to $10.9 million during 2022 from $10.5 million during 2021, with gross margin of 86.7% in the current
year compared to 86.8% in 2021. The slight gross margin decline was primarily due to increased content amortization as we continue to invest in our content library.
Selling and operating expenses. Selling and operating expenses increased $3.6 million, or 5.9%, to $64.2 million during 2022 from $60.6 million during 2021 and, as a
percentage of revenues, increased to 78.2% during 2022 from 76.1% during 2021. The increase was primarily driven by increased technology operating costs as we focus on
expanding our international member base and completing a business continuity initiative during 2022, as well as incremental expenses incurred related to the Yoga International
acquisition.
Corporate, general and administration expenses. Corporate, general and administration expenses increased $1.1 million, or 18.0%, to $7.2 million during 2022 from $6.1
million during 2021 and, as a percentage of net revenue, increased to 8.8% during 2022 from 7.7% during 2021. The increase was primarily driven by legal fees and the
additional expenses incurred as a result of the Yoga International acquisition.
Interest and other income (expense), net. Interest and other income (expense), net remained relatively flat during 2022 compared to 2021 at $0.3 million for both years. The bulk
of interest paid is attributed to the loan on our building and the newly acquired line of credit discussed in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form
10-K.
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes. Provision for (benefit from) income taxes reflects a current year provision of $0.2 million compared to the prior year benefit from
income taxes due to the partial valuation allowance release related to the recognition of deferred tax liabilities associated with the acquisition of Yoga International.
Quarterly and Seasonal Fluctuations
The following tables set forth our unaudited results of operations for each of the quarters in 2022 and 2021. In our opinion, this unaudited financial information includes all
adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring accruals and adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for the quarters presented. You should
21
read this financial information in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The results of operations for
any quarter are not necessarily indicative of future results of operations.
(in thousands, except per share data)
Revenues, net
Gross profit
Gross margin
Income (loss) from continuing operations
Loss from discontinued operations
Net income (loss)
Earnings (loss) per share
Basic
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Basic earnings (loss) per share
Diluted
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic
Diluted
(in thousands, except per share data)
Revenues, net
Gross profit
Gross margin
Income (loss) from operations
Net income (loss)
Basic earnings (loss) per share
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic
Diluted
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
March 31
June 30
September 30
December 31
Year 2022 Quarters Ended
21,831 $
18,926
86.7 %
247
(161 )
86
0.01 $
(0.01 ) $
— $
0.01 $
(0.01 ) $
— $
20,720 $
17,961
86.7 %
248
(132 )
116
0.01 $
(0.01 ) $
— $
0.01 $
(0.01 ) $
— $
19,907 $
17,259
86.7 %
(2,368 )
(7 )
(2,375 )
(0.11 ) $
— $
(0.11 ) $
(0.11 ) $
— $
) $
(0.11
19,577
16,974
86.7 %
(862 )
(60 )
(922 )
(0.04 )
—
(0.04 )
(0.04 )
—
)
(0.04
20,465
20,816
20,788
20,795
20,806
20,806
20,806
20,806
March 31
June 30
September 30
December 31
Year 2021 Quarters Ended
18,896 $
16,458
87.1 %
424
358
0.02 $
0.02 $
19,201
19,724
19,443 $
16,934
87.1 %
695
643
0.03 $
0.03 $
19,268
19,810
20,405 $
17,779
87.1 %
726
647
0.03 $
0.03 $
19,318
19,812
20,829
17,876
85.8 %
140
2,083
0.11
0.10
19,441
19,899
Our member base growth reflects seasonal variations driven primarily by periods when consumers typically spend more time indoors and, as a result, tend to increase their
viewing, similar to those of traditional TV and cable networks. The effects of the global pandemic have shifted our historical pattern over the past three years, but we have
historically experienced the greatest member growth in the fourth and first quarters (October through February), and slowest during May through August. This has historically
driven quarterly variations in our spending on member acquisition efforts and the number of net new subscribers we add each quarter but does not result in a corresponding
seasonality in net revenue. As the world emerges from the effects of the pandemic, we expect these seasonal trends to return. As we continue to expand internationally, we also
expect regional seasonality trends to demonstrate more predictable seasonal patterns as our service offering in each market becomes more established and we have a longer
history to assess such patterns.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which require us to make judgments,
estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in
22
the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K summarizes the significant
accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
We believe the following to be critical accounting policies whose application has a material impact on our financial presentation, and involve a higher degree of complexity, as
they require us to make judgments and estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain.
Media library
Media library represents the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value of capitalized costs to produce our proprietary media content, rights obtained through license
arrangements and digital media content acquired through asset purchases or business combinations.
The value of our produced media library consists of capitalized costs incurred to produce original media content, including salary and overhead costs of our in-house production
team and other third-party costs.
Our licensed media library is obtained through license arrangements. Generally, we pay an advance against a percentage royalty or an upfront license fee in exchange for the
distribution rights for a specific license window, but we may also obtain a license for a fixed fee for perpetuity. These payments are capitalized at the time of payment. Certain
agreements also include an ongoing royalty obligation, which entitles the licensor to a share of the revenues generated from the licensed works. These expenses are calculated
and accrued on a monthly basis and included in costs of revenues. We pay these accrued royalties on a quarterly basis and therefore have included the related liability in accrued
liabilities.
The value of our acquired media library consists of the acquisition date fair value of media assets obtained through asset acquisitions and business combinations recorded at the
estimated fair value of the titles acquired, which is based on a number of factors, including the number of titles, the total hours of content, the production quality and age of the
acquired media assets.
We amortize our media library in cost of revenues on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the license period or the estimated useful life of the titles, which typically ranges
from 12 to 90 months. The amortization period begins with the first month of availability on our service.
Management reviews content viewership to determine whether viewing patterns correlate with initial estimates supporting the amortization period utilized. If current estimates
indicate that viewing is significantly higher in earlier periods relative to the remaining amortization period, we will begin amortizing the respective titles on an accelerated basis
over the amortization period. Due to our exclusive content and growing member base, our viewership trends have continued to support both the amortization period and the
straight-line basis of amortization with no additional amortization recorded.
Our media library is reviewed for impairment at the film group level when an event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying amount of the film group may not be
recoverable. Recoverability of the film group is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the film group to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be
generated by the film group. If the carrying amount exceeds the estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying value
exceeds the fair value. No impairment charges were recorded during 2022 or 2021.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the estimated fair value of assets acquired less liabilities assumed in a business acquisition. We have only one
reporting unit; therefore, goodwill is assessed at the enterprise level. We review goodwill for impairment annually as of December 31 or more frequently if indicators of
impairment are identified. We have the option of first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the
estimated fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying
23
amount. If the estimated fair value of goodwill exceeds its carrying amount, we consider the goodwill to not be impaired. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its
estimated fair value, we use either a comparable market approach or a traditional present value method to test for potential impairment. The process of evaluating the potential
impairment of goodwill is highly subjective and requires significant judgment at many points during the analysis. Application of alternative assumptions and definitions could
yield significantly different results. During 2022 and 2021, no impairment of goodwill was indicated.
Income Taxes and Deferred Tax Balances
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recorded with respect to temporary differences in the accounting treatment of items for financial reporting purposes and for income
tax purposes. The tax expense or benefit related to ordinary income or loss must be computed at an annual effective tax rate and the tax expense or benefit related to all other
items must be individually computed and recognized as a discrete item when it occurs. Where, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some
amount of recorded deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is established for the amount that, in management’s judgment, is sufficient to reduce the
deferred tax asset to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized. As we have historically had cumulative losses, we have not released the current valuation allowance.
The timing of the release of the valuation allowance will be dependent on cumulative income for a period of 36 months and an expectation that we will not have cumulative
losses in the future.
A tax position must meet a minimum probability threshold before a financial statement benefit is recognized. The minimum threshold is defined as a tax position that is more
likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical
merits of the position. The tax benefit to be recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate
settlement.
Share-Based Compensation
We recognize compensation cost for share-based awards based on the estimated fair value of the award on the date of grant. We measure compensation cost at the grant date
based on the estimated fair value of the award and recognize compensation cost upon the probable attainment of a specified performance condition over the estimated
performance period or for time-based awards over the service period. Since 2019, we have only granted restricted stock units, for which we utilize the intrinsic valuation model
to estimate fair value.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our capital needs arise from working capital required to fund operations, capital expenditures related to acquisition and development of media content, development and
marketing of our digital platforms, acquisitions of new businesses and other investments, replacements, expansions and improvements to our infrastructure, and future growth.
These capital requirements depend on numerous factors, including the rate of market acceptance of our offerings, our ability to expand our customer base, the cost of ongoing
upgrades to our offerings, our expenditures for marketing, and other factors. Additionally, we will continue to pursue opportunities to expand our media libraries, evaluate
possible investments in businesses and technologies, and increase our marketing programs as needed.
On December 28, 2020, Boulder Road and Westside Boulder, LLC entered into a loan agreement with First Interstate Bank, as lender, providing for a mortgage loan in the
principal amount of $13.0 million. The loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.75% per annum and matures on December 28, 2025. Westside and Boulder Road each received
50% of the proceeds and are each responsible for 50% of the monthly installments. The loan is secured by a deed of trust, assignment of rents, security agreement and fixture
filing on our corporate campus and is guaranteed by Gaia.
On August 25, 2022, Gaia entered into a Credit and Security Agreement with KeyBank National Association. The Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility in
an aggregate amount of up to $10.0 million with a sublimit of $1.0 million available for issuances of letters of credit. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are
24
available for working capital and general corporate purposes, but not to fund any permitted acquisitions or other investments.
We began to generate positive cash flows from operations in October 2019 and have continued to generate cash flows from operations each subsequent quarter. We expect to
continue generating positive cash flows from operations during 2023. We generated approximately $11.5 million in cash flows from operations during 2022, which helped fund
the ongoing investment in our content library and the technology platform we use to deliver the content to our members.
We intend to invest approximately 15%-20% of our consolidated revenues each year to support continued investment in our content library and technology platform. This
spending is entirely discretionary in nature with no contractual commitments and due to our in-house production capabilities, we can scale our content investment based on the
cash flows generated from operations if necessary to ensure we have sufficient liquidity to operate our business into the future. As of December 31, 2022, our cash balance was
$11.6 million.
In the normal course of our business, we investigate, evaluate and discuss acquisition, joint venture, minority investment, strategic relationship and other business combination
opportunities in our market. For any future investment, acquisition or joint venture opportunities, we may consider using then-available liquidity, issuing equity securities or
incurring indebtedness.
While there can be no assurances, we believe our cash on hand, cash expected to be generated from operations, and potential capital raising capabilities should be sufficient to
fund our operations on both a short-term and long-term basis. However, our projected cash needs may change as a result of acquisitions, product development, unforeseen
operational difficulties or other factors.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our primary sources (uses) of cash during the periods presented:
(in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities - continuing operations
Operating activities - discontinued operations
Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash
2022 Compared to 2021
Years ended December 31,
2022
2021
$
$
$
$
11,880 $
(360 ) $
11,520 $
(19,104 )
8,877
1,293 $
20,867
—
20,867
(23,858 )
655
(2,336 )
Operating activities. Cash flows from operations decreased $9.3 million during 2022 compared to 2021. The decrease was primarily driven by the net loss in 2022 and a $7.5
million decrease due to working capital changes.
Investing activities. Cash flow used in investing activities decreased $4.8 million during 2022 compared to 2021 primarily due to 2021 including cash utilization of $6.5 million
to fund the cash consideration portion of the acquisition of Yoga International, offset by a planned increase during 2022 in investment in our content library and technology
platform.
Financing activities. Cash flows from financing activities improved $8.2 million during 2022 compared to 2021. In September 2022, we obtained a line of credit with KeyBank,
as described in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, and had borrowed $9.0 million at December 31, 2022.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.
25
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 32)
Gaia, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
26
27
29
30
31
32
33
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Gaia, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Gaia, Inc. (“the Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the related statements of operations, changes in
shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial
statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the
results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in
the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our
audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with
respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the
PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about
whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an
audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the
purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that
respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included
evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe
that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be
communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging,
subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are
not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Valuation of media library
As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, media library represents the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value of capitalized costs to produce the Company’s
proprietary media content, rights obtained through license arrangements and digital media content acquired through asset purchases or business combinations. The Company
amortizes its media library in cost of revenues on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the license period or the estimated useful life of the titles, which typically ranges from
12 to 90 months. The amortization period begins with the first month of availability on the Company’s service.
The Company’s media library is reviewed for impairment when an event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying amount of the film group may not be
recoverable. Recoverability of the film group is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the film group to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be
generated by the film group. If the carrying amount of the film group exceeds the estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the
carrying value exceeds the fair value.
27
We identified the assessment of the valuation of media library as a critical audit matter. There was a high degree of subjective auditor judgment in evaluating the recoverability
of the capitalized media library amounts.
The primary procedures we performed to audit the critical audit matter included the following:
•Tested amounts capitalized to media library by obtaining third-party invoices for external costs and performed substantive analytical procedures on capitalized employee
expenses. Additionally, we tested that amounts capitalized were in compliance with film production generally accepted accounting principles and tested the existence of
media library content by verifying titles are available for viewing.
•Assessed amortization period by evaluating useful lives of produced media, including evaluating the proper accounting treatment of the media library amortization under
ASU 2019-02, which allows for amortization based on usage at the aggregate film group level. We recalculated amortization of the media library film group.
•Obtained an understanding of management’s impairment analysis process and compared the subscription revenues generated by the media library to the net media library
value to determine if there were indicators the carrying amount of the media library may not be recoverable.
/s/ Armanino LLP
Dallas, Texas
March 6, 2023
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2021.
28
GAIA, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
ASSETS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Current assets:
Cash
Accounts receivable
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Total current assets
Media library, software and equipment, net
Right-of-use lease asset, net
Real estate, investment and other assets, net
Goodwill
Total assets
Current liabilities:
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities
Short-term debt and lease liability
Deferred revenue
Total current liabilities
Long-term debt, net
Long-term lease liability
Deferred taxes
Total liabilities
Equity:
Gaia, Inc. shareholders’ equity:
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value, 150,000,000 shares
authorized, 15,406,186 and 15,061,337 shares issued and
outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value, 50,000,000 shares
authorized, 5,400,000 shares issued and outstanding at
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated deficit
Total shareholders' equity
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
As of December 31,
2022
2021
11,562 $
2,955
2,656
17,173
51,115
7,093
30,979
31,943
138,303 $
12,355 $
894
14,124
27,373
14,958
6,489
499
49,319
10,269
2,728
1,986
14,983
50,558
7,871
31,394
28,870
133,676
14,102
860
14,847
29,809
6,109
7,234
309
43,461
1
1
1
164,180
(75,198 )
88,984
138,303 $
1
162,316
(72,103 )
90,215
133,676
$
$
$
$
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
29
GAIA, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except per share data)
Revenues, net
Cost of revenues
Gross profit
Expenses:
Selling and operating
Corporate, general and administration
Acquisition costs
Total operating expenses
Income (loss) from operations
Interest and other expense, net
Anticipated SEC settlement
Income (loss) before income taxes
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
Income (loss) from continuing operations
Loss from discontinued operations
Net income (loss)
Earnings per share:
Basic
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Basic Earnings (loss) per share
Diluted
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Diluted Earnings (loss) per share
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic
Diluted
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Years Ended December 31,
2022
2021
82,035 $
10,915
71,120
64,155
7,181
49
71,385
(265 )
(268 )
(2,000 )
(2,533 )
202
(2,735 )
(360 )
(3,095 ) $
(0.13 ) $
(0.02 ) $
(0.15 ) $
(0.13 ) $
(0.02 ) $
(0.15 ) $
79,573
10,526
69,047
60,577
6,125
360
67,062
1,985
(265 )
—
1,720
(2,011 )
3,731
—
3,731
0.19
—
0.19
0.19
—
0.19
20,716
20,716
19,307
19,834
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
30
GAIA, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
(in thousands, except shares)
Balance at December 31, 2020
Issuance of Gaia, Inc. common stock for RSU releases, stock option exercises
and share-based compensation
Net income
Balance at March 31, 2021
Issuance of Gaia, Inc. common stock for RSU releases, stock option exercises
and share-based compensation
Net income
Balance at June 30, 2021
Share-based compensation
Net income
Balance at September 30, 2021
Issuance of Gaia, Inc. common stock for business combination
Share-based compensation
Net income
Balance at December 31, 2021
Issuance of Gaia, Inc. common stock for RSU releases, employee stock purchase
plan, and share-based compensation
Net income
Balance at March 31, 2022
Issuance of Gaia, Inc. common stock for RSU releases, employee stock purchase
plan, stock option exercises and share-based compensation
Net income
Balance at June 30, 2022
Share-based compensation
Net loss
Balance at September 30, 2022
Share-based compensation
Net loss
Balance at December 31, 2022
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
Accumulated
Deficit
Common
Stock
Amount
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Common
Stock
Shares
$
74,235
$
(75,834 ) $
2
$
150,067
19,182,951
684
358
75,277
771
643
76,691
533
647
77,871
9,724
537
2,083
90,215
540
86
90,841
433
116
91,390
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
337
(2,375 )
$
89,352
554
(922 )
$
88,984
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
—
358
(75,476 ) $
—
643
(74,833 ) $
—
647
(74,186 ) $
—
$
—
2,083
(72,103 ) $
—
86
(72,017 ) $
—
116
(71,901 ) $
—
(2,375 )
(74,276 ) $
—
(922 )
(75,198 ) $
$
$
$
$
$
$
—
—
2
—
—
2
—
—
2
—
—
—
2
—
—
2
—
—
2
$
—
—
2
—
—
2
$
$
684
—
150,751
771
—
151,522
533
—
152,055
9,724
537
—
162,316
540
—
162,856
433
—
163,289
337
—
163,626
554
—
164,180
17,895
—
19,200,846
117,141
—
19,317,987
—
—
19,317,987
1,134,613
8,737
—
20,461,337
313,823
—
20,775,160
31,026
—
20,806,186
—
—
20,806,186
—
—
20,806,186
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
31
GAIA, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
Operating activities:
Net income (loss)
Loss from discontinued operations
Income (loss) from continuing operations
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Years ended December 31,
2022
2021
$
(3,095 ) $
360
(2,735 )
Depreciation and amortization
Share-based compensation expense
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
Prepaid expenses and other assets
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Deferred revenue
Net cash provided by operating activities- continuing operations
Net cash used in operating activities- discontinued operations
Net cash provided by operating activities
Investing activities:
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and purchase of intangible assets
Additions to media library, software and equipment and other assets
Net cash used in investing activities
Financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings under revolving line of credit
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock
Repayments of debt
Net cash provided by financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash
Cash at beginning of year
Cash at end of year
Supplemental cash flow information
Interest paid
Income taxes paid
Value of shares issued for acquisition and business combination
15,938
1,821
202
(227 )
(670 )
(1,726 )
(723 )
11,880
(360 )
11,520
(847 )
(18,257 )
(19,104 )
9,000
43
(166 )
8,877
1,293
10,269
11,562 $
301 $
12 $
— $
$
$
$
$
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
32
3,731
—
3,731
13,145
1,710
(2,011 )
(682 )
8
4,192
774
20,867
—
20,867
(6,518 )
(17,340 )
(23,858 )
—
815
(160 )
655
(2,336 )
12,605
10,269
1,144
129
9,724
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
References in this report to “we”, “us”, “our”, “Company” or “Gaia” refer to Gaia, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless we indicate otherwise.
1. Organization, Nature of Operations, and Principles of Consolidation
Gaia, Inc. operates a global digital video subscription service and on-line community that caters to a unique and underserved member base. Our digital content is available to
our members on most internet-connected devices anytime, anywhere commercial free. Through our online Gaia subscription service, our members have unlimited access to a
vast library of inspiring films, cutting edge documentaries, interviews, yoga classes, transformation related content, and more – exclusively available to our members for
digital streaming. A subscription also allows our members to download and view files from our library without being actively connected to the internet. We were incorporated
under the laws of the State of Colorado on July 7, 1988.
In December 2021, we completed our acquisition of Yoga International, Inc. (“Yoga International”) as discussed further in Note 4. The acquisition of Yoga International has
expanded our offerings to include a stand-alone subscription yoga service and expanded our content offering with over 4,000 hours of unique content tailored to yoga
consumers interested in the philosophy and lifestyle of yoga.
We have prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, and they
include our accounts and those of our subsidiaries, over which we exercise control. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Cash
Cash represents on-demand accounts with financial institutions that are denominated in U.S. dollars. We consider investments in financial instruments purchased with an
original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. We also classify amounts in transit from payment processors for member credit card and debit card transactions
as cash.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable consists primarily of amounts due from partners who have the billing relationship with the member and collect subscription fees on our behalf. We
evaluate the need for an allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical collection trends, the financial condition of the partners and other factors as appropriate and
determined no allowance was needed at December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Property and Equipment
We state property and equipment at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Property and equipment are included in Media library, software and equipment in
the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. We include in property and equipment the cost of internal-use software, including software used in connection with our
websites. We expense all costs related to the development of internal-use software other than those incurred during the application development stage. We capitalize the
costs we incur during the application development stage and amortize them over the estimated useful life of the software, which is typically three years. We compute
depreciation of property and equipment on the straight-line method over estimated useful lives, generally 3 to 45 years. We amortize building improvements over the shorter
of the estimated useful lives of the assets or remaining life of the building. Depreciation expense is included in selling and operating expense, and corporate, general and
administration expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Media Library
Media library represents the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value of capitalized costs to produce our proprietary media content, rights obtained through license
arrangements and digital media content acquired through asset purchases or business combinations.
33
We amortize our media library in cost of revenues on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the license period or the estimated useful life of the titles, which typically
ranges from 12 to 90 months. The amortization period begins with the first month of availability on our service.
Our media library is reviewed at the film group level for impairment when an event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
Recoverability is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the film group to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the film
group. If the carrying amount exceeds the estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the estimated fair value of assets acquired less liabilities assumed in a business acquisition. We have only
one reporting unit; therefore, goodwill is assessed at the enterprise level. We review goodwill for impairment annually on December 31 or more frequently if indicators of
impairment are identified. We have the option of first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that
the fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying amount. If it is determined that the estimated fair value of goodwill is more likely than not greater than the carrying
amount of goodwill, then an impairment test is unnecessary. If it is determined that an impairment test is necessary, then we compare the estimated fair value of goodwill
with its carrying amount. If the estimated fair value of goodwill exceeds its carrying amount, we consider the goodwill not impaired. If the carrying amount of goodwill
exceeds its estimated fair value, we will record an impairment loss for the difference. We use either a comparable market approach or a traditional present value method to
test for potential impairment. The process of evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill is highly subjective and requires significant judgment at many points during the
analysis. Application of alternative assumptions and definitions could yield significantly different results. During 2022 and 2021, no impairment of goodwill was indicated.
Long-Lived Assets
We evaluate the carrying value of long-lived assets held and used, other than goodwill, when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be
recoverable. We consider the carrying value of a long-lived asset impaired when the total projected undiscounted cash flows from such asset are separately identifiable and
are less than the carrying value. We recognize a loss based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the long-lived asset. We determine
the estimated fair value primarily using the projected cash flows from the asset discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. During 2022 and 2021, no
impairment of long-lived assets was recognized.
Income Taxes
We provide for income taxes pursuant to the liability method. The liability method requires recognition of deferred income taxes based on temporary differences between
financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities, using current enacted income tax rates and regulations. These differences will result in taxable income or
deductions in future years when the reported amount of the asset or liability is recovered or settled, respectively. Considerable judgment is required in determining when
these events may occur and whether recovery of an asset, including the utilization of a net operating loss or other carryforward prior to its expiration, is more likely than not.
Revenue Recognition
Revenues consist primarily of subscription fees paid by our members. We present revenues net of taxes collected from members. Members are billed in advance and
revenues are recognized ratably over the subscription term. Deferred revenues consist of subscription fees collected from members that have not been earned and are
recognized ratably over the remaining term of the subscription. We recognize revenue on a net basis for relationships where our partners have the primary relationship,
including billing and service delivery, with the member. Payments made to partners to assist in promoting our service on their platforms are expensed to marketing expenses
in the period incurred. We do not allow access to our service to be provided as part of a bundle by any of our partners.
34
Discontinued Operations
Yoga International historically had a line of business focused on transactional course sales. This content was rolled into the subscription offering at the end of 2021 and this
line of business was discontinued in 2022 as the contractual commitments related to this line of business lapse. There are no other assets or liabilities associated with this
revenue stream. As this represents a strategic shift with a major effect on our operations and financial results, we have presented the results of operations related to winding
up this line of business as discontinued operations on the accompanying statement of operations.
Business Combinations
Gaia recognizes identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the consideration transferred
over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date. While we use our best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation
process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed, these estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. The authoritative guidance allows a
measurement period of up to one year from the date of acquisition to make adjustments to the preliminary allocation of the purchase price. As a result, during the
measurement period we may record adjustments to the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill to the extent that it
identifies adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation. Upon conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of the assets acquired
and liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments will be recorded to the consolidated statement of operations.
Marketing
Marketing costs consist primarily of advertising expenses, which include promotional activities such as online advertising and public relations expenditures. Advertising
costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling and operating expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. During 2022 and 2021, we
expensed marketing and advertising costs of $30.5 million and $31.3 million, respectively.
Share-Based Compensation
We recognize compensation cost for share-based awards based on the estimated fair value of the award on date of grant. We measure compensation cost at the grant date
based on the estimated fair value of the award and recognize compensation cost upon the probable attainment of a specified performance condition over the estimated
performance period or for time-based awards over the service period. Since 2019, we have only granted restricted stock units, for which we utilize the intrinsic valuation
model to estimate fair value.
Segment Information
Gaia’s Chief Executive Officer is the chief operating decision maker, who reviews Gaia’s financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating
resources and evaluating our financial performance. Accordingly, we have determined that we operate in a single reporting segment.
Defined Contribution Plan
We have adopted a defined contribution retirement plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Internal Revenue Code”), which covers
substantially all employees. Eligible employees may contribute amounts to the plan, via payroll withholding, subject to certain limitations. The 401(k) plan permits, but does
not require, us to make additional matching contributions to the 401(k) plan on behalf of all participants in the 401(k) plan. We match 50% of an employee’s contribution,
up to an annual maximum matching contribution of $3,000. We made matching contributions to the 401(k) plan of $0.3 million in each of the years ended December 31,
2022 and 2021.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or
liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Assets and liabilities are valued based upon observable and non-observable
35
inputs. Valuations using Level 1 inputs are based on unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities at the measurement
date. Level 2 inputs utilize significant other observable inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, either directly or indirectly;
and valuations using Level 3 inputs are based on significant unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data and reflect the use of significant
management judgment. The carrying amounts of our cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other current liabilities approximate their fair values.
Leases
As discussed in Note 8, we entered into an operating lease in connection with the sale of a portion of our corporate campus. We record the right to use the underlying asset
for the operating lease term as an asset and our obligation to make lease payments as a liability. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recognized on the
balance sheet and the expense for these short-term leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments are not included in the lease
payments used to measure the lease liability and are expensed as incurred.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed
using the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock and, when dilutive, potential shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Potential
shares of common stock consist of incremental shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units utilizing the treasury stock
method.
Investments
Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries, joint ventures, and other investees in which we have an interest of 20 to 50 percent and can exercise significant influence are
accounted for using the equity method. Under this method of accounting, we record our proportionate share of the net earnings or losses of the equity method investee and a
corresponding increase or decrease to the investment balance. We evaluate our equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable.
Our investment is carried at fair value, but we have used the practical expedient guidance to record at cost, with adjustments for other-than-temporary declines in fair value
as applicable. We evaluate our investment for impairment annually and when factors indicate that a significant decrease in value has occurred. Variables considered in
making such assessments may include near-term prospects of the investees and the investees’ capital structure, as well as other economic variables which reflect
assumptions market participants may use in pricing these assets. If an investment is deemed to have experienced an other-than-temporary decline below its carrying value
basis, we reduce the carrying amount of the investment to its quoted or estimated fair value, as applicable, and establish a new carrying value for the investment. We did not
record any impairment charges on our investments during the years 2022 or 2021.
Use of Estimates and Reclassifications
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the accompanying
consolidated financial statements and disclosures. Although we base these estimates on our best knowledge of current events and actions that we may undertake in the
future, actual results may be different from the estimates. We have made certain reclassifications to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentations.
36
3. Media Library, Software and Equipment
Media library, software and equipment stated at lower of cost or net realizable value, consists of the following as of December 31:
(in thousands)
Website development and other software
Studio, computer and telephone equipment
Media library:
Acquired media
Licensed media
Produced media
Produced media in progress
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
2022
2021
$
18,805 $
17,639
1,992
7,812
5,895
48,001
2,881
85,386
(34,271 )
51,115 $
2,060
9,989
5,874
41,701
2,893
80,156
(29,598 )
50,558
$
As described in Note 2, amortization is over typically 12-90 months commencing with the month the content is available on our site and is included in cost of revenues on
the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Amortization expense for our media library was $8.3 million and $6.5 million during 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Future depreciation and amortization is expected to be:
(in thousands)
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
Thereafter
4. Business Combinations
Acquired
Media
Licensed
Media
Produced
Media
Website
Development and
Other Software
Studio,
Computer and
Telephone
Equipment
$
$
1,039 $
1,039
921
881
735
1,080
5,695 $
946 $
805
637
413
227
146
3,174 $
6,626 $
6,265
5,638
4,746
3,546
4,324
31,145 $
5,206 $
3,459
1,286
—
—
—
9,951 $
486 $
346
220
84
14
—
1,150 $
Total
14,303
11,914
8,702
6,124
4,522
5,550
51,115
On December 22, 2021, Gaia, entered into and completed its acquisition of Yoga International pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (“Merger Agreement”). At
closing all of the issued and outstanding shares of Yoga International preferred and common stock were converted into the right to receive an aggregate of $9.1 million in cash
plus a total of 1,134,613 shares of Gaia Class A common stock. The initial cash consideration was reduced by $1.5 million to offset Yoga International’s working capital
shortfall at closing pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement. The determination of the number of shares issued pursuant to the Merger Agreement was based on the ten-
day volume weighted average price of Gaia Class A common stock as listed on the Nasdaq Global Market during the ten trading-day period ending on December 16, 2021
(the third trading day before the last business day prior to the date of the Merger Agreement). Half of the shares of Gaia Class A common stock issued were subject to a six-
month holdback arrangement and the other half were subject to a holdback until January 1, 2023. Included in the aggregate cash consideration was $1.0 million of deferred
cash consideration that was due and payable on March 1, 2022 subject to certain adjustments related to closing liabilities. We paid $0.9 million of this deferred cash
consideration in March 2022. These adjustments have been factored into the purchase price summarized below.
The acquisition expanded Gaia’s content library by 4,000 hours of content and also added a stand-alone digital yoga subscription service to Gaia’s offerings. With the
acquisition, Gaia now has a subscription offering tailored to the unique needs of consumers focused on the lifestyle and philosophy of yoga.
The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination and the total purchase price of $17.2 million was allocated to the net tangible and intangible assets and liabilities
based on their fair values on the acquisition date with the excess recorded as goodwill. The values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on their fair
values. As of December 31, 2022, we have finalized our purchase price allocation, which resulted in
37
measurement period adjustments that increased goodwill by $3.1 million, increased other liabilities by $0.9 million and reduced content library by $2.2 million.
The purchase price components are summarized in the following table:
(in thousands)
Fair value of Class A common stock transferred
Cash consideration
Total purchase price, as adjusted
$
$
Total
9,724
7,473
17,197
The following table presents the final purchase price allocation, as adjusted, recorded in Gaia’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022:
(in thousands)
Cash
Accounts receivable
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Media library, software and equipment
Intangible assets
Goodwill
Accounts payable and other liabilities
Deferred tax liability for acquired intangible assets
Deferred revenue
Total purchase price
Identifiable intangible assets are comprised of the following as of December 31, 2022:
(in thousands)
Customer relationships
Content library
Tradenames
Total intangible assets acquired
Total
$
$
829
21
248
47
7,063
14,654
(1,889 )
(2,079 )
(1,697 )
17,197
Total
Estimated Life
(months)
$
$
2,000
4,793
270
7,063
48
90
48
Customer relationships consists of the estimated value of future cash flows from current Yoga International members. These relationships are on a month-to-month basis for
monthly plans and on an annual basis for annual plans. Content library consists of the fair value of approximately 4,000 hours of original content acquired. Tradenames
represent the value of the Yoga International brand.
Goodwill generated from this acquisition primarily represents the value that is expected from the increased scale and synergies as a result of the integration of both businesses.
Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.
The estimated fair value of the intangible assets acquired was determined by Gaia. We engaged a third‑party expert to assist with the valuation analysis. The Company used a
multi period excess earnings method to value customer relationships, a cost approach to value the content library and a relief from royalty method to value tradenames. The net
tangible assets were valued at their respective carrying amounts as of the acquisition date, as we believe that these amounts approximate their current fair values.
During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, Gaia incurred costs related to this acquisition of $0.05 million and $0.4 million, respectively, which are included in
acquisition costs in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information gives effect to the acquisition of Yoga International as if it was consummated on January 1,
2021 (the beginning of the comparable prior reporting period). There were no material pro forma adjustments required. This unaudited data is presented for informational
purposes only and is not intended to represent or be indicative of the results of operations that would have been reported had the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2021. It
should not be taken as representative of future results of operations of the combined company.
38
The following table presents the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information:
(in thousands)
Revenues
Net income (loss)
5. Investment, Real Estate and Other Assets
For the Year Ended December
31,
2021
$
89,488
4,569
We sold a 50% undivided interest in a portion of our corporate campus on September 9, 2020 as further discussed in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements. As of
December 31, 2020, we reported the retained interest as investment in real estate and reclassified our real estate to investment, real estate and other assets on our
accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
In 2016, we purchased 10% of the outstanding common stock and associated voting rights of a privately held Colorado corporation for $10.0 million. We are accounting for
this investment at fair value, but have utilized the practical expedient guidance to record at cost. As part of our initial investment, we have the right, but not the obligation, to
purchase additional shares. If we elect not to utilize our right to purchase additional shares or transfer these rights to another party by certain deadlines, we may be required to
surrender and forfeit our existing stock ownership.
Investment, real estate and other assets consist of the following as of December 31:
(in thousands)
Corporate campus, net
Studio building, net
Investment, recorded at cost
Other assets
Other intangible assets, net
6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The following table sets forth changes in goodwill:
(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021
Measurement period adjustment
Balance at December 31, 2022
$
$
$
$
2022
2021
12,170 $
1,999
10,000
4,556
2,254
30,979 $
12,747
2,164
10,000
3,662
2,821
31,394
28,870
3,073
31,943
The following table represents our other intangible assets by major asset class as of the dates indicated, which are included in Investments and Other Assets on the
accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31:
(in thousands)
Amortizable Intangible Assets
Customer relationships
Tradenames
Accumulated amortization
Unamortized Intangible Assets
Domain names
2022
2021
2,000
270
(579 )
1,691
$
$
2,000
270
(12 )
2,258
563
$
653
$
$
$
The customer related intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over 12 months. Amortization expense was $568 thousand and $12 thousand for 2022and 2021,
respectively. Future amortization of our amortizable intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 is expected to be as follows:
39
(in thousands)
2023
2024
2025
7. Accounts Payable, Accrued and Other Liabilities
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities consist of the following as of December 31:
(in thousands)
Accounts payable
Accrued compensation
Anticipated SEC settlement
Deferred cash purchase consideration
Accrued expenses
8. Leases
$
$
568
568
555
1,691
2022
2021
$
$
7,382 $
1,049
2,000
—
1,924
12,355 $
9,079
2,005
—
866
2,152
14,102
In connection with the sale of a portion of our corporate campus as further discussed in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements, we leased the property pursuant to a
master lease for a term extending through September 30, 2030, with two five-year extensions. We record the right to use the underlying asset for the operating lease term as an
asset and our obligation to make lease payments as a liability, based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. On commencement of the lease, we
recorded a right-of-use asset and operating lease liability of $8.8 million.
Because the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, we use our incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of lease payments. Information
related to our right-of-use asset and related lease liability were as follows:
(in thousands)
Right-of-use asset
Operating lease liability (current)
Balance Sheet Classification
Right-of-use lease asset, net
Accounts payable, accrued and other
liabilities
Operating lease liability (non-current)
Long-term lease liability
(in thousands)
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities
40
December 31,
2022
December 31,
2021
7,093 $
7,871
745 $
6,489
7,234 $
718
7,234
7,952
$
$
$
For the Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
$
1,001 $
1,001
Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Future amortization of our lease liability as of December 31, 2022 is expected to be as
follows:
(in thousands)
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
Thereafter
Future lease payments, gross
Less: Imputed interest
Operating lease liability
1,001
1,008
1,035
1,064
1,093
3,160
8,361
(1,127 )
7,234
$
41
9. Debt
On September 9, 2020, Boulder Road sold a 50% undivided interest in a portion of our corporate campus to Westside Boulder, LLC (“Westside”). Boulder Road retained a
50% undivided interest in the property as well as full ownership of our studio and production facilities. Boulder Road received consideration of $13.2 million in the
transaction.
On December 28, 2020, Boulder Road and Westside entered into a loan agreement with First Interstate Bank, as lender, providing for a mortgage loan in the principal amount
of $13.0 million. The mortgage bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.75% per annum, matures on December 28, 2025, is secured by a deed of trust on our corporate campus, a
portion of which is owned by Boulder Road and Westside as tenants-in-common and the remainder of which is owned by Boulder Road. Westside and Boulder Road each
received 50% of the loan proceeds and are each responsible for 50% of the monthly installments. Gaia guaranteed payment of the mortgage. The mortgage is subject to certain
financial covenants related to the underlying property.
On August 25, 2022 (the "Closing Date"), Gaia, as borrower, and certain subsidiaries, as guarantors, entered into a Credit and Security Agreement (the "Credit Agreement")
with KeyBank National Association ("KeyBank"). The Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility in an aggregate amount of up to $10 million with a sublimit
of $1 million available for issuances of letters of credit. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are available for working capital and general corporate purposes, but not to
fund any permitted acquisitions or other investments. On December 31, 2022, $9.0 million was drawn under the Credit Agreement, which is included in Long-term debt, net
on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022.
Loans made, or letters of credit issued, under the Credit Agreement mature on August 25, 2025 and are secured (subject to permitted liens and other exceptions) by a first
priority lien on all business assets, including intellectual property, of Gaia and the subsidiary guarantors.
Any advance under the Credit Agreement shall bear interest at the Daily Simple SOFR rate (subject to a floor of 0.00%), plus, the SOFR Index Adjustment of 0.10%, plus a
margin of 2.00%; provided, that, during the existence of a Benchmark Unavailability Period or a SOFR Unavailability Period, advances shall bear interest at the Base Rate,
which is a fluctuating interest rate per annum equal to the highest of (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, (ii) KeyBank’s “prime rate,” (iii) SOFR and (iv) 3.00%, plus, in
each instance, a margin of 1.00%.
The aggregate outstanding amount of advances under the Credit Agreement is required to be $0 for at least 30 consecutive days during the period commencing on the 12-
month anniversary of the Closing Date and ending on the 24-month anniversary of the Closing Date.
The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants (each with customary exceptions), including limitations on the Company’s ability to incur liens
or debt, make investments, pay dividends, enter into transactions with its affiliates and engage in certain fundamental changes. Additionally, the Credit Agreement requires
Gaia to maintain a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of not less than 1.20 to 1.00 and to not permit the Leverage Ratio to exceed 1.50 to 1.00 for any computation period.
Maturities on long-term debt, net are as follows:
(in thousands)
2023
2024
2025
150
156
14,801
15,107
$
42
10. Contingencies
From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings that we consider to be in the normal course of business. We record accruals for losses related to those matters against
us that we consider to be probable and that can be reasonably estimated. Based on available information, in the opinion of management, settlements, arbitration awards and
final judgments, if any, that are considered probable of being rendered against us in litigation or arbitration in existence at December 31, 2022 and that can be reasonably
estimated are either reserved against or would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
SEC Investigation
In June 2020, Gaia received a request for voluntary production of documents in an investigation by the staff of the Denver Regional Office (the “Staff”) of the U.S. Securities
and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Since that time, Gaia has responded to the initial voluntary requests and subsequent subpoenas issued by the Staff. In September
2022, Gaia and Gaia's Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) reached an agreement in principle with the Staff on a framework for a complete resolution of the investigation. The
agreement in principle contemplates that Gaia would consent, without admitting or denying any findings, to the entry of an administrative order: (1) finding that Gaia (a)
misstated in its April 29, 2019 earnings release and earnings call the number of paying subscribers for the period ending March 31, 2019, a quarter during which Gaia
extended a free month of service to certain subscribers in the midst of a transition to a new enterprise-wide data system and (b) failed to comply with SEC whistleblower
protection requirements with respect to the termination of one employee and the language used in severance agreements for other employees; and (2) requiring Gaia to pay a
total civil monetary penalty of $2.0 million over a one-year period for these violations. At the same time, the CFO would consent, without admitting or denying any findings,
to the entry of an administrative order: (1) finding that the CFO caused Gaia's misstatements in the April 29, 2019 earnings release and earnings call that is described above;
and (2) requiring the CFO to pay a civil monetary penalty of $0.05 million. The contemplated settlement with Gaia and the CFO involve violations that require only
negligence rather than intentional conduct. There can be no assurance that the contemplated settlement will be finalized and approved. Based on Gaia's agreement in principle
with the Staff, however, Gaia has accrued a liability in the amount of $2.0 million. This liability is included in Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities on the
accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and as a separate line in the consolidated statements of operations.
11. Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed using the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock during the period. Diluted earnings per share is
computed using the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock and, when dilutive, potential shares of common stock outstanding during the period
(“Common stock equivalents”). Common stock equivalents consist of incremental shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock
units utilizing the treasury stock method. The computation of earnings per share is as follows:
(in thousands, except per share data)
Diluted earnings per share:
Net income (loss)
Shares used in computation:
Weighted-average common stock outstanding
Common stock equivalents
Weighted-average number of shares
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
For the Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
$
(3,095 ) $
20,716
—
20,716
(0.15 ) $
$
43
3,731
19,307
527
19,834
0.19
Employee stock options with exercise prices greater than the average market price of the common stock were excluded from the diluted calculation as their inclusion would
have been anti-dilutive. The following table summarizes the potential shares of common stock excluded from the diluted calculation:
(in thousands)
For the Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
Employee stock options and restricted stock units
336
15
12. Shareholders’ Equity
Our common stock has two classes, Class A and Class B. Each holder of our Class A common stock is entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a
vote of shareholders. Each holder of our Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders. There are no cumulative voting
rights. All holders of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock vote as a single class on all matters that are submitted to the shareholders for a vote, except as
provided by law or as set forth in our charter. Shareholders may consent to an action in writing and without a meeting under certain circumstances. Jirka Rysavy, our
chairman and CEO, holds 100% of our 5,400,000 outstanding shares of Class B common stock and also owns 475,061 shares of Class A common stock. Consequently, our
chairman holds approximately 78% of our voting stock and is able to exert substantial influence over and to control matters requiring approval by shareholders, including the
election of directors, increasing our authorized capital stock, or a merger or sale of substantially all of our assets. As a result of Mr. Rysavy’s control of us, no change of
control can occur without Mr. Rysavy’s consent.
Our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock are entitled to receive dividends, if any, as may be declared by our board of directors out of legally available
funds. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Gaia, our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock are entitled to share ratably in our assets
remaining after the payment of all of our debts and other liabilities. Holders of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock have no preemptive, subscription or
redemption rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our Class A common stock or our Class B common stock.
Our Class B common stock may not be transferred unless converted into our Class A common stock, other than certain transfers to affiliates, a trust, family members, and
charitable organizations. Shares of our Class B common stock are convertible one-for-one into shares of our Class A common stock, at the option of the holder of the Class B
common stock.
During 2022 and 2021, we issued shares of our Class A common stock as shown in the table below under our 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and the
2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2009 Plan”).
Shares issued to independent directors for vesting of restricted stock
units issued for services rendered, in lieu of cash compensation
Shares issued to employees upon exercise of stock options, vesting
of restricted stock units, and employee stock purchase program
As of December 31, 2022, we had the following Class A common shares reserved for future issuance:
Conversion of Class B common stock
Reserved under the ESPP
Stock options outstanding under the 2009 Plan
Restricted stock units outstanding under the 2009 Plan
Restricted stock units outstanding under the 2019 Plan
Total shares reserved for future issuance
44
For the Years Ended December 31,
2022
2021
19,066
19,184
325,783
116,393
5,400,000
243,186
224,196
201,882
631,602
6,700,866
13. Share-Based Compensation
The Company’s 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) became effective on April 29, 2019. The purpose of the ESPP is to provide eligible employees an
opportunity to purchase shares of our Class A common stock over time through regular payroll deductions. The ESPP initially reserved and authorized the issuance of up to a
total of 300,000 shares of our Class A common stock to participating employees, subject to certain adjustments. The number of shares of Class A common stock available for
issuance under the ESPP will be increased on the first day of each year beginning with 2020 in an amount equal to the number of shares issued under the ESPP in the prior
year. No participant may purchase more than 1,000 shares of our Class A common stock during any offering period under the ESPP. In addition, under applicable tax rules,
an employee may purchase no more than $25,000 worth of shares of our Class A common stock, valued at the start of the offering period, under the ESPP for each calendar
year.
On April 29, 2019, the 2019 Plan became effective. This replaced the 2009 Plan, which lost the authority to grant new options under the 2009 Plan on April 23, 2019. The
purpose of the 2019 Plan is to advance the interests of our company and its shareholders by providing incentives to certain employees and other key individuals who perform
services for us, including those who contribute significantly to the strategic and long-term performance objectives and growth of our company. No more than 1.8 million
shares of our Class A common stock, subject to certain adjustments, may be issued under the 2019 Plan, and the 2019 Plan terminates no later than April 25, 2029.
In 2015, we commenced issuing restricted stock units ("RSUs"). The RSUs entitle the recipient to receive one share of Class A common stock for each RSU upon vesting.
The RSUs are issued with cliff vesting in five years for employees and one year for directors, provided that the recipient is still an employee or director of Gaia on such date.
The RSUs will be automatically forfeited and of no further force and effect if the vesting conditions are not met. We use intrinsic value method for RSUs, which due to the
nature of these awards, is typically market price of our common stock on the date of grant. No options were granted during 2022 or 2021. The exercise price of our legacy
outstanding options is generally equal to the closing market price of our stock at the date of the grant. We recognize the compensation expense related to share-based payment
awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which are generally five years for employees, and one year for board members.
The table below presents a summary of activity under the 2009 Plan and the 2019 Plan, as of December 31, 2022, and changes during the year then ended:
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Outstanding at January 1, 2022
Restricted stock unit grants
Exercised options
Restricted stock unit vesting
Cancelled or forfeited restricted stock units and options
Outstanding at December 31, 2022
Exercisable options at December 31, 2022
The table below presents our valuation data:
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Valuation Data:
Weighted-average fair value (per share)
Total stock-based compensation expense
Total income tax impact on provision
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price Per
Share
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Shares
1,227,838 $
198,777
—
(332,889 )
(36,046 )
1,057,680 $
224,196 $
8.18
—
—
—
8.17
8.17
3.6 $
3.6 $
2,517
—
2022
2021
$
$
$
3.62
1,821
1,071
$
$
$
9.96
1,710
1,299
45
The table below presents our outstanding RSUs by vest date:
Vest Date
January 1, 2023
April 30, 2023
March 31, 2024
March 31, 2026
March 31, 2027
RSUs
8,196
45,268
193,686
468,825
117,509
833,484
During 2022 and 2021, we recognized approximately $1.8 million and $1.7 million, respectively, of share-based compensation expense. Total share-based compensation
expense is reported in selling and operating expenses and corporate, general and administration expenses on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. There were
no options exercised during 2022. During 2021, 90,000 options were exercised and we received approximately $0.6 million in cash from exercises. We issue new shares upon
the exercise of options and vesting of RSUs. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2021 was approximately $0.35 million. The total fair value of options vested
was $ 0.001 million and $0.01 million during 2022 and 2021, respectively.
As of December 31, 2022, there was $3.9 million of unrecognized cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the 2009 and 2019 Plans.
We expect that cost to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.95 years.
14. Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes is comprised of the following:
(in thousands)
Current:
Federal
State
Total current
Deferred:
Federal
State
Total deferred
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
Variations from the federal statutory rate are as follows:
(in thousands)
Expected federal income tax benefit at statutory rate
of 21% in 2022 and 2021
Effect of permanent other differences
Goodwill
Return to provision adjustments
State income tax expense (benefit), net of federal benefit tax assets
Valuation allowance
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
46
For the Years Ended December 31,
2021
2022
— $
—
—
189
13
202
202 $
For the Years Ended December 31,
2021
2022
(533 ) $
79
—
220
(38 )
474
202 $
—
16
16
(1,892 )
(135 )
(2,027 )
(2,011 )
361
3
(2,079 )
58
26
(380 )
(2,011 )
$
$
$
$
Deferred income taxes reflect net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts
used for income tax purposes. The components of the net accumulated deferred income tax assets (liabilities) are as follows:
(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets (liabilities):
Stock-based compensation
Depreciation and amortization
Legal accrual
Net operating loss carryforward
Charitable carryforward
Right of use lease asset
Long-term lease
Other
Tax credits
Valuation allowance
Total deferred tax liabilities, net of valuation allowance
The source of income before income taxes are as follows:
(in thousands)
Domestic
As of December 31,
2022
2021
1,085 $
(3,635 )
653
17,159
3
(1,596 )
1,460
187
300
(16,115 )
(499 ) $
1,299
(3,319 )
—
16,427
15
(1,771 )
1,628
446
300
(15,334 )
(309 )
$
$
2022
2021
$
(2,533 ) $
1,720
Periodically, we perform assessments of the realization of our net deferred tax assets considering all available evidence, both positive and negative. We determined that a
valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets of $16.1 million and $15.3 million for 2022 and 2021, respectively, was necessary due to the cumulative loss incurred over
a three-year period. We have federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $76.2 million and $25.4 million, respectively, of which $2.2 million in
federal net operating losses expire after 2037. Net operating losses generated in 2018 and beyond do not expire.
We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities,
based on the technical merits of the position. We measure the tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position based on the largest benefit
that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. The application of income tax law is inherently complex. Laws and regulations in this area
are voluminous and are often ambiguous. As such, we are required to make many subjective assumptions and judgments regarding our income tax exposures. Interpretations
of and guidance surrounding income tax law and regulations change over time and may result in changes to our subjective assumptions and judgments which can materially
affect amounts recognized in our consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of operations.
The result of our assessment of our uncertain tax positions did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Our federal and state tax returns for all
years after 2015 are subject to future examination by tax authorities for all our tax jurisdictions. We recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in interest
and other income (expense) and corporate, general and administrative expenses, respectively.
47
15. Segment Information and Geographic Information
As discussed in Note 2, our chief operating decision maker reviews operating results on a consolidated basis and we therefore have one reportable segment.
Geographic Information
We have members in the United States and over 185 foreign countries. The major geographic territories are the U.S., Canada and Australia based on the billing location of the
member.
The following represents geographical data for our operations:
(in thousands)
Revenue:
United States
International
For the Years Ended December 31,
2021
2022
$
$
47,536 $
34,499
82,035 $
44,283
35,290
79,573
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as
defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on that evaluation, our Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K
were effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act, is recorded,
processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated
and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required
disclosures.
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will
prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the
control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to
their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if
any, within Gaia have been detected.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to
materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial
reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, the effectiveness of our controls in future periods is uncertain and subject to the risk that
48
controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 using the criteria set forth in 2013 by the Committee of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in its “Internal Control-Integrated Framework.” Based on that assessment, our management concluded that, as of
December 31, 2022, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
We incorporate herein the information required by this Item by reference to our Proxy Statement for our Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be held on April 20, 2023, to be
filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a Code of Ethics applicable to our employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer and persons
performing similar functions. We have posted a copy of our Code of Ethics on the "Governance" section of our website at http://ir.gaia.com/governance-docs. Our full board of
directors must approve in advance any waivers of the Code of Ethics with respect to any executive officer or director. We will post any amendments or waivers from our Code
of Ethics that apply to our executive officers and directors on the “Governance” section of our internet website located at http://ir.gaia.com/governance-docs.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
We incorporate herein the information required by this Item by reference to our Proxy Statement for our Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be held on April 20, 2023, to be
filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
We incorporate herein the information required by this Item by reference to our Proxy Statement for our Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be held on April 20, 2023, to be
filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
See Part II, Item 5 for information regarding securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
We incorporate herein the information required by this Item by reference to our Proxy Statement for our Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be held on April 20, 2023, to be
filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
We incorporate herein the information required by this Item by reference to our Proxy Statement for our Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be held on April 20, 2023, to be
filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A.
49
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Documents filed as part of this report are as follows:
1.Consolidated Financial Statements.
See listing of Consolidated Financial Statements included as part of this Form 10-K in Item 8 of Part II.
2.Exhibits:
The following exhibits are incorporated by reference or are filed or furnished with this report as indicated below:
Exhibit No.
Description
2.1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
10.1*
10.2*
10.3*
10.5
10.6*
10.7*
10.8*
10.9*
Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of December 22, 2021, by and among Gaia, Inc., YI Merger Sub I, Inc., YI Merger Sub II, LLC, and Yoga
International Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of Gaia’s Form 8-K filed on December 23, 2021 (No. 000-27517)
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Gaiam, Inc. (now known as Gaia, Inc.) dated October 24, 1999 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
3.1 of Gaia’s Form 10-Q filed August 9, 2016).
Articles of Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Gaiam, Inc. (now known as Gaia, Inc.) dated October 4, 2006
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of Gaia’s Form 10-Q filed August 9, 2016).
Articles of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Gaia, Inc., dated July 14, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
3.3 of Gaia’s Form 10-Q filed August 9, 2016).
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Gaiam, Inc. (now known as Gaia, Inc.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Gaiam’s Form 8-K filed November
30, 2007).
Form of Gaia, Inc. Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Gaia’s Form S-8 filed April 29, 2019).
Description of the Registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.2 of Gaia’s Form 10-K filed February 24, 2020).
Gaiam, Inc. (now known as Gaia, Inc.) 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan, dated January 15, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A of Gaiam’s
proxy statement filed March 13, 2009 (No. 000-27517)).
Form of Employee Stock Option Agreement, under Gaiam’s (now known as Gaia) 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.15 of Gaiam’s Form 10-K filed March 16, 2010 (No. 000-27517)).
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Awards Agreement under Gaiam’s (now known as Gaia) 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 of Gaiam’s Form 8-K filed July 8, 2016 (No. 000-27517)).
Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 of Gaiam’s (now known as Gaia) Form 10-K filed March 31, 2014 (No.
000-27517)).
Gaia, Inc. 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan, dated April 25, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A of Gaia’s proxy statement filed March 8, 2019
(No. 000-27517)).
Gaia, Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, dated April 25, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit B of Gaia’s proxy statement filed March 8,
2019 (No. 000-27517)).
Form of Employee Stock Option Agreement, under Gaia’s 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of Gaia’s Form 10-
K filed February 24, 2020 (No. 000-27517)).
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Awards Agreement under Gaia’s 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of Gaia’s
Form 10-K filed February 24, 2020 (No. 000-27517)).
50
Exhibit No.
Description
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
21.1
23.1
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
Master Lease dated as of September 9, 2020, between Boulder Road LLC, as lessee, and Boulder Road LLC and Westside Boulder, LLC, tenants in
common, as lessors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of Gaia’s Form 8-K filed September 10, 2020 (No. 000-27517)).
Loan Agreement dated as of December 28, 2020, between Boulder Road LLC and Westside Boulder Road, LLC, as borrower, and Great Western Bank,
as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Gaia’s Form 8-K filed January 4, 2021 (No. 000-27517)).
Unconditional Guaranty of Payment dated as of December 28, 2020, between Gaia, Inc., as guarantor and Great Western Bank, as lender (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of Gaia’s Form 8-K filed January 4, 2021 (No. 000-27517)).
Credit and Security Agreement by and among Gaia, Inc., as Borrower, The Subsidiary Guarantors from time to time party hereto, and KeyBank National
Association, as Lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Gaia's Form 8-K filed August 26, 2022 (No. 000-27517)).
List of Gaia, Inc. Subsidiaries (filed herewith).
Consent of Independent Registered Accounting Firm (filed herewith)
Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filed herewith).
Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filed herewith).
Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002 (furnished herewith).
Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002 (furnished herewith).
101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.DEF
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
101.LAB
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File
* Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None
51
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
SIGNATURES
GAIA, INC.
By:
/s/ Jirka Rysavy
Jirka Rysavy
Chief Executive Officer
March 6, 2023
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities
and on the dates indicated.
Signature
Title
Date
/s/ Jirka Rysavy
Jirka Rysavy
/s/ James Colquhoun
James Colquhoun
/s/ Kristin Frank
Kristin Frank
/s/ David Maisel
David Maisel
/s/ Keyur Patel
Keyur Patel
/s/ Paul Sutherland
Paul Sutherland
/s/ Anaa Udaybabu
Anaa Udaybabu
/s/ Paul Tarell
Paul Tarell
Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
52
March 6, 2023
March 6, 2023
March 6, 2023
March 6, 2023
March 6, 2023
March 6, 2023
March 6, 2023
March 6, 2023
GAIA, INC.
SUBSIDIARIES
Subsidiaries
Boulder Road, LLC
Gaia International, Inc.
Gaia Studios, Inc.
Yoga International, LLC
All subsidiaries are 100% owned by Gaia, Inc.
Exhibit 21.1
State or Country of Incorporation or
Registration
State of Colorado
State of Colorado
State of Colorado
State of Pennsylvania
This list omits subsidiaries which, considered in the aggregate, would not constitute a significant subsidiary.
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Exhibit 23.1
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-231112 and 333-161450) and the Registration Statement on Form S-
3 (No. 333-255734), of Gaia Inc. of our report dated March 6, 2023 relating to the consolidated financial statements which appears in this Form 10-K for the years ended
December 31, 2022 and 2021.
March 6, 2023
/s/ ArmaninoLLP
Dallas, Texas
Exhibit 31.1
I, Jirka Rysavy, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, of Gaia, Inc.;
CERTIFICATION
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of
the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results
of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e)
and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material
information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which
this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure
controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the
registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control
over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and
the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely
affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial
reporting.
Date: March 6, 2023
/s/ Jirka Rysavy
Jirka Rysavy
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Exhibit 31.2
I, Paul Tarell, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, of Gaia, Inc.;
CERTIFICATION
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of
the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results
of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e)
and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material
information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which
this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure
controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the
registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control
over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and
the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely
affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial
reporting.
Date: March 6, 2023
/s/ Paul Tarell
Paul Tarell
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
CERTIFICATION OF CEO PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 32.1
In connection with the report of Gaia, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Jirka Rysavy, Chief Executive Officer, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: March 6, 2023
/s/ Jirka Rysavy
Jirka Rysavy
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
CERTIFICATION OF CFO PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 32.2
In connection with the report of Gaia, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Paul Tarell, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: March 6, 2023
/s/ Paul Tarell
Paul Tarell
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)