Quarterlytics / Utilities / Regulated Water / Global Water Resources, Inc.

Global Water Resources, Inc.

gwrs · NASDAQ Utilities
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Ticker gwrs
Exchange NASDAQ
Sector Utilities
Industry Regulated Water
Employees 122
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FY2016 Annual Report · Global Water Resources, Inc.
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Global Water Resources, Inc.
21410 N 19th Avenue, Suite 220
Phoenix, AZ 85027 USA
gwresources.com

2016 Annual Report

REGULATED REVENUE GROWTH 
REGULATED REVENUE GROWTH 
($ IN MILLIONS)
($ IN MILLIONS)

APPROVED RATE ORDER THAT ALLOWS US TO 
INCREASE RATES EVERY YEAR UNTIL 2021

APPROVED RATE ORDER THAT ALLOWS US TO 
INCREASE RATES EVERY YEAR UNTIL 2021

20.9%

20.9%

CAGR 
CAGR 
(2004 – 2016)
(2004 – 2016)

Market
Downturn

Market
Downturn

$1.9M

$1.9M

~6.4%

~6.4%

of additional annualized 
revenue based on 2016 
connections

of additional annualized 
revenue based on 2016 
connections

increase over 2016 
revenue (excluding 
Willow revenue)

increase over 2016 
revenue (excluding 
Willow revenue)

Phased in Revenue Increase

Phased in Revenue Increase

$35M

$35M

$32.0 $32.2
$32.0 $32.2
$
$
$31 3
$31.3
$30.7
$30.7

$29.7

$4.5M

$4.5M

$ in millions

$ in millions

$31.3
$31 3

$29.7

$4.0M

$4.0M

$30M

$30M

$28.5

$28.5

$25M

$25M

$20M

$20M

$19.1

$22.7

$22.7

$19.3

$19.4
$19.1

$19.4

$19.3

$15M

$15M

$14.8

$14.8

$10M

$10.2
$10M

$10.2

$5M

$5M

$3.1

$3.1

N
O
I
T
I
S
O
P
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I
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L
L
A
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$2.0M

$2.0M

$2.2M

$2.2M

$1.5M

$1.5M

$1.0M

$1.0M
$1.2M

$1.2M

$0.5M

$0.5M

$3.5M

$3.5M

$3.0M

$3.0M

$2.5M

$2.5M

$3.3M

$3.3M

$2.9M

$2.9M

$2.6M

$2.6M

$4.1M

$4.1M

$3.7M

$3.7M

$0M

$0M
5
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

4
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

5
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

8
0
0
2

1
1
0
2

9
0
0
2

2
1
0
2

0
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

3
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6
1
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4
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5
1
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6
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$0.0M

$0.0M
2015 2016 2017P 2018P 2019P 2020P 2021P

2015 2016 2017P 2018P 2019P 2020P 2021P

Based on 2016 connections, excluding Valencia and Willow Valley.

Based on 2016 connections, excluding Valencia and Willow Valley.

DIVIDEND POLICY & HISTORY 
DIVIDEND POLICY & HISTORY 
SINCE U.S. IPO
SINCE U.S. IPO

AVERAGE ACTIVE CONNECTION GROWTH OF 
3.0% AND PERMITS ARE ACCELERATING

AVERAGE ACTIVE CONNECTION GROWTH OF 
3.0% AND PERMITS ARE ACCELERATING

$0.27

$0.27

3.1%

3.1%

current annual dividend 
(paid monthly)

current annual dividend 
(paid monthly)

dividend yield
(as of 3/24/2017)

dividend yield
(as of 3/24/2017)

37,387

37,387

3.0%

3.0%

active service connections 
December 2016

active service connections 
December 2016

CAGR 
CAGR 
(Dec 2011 – Dec 2016)
(Dec 2011 – Dec 2016)

$0.28 

$0.28 

$0.27 

$0.27 

$0.26 
$0 26

$0.26 
$0 26

$0.25 

$0.25 

$0.23 

$0.23 

$0.22 

$0.22 
6
1
-
y
a
M

$0.24 

$0.24 
$0.24  $0.24 

$0.24  $0.24 

40,000 

40,000 

Total Active

Total Active

Total Connections

Total Connections

38,026 

38,026 

$0.27 

$0.27 

37,500 

37,500 

$0.26  $0.26  $0.26  $0.26  $0.26 
$0 26
$0 26
$0 26

$0.26  $0.26  $0.26  $0.26  $0.26 
$0 26
$0 26
$0 26

$0 26

$0 26

$0 26

$0 26

37,387 

37,387 

35,000 

35,000 
31,672

31,672

32,500 

32,500 

30,000 

30,000 
31,630 

31,630 

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27,500 

27,500 
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Adjusted for Willow Valley and Valencia disposition.

Adjusted for Willow Valley and Valencia disposition.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

Trevor T. Hill 

Trevor T. Hill 

Chairman of the Board, Co-founder 

Chairman of the Board, Co-founder 

Phoenix, Arizona, USA 

Phoenix, Arizona, USA 

Ron L. Fleming

Ron L. Fleming

President, Chief Executive Officer  

President, Chief Executive Officer  

and Director

and Director

Phoenix, Arizona, USA 

Phoenix, Arizona, USA 

William S. Levine 

William S. Levine 

Co-founder & Independent Director 

Co-founder & Independent Director 

Phoenix, Arizona, USA 

Phoenix, Arizona, USA 

David Tedesco 

David Tedesco 

Independent Director 

Independent Director 

Scottsdale, Arizona, USA 

Scottsdale, Arizona, USA 

Richard M. Alexander 

Richard M. Alexander 

Independent Director 

Independent Director 

Calgary, Alberta, Canada 

Calgary, Alberta, Canada 

L. Rita Theil 

L. Rita Theil 

Independent Director 

Independent Director 

Aurora, Ontario, Canada 

Aurora, Ontario, Canada 

Cindy M. Bowers 

Cindy M. Bowers 

Director

Director

Grenada, Mississippi, USA 

Grenada, Mississippi, USA 

pp ,

pp ,

,

,

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS 

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS 

Ron L. Fleming

Ron L. Fleming

President, Chief Executive Officer  

President, Chief Executive Officer  

and Director

and Director

Mike Liebman 

Mike Liebman 

Senior Vice President and 

Senior Vice President and 

Chief Financial Officer 

Chief Financial Officer 

INVESTOR INFORMATION 

INVESTOR INFORMATION 

Ron Both 

Ron Both 

Investor Relations, CMA 

Investor Relations, CMA 

949.432.7566

949.432.7566

rb@cma.bz

rb@cma.bz

Stock Exchange Listings

Stock Exchange Listings

NASDAQ 

NASDAQ 

Stock symbol: GWRS 

Stock symbol: GWRS 

The Toronto Stock Exchange 

The Toronto Stock Exchange 

Stock symbol: GWR 

Stock symbol: GWR 

Transfer Agent & Registrar

Transfer Agent & Registrar

Continental Stock Transfer & Trust

Continental Stock Transfer & Trust

17 Battery Place

17 Battery Place

New York, NY 10004

New York, NY 10004

 
 
 
 
 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)
 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016

OR

 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______________ to _______________

Commission File Number: 001-37756

Global Water Resources, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

21410 N. 19th Avenue #220, Phoenix, AZ
(Address of principal executive offices)

90-0632193
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

85027
(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (480) 360-7775

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC
(NASDAQ Global Select Market)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined by Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes   No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 of Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes   No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for 
the past 90 days.   Yes   No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required 
to  be  submitted  and  posted  pursuant  to  Rule  405  of  Regulation  S-T  (§  232.405  of  this  chapter)  during  the  preceding  12  months  (or  for  such  shorter  period  that  the 
registrant was required to submit and post such files).   Yes   No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best 
of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the 

definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer


 (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company




Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes   No

The  aggregate  market  value  of  the  common  stock  held  by  non-affiliates  of  the  registrant  as  of  the  last  business  day  of  the  registrant’s  most  recently 
completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2016) was $172.3 million based upon the closing sale price of the registrant’s common stock as reported on the NASDAQ 
Global Select Market. As of March 10, 2017, the registrant had 19,581,266 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.

The information required by Part III of this From 10-K, to the extent not set forth herein, is incorporated herein by reference to the registrant’s definitive 
proxy statement relating to the 2017 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the end of 
the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

-1-

 
On April 28, 2016, Global Water Resources, Inc. effected a 100.68 to 1.00 stock split. Certain prior period information has 
been adjusted to conform to the current year presentation to reflect the stock split. All share and per share amounts presented within 
the  financial  statements  and  management’s  discussion  and  analysis  of  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations  have  been 
retrospectively adjusted to reflect the impact of the stock split.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I.
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3. 
Item 4.
PART II.
Item 5.

Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 8.
Item 9. 
Item 9A.
Item 9B. 
PART III.
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
PART IV.
Item 15.
Item 16.
Signatures
Exhibit Index

Business
Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 

Securities

Selected Financial Data
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information

Directors, Executive Officers of the Registrant and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Form 10-K Summary

3
15
31
31
31
31

32
34
35
52
81
81
81

81
81
82
82
82

82
82
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84

-2-

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain  statements  in  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  (this  “Form  10-K”)  of  Global  Water  Resources,  Inc.  (the 
“Company”,  “GWRI”,  “we”,  or  “us”)  and  documents  incorporated  herein  by  reference  are  forward-looking  in  nature  and  may 
constitute  “forward-looking  information”  within  the  meaning  of  applicable  securities  laws.  Often,  but  not  always,  forward-looking 
statements can be identified by the words “believes”, “anticipates”, “plans”, “expects”, “intends”, “projects”, “estimates”, “objective”, 
“goal”,  “focus”,  “aim”,  “should”,  “could”,  “may”,  and  similar  expressions.  These  forward-looking  statements  include,  but  are  not 
limited  to,  statements  about  our  strategies;  expectations  about  future  business  plans,  prospective  performance,  and  opportunities, 
including  potential  acquisitions;  future  financial  performance;  population  and  growth  projections;  technologies;  revenues;  metrics; 
operating  expenses;  market  trends,  including  those  in  the  markets  in  which  we  operate;  liquidity;  cash  flows  and  uses  of  cash; 
dividends; amount and timing of capital expenditures; depreciation and amortization; tax payments; hedging arrangements; our ability 
to repay indebtedness and invest in initiatives; impact and resolutions of legal matters; and the impact of accounting changes and other 
pronouncements.  Forward-looking  statements  should  not  be  read  as  guarantees  of  future  performance  or  results,  and  will  not 
necessarily  be  accurate  indications  of  whether  or  not,  or  the  times  at  or  by  which,  such  performance  or  results  will  be  achieved. 
Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking information. A number of factors could cause actual results to 
differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the factors discussed under 
“Risk  Factors”  in  Item  1A  of  this  Form  10-K  and  future  reports  that  we  file  from  time  to  time  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange 
Commission  (“SEC”).  Although  the  forward-looking  statements  are  based  upon  what  management  believes  to  be  reasonable 
assumptions,  investors  cannot  be  assured  that  actual  results  will  be  consistent  with  these  forward-looking  statements,  and  the 
differences may be material. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly release the results of any revision to 
these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence 
of unanticipated events.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

We  are  a  water  resource  management  company  that  owns,  operates,  and  manages  water,  wastewater,  and  recycled  water 
utilities  in  strategically  located  communities,  principally  in  metropolitan  Phoenix,  Arizona.  We  seek  to  deploy  our  integrated 
approach, which we refer to as "Total Water Management," a term we use to mean managing the entire water cycle by owning and 
operating  the  water,  wastewater,  and  recycled  water  utilities  within  the  same  geographic  areas  in  order  to  both  conserve  water  and 
maximize its total economic and social value. We use Total Water Management to promote sustainable communities in areas where 
we expect growth to outpace the existing potable water supply. Our model focuses on the broad issues of water supply and scarcity 
and applies principles of water conservation through water reclamation and reuse. Our basic premise is that the world's water supply is 
limited and yet can be stretched significantly through effective planning, the use of recycled water, and by providing individuals and 
communities resources that promote wise water usage practices.

We  currently  own  eight  water  and  wastewater  utilities  in  strategically  targeted  communities  in  metropolitan  Phoenix.  We 
currently  serve  more  than  50,000  people  in  approximately  19,000  homes  within  our  328  square  miles  of  certificated  service  areas, 
which  are  serviced  by  four  wholly-owned  regulated  operating  subsidiaries  as  of  December 31,  2016.  Approximately  98.9%  of  our 
active service connections are customers of our Santa Cruz Water Company, LLC (“Santa Cruz”) and Palo Verde Utilities Company, 
LLC (“Palo Verde”) utilities, which are located within a single service area. We have grown significantly since our formation in 2003, 
with total revenues increasing from $4.9 million in 2004 to $29.8 million in 2016, and total service connections increasing from 8,113 
as of December 31, 2004 to 38,026 as of December 31, 2016, with regionally planned areas large enough to serve approximately two 
million service connections.

Our Corporate History 

Global  Water  Resources,  LLC  (“GWR”)  was  organized  in  2003  to  acquire,  own,  and  manage  a  portfolio  of  water  and 
wastewater utilities in the southwestern region of the United States (“U.S.”). Global Water Management, LLC (“GWM”) was formed 
as  an  affiliated  company  to  provide  business  development,  management,  construction  project  management,  operations,  and 
administrative services to GWR and all of its regulated subsidiaries. 

In early  2010, the  members  of GWR  made  the decision  to raise  money  through the  capital  markets,  and GWR  and GWM 
were reorganized to form Global Water Resources, Inc., a Delaware corporation. The members established a new entity, GWR Global 
Water Resources Corp. (“GWRC”), which was incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) on March 23, 
2010  to  acquire  shares  of  our  common  stock  and  to  actively  participate  in  our  management,  business,  and  operations  through  its 
representation  on  our  board  of  directors  and  its  shared  management.  On  December 30,  2010,  GWRC  completed  its  initial  public 
offering in Canada and its common shares were listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. 

On May 3, 2016, GWRC merged with and into the Company (the “Reorganization Transaction”). At the effective time of the 
merger, holders of GWRC’s common shares received one share of the Company’s common stock for each outstanding common share 

-3-

of GWRC. As a result of the merger, GWRC ceased to exist as a British Columbia corporation and the Company, governed by the 
corporate  laws  of  the  State  of  Delaware,  was  the  surviving  entity.  The  Reorganization  Transaction  was  conditional  upon  the 
concurrent completion of an initial public offering of shares of common stock of the Company in the U.S. (the “U.S. IPO”), which 
was completed on May 3, 2016.

“Emerging Growth Company” Reporting Requirements 

The Company qualifies as an "emerging growth company" as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the "JOBS 
Act").  For  as  long  as  the  Company  is  deemed  to  be  an  emerging  growth  company,  the  Company  may  take  advantage  of  certain 
exemptions  from  various  regulatory  reporting  requirements  that  are  applicable  to  other  public  companies.  Among  other  things,  the 
Company  is  not  required  to  (i) provide  an  auditor's  attestation  report  on  the  effectiveness  of  our  system  of  internal  control  over 
financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”); (ii) comply with any new 
rules that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board ("PCAOB") requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or 
a supplement to the auditor's report in which the auditor would be required to provide additional information about the audit and the 
financial statements of the issuer; (iii) comply with any new audit rules adopted by the PCAOB after April 5, 2012 unless the SEC 
determines otherwise; (iv) comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards applicable to public companies until such 
standards are also applicable to private companies under Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act; (v) provide certain disclosure regarding 
executive compensation required of larger public companies; or (vi) hold a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and 
obtain stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. 

As an emerging growth company, the Company has elected to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying 
with new or revised accounting standards until such standards are also applicable to private companies. As a result of this election, our 
financial statements may not be comparable with any other public company that is not an emerging growth company (or an emerging 
growth company that has opted out of using the extended transition provision). 

The Company will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the first fiscal year in which 
our total annual gross revenues exceed $1 billion; (ii) the date on which the Company is deemed to be a "large accelerated filer," as 
defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or any successor statute, which 
would occur if the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of 
our most recently completed second fiscal quarter; (iii) the date on which the Company issues more than $1 billion in non-convertible 
debt during the preceding three-year period; or (iv) the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale 
of  our  common  stock  pursuant  to  an  effective  registration  statement  filed  under  the  Securities  Act  of  1933,  as  amended  (the 
“Securities Act”). 

U.S. Water Industry Overview 

U.S. Water Industry Areas of Business 

The U.S. water industry has two main areas of business: 

 Utility  Services  to  Customers.  This  business  includes  municipal  water  and  wastewater  utilities,  which  are  owned  and 
operated  by  local  governments  or  governmental  subdivisions,  and  investor-owned  water and  wastewater  utilities. 
Investor-owned  water  and  wastewater  utilities  are  generally  economically  regulated,  including  with  respect  to  rate 
regulation, by public utility commissions in the states in which they operate. The utility segment is characterized by high 
barriers to entry, including high capital spending requirements.

 General Water Products and Services. This business includes manufacturing, engineering and consulting companies, and 
numerous  other  fee-for-service  businesses.  The  activities  of  these  businesses  include  the  building,  financing,  and 
operating of water and wastewater utilities, utility repair services, contract operations, laboratory services, manufacturing 
and distribution of infrastructure and technology components, and other specialized services. At present, and upon the 
prior  sale  of  the  FATHOMTM  business  and  the  Loop  303  Contracts  (as  defined  in  “Management’s  Discussion  and 
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Recent Events” in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K), the 
Company no longer performs any of these unregulated services.

Key Characteristics of the U.S. Water Industry 

In the U.S., the water industry is characterized by: 



Significant  Constraints  on  the  Availability  of  Fresh  Water.  In  Arizona,  the  Arizona  Department  of  Water  Resources 
estimates  that  annual  water  usage  is  6.96 million  acre-feet  per  year.  Arizona  has  the  right  to  use  2.8 million  acre-feet 
from the Colorado River and approximately half of that can be delivered through the Central Arizona Project, a 336 mile 

-4-

diversion  canal  from  the  Colorado  River  to  central  Arizona.  The  Colorado  River  is  presently  over-allocated,  which 
means that more surface water right allocations have been issued than the actual average annual flow, with allocations 
being  determined  based  on  data  from  a  period  during  which  flows  were  significantly  higher  than  in  recent  years.  The 
Central  Arizona  Project  is  the  only  means  of  transporting  Colorado  River  water  into  central  Arizona.  Approximately 
43%  of  the  water  used  in  Arizona  comes  from  groundwater.  Water  in  the  western  U.S.  is  being  pumped  from 
groundwater  sources  faster  than  it  is  replenished  naturally,  a  condition  known  as  overdraft.  In  areas  of  water  scarcity, 
such as the arid western U.S., water recycling represents a relatively simple, inexpensive, and energy-efficient means of 
augmenting  water  supply  as  compared  to  transporting  surface  water,  groundwater,  or  desalinated  water  from  other 
locations.  Approximately  70%  of  the  water  provided  by  municipalities  is  currently  used  for  non-potable  applications 
where recycled water could potentially be utilized.



Lack  of  Technology  Utilization  to  Increase  Operating  Efficiencies  and  Decrease  Operating  Costs.  The  U.S.  water 
industry has traditionally not taken advantage of advances in technology available to enhance revenue, increase operating 
efficiencies,  and  decrease  operating  costs  (including  labor  and  energy  costs).  Areas  of  opportunity  include  automated 
meter reading, systems management, and administrative functions, such as customer billing and remittance systems. Key 
drivers  for  the  lack  of  investment  in  technology  in  water  and  wastewater  utilities  have  been  the  historical  lack  of 
incentives offered or standards imposed by regulators to achieve efficiencies and lower costs and the ownership of the 
U.S.  water  utility  sector,  which  largely  consists  of  small,  undercapitalized,  municipally-owned  utilities  that  lack  the 
financial and technical resources to pursue technology opportunities.

 Highly Fragmented Ownership. The utility segment of the U.S. water industry is highly fragmented, with approximately 
52,000  water  utilities  and  approximately  16,000  community  wastewater  utilities,  according  to  the  U.S.  Environmental 
Protection  Agency. The majority  of the approximately  52,000 water utilities  are small,  serving a population  of 500 or 
less, and 82% of the water utilities serve only 8% of the population.





Large Public Sector Ownership. Municipally-owned utilities provide water and wastewater services for the vast majority 
of  the  U.S.  population.  For  homes  connected  to  a  community  water  system,  over  80%  are  provided  service  by 
municipally-owned utilities. For homes connected to a community wastewater system, over 75% are provided service by 
municipally-owned utilities.

Aging Infrastructure in Need of Significant Capital Expenditures. Water infrastructure in the U.S. is aging and requires 
significant investment and stringent focus on cost control to upgrade or replace aging facilities and to provide service to 
growing populations. Throughout the U.S., utilities  are required  to make  expenditures  on the rehabilitation  of existing 
utilities and on the installation of new infrastructure to accommodate growth and make improvements to water quality 
and wastewater  discharges mandated by stricter water quality standards. Water quality standards, first introduced with 
the  Clean  Water  Act  in  1972  and  the  Safe  Drinking  Water  Act  in  1974,  are  becoming  increasingly  stringent  and 
numerous.  For  water,  the  American  Water  Works  Association  estimates  capital  investments  to  restore  aging 
infrastructure  and to build  additional infrastructure  for the  growing population  may  be as much  as $1 trillion  over the 
next  25  years.  The  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers  estimates  capital  investment  needs  to  update  and  grow  the 
nation’s wastewater and storm water systems may be as much as $298 billion over the next twenty years. 

Private Sector Opportunities 

Municipal  water  utilities  typically  fund  their  capital  expenditure  needs  through  user-based  water  and  wastewater  rates, 
municipal taxes, or the issuance of bonds. However, raising large amounts of funds required for capital investment is often challenging 
for municipal water utilities, which affects their ability to fund capital spending. Many smaller utilities also do not have the in-house 
technical  and  engineering  resources  to  manage  significant  infrastructure  or  technology-related  investments.  In  order  to  meet  their 
capital  spending  challenges  and  take  advantage  of  technology-related  operating  efficiencies,  many  municipalities  are  examining  a 
combination of outsourcing and partnerships with the private sector or outright privatizations. 

 Outsourcing involves municipally-owned utilities  contracting with private sector service providers to provide services, 

such as meter reading, billing, maintenance, or asset management services.





Public-private partnerships among government, operating companies, and private investors include arrangements, such 
as design, build, operate contracts; build, own, operate, and transfer contracts; and own, leaseback, and operate contracts.

Privatization  involves  a  transfer  of  responsibility  for,  and  ownership  of,  the  utility  from  the  municipality  to  private 
investors.

We believe investor-owned utilities that have greater access to capital are generally more capable of making mandated and 
other  necessary  infrastructure  upgrades  to  both  water  and  wastewater  utilities,  addressing  increasingly  stringent  environmental  and 

-5-

human health standards, and navigating a wide variety of regulatory processes. In addition, investor-owned utilities that achieve larger 
scales  are  able  to  spread  overhead  expenses  over  a  larger  customer  base,  thereby  reducing  the  costs  to  serve  each  customer.  Since 
many  administrative  and  support  activities  can  be  efficiently  centralized  to  gain  economies  of  scale  and  sharing  of  best  practices, 
companies  that  participate  in  industry  consolidation  have  the  potential  to  improve  operating  efficiencies,  lower  costs,  and  improve 
service at the same time.

Our Strategy 

We  are  a  water  resource  management  company  that  provides  water,  wastewater,  and  recycled  water  utility  services.  We 
believe  we  are  a  leader  in  Total  Water  Management  practices,  such  as  water  scarcity  management  and  advanced  water  recycling 
applications. Our long-term goal is to become one of the largest investor-owned operators of integrated water and wastewater utilities 
in areas of the arid western U.S. where water scarcity management is necessary for long-term economic sustainability and growth. 

Our growth strategy involves the elements listed below: 







acquiring or forming utilities in the path of prospective population growth;

expanding our service areas geographically and organically growing our customer base within those areas; and

deploying our Total Water Management approach into these utilities and service areas.

We  believe  this  plan  can  be  executed  in  our  current  service  areas  and  in  other  geographic  areas  where  water  scarcity 
management is necessary to support long-term growth and in which regulatory authorities recognize the need for water conservation 
through water recycling. 

Total Water Management is a demand-side-management framework (in that it is a solution intended to drive down demand 
for renewable supplies versus develop new renewable water supplies) that alleviates the pressures of water scarcity in communities 
where growth is reasonably expected  to outpace potable water supply. Built on an all-encompassing  view of the water cycle, Total 
Water Management promotes sustainable community development through reduced potable water consumption while monetizing the 
value of water through each stage of delivery, collection, and reuse.

Our  business  model  applies  Total  Water  Management  in  high  growth  communities.  Components  of  our  Total  Water 

Management approach include: 



Regional  planning  to  reduce  overall  design  and  implementation  costs,  leveraging  the  benefits  of  replicable  designs, 
gaining the benefits of economies of scale, and enhancing the Company’s position as a primary water and wastewater 
service provider in the region.

o

For example, the Company has secured three separate area-wide Clean Water Act Section 208 Regional Water 
Quality Management Plans in its major planning areas, covering more than 500 square miles of land. To obtain 
these plans, a provider must develop, amongst other things, a regional wastewater solution, including plans for 
engineering, infrastructure location and size, and goals for the management of treated reclaimed water, which 
the Company successfully demonstrated in obtaining its plans.



Stretching a limited resource by maximizing the use of recycled water, using renewable surface water where available 
and recharging aquifers with any available excess water.

o

For example, the Company’s water recycling model has been fully implemented in the City of Maricopa. The 
Company is the water, wastewater, and recycled water provider for the City of Maricopa, which currently has a 
population  of  approximately  48,000.  A  community  of  this  size  produces  approximately  an  annual  average  of 
2.6 million gallons of wastewater per day. Because the Company requires developers to take back and utilize 
recycled  water  within  their  communities  and  invest  in  “purple  pipe”  recycled  water  infrastructure  during  the 
initial development of subdivisions, the Company is now able to distribute almost all of the 2.6 million gallons 
back  to  the  community  for  beneficial  purposes.  Approximately  60%  of  the  recycled  water  goes  towards 
common area non-potable irrigation, and the remaining 40% is either discharged for agricultural purposes at a 
local farming facility or into an existing dry river bed, which allows for the recycled water to naturally recharge 
into  the  aquifer.  This  reduces  the  total  amount  of  limited  ground  or  surface  water  that  would  otherwise  be 
required within the community by over 25%. To date, the Company has reused 6.0 billion gallons of recycled 
water in the City of Maricopa.

-6-



Integrating  and  standardizing  water,  wastewater,  and  recycled  water  infrastructure  delivery  systems  using  a  separate 
distribution  system  of purple  pipes to conserve  water  resources,  reduce  energy,  treatment, and consumable  costs  (e.g., 
chemicals, filter media, other general materials, and supplies), provide operational efficiencies, and align the otherwise 
disparate objectives of water sales and conservation.

o

In  addition  to  the  previous  example,  which  related  to  the  requirements  for  recycled  water  usage,  the  separate 
distribution system of purple pipes, and water conservation achievements, the Company believes that its model 
results  in  additional  benefits  from  an  economic  perspective  due  to  lower  use  of  power  and  consumables.  For 
every gallon of recycled water that is directly reused while already on land surface, the need to pump additional 
scarce  groundwater  and  surface  water  is  eliminated.  Such  additional  groundwater  and  surface  water  would 
otherwise need to be treated and distributed in accordance with the Safe Drinking Water Act, which is costly 
and requires a lot of energy.

 Gaining  market  and  regulatory  acceptance  of  broad  utilization  of  recycled  water  through  agreements  with  developers, 
strategic  relationships  with  governments,  academic  research,  and  publication  as  industry  experts,  coupled  with  public 
education and community outreach campaigns.

o

For  example,  the  Company  has  public-private  partnerships  formally  adopted  through  memorandums  of 
understanding with the City of Maricopa, the City of Casa Grande, and the City of Eloy. Each memorandum of 
understanding  reflects  the  Company’s  intent  to  deploy  Total  Water  Management.  The  Company  also  has 
154 infrastructure  coordination  and  financing  agreements  with  landowners  or  developer  entities  that  include 
requirements  for  usage  of  recycled  water  and  other  attributes  that  support  the  Company’s  Total  Water 
Management  model.  As  discussed  above,  the  Company’s  integrated  provider  model,  which  is  focused  on  the 
maximum  use  of  recycled  water,  underpins  its  Clean  Water  Act  Section 208  Regional  Water  Quality 
Management  Plans and Designations  of Assured Water Supply. In addition, the Company has won numerous 
awards  for  education,  outreach,  and  conservation  in  the  water  industry.  Further,  the  Company’s  experts  have 
published  academic  papers  regarding  Total  Water  Management,  as  well  as  provided  insight  to  industry 
publications.



Incorporating automated processes, such as supervisory control and data acquisition, automated meter reading, and back-
office  technologies  and  “green”  billing,  which  reduce  operating  costs  and  manpower  requirements,  improve  system 
availability and reliability, and improve customer interface.

o

o

o

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. The Company employs supervisory control and data acquisition in 
all of its utility systems, which provides continuous monitoring, instantaneous alarming, and historical trending 
on all key operating assets, including instrumentation and dynamic components (e.g., pumps, motor controlled 
valves,  treatment  systems,  etc.).  This  data  is  reported  back  to  the  appropriate  operations  personnel  through  a 
standard  industry  software  known  as  Wonderware.  The  benefits  of  this  system  include  the  significantly 
enhanced  ability  to:  achieve  compliance  and  safety  mandates;  reduce  service  outages;  troubleshoot  systems; 
provide for remote operations; and allow for proactive maintenance and lower costs related to efficient real-time 
operations.

Automated  Meter  Reading.  The  Company  implements  automated  meter  reading  by  utilizing  the  FATHOM™ 
platform’s  Automated  Reading  Infrastructure  technology,  with  over  99%  of  all  meters  being  read  by  such 
technology.  This  technology  reads  each  meter  numerous  times  per  day  (often  hourly)  and  continuously 
transmits  the  meter  readings  back  to  a  centralized  data  base  through  a  communications  tower  and  radio 
transmission units. The data is then presented to the utility, and sometimes to customers, through a simple user 
interface. Reading meters at this frequency provides many benefits to both the utility and the customer. With 
this  data,  utilities  can  better  model  demand  usage,  identify  system  water  loss,  identify  leaks  on  the  customer 
side of the meter, monitor for abnormal usage, and present interval, daily, weekly or monthly usage back to the 
customers.

Back-Office Technologies and “Green” Billing. The Company employs a series of technologies that allow for 
the complete automation of the billing and remittance process. The Company also provides its customers with 
over  seven  ways  to  pay,  with  the  majority  of  options  being  integrated  with  the  Company’s  back-office 
technologies. In combination with automated meter reading, this suite of technology has minimized the use of 
human  labor  and  reduced  the  potential  for  human  error  for  the  entire  billing  and  remittance  process,  while 
providing better customer service.

We believe our Total Water Management-based business model provides us with a significant competitive advantage in high 
growth, water scarce regions. Based on our experience and discussions with developers, we believe developers prefer our approach 

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because  it  provides  a  bundled  solution  to  infrastructure  provision  and  improves  housing  density  in  areas  of  scarce  water  resources. 
Developers  are  also  focusing  on  increased  consumer  and  regulatory  demands  for  environmentally  friendly  or  “green”  housing 
alternatives.  Communities  prefer  the  approach  because  it  provides  a  partnering  platform  which  promotes  economic  development, 
reduces their traditional dependence on bond financing and ensures long term water sustainability. 

Our  competitive  advantage  facilitates  the  execution  of  our  growth  strategy.  Our  proven  conservation  methods  lead  to 

successful permitting for more connections in expanded and new service areas. 

Our Regulated Utilities 

We  own  and  operate  regulated  water,  wastewater  and  recycled  water  utilities  in  communities  principally  located  in 
metropolitan Phoenix. Our regulated utilities are regulated by the Arizona Corporation Commission (the “ACC”), as described further 
under  “—Regulation—Arizona  Regulatory  Agencies”  below.  As of December  31, 2016, our utilities  collectively had 37,387 active 
service connections offering predictable rate-regulated cash flows. Revenues from our regulated utilities accounted for approximately 
99.7% of total revenues in 2016. Our utilities currently possess the high-level regional permits that allow us to implement our business 
model; thus, we believe we are well-positioned for organic growth in our current service areas that are generally located in Arizona’s 
strong population growth corridors: Maricopa/Casa Grande, West Valley and Eloy Regions. 

A  key  component  of  our  water  utility  business  is  the  use  of  recycled  water.  Recycled  water  is  highly  treated  and  purified 
wastewater  that  is  distributed  through  a  separate  distribution  system  of  purple  pipes  for  a  variety  of  beneficial,  non-potable  uses. 
Recycled water can be delivered for all common area irrigation needs, as well as delivered direct to homes where it can be used for 
outdoor residential irrigation. Total Water Management model, an integrated approach to the use of potable and non-potable water to 
manage  the  entire  water  cycle,  both  conserves  water  and  maximizes  its  total  economic  value.  The  application  of  the  Total  Water 
Management model has proven to be effective as a means of water scarcity management that promotes sustainable communities and 
helps achieve greater dwelling unit density in areas where the availability of sustainable water can be a key constraint on development. 
Our implementation of the Total Water Management philosophy in Arizona has led to the development of strong relationships with 
key regulatory bodies. 

A summary description of our water utilities at December 31, 2016 is set forth in the following table and described in more 

detail below:

Date of 
Acquisition (A) 
or Formation 
(F)

Square 
Miles of 
Service 
Area (1)

Active 
Service 
Connections

Average 
Monthly Rate 
Per Service 
Connection

Service 
Provided

Company
 MARICOPA / CASA GRANDE REGION    
 Global Water-Santa Cruz Water Company

2004 (A)

  Water

73      

18,592      

 Global Water-Palo Verde Utilities Company  

2004 (A)

Wastewater and 
Recycled Water    

102      

18,374      

 WEST VALLEY REGION
 Water Utility of Greater Tonopah
 Water Utility of Northern Scottsdale

 Balterra Sewer Corp

 Hassayampa Utility Company

2006 (A)
2006 (A)

  Water
  Water

2008 (A)

2005 (F)

Wastewater and 
Recycled Water    
Wastewater and 
Recycled Water    

105      
1      

340      
81      

2      

—      

41      

—      

 ELOY REGION
 Global Water - Picacho Cove Water Company  
 Global Water - Picacho Cove Utilities 
Company

2006 (F)

  Water

2006 (F)

Wastewater and 
Recycled Water    

2      

2      

—      

—      

 Total

328      

37,387      

(1) Certified areas may overlap in whole or in part for separate utilities.

-8-

57 

70 

108 
177 

— 

— 

— 

— 

 
 
   
     
       
       
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
   
       
       
  
 
   
   
       
       
  
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
       
       
  
 
   
   
       
       
  
   
 
 
 
   
   
   
       
       
  
   
   
   
  
Maricopa/Casa Grande Region 

The  City  of  Maricopa  is  located  approximately  12  miles  south  of  Phoenix.  The  relative  proximity  to  a  significant  urban 
center,  coupled  with  relatively  abundant  and  inexpensive  land,  were  the  key  drivers  of  the  real  estate  boom  experienced  by  this 
community. In 2005, the City of Maricopa was one of the fastest growing cities  in the nation. While growth has slowed nationally 
since 2007, the City of Maricopa continues to grow, as demonstrated by our addition of 6,349 active service connections (representing 
approximately  3,000  homes)  from  December  2009  to  December  2016.  Development  in  the  area  is  considered  to  be  affordable  and 
represents one of the few areas within the United States where a new home can be purchased from the mid $100,000s. 

We operate in this region through Santa Cruz and Palo Verde. 

We acquired Santa Cruz and Palo Verde in 2004. Santa Cruz serves 18,592 active service connections as of December 31, 
2016 and revenues from Santa Cruz represented approximately 36.8% and 43.9% of our total revenue for the years ended December 
31, 2015 and 2016, respectively.  Palo Verde serves 18,374 active service connections as of December 31, 2016 and revenues from 
Palo  Verde  represented  approximately  47.0%  and  53.0%  of  our  total  revenue  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2015  and  2016, 
respectively. 

The  Santa  Cruz  and  Palo  Verde  service  areas  include  approximately  175  square  miles,  which  we  believe  provide  further 
opportunities for growth once development returns to these areas and water and wastewater utility services are required. Most of the 
Santa  Cruz  and  Palo  Verde  infrastructure  is  less  than  fifteen  years  old.  Santa  Cruz  and  Palo  Verde  provide  water  and  wastewater 
services,  respectively,  under  an  innovative  public-  private  partnership  memorandum  of  understanding  with  the  City  of  Maricopa  in 
Pinal County for approximately 278 square miles of its planning area. We signed a similar memorandum of understanding with the 
City of Casa Grande to partner in providing water, wastewater, and recycled water services to an approximate 100 square miles of its 
western region for anticipated growth. 

Rate  proceedings  were  completed  in  2010  for  both  Santa  Cruz  and  Palo  Verde.  In  July  2012,  these  two  utilities  filed 
applications with the ACC for increased rates using 2011 as the test year on which the ACC will use to evaluate the utilities’ rates. 
The  rate  proceedings  were  completed  in  February  2014.  See  “Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and 
Results of Operations—Recent Rate Case Activity” for additional information. 

We acquired CP Water Company (“CP Water”) in 2006. CP Water provided water service within parts of Pinal County. CP 
Water received a Certificate of Convenience and Necessity (“CC&N”) for approximately two square miles of service area in 1984 and 
currently  has  13  active  service  connections.  We  acquired  this  small  utility  as  part  of  our  consolidation  strategy  to  enable  the 
deployment of new integrated infrastructure as development occurs in the corridor between the cities of Maricopa and Casa Grande. 
CP Water’s service area, customers and assets have been transferred to Santa Cruz. 

West Valley Region 

We  operate  in  this  region  through  Water  Utility  of  Greater  Tonopah  (“Greater  Tonopah”),  Water  Utility  of  Northern 
Scottsdale,  Inc.  (“Northern  Scottsdale”),  Balterra  Sewer  Corp  (“Balterra”)  and  Hassayampa  Utility  Company  Inc.  (“Hassayampa”), 
and formerly through Valencia Water Company, Inc. (“Valencia”), Water Utility of Greater Buckeye (“Greater Buckeye”) and Willow 
Water Valley Co., Inc. (“Willow Valley”). 

We  acquired  Greater  Tonopah  in  2006.  Greater  Tonopah  serves  340  active  service  connections  as  of  December  31,  2016. 
Greater  Tonopah  has  a  CC&N  for  105  square  miles  of  service  area  and  provides  water  services  to  Maricopa  County  west  of  the 
Hassayampa River. The acquisition of Greater Tonopah allowed us to enter into agreements with developers to serve a total of roughly 
100,000 home sites plus commercial, schools, parks and industrial developments. 

We acquired Northern Scottsdale in 2006. Northern Scottsdale serves 81 active service connections as of December 31, 2016. 

Northern Scottsdale has a CC&N for one square mile and provides water services to two small subdivisions in Northern Scottsdale. 

Rate proceedings were completed in 2010 for Greater Tonopah. Northern Scottsdale completed a rate proceeding in 2008. In 
July  2012,  these  five  utilities  filed  applications  with  the  ACC  for  increased  rates  using  2011  as  the  test  year  on  which  the  ACC 
evaluates the utilities’ rates. The rate proceedings were completed in February 2014. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of 
Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Recent Rate Case Activity” for additional information. 

We acquired Balterra in 2006. Balterra is a wastewater utility and has a CC&N for two square miles in an area in western 
Maricopa County known as Tonopah. Balterra currently has no active service connections; however, its service area lies directly in the 
expected  path  of  future  growth  in  the  far  west  valley  of  metropolitan  Phoenix,  which  we  believe  should  provide  opportunities  for 
growth once development commences in this area. 

-9-

We formed Hassayampa in 2005. Hassayampa is a wastewater utility and has a CC&N for 41 square miles in an area that is 
contiguous to Balterra. Hassayampa currently has no active service connections; however, like Balterra, its service area lies directly in 
the path of future growth in the far west valley of metropolitan Phoenix, which we believe should provide opportunities for growth 
once development commences in this area. 

In  October  2012,  we  and  our  subsidiary,  303  Utilities  Company,  and  the  City  of  Glendale  entered  into  an  agreement  for 
future  wastewater  and  recycled  water  services,  advancing  our  public-private-partnership  originally  approved  by  the  city  council  in 
March  2010.  The  agreement  named  303  Utilities  Company  as  the  future  wastewater  and  recycled  water  provider  for  a  7,000-acre 
territory  within  a  portion  of  Glendale’s  western  planning  area  known  as  the  Loop  303  Corridor.  The  303  Utilities  Company  also 
signed certain wastewater facilities main extension agreements with numerous developers/landowners in the service area to fund the 
initial design and construction of a wastewater and recycled water utility. In addition, we signed separate offsite water management 
agreements with these same developers/landowners to provide the coordination, permitting, and engineering work for the related water 
utility service element of the project. In September 2013, we entered into an agreement to sell the Loop 303 Contracts to a third-party. 
See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Recent Events—Sale of Loop 303 
Contracts” for additional information. 

We formerly operated additional utilities in the West Valley Region through Valencia Water Company, Greater Buckeye and 
Willow  Valley.  Valencia  Water  Company  was  consolidated  with  Greater  Buckeye  in  2008,  and  on  July  14,  2015,  we  closed  the 
stipulated  condemnation  to  transfer  the  operations  and  assets  of  Valencia  Water  Company  with  the  City  of  Buckeye.   See 
“Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations—Recent  Events—Stipulated 
Condemnation of the Operations and Assets of Valencia Water Company” for additional information.  

In  addition,  on  May  9,  2016,  we  closed  the  sale  of  Willow  Valley  to  EPCOR  Water  Arizona  Inc.  (“EPCOR”).   See 
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Recent Events—Sale of Willow Valley” 
for additional information.

Eloy Region 

The  City  of  Eloy,  Arizona  is  located  in  Arizona’s  “sun  corridor”  and  is  approximately  equidistant  between  Phoenix  and 

Tucson. The City of Eloy represents an area of 100 square miles and has a population of approximately 17,000. 

We  operate  in  this  region  through  Global  Water-Picacho  Cove  Water  Company  and  Global  Water-Picacho  Cove  Utilities 
Company (collectively, “Picacho Cove”). We formed Picacho Cove in 2006 to provide water and wastewater services in the City of 
Eloy and currently have a CC&N for four square miles. The utilities currently have no active service connections and no facilities. 

Operations 

We  treat  water  to  potable  standards  and  also  treat,  clean  and  recycle  wastewater  for  a  variety  of  non-potable  uses.  A 

description of these operations follows. 

Sources of Water Supply 

Our  water  supplies  are  primarily  derived  from  groundwater;  however,  we  currently  augment  these  supplies  with  recycled 

water and intend to augment them with surface water and increased use of recycled water in the future. 

•

•

Potable Water. Our utilities presently employ groundwater systems for potable water production. Water is brought to the 
surface  from  underground  aquifers  (water  levels  vary  from  50  to  650  feet  below  land  surface  depending  on  the  area), 
disinfected  and  stored  in  tanks  for  distribution  to  customers.  In  some  instances,  individual  raw  water  supplies  do  not 
meet the legislative requirements for certain constituents. In those cases, we use well-head, centralized, point-of-use or 
blending treatment systems to ensure water quality meets potable standards. 

Recycled  Water.  Recycled  water  is  created  by  taking  wastewater  and  applying  advanced  tertiary  treatment  (i.e., 
screening,  biological  reduction,  and  filtration  and  disinfection  processes)  to  create  a  high  quality,  non-potable  water 
source. Each step is monitored and controlled in order that the stringent requirements for recycled water are continuously 
met.  Recycled  water  generated  by  us  meets  Arizona’s  Aquifer  Water  Quality  Standards  before  it  leaves  the  treatment 
facility  and  is  recognized  as  Class  A+,  the  highest  quality  of  recycled  water  regulated  by  the  Arizona  Department  of 
Environmental Quality. Recycled water can be used for irrigation, facilities cooling, and industrial applications and in a 
residential setting for toilet flushing and lawn watering. 

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Technology 

We use sophisticated technology as a principal means of improving our margins. We focus on technological innovations that 
allow  us  to  deliver  high-quality  water  and  customer  service  with  minimal  potential  for  human  error,  delays  and  inefficiencies.  Our 
comprehensive  technology  platform  includes  supervisory  control  and  data  acquisition,  automated  meter  reading  and  geographical 
information system technologies, which we use to map and monitor our physical assets and water resources on an automated, real-
time  basis  with  fewer  people  than  the  standard  water  utility  model  requires.  Our  systems  allow  us  to  detect  and  resolve  potential 
problems promptly, accurately and efficiently before they become more serious, which both improves customer service and optimizes 
and extends the efficient performance and life of our assets. Our automated meter reading technology, which allows us to read water 
meters remotely rather than physically, improves water resources accounting, allows for identification of high water usage and water 
theft from disconnected meters. We also use automated voice, internet billing, payment processing and customer service applications 
that contribute to additional reduced headcount and a reduction in associated personnel costs. 

Decentralized Treatment Facilities 

We  design  and  build  standard,  decentralized  facilities  that  are  scaled  to  the  service  areas  they  serve  in  order  to  achieve 
optimum  efficiency  in providing both water  and wastewater  services.  The replication  of our standard  facility  also improves design, 
construction  and  operating  efficiency  because  we  are  able  to  employ  similar,  proven  processes  and  equipment  and  technologies  at 
each  of  our  facilities.  As  a  result,  our  operating  efficiency  is  improved  significantly  by  reducing  equipment  costs  and  employee 
training costs, and our exposure to operational performance risks often associated with larger, custom-built plants is reduced. 

Although  there  has  not  traditionally  been  a  significant  economic  incentive  or  other  reward  for  automation  and  resource 
efficiency in our industry, we believe our use of automation in lieu of labor, together with our emphasis on streamlined operations and 
conservation, will position us well for continued profitable growth and allow us to take advantage of future incentives or rewards that 
may be available to water utilities that are able to successfully enhance the use of renewable resources. 

Regulation 

Our  water  and  wastewater  utility  operations  are  subject  to  extensive  regulation  by  U.S.  federal,  state  and  local  regulatory 
agencies that enforce environmental, health and safety requirements, which affect all of our regulated subsidiaries. These requirements 
include  the  Safe  Drinking  Water  Act,  the  Clean  Water  Act  and  the  regulations  issued  under  these  laws  by  the  EPA.  We  are  also 
subject to state environmental laws and regulations, such as Arizona’s Aquifer Protection Program and other environmental laws and 
regulations  enforced  by  the  Arizona  Department  of  Environmental  Quality,  and  extensive  regulation  by  the  ACC,  which  regulates 
public utilities. The ACC also has broad administrative power and authority to set rates and charges, determine franchise areas and 
conditions of service and authorize the issuance of securities as well as authority to establish uniform systems of accounts and approve 
the terms of contracts with both affiliates and customers. 

We are also subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the storage of hazardous materials, the 
management and disposal of hazardous and solid wastes, discharges to air and water, the cleanup of contaminated sites, dam safety, 
fire protection services in the areas we serve and other matters relating to the protection of the environment, health and safety. 

We maintain a comprehensive environmental program which addresses, among other things, responsible business practices 
and  compliance  with  environmental  laws  and  regulations,  including  the  use  and  conservation  of  natural  resources.  Water  samples 
across our water system are analyzed on a regular basis in material compliance with regulatory requirements. We conducted more than 
7,900 water quality tests in 2016 at subcontracted laboratory facilities in addition to providing continuous online instrumentations for 
monitoring  parameters  such  as  turbidity  and  disinfectant  residuals  and  allowing  for  adjustments  to  chemical  treatment  based  on 
changes in incoming water quality. For 2016, we achieved a compliance rate of 99.8% for meeting state and federal drinking water 
standards  and  99.1%  for  compliance  with  wastewater  requirements,  for  an  overall  compliance  rating  of  99.4%.  Compliance  with 
governmental regulations is of utmost importance to us, and considerable time and resources are spent ensuring compliance with all 
applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations. 

In  addition  to  regulation  by  governmental  entities,  our  operations  may  also  be  affected  by  civic  or  consumer  advocacy 
groups.  These  organizations  provide  a  voice  for  customers  at  local  and  national  levels  to  communicate  their  service  priorities  and 
concerns.  Although  these  organizations  may  lack  regulatory  or  enforcement  authority,  they  may  be  influential  in  achieving  service 
quality and rate improvements for customers. 

Safe Drinking Water Act 

The federal Safe Drinking Water Act and regulations promulgated thereunder establish minimum national quality standards 
for  drinking  water.  The  EPA  has  issued  rules  governing  the  levels  of  numerous  naturally  occurring  and  man-made  chemical  and 
microbial contaminants and radionuclides allowable in drinking water and continues to propose new rules. These rules also prescribe 

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testing  requirements  for  detecting  contaminants,  the  treatment  systems  that  may  be  used  for  removing  contaminants  and  other 
requirements. Federal and state water quality requirements have become increasingly more stringent, including increased water testing 
requirements,  to  reflect  public  health  concerns.  In  Arizona,  the  requirements  of  the  Safe  Drinking  Water  Act  are  incorporated  by 
reference into the Arizona Administrative Code. 

In order to remove or inactivate microbial organisms, the EPA has promulgated various rules to improve the disinfection and 

filtration of drinking water and to reduce consumers’ exposure to disinfectants and by-products of the disinfection process. 

Significant  attention  has  recently  been  focused  on contaminants  of emerging  concern  (chemicals  and  other  substances  that 
have  no  regulatory  standard,  have  been  recently  “discovered”  in  natural  streams  (often  because  of  improved  analytical  chemistry 
detection  levels),  and  potentially  cause  deleterious  effects  in  aquatic  life  at  environmentally  relevant  concentrations),  including 
endocrine disrupting compounds and pharmaceuticals  and personal care products, in drinking water supplies, municipal  wastewater 
effluents and recycled water. Endocrine disrupting compounds are substances that are not produced in the body but act by mimicking 
or  antagonizing  natural  hormones,  and  there  is  research  associating  exposure  with  endocrine  disrupting  compounds  to  various 
reproductive problems in both women and men as well as for increases in the frequency of certain types of cancer. Pharmaceuticals 
and personal care products, such as fragrances, cosmetics, prescription and over-the-counter therapeutic drugs, veterinary drugs, and 
sunscreen products, enter the environment through excretion, bathing, and disposal of unwanted medications to sewers and trash. We 
believe contaminants of emerging concern may form the basis for additional regulatory initiatives and requirements in the future. 

Although it is difficult to project the ultimate costs of complying with the above or other pending or future requirements, we 
do  not  expect  current  requirements  under  the  Safe  Drinking  Water  Act  to  have  a  material  impact  on  our  operations  or  financial 
condition, although it is possible new methods of treating drinking water may be required if additional regulations become effective in 
the  future.  In  addition,  capital  expenditures  and  operating  costs  to  comply  with  environmental  mandates  traditionally  have  been 
recognized  by  state  public  utility  commissions  as  appropriate  for  inclusion  in  establishing  rates,  although  rate  recovery  may  be 
delayed by “regulatory lag”, that is, the delay between the utility’s test year and the issuance of a rate order approving new rates. 

Clean Water Act 

The federal Clean Water Act regulates discharges of liquid effluents from drinking water and wastewater treatment facilities 
into waters of the United States, including lakes, rivers, streams and subsurface or sanitary sewers. In Arizona, with the exception of 
Clean  Water  Act  Section  208  Regional  Water  Quality  Management  Plans,  capacity  management  and  operations  and  maintenance 
requirements,  and  source  control  requirements,  wastewater  operations  are  primarily  regulated  under  the  Aquifer  Protection  Permit 
program and the Arizona Pollutant Discharge Elimination System program (see below). 

The EPA certifies Clean Water Act Section 208 Regional Water Quality Management Plans and Amendments which govern 
the location of water reclamation facilities and wastewater treatment plants. The EPA’s 40 C.F.R. Pt. 503 bio-solids requirements are 
reported to the EPA through the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. While we are not presently regulated to meet source 
control  requirements,  we  maintain  source  control  through  various  Codes  of  Practice  that  have  been  accepted  by  the  ACC  as 
enforceable limits on consumer discharges to sanitary sewer systems. We believe we maintain the necessary permits and approvals for 
the discharges from our water and wastewater facilities. 

Arizona Regulatory Agencies 

In Arizona, the ACC is the regulatory authority with jurisdiction over water and wastewater utilities. The ACC has exclusive 
authority  to  approve  rates,  mandate  accounting  treatments,  authorize  long-term  financing  programs,  evaluate  significant  capital 
expenditures  and  plant  additions,  examine  and  regulate  transactions  between  a  regulated  subsidiary  and  its  affiliated  entities  and 
approve  or  disapprove  reorganizations,  mergers  and  acquisitions  prior  to  their  completion.  Additionally,  the  ACC  has  statutory 
authority  to  oversee  service  quality  and  consumer  complaints,  and  approve  or  disapprove  expansion  of  service  areas.  The  ACC  is 
comprised  of  five  elected  members,  each  serving  four  year  terms.  Companies  that  wish  to  provide  water  or  wastewater  service  are 
granted a CC&N, which allows them to serve customers within a geographic area specified by a legal description of the property. In 
considering an application for a CC&N, the ACC will determine if the applicant is fit and proper to provide service within a specified 
area, whether the applicant has sufficient technical, managerial and financial capabilities to provide the service and if that service is 
necessary and in the public interest. Once a CC&N is granted, the utility falls under the ACC’s jurisdiction and must abide by the rules 
and laws by which a public service corporation operates. 

In February 2014, the ACC issued Rate Decision No. 74364 for our rate cases filed in July 2012 for the following utilities: 
Santa Cruz, Palo Verde, Valencia Water Company, Greater Buckeye, Greater Tonopah, Northern Scottsdale and Willow Valley. See 
“Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations—Recent  Rate  Case  Activity”  for 
additional information. 

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Arizona water and wastewater utilities must also comply with state environmental regulation regarding drinking water and 
wastewater,  including  environmental  regulations  set  by  Councils  of  Government  (such  as  the  Central  Arizona  Association  of 
Governments  and  the  Maricopa  Association  of  Governments),  the  Arizona  Department  of  Environmental  Quality  and  the  Arizona 
Department  of  Water  Resources.  The  Central  Arizona  Association  of  Governments  is  the  designated  management  authority  for 
Section  208  of  the  Clean  Water  Act  for  Pinal  and  Gila  Counties  and  administers  the  requirements  of  the  Regional  Water  Quality 
Management  Plans  and  Amendments  at  the  local  level.  The  Maricopa  Association  of  Governments  is  the  designated  management 
authority  for  Section  208  of  the  Clean  Water  Act  for  Maricopa  County  and  administers  the  requirements  of  the  Regional  Water 
Quality  Management  Plans  and  Amendments  at  the  local  level.  The  Maricopa  County  Environmental  Services  Department  has 
delegated  authority  for  overseeing  Arizona  Department  of  Environmental  Quality  requirements  in  Maricopa  County.  The  Arizona 
Department of Environmental Quality regulates water quality and permits water reclamation facilities, discharges of recycled water, 
re-use of recycled water and recharge of recycled water. The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality also regulates the clean 
closure requirements of facilities. In Arizona, the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has received delegated authority from 
the EPA for the administration of the Clean Water Act’s National Pollution Discharge Elimination System program. Permits issued by 
the  Arizona  Department  of  Environmental  Quality  for  discharges  to  waters  of  the  U.S.  in  Arizona  are  termed  “Arizona  Pollutant 
Discharge  Elimination  System,”  or  “AzPDES,”  permits.  The  Arizona  Department  of  Environmental  Quality  also  administers  the 
drinking water quality requirements set by the federal Safe Drinking Water Act within Arizona. Finally, the Arizona Department of 
Water  Resources regulates  surface  water  extraction,  groundwater  withdrawal,  designations and certificates  of assured  water  supply, 
extinguishment of irrigation grandfathered water rights, groundwater savings facilities, recharge facilities, recharge permits, recovery 
well  permits,  storage  accounts  and  well  construction,  abandonment  or  replacement.  We  must  file  periodic  reports  with  the  ACC, 
Arizona Department of Environmental Quality and Arizona Department of Water Resources. 

Within  each  regulatory  organization,  we  have  invested  in  developing  cooperative  relationships  at  all  levels,  from  staff  to 
executives to elected and appointed officials. These relationships, coupled with our proactive attitude toward regulatory compliance, 
have resulted in a number of significantly positive regulatory determinations. 

 Assured and Adequate Water Supply Regulations 

We intend to seek access to renewable water supplies as we grow our water resource portfolio. However, we currently rely 
almost  exclusively  (and  are  likely  to  continue  to  rely)  on  the  pumping  of  groundwater  and  the  generation  and  delivery  of  recycled 
water for non-potable uses to meet future demands in our service areas. Aside from some rights to water through the Central Arizona 
Project, groundwater (and recycled water derived from groundwater) is the only water supply available to us. 

Although we intend to rely on recycled water to help meet water demands in areas, the infrastructure, permits, and customer 
base necessary to generate and deliver recycled water are not necessarily in place in most of our service areas. In addition, although 
recycling can extend a limited supply, it does not actually generate a new supply of water. As such, although our proposed generation 
and delivery of recycled water is likely to help reduce the amount of groundwater that will be required to serve future customers, our 
ability  to  serve  new  customers  will  remain  dependent  on  its  ability  to  access  groundwater.  Groundwater  is  a  limited  resource  in 
Arizona, and access to new uses of groundwater is closely regulated in the areas served by us. See “Risk Factors—Inadequate water 
and wastewater supplies could have a material adverse effect upon our ability to achieve the customer growth necessary to increase 
our revenues.” 

Nearly  all  of  our  service  areas  are  located  in  “Active  Management  Areas,”  areas  within  which  the  use  of  groundwater  is 
regulated  by  the  Arizona  Department  of  Water  Resources  in  order  to  manage  ongoing  problems  with  groundwater  overdraft.  The 
Phoenix, Prescott and Tucson Active Management Areas are legally mandated to achieve “safe yield” by 2025 or sooner. However, 
we do not expect any of these Active Management Areas to achieve their safe yield goals. Safe yield requires groundwater pumping to 
not draw down the groundwater  aquifers,  or “over-draft,” as all pumping  is offset  or replaced  within  the Active  Management Area 
from a renewable supply. The Pinal Active Management Area, which encompasses our major service areas near Maricopa, is managed 
to allow development of non-irrigation  uses and to preserve existing  agricultural  economies  in the Active  Management  Area for as 
long as feasible, consistent with the necessity to preserve future water supplies for non-irrigation uses. 

Under  Arizona’s  assured  water  supply  laws  and  regulations,  a  new  subdivision  inside  an  Active  Management  Area  must 
demonstrate  that  it  has  an  “assured  water  supply”  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Arizona  Department  of  Water  Resources  before  the 
developer  is  permitted  to  sell  lots.  Demonstration  of  an  assured  water  supply  requires,  among  other  things,  that  an  applicant 
demonstrate that water supplies will be physically, continuously, and legally available to satisfy the water needs of the proposed use 
for at least 100 years. A developer may make an independent showing of an assured water supply (resulting in a Certificate of Assured 
Water Supply for a subdivision) or may obtain a written commitment for service from a designated water supplier, such as a privately 
owned water company or a municipal water supplier. Under the latter approach, the water supplier must demonstrate satisfaction of 
assured water supply requirements for the developments within its service areas (resulting in a Designation of Assured Water Supply 
for the provider). At present, we have obtained a Designation of Assured Water Supply in the Maricopa/Casa Grande service territory 
(Santa Cruz) for approximately 22,900 acre-feet of groundwater use. A Designation of Assured Water Supply is subject to periodic 

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review  and  renewal  by  the  Arizona  Department  of  Water  Resources,  and  can  be  increased  as  demand  grows  within  the  service 
territory, subject to the physical availability of water. A recent physical availability determination for Santa Cruz suggests that, over 
time,  its  Designation  of  Assured  Water  Supply  could  potentially  be  increased  to  approximately  45,000  acre-feet  once  sufficient 
increased demand is established in the area, assuming that water is still physically available by that time (i.e., the groundwater has not 
been  committed  to  users  in  surrounding  areas).  Under  our  high  efficiency  Total  Water  Management  model,  which  is  intended  to 
achieve  much  lower  per-unit  potable  water  use  rates  than  would  be  expected  for  average  developments,  45,000  acre-feet  could  be 
sufficient water supply for approximately 180,000 homes per year. 

In our West Valley service territory (Greater Tonopah), we expect to receive a Designation of Assured Water Supply when 
development commences in that area for 10,428 acre-feet with the ability to access the reserved physical availability of an additional 
38,100 acre-feet as population grows. Assuming implementation of our high-efficiency Total Water Management model throughout 
the service area, this could be a sufficient water supply for approximately 250,000 homes. 

In  our  other  service  areas,  we  rely  upon  a  Certificate  of  Assured  Water  Supply  obtained  by  developers  to  demonstrate  an 

assured water supply, or will apply for a Designation of Assured Water Supply in the future when required. 

Outside of Arizona’s Active Management Areas, the “adequate water supply” program requires a determination of whether 
there is an adequate water supply—similar to an assured water supply—but it does not necessarily foreclose development when the 
showing  cannot  be  made.  Unless  the  county  government  has  voted  to  make  the  requirement  mandatory,  a  development  (outside  of 
Active Management Areas) that cannot demonstrate access to an adequate water supply is generally required only to disclose this fact, 
although  as  a  practical  matter  few  developments  have  proceeded  on  this  basis.  In  addition,  whether  a  water  provider  to  such  a 
development has access to an adequate water supply is nevertheless relevant to its business. 

Other Environmental, Health and Safety (including Water Quality) Matters 

Our operations also involve the use, storage and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes. For example, our water and 
wastewater  treatment  facilities  store  and  use  chlorine  and  other  chemicals  and  generate  wastes  that  require  proper  handling  and 
disposal  under  applicable  environmental  regulations.  We  could  also  incur  remedial  costs  in  connection  with  any  environmental 
contamination  relating  to  our  operations  or  facilities,  releases  or  our  off-site  disposal  of  wastes.  Although  we  are  not  aware  of  any 
material cleanup or decontamination obligations, the discovery of contamination or the imposition of such obligations arising under 
relevant federal, state and local laws and regulations in the future could result in additional costs. Our facilities and operations also are 
subject to requirements under the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Act and similar laws in Arizona. 

Our compliance with all of the environmental, health and safety (including water quality) requirements described above may 

be subject to inspections and enforcement measures by federal, state and local agencies. 

Security 

Due to security, vandalism, terrorism and other risks, we take precautions to protect our employees and the water delivered to 
our  customers.  In  2002,  federal  legislation  was  enacted  that  resulted  in  new  regulations  concerning  security  of  water  facilities, 
including submitting vulnerability assessment studies to the federal government. We have complied with EPA regulations concerning 
vulnerability assessments and have made filings to the EPA as required. Vulnerability assessments are conducted regularly to evaluate 
the  effectiveness  of  existing  security  controls  and  serve  as  the  basis  for  further  capital  investment  in  security  for  the  facility. 
Information security controls are deployed or integrated to prevent unauthorized access to company information systems, assure the 
continuity of business processes dependent upon automation,  ensure the integrity of our data and support regulatory and legislative 
compliance requirements. In addition, communication plans have been developed as a component of our procedures. While we do not 
make public comments on the details of our security programs, we have been in contact with federal, state, and local law enforcement 
agencies to coordinate and improve the security of our water delivery systems and to safeguard our water supply.

Competition

As an owner and operator of regulated utilities, we do not face competition within our existing service areas because Arizona 
law  provides  the  holder  of  a  CC&N  for  water  and  wastewater  service  with  an  exclusive  right  to  provide  that  service  within  the 
certificated area, as against other public service corporations. In addition, the high cost of constructing water and wastewater systems 
in an existing market creates a barrier to entry. We do, however, face competition from other water and wastewater utilities for new 
service areas and with respect to the acquisition of smaller utilities. We believe our principal competitors for new service areas and 
acquisitions in Arizona are EPCOR Water Arizona Inc., Arizona Water Company, and Liberty Utilities. We believe competition for 
new service areas and acquisitions is based on relationships with municipalities and developers, experience in making acquisitions, the 
ability to finance and obtain regulatory approval, quality and breadth of products and services, the ability to integrate both water and 
wastewater services, and emplace conservation practices throughout the service areas, price, speed, and ease of implementation. 

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If we seek to extend our services outside Arizona, we will face competition from other regional or national water utilities for 

these opportunities. 

Although  we  believe  we  compete  effectively  in  our  regulated  businesses,  our  competitors  may  have  more  resources  and 

experience than we have and may therefore have a competitive advantage. 

Segment Reporting

We currently operate in one geographic region within the State of Arizona, wherein each operating utility operates within the 
same regulatory environment, and is operated as one reportable segment. For additional information, see “Management’s Discussion 
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Segment Reporting” in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K.

Seasonality 

Customer demand for our water during the warmer months is generally greater than other times of the year due primarily to 
additional consumption of water in connection with irrigation systems, swimming pools, cooling systems, and other outside water use. 
Throughout the year, and particularly during typically warmer months, demand may vary with temperature, as well as the timing and 
overall levels of rainfall. In the event that temperatures during the typically warmer months are cooler than normal, or if there is more 
rainfall  than  normal,  the  customer  demand  for  our  water  may  decrease  and  therefore,  adversely  affect  our  revenues.  See 
“Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations—Factors  Affecting  our  Results  of 
Operations—Weather and Seasonality,” included in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K, for additional information.

Employees

As  of  December  31,  2016,  we  employed  43  full-time  individuals  and  no  part-time  employees.  Currently,  none  of  our 

employees participate in collective bargaining agreements, and we consider our employee relations to be good.

Available Information

We maintain an Internet website at www.gwresources.com. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-
Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange 
Act are accessible through our website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after these reports are filed electronically with 
the  SEC.  To  access  these  reports,  go  to  our  website  at  www.gwresources.com.  The  foregoing  information  regarding  our  website  is 
provided for convenience and the content of our website is not deemed to be incorporated by reference in this report filed with the 
SEC.

The public may read and copy any materials filed by the Company with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 
F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling 
the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other 
information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Risks Related to the Company and the Industry in Which It Operates

We  have  significant  obligations  under  Infrastructure  Coordination  and  Financing  Agreements  (“ICFAs”),  yet  funds  from  our 
ICFAs are dependent on development activities by developers which we do not control and are also subject to certain regulatory 
requirements.

In  the  past,  we  extended  water  and  wastewater  infrastructure  financing  to  developers  and  builders  through  ICFAs.  These 
agreements  are  contracts  with  developers  or  builders  in  which  we  coordinate  and  fund  the  construction  of  water,  wastewater,  and 
recycled water facilities that will be owned  and  operated  by  our  regulated  subsidiaries  in  advance  of  completion  of  developments 
in  the  area.  Our investment  can be considerable,  as we phase-in the construction  of facilities  in accordance  with a regional  master 
plan,  as  opposed  to  a  single  development.  Developers  and  builders  pay  us  agreed-upon  fees  upon  the  occurrence  of  specified 
development  events  for  their  development  projects.  The  Arizona Corporation Commission (“ACC”)  requires us to record a portion 
of  the  funds  we  receive  under  ICFAs  as  contributions  in  aid  of  construction  (“CIAC”),  which  are  funds  or  property  provided  to  a 
utility  under  the  terms  of  a  collection  main  extension  agreement  and/or  service  connection  tariff,  the  value  of  which  are  not 
refundable. Amounts received as CIAC reduce our rate base once expended on utility plants.

The  developer  is  not  required  to  pay  the  bulk  of  the  agreed-upon  fees  until  a  development  receives  platting  approval. 
Accordingly,  we  cannot  always  accurately  predict  or  control  the  timing  of  the  collection  of  our  fees.  If  a  developer  encounters 
difficulties,  such as during a real estate market downturn, that result in a complete or partial  abandonment of the development  or a 

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significant  delay  in  its  completion,  we  will  have  planned,  built,  and  invested  in  infrastructure  that  will  not  be  supported  by 
development and will not generate either payments under the applicable ICFA or cash flows from providing services. As a result, our 
return on our investment and cash flow stream could be adversely affected.

In  August  2013,  we  entered  into  a  settlement  agreement  with  ACC  staff,  the Residential  Utility  Consumers  Office,  the 
City of Maricopa, and the other parties to a rate case, which established the policy by which ICFA fees will be treated going forward. 
The settlement also prohibits us from entering into new ICFAs. In February 2014, the rate case proceedings were completed and the 
ACC issued Rate Decision No. 74364, approving the settlement agreement. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial 
Condition  and  Results  of  Operations—Recent  Rate  Case  Activity,”  included  in  Part  II,  Item  7  of  this  Form  10-K,  for  additional 
information.

Our operations of regulated utilities are currently located exclusively in the state of Arizona, and more specifically approximately 
98.9% of our  active  service  connections  are  within a single municipality,  which  increases  the impact  of local  conditions  on  our 
results of operations.

The  customers  of  our  regulated  utilities  are  currently  located  exclusively  in  the  state  of  Arizona  and  98.9%  of  our  active 
service connections are located in the City of Maricopa, Arizona. As a result, we cannot diversify or mitigate the risks presented by 
local  regulatory,  economic,  demographic,  and weather conditions  in this  area.  An adverse change  in any of these  conditions  would 
therefore affect our profitability, results of operations, liquidity, and cash flows more significantly than if our utilities also operated in 
other geographic areas.

New or stricter regulatory standards or other governmental actions could increase our regulatory compliance and operating costs, 
which could cause our profitability to suffer, particularly if we are unable to increase our rates to offset such costs.

In  Arizona,  water  and  wastewater  utilities  are  subject  to  regulation  by  water,  environmental,  public  utility, and  health and 
safety  regulators,  and  we  are  required  to  obtain  environmental  permits  from  governmental  agencies  in  order  to  operate  our 
facilities. Regulations relate to, among other things, standards and criteria for drinking water quality and for wastewater discharges, 
customer service and service delivery standards, waste disposal and raw groundwater abstraction limits, and rates and charges for our 
regulated  services.  There  may  be  instances  in  the  future  when  we  are  not  in  or  cannot  achieve  compliance  with  new  and  evolving 
laws, regulations, and permits without incurring additional operating costs. For example, in 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection 
Agency (“EPA”) implemented a new arsenic maximum contaminant level, which effectively required the installation and operation of 
costly arsenic treatment systems at many of our water production facilities.

Our  costs  of  complying  with  current  and  future  governmental  laws  and  regulations  could  adversely  affect our business or 
results  of  operations.  If  we  fail  to  comply  with  these  laws,  regulations,  or  permits,  we  could  be  fined  or  otherwise  sanctioned  by 
regulators  and  our  operations  could  be  curtailed  or  shut  down.  We  may  also  be  exposed  to  product  liability  or  breach  of  contract 
claims by third parties resulting from our noncompliance. These laws and regulations are complex and change frequently, and these 
changes may cause us to incur costs in connection with the remediation of actions that were lawful when they were taken.

We may incur higher compliance  or remediation  costs than expected in any particular  period and may not be able  to  pass 
those  increased  costs  along  to  our  customers  immediately  through  rate  increases,  or  at  all.  This  is  because  we  must  obtain 
regulatory approval to increase our rates, which can be time-consuming and costly and our requests for increases may not be approved 
in part, or in full.

We  are  required  to  test  our  water  quality  for  certain  parameters  and  potential  contaminants  on  a  regular basis.  If  the 
test  results  indicate  that  parameters  or  contaminants  exceed  allowable  limits,  we  may  be  required either to commence treatment to 
remedy  the water quality  or to develop  an alternate  water  source. Either  of these outcomes  may  be  costly,  and  there  can  be  no 
assurance  that  the  regulatory  authorities  would  approve  rate increases to recover these additional compliance costs. In addition, by 
the time that test results are available, contaminated water may have been provided to customers, which may result in liability for us 
and damage our reputation.

In  addition,  governments  or  government  agencies  that  regulate  our  operations  may  enact  legislation  or  adopt  new 

requirements that could have an adverse effect on our business, including:

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restricting ownership or investment;

providing for the expropriation of our assets by the government through condemnation or similar proceedings;

providing for changes to water and wastewater quality standards;

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requiring  cancellation  or  renegotiation  of,  or  unilateral  changes  to,  agreements  relating  to  our  provision  of  water  and 
wastewater services;

changing regulatory or legislative emphasis on water conservation in comparison to other goals and initiatives;

promoting an increase of competition among water companies within our designated service areas;

requiring the provision of water or wastewater services at no charge or at reduced prices;

restricting the ability to terminate services to customers whose accounts are in arrears;

restricting the ability to sell assets or issue securities;

adversely  changing  tax,  legal,  or  regulatory  requirements,  including  environmental  requirements  and  the  imposition  of 
additional requirements and costs on our operations, including but not limited to changes adopted in response to regulatory 
measures to address global climate change;

changes in the charges applied to raw water abstraction;

changes in rate making policies; or

restrictions relating to water use and supply, including restrictions on use, increased offsetting groundwater replenishment 
obligations, changes to the character of groundwater rights, and settlement of Native American claims.

Changes  to  environmental  and  other  regulation  may  require  us  to  alter  our  existing  treatment  facilities  or  build  additional 
facilities.

To  comply  with  federal,  state,  and  local  environmental  laws,  our  existing  facilities  may  need  to  be  altered  or  replaced. 
Altered  and  new  facilities  and  other  capital  improvements  must  be  constructed  and  operated  in  accordance  with  multiple 
requirements,  including,  in  certain  cases,  an  Aquifer  Protection  Permit  issued  by  the  Arizona  Department  of  Environmental 
Quality,  Arizona  Pollution  Discharge  Elimination  System  permits  from the  Arizona  Department  of  Environmental  Quality,  and  an 
air  quality  permit  from  Maricopa  or  Pinal  Counties. The provision of potable water is subject to, among others, the requirements of 
the  federal  Safe  Drinking  Water  Act,  and  effluent  from  wastewater  treatment  facilities  must  comply  with  other  requirements. 
Regulated contaminants and associated maximum contaminant levels may change over time, requiring us to alter or build additional 
treatment facilities. We are also subject to regulation as an employer, property owner, and business operator  in  the  State  of  Arizona. 
Failure  by  us  to  observe  the  conditions  and  comply  with  the  requirements  of  these  permits  and  other  applicable  laws  and 
regulations could result in delays, additional costs, fines, and other adverse consequences up to and including inability to proceed with 
development in our service areas.

We  rely  on  information  technology  systems  to  assist  with  the  management  of  our  business  and  customer  relationships.  A 
disruption of these systems could adversely affect our business and operations.

Our  information  technology  systems  and  the  information  technology  functions  that  are  outsourced  to  the  FATHOMTM 
business,  which  we  previously  owned,  are  an  integral  part  of  our  business.  For  example,  FATHOMTM  systems  allow  us  to  read 
water  meters  remotely,  identify  high  water  usage,  and  identify  water  theft  from  disconnected  meters.  FATHOMTM  systems  also 
provide  contracted  services  and  back-office  technologies  and  systems  to  bill  our  customers,  provide  customer  service,  manage 
certain  financial  records,  and  track  assets and accounts receivable collections. A disruption of our information technology systems or 
the  FATHOMTM  systems  could  significantly  limit  our  ability  to  manage  and  operate  our  business  efficiently,  which  in  turn  could 
cause our business to suffer and cause our results of operations to be reduced.

Further, our information technology systems and the FATHOMTM systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from:

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power loss, computer systems failures, and internet, telecommunications, or data network failures;

operator negligence or improper operation by, or supervision of, employees;

physical and electronic loss of customer data or security breaches, misappropriation, and similar events;

computer viruses;

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intentional acts of vandalism and similar events; and

fires, floods, earthquakes, and other natural disasters.

Damages  or  interruptions  to  our  information  technology  systems  or  the  FATHOMTM  systems  may  result  in physical  and 
electronic  loss of customer  or financial  data, security  breaches, misappropriation,  and similar events. These issues could prevent us 
from issuing billings timely, which could impact revenue, or could negatively impact the efficient operations of the business, resulting 
in additional costs. The lack of redundancy for some of our IT systems or the FATHOMTM  systems, including billing systems, could 
exacerbate the impact of any of the foregoing events.

The  nature  of  our  business  exposes  us  to  various  liability  claims,  which  may  exceed  the  level  of  our  insurance  coverage  and 
thereby not be reimbursed fully by insurance proceeds, or not be covered by our insurance at all, and may also make it difficult for 
us to obtain insurance coverage at affordable rates.

In  recent  years,  societal  factors  have  resulted  in  increased  litigation  and  escalating  monetary  claims  against  industries  and 
employers.  Although  the  national  insurance  market  currently  provides  insurance  coverage  at  affordable  premiums,  there  is  no 
guarantee  this  will  continue  or  that  we  will  continue  to  be  able  to  obtain coverage against catastrophic claims and losses. While 
we  may  self-insure  for  some  risks  in  the  future,  should  an  uninsured  or  underinsured  loss  occur,  we  may  be  unable  to  meet  our 
obligations as they become due.

The  operation  of  our  utilities  is  subject  to  the  normal  risks  of  occupancy  as  well  as  the  additional  risks  of  receiving, 
processing, treating, and disposing of water and waste materials. As a safeguard, we currently maintain general liability and workers’ 
compensation  insurance  coverage,  subject  to  deductibles  at  levels  we  believe  are  sufficient  to  cover  future  claims  made  during  the 
respective  policy  periods.  However,  we  may  be  exposed  to  multiple  claims,  including  workers’  compensation  claims,  that  do  not 
exceed  our  deductibles,  and,  as  a  result,  we  could  incur  significant  out-of-pocket  costs  that  could  materially  adversely  affect  our 
business,  financial  condition,  and  results  of  operations.  In  addition,  the  cost  of  insurance  policies  may  increase  significantly  upon 
renewal  of  those  policies  as  a  result  of  general  rate  increases  for  the  type  of  insurance  we  carry  as  well  as  our  historical 
experience and experience in our industry. Our future claims may exceed the coverage level of our insurance, and insurance may not 
continue  to  be  available  on  economically  reasonable  terms,  or  at  all.  If  we  are  required  to  pay  significantly  higher  premiums  for 
insurance, are not able to maintain insurance coverage at affordable rates, or if we must pay amounts in excess of claims covered by 
our insurance, we could experience higher costs that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of 
operations.

We are exposed to various risks relating to legal proceedings or claims that could materially adversely affect our operating results.

We  are  a  party  to  lawsuits  in  the  normal  course  of  our  business.  Litigation  in  general  can  be  expensive,  lengthy,  and 
disruptive to normal business operations. Moreover, the results of complex legal proceedings are difficult to predict. Responding to 
lawsuits brought against us, or legal actions that we may initiate, can often be expensive and time-consuming. Unfavorable outcomes 
from these claims and/or lawsuits could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition, and we 
could incur substantial monetary liability and/or be required to change our business practices.

If we do not manage our anticipated growth effectively, we may not be able to develop or implement the infrastructure necessary to 
support our operations and could suffer a loss of profitability.

Since our formation in 2003, we have grown rapidly, with our total revenues increasing from $4.9 million in 2004  to  $29.8 
million  in  2016  and  total  service  connections  increasing  from  8,113  as  of  December  31,  2004  to 38,026  as  of  December 31, 2016. 
We have also expanded geographically, from 18 square miles of service areas in 2004 to 328 square miles as of December 31, 2016. 
Our  growth  has  been  driven  principally  by  acquisitions  and  by  organic  growth  resulting  from  increased  development  and  service 
connections within our existing service areas.

Although  we  may  not  be  able  to  achieve  similar  growth,  or  grow  at  all,  in  future  periods,  we  expect  to  continue  to 
significantly  expand  our  facilities,  infrastructure,  research  and  development,  marketing,  testing,  management,  and  administrative 
operations,  as  well  as  our  financial  and  accounting  controls.  This  expansion  has  placed,  and  will  continue  to  place,  strain  on  our 
management  and  administrative,  operational,  technical,  and  financial  infrastructure.  If  management  is  unable  to  manage  growth 
effectively, the quality of our services, our ability to attract and retain key personnel, and our business or prospects could be harmed 
significantly.

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To manage growth effectively, we must:

continue to expand our water management capacity;

retain key management and augment our management team;

continue to enhance our technology, operations, and financial and management systems;

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• manage multiple relationships with our customers, regulators, suppliers, and other third parties; and

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expand, train, and manage our employee base.

We may not be able to manage effectively any expansion in one or more of these areas, and our failure to do so could harm 
our ability to maintain or increase revenues and operating results. The expenses incurred in pursuing growth could increase without a 
corresponding increase in our revenue base, which could decrease operating results and profit margin. In addition, future growth may 
require us to make significant capital expenditures or incur other significant expenses and may divert the attention of our personnel 
from our core business operations, any of which could affect our financial performance adversely.

We do not control when and where a developer may request service within our service areas, and if this occurs outside the location 
and capacity of existing infrastructure, it may require significantly more capital expenditures than currently anticipated.

If a developer has an ICFA, and/or once a developer has entered into a service agreement with our utility subsidiary and the 
property  being  developed  has  been  included  within  a  service  area,  the  utility  has  the  obligation  to  serve  under  the  terms  of  those 
agreements  and  existing  regulations.  Although  we  have  built  substantial  modern  infrastructure  within  these  utilities  in  areas  where 
development is currently occurring, there is the potential that a developer may request service in another location within the service 
area.  Extending/expanding  the  existing  infrastructure  to  provide  service  may  result  in  the  need  to  make  additional,  currently 
unplanned,  capital  improvements  and  there  is  no  guarantee  that  we  may  recover  our  costs  timely.  As  a  result,  our  return  on  our 
investment and cash flow stream could be adversely affected.

Our existing indebtedness could affect our business adversely and limit our ability to plan for or respond to growth opportunities, 
and we may be unable to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy our liquidity needs.

As  of  December 31,  2016,  we  had  total  indebtedness  of  $115.0  million.  In  addition,  we  may  incur  substantial  additional 

indebtedness in the future. Our indebtedness could have important consequences, including:

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limiting  our  ability  to  obtain  future  additional  financing  we  may  need  to  fund  future  working  capital,  capital 
expenditures, acquisitions, or other corporate requirements; and

limiting,  by  the  financial  and  other  restrictive  covenants  in  our  debt  agreements,  our  ability  to  borrow additional funds 
and to pay dividends.

Our ability  to incur significant  future  indebtedness  will depend in part  on our ability  to generate  cash  flow. This ability  is 
affected  by  general  economic,  financial,  competitive,  legislative,  regulatory,  and  other  factors  that  are  beyond  our  control.  If  our 
business does not generate sufficient cash flow from operations or if we are unable to  borrow  money  or  otherwise  generate  funds 
sufficient  to  enable  us  to  fund  our  liquidity  needs,  we  may  be unable to plan for or respond to growth opportunities, which could 
adversely affect our operating results and business prospects.

Foreclosure rates in our service areas, as well as other factors affecting real estate development,  could affect the growth of our 
regulated customer base or result in a decline in our revenue.

A slowdown or severe downturn in the housing market could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial 
condition.  During periods of economic distress, there may be an increase in home foreclosures and vacancies. For example, during the 
economic downturn beginning in 2008, our utilities experienced an increase in the number of vacant homes, reaching a peak of 4,020 
vacant connections as of February 28, 2009, approximately 11.9% of our total connections at the time.  Accordingly, in the event of an 
economic downturn, we may experience a material reduction in revenues.  Although the U.S. economy and housing market continue 
to  recover,  we  cannot  predict  the  overall  trajectory  of  the  market.   Our  growth  depends  significantly  on  increased  residential  and 
commercial  development  in  our  service  areas,  and  if  developers  or  builders  are  unable  to  complete  additional  residential  and 
commercial projects, our revenue may decline.

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We are subject to adverse publicity and reputational risks, which make us vulnerable to negative customer perception and could 
lead to increased regulatory oversight or other sanctions. 

Water and wastewater utilities, including Palo Verde and Santa Cruz, have large customer bases and as a result are exposed 
to public criticism regarding, among other things, the reliability of their water and wastewater services, the quality of water provided, 
the  timeliness  and  accuracy  of  bills  that  are  provided  for  such  services,  and  the  quality  of  customer  service.  Adverse  publicity  and 
negative customer sentiment may render regulators and government officials less likely to view us in a favorable light, and may cause 
us  to  be  susceptible  to  less  favorable  regulatory  outcomes,  as  well  as  increased  regulatory  oversight  and  more  stringent  regulatory 
requirements.  Unfavorable  regulatory  outcomes  may  include  the  enactment  of  more  stringent  laws  and  regulations  governing  our 
operations, as well as fines, penalties or other sanctions or requirements. The imposition of any of the foregoing could have a material 
adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our water and wastewater systems are subject to condemnation by governmental authorities, which may result in the receipt of less 
than the fair market value of our assets and a loss of revenue from our operations.

Municipalities and other governmental subdivisions have historically been involved in the provision of water and wastewater 
services, and efforts may arise from time to time to convert some or all of our assets to public ownership and operation. Arizona law 
provides for the acquisition of public utility property by governmental agencies through their power of eminent domain, also known as 
condemnation.   Should a municipality or other governmental subdivision seek to acquire some or all of our assets through eminent 
domain, we would likely resist the acquisition.

Contesting an exercise of condemnation through eminent domain may result in costly legal proceedings and may divert the 
attention of our management from the operation of our business. Moreover, our efforts to resist any such condemnation may not be 
successful.

If a municipality or other governmental subdivision succeeds in acquiring some or all of our assets through eminent domain, 
there  is  a  risk  that  we  will  not  receive  adequate  compensation  for  such  assets  and  that  we  will  incur  significant  one-time  charges. 
Condemnation also results in a loss of revenue from the operations of the affected utility.

The assets of our former utility subsidiaries, Cave Creek Water Co. and Valencia Water Company, were acquired from us by 
municipalities pursuant to condemnation proceedings, and our other utility subsidiaries could be subjects of such proceedings in the 
future.

We may have difficulty accomplishing our growth strategy within and outside of our current service areas. This would cause us to 
rely more heavily on regulatory rate increases to increase our revenues.

Our  ability  to  expand  our  business,  both  within  our  current  service  areas  and  into  new  areas,  involves  significant  risks, 

including, but not limited to:

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not receiving or maintaining necessary regulatory permits, licenses, or approvals;

downturns in economic or population growth and development in our service areas;

risks  related  to  planning  and  commencing  new  operations,  including  inaccurate  assessment  of  the  demand  for  water, 
engineering and construction difficulties, and inability to begin operations as scheduled;

droughts or water shortages that could increase water conservation efforts to a point that materially reduces revenue;

regulatory restrictions or other factors that could adversely affect our access to sources of water supply;

our  potential  inability  to  identify  suitable  acquisition  opportunities  or  to  form  the  relationships  with  developers  and 
municipalities necessary to form strategic partnerships; and

barriers to entry presented by existing water utilities in prospective service areas.

If we are unable to execute our growth strategy effectively, we will need to rely more heavily on regulatory rate increases to 

increase our revenue. 

Operating costs, construction costs, and costs of providing services may rise faster than revenue.

The  ability  to  increase  rates  over  time  is  dependent  upon  approval  of  rate  increases  by  utility  regulators, which may be 
inclined, for political or other reasons, to limit rate increases. However, our costs are subject to market conditions and other factors, 

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and may increase significantly. The second largest component of our operating  costs  after  water  production  is  made  up  of  salaries 
and  wages.  These  costs  are  affected  by  the  local supply and demand for qualified  labor. Other large components of our costs are 
general  insurance,  workers’  compensation  insurance,  employee  benefits,  and  health  insurance  costs.  These  costs  may  increase 
disproportionately to rate increases authorized by utility regulators and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition 
and results of operations.

We  may  have  difficulty  recruiting  and  retaining  qualified  personnel,  and  due  to  the  technical  and  specialized  nature  of  our 
business, our profitability may suffer if we do not have the necessary workforce.

Our plants require some of our employees to be certified operators of record, a designation requiring specialized training and 
certification  in  water  and  wastewater  systems.  As  workers  with  these  qualifications  retire  in  the  industry,  we  may  be  unable  to 
replace  them  readily  in  view  of  the  relatively  low  number  of  younger  workers  that  we  believe  are  entering  the  workforce  to 
pursue this line of work. Our operations require a variety of other technical skills and specialties in the areas of engineering, systems 
analysis, laboratory work, and equipment repair, and we may have difficulty recruiting and retaining personnel with these skills. If we 
cannot maintain an employee base with the skills necessary to conduct our operations, our efficiency, margins, and ability to expand 
our business could be adversely affected.

Any disruption or problem at our facilities could increase our expenses.

A  natural  disaster  (such  as  an  earthquake,  fire,  or  flood)  or  an  act  of  terrorism  could  cause  substantial  delays  in  our 
operations,  damage  or  destroy  our  equipment  or  facilities,  and  cause  us  to  incur  additional  expenses  and  lose  revenue.  The 
insurance we maintain against natural disasters may not be adequate to cover our losses in any particular case, which would require us 
to expend significant resources to replace any destroyed assets, thereby materially and adversely affecting our financial condition and 
prospects.

Our growth depends significantly on increased residential and commercial development in our service areas, and if developers or 
builders are unable to complete additional residential and commercial projects, our revenue may not increase.

The  growth  of  our  customer  base  depends  almost  entirely  on  the  success  of  developers  in  developing  residential  and 
commercial properties within our Certificate of Convenience and Necessity (“CC&N”) areas. A CC&N is a permit issued by the ACC 
allowing a public service  corporation  to  serve  a  specified  area,  and  preventing  other  public  service  corporations  from  offering  the 
same  services  within  the  specified  area,  which  we  refer  to  as  “service  areas.”  Real  estate  development  is  a cyclical industry 
and the growth rate of development, especially residential development, since 2006, both nationally and in Arizona has been below 
historical rates. The sale of, for instance, single family residences is affected by a number of national and regional economic factors, 
including:

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interest rates and general levels of economic output;

levels of activity in the local real estate market;

the state of domestic credit markets, mortgage standards, and availability of credit;

competition from other builders and other projects in the area and other states;

federal programs to assist home purchasers;

costs and availability of labor and materials;

government regulations affecting land development, homebuilding, and mortgage financing;

availability of financing for development and for home purchasers;

changes in the income tax treatment of real property ownership;

unexpected increases in development costs;

increased commute times and fuel costs that may adversely affect the desirability of outlying suburbs;

availability of, among other things, other utilities, adequate transportation, and school facilities; and

environmental problems with such land.

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While many developers presently hold necessary zoning approvals, land development within our service areas could also be 
affected by changes in governmental policies, including, but not limited to, governmental policies to restrict or control development. 
This  may  include,  for  example,  actions  by  the  local  school  districts  to  restrict  admissions  to  local  schools  because  of  inadequate 
classroom  space  or,  because  of  other  problems,  such  as  failure  by  local  municipalities  to  approve  plats  for  the  development.  An 
increase  in  current  residential  foreclosure  rates  or  a  deep  or  prolonged  slowdown  of  the  development  process  and  the  related 
absorption  rate  within  the  various  developments  in  our  service  areas  because  of  any  or  all  of  the  foregoing  could  materially  and 
adversely affect growth of our customer base and the generation of revenue.

Many  national  builders  and  developers  in  our  service  areas  own or control  substantial  amounts  of the  developable  land  in 
these areas. There can be no assurance that these builders and developers have the financial capability to continue and complete their 
developments. 

We are subject to environmental risks that may subject us to clean-up costs or litigation that could adversely affect our business, 
operating results, financial condition, and prospects.

Under  various  federal  and  state  environmental  laws,  regulations,  ordinances,  and  other  requirements,  a  current  or 
previous  owner  or  operator  of  real  property  or  a  facility  may  be  liable  for  the  costs  of  removal,  remediation,  or  containment  of 
hazardous or toxic substances on, under, in, or released from such property. These liabilities are not limited to a potential effect on our 
water supply and include, but are not limited to, liabilities associated with  air, soil, or  groundwater contamination at any  real  estate 
or  facilities we  own  or  operate, including liabilities assumed in an acquisition of another utility. Environmental laws often impose 
liability regardless of whether the owner or operator knew of or was responsible for the presence of the hazardous or toxic substances. 
Although we currently conduct environmental screening assessments on new properties that we propose to acquire or use to identify 
significant  sources  of  contaminants  on  surrounding  properties,  these  assessments  are  not  comprehensive,  nor  have  they  been 
conducted for all of the property owned or used by us. As a result, hazardous or toxic substances may exist at properties  owned or 
used  by  us.  If  hazardous  or  toxic  substances  are  discovered  at  real  property  or  facilities  owned  or  used  by  us  (including  a 
landfill  owned  by another  party  that  is  used  by  us  for  disposal  of  hazardous  substances),  we  could  incur  significant  remediation 
costs, liability  exposure, or litigation  expenses that could adversely affect our profitability,  results of operations, liquidity, and cash 
flows.

Any failure of our network of water and wastewater pipes and water reservoirs could result in losses and damages that may affect 
our financial condition and reputation.

Our  utilities  distribute  water  and  collect  wastewater  through  an  extensive  network  of  pipes  and  store  water in reservoirs 
located  across  our service  areas.  A failure  of major  pipes  or reservoirs  could  result  in injuries  and property  damage  for  which  we 
may  be  liable.  The  failure  of  major  pipes  and  reservoirs  may  also  result  in  the need to shut down some facilities  or parts of our 
network  in  order  to  conduct  repairs.  Any  failures  and  shutdowns  may  limit  our  ability  to  supply  water  in  sufficient  quantities  to 
customers  and  to  meet  the  water  and  wastewater  delivery  requirements  prescribed  by  applicable  utility  regulators,  which  would 
adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, liquidity, and reputation.

Our  utilities  business  is  subject  to  seasonal  fluctuations  and  other  weather-related  conditions,  such  as  droughts,  which  could 
adversely affect the supply of and demand for our services and our results of operations.

We  depend  on  an  adequate  water  supply  to  meet  the  present  and  future  needs  of  our  customers.  Whether  we  have  an 
adequate  water  supply  depends  upon  a  variety  of  factors,  including  underground  water  supply  from  which  groundwater  is 
pumped, the rate at which it is recharged by rainfall and snowpack, and changes in the amount  of  water  used  by  our  customers.  In 
particular,  the  arid  western  U.S.  region,  which  includes  our  present  and  potential  service  areas,  has  been  required  to  deal  with 
general conditions of water scarcity exacerbated by extended periods of drought.

Drought conditions could interfere with our sources of water supply and could adversely affect our ability to supply water in 
sufficient  quantities  to  our  existing  and  future  customers.  For  example,  our  utilities  have  acted  in  the  past  as  interim  operators  for 
several smaller troubled water systems, at the request of the ACC. In one such instance, the onsite well, which was the single source 
of  water,  ran  dry  due  to  aquifer  decline.  As  a  result,  we  were  forced  to  haul  water  to  the  system  for  several  years  at  a 
considerable  cost.  Any future  interruption  to  our  water  supply  or  restrictions  on  water  usage  during  drought  conditions  or  other 
legal limitations on water use could result in decreased customer billing and lower revenues or higher expenses that we would not be 
able to recoup without prior regulatory approval for a rate increase, which may not be granted. These conditions  could also lead to 
increases in capital expenditures needed to build infrastructure to  secure  alternative water  sources.  Furthermore, customers may  use 
less  water  even  after  a drought has ended because of conservation patterns developed during the drought. Population growth could 
also decline under drought conditions as individuals and businesses move out of the area or elect not to relocate there. Lower water 
use for any reason could lead to lower revenue.

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Demand  for  water  is seasonal  and varies  with temperature  and rainfall  levels.  If temperatures  during the typically  warmer 
months  are  cooler  than  normal,  or  if  there  is  more  rainfall  than  normal,  the  demand  for  our water  may  decrease,  which  would 
adversely  affect  our  profitability,  results  of  operations,  liquidity,  and  cash flows. Consequently, the results of operations for one 
quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for future quarters or the full year.

Risks  associated  with  the  collection,  treatment,  and  disposal  of  wastewater  and  the  operation  of  water  utilities  may  impose 
significant costs that may not be covered by insurance, which could result in increased insurance premiums.

The wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal operations of our utilities are subject to substantial regulation and involve 
significant  environmental  risks.  If  collection  or  sewage  systems  fail,  overflow,  or  do  not  operate  properly,  untreated  wastewater  or 
other contaminants could spill onto nearby properties or into nearby streams  and  rivers,  potentially  causing  damage  to  persons  or 
property,  injury  to  the  environment  including aquatic life, and economic damages, which may not be recoverable in rates. This risk 
is  most  acute  during  periods  of  substantial  rainfall  or  flooding,  which  are  the  main  causes  of  sewer  overflow  and  system  failure. 
Liabilities  resulting  from  such  damage  could  adversely  and  materially  affect  our  business,  results  of  operations,  and  financial 
condition.  Moreover,  in  the  event  that  we  are  deemed  liable  for  any  damage  caused  by  overflow,  losses  might  not  be  covered  by 
insurance  policies,  and  such  losses  may  make  it  difficult  to  secure  insurance  in  the  future  at  acceptable  insurance  premium  rates. 
Similarly,  any  related  business  interruption  or  other  losses  might  not  be  covered  by  insurance  policies,  which  would  also  make  it 
difficult for us to secure insurance in the future at acceptable insurance premium rates.

We  may  also  incur  liabilities  under  environmental  laws  and  regulations  requiring  investigations  and  cleanup  of 
environmental  contamination  at  our  properties  or  at  off-site  locations  where  there  have  been  adverse  environmental  impacts.  The 
discovery of previously unknown conditions, or the imposition of cleanup obligations in the future, could result in significant costs, 
and could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, and liquidity. Such remediation losses may not be 
covered by insurance policies and may make it difficult for us to secure insurance in the future at acceptable insurance premium rates.

Contamination  of  the  water  supplied  by  us  may  result  in  disruption  in  our  services,  loss  of  credibility,  lower  demand  for  our 
services, and potential liability that could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Our  water  supplies  are  subject  to  contamination,  including  contamination  from  compounds,  chemicals  in  groundwater 
systems,  pollution  resulting  from  man-made  sources  (such  as  perchlorate  and  methyl  tertiary  butyl  ether),  and  possible  biological 
terrorist attacks. Contamination of water sources can lead to human death and illness, damage to natural resources and other parts of 
the environment, and cause other harms. Among other things, if we are found to be liable for consequences of water contamination 
arising out of human exposure to hazardous substances in our water supplies or other damage, we would be subject to civil or criminal 
enforcement  actions,  litigation,  and  other  proceedings  or  clean  up  obligations.  Further,  our  insurance  policies  may  not  apply  or  be 
sufficient to cover the costs of these claims, which could be significant.

Cleaning  up  water  sources  can  be  very  expensive  and  if  we  are  required  to  do  so,  it  could  have  a  material and adverse 
effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. In the event that our water supply is contaminated, we may have to 
interrupt or stop the use of that water supply until we are able to treat the water or to substitute the supply of water from another water 
source,  including,  in  some  cases,  through  the  purchase  of  water  from  a  supplier.  We  may  incur  significant  costs  in  order  to  warn 
consumers  and  to  treat  the  contaminated  source  through  expansion  of  current  treatment  facilities  or  development  of  new  treatment 
methods.  Using  a  new  water  source  is  generally  associated  with  increased  costs  compared  to  an  existing  water  source  and,  as 
indicated above, purchasing water is typically more expensive than obtaining the water from other means. If we are unable to treat or 
substitute  our  water  supply  in  a  cost-effective  manner,  our  financial  condition,  results  of  operations,  cash  flow,  liquidity,  and 
reputation  may  be  adversely  affected.  We  may  not  be  able  to  recover  costs  associated  with  treating  contaminated  water  or 
developing new sources of supply through the rate setting process or through insurance.

We depend on an adequate supply of electricity and chemicals for the delivery of our water, and an interruption in the supply of 
these inputs or increases in their prices could adversely affect our results of operations.

We rely on purchased electrical power to operate the wells and pumps that are needed in order to supply potable and recycled 
water  to  our  customers.  An  extended  interruption  in  power  supply  that  we  cannot  remediate  through  the  use  of  backup  generators 
could adversely affect our ability to continue these operations. Electrical power, which represented approximately  6.1% of our total 
operating expenses in fiscal year 2016, is a significant and potentially volatile operating expense. Electrical power costs are beyond 
our control and can increase unpredictably in substantial amounts. Under these circumstances, our cash flows between our general rate 
case filings and our earnings may be adversely affected until the ACC has authorized a rate increase.

In  addition,  we  require  bulk  supplies  of  chemicals  for  water  and  wastewater  treatment,  and  if  we  were  to  suffer  an 
interruption of supply that we cannot replace quickly, we might not be able to perform these functions adequately. Some chemicals 
are  available  from  a  single  source  or  a  limited  number  of  sources.  Chemical  costs  represented  approximately  2.2%  of  our  total 
operating expenses in fiscal year 2016.

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If future acquisitions do not achieve sufficient profitability relative to expenses and investment, our business and ability to finance 
our operations could be materially adversely affected.

A typical element of a utility growth strategy is the acquisition or development of other water and wastewater utilities. The 
potential negotiation of future acquisitions and development of new projects could require us to incur significant costs and expose us 
to significant risks, including:

•

•

•

•

•

risks relating to the condition of assets acquired and exposure to residual liabilities of prior businesses;

operating risks, including equipment, technology and supply problems, regulatory requirements, and approvals necessary 
for acquisitions;

risks that potential acquisitions may require the disproportionate attention of our senior management, which could distract 
them from the management of our existing business;

risks related to our ability to retain experienced personnel of the acquired company; and

risks that certain acquisitions may require regulatory approvals, which could be refused or delayed and which could result 
in unforeseen regulatory expenses or unfavorable regulatory conditions.

These issues could have a material adverse effect on our business and our ability to finance our operations. The businesses 
and  other  assets  we  acquire  in  the  future  may  not  achieve  sufficient  revenue  or  profitability  to  justify  our  investment,  and  any 
difficulties  we  may  encounter  in  the  integration  process  could  interfere  with  our  operations  and  reduce  operating  margins. 
Acquisitions  could  also  result  in  dilutive  issuance  of  our  equity  securities,  incurrence  of  debt  and  contingent  liabilities,  and 
fluctuations in quarterly results and expenses.

We face risks associated with the design, construction, and operation of our systems  that may adversely  affect our business and 
financial condition.

We  are  responsible  for  the  design,  construction,  installation,  and  maintenance  of  our  water  treatment,  reclamation,  and 
distribution systems. We could be adversely affected by a failure to complete our construction projects  on  time  or  on  budget,  and  a 
substantial  delay  in  the  progress  of  construction  due  to  adverse  weather, work stoppages, shortages of materials, non-issuances of 
permits,  nonperformance  of  suppliers  or  contractors,  or  other  factors  could  result  in  a  material  increase  in  the  overall  cost  of  such 
projects.

We cannot guarantee that our systems will operate as designed or be free from defects. The failure of our systems to operate 
properly could cause significant public harm. Any defects in our systems or significant reliability, quality, or performance problems 
with respect to our systems or services could have a number of negative effects on our profitability,  results of operations, liquidity, 
and cash flows, including:

•

•

•

•

•

•

loss of revenues;

diversion of management and development resources and the attention of engineering personnel;

significant customer relations problems;

increased repair, support, and insurance expenses;

adverse regulatory actions; and

legal actions for damages by our customers, including but not limited to damages based on commercial losses and effects 
on human health.

Our  ability  to  expand  into  new  service  areas  and  to  expand  current  water  and  wastewater  service  depends  on  approval  from 
regulatory agencies. Failure to obtain required regulatory approvals will adversely affect future growth.

In Arizona, the ACC is the regulatory authority that oversees the formation, expansion, and ongoing operations of water and 
wastewater  utilities.  The  ACC  has  authority,  among  other  things,  to  determine  service  areas  for  utility  providers.  In  order  for  our 
owned utilities to provide water or wastewater service, they must obtain a CC&N for a service area before they can service that area. 
In  addition,  our  owned  utilities  and/or  the  developments  that  we  serve  must  demonstrate  to  the  Arizona  Department  of  Water 
Resources that there exists a 100-year water supply and obtain either a “Certificate of Assured Water Supply,” which is a certificate 
issued  by  the  Arizona  Department  of  Water  Resources  evidencing  sufficient  groundwater,  surface  water,  or  effluent  of  adequate 

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quality  will  be  continuously available  to  satisfy  the  water  needs  of  the  proposed  use  for  at  least  one  hundred  years  and  which 
applies  to  a specific  subdivision,  or a Designation  of Assured  Water  Supply, which  applies  to the utility’s  entire  service  area.  The 
designation  area  is  coterminous  with  the  CC&N.  Further,  our  wastewater  facilities  require  Arizona  Department  of  Environmental 
Quality and/or EPA permits that regulate, among other things, the level of discharges from our facilities, the size of our facilities, and 
the location of our facilities. Any inability  to  obtain  the  necessary  regulatory  approvals,  assured  water  supplies,  or  environmental 
permits  would limit our ability to expand our water or wastewater service areas.

If we chose to expand to states other than Arizona, we may have difficulty acquiring the necessary approvals and permits or 
complying  with  environmental,  health  and  safety,  or  quality  standards  of  such  states.  See  “—Doing  business  in  jurisdictions  other 
than  Arizona  may  present  unforeseen  regulatory,  legal,  and  operational  challenges  that  could  impede  or  delay  our  operations  or 
adversely affect our profitability.”

We will need additional capital to grow our business, and additional financing may not be available to us on favorable terms when 
required, or at all.

Adequate funds to support our growth may not be available when needed or on terms acceptable to us. We may need to raise 
additional funds to support more rapid expansion, improve our facilities and infrastructure, develop new and enhanced technologies, 
or  respond  to  evolving  regulatory  standards.  We  may  experience  difficulty  in  raising  the  necessary  capital  due  to  volatility  in  the 
capital  markets  or  increases  in  the  cost  of  infrastructure  finance.  Increasingly  stringent  bond  rating  standards  could  make  it  more 
difficult for us to finance our growth by issuing tax-exempt bonds as we have in the past. In addition, we require regulatory approval 
from the ACC for some means of  raising capital, such  as  issuance of  debt by  our regulated utilities, and approval may be denied or 
delayed.  If  adequate  funds  are  not  available  or  are  not  available  on  acceptable  terms,  we  may  not  be  able  to  take  advantage  of 
expansion opportunities, make the capital expenditures necessary to support our growth, or otherwise execute our strategic plan.

Increased operating expenses associated with the expansion of our business may negatively impact our operating income.

Increased operating expenses associated with any expansion of our business may negatively impact our income as we, among 

other things:

•

•

seek to acquire new service areas;

expand geographically in and outside of Arizona;

• make significant capital expenditures to support our ability to provide services in our existing service areas;

•

•

fund development costs for our system and technology; and

incur increased general and administrative expenses as we grow.

As a result of these factors, we may not sustain or increase our profitability on an ongoing basis.

There is no guaranteed source of water.

Our  ability  to  meet  the  existing  and  future  water  demands  of  our  customers  depends  on  an  adequate  supply  of  water. 
Regulatory restrictions on the use of groundwater and the development of groundwater wells, lack of available water rights, drought, 
overuse of local or regional sources of water, protection of threatened species or habitats, or other factors, including climate change, 
may limit the availability of ground or surface water.

As stated above, our primary source of water is pumping of groundwater from aquifers within service areas. In the event that 
our  wells  cannot  meet  customer  demand,  we  can  purchase  water  from  surrounding  municipalities,  agencies,  and  other  utilities. 
However,  the  cost  of  purchasing  water  is  typically  more  expensive than producing it. Furthermore, these alternative  sources may 
not always have an adequate supply to sell to us.

To date, we have been able to produce enough water to meet current customer requirements. However, no assurance can be 
given that we will be able to produce or purchase enough water to fully satisfy future customer demand.  We  can  make  no  guarantee 
that  we  will  always  have  access  to  an  adequate  supply  of  water  that  will meet all quality standards, or that the cost of water will 
not adversely affect our operating results.

If we are unable to access adequate water supplies, we may be unable to satisfy all customer demand, which could result in 

rationing. Rationing may have an adverse effect on cash flow from operations.

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Water shortages may affect us in a variety of ways. For example, water shortages could:

adversely affect water supply mix by causing us to rely on more expensive purchased water;

adversely affect operating costs;

increase the risk of contamination to water systems due to the inability to maintain sufficient pressure;

increase capital expenditures for building pipelines to connect to alternative sources of supply, new wells to replace those 
that are no longer in service or are otherwise inadequate to meet the needs of customers, and reservoirs and other facilities 
to conserve or reclaim water; and

result in regulatory authorities refusing to approve new service areas if an adequate water supply cannot be demonstrated 
and restrictions on new customer connections may be imposed in existing service areas if there is not sufficient water.

•

•

•

•

•

We may or may not be able to recover increased operating and construction costs as a result of water shortages on a timely 

basis, or at all, for our regulated systems through the rate setting process.

Inadequate water and wastewater supplies could have a material  adverse effect upon our ability  to achieve the customer growth 
necessary to increase our revenues.

In  many  areas  of  Arizona  (including  certain  areas  that  we  service),  water  supplies  are  limited  and,  in  some  cases,  current 
usage rates exceed sustainable levels for certain water resources. As discussed above, we currently rely predominantly (and are likely 
to continue to rely) on the pumping of groundwater and the generation and delivery of recycled water for non-potable uses to meet 
future  demands  in  our  service  areas.  At  present,  groundwater  (and  recycled  water  derived  from  groundwater)  is  the  primary  water 
supply available to us.

We do not currently anticipate any short-term concerns with physical, legal, or continuous availability issues in our service 
areas. Regardless, the supply of groundwater in Central Arizona, while considerable, is also ultimately finite, closely regulated, and 
geographically limited. In areas where we have not applied for a “Designation  of  Assured  Water  Supply,”  which  is  a  decision  and 
order  issued  by  the  director  of  the  Arizona Department of Water Resources designating a private water company provider as having 
an adequate water supply, we have not performed hydrological studies or modeling to evaluate the amount of groundwater likely to be 
available  to  meet  present  and  expected  future  demands.  Insofar  as  we  intend  to  rely  on  the  pumping  of  groundwater  and  the 
generation  and  delivery  of  recycled  water  to  meet  future  demands  in  our  current  service areas,  our  ability  and/or  the  ability  of 
developers  inside  of  our  service  areas  to  meet  regulatory  requirements  and  to  demonstrate  assured  and  adequate  water  supplies  is 
essential to the continued growth of our service connections and our capacity to supply water to our customers.

Insufficient availability of water or wastewater treatment capacity could materially and adversely affect our ability to provide 
for expected customer growth necessary to increase revenues. We continuously look for new sources of water to augment our reserves 
in our service areas, but have not yet obtained surface water rights. Our ability to obtain such rights may depend on factors beyond our 
control, such as the future availability of Colorado River water supplies. We also plan to construct facilities and obtain the necessary 
permits  to  recharge  recycled  water  to  stretch  and  augment  our  existing  and  planned  future  water  supplies,  but  do  not  yet  have  this 
capability in all  of  our  service  areas.  As  a  result,  it  is  possible  that,  in  the  future,  we  will  not  be  able  to  obtain  sufficient  water or 
water supplies to increase customer growth necessary to increase or even maintain our revenues.

We are subject to industrial risks that could adversely affect our results of operations.

The operations of our water and wastewater treatment plants involve physical, chemical, and biological processes and the use 
of  pumps,  generators,  and  other  industrial  equipment.  As  a  result,  our  operations  are  subject  to  various  industrial  risks,  including 
chemical  spills,  discharges  or  releases  of  toxic  or  hazardous  substances  or  gases,  effects  resulting  from  confined  operating  spaces, 
fires,  explosions,  mechanical  failures,  storage  tank  leaks,  and  electric  shock.  These  risks  can  result  in  personal  injury,  loss  of  life, 
catastrophic damage to or destruction of property and equipment or environmental damage, and related legal proceedings, including 
those  commenced  by  regulators,  neighbors,  or  others.  They  may  also  result  in  an  unanticipated  interruption  or  suspension  of  our 
operations and the imposition of liability. The loss or shutdown over an extended period of operations at any of our treatment facilities 
or any losses relating to these risks could have a material adverse impact on our profitability, results of operations, liquidity, and cash 
flows.

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Doing  business  in  jurisdictions  other  than  Arizona  may  present  unforeseen  regulatory,  legal,  and  operational  challenges  that 
could impede or delay our operations or adversely affect our profitability.

We may decide to pursue growth opportunities in states other than Arizona. Other states may present substantially different 
regulatory frameworks, and we may have difficulty acquiring the necessary approvals and permits  or  complying  with  environmental, 
health  and  safety,  or  quality  standards.  In  addition,  it  may  become more costly or difficult  for us to comply with a multitude of 
standards and requirements across multiple states.

Other states may also expose us to new legal precedents, condemnation risks, and liability concerns based on state legislation 

or case law.

Our  cost  structure  in  other  states  may  be  significantly  different  than  our  current  cost  structure  due  to  regional 
differences. For example, our cost structure may be significantly impacted by differences in labor and energy costs in other markets 
and the significant portion of overall production costs that they represent.

We face competition for new service areas and acquisition targets.

We  face  competition  from  other  water  and  wastewater  utilities  for  new  service  areas  and  with  respect  to acquisitions of 
smaller utilities. These competitors  consist primarily of municipalities  and investor-owned utilities seeking expansion opportunities. 
Some of our competitors are larger than we are and have more resources and access to capital than we do. If we are unable to compete 
effectively  for  new  service  areas  and  acquisitions  of  existing  utilities,  our  ability  to  increase  our  rate  base  and  revenue  could  be 
adversely affected.

If the general public perceives recycled water to be unsafe, we will have difficulty  executing our business plan and could face a 
loss of revenue.

Our  Total  Water  Management  model  emphasizes  the  maximum  use  of  recycled  water  for  non-potable  purposes.  To 
implement  this  model,  we  cultivate  relationships  with  developers,  municipalities,  and  members  of the communities  we serve and 
focus  on  educating  them  regarding  the  benefits  and  safety  of  recycled  water.  If  the  recycled  water  supplied  to  customers  is 
contaminated,  either  as  a  result  of  terrorism,  system  failure,  pipeline,  or  other  causes,  public  perception  regarding  the  safety  of 
recycled water would likely suffer, regardless of whether we are at fault and potentially even if the contaminated water was supplied 
by  another  person.  For  example,  if  groundwater  contamination  occurs  as  a  result  of  discharge  of  “gray  water”  (e.g.,  used  sink  or 
laundry  water)  into  the  aquifer,  the  public  could  confuse  that  with  recycled  water  and  attribute  environmental  harm  to  our  system. 
Public  perception  of  an  unsafe  water  supply  would  harm  our  business,  particularly  with  respect  to  our  ability  to  implement  water 
recycling as a key element of our business strategy.

Risks Related to the Ownership of Our Common Stock 

The  concentration  of  our  stock  ownership  with  our  officers,  directors,  certain  stockholders,  and  their  affiliates  will  limit  your 
ability to influence corporate matters.

Our directors, executive officers, and stockholders holding more than 5% of our capital stock and their affiliates beneficially 
own,  in  the  aggregate,  approximately  53%  of  our  outstanding  common  stock.  As  a  result,  these  stockholders  are  able  to  exercise 
significant  influence  over  all  matters  requiring  stockholder  approval,  including  the  election  of  directors  and  approval  of  significant 
corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of us or our assets. This concentration of ownership could limit your ability to 
influence corporate matters and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a third party from acquiring control over us. There can 
be no assurance that their interests will not conflict with the interests of our other stockholders. 

Our common stock may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be able to resell your 
shares at or above your purchase price.

The market price for our common stock is likely to be volatile, in part because our shares recently began trading publicly. 
Many  factors,  which  are  outside  our  control,  may  cause  the  market  price  of  our  common  stock  to  fluctuate  significantly,  including 
those described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section, as well as the following: 









our operating and financial performance and prospects;

our quarterly or annual earnings or those of other companies in our industry compared to market expectations;

conditions that impact demand for our services;

future announcements concerning our business or our competitors’ businesses;

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the public’s reaction to our press releases, other public announcements, and filings with the SEC;

the size of our public float;

coverage by or changes in financial estimates by investment analysts or failure to meet their expectations;

the market’s reaction to our reduced disclosure as a result of being an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart 
Our Business Startups Act (the "JOBS Act");

 market and industry perception of our success, or lack thereof, in pursuing our growth strategy;







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



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

strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;

changes in laws or regulations which adversely affect our industry or us;

changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations, or principles;

changes in senior management or key personnel;

issuances, exchanges, or sales, or expected issuances, exchanges, or sales of our capital stock;

changes in our dividend policy;

adverse resolution of new or pending litigation against us; and

changes  in  general  market,  economic,  and  political  conditions  in  the  U.S.,  and  global  economies  or  financial  markets, 
including those resulting from natural disasters, terrorist attacks, acts of war, and responses to such events.

In addition, stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect 
the  market  prices  of  equity  securities  of  many  companies  in  our  industry.  In  the  past,  stockholders  have  instituted  securities  class 
action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were involved in securities litigation, we could incur substantial costs and 
our resources and the attention of management could be diverted from our business. 

We incur costs as a result of being a public company in the U.S.

As a public company in the U.S., we will incur significant legal, accounting, insurance, and other expenses, including costs 
associated with U.S. public company reporting requirements. The expenses incurred by U.S. public companies generally for reporting 
and  corporate  governance  purposes  have  been  increasing.  We  expect  these  rules  and  regulations  to  increase  our  legal  and  financial 
compliance costs and to make some activities more time-consuming and costly. These laws and regulations could also make it more 
difficult or costly for us to obtain certain types of insurance, including director and officer liability insurance, and we may be forced to 
accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. These laws and 
regulations could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors, our board 
committees, or as our executive officers. Furthermore, if we are unable to satisfy our obligations as a public company, we could be 
subject to delisting of our common stock, fines, sanctions and other regulatory action, and potentially civil litigation. 

Substantial future sales of our common stock, or the perception in the public markets that these sales may occur, may depress our 
stock price.

Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could 

adversely affect the price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional shares. 

We also intend to file a registration statement registering under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), 
the shares of our common stock reserved for issuance in respect of stock options and other incentive awards granted to our officers 
and certain of our employees. If these officers or employees cause a large number of securities to be sold in the public market, such 
sales could also reduce the trading price of our common stock and impede our ability to raise future capital. 

If our operating and financial performance in any given period does not meet the guidance that we provide to the public or the 
expectations of investment analysts, our stock price may decline.

We may provide public guidance on our expected operating and financial results for future periods. Any such guidance will 
be comprised of forward-looking statements subject to the risks and uncertainties described in this Form 10-K and in our other public 
filings  and  public  statements.  Whether  or  not  we  provide  guidance,  investment  analysts  may  publish  their  estimates  of  our  future 

-28-

financial performance. Our actual results may not always be in line with or exceed any guidance we have provided or the expectations 
of investment analysts, especially in times of economic uncertainty. If, in the future, our operating or financial results for a particular 
period  do  not  meet  any  guidance  we  provide  or  the  expectations  of  investment  analysts  or  if  we  or  investment  analysts  reduce 
estimates of our performance for future periods, the market price of our common stock may decline. 

If  investment  analysts  cease  to  publish  research  or  reports  about  our  business  or  if  they  publish  negative  evaluations  of  our 
common stock, the price of our common stock could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will rely in part on the research and reports that investment analysts publish about 
us or our business. However, if no or few analysts commence coverage of the Company, the trading price of our stock would likely 
decrease.  Even  if  we  do  obtain  such  analyst  coverage,  if  one  or  more  of  the  analysts  covering  our  business  downgrade  their 
evaluations of our stock, the price of our common stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover our common 
stock, we could lose visibility in the market for our stock, which in turn could cause our common stock price to decline. 

Our  failure  to  achieve  and  maintain  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  in  accordance  with  Section  404  of  the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act as a public company could have a material adverse effect on our business and share price. 

Prior  to  the  completion  of  the  initial  public  offering,  we  did  not  have  to  independently  comply  with  Section 404(a)  of  the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  starting  with  the  second  annual  report  that  we  would  expect  to  file  with  the  SEC. 
Additionally,  once  we  are  no  longer  an  emerging  growth  company,  as  defined  by  the  JOBS  Act,  our  independent  registered  public 
accounting  firm  will  be  required  pursuant  to  Section 404(b)  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  to  attest  to  the  effectiveness  of  our  internal 
control over financial reporting on an annual basis. The rules governing the standards that must be met for our management to assess 
our internal control over financial reporting are complex and require significant documentation, testing, and possible remediation. 

Internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a  process  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of 
financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles.  We  are 
currently in the process of reviewing, documenting, and testing our internal control over financial reporting, but we are not currently 
in  compliance  with,  and  we  cannot  be  certain  when  we  will  be  able  to  implement  the  requirements  of  Section 404(a).  We  may 
encounter  problems  or  delays  in  implementing  any  changes  necessary  to  make  a  favorable  assessment  of  our  internal  control  over 
financial  reporting.  In  addition,  we  may  encounter  problems  or  delays  in  completing  the  implementation  of  any  requested 
improvements  and  receiving  a  favorable  attestation  in  connection  with  the  attestation  to  be  provided  by  our  independent  registered 
public  accounting  firm  after  we  cease  to  be  an  emerging  growth  company.  If  we  cannot  favorably  assess  the  effectiveness  of  our 
internal control over financial reporting, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to provide an unqualified 
attestation report on our internal controls after we cease to be an emerging growth company, investors could lose confidence in our 
financial information and the price of our common stock could decline. 

Additionally,  the  existence  of  any  material  weakness  or  significant  deficiency  would  require  management  to  devote 
significant time and incur significant expense to remediate any such material weakness or significant deficiency and management may 
not  be  able  to  remediate  any  such  material  weakness  or  significant  deficiency  in  a  timely  manner.  The  existence  of  any  material 
weakness in our internal control over financial reporting could also result in errors in our financial statements that could require us to 
restate our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, and cause stockholders to lose confidence in our 
reported financial information, all of which could materially and adversely affect our business and share price. 

We  cannot  assure  you  that  we  will  pay  dividends  on  our  common  stock,  and  our  indebtedness  could  limit  our  ability  to  pay 
dividends on our common stock.

We  intend  to  continue  to  pay  a  regular  monthly  dividend  on  our  common  stock  of  $0.0225  per  share  ($0.27  per  share 
annually),  or an aggregate  of approximately  $5.3 million  on an annual  basis. However, our future dividend  policy  is subject  to our 
compliance  with  applicable  law,  and  depending  on,  among  other  things,  our  results  of  operations,  financial  condition,  level  of 
indebtedness,  capital  requirements,  contractual  restrictions,  restrictions  in  our  debt  agreements  and  in  any  preferred  stock  we  may 
issue in the future, business prospects, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. Dividend payments are not 
mandatory or guaranteed; there can be no assurance that we will continue to pay a dividend in the future. 

Taking advantage of the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies may make our common stock 
less attractive to investors. 

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. As 
such, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public 
companies  that  are  not  emerging  growth  companies  including,  but  not  limited  to,  (i) not  being  required  to  comply  with  the  auditor 
attestation  requirements  of  Section 404(b)  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act;  (ii) reduced  disclosure  obligations  regarding  executive 

-29-

compensation  in  our  periodic  reports  and  proxy  statements;  and  (iii) exemptions  from  the  requirements  of  holding  a  non-binding 
advisory vote on executive compensation and of shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We 
have elected to adopt these reduced disclosure requirements. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive 
as a result of our taking advantage of these exemptions and as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock 
and our stock price may be more volatile. 

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended 
transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other 
words,  an  emerging  growth  company  can  delay  the  adoption  of  certain  accounting  standards  until  those  standards  would  otherwise 
apply  to  private  companies.  We  are  choosing  to  take  advantage  of  this  extended  transition  provision.  See  “—Risks  Related  to  the 
Ownership of Our Common Stock—Our election to take advantage of the JOBS Act extended accounting transition period may make 
our financial statements more difficult to compare to other public companies.” 

We could remain an emerging growth company for up to five years or until the earliest of (i) the last day of the first fiscal 
year in which our annual gross revenues exceed $1 billion; (ii) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 
12b-2  under  the  Exchange  Act,  which  would  occur  if  the  market  value  of  our  common  stock  that  is  held  by  non-affiliates  exceeds 
$700  million  as  of  the  last  business  day  of  our  most  recently  completed  second  fiscal  quarter;  and  (iii) the  date  on  which  we  have 
issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the preceding three-year period. 

Our election to take advantage of the JOBS Act extended accounting transition period may make our financial statements more 
difficult to compare to other public companies. 

Pursuant to the JOBS Act, as an “emerging growth company,” we must make an election to opt in or opt out of the extended 
transition  period  for  any  new  or  revised  accounting  standards  that  may  be  issued  by  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board 
(“FASB”). We have elected to opt in and take advantage of this extended transition provision. This means that, when a standard is 
issued  or  revised  and  it  has  different  application  dates  for  public  or  private  companies,  we  can,  for  so  long  as  we  are  an  emerging 
growth company, adopt the timeline applicable for private companies. This may make comparison of our financial statements with any 
other  public  company  that  is  not  an  emerging  growth  company  (or  an  emerging  growth  company  that  has  opted  out  of  using  the 
extended transition provision) difficult or impossible as a result of our use of different accounting standards. 

Delaware law, certain provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, and regulations of the ACC may prevent efforts by 
our stockholders to change the direction or management of the Company. 

We are a Delaware corporation, and the anti-takeover provisions of Delaware law impose various impediments to the ability 
of a third party to acquire control of us, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. In addition, our 
amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that may make the acquisition 
of our company more difficult, including, but not limited to, the following: 











only  allowing  our  board  of  directors,  Chairman  of  our  board  of  directors,  Chief  Executive  Officer,  or  President  to  call 
special meetings of our stockholders;

setting forth specific procedures regarding how our stockholders may present proposals or nominate directors for election 
at stockholder meetings;

requiring advance notice and duration of ownership requirements for stockholder proposals;

permitting our board of directors to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval; and

limiting the rights of stockholders to amend our bylaws.

These  provisions  could  discourage,  delay,  or  prevent  a  transaction  involving  a  change  in  control  of  our  company.  These 
provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your 
choosing  and  cause  us  to  take  other  corporate  actions  you  desire.  In  addition,  because  our  board  of  directors  is  responsible  for 
appointing  the  members  of  our  management  team,  these  provisions  could  in  turn  affect  any  attempt  by  our  stockholders  to  replace 
current members of our management team. 

Additionally, the ACC must determine that certain types of transactions will not impair our financial status, prevent us from 
attracting capital at fair and reasonable terms, or impair our ability to provide safe, reasonable, and adequate service. Pursuant to this 
regulatory  mandate,  the  ACC  may  impose  conditions  that  could  discourage,  delay,  or  prevent  a  transaction  involving  a  change  in 
control of our company. 

-30-

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2.

PROPERTIES

The following table lists the properties that we own or lease: 

Nature of Property

Corporate Offices
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Global Water Center - Regional Office
Wastewater Utility Plant
Water Utility Plant
Water Utility Plant
Water Utility Plant
Water Utility Plant

Location

Operated By

Owned or Leased

Phoenix, Arizona
Maricopa, Arizona
Maricopa, Arizona
8 Lift Stations - Maricopa, Arizona
15 Well Sites - Maricopa, Arizona
5 Water Distribution Sites - Maricopa, Arizona
9 sites - Western Maricopa County, Arizona
4 sites - Northern Maricopa County, Arizona

Global Water Resources, Inc.
Global Water - Palo Verde Utilities Company
Global Water - Palo Verde Utilities Company
Global Water - Palo Verde Utilities Company
Global Water - Santa Cruz Water Company
Global Water - Santa Cruz Water Company
Water Utility of Greater Tonopah, Inc.
Water Utility of Northern Scottsdale, Inc.

Leased
Owned
Owned
Owned
Owned
Owned
Owned
Owned

We believe that our existing properties are adequate to meet our current needs.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the ordinary course of business, we may, from time to time, be subject to various pending and threatened lawsuits in which 
claims for monetary damages are asserted. To our knowledge, we are not involved in any legal proceeding which is expected to have a 
material effect on us.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

-31-

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER 

PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

PART II

Market Information

Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “GWRS”. Our common 
stock  began  trading  on  the  NASDAQ  on  April  28,  2016.  There  was  no  public  market  for  GWRS  common  stock  prior  to 
April 28, 2016.

The  following  table  sets  forth,  for  the  quarterly  periods  indicated,  the  high  and  low  sales  price  of  our  common  stock  as 

reported on NASDAQ from April 28, 2016 through December 31, 2016:

Fiscal Quarter
1st Quarter
2nd Quarter (from April 28, 2016)
3rd Quarter
4th Quarter

  $
  $
  $
  $

High

2016

—    $
8.97    $
9.18    $
9.29    $

Low

— 
6.23 
7.36 
7.56  

Shareholders

As of March 3, 2017, there were approximately 8 shareholders of record of our common stock. Because many shares of our 
common  stock  are  held  by  brokers  and  other  institutions  on  behalf  of  stockholders,  we  are  unable  to  estimate  the  total  number  of 
stockholders represented by these holders of record. 

Dividends

For the year ended December 31, 2016, we paid cash dividends to holders of our common stock totaling $5.0 million, which 
included: from January 2016 through April 2016, a monthly dividend of CAD$0.0283 per share; from May 2016 through June 2016, a 
monthly dividend of $0.02 per share; from July 2016 through November 2016, a monthly dividend of $0.022 per share; and a monthly 
dividend of $0.0225 per share beginning in December 2016.    

For the year ended December 31, 2015, we paid cash dividends to holders of our common stock totaling $27.6 million (which 
included a special one-time dividend of $22.8 million paid in August 2015 to distribute to stockholders a portion of the proceeds of the 
condemnation  of  the  operations  and  assets  of  Valencia  Water  Company,  Inc.),  which  included:  from  January  2015  through  March 
2015, a monthly dividend of CAD$0.024 per share; from April 2015 through July 2015, a monthly dividend of CAD$0.026 per share; 
and from August 2015 through December 2015, a monthly dividend of CAD$0.0283 per share. 

We currently intend to pay a regular monthly dividend of $0.0225 per share ($0.27 per share annually). However, our future 
dividend  policy  is  subject  to  our  compliance  with  applicable  law,  and  depending  on,  among  other  things,  our  results  of  operations, 
financial condition, level of indebtedness, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, restrictions in our debt agreements and in any 
preferred stock we may issue in the future, business prospects, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. See 
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition – Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Part 
II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K for a discussion of provisions of our senior secured notes that limit the payment of dividends.

-32-

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance Graph

The following graph compares the relative performance of our common stock, the S&P 500 Index, and our Peer Group Index. 
This  graph  covers  the  period  from  April  28,  2016  (the  first  day  GWRS  common  stock  began  trading  on  the  NASDAQ)  through 
December 31, 2016. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on April 28, 2016 in the common stock of GWRS, the S&P 500 Index, 
and our Peer Group Index, and also assumes reinvestment of dividends. The stock price performance on the following graph is not 
necessarily indicative of future stock price performance. 

COMPARISON OF 8 MONTH CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*

$160.00

$140.00

$120.00

$100.00

$80.00

$60.00

$40.00

$20.00

$—
4/28/2016

6/30/2016

9/30/2016

12/31/2016

Global Water Resources, Inc.

S&P 500 Index

Peer Group Index**

* $100 invested on April 28, 2016 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends. Fiscal year ending December 31.
** Peer group includes American States Water Company, American Water Works, Aqua America, Inc., Artesian Resources Corp., 
California Water, Connecticut Water Service, Inc., Middlesex Water Company, and York Water Co. 

 Global Water Resources, Inc.
 S&P 500 Index
 Peer Group Index**

4/28/2016 

6/30/2016 

9/30/2016 

$
$
$

100.00  $
100.00  $
100.00  $

140.84  $
101.11  $
118.46  $

128.26  $
104.45  $
106.04  $

12/31/2016 
145.78 
107.85 
117.88  

Use of Proceeds 

On April 27, 2016, our registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) was declared effective by the SEC for the 
U.S. IPO pursuant to which we sold an aggregate of 1,339,520 shares of our common stock at a price to the public of $6.25 per share. 
Roth Capital Partners, LLC acted as sole manager for the offering. The aggregate offering price for shares sold in the offering was 
approximately $8.4 million. The offering commenced as of April 28, 2016 and did not terminate before all of the securities registered 
in the registration statement were sold. We raised approximately $5.5 million in net proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts, 
commissions and expenses of approximately $761,000 and other offering expenses of approximately $2.2 million. No payments were 
made by us to directors, officers or persons owning ten percent or more of our common stock or to their associates, or to our affiliates. 
As described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC on April 28, 2016 pursuant to Rule 424(b), we intend to use the net proceeds 
from the offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes. On June 24, 2016, we completed the refinancing of our 
then existing long-term tax exempt bonds. Consistent with our disclosure in the final prospectus, we did not use any of the offering 
proceeds  to  refinance  the  tax-exempt  bonds  and  the  proceeds  will,  as  indicated,  be  allocated  for  general  working  capital  and  other 
purposes.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

-33-

 
ITEM 6.

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The  following  table  presents  selected  consolidated  financial  data,  which  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  our  consolidated 
financial  statements  and  related  notes  and  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations 
included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The table presents the consolidated statements of operations and cash flow data for the three years 
ended December 31, 2016, and the consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 2016 and 2015, which are derived from our audited 
consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The table also presents the consolidated balance sheet data at 
December 31, 2014, which was derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this Form 10-K. 

As the condemnation of Valencia Water Company, Inc. (“Valencia”) was completed on July 14, 2015 and the sale of Willow 
Valley Water Company, Inc. (“Willow Valley”) was completed on May 9, 2016, the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, consolidated 
statements of operations, cash flow data, and operating metrics included Valencia and Willow Valley through the respective closing dates. 

The following amounts are in thousands, except per share data and operating metrics:

Year Ended December 31,
2015

2016

2014

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
ASSETS:

Net property, plant, and equipment
Current assets
Other assets

Total Assets
LIABILITIES:

Current liabilities
Long-term debt and capital leases
Noncurrent liabilities
Total Liabilities

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Cash Flow 
Data:
Revenues
Operating expenses
Operating income

Total other income (expense)
Income (loss) before income taxes
Income tax benefit (expense)
Net income (loss)
Earnings (loss) per common share:

Basic
Diluted

Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash dividends paid

Dividends declared per common share

Capital expenditures

Operating Metrics:
Active water connections
Active wastewater connections

 $
 $
 $
 $

 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

 $
 $
 $
 $
 $
 $

200,489   $
24,740   $
13,590   $
238,819   $

194,152   $
18,715   $
22,875   $
235,742   $

240,424 
12,293 
52,162 
304,879 

10,901   $
114,317   $
98,410   $
223,628   $
15,191   $
238,819   $

10,663   $
102,417   $
102,599   $
215,679   $
20,063   $
235,742   $

13,630 
124,769 
138,800 
277,199 
27,680 
304,879 

29,799   $
24,529   $
5,270   $
(9,611)  $
(4,341)  $
1,489   $
(2,852)  $

(0.15)  $
(0.15)  $
1,895   $
5,036   $
0.26   $
8,588   $

31,956   $
25,429   $
6,527   $
35,459   $
41,986   $
(20,623)  $
21,363   $

1.17   $
1.17   $
4,245   $
27,607   $
1.43   $
3,355   $

32,559 
(22,232)
54,791 
(6,855)
47,936 
16,995 
64,931 

3.54 
3.54 
11,646 
3,454 
0.20 
1,655 

19,013    
18,374    

19,964    
17,820    

26,188 
17,380  

The balance sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 have been adjusted to reflect the impact of ASU 2015-03, Interest—Imputation 
of Interest: Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which required debt issuance costs be presented as a direct deduction 
from the carrying amount of the associated debt liability.   As such, debt issuance  costs of $2.2 million  and $2.7 million  have been 
reclassified from other assets to noncurrent liabilities, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

-34-

 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
     
     
  
  
     
     
  
  
     
     
  
 
  
     
     
  
  
     
     
  
  
     
     
  
 
  
     
     
  
  
     
     
  
  
  
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S  DISCUSSION  AND  ANALYSIS  OF  FINANCIAL  CONDITION  AND  RESULTS  OF 

OPERATIONS.

The following management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) should be 
read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.  

Basis of Presentation

The  financial  statements  of  Global  Water  Resources,  Inc.  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  United  States  (“U.S.”) 
generally  accepted  accounting  principles  (“U.S.  GAAP”)  and,  except  where  otherwise  indicated,  are  presented  in  U.S.  dollars  and 
references to “$”, “US$”, and “dollars” are to U.S. dollars. 

Overview

We  are  a  water  resource  management  company  that  owns,  operates,  and  manages  water,  wastewater,  and  recycled  water 
utilities  in  strategically  located  communities,  principally  in  metropolitan  Phoenix,  Arizona.  We  seek  to  deploy  our  integrated 
approach, which we refer to as "Total Water Management," a term we use to mean managing the entire water cycle by owning and 
operating  the  water,  wastewater,  and  recycled  water  utilities  within  the  same  geographic  areas  in  order  to  both  conserve  water  and 
maximize its total economic and social value. We use Total Water Management to promote sustainable communities in areas where 
we expect growth to outpace the existing potable water supply. Our model focuses on the broad issues of water supply and scarcity 
and applies principles of water conservation through water reclamation and reuse. Our basic premise is that the world's water supply is 
limited and yet can be stretched significantly through effective planning, the use of recycled water, and by providing individuals and 
communities resources that promote wise water usage practices.

Business Outlook

2015 and 2016 continued the trend of positive growth in new connections and re-establishing service on existing previously 
vacant homes. According to the 2010 U.S. Census Data, the Phoenix metropolitan statistical area (“MSA”) had a population of 4.2 
million in 2010 and is the 14th largest MSA in the U.S., an increase of 29% over the 3.3 million people reported in the 2000 Census. 
Metropolitan  Phoenix’s  growth  data  continues  to  improve  due  to  its  low-cost  housing,  excellent  weather,  large  and  growing 
universities, a diverse employment base, and low taxes. The Employment and Population Statistics Department of the State of Arizona 
predicts that Phoenix Metro will have a population of 4.9 million by 2020 and 6.8 million by 2040. The Arizona Office of Economic 
Opportunity indicates that Arizona’s employment rate improved 1.2% for the year ended December 31, 2016.

According to the W.P. Carey School of Business Greater Phoenix Blue Chip Real Estate Consensus panel, most sectors of 
real estate are expected to experience improved occupancy and growth. For Maricopa County and Pinal County combined, the W.P. 
Carey School of Business, using U.S. Census data, reported that single family housing permits were approximately 16,768 permits for 
2015.  However,  for  2016,  permits  were  estimated  to  be  up  approximately  10%  to  18,456  permits  in  Maricopa  and  Pinal  Counties 
combined,  and  the  forecasts  for  2017  and  2018  remain  positive  at  approximately  22,000  permits  and  25,000  permits,  respectively. 
From  there,  we  believe  growth  in  the  region  could  steadily  return  towards  its  normal  historical  rate  of  greater  than  30,000  single 
family dwelling permits. Additionally, multifamily, office, retail, and industrial market occupancy rates continued to increase in 2016 
compared to 2015 and are expected to continue to increase through 2017.

We  believe  that  our  utilities  and  service  areas  are  directly  in  the  anticipated  path  of  growth  primarily  in  the  metropolitan 
Phoenix  area.  Market  data  indicates  that  our  service  areas  currently  incorporate  a  large  portion  of  the  final  platted  lots,  partially 
finished lots, and finished lots in metropolitan Phoenix. Management believes that we are well-positioned to benefit from the near-
term growth in metropolitan Phoenix due to the availability of lots and existing infrastructure in place within our services areas.

Factors Affecting our Results of Operations

Our  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations  are  influenced  by  a  variety  of  industry-wide  factors,  including  but  not 

limited to:









population and community growth;

economic and environmental utility regulation;

economic environment;

the need for infrastructure investment;

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





production and treatment costs;

weather and seasonality; and

access to and quality of water supply.

We  are  subject  to  economic  regulation  by  the  state  regulator,  the  Arizona  Corporation  Commission  (“ACC”).  The  U.S. 
federal and state governments also regulate environmental, health and safety, and water quality matters. We continue to execute on our 
strategy to optimize and focus the Company in order to provide greater value to our customers and shareholders by aiming to deliver 
predictable financial results, making prudent capital investments, and focusing our efforts on earning an appropriate rate of return on 
our investments.

Population and Community Growth

Population  and  community  growth  in  the  metropolitan  Phoenix  area  served  by  our  utilities  have  a  direct  impact  on  our 
earnings. An increase or decrease in our active service connections will affect our revenues and variable expenses in a corresponding 
manner.  Our  total  service  connections,  including  both  active  service  connections  and  connections  to  vacant  homes,  decreased  718 
connections, or 1.9%, from a total of 38,744 as of December 31, 2015 to 38,026 as of December 31, 2016. This decrease is due to the 
sale  of  Willow  Valley  Water  Company,  Inc.  (“Willow  Valley”).  Adjusting  for  the  sale  of  Willow  Valley,  total  service  connections 
increased to 38,026 as of December 31, 2016 from 37,118 as of December 31, 2015, which represents an increase of 908 connections, 
or an increase of approximately 2.4%. 

As of December 31, 2016, we have 37,387 active service connections compared to 37,784 active service connections as of 
December 31, 2015, a decrease of 397 or 1.1%. As with the decrease in total service connections, the decrease is due to the sale of 
Willow Valley. Adjusting for the sale of Willow Valley, active service connections increased 1,115 connections, or 3.1%, to 37,387 as 
of December 31, 2016 compared to 36,272 as of December 31, 2015. Approximately 98.9% of the 37,387 active service connections 
are  serviced  by  our  Global  Water  -  Santa  Cruz  Water  Company,  LLC  (“Santa  Cruz”)  and  Global  Water  -  Palo  Verde  Utilities 
Company, LLC (“Palo Verde”) utilities.

The graph below presents the historical change in active and total connections for our ongoing operations, adjusting for the 

condemnation of the assets and operations of Valencia Water Company, Inc. (“Valencia”) and the sale of Willow Valley.

Total Active vs. Total Connections

39,000

38,000

37,000

36,000

35,000

34,000

33,000

32,000

31,000

30,000

Dec-08 Jun-09 Dec-09 Jun-10 Dec-10 Jun-11 Dec-11 Jun-12 Dec-12 Jun-13 Dec-13 Jun-14 Dec-14 Jun-15 Dec-15 Jun-16 Dec-16

Total Connections

Total Active

During  the  economic  downturn  beginning  in  2008,  our  utilities  experienced  an  increase  in  the  number  of  vacant  homes, 
reaching  a  peak  of  4,020 vacant  connections  as  of  February 28,  2009,  approximately  11.2%  of  our  total  connections  at  the  time; 
however,  the  negative  trend  began  to  reverse  thereafter  with  the  number  of  vacant  homes  decreasing  to  639  or  1.7%  of  total 
connections as of December 31, 2016.

Economic and Environmental Utility Regulation

We  are  subject  to  extensive  regulation  of  our  rates  by  the  ACC,  which  is  charged  with  establishing  rates  based  on  the 
provision  of  reliable  service  at  a  reasonable  cost  while  also  providing  an  opportunity  to  earn  a  fair  rate  of  return  on  rate  base  for 
investors of utilities. The ACC uses a historical test year to evaluate whether the plant in service is used and useful, to assess whether 

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costs were prudently incurred, and to set “just and reasonable” rates. Rate base is typically the depreciated original cost of the plant in 
service  (net of  contributions  in  aid  of  construction  (“CIAC”)  and  advances  in  aid  of  construction  (“AIAC”),  which  are  funds  or 
property provided to a utility under the terms of a main extension agreement, the value of which may be refundable), that has been 
determined to have been “prudently invested” and “used and useful”, although the reconstruction cost of the utility plant may also be 
considered  in  determining  the  rate  base.  The  ACC  also  decides  on  an  applicable  capital  structure  based  on  actual  or  hypothetical 
analyses. The ACC determines a “rate of return” on that rate base, which includes the approved capital structure and the actual cost of 
debt and a fair and reasonable cost of equity based on the ACC's judgment. The overall revenue requirement for rate making purposes 
is established by multiplying the rate of return by the rate base and adding “prudently” incurred operating expenses for the test year, 
depreciation, and any applicable pro forma adjustments.

To ensure an optimal combination of access to water and water conservation balanced with a fair rate of return for investors, 
our  water  utility  operating  revenue  is  based  on  two  components:  a  fixed  fee  and  a  consumption  or  volumetric  fee.  For  our  water 
utilities, the fixed fee, or “basic service charge,” provides access to water for residential usage and has generally been set at a level to 
produce  50%  of  total  revenue.  The  volumetric  fee  is  based  on  the  total  volume  of  water  supplied  to  a  given  customer  after  the 
minimum number of gallons, if any, covered by the basic service charge, multiplied by a price per gallon set by a tariff approved by 
the ACC. A discount to the volumetric rate applies for customers that use less than an amount specified by the ACC. For all investor-
owned water utilities, the ACC requires the establishment of inverted tier conservation oriented rates, meaning that the price of water 
increases as consumption increases. For wastewater utilities, wastewater collection, and treatment can be based on volumetric or fixed 
fees.  Our  wastewater  utility  services  are  billed  based  solely  on  a  fixed  fee,  determined  by  the  size  of  the  water  meter  installed. 
Recycled water is sold on a volumetric basis with no fixed fee component.

We are required to file rate cases with the ACC to obtain approval for a change in rates. Rate cases and other rate-related 
proceedings  can  take  a  year  or  more  to  complete.  As  a  result,  there  is  frequently  a  delay,  or  regulatory  lag,  between  the  time  of  a 
capital investment or incurrence of an operating expense increase and when those costs are reflected in rates. In normal conditions, it 
would not be uncommon to see us file for a rate increase every three years based on year one being the test year, year two being the 
rate  case  filing  year,  and  year  three  being  the  rate  case  award  year.  However,  based  on  our  recent  settlement  with  the  ACC  and 
extended new rate phase-in period, we will not be initiating the next rate case on this timeline. Moving forward, we will continue to 
analyze  all  factors  that  drive  the  requirement  for  increased  revenue,  including  our  rate  of  investment  and  recurring  expenses,  and 
determine the appropriate test year for a future rate case. Refer to “ – Recent Rate Case Activity” for additional information.

Our  water  and  wastewater  operations  are  also  subject  to  extensive  U.S.  federal,  state,  and  local  laws  and  regulations 
governing the protection of the environment, health and safety, the quality of the water we deliver to our customers, water allocation 
rights,  and  the  manner  in  which  we  collect,  treat,  and  discharge  wastewater.  We  are  also  required  to  obtain  various  environmental 
permits  from  regulatory  agencies  for  our  operations.  The  ACC  also  sets  conditions  and  standards  for  the  water  and  wastewater 
services we deliver. We incur substantial costs associated with compliance with environmental, health and safety, and water quality 
regulation.

Environmental, health and safety, and water quality regulations are complex and change frequently, and they have tended to 
become more stringent over time. As newer or stricter standards are introduced, they could increase our operating expenses. We would 
generally  expect  to  recover  expenses  associated  with  compliance  for  environmental  and  health  and  safety  standards  through  rate 
increases, but this recovery may be affected by regulatory lag.

Economic Environment

The  growth  of  our  customer  base  depends  almost  entirely  on  the  success  of  developers  in  developing  residential  and 
commercial  properties  within our service  areas. Real  estate development  is a cyclical  industry and the growth rate of development, 
especially residential development, since 2006, both nationally and in Arizona has been and continues to be below historical rates. In 
addition,  development  in  our  service  areas  is  contingent  upon  construction  or  acquisition  of  major  public  improvements,  such  as 
arterial  streets,  drainage  facilities,  telephone  and  electrical  facilities,  recreational  facilities,  street  lighting,  and  local  in-tract 
improvements  (e.g.,  site  grading).  Many  of  these  improvements  are  built  by  municipalities  with  public  financing,  and  municipal 
resources  and  access  to  capital  may  not  be  sufficient  to  support  development  in  areas  of  rapid  population  growth.  For  additional 
information and risks associated with the economic environment, see “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K.

Infrastructure Investment

Capital expenditures for infrastructure investment are a component of the rate base on which our regulated utility subsidiaries 
are  allowed  to  earn  an  equity  return.  Capital  expenditures  for  infrastructure  provide  a  basis  for  earnings  growth  by  expanding  our 
“used and useful” rate base, which is a component of its permitted return on investment and revenue requirement. We are generally 
able  to  recover  a  rate  of  return  on  these  capital  expenditures  (return  on  equity  and  debt),  together  with  debt  service  and  certain 
operating costs, through the rates we charge.

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We have made significant capital investments in our territories within the last thirteen years, and because the infrastructure is 
new, we do not expect comparable capital investments to be required in the near term, either for growth or to maintain the existing 
infrastructure.  Nevertheless,  we  have  an  established  capital  improvement  plan  to  make  targeted  capital  investments  to  repair  and 
replace existing infrastructure as needed, address operating redundancy requirements, and improve our overall financial performance, 
by  lowering  expenses  and  increasing  revenue.  Additionally,  to  reduce  our  deferred  tax  liability  of  approximately  $19.4  million 
resulting  from  the  gain  on  the  condemnation  of  the  operations  and  assets  of  Valencia,  we  have  identified  certain  currently  planned 
investments  within  our  capital  improvement  plan  that,  we  determined  through  a  favorable  Private  Letter  Ruling  with  the  Internal 
Revenue  Service,  will  qualify under the Internal  Revenue  Code Section 1033 re-investment criteria; however, the timeline  to make 
such investments is limited through the end of 2017. Accordingly, we have accelerated the identified capital expenditures within our 
capital  improvement  plan.  As  a  result,  we  expect  capital  expenditures  to  increase  in  2017  as  compared  to  recent  years,  with 
corresponding  reductions  to  occur  in  2018,  2019,  and  beyond.  As  of  December  31,  2016  our  deferred  tax  liability  relating  to  the 
Valencia condemnation was approximately $17.1 million.

Production and Treatment Costs

Our  water  and  wastewater  services  require  significant  production  resources  and  therefore  result  in  significant  production 
costs.  Although  we  are  permitted  to  recover  these  costs  through  the  rates  we  charge,  regulatory  lag  can  decrease  our  margins  and 
earnings if production costs or other operating expenses increase significantly before we are able to recover them through increased 
rates. Our most significant costs include labor, chemicals used to treat water and wastewater, and power used to operate pumps and 
other  equipment.  Power  and  chemical  costs  can  be  volatile.  However,  we  employ  a  variety  of  technologies  and  methodologies  to 
minimize  costs  and  maximize  operational  efficiencies.  Additionally,  with  our  Total  Water  Management  approach,  whereby  we 
maximize the direct beneficial reuse of recycled water, we can realize significant treatment costs and power savings because smaller 
volumes of water are required for potable use. Many utilities require that all water be treated to potable standards irrespective of use. 
Total Water Management focuses on the right water for the right use. Potable water is needed for consumption and recycled water is 
acceptable  for non-potable  uses such as irrigation  and toilet  flushing. Non-potable water  does not need to be treated  for commonly 
occurring and regulated constituents such as arsenic, or for other current or future human consumption health-based contaminants.

Weather and Seasonality

Our ability to meet the existing and future water demands of our customers depends on an adequate supply of water. Drought, 
overuse of sources of water, the protection of threatened species or habitats, or other factors may limit the availability of ground and 
surface water. Also, customer usage of water and recycled water is affected by weather conditions, particularly during the summer. 
Our  water  systems  generally  experience  higher  demand  in  the  summer  due  to  the  warmer  temperatures  and  increased  usage  by 
customers for irrigation and other outdoor uses. However, summer weather that is cooler or wetter than average generally suppresses 
customer water demand and can have a downward effect on our operating revenue and operating income. Conversely, when weather 
conditions  are  extremely  dry,  our  business  may  be  affected  by  government-issued  drought-related  warnings  and/or  water  usage 
restrictions  that  would  artificially  lower  customer  demand  and  reduce  our  operating  revenue.  For  additional  information  and  risks 
associated with weather and seasonality, see “Risk Factors,” included in Item 1A of this Form 10-K. The limited geographic diversity 
of our service areas makes the results of our operations more sensitive to the effect of local weather extremes. The second and third 
quarters of the year are generally those in which water services revenue and wastewater services revenue are highest. Accordingly, 
interim results should not be considered representative of the results of a full year.

Access to and Quality of Water Supply

In  many  areas  of  Arizona  (including  certain  areas  that  we  service),  water  supplies  are  limited  and,  in  some  cases,  current 
usage rates exceed sustainable levels for certain water resources. We currently rely predominantly (and are likely to continue to rely) 
on the pumping of groundwater and the generation and delivery of recycled water for non-potable uses to meet future demands in our 
service areas. At present, groundwater (and recycled water derived from groundwater) is the primary water supply available to us. In 
addition, regulatory restrictions on the use of groundwater and the development of groundwater wells, lack of available water rights, 
drought, overuse of local or regional sources of water, protection of threatened species or habitats, or other factors, including climate 
change, may limit the availability of ground or surface water. For additional information and risks associated with the access to and 
quality of water supply, see “Risk Factors,” included in Item 1A of this Form 10-K.

Recent Rate Case Activity

On  July 9,  2012,  we  filed  rate  applications  with  the  ACC  to  adjust  the  revenue  requirements  for  seven  utilities.  In  August 
2013, we entered into a settlement agreement with the ACC staff, the Residential Utility Consumers Office, the City of Maricopa, and 
other parties to the rate case. The settlement required approval by the ACC’s commissioners before it could take effect. In February 
2014, the rate case proceedings were completed and the ACC issued Rate Decision No. 74364, approving the settlement agreement. 
The collective rate increase included a 9.5% return on common equity which contributed to a 15% increase over revenue in 2011.

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For our utilities, adjusting for the condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia and the sale of Willow Valley, the 
settlement  provided  for  a  collective  aggregate  revenue  requirement  increase  of  $3.6  million  based  on  2011  test  year  service 
connections, phased-in over time, with the first increase in January 2015 as follows (in thousands):

2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021

Incremental

Cumulative

  $

1,083    $
887     
335     
335     
335     
335     
335     

1,083 
1,970 
2,305 
2,640 
2,975 
3,310 
3,645  

Whereas this phase-in of additional revenues was determined using a 2011 test year, to the extent that the number of active 
service connections has increased and continues to increase from 2011 levels, the additional revenues may be greater than the amounts 
set forth above. On the other hand, if active connections decrease or we experience declining usage per customer, we may not realize 
all of the anticipated revenues.

From 2003 to 2008, we entered into approximately 183 infrastructure coordination and financing agreements (“ICFAs”) with 
developers and landowners covering approximately 275 square miles. Under these agreements, we have a contractual obligation to the 
developers and landowners to ensure that amongst other things, physical capacity exists through our regulated utilities for water and 
wastewater to the landowner/developer when needed. We receive fees from the landowner/developer for undertaking these obligations 
that typically are a negotiated amount per planned equivalent dwelling unit for the specified development or parcel of land. Payments 
are generally due to us from the landowner/developer based on progress of the development, with a portion due upon signing of the 
agreement,  a  portion  due  upon  completion  of  certain  milestones  and  the  final  payment  due  upon  final  plat  approval  or  sale  of  the 
subdivision. The payments are non-refundable. Our investment can be considerable, as we may phase-in the construction of facilities 
in accordance with a regional master plan, as opposed to a single development.

Prior to January 1, 2010, we accounted for funds received under ICFAs as revenue once the obligations specified in the ICFA 
were  met.  As  these  arrangements  are  with  developers  and  not  with  the  end  water  or  wastewater  customer,  the  timing  of  revenue 
recognition coincided with the completion of our performance obligations under the agreement with the developer and with our ability 
to provide fitted capacity for water and wastewater service to the applicable development or parcel through our regulated subsidiaries.

The  2010  Regulatory  Rate  Decision  No.  71878  established  new  rates  for  the  recovery  of  reasonable  costs  incurred  by  the 
utilities  and a return on invested  capital. In determining the new annual  revenue  requirement,  the ACC  imputed  a reduction to rate 
base for all amounts related to ICFA funds collected by us that the ACC deemed to be CIAC for rate making purposes. As a result of 
the decision by the ACC, we changed our accounting policy for the accounting of ICFA funds. Effective January 1, 2010, we recorded 
ICFA  funds  received  as  CIAC.  Thereafter,  the  ICFA-related  CIAC  was  amortized  as  a  reduction  of  depreciation  expense  over  the 
estimated depreciable life of the utility plant at the related utilities. 

With  the  issuance  of  Rate  Decision  No.  74364,  in  February  2014,  the  ACC  again  changed  how  ICFA  funds  would  be 
characterized and accounted for going forward. Most notably, the ACC changed the rate treatment of ICFA funds, and ICFA funds 
already  received  would  no  longer  be  deemed  CIAC  for  rate  making  purposes.  In  conjunction  with  Rate  Decision  No.  74364,  we 
eliminated the CIAC liability and reversed the associated regulatory liability brought about by the 2010 ruling. ICFA funds already 
received  or  which  had  become  due  prior  to  the  date  of  Rate  Decision  No.  74364  were  accounted  for  in  accordance  with  our  ICFA 
revenue  recognition  policy  that  had  been  in  place  prior  to  the  2010  Regulatory  Rate  Decision,  wherein  the  funds  received  are 
recognized  as  revenue  once  the  obligations  specified  in  the  ICFA  were  met.  Rate  Decision  No.  74364  prescribes  that  of  the  ICFA 
funds  which  come  due  and  are  paid  subsequent  to  December  31,  2013,  70%  of  the  ICFA  funds  will  be  recorded  in  the  associated 
utility subsidiary as a hook-up fee (“HUF”) liability, with the remaining 30% to be recorded as deferred revenue, until such time that 
the  HUF  tariff  is  fully  funded,  after  which  the  remaining  funds  will  be  recorded  as  deferred  revenue  in  accordance  with  our  ICFA 
revenue recognition policy. A HUF tariff, specifying the dollar value of a HUF for each utility, was approved by the ACC as part of 
Rate Decision No. 74364. We are responsible for assuring the full HUF value is paid from ICFA proceeds, and recorded in its full 
amount by predetermined milestones in Rate Decision No. 74364, even if it results in recording more or less than 30% of the ICFA fee 
as deferred revenue.

We  now  account  for  the  portion  of  future  payments  received  under  these  agreements  allocated  to  HUF  liability  as  CIAC. 
However,  from  the  regulator’s  perspective,  HUFs  do  not  impact  rate  base  until  the  related  funds  are  expended.  These  funds  are 
segregated in a separate bank account and are used to construct plant assets. The HUF liability is to be relieved once the funds are 
used for the construction of plant. For facilities required under a HUF or ICFA, we must first use the HUF funds received, after which 

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we may use debt or equity financing for the remainder of construction. The deferred revenue portion of these fees is recognized as 
revenue once the obligations specified within the applicable ICFA are met.

We  have  agreed  not  to  enter  into  any  new  ICFAs,  and  instead  will  utilize  HUF  tariffs,  which  have  become  an  acceptable 
industry practice in Arizona. As part of the settlement, a HUF tariff was established for each utility. Existing ICFAs will remain in 
place, with 70% of future ICFA payments to be recorded as HUFs until the HUF liability is fully funded. The HUF liability is relieved 
as funds are expended to construct plant, at which time a corresponding amount is recorded to CIAC. The portion of ICFA proceeds 
not recorded as HUF will be recorded as revenue or deferred revenue, in accordance with our ICFA revenue recognition policy.

In  addition  to  ICFAs,  we  have  various  line  extension  agreements  with  developers  and  builders,  whereby  funds,  water  line 
extensions,  or  wastewater  line  extensions  are  provided  to  us  by  the  developers  and  are  considered  refundable  advances  for 
construction. These AIACs are subject to refund by us to the developers through annual payments that are computed as a percentage 
of the total annual gross revenue earned from customers connected to utility services constructed under the agreement over a specified 
period. Upon the expiration of the agreements’ refunding period, the remaining balance of the AIAC becomes nonrefundable and at 
that  time  is  considered  CIAC.  CIAC  is  amortized  as  a  reduction  of  depreciation  expense  over  the  estimated  remaining  life  of  the 
related utility plant. For rate-making purposes, a utility plant funded by AIAC and CIAC is excluded from rate base. 

Recent Events

Reorganization Transaction

On January 19, 2016, GWR Global Water Resources Corp. (“GWRC”) announced that it agreed to pursue a reorganization 
transaction with the Company that resulted in GWRC merging with and into the Company (the “Reorganization Transaction”). The 
Reorganization  Transaction closed  on May  3, 2016. GWRC  was  organized in 2010 to  acquire shares of the Company,  and held  an 
approximate 47.8% interest prior to the merger. The Reorganization Transaction was part of the Company’s overall plan to simplify 
its corporate structure by eliminating one level of holding company ownership, refinance its outstanding tax-exempt bonds on more 
favorable terms (as described below), improve liquidity for shareholders over the medium- to long-term, and have a single governing 
jurisdiction  in  the  U.S.,  where  all  of  the  assets,  operations,  and  employees  of  the  business  are  located.  As  a  result  of  the  merger, 
GWRC ceased to exist as a British Columbia corporation and the Company, governed by the corporate laws of the State of Delaware, 
is the surviving entity. 

Debt Refinancing

With the completion of the initial public offering of shares of common stock of the Company in the U.S. (the “U.S. IPO”), 
the Company had the right to redeem all of its outstanding tax-exempt bonds at a price of 103% of the principal amount, plus interest 
accrued at the redemption date. Following completion of the IPO, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note 
Purchase Agreement”) to issue two series of senior secured notes with total principal balance of $115.0 million. On June 24, 2016, the 
Company closed the Note Purchase Agreement, which proceeds were primarily used to pay down the outstanding $106.7 million in 
tax-exempt bonds at 103%. 

Stipulated Condemnation of the Operations and Assets of Valencia 

On July 14, 2015, the Company closed the stipulated condemnation to transfer the operations and assets of Valencia to the 
City  of  Buckeye.  Terms  of  the  condemnation  were  agreed  upon  through  a  settlement  agreement  and  stipulated  final  judgement  of 
condemnation  wherein  the  City  of  Buckeye  acquired  all  the  operations  and  assets  of  Valencia  and  assumed  operation  of  the  utility 
upon  close.  The  City  of  Buckeye  paid  the  Company  $55.0  million  at  close,  plus  an  additional  $108,000  in  working  capital 
adjustments.  The  City  of  Buckeye  is  obligated  to  pay  the  Company  a  growth  premium  equal  to  $3,000  for  each  new  water  meter 
installed within Valencia’s prior service areas in the City of Buckeye, for a 20-year period ending December 31, 2034, subject to a 
maximum payout of $45.0 million over the term of the agreement.

Sale of Willow Valley

On March 23, 2015, the Company reached an agreement to sell the operations and assets of Willow Valley to EPCOR Water 
Arizona  Inc.  (“EPCOR”).  Pursuant  to  the  terms  of  the  agreement,  EPCOR  purchased  all  the  operations,  assets,  and  rights  used  by 
Willow Valley to operate the utility system for $2.3 million. The transaction was approved by the ACC on March 10, 2016, and closed 
on May 9, 2016.

Sale of Loop 303 Contracts

In September 2013, we entered into an agreement to sell certain wastewater facilities main extension agreements and offsite 
water management agreements for the contemplated Loop 303 service area, along with their related rights and obligations (which we 

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refer to collectively as the “Loop 303 Contracts”), relating to the 7,000-acre territory within a portion of the western planning area of 
the  City  of  Glendale,  Arizona  known  as  the  “Loop  303  Corridor.”  Pursuant  to  the  agreement,  we  sold  the  Loop  303  Contracts  to 
EPCOR for total proceeds of approximately $4.1 million ($3.1 million of which has been received as of December 31, 2016), which 
will be paid to us over a multi-year period. Receipt of the remaining proceeds will occur and be recorded as additional income over 
time  as  certain  milestones  are  met  between  EPCOR  and  the  developers/landowners  of  the  Loop  303  Corridor.  As  part  of  the 
consideration,  we  agreed  to  complete  certain  engineering  work  required  in  the  offsite  water  management  agreements,  which  we 
completed  in  2013,  thereby  satisfying  our  remaining  obligations  relating  to  the  Loop  303  Contracts.  In  April  2015,  we  received 
proceeds of approximately $296,000 related to the sale of the Loop 303 Contracts. As of December 31, 2016, proceeds of $1.0 million 
remain outstanding, and when received will be recorded as additional income over time as certain milestones are met between EPCOR 
and the developers/landowners.

Sonoran Acquisition Liability

On  March  17,  2016,  the  Company  entered  into  an  agreement  with  Sonoran  Utility  Services,  LLC  (“Sonoran”)  to  amend 
certain provisions of the purchase and sale agreement related to the acquisition of Sonoran’s assets on June 15, 2005. The amended 
agreement  allowed  the  Company  to  reduce  its  original  $3.8  million  acquisition  liability  due  to  Sonoran  in  2018  to  $2.8  million, 
through a settlement agreement executed subsequent to the Note Purchase Agreement in June 2016. Upon settlement of the Sonoran 
acquisition liability, the Company recorded a gain of $954,000 in other income for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Private Letter Ruling 

On  June  2,  2016,  the  Company  received  a  Private  Letter  Ruling  from  the  Internal  Revenue  Service  that,  for  purposes  of 
deferring the approximately $19.4 million gain realized from the condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia, determined 
that the assets converted upon the condemnation of such assets could be replaced through certain reclamation facility improvements 
contemplated by the Company under Internal Revenue Code §1033 as property similar or related in service or use. In June 2016, the 
Company converted all operating subsidiaries from corporations to limited liability companies to take full advantage of the benefits of 
such  ruling.  As  of  December  31,  2016  our  deferred  tax  liability  relating  to  the  Valencia  condemnation  was  approximately  $17.1 
million.

Pursuant to Internal  Revenue  Code §1033, the Company may defer the gain on condemnation  through the end of the year 
2017. As such, the Company has identified certain currently planned investments within our capital improvement plan, which we have 
accelerated. As a result, we expect capital expenditures to increase in 2017 as compared to recent years, with corresponding reductions 
to occur in 2018, 2019, and beyond. 

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is 
evaluated  regularly  by  the  chief  operating  decision  maker  in  deciding  how  to  allocate  resources  and  in  assessing  operating 
performance. In consideration of the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 
280, Segment Reporting, we are not organized around specific products and services, geographic regions, or regulatory environments. 
We currently operate in one geographic region within the State of Arizona, wherein each operating utility operates within the same 
regulatory environment.

While we report revenue, disaggregated by service type, on the face of our statement of operations, we do not manage the 
business  based  on  any  performance  measure  at  the  individual  revenue  stream  level.  We  do  not  have  any  customers  that  contribute 
more  than  10%  to  our  revenues  or  revenue  streams.  Additionally,  the  chief  operating  decision  maker  uses  consolidated  financial 
information to evaluate our performance, which is the same basis on which he communicates our results and performance to our board 
of directors. It is upon this consolidated basis from which he bases all significant decisions regarding the allocation of our resources on 
a  consolidated  level.  Based  on  the  information  described  above  and  in  accordance  with  the  applicable  literature,  management  has 
concluded that we are currently organized and operated as one operating and reportable segment.

-41-

Comparison of Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014

The  following  table  summarizes  our  results  of  operations  for  the  years  ended  December 31,  2016,  2015,  and  2014  (in 

thousands):

Revenues
Operating expenses
Operating income
Total other income (expense)
Income (loss) before income taxes
Income tax (expense) benefit
Net income (loss)

Basic earnings (loss) per common share
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share

  $

  $

  $
  $

2016

For the Year Ended December 31,
2015

2014

29,799    $
24,529 
5,270   
(9,611)  
(4,341)  
1,489   
(2,852)   $

(0.15)   $
(0.15)   $

31,956 
25,429 
6,527 
35,459 
41,986 
(20,623)
21,363 

1.17 
1.17 

 $

 $

 $
 $

32,559 
(22,232)
54,791 
(6,855)
47,936 
16,995 
64,931 

3.54 
3.54  

Revenues – The following table summarizes our revenues for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 (in thousands).

Water services
Wastewater and recycled water services
Unregulated revenues
Total revenues

  $

  $

13,978    $
15,740   
81   
29,799    $

16,320 
15,020 
616 
31,956 

 $

 $

18,076 
14,112 
371 
32,559  

2016

For the Year Ended December 31,
2015

2014

Total  revenues  decreased  $2.2  million,  or  6.7%,  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016  compared  with  the  year  ended 
December 31,  2015.  The  decrease  in  revenues  was  primarily  related  to  the  condemnation  of  the  operations  and  assets  of  Valencia 
which occurred in July 2015 and the sale of Willow Valley in May of 2016, which together contributed revenue of $4.0 million for the 
year  ended  December 31,  2015  and  $306,000  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016.  The  decrease  related  to  the  condemnation  of 
Valencia  and  the  sale  of  Willow  Valley  was  partially  offset  by  an  increase  in  revenue  for  the  remaining  operating  utilities,  which 
increased $1.6 million, or 5.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase 
in  revenue  for  the  remaining  operating  utilities  reflects  the  increase  in  rates  related  to  Rate  Decision  No.  74364  in  February  2014 
combined with a 3.1% increase in active service connections (adjusted for the condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia 
and the sale of Willow Valley) combined with an increase in consumption during the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to year 
ended December 31, 2015. This increase was partially offset by a $535,000 reduction in unregulated revenue.

Total revenues decreased $603,000, or 1.9%, for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared with the year ended December 
31, 2014. The decrease in revenues was primarily due to the condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia, which occurred in 
July 2015, which contributed $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, and $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 
2015.  The  remaining  operating  utilities’  revenue  increased  $2.0  million,  or  7.5%,  reflecting  a  decrease  in  precipitation  resulting  in 
higher  usage  of  water,  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  compared  to  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014  combined  with  the 
increase in rates due to Rate Decision No. 74364 and an increase in active connections.

Water Services – Water services revenues decreased $2.3 million, or 14.4%, to $14.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 
compared to $16.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The decrease is primarily due to the condemnation of the operations 
and  assets  of  Valencia  and  the  sale  of  Willow  Valley,  which  contributed  $4.0  million  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2015  and 
$306,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in water service revenue was partially offset by an increase in water 
service revenue for the remaining operating utilities of $1.4 million, or 11.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the 
year ended December 31, 2015. 

Water services revenues decreased $1.8 million, or 9.7%, to $16.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared 
with $18.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia contributed $5.9 
million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014  and  $3.3  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015.  The  remaining  operating 
utilities’  water  services  revenue  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  increased  $839,000,  or  6.9%,  compared  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2014.

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Water services revenue based on consumption decreased $452,000, or 6.8%, to $6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 
2016  compared  to  $6.7  million  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2015.  The  decrease  in  revenue  was  primarily  driven  by  the 
condemnation  of  the  assets  and  operations  of  Valencia  and  the  sale  of  Willow  Valley,  which  contributed  $1.7  million  for  the  year 
ended December 31, 2015 and $67,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in water service revenue related to the 
condemnation  of  Valencia  and  sale  of  Willow  Valley  was  partially  offset  by  an  increase  water  service  revenue  for  the  remaining 
operating utilities, which increased $1.2 million, or 23.0%, to $6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $5.0 
million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase in water service revenue for the remaining operating utilities is related to 
the onset of new rates in 2016 combined with an increase in active water connections and an increase in consumption compared to 
2015. 

Water services revenue based on consumption decreased $1.1 million, or 13.9%, to $6.7 million for the year ended December 
31, 2015 from $7.8 million for the year ended December  31, 2014. The decrease  in revenue was primarily  driven by a decrease in 
active water connections related to the condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia, which contributed $2.8 million for the 
year  ended  December  31,  2014  and  $1.7  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015.  The  remaining  operating  utilities’ 
consumption revenue increased $234,000, or 4.7%, to $5.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to $5.0 million 
for the year ended December 31, 2014. The remaining operating utilities’ consumption revenue increased due to the onset of new rates 
in 2015 combined with an increase in active water connections and am increase in consumption compared to 2014.

Active  water  connections  decreased  4.8%  to  19,013  as  of  December 31,  2016  from  19,964  as  of  December 31,  2015 
primarily  as  the  result  of  the  sale  of  Willow  Valley.  However,  after  adjusting  to  remove  the  active  water  service  connections  of 
Willow Valley, active connections increased 3.0% to 19,013 as of December 31, 2016 from 18,452 as of December 31, 2015. 

Active water connections decreased 23.8% to 19,964 as of December 31, 2015 from 26,188 as of December 31, 2014 as a 
result  of  the  condemnation  of  the  operations  and  assets  of  Valencia.  However,  after  adjusting  to  remove  the  active  water  service 
connections of Valencia, active connections increased 2.3% to 19,964 as of December 31, 2015 from 19,515 as of December 31, 2014.

Water consumption decreased 7.8% to 2.2 billion gallons for the year ended December 31, 2016 from 2.4 billion gallons for 
the year ended December 31, 2015. The decrease in water consumption was primarily driven by the condemnation of the operations 
and assets of Valencia and the sale of Willow Valley, which consumed 467 million gallons for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 
17  million  gallons  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016.  The  water  consumption  for  the  remaining  operating  utilities  increased 
13.9% to 2.2 billion gallons for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 1.9 billion gallons for the year ended December 31, 
2015. The increase in consumption can be attributed to the increase in active connections (in each case adjusting for the condemnation 
of  the  operations  and  assets  of  Valencia  and  the  sale  of  Willow  Valley)  combined  with  an  increase  in  average  temperature  and  a 
decrease in precipitation for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. 

Water consumption decreased 17.2% to 2.4 billion gallons for the year ended December 31, 2015 from 2.9 billion gallons for 
the  year  ended  December  31,  2014.  The  decrease  in  consumption  was  primarily  driven  by  the  condemnation  of  the  operations  and 
assets of Valencia in July 2015, which consumed 410 million gallons for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to 807 million 
gallons consumed for the year ended December 31, 2014. The water consumption of the remaining operating utilities decreased 4.6% 
to 2.0 billion gallons for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to 2.1 billion gallons for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Water services revenue associated with the basic service charge decreased $1.8 million, or 19.0%, to $7.5 million for the year 
ended  December 31,  2016  compared  to  $9.2  million  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2015.  The  decrease  in  basic  water  service 
revenue  is  primarily  driven  by  the  condemnation  of  the  operations  and  assets  of  Valencia  and  the  sale  of  Willow  Valley,  which 
contributed $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and $235,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease 
was partially offset by an increase in basic revenues for the remaining operating utilities, which increased $203,000, or 2.9%, to $7.2 
million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $7.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, reflecting growth in 
total active connections as well as an increase in rates due to Rate Decision No. 74364.

Water  services revenue  associated with  the  basic  service  charge  decreased  $650,000, or 6.6%, to $9.2 million  for the year 
ended December 31, 2015 compared to $9.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 due to the condemnation of the operations 
and assets  of Valencia.  The basic  service  charge  revenue  for the  remaining  operating utilities  increased $641,000, or 9.3%, to $7.6 
million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to $7.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, reflecting growth in 
total active connections as well as an increase in rates due to Rate Decision No. 74364.

Wastewater  and  Recycled  Water  Services  –  Wastewater  and  recycled  water  services  revenues  increased  $720,000,  or  4.8%,  for  the 
year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase reflects the increase in rates related to 
Rate  Decision  No.  74364  as  well  as  the  increase  of  active  wastewater  connections,  which  increased  3.1%  to  18,374  as  of 
December 31, 2016 from 17,820 as of December 31, 2015.

-43-

Wastewater  and  recycled  water  services  revenues  increased  $908,000,  or  6.4%,  to  $15.0  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2015 compared to $14.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase was primarily due to the onset of 
new rates in 2015 due to Rate Decision No. 74364 combined with an increase in the number of active wastewater connections.

Recycled water revenue, which is based on the number of gallons delivered, increased $183,000, or 35.9%, to $693,000 for 
the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $510,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015. The recycled water revenue increase 
is a function of an increase in rates and volume delivered. Recycled water rates increased 30% per Rate Decision No. 74364 compared 
to 2015. The volume of recycled water delivered decreased approximately 3 million gallons, or 0.5%, to 635 million gallons for the 
year ended December 31, 2016 from 639 million gallons for the year ended December 31, 2015. 

Recycled  water  revenue  increased  $181,000,  or  54.8%,  to  $510,000  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  compared  to 
$330,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014. The volume of recycled water delivered increased 63 million gallons, or 11.0%, to 
639 million gallons for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to 576 million gallons for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Unregulated  Revenues  –  Unregulated  revenues,  which  are  primarily  rental  fees  derived  from  leases  of  space  on  a  utility-owned 
communications  tower and the imputed revenue resulting from our public-private  partnership with the City of Maricopa, decreased 
$535,000, or 86.9%, to $81,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $616,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015. 
The  decrease  in  revenue  was  driven  by  the  expiration  of  the  temporary  arrangement  within  the  public-private  partnership 
memorandum of understanding with the City of Maricopa, wherein we agreed to offset the cash payment of our license fee through 
December 31, 2015 for certain utility related services we provide to the City of Maricopa. These commitments were satisfied, and the 
associated  license  fees  were  being  accounted  for  as  unregulated  revenue  until  the  expiration  of  the  temporary  arrangement  on 
December 31, 2015.

Unregulated  revenues  increased  $245,000,  or  66.0%,  to  $616,000  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  compared  to 
$371,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase in revenue was driven by an increase in infrastructure coordination and 
financing  agreement-related  imputed  revenue  resulting  from  our  public-private  partnership  memorandum  of  understanding  with  the 
City of Maricopa starting in April 2014, wherein we agreed to offset the cash payment of our license fee through December 31, 2015 
for certain utility related services the City of Maricopa required from the Company. These commitments were previously finalized, 
and the associated license fees were accounted for as unregulated revenue until the expiration of the agreement on December 31, 2015.

Operating Expenses – The following table summarizes our operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 
2014 (in thousands):

Operations and maintenance
Operations and maintenance - related party
General and administrative
Gain on regulatory order
Depreciation
Total operating expenses

  $

  $

2016

For the Year Ended December 31,
2015

2014

6,188    $
1,853   
10,209   
—   
6,279   
24,529    $

7,080 
2,179 
7,957 
— 
8,213 
25,429 

 $

 $

8,020 
2,398 
8,809 
(50,664)
9,205 
(22,232)

Operations  and  Maintenance  –  Operations  and  maintenance  costs,  consisting  of  personnel  costs,  production  costs  (primarily 
chemicals and purchased power), maintenance costs, contract services, and property tax, decreased $892,000, or 12.6%, for the year 
ended  December 31,  2016  compared  to  the  year  ended  December 31,  2015.  The  decrease  in  operations  and  maintenance  costs  was 
primarily driven by the condemnation of the assets and operations of Valencia and the sale of Willow Valley.

Operations  and  maintenance  costs  decreased  $940,000,  or  11.7%,  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  compared  to  the 
year ended December 31, 2014. The decrease in operations and maintenance costs was primarily driven by the condemnation of the 
assets and operations of Valencia.

Total  personnel  costs  decreased  $386,000,  or  18.4%,  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016  compared  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2015, primarily due to a decrease in personnel related to the condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia and 
the  sale  of  Willow  Valley,  which  contributed  $534,000  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2015  and  $60,000  for  the  year  ended 
December 31,  2016.  This  decrease  in  personnel  expenses  was  partially  offset  by  an  increase  of  $88,000,  or  5.7%,  in  personnel 
expenses of the remaining operating utilities for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. 
Personnel  expense  for  the  remaining  operating  utilities  increased  due  to  an  increase  in  salary  and  wages  related  to  certain 
organizational changes for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015.

-44-

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
Total  personnel  costs  decreased  $349,000,  or  14.3%,  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  compared  to  the  year  ended 
December  31,  2014  primarily  due  to  a  decrease  in  personnel  related  to  the  condemnation  of  the  operations  and  assets  of  Valencia, 
which  contributed  $759,000  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014  and  $357,000  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015.  The 
remaining operating utilities’ personnel costs increased $52,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended 
December 31, 2014.

Utilities and power expense decreased $92,000, or 5.8%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended 
December 31, 2015. Utilities and power expense decreased as a result of the condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia 
and  sale  of  Willow  Valley,  which  contributed  $222,000  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2015  and  $12,000  for  the  year  ended 
December 31,  2016.  The  decrease  in  utilities  expense  was  partially  offset  by  an  increase  in  the  utility  expense  of  the  remaining 
operating  utilities,  which  increased  $117,000,  or  8.6%,  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016  compared  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2015. The increase in utilities expense is primarily related to an increase in consumption.

Utilities  and  power  expense  decreased  $358,000,  or  18.4%,  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  compared  to  the  year 
ended December 31, 2014. Utilities and power expense decreased as a result of the condemnation of operations and assets of Valencia, 
which contributed $484,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014 and $193,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015. Utilities and 
power expense for the remaining operating utilities decreased $72,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year 
ended December 31, 2014.

Property  taxes  decreased  $272,000,  or  13.0%,  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016  compared  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2015. Property taxes primarily decreased due to the condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia and the sale 
of Willow Valley, which contributed $210,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015 and zero for the year ended December 31, 2016. 
Property  tax  expense  decreased  for  the  remaining  operating  utilities  by  $61,000,  or  3.3%,  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016 
compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. Property taxes for the remaining utilities decreased as a result of a change in property 
tax assessment in 2016 compared to 2015.   Property taxes for the year ended December 31, 2015 did not change significantly when 
compared to the year ended December 31, 2014.

Contract  services  expense  decreased $116,000, or 35.4%, during  the year  ended December 31, 2015 compared  to the  year 
ended December 31, 2014. Contract services decreased as a result of a reduction in disposal fees. Disposal fees decreased $88,000, or 
77.4%, during the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. Residual disposal declined due to 
the elimination of third party transportation expenses related to the transfer of certain disposal activities in-house combined with the 
elimination of bio-solid disposal fees, as we initiated direct land application of bio-solids in July 2014. Bio-solids are a by-product of 
our  water  reclamation  process  and  were  previously  disposed  of  within  a  landfill.  Currently,  bio-solids  are  beneficially  reused  as 
fertilizer by an agricultural farmer who accepts the bio-solids at no cost.  Contract services for the year ended December 31, 2016 did 
not change significantly when compared to the year ended December 31, 2015.

Operations  and  Maintenance  –  Related  Party  –  Operations  and  maintenance  related  party  expenses  are  for  service  fees  paid  to 
FATHOM™  with  respect  to  billing,  customer  service  and  other  support  provided  to  our  regulated  utilities.  Service  fees  paid  to 
FATHOM™ decreased $326,000, or 15.0%, to $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $2.2 million for the 
year ended December 31, 2015. FATHOM™ service fees primarily decreased as a result of the condemnation of the operations and 
assets of Valencia and the sale of Willow Valley, which contributed $475,000 in expenses for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 
$60,000  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016.  This  decrease  was  partially  offset  by  an  increase  in  service  fees  for  the  remaining 
operating  utilities,  which  increased  $89,000,  or  5.2%,  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016  compared  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2015. FATHOM™ service fees for the remaining operating utilities increased in relation to an increase in their active 
water connections combined with a consumer price index increase in the monthly charge pursuant to the services contract.

Operations and maintenance related party expenses totaled $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to 
$2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. Fathom services fees decreased as a result of the condemnation of the operations 
and assets of Valencia.

General and Administrative – General and administrative costs include the day-to-day expenses of office operation, personnel costs, 
legal and other professional fees, insurance, rent, and regulatory fees. These costs increased $2.3 million, or 28.3%, to $10.2 million 
for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $8.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.   General and administrative 
costs decreased $852,000, or 9.7%, during the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014.

Personnel related costs decreased  $670,000, or 19.6%, for the year ended December  31, 2016 compared to the year ended 
December  31,  2015.  The  2016  decrease  was  driven  by  a  non-recurring  bonus  of  $591,000  paid  in  relation  to  closing  of  the 
condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia in 2015. Excluding the non-recurring bonus, personnel related costs decreased 
$79,000, or 2.3%, primarily due to a decrease in medical expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended 
December 31, 2015.

-45-

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015,  personnel  costs  decreased  $1.0  million,  or  19.9%,  compared  to  the  year  ended 
December  31,  2014.  Personnel  costs  decreased  as  a  result  of  a  decline  in  wage  and  bonus  expense  combined  with  a  decrease  in 
deferred compensation. Salary, bonus, and benefit expense decreased $514,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015 as compared to 
the year ended December 31, 2014. The decrease in salary, bonus, and benefit expense is primarily due to a decrease of approximately 
$821,000 related to the completion of our executive transition plan, wherein we no longer accrue and pay a salary and bonus to Mr. 
Hill and Ms. Bowers, each of who transitioned to directors of the Company in 2015. The decrease related to our executive transition 
plan  is  inclusive  of  $300,000  of  cash  bonus  payments  made  in  lieu  of  phantom  stock  units  (“PSUs”)  in  2014  that  did  not  occur  in 
2015,  which  were  made  to  reduce  the  potential  exposure  to  an  increase  in  deferred  compensation  expense  resulting  from  PSU  re-
measurement  corresponding  to  an  increase  in  share  price.  This  decrease  is  partially  offset  by  a  one-time  bonus  of  $591,000  for 
members of management holding stock appreciation rights at the time of the special dividend paid out in August 2015, combined with 
a $65,000 increase in labor capitalized to ongoing projects.

Deferred compensation costs increased $1.1 million, or 158.7% for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year 
ended December 31, 2015. Deferred compensation increased as a result of the change in our stock price, which increased $3.60 for the 
year  ended  December  31,  2016  compared  to  a  U.S.  Dollar  adjusted  stock  price  increase  of  $0.97  for  the  year  ended  December 31, 
2015, combined with the continued vesting of outstanding PSUs and SARs. PSUs and SARs derive their value from the value of one 
outstanding share of stock. Deferred compensation is recorded upon the vesting of these awards. Outstanding vested units are revalued   
periodically based upon the change in unit price as derived from the change in stock price.

Deferred compensation decreased $587,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 
2014. Deferred  compensation  decreased primarily  as  a  result  of the reduction in the  total  number  of PSUs outstanding  for the  year 
ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. The U.S. Dollar adjusted share price increased $0.97 for 
both the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.

City  of  Maricopa  memorandum  of  understanding  fees  increased  $316,000  or  57.8%,  to  $863,000  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2016 compared to $547,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015. Previously, we agreed to offset the cash payments 
associated with the license fees through December 31, 2015 with miscellaneous utility related services provided by us to the City of 
Maricopa. Beginning in January 2016, we began paying the City of Maricopa for the license fees calculated at 3% of revenues of Palo 
Verde  Utility  Company  and  Santa  Cruz  Water  Company.  City  of  Maricopa  memorandum  of  understanding  fees  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2015 did not change significantly when compared to the year ended December 31, 2014.

Regulatory  expenses  increased  $154,000,  or  205.3%,  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  compared  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2014. The increase in regulatory expense was due to amortization of deferred rate case costs incurred during the latest 
rate case that resulted in Rate Decision No. 74364. Amortization of the deferred rate case costs began in January 2015 in conjunction 
with the onset of new rates. Regulatory expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 did not change significantly when compared 
to the year ended December 31, 2015. 

Professional  fees,  which  include  legal  and  accounting  costs,  increased  $49,000,  or  3.6%,  for  the  year  ended  December 31, 
2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. Professional fees increased primarily as a result of a $214,000 increase in legal 
expenses associated with being a U.S. publicly traded company, which expenses were historically recorded at GWRC, combined with 
an increase associated with the Private Letter Ruling. These increases were partially offset by a $165,000 decrease in accounting and 
other  services,  which  decreased  as  part  of  a  reduction  in  expenses  related  to  audit  and  tax  services  combined  with  a  reduction  in 
certain other consulting arrangements.

Professional fees decreased $76,000, or 5.3%, for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 
31, 2014, as certain accounting and legal fees related to Rate Decision No. 74364 were incurred during the year ended December 31, 
2014 that did not occur in 2015.

Board  compensation  costs  increased  $1.0  million,  or  259.2%  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016  compared  to  the  year 
ended December 31,  2015. The increase in board compensation  is primarily related  to $649,000 in stock option expense associated 
with  the  2016  option  grant  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2016  compared  to  zero  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015.  
Additionally, board compensation expense increased as a result of the change in stock price, which increased $3.60 for the year ended 
December 31, 2016 compared to the U.S. Dollar adjusted increase of $0.97 for the year ended December 31, 2015, combined with an 
increase in the number of deferred phantom units (“DPUs”) outstanding as of December 31, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015.

Board  compensation  increased  $238,000,  or  154.3%,  to  $392,000  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  compared  to  the 
year ended December 31, 2014. Board compensation increased due to the completion of the executive transition plan in 2015, wherein 
Mr. Hill and Ms. Bowers began being compensated as board members rather than employees. In addition to the transition plan, board 
compensation was also affected by an approximately $44,000 in DPUs awarded to certain board members in conjunction with the one-
time dividend paid out in August 2015 in relation to the condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia.

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Miscellaneous  expenses  increased  $210,000  or  85.4%  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016  compared  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2015. This increase is primarily related to an increase in the taxes and fees associated with the completion of the U.S. 
IPO and our status as a U.S. publicly traded company, of which a portion of these expenses were historically recorded at GWRC. 

Gain on Regulatory Order – The $50.7 million gain on regulatory order recorded during the year ended December 31, 2014 represents 
the  benefit  to  the  Company’s  periodic  earnings  as  a  result  of  Rate  Decision  No.  74364,  which  concluded  that  infrastructure 
coordination and financing agreement funds received historically would no longer be recorded as contributions in aid of construction.

Depreciation – Depreciation expense decreased by $1.9 million, or 23.5%, to $6.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. This 
decrease  is  primarily  related  to  the  condemnation  of  the  operations  and  assets  of  Valencia  and  the  sale  of  Willow  Valley,  which 
recorded  depreciation  of  approximately  $63,000  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016  and  $1.4  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2015 in addition to certain assets reaching the end of their useful lives and, therefore, having been fully depreciated.

Depreciation expense decreased by $992,000, or 10.8%, to $8.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to 
$9.2 million the year ended December 31, 2014. The decrease of depreciation expense is primarily due to the condemnation of the 
operations and assets of Valencia combined with some of our assets reaching their full useful life and, therefore, having been fully 
depreciated.

Other Income (Expense) – Other expense totaled a net $9.6 million  for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to net other 
income of $35.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The change in other expense is primarily driven by the $43.0 million 
gain  associated  with  the  condemnation  of  the  operations  and  assets  of  Valencia  recorded  in  2015  combined  with  a  $3.6  million 
increase  in  interest  expense  in  2016.  The  increase  in  net  expense  in  2016  was  partially  offset  by  a  $1.5  million  increase  in  other 
income. 

Interest expense increased 43.0% to $11.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $8.3 million for the 
year ended December 31, 2015. Interest expense increased due to the refinancing of debt that was completed in June of 2016. As part 
of  the  refinancing,  we  paid  $3.2  million  in  prepayment  penalties  and  wrote  off  the  remaining  $2.2  million  in  capitalized  loan  fees 
related to the retired bonds. These increases were partially offset by lower interest rate expense in the second half of 2016 related to 
the refinancing of our bonds in June 2016.

Other income increased to $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to income of $767,000 for the year 
ended December 31, 2015. The increase in other income was primarily attributed to a $954,000 gain on the settlement of the Sonoran 
purchase liability. The Sonoran liability was originally due in June 2018, however, by accelerating the payoff of the liability, we were 
able  to reduce the original  liability  of $3.8 million  to $2.8 million.  Additionally,  other income  includes approximately $1.2 million 
related to the Valencia earn out for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $624,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015, 
wherein we receive $3,000 for each new meter installed in the Valencia service area. These gains were partially offset by a $54,000 
loss on sale of Willow Valley Water Company in May of 2016 combined with a reduction in other income related to the 2015 gain of 
$296,000 on proceeds received in relation to the sale of Loop 303 Contracts.

Other  income  totaled  a  net  $35.5  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  compared  to  net  other  expense  of  $6.9 
million for the year ended December 31, 2014. Other income (expense) primarily consisted of the gain on the condemnation of the 
operations and assets of Valencia, interest expense, loss on equity method investment and other income. The $42.3 million change in 
other income is primarily attributed to the $43.0 million gain recorded in 2015 with the condemnation of the operations and assets of 
Valencia  combined  with  $624,000  of  income  attributed  to  the  Valencia  earn  out,  wherein  we  receive  $3,000  for  each  new  meter 
installed  within  our  prior  service  area  over  a  20-year  period,  beginning  January  1,  2015.  The  gain  on  the  condemnation  of  the 
operations  and  assets  of  Valencia  was  partially  offset  by  $2.0  million  of  interest  income  related  to  the  Sierra  Negra  Ranch,  LLC 
litigation recorded during the year ended December 31, 2014, which was not recorded in 2015.

Loss  on  equity  method  investment,  recorded  to  other  income  (expense)—related  party  on  the  consolidated  statements  of 
operations,  decreased  $473,000  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  compared  to  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014  due  to  the 
reduction in the Company’s share of ongoing losses, which declined as a result of the recapitalization of Fathom Water Management 
Holdings, LLP in November 2014. Equity method losses for the year ended December  31, 2016 did not change significantly when 
compared to the year ended December 31, 2015.

Income  Tax  Benefit  –  An  income  tax  benefit  of  $1.5  million  was  recorded  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016  compared  to 
income tax expense of $20.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The income tax benefit is related to our current period 
losses.

Income tax expense increased to $20.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to a benefit of $17.0 million 
for the year ended December 31, 2014. The change in income tax expense is driven by the $20.2 million tax expense related to the 
condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to a $16.1 million tax benefit 

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related to the reversal of substantially all the deferred tax asset valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 2014 as a result 
of Rate Decision No. 74364. 

Effective June 2012 and through December 31, 2013, the Company maintained a full income tax valuation allowance against 
its net deferred tax assets. During the year ended December 31, 2014, as a result of the additional revenues expected to be provided by 
Rate Decision No. 74364, as well as other factors, the Company performed an evaluation of its deferred tax assets and determined that 
sufficient evidence existed such that the majority of the Company’s deferred tax assets would be utilized in the future. Accordingly, 
the Company reversed substantially all of the deferred tax asset valuation allowance previously recorded, resulting in a $16.1 million 
income tax benefit. For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recorded an $868,000 income tax benefit related to current 
year losses.

Net Loss – Our net loss totaled $2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to a net income of $21.4 million for the 
year  ended  December 31,  2015.  The  $24.2  million  decrease  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016  compared  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2015 is primarily attributed to the $43.0 million gain on the condemnation of operations and assets of Valencia, net of a 
$20.2 million tax liability for the year ended December 31, 2015. Additionally, interest expense increased $3.6 million and deferred 
compensation and board compensation increased $2.1 million. Interest expense increased due to the expenses associated with our debt 
refinancing. Deferred compensation increased primarily due to an increases in stock price, combined with option grants to members of 
the board. The amounts were partially offset by an income tax benefit of $1.5 million related to our current period losses. 

Net  income  totaled  $21.4  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015  compared  to  $64.9  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2014. The change in net income for the year ended December 31, 2015 is primarily attributed to the $43.0 million gain 
on the condemnation of the operations and assets  of Valencia, net of a $20.2 million  tax liability  for the year ended December  31, 
2015  compared  to  the  $50.7  million  gain  on  regulatory  order,  $16.1  million  release  of  income  tax  asset  valuation  allowance  and 
interest income of $2.0 million related to the resolution of certain litigation recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014 that did 
not  occur  in  2015.  Additionally,  the  Company  recognized  approximately  $296,000  of  income  from  proceeds  related  to  the  sale  of 
Loop 303 Contracts along with a $176,000 loss in conjunction with the classification of Willow Valley's assets as held for sale, which 
did not occur in 2014.

Outstanding Share Data

As of March 10, 2017, there were 19,581,266 shares of our common stock outstanding and options to acquire an additional 

368,395 shares of our common stock outstanding.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our capital resources are provided by internally generated cash flows from operations as well as debt and equity financing. 
Additionally,  our  regulated  utility  subsidiaries  receive  advances  and  contributions  from  customers,  home  builders,  and  real  estate 
developers to partially fund construction necessary to extend service to new areas. We use our capital resources to:











fund operating costs;

fund capital requirements, including construction expenditures;

pay dividends;

make debt and interest payments; and

invest in new and existing ventures.

Our  utility  subsidiaries  operate  in  rate-regulated  environments  in  which  the  amount  of  new  investment  recovery  may  be 
limited; such recovery will take place over an extended period of time because recovery through rate increases is subject to regulatory 
lag.

As  of  December 31,  2016,  we  have  one  notable  near-term  cash  expenditure  obligation  related  to  an  estimated  $178,000  tax 
liability associated with the GWRC merger. We have no notable near-term debt obligations. While specific facts and circumstances could 
change, we believe that we have sufficient cash on hand and will be able to generate sufficient cash flows to meet our operating cash flow 
requirements and capital expenditure plan as well as remain in compliance with our debt covenants for at least the next twelve months.

In  March  2014,  we  initiated  a  dividend  program  to  declare  and  pay  a  monthly  dividend.  On  November  14,  2016  we 
announced  a  monthly  dividend  increase  from  $0.022  per  share  ($0.264  per  share  annually)  to  $0.0225  per  share  ($0.27  per  share 
annually).  Although  we  expect  monthly  dividends  will  be  declared  and  paid  for  the  foreseeable  future,  the  declaration  of  any 
dividends is at the discretion of our board of directors and is subject to legal requirements. 

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The  senior  secured  notes  contain  a  provision  limiting  the  payment  of  dividends  if  we  fall  below  a  debt  service  ratio  of 
consolidated EBITDA to consolidated debt service of 1.25, or 1.20 for the quarters ending June 30, 2021 through the quarter ending 
March 31, 2024. Consolidated EBITDA is calculated as net income plus depreciation, taxes, interest, and other non-cash charges net 
of non-cash income. Consolidated debt service is calculated as interest expense, principal payments, dividend declarations and stock 
repurchases.  As  of  December 31,  2016,  we  were  in  compliance  with  our  dividend  covenant,  and  we  believe  we  will  remain  in 
compliance for at least the next twelve months.

Cash from Operating Activities 

Cash flows provided by operating activities are used for operating needs and to meet capital expenditure requirements. Our 
future cash flows from operating activities will be affected by economic utility regulation, infrastructure investment, growth in service 
connections, customer usage of water, compliance with environmental health and safety standards, production costs, and weather and 
seasonality.

For the year ended December 31, 2016, our net cash provided by operating activities totaled $1.9 million compared to $4.2 
million  for the year ended December 31,  2015. The $2.4 million change  in cash from operating  activities  is primarily  driven by an 
increase in net losses for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. This loss was primarily 
driven by the $3.2 million prepayment penalty on the retirement of our tax exempt bonds.

For the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company’s net cash provided by operating activities 
totaled $4.2 million and $11.6 million, respectively. The $7.4 million change in cash from operating activities was primarily driven by 
$2.8  million  of  infrastructure  coordination  and  financing  agreement  funds  and  $2.0  million  of  interest  in  connection  with  the 
settlement of the Sierra Negra Ranch, LLC litigation, received for the year ended December 31, 2014 and not for 2015. Additionally, 
cash from operations was affected by a $1.4 million payout of accrued PSU expense for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Further, operating cash flows are affected by the timing of the recording and settlement of accounts payable and other accrued 

liabilities.

Cash Used In Investing Activities 

Our  net  cash  used  in  investing  activities  totaled  $6.2  million  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016  compared  to  $52.0 
million cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015. The $58.1 million change was primarily driven by 
$55.1  million  in  proceeds  received  in  relation  to  the  condemnation  of  the  operations  and  assets  of  Valencia  in  2015.  In  addition, 
capital expenditures increased $5.2 million to $8.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $3.4 million for the 
year ended December 31, 2015. These capital expenditures for the year ended December 31,  2016 were partially  offset by the $2.3 
million in cash proceeds from the sale of Willow Valley.

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015,  the  Company’s  net  cash  provided  by  investing  activities  totaled  $52.0  million 
compared to $1.4 million in net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014. The $53.4 million change was 
primarily driven by the $55.2 million in proceeds received in relation to the condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia and 
$296,000 in proceeds from the sale of Loop 303 Contracts received during the year ended December 31, 2015. These increases were 
partially offset by a $1.7 million increase in capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended 
December 31, 2014. 

We  continue  to  invest  capital  prudently  in  our  existing,  core  service  areas  where  we  are  able  to  deploy  our  Total  Water 
Management  model  and  as  service  connections  grow.  This  includes  any  required  maintenance  capital  expenditures  and  the 
construction  of  new  water  and  wastewater  treatment  and  delivery  facilities.  We  expect  capital  expenditures  to  increase  in  2017  as 
compared  to  recent  years  as  a  result  of  our  decision  to  accelerate  certain  capital  expenditures  within  our  capital  improvement  plan 
related  to  the  recently  obtained  Private  Letter  Ruling  (see  “–Recent  Events–Private  Letter  Ruling”),  which  provides  that  water 
reclamation facility improvements are similar or related in service or use, which capital improvements would defer a portion of the tax 
gain  realized  from  the  condemnation  of  the  operations  and  assets  of  Valencia.  Our  projected  capital  expenditures  and  other 
investments are subject to periodic review and revision to reflect changes in economic conditions and other factors.

Cash Used In Financing Activities

Our net cash provided by financing activities totaled $13.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, a $64.5 million 
change as compared to the $51.3 million in cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015. This change was 
primarily driven by the refinancing of tax exempt bonds, wherein we repaid $106.7 million in tax exempt bonds with $115.0 million in 
proceeds from our two series of senior secured notes, combined with the release of $8.8 million in bond reserves associated with the 
refinancing. Additionally, we generated $5.5 million in net proceeds from our recently completed U.S. IPO. Proceeds received for the 
year ended December 31, 2016 were partially offset by the $2.8 million payment to settle our Sonoran acquisition liability, combined 

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with $5.0 million in dividends paid. Cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was primarily driven by 
$27.6 million in dividends paid and $21.7 million in loan repayments of which $21.3 million was associated with the retirement of the 
MidFirst loan.

For the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company’s net cash used in financing activities totaled 
$51.3 million and $5.6 million, respectively. The $45.7 million increase in cash used in financing activities was principally driven by 
$21.3 million in cash used to retire our term loan with MidFirst Bank in July 2015 combined with an increase of $24.2 million in the 
amount of dividends paid during the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014, of which $22.8 
million of the increase is related to a special one-time cash dividend paid on August 12, 2015.

Senior Secured Notes

On June 24, 2016, we closed the  Note  Purchase  Agreement  entered  into  on May 20, 2016 and issued  two series  of senior 
secured notes with a total principal balance of $115.0 million at a blended interest rate of 4.55%. Series A carries a principal balance 
of $28.8 million and bears an interest rate of 4.38% over a twelve-year term, with the principal payment due on June 15, 2028. Series 
B carries a principal balance of $86.3 million and bears an interest rate of 4.58% over a 20-year term. Series B is interest only for the 
first five years, with $1.9 million  principal payments paid semiannually  thereafter.  The proceeds  of the Senior Secured  Notes were 
primarily used to refinance the existing long-term tax exempt bonds, pursuant to an early redemption option at 103%, plus accrued 
interest, as a result of the U.S. IPO. 

Insurance Coverage

We carry various property, casualty, and financial insurance policies with limits, deductibles, and exclusions consistent with 
industry  standards.  However,  insurance  coverage  may  not  be  adequate  or  available  to  cover  unanticipated  losses  or  claims.  We  are 
self-insured to the extent that losses are within the policy deductible or exceed the amount of insurance maintained. Such losses could 
have a material adverse effect on our short-term and long-term financial condition and the results of operations and cash flows.

Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments, and Estimates

The  application  of  critical  accounting  policies  is  particularly  important  to  our  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations 
and  provides  a  framework  for  management  to  make  significant  estimates,  assumptions,  and  other  judgments.  Additionally,  our 
financial  condition,  results  of  operations,  and  cash  flow  are  impacted  by  the  methods,  assumptions,  and  estimates  used  in  the 
application of critical accounting policies. Although our management believes that these estimates, assumptions, and other judgments 
are appropriate, they relate to matters that are inherently uncertain and that may change in subsequent periods. Accordingly, changes 
in  the  estimates,  assumptions,  and  other  judgments  applied  to  these  accounting  policies  could  have  a  significant  impact  on  our 
financial condition and results of operations as reflected in our financial statements. 

Income Taxes 

Estimation of income taxes includes an evaluation of the recoverability of deferred tax assets based on an assessment of the 
Company’s ability to utilize the underlying future tax deductions against future taxable income before they expire. The Company’s 
assessment  is  based  upon  existing  tax  laws  and  estimates  of  future  taxable  income.  If  the  assessment  of  the  Company’s  ability  to 
utilize  the  underlying  future  tax  deductions  changes,  the  Company  would  be  required  to  recognize  fewer  of  the  tax  deductions  as 
assets, which would increase the income tax expense in the period in which the determination is made. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

A discussion of recently adopted accounting pronouncements is included footnote 1 to the consolidated financial statements 

contained in Part II, Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.  

Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the "JOBS Act") Accounting Election and Other Matters 

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can 
elect to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as 
those  standards  apply to  private  companies.  We  chose  to  take  advantage  of this  extended  transition  provision.  See  “Risk  Factors—
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock—Our election to take advantage of the JOBS Act extended accounting transition 
period may make our financial statements more difficult to compare to other public companies” and “Risk Factors—Risks Related to 
the  Ownership  of  Our  Common  Stock—Taking  advantage  of  the  reduced  disclosure  requirements  applicable  to  emerging  growth 
companies may make our common stock less attractive to investors” included in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K, for additional 
information.

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The  Company  historically  accounted  for  stock  appreciation  rights  (“SARs”)  as  liability  compensatory  awards  under  ASC 
710,  Compensation  –  General,  valued  using  the  intrinsic  value  method,  as  permitted  by  ASC  718,  Compensation  –  Stock 
Compensation (“ASC 718”), for nonpublic entities. Upon becoming a public company, as defined in ASC 718, in the first quarter of 
2016, the Company was required to change its methodology for valuing the SARs. While the SARs will continue to be remeasured at 
each quarterly reporting date, the SARs are required to be accounted for prospectively at fair value using a fair value pricing model, 
such as Black-Scholes. The Company recorded the impact of the change in valuation methods as a cumulative effect of a change in 
accounting principle, as permitted by ASC 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections. The effect of the change increased the 
SAR  liability  by  $103,000  which  was  the  difference  in  compensation  cost  measured  using  the  intrinsic  value  method  and  the  fair 
value method. An offsetting change to accumulated deficit in the consolidated balance sheet was recorded with the revaluation, net of 
$38,000  in  taxes.  Any  future  changes  in  fair  value  will  be  recorded  as  compensation  expense  in  the  consolidated  statement  of 
operations.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Item 7A. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

For  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016,  the  Company  was  exposed  to  market  risk  associated  with  changes  in  commodity 
prices, equity prices, and interest rates. With the closing of the Note Purchase Agreement entered into on May 20, 2016, the Company 
no longer carries debt at a variable rate. 

Other than interest-related risks, the Company believes the risks associated with price increases for chemicals, electricity, and 
other  commodities  are  mitigated  by  the  Company’s  ability  over  the  long-term  to  recover  its  costs  through  rate  increases  to  its 
customers, though such recovery is subject to regulatory lag.

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ITEM 8.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

54
55
56
57
58

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of  
Global Water Resources, Inc. 
Phoenix, AZ 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Global Water Resources, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as 
of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each 
of  the  three  years  in  the  period  ended  December  31,  2016.  These  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company's 
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements based on our audits.  

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those 
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of 
material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over 
financial  reporting.  Our  audits  included  consideration  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  a  basis  for  designing  audit 
procedures  that  are  appropriate  in  the  circumstances,  but  not  for  the  purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the  effectiveness  of  the 
Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a 
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and 
significant  estimates  made  by  management,  as  well  as  evaluating  the  overall  financial  statement  presentation.  We  believe  that  our 
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.  

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Global Water 
Resources, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of 
the  three  years  in  the  period  ended  December  31,  2016,  in  conformity  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United 
States of America.  

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP 

Phoenix, Arizona 
March 10, 2017 

-53- 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASSETS
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:

  Property, plant and equipment
  Less accumulated depreciation

Net property, plant and equipment

CURRENT ASSETS:

  Cash and cash equivalents
  Accounts receivable — net
  Due from affiliates
  Accrued revenue
  Prepaid expenses and other current assets
  Assets held for sale

Total current assets

OTHER ASSETS:

  Intangible assets — net
  Regulatory asset
  Deposits
  Bond service fund and other restricted cash
  Equity method investment
Total other assets

TOTAL ASSETS

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
  Accounts payable
  Accrued expenses
  Deferred revenue
  Customer and meter deposits
  Long-term debt and capital leases — current portion
  Liabilities relating to assets held for sale

Total current liabilities

NONCURRENT LIABILITIES:

  Long-term debt and capital leases
  Deferred regulatory gain - ICFA
  Regulatory liability
  Advances in aid of construction
  Contributions in aid of construction — net
  Deferred income tax liabilities, net
  Acquisition liability
  Other noncurrent liabilities

 Total noncurrent liabilities
 Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies (see Note 13)
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:

GLOBAL WATER RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

  December 31, 2016  

  December 31, 2015  

  $

273,366    $
(72,877)  
200,489   

  $

  $

258,244 
(64,092)
194,152 

11,513 
1,132 
306 
1,745 
1,179 
2,840 
18,715 

12,772 
227 
13 
9,042 
821 
22,875 
235,742 

1,322 
5,137 
11 
1,706 
1,994 
493 
10,663 

102,417 
19,730 
7,859 
61,480 
4,426 
4,164 
4,688 
252 
205,016 
215,679 

2 
21,659 
(1,598)
20,063 
235,742  

20,498   
1,471   
333   
1,619   
819   
—   
24,740   

12,772   
110   
—   
228   
480   
13,590   
238,819    $

1,791    $
7,602   
1   
1,482   
25   
—   
10,901   

114,317   
19,740   
7,859   
61,996   
4,585   
2,383   
934   
913   
212,727   
223,628   

196   
19,510   
(4,515)  
15,191   
238,819    $

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 60,000,000 shares authorized; 19,581,266 and 18,241,746 shares
   issued as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively
  Paid in capital
  Accumulated deficit

Total shareholders' equity

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

  $

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

-54-

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GLOBAL WATER RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

REVENUES:

Water services
Wastewater and recycled water services
Unregulated revenues
Total revenues

OPERATING EXPENSES:

Operations and maintenance
Operations and maintenance - related party
General and administrative
Gain on regulatory order
Depreciation

Total operating expenses

OPERATING INCOME

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):

Interest income
Interest expense
Gain on condemnation of Valencia
Other
Other - related party

Total other income (expense)

INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES
INCOME TAX (EXPENSE) BENEFIT
NET INCOME (LOSS)

Basic earnings (loss) per common share
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share
Dividends declared per common share

2016

For the Year Ended December 31,
2015

2014

 $

13,978 
15,740 
81 
29,799 

 $

16,320 
15,020 
616 
31,956 

6,188 
1,853 
10,209 
— 
6,279 
24,529 
5,270 

18 
(11,866)
— 
2,222 
15 
(9,611)

(4,341)
1,489 
(2,852)

(0.15)
(0.15)
0.26 

 $

 $
 $
 $

7,080 
2,179 
7,957 
— 
8,213 
25,429 
6,527 

11 
(8,299)
42,983 
767 
(3)
35,459 

41,986 
(20,623)
21,363 

1.17 
1.17 
1.43 

 $

 $
 $
 $

18,076 
14,112 
371 
32,559 

8,020 
2,398 
8,809 
(50,664)
9,205 
(22,232)
54,791 

79 
(9,512)
— 
2,162 
416 
(6,855)

47,936 
16,995 
64,931 

3.54 
3.54 
0.20 

 $

 $

 $
 $
 $

Weighted average number of common shares used in the 
determination of:

Basic
Diluted

19,146,534   
19,146,534   

18,297,504   
18,297,504   

18,329,441 
18,329,441  

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

-55-

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GLOBAL WATER RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

BALANCE – December 31, 2013

Dividend declared $0.20 per share
Stock-based compensation
Deemed distribution to related party
Net income

BALANCE – December 31, 2014

Dividend declared $1.43 per share
Deemed distribution to related party
Share repurchase
Net income

BALANCE – December 31, 2015
Net proceeds from sale of stock
Dividend declared $0.26 per share
Merger of GWRC
Retirement of treasury shares
Deemed distribution to related party
Stock compensation
Cumulative effect of change in accounting 
principle
Net loss

BALANCE – December 31, 2016

Shares

    18,239,441    $
—     
—     
—     
—     
    18,239,441    $
—     
90,007     
(87,702)    
—     
    18,241,746    $
    1,339,520     
—     
—     
—     
—     
—     

Common 
Stock

Treasury 
Stock

Paid-in 
Capital

 $

 $

2 
— 
— 
— 
— 
2 
— 
— 
— 
— 
2 
281 
— 
— 
(87)   
— 
— 

 $

—    $
—     
—     
—     
—     
—    $
—     
—     
—     
—     
—    $
—     
—     
(87)    
87     
—     
—     

Accumulated
Deficit
(87,892)   $
—     
—     
—     
64,931     
(22,961)   $
—     
—     
—     
21,363     
(1,598)   $
—     
—     
—     
—     
—     
—     

    Total Equity  
(32,842)
(3,904)
(8)
(497)
64,931 
27,680 
(27,607)
(909)
(464)
21,363 
20,063 
5,539 
(5,042)
(2,452)
— 
(648)
648 

55,048    $
(3,904)    
(8)    
(497)    
—     
50,639    $
(27,607)    
(909)    
(464)    
—     
21,659    $
5,258     
(5,042)    
(2,365)    
—     
(648)    
648     

—     
—     
    19,581,266    $

— 
— 
196 

 $

—     
—     
—    $

—     
—     
19,510    $

(65)    
(2,852)    
(4,515)   $

(65)
(2,852)
15,191  

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

-56-

 
 
   
 
 
   
   
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
  
   
  
   
  
   
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
GLOBAL WATER RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)

2016

For the Year Ended December 31,
2015

2014

 $

(2,852)   $

21,363 

 $

64,931 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

  Net (loss) income
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by 
operating activities:
    Deferred compensation
    Depreciation
    Write-off of debt issuance costs
    Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs and discounts

Gain on condemnation of Valencia
    Gain on sale of Loop 303 contracts

Loss on sale of Willow Valley
(Gain) loss on equity investment
Gains on regulatory order
Other (gains) and losses

    Provision for doubtful accounts receivable
    Deferred income tax benefit (expense)
Changes in assets and liabilities:

      Accounts receivables
  Other current assets

      Accounts payable and other current liabilities
      Other noncurrent assets
      Other noncurrent liabilities

Net cash provided by operating activities

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

  Capital expenditures
  Proceeds from the condemnation of Valencia
  Proceeds from the sale of Willow Valley
  Withdrawals (deposits) of restricted cash, net
  Cash received from the sale of Loop 303 Contracts
  Cash advance to related party
  Repayment of related party cash advance
  Other cash flows from investing activities

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

  Loan borrowings
  Repayments of bond debt
  Deposits in bond service fund
  Proceeds withdrawn from bond service fund
  Proceeds from sale of stock
  Payments of offering costs for sale of stock
  Payment of Sonoran acquisition liability
  Loan repayments
  Principal payments under capital lease
  Debt issuance costs paid
  Advances in aid of construction
  Dividends paid
  Share repurchase
  Refunds of advances for construction

2,776   
6,279   
2,165   
428   
—   
—   
54   
340   
—   
(978)  
70   
(1,610)  

(409)  
(415)  
(4,087)  
117   
17   
1,895   

(8,588)
— 
2,254 
154 
— 
— 
— 
13 
(6,167)  

115,000   
(106,695)  
—   
8,825   
8,372   
(2,823)  
(2,800)  
—   
(378)  
(760)  
346   
(5,036)  
—   
(794)  
13,257   
8,985   
11,513   
20,498    $

798 
8,213 
282 
204 
(42,983)
(296)
176 
329 
— 
— 
69 
20,561 

125 
(2,241)
(2,502)
147 
— 
4,245 

(3,355)
55,107 
— 
(70)
296 
(12,745)
12,745 
(6)
51,972 

— 
(1,775)
— 
1,001 
— 
— 
— 
(21,719)
(99)
— 
357 
(27,607)
(464)
(975)
(51,281)
4,936 
6,577 
11,513 

 $

1,361 
9,205 
696 
334 
— 
— 
— 
(144)
(50,664)
(50)
83 
(16,995)

26 
0 
(227)
34 
3,056 
11,646 

(1,655)
— 
— 
198 
— 
— 
— 
26 
(1,431)

21,800 
(12,347)
(1,000)
626 
— 
— 
— 
(10,390)
(105)
(346)
365 
(3,454)
— 
(747)
(5,598)
4,617 
1,960 
6,577  

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS — Beginning of period
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS – End of period

 $

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

-57-

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
    
 
  
  
  
  
    
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
    
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
    
 
  
  
  
  
    
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
    
 
  
  
  
  
    
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
GLOBAL WATER RESOURCES, INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

1.

DESCRIPTION  OF  BUSINESS,  BASIS  OF  PRESENTATION,  CORPORATE  TRANSACTIONS,  SIGNIFICANT 
ACCOUNTING POLICIES, AND RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Description of Business

Global Water Resources, Inc. (the “Company” or “GWRI”) is a water resource management company that owns, operates, 
and manages water, wastewater, and recycled water utilities in strategically located communities, principally in metropolitan Phoenix, 
Arizona. GWRI seeks to deploy an integrated approach, which the Company refers to as “Total Water Management,” a term used to 
mean managing the entire water cycle by owning and operating the water, wastewater, and recycled water utilities within the same 
geographic  areas  in  order  to  both  conserve  water  and  maximize  its  total  economic  and  social  value.  GWRI  uses  Total  Water 
Management to promote sustainable communities in areas where the expectation is for growth to outpace the existing potable water 
supply. The Company’s model focuses on the broad issues of water supply and scarcity and applies principles of water conservation 
through  water  reclamation  and  reuse.  The  basic  premise  is  that  the  world’s  water  supply  is  limited  and  yet  can  be  stretched 
significantly  through  effective  planning,  the  use  of  recycled  water,  and  by  providing  individuals  and  communities  resources  that 
promote wise water usage practices. 

GWRI  currently  owns  eight  water  and  wastewater  utilities  in  strategically  targeted  communities  in  metropolitan  Phoenix. 
GWRI currently serves more than 50,000 people in approximately 19,000 homes within our 328 square miles of certificated service 
areas, which are serviced by four wholly-owned regulated operating subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016. Approximately 98.9% of 
the Company’s active service connections are customers of our Santa Cruz and Palo Verde utilities, which are located within a single 
service area. GWRI has grown significantly since its formation in 2003, with total revenues increasing from $4.9 million in 2004 to 
$29.8 million in 2016, and total  service  connections  increasing from 8,113 as of December 31, 2004 to 38,026 as of December 31, 
2016, with regionally planned service areas large enough to serve approximately two million service connections. 

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The  Company’s  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  accounting  principles  generally 
accepted  in  the  United  States  of  America  (“U.S.  GAAP”)  and  include  the  accounts  of  GWRI  and  its  subsidiaries.  All  significant 
intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. 

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  SEC.  The  preparation  of  the 
financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported 
amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  disclosure  of  contingent  assets  and  liabilities  at  the  date  of  the  financial  statements  and  the 
reported  amounts  of  income  and  expenses  during  the  reporting  period.  Actual  results  could  differ  from  those  estimates.  The  U.S. 
dollar is the Company’s reporting currency and functional currency.

As  a  company  with  less  than  $1.0  billion  in  revenue  during  our  last  fiscal  year,  GWRI  qualifies  as  an  “emerging  growth 
company”, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), under the rules and regulations of the 
SEC.  An  emerging  growth  company  may  take  advantage  of  specified  reduced  reporting  and  other  requirements  that  are  otherwise 
applicable generally to public companies. GWRI has elected to take advantage of these provisions for up to five years or such earlier 
time that the Company is no longer an emerging growth company. The Company has elected to take advantage of some of the reduced 
disclosure obligations regarding financial statements. Also, as an emerging growth company, the Company can elect to delay adopting 
new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to 
private companies. GWRI has chosen to take advantage of this extended accounting transition provision.

Certain  prior  period  information  has  been  adjusted  to  conform  to  the  current  year  presentation  to  reflect  a  100.68  to  1.00 
stock  split  effectuated  on  April  28,  2016.  All  share  and  per  share  amounts  presented  in  these  financial  statements  have  been 
retrospectively adjusted to reflect the impact of the stock split.

Corporate Transactions 

Sale of certain MXA and WMA contracts 

In  September  2013,  the  Company  sold  its  Wastewater  Facilities  Main  Extension  Agreements  (“MXA”)  and  Offsite  Water 
Management  Agreements  (“WMA")  for  the  contemplated  Loop  303  service  area  along  with  their  related  rights  and  obligations  to 
EPCOR Water Arizona Inc. (“EPCOR”) (collectively the “Transfer of Project Agreement”, or “Loop 303 Contracts”). Pursuant to the 
Transfer  of  Project  Agreement,  EPCOR  agreed  to  pay  GWRI  approximately  $4.1  million  over  a  multi-year  period.  As  part  of  the 
consideration, GWRI agreed to complete certain engineering work required in the WMAs, which work had been completed prior to 

-58-

January 1, 2015. As the engineering work has been completed, the Company effectively has no further obligations under the WMAs, 
the MXAs, or the Transfer of Project Agreement. Prior to January 1, 2015, the Company had received $2.8 million of proceeds and 
recognized income of approximately $3.3 million within other income (expense) in the statement of operations related to the gain on 
sale  of  these  agreements  and  the  proceeds  received  prior  to  January  1,  2015  for  engineering  work  required  in  the  WMAs.  The 
Company received additional proceeds of approximately $296,000 in April 2015 and recognized those amounts as income at that time. 
Receipt  of  the  remaining  $1.0  million  of  proceeds  will  be  recorded  as  additional  income  over  time  as  certain  milestones  are  met 
between EPCOR and the developers/landowners.

Stipulated condemnation of Valencia 

On March 17, 2015, the Company reached a settlement agreement for a stipulated condemnation to sell the utility operating 
as Valencia Water Company, Inc. (“Valencia”) to the City of Buckeye (“Buckeye”), which was approved by Buckeye's City Council 
on March 19, 2015 and by the Maricopa County Superior Court on June 9, 2015. On July 14, 2015, the Company closed the stipulated 
condemnation  of  the  operations  and  assets  of  Valencia  with  Buckeye.  Terms  of  the  condemnation  were  agreed  upon  through  a 
settlement  agreement  in  March  2015,  pursuant  to  which  Buckeye  acquired  the  operations  and  assets  of  Valencia  and  assumed 
operations of the utility upon close. Buckeye paid the Company $55.0 million at close, plus an additional $108,000 in working capital 
adjustments. As a result of the transaction, the Company recorded a gain of $43.0 million before tax liability of $20.2 million during 
the third quarter of 2015. Buckeye will also pay the Company a growth premium equal to $3,000 for each new water meter installed 
within Valencia's prior service areas for a 20-year period ending December 31, 2034, subject to a maximum payout of $45.0 million 
over the term of the agreement. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized $1.2 million in other income within 
the consolidated financial statements related to the growth premium.

In consideration of the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205-
20-45-1, Presentation of Financial Statements – Discontinued Operations, the condemnation of Valencia transaction did not meet the 
criteria  of  discontinued  operations.  As  the  transaction  did  not  change  the  services  provided  or  the  manner  in  which  the  Company 
operates,  it  was  determined  the  transaction  did  not  represent  a  strategic  shift  and  therefore  did  not  qualify  for  presentation  as  a 
discontinued operation.

Sale of Willow Valley Water Company, Inc. 

On March 23, 2015, the Company reached an agreement to sell the operations and assets of Willow Valley Water Company, 
Inc. (“Willow Valley”) to EPCOR. EPCOR purchased the operations, assets, and rights used by Willow Valley to operate the utility 
system for $2.3 million. The transaction was approved by the Arizona Corporation Commission (“ACC”) on March 10, 2016, and the 
transaction closed on May 9, 2016.

Per ASC 360-10-45-9, Impairment and Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, the assets and liabilities in the sale of Willow Valley 
were  determined  to  meet  the  criteria  to  be  classified  as  held  for  sale  beginning  with  our  March  31,  2015  consolidated  financial 
statements. The criteria utilized to make this determination were: (i) management had the authority and had entered into an agreement 
to sell the assets of Willow Valley; (ii) the assets and liabilities were available for immediate sale in their present condition; (iii) the 
approval from the ACC was probable within the next year; (iv) a reasonable price had been agreed upon; and (v) it was unlikely that 
significant  changes  to  the  agreement  would  occur  prior  to  approval.  In  consideration  of  ASC  205-20-45-1,  the  Willow  Valley 
transaction  did  not  meet  the  criteria  for  discontinued  operations.  As  the  transaction  did  not  change  the  services  provided  nor  the 
manner  in  which  the  Company  operates,  it  was  determined  the  transaction  did  not  represent  a  strategic  shift  and  therefore  did  not 
qualify for presentation as a discontinued operation.

-59-

Additionally,  as  the  carrying  value  of  the  assets  and  liabilities  of  Willow  Valley  were  greater  than  the  agreed  upon  sales 
price, a loss of $176,000 was recorded in other expense during the first quarter of 2015, when the assets and liabilities were classified 
as held for sale, to adjust the carrying value of the assets to the agreed upon fair value less cost to sell. An additional loss of $54,000 
was recognized upon close of the sale of Willow Valley in the second quarter of 2016. The assets and liabilities classified as held for 
sale as of December 31, 2015 were as follows:

Property, plant and equipment
Less Accumulated Depreciation

Net property, plant and equipment

Goodwill

Total assets

Advances in aid of construction
Contributions in aid of construction — net

Total liabilities

December 31, 2015
Willow Valley
(in thousands)

5,223 
(2,606)
2,617 

223 
2,840 

70 
423 
493  

  $

  $

  $

  $

Merger of GWR Global Water Resources Corp. (“GWRC”) 

On May 3, 2016, the Company completed the merger of GWRC into GWRI. At the time of the merger, GWRC ceased to 
exist as a British Columbia corporation and the Company continued as the surviving entity of the merger. See Note 7 – “Transactions 
with Related Parties”. In conjunction with the merger of GWRC into GWRI, the Company recorded $731,000 in accounts payable and 
$353,000 in deferred compensation on the books of GWRI that were previously recorded at GWRC. In addition to these liabilities, the 
Company also recorded an approximate $1.4 million tax liability associated with the transfer of GWRC from Canada to the United 
States. A corresponding reduction in paid-in capital was recorded with the merging of these liabilities into GWRI.

Initial Public Offering 

On April 27, 2016, the SEC declared effective the registration statement relating to the public offering of our common stock. 
On May 3, 2016, the Company completed the initial public offering of 1,164,800 shares of common stock at $6.25 per share for gross 
proceeds  of  approximately  $7.3  million  (the  “U.S.  IPO”).  The  Company  granted  the  underwriter  the  option  to  purchase  up  to  an 
additional 174,720 shares of common stock at the same price, which was exercised by the underwriter on May 11, 2016, for additional 
gross  proceeds  of  $1.1  million.  Our  shares  of  common  stock  are  listed  on  the  NASDAQ  Global  Market  and  the  Toronto  Stock 
Exchange under the symbols “GWRS” and “GWR”, respectively.

Share Retirement

In  December  2016  the  Company  retired  all  outstanding  treasury  shares  obtained  as  part  of  the  merger  of  GWRC  into  the 

Company.

Sonoran Acquisition Liability 

On  March  17,  2016,  the  Company  entered  into  an  agreement  with  Sonoran  Utility  Services,  LLC  (“Sonoran”)  to  amend 
certain provisions of the purchase and sale agreement related to the acquisition of Sonoran’s assets on June 15, 2005. The amended 
agreement allowed the Company to reduce its $3.8 million acquisition liability due to Sonoran by approximately $1.0 million to $2.8 
million, if the Company settled the amount due within ten days of the closing of the Note Purchase Agreement. The Note Purchase 
Agreement closed on June 24, 2016 and the Sonoran liability was subsequently settled in June 2016. Upon settlement of the Sonoran 
acquisition liability, the Company recorded a gain of $954,000 in other income for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Private Letter Ruling 

On  June  2,  2016,  the  Company  received  a  Private  Letter  Ruling  from  the  Internal  Revenue  Service  that,  for  purposes  of 
deferring the approximately $19.4 million gain realized from the condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia, determined 
that the assets converted upon the condemnation of such assets could be replaced through certain reclamation facility improvements 
contemplated by the Company under Internal Revenue Code §1033 as property similar or related in service or use. In June 2016, the 
Company converted all operating subsidiaries from corporations to limited liability companies to take full advantage of the benefits of 
such ruling.

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Pursuant to Internal  Revenue  Code §1033, the Company may defer the gain on condemnation  through the end of the year 
2017. As such, the Company has identified certain currently planned investments within our capital improvement plan, which we plan 
to accelerate. As a result, we expect capital expenditures to increase in 2016 and 2017 as compared to recent years, with corresponding 
reductions  to  occur  in  2018,  2019,  and  beyond.   In  addition  to  the  utilization  of  capital  improvements  to  defer  the  gain  on  the 
condemnation  of  the  operations  and  assets  of  Valencia,  the  Company  may  also  acquire  other  like-kind  property  such  as  water  and 
wastewater utilities under Internal Revenue Code §1033 to similarly defer the gain.  The acquisition of like-kind property is allowable 
for the three years subsequent to the year in which the gain was realized, with the ability to apply to the IRS for one-year extensions.

Significant Accounting Policies 

Regulation

Our regulated utilities and certain other balances are subject to regulation by the ACC and are therefore subject to Accounting 
Standards  Codification  Topic 980,  Regulated  Operations  (“ASC  Topic 980”)  (See  Note  2  –  “Regulatory  Decision  and  Related 
Accounting and Policy Changes”). 

Property, plant, and equipment

Property, plant, and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation provided on a straight-line basis (See Note 3 – 

“Property, Plant, and Equipment”). 

Depreciation  rates  for  asset  classes  of  utility  property,  plant,  and  equipment  are  established  by  the  ACC.  The  cost  of 
additions, including betterments and replacements of units of utility fixed assets are charged to utility property, plant, and equipment. 
When  units  of  utility  property  are  replaced,  renewed,  or  retired,  their  cost  plus  removal  or  disposal  costs,  less  salvage  proceeds,  is 
charged to accumulated depreciation. 

For  non-utility  property,  plant,  and  equipment,  depreciation  is  calculated  by  the  straight-line  method  over  the  estimated 
useful lives of depreciable assets. Cost and accumulated depreciation for non-utility property, plant, and equipment retired or disposed 
of are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in earnings. 

In addition to third party costs, direct personnel costs and indirect construction overhead costs may be capitalized. Interest 
incurred during the construction period is also capitalized as a component of the cost of the constructed assets, which represents the 
cost of debt associated with construction activity. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense. 

Revenue Recognition—Water Services

Water services revenues are recorded when service is rendered or water is delivered to customers. However, in addition to the 
monthly  basic  service  charge,  the  determination  and  billing  of  water  sales  to  individual  customers  is  based  on  the  reading  of  their 
meters, which occurs on a systematic basis throughout the month. At the end of each reporting period, amounts of water delivered to 
customers  since  the  date  of  the  last  meter  reading  are  estimated  and  the  corresponding  unbilled  revenue  is  recorded  as  accrued 
revenue. 

Water connection fees are the fees associated with the application process to set up a customer to receive utility service on an 
existing water meter. These fees are approved by the ACC through the regulatory process and are set based on the costs incurred to 
establish  services  including  the  application  process,  billing  setup,  initial  meter  reading,  and  service  transfer.  Because  the  amounts 
charged for water connection fees are set by our regulator and not negotiated in conjunction with the pricing of ongoing water service, 
the connection fees represent the culmination of a separate earnings process and are recognized when the service is provided. For the 
years  ended  December 31,  2016,  December  31,  2015,  and  December 31,  2014,  the  Company  recognized  $236,000,  $276,000,  and 
$366,000 in connection fees, respectively. 

Meter installation fees are the fees charged to developers or builders associated with installing new water meters. Certain fees 
for meters are regulated by the ACC, and are refundable to the end customer over a period of time. Refundable meter installation fees 
are recorded as a liability upon receipt. Other certain meter fees are negotiated directly with developers or builders and are not subject 
to  ACC  regulation  and  represent  the  culmination  of  a  separate  earnings  process. These  fees  are  recognized  as  revenue  when  the 
service is rendered, or when a water meter is installed. 

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Revenue Recognition—Wastewater and Recycled Water Services

Wastewater  service  revenues  are  generally  recognized  when  service  is  rendered.  Wastewater  services  are  billed  at  a  fixed 

monthly amount per connection, and recycled water services are billed monthly based on volumetric fees. 

Revenue Recognition—Unregulated Revenues

Unregulated  Revenues  represent  those  revenues  that  are  not  subject  to  the  ratemaking  process  of  the  ACC. Unregulated 
revenues  are  limited  to  rental  revenue  and  imputed  revenues  resulting  from  certain  infrastructure  coordination  and  financing 
agreement arrangements. 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Provisions  are  made  for  doubtful  accounts  due  to  the  inherent  uncertainty  around  the  collectability  of  accounts  receivable. 
The  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  is  recorded  as  bad  debt  expense,  and  is  classified  as  general  and  administrative  expense.  The 
allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  is  determined  considering  the  age  of  the  receivable  balance,  type  of  customer  (e.g., residential  or 
commercial),  payment  history,  as  well  as  specific  identification  of  any  known  or  expected  collectability  issues  (see  Note  4 – 
“Accounts Receivable”). 

Infrastructure coordination and financing fees

Infrastructure coordination and financing agreements (“ICFAs”) are agreements with developers and homebuilders whereby 
GWRI, which owns the operating utilities, provides services to plan, coordinate, and finance the water and wastewater infrastructure 
that would otherwise be required to be performed or subcontracted by the developer or homebuilder. Services provided within these 
agreements include coordination of construction services for water and wastewater treatment facilities as well as financing, arranging, 
and coordinating the provision of utility services.

ICFA revenue is recognized when the following conditions are met: 









the fee is fixed and determinable;

the cash received is nonrefundable;

capacity currently exists to serve the specific lots; and 

there are no additional significant performance obligations.

As these arrangements are with developers and not with the end water or wastewater customer, revenue recognition coincides 
with the completion of our performance obligations under the agreement with the developer and our ability to provide fitted capacity 
for water and wastewater service. Payments received under the agreements are recorded as deferred revenue until the point at which 
all of the conditions described above are met. Historically ICFAs have been accounted for as revenue pursuant to the obligations being 
met as outlined above, or as contributions in aid of construction (“CIAC”) when funds were received. Pursuant to Rate Decision No. 
74364,  as  funding  is  received  70%  of  ICFAs  are  now  recorded  as  a  hook-up  fee  (“HUF”)  liability  until  the  HUF  liability  is  fully 
funded,  with  the  remaining  amount  recorded  as  revenue  once  all  components  of  revenue  recognition  are  met  (See  Note  2 – 
“Regulatory Decision and Related Accounting and Policy Changes”). 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments in debt instruments with an original maturity of three months 

or less. 

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Restricted Cash

Restricted  cash  represents  cash  deposited  as  a  debt  service  reserve  for  certain  loans  and  bonds.  The  following  table 

summarizes the restricted cash balance as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands): 

Bond reserve
HUF funds
Certificate of deposits

Income Taxes

December 31, 
2016

December 31, 
2015

  $

  $

—    $
10     
218     
228    $

8,824 
38 
180 
9,042  

The Company utilizes  the asset and liability method of accounting  for income taxes. Under the asset and liability  method, 
deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognized  for  the  future  tax  consequences  attributable  to  differences  between  the  financial 
statement  carrying  amounts  of  existing  assets  and  liabilities  and  their  respective  tax  bases.  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are 
measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected 
to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more 
likely  than  not  that  some  portion  or  all  of  the  deferred  tax  assets  will  not  be  realized.  The  Company’s  valuation  allowance  totaled 
$8,500 as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (see Note 10 – “Income Taxes”). 

We evaluate uncertain tax positions using a two-step approach. Recognition (step one) occurs when we conclude that a tax 
position,  based  solely  on  its  technical  merits,  is  more-likely-than-not  to  be  sustained  upon  examination.  Measurement  (step  two) 
determines the amount of benefit that more-likely-than-not will be realized upon settlement. Derecognition of a tax position that was 
previously  recognized  would  occur  when  we  subsequently  determine  that  a  tax  position  no  longer  meets  the  more-likely-than-not 
threshold of being sustained. The use of a valuation allowance as a substitute for derecognition of tax positions is prohibited, and to 
the extent that uncertain tax positions exist, we provide expanded disclosures. 

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share

As  of  December  31,  2016,  the  Company  had  368,395  options  outstanding  to  acquire  an  equivalent  number  of  shares  of 
GWRI common stock. As of December 31, 2016, all options were in the money, and had common share equivalents of 19,467, which 
were not included within the calculation of diluted earnings per share as to do so would be antidilutive in periods of net loss. As of 
December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had 43,395 options outstanding, which options were out of the money in 
each  respective  period,  and  therefore  the  Company  did  not  have  any  common  share  equivalents  to  be  considered  for  purposes  of 
calculating earnings per share. See Note 11 – “Deferred Compensation Awards”. The changes in weighted average common shares for 
the year ended December 31, 2015 relate to a share repurchase program initiated in May 2015 and completed in December 2015.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets not subject to amortization consist of certain permits expected to be renewable indefinitely, water rights and 
certain service areas acquired in transactions which did not meet the definition of business combinations for accounting purposes, and 
are considered to have indefinite lives. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized but are tested for impairment annually, 
or  more  often  if  certain  circumstances  indicate  a  possible  impairment  may  exist.  Amortized  intangible  assets  consist  primarily  of 
acquired ICFA contract rights. 

Pursuant to Rate Decision No. 71878 issued by the ACC on September 15, 2010 for the February 2009 filed rate cases for 
Santa  Cruz,  Palo  Verde,  Valencia,  Greater  Buckeye,  Greater  Tonopah,  and  Willow  Valley  (the  “2010  Regulatory  Rate  Decision”), 
ICFA funds received were accounted for as CIAC. The Company established a regulatory liability against the Company’s intangible 
assets balance to offset the value of the intangible assets related to the expected receipt of ICFA fees in the future. As of January 1, 
2014  the  Company  had  a  regulatory  liability  balance  of  $11.4  million.  However,  in  2014,  in  conjunction  with  Rate  Decision  No. 
74364,  the  ACC  determined  that  ICFA  funds  were  no  longer  to  be  recorded  as  CIAC,  but  rather  70%  of  funds  received  should  be 
recorded as HUF until the HUF liability is fully funded, with the remaining amount to be deferred and recognized according to the 
Company’s  ICFA  revenue  recognition  policy  (see  ‘Note 2  –  Regulatory  Decision  and  Related  Accounting  and  Policy 
Changes”). Accordingly, in 2014 30%, or $3.4 million, of the regulatory liability was reversed in connection with the recognition of 
the rate decision. 

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Debt Issuance Costs

In connection with the issuance of some of our long-term debt, we have incurred legal and other costs that we believe are 
directly attributable to realizing the proceeds of the debt issued. These costs are netted against long-term debt and amortized as interest 
expense using the effective interest method over the term of the respective debt. Amortization  of debt issuance costs and discounts 
totaled  $2.6  million  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016,  of  which  $2.2  million  was  for  the  write  off  of  debt  issuance  costs  and 
$428,000 was for the amortization for the year ended December 31, 2016. Amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts totaled 
$486,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015, of which $282,000 was for the write off of debt issuance costs related to the MidFirst 
loan which was retired in July 2015, and $204,000 was for the amortization for the year ended December 31, 2015. Amortization of 
debt issuance costs and discounts totaled $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, of which $696,000 was for the write off 
of  debt  issuance  costs  and  $327,000  was  for  the  amortization  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2014. The  2014  write  off  of  debt 
issuance costs was related to the Series 2012A and 2012B bonds and the Regions Term loan, which were retired in 2014. 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Management evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances 
indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. If an indicator of possible impairment exists, an undiscounted 
cash  flow  analysis  would  be  prepared  to  determine  whether  there  is  an  actual  impairment. Measurement  of  the  impairment  loss  is 
based  on  the  fair  value  of  the  asset.  Generally,  fair  value  will  be  determined  using  appraisals  or  valuation  techniques  such  as  the 
present value of expected future cash flows. 

Advances and Contributions in Aid of Construction

The Company has various agreements with developers and builders, whereby funds, water line extensions, or wastewater line 
extensions  are provided to us by the developers  and are considered  refundable  advances  for construction. These advances  in aid of 
construction  (“AIAC”)  are  non-interest-bearing  and  are  subject  to  refund  to  the  developers  through  annual  payments  that  are 
computed as a percentage of the total annual gross revenue earned from customers connected to utility services constructed under the 
agreement  over  a  specified  period.  Upon  the  expiration  of  the  agreements’  refunding  period,  the  remaining  balance  of  the  advance 
becomes  nonrefundable  and  at  that  time  is  considered  CIAC.  CIAC  are  amortized  as  a  reduction  of  depreciation  expense  over  the 
estimated remaining life of the related utility plant. For rate-making purposes, utility plant funded by advances or contributions in aid 
of  construction  are  excluded  from  rate  base.  AIAC  balances  of  $311,000  and  zero  were  transferred  to  CIAC  for  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying values of cash equivalents, trade receivables, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term 
maturities of these instruments. See Note 9 – “Debt” for information as to the fair value of our long-term debt. Our refundable AIAC 
have a carrying value of $62.0 million and $61.5 million as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Portions of 
these  non-interest-bearing  instruments  are  payable  annually  through  2032  and  amounts  not  paid  by  the  contract  expiration  dates 
become nonrefundable. Their relative fair values cannot be accurately estimated because future refund payments depend on several 
variables,  including  new  customer  connections,  customer  consumption  levels,  and  future  rate  increases.  However,  the  fair  value  of 
these amounts would be less than their carrying value due to the non-interest-bearing feature. 

Asset Retirement Obligations

Liabilities for asset retirement obligations are typically recorded at fair value in the period in which they are incurred. When 
the liability is initially recorded, the entity capitalizes a cost by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. Over 
time, the liability is accreted to its present value each period, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the related 
asset.  Upon  settlement  of  the  liability,  an  entity  either  settles  the  obligation  for  its  recorded  amount  or  incurs  a  gain  or  loss  upon 
settlement. Our legal obligations for retirement reflect principally the retirement of wastewater treatment facilities, which are required 
to be closed in accordance with the Clean Closure Requirements of the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ). The 
Clean  Closure  Requirements  of  ADEQ  for  wastewater  facilities  are  driven  by  a  need  to  protect  the  environment  from  inadvertent 
contamination  associated  with  the  decommissioning  of  these  systems.  As  such,  our  regulated  subsidiaries  incur  asset  retirement 
obligations. As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company held $218,000 and $180,000 in certificates of deposit, 
respectively, or letters of credit to benefit ADEQ for such anticipated closure costs. Water systems, unlike wastewater systems, do not 
require Aquifer Protection Permits or the associated Clean Closure Requirement obligation. 

Amounts  recorded  for  asset  retirement  obligations  are  subject  to  various  assumptions  and  determinations,  such  as 
determining whether a legal obligation exists to remove assets; estimating the fair value of the costs of removal; estimating when final 
removal will occur; and determining the credit-adjusted, risk-free interest rates to be utilized on discounting future liabilities. Changes 

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that may arise over time with regard to these assumptions will change amounts recorded in the future. Estimating the fair value of the 
costs of removal were determined based on third-party costs. 

Segments

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is 
evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing operating 
performance. In consideration of ASC 280—Segment Reporting the Company notes it is not organized around specific products and 
services, geographic regions or regulatory environments. The Company currently operates in one geographic region within the State of 
Arizona, wherein each operating utility operates within the same regulatory environment. 

While  the  Company  reports  its  revenue,  disaggregated  by  service  type,  on  the  face  of  its  Statements  of  Operations,  the 
Company does not manage the business based on any performance measure at the individual revenue stream level. The Company does 
not have any customers that contribute more than 10% to the Company’s revenues or revenue streams. Additionally we note that the 
CODM  uses  consolidated  financial  information  to  evaluate  the  Company’s  performance,  which  is  the  same  basis  on  which  he 
communicates  the  Company’s  results  and  performance  to  the  Board  of  Directors.  It  is  upon  this  consolidated  basis  from  which  he 
bases all significant decisions regarding the allocation of the Company’s resources on a consolidated level. Based on the information 
described above and in accordance with the applicable literature, management has concluded that the Company is currently organized 
and operated as one operating and reportable segment.

Change in Accounting Principle 

The  Company  historically  accounted  for  stock  appreciation  rights  (“SARs”)  as  liability  compensatory  awards  under  ASC 
710,  Compensation  –  General,  valued  using  the  intrinsic  value  method,  as  permitted  by  ASC  718,  Compensation  –  Stock 
Compensation (“ASC 718”), for nonpublic entities. Upon becoming a public company, as defined in ASC 718, in the first quarter of 
2016, the Company was required to change its methodology for valuing the SARs. While the SARs will continue to be remeasured at 
each quarterly reporting date, the SARs are required to be accounted for prospectively at fair value using a fair value pricing model, 
such as Black-Scholes. The Company recorded the impact of the change in valuation methods as a cumulative effect of a change in 
accounting principle, as permitted by ASC 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections. The effect of the change increased the 
SAR liability by $103,000 which was the difference in compensation cost measured using the intrinsic value method and the fair value 
method.  An  offsetting  change  to  accumulated  deficit  in  the  consolidated  balance  sheet  was  recorded  with  the  revaluation,  net  of 
$38,000  in  taxes.  Any  future  changes  in  fair  value  will  be  recorded  as  compensation  expense  in  the  consolidated  statement  of 
operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In  May  2014,  the  FASB  issued  Accounting  Standard  Update  (“ASU”)  2014-09,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers 
(“ASU 2014-09”), which completes the joint effort between the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board to converge the 
recognition of revenue between the two boards. The new standard affects any entity using U.S. GAAP that either enters into contracts 
with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets not included within other 
FASB standards. The guiding principal of the new standard is that an entity should recognize revenue in an amount that reflects the 
consideration  to which an entity expects  to be entitled for the  delivery  of goods and services.  ASU 2014-09 may  be adopted using 
either of two acceptable  methods: (i) retrospective adoption to each prior period presented with the option to elect  certain  practical 
expedients; or (ii) adoption with the cumulative effect recognized at the date of initial application and providing certain disclosures. 
To  assess  at  which  time  revenue  should  be  recognized,  an  entity  should  use  the  following  steps:  (i)  identify  the  contract(s)  with  a 
customer;  (ii)  identify  the  performance  obligations  in  the  contract;  (iii)  determine  the  transaction  price;  (iv)  allocate  the  transaction 
price  to  the  performance  obligations  in  the  contract;  and  (v)  recognize  revenue  when,  or  as,  the  entity  satisfies  a  performance 
obligation.  For public business entities,  ASU 2014-09 is effective  for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, 
including interim periods within the reporting period. For private companies, ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods 
beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Earlier application is allowed in 
certain circumstances. The Company does not believe this update will have an effect on the Company’s regulated revenue. However, 
the Company is evaluating the effect of the new standard on the accounting for CIAC, which may change if CIAC is determined to be 
revenue from customers.  

In  May  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-12,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  (Topic  606):  Narrow-Scope 
Improvements and Practical Expedients (“ASU 2016-12”), to address narrow-scope improvements to the guidance on collectability, 
noncash  consideration,  and  completed  contracts  at  transition.  The  amendment  also  provides  a  practical  expedient  for  contract 
modifications at transition and an accounting policy election related to the presentation of sales taxes and other similar taxes collected 
from customers and are expected to reduce the judgment necessary to comply with Topic 606. For public business entities, ASU 2016-
12 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within the reporting period. 
For  private  companies,  ASU  2016-12  is  effective  for  annual  reporting  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2018  and  interim 

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reporting  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2019.  Earlier  application  is  allowed  in  certain  circumstances.  The  Company  is 
currently assessing the impact that this guidance may have on its consolidated financial statements, but does not believe it will have a 
material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In  April  2015,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2015-03,  Interest—Imputation  of  Interest:  Simplifying  the  Presentation  of  Debt 
Issuance Costs (“ASU 2015-03”), which requires debt issuance costs be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the 
carrying  amount  of  the  associated  debt  liability,  consistent  with  the  accounting  of  debt  discounts.  The  Company’s  adoption  of  this 
guidance on January 1, 2016 resulted in the reclassification of the unamortized debt issuance costs of $737,000 and $2.2 million from 
debt issuance costs to a reduction in long-term debt as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.

In  February  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-02,  Leases  (Topic  842)  (“ASU  2016-02”).  ASU  2016-02  requires  lessees 
record a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease obligation for lease arrangements with a term of greater than twelve months. ASU 
2016-02 requires additional disclosures about leasing arrangements and requires the use of the modified retrospective method, which 
will require adjustment to all comparative periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. This guidance will be effective 
for public companies for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018, with 
early adoption permitted. For all other entities, the guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2019, and 
interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company does not expect this update to have a material 
impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In  March  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-09,  Compensation  –  Stock  Compensation  (Topic  718)  Improvements  to 
Employee  Share-Based  Payment  Accounting  (“ASU  2016-09”).  ASU  2016-09  identifies  areas  for  simplification  involving  several 
aspects of accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either 
equity or liabilities, an option to recognize gross stock compensation expense with actual forfeitures recognized as they occur, as well 
as certain classifications on the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning 
after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. For all other entities, the guidance is effective for annual 
periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2017,  and  interim  periods  within  annual  periods  beginning  after  December 15, 2018.  Early 
adoption  is  permitted.  The  Company  is  currently  assessing  the  impact  that  adopting  this  new  accounting  standard  will  have  on  its 
consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In  April  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-10,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  (Topic  606):  Identifying 
Performance  Obligations  and  Licensing  (“ASU  2016-10”),  to  clarify  two  aspects  of  Topic  606:  (i)  identifying  performance 
obligations;  and  (ii)  the  licensing  implementation  guidance.  The  amendments  do  not  change  the  core  principle  of  the  guidance  in 
Topic 606. For public business entities, ASU 2016-10 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, 
including interim periods within the reporting period. For private companies, ASU 2016-10 is effective for annual reporting periods 
beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Earlier application is allowed in 
certain  circumstances.  The  Company  is  currently  assessing  the  impact  that  this  guidance  may  have  on  its  consolidated  financial 
statements, but does not believe it will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In  August  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-15,  Statement  of  Cash  Flows  (Topic  230):  Classification  of  Certain  Cash 
Receipts  and  Cash  Payments  (“ASU  2016-15”).  ASU  2016-15  clarifies  and  provides  specific  guidance  on  eight  cash  flow 
classification issues that are not currently addressed by current GAAP and thereby reduce the current diversity practice. This guidance 
is  effective  for  public  companies  for  annual  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2017  and  interim  periods  within  those  annual 
periods.  For  all  other  entities,  the  guidance  is  effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2018,  and  interim  periods 
within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact 
that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In  October  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-16,  Income  Taxes  (Topic  740)  Intra-Entity  Transfers  of  Assets  Other  Than 
Inventory (“ASU 2016-16). ASU 2016-16 instructs entities to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an 
asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs and (compared to current GAAP which prohibits the recognition of current and 
deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until the asset has been sold to an outside party). The guidance is effective for 
public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those annual periods. For all other 
entities,  the  guidance  is  effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2018  and  interim  periods  within  annual  periods 
beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance is required to be applied on a modified retrospective 
basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company 
is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-17, Consolidated (Topic 810): Interests Held through Related Parties That Are 
under Common Control (“ASU 2016-17”). ASU 2016-17 amends how an entity that is a single decision-maker of a variable-interest 
entity (“VIE”) treats certain indirect interests in the VIE when determining whether the entity is the primary beneficiary of that VIE. 
Under the amended guidance, an entity is no longer required to consider indirect interests held through related parties that are under 

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common control with the entity as the equivalent  of direct interests  in their entirety, but should instead include these interests  on a 
proportionate  basis,  consistent  with  indirect  interests  held  through  other  related  parties.  This  guidance  is  effective  for  public 
companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those annual periods. For all other 
entities, the amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and for interim periods in annual periods 
beginning  after  December  15,  2017.  Early  adoption  is  permitted.  The  Company  is  currently  assessing  the  impact  that  adopting  this 
new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.  

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of 
the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) (“ASU2016-18”). ASU 2016-18 requires amounts generally described as restricted cash and 
restricted cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the total beginning and ending amounts for 
the periods shown on the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after 
December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. For all other entities, the guidance is effective for annual periods 
beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is 
permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The guidance should be applied using a retrospective transition method for each 
period  presented.  The  Company  is  currently  assessing  the  impact  that  adopting  this  new  accounting  standard  will  have  on  its 
consolidated financial statements. 

In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from 
Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2016-20”). The ASU 2016-20 amendments allow entities not to make quantitative disclosures about 
remaining  performance  obligations  in  certain  cases  and  require  entities  that  use  any  of  the  new  or  previously  existing  optional 
exemptions to expand their qualitative disclosures. The amendment also clarifies narrow aspects of ASC 606 or corrects unintended 
application of the guidance. The effective date and transition requirements for ASU 2016-20 are the same as the effective date and 
transition requirements for ASU 2014-09. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard 
will have on its consolidated financial statements. 

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business 
(“ASU  2017-01”).  ASU  2017-01  provides  a  more  robust  framework  to  use  in  determining  when  a  set  of  assets  and  activities  is  a 
business. Also the amendments provide more consistency in applying the guidance, reducing the costs of application, and make the 
definition of a business more operable. The guidance is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 
15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. For all other entities, the guidance is effective for annual periods beginning 
after  December  15,  2018,  and  interim  periods  with  annual  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2019.  The  Company  is  currently 
assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

2.

REGULATORY DECISION AND RELATED ACCOUNTING AND POLICY CHANGES

Our  regulated  utilities  and  certain  other  balances  are  subject  to  regulation  by  the  ACC  and  meet  the  requirements  for 

regulatory accounting found within ASC Topic 980, Regulated Operations.

In accordance with ASC Topic 980, rates charged to utility customers are intended to recover the costs of the provision of 
service  plus  a  reasonable  return  in  the  same  period.  Changes  to  the  rates  are  made  through  formal  rate  applications  with  the  ACC, 
which we have done for all of our operating utilities and which are described below.

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On  July  9,  2012,  we  filed  formal  rate  applications  with  the  ACC  to  adjust  the  revenue  requirements  for  seven  utilities 
representing a collective rate increase of approximately 28% over 2011 revenue levels. In August 2013, the Company entered into a 
settlement  agreement with ACC Staff, the Residential  Utility Consumers Office, the City of Maricopa, and other parties to the rate 
case.  The  settlement  required  approval  by  the  ACC’s  Commissioners  before  it  could  take  effect.  In  February  2014,  the  rate  case 
proceedings  were  completed  and  the  ACC  issued  Rate  Decision  No.  74364,  effectively  approving  the  settlement  agreement.  The 
rulings of the decision include, but are not limited to, the following:



For the Company’s utilities, adjusting for the condemnation of the operations and assets of Valencia and sale of Willow 
Valley, a collective revenue requirement increase of $3.6 million based on 2011 test year service connections, phased-in 
over time, with the first increase in January 2015 as follows (in thousands):

2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021

  $

Incremental

    Cumulative

1,083   $
887    
335    
335    
335    
335    
335    

1,083 
1,970 
2,305 
2,640 
2,975 
3,310 
3,645  

Whereas this phase-in of additional revenues was determined using a 2011 test year, to the extent that the number of active 
service connections increases from 2011 levels, the additional revenues may be greater than the amounts set forth above. On the other 
hand,  if  active  connections  decrease  or  we  experience  declining  usage  per  customer,  we  may  not  realize  all  of  the  anticipated 
revenues.









Full reversal of the imputation of CIAC balances associated with funds previously received under ICFAs, as required in 
the Company’s last rate case. The reversal restored rate base or future rate base and had a significant impact of restoring 
shareholder equity on the balance sheet.

The Company has agreed to not enter into any new ICFAs. Existing ICFAs will remain in place, but a portion of future 
payments  to  be  received  under  the  ICFAs  will  be  considered  as  hook-up  fees,  which  are  accounted  for  as  CIAC  once 
expended on plant.

A 9.5% return on common equity was adopted.

None  of  the  Company’s  utilities  will  file  another  rate  application  before  May  31,  2016.  GWRI’s  subsidiaries,  Global 
Water - Santa Cruz Water Company (“Santa Cruz”) and Global Water - Palo Verde Utilities Company (“Palo Verde”), 
may not file for another rate increase before May 31, 2017.

The following provides additional discussion on accounting and policy changes resulting from Rate Decision No. 74364.

Infrastructure Coordination and Financing Agreements  

ICFAs  are  agreements  with  developers  and  homebuilders  whereby  GWRI,  the  indirect  parent  of  the  operating  utilities, 
provides  services  to  plan,  coordinate,  and  finance  the  water  and  wastewater  infrastructure  that  would  otherwise  be  required  to  be 
performed or subcontracted by the developer or homebuilder.

Under  the  ICFAs,  GWRI  has  a  contractual  obligation  to  ensure  physical  capacity  exists  through  its  regulated  utilities  for 
water  and  wastewater  to  the  landowner/developer  when  needed.  This  obligation  persists  regardless  of  connection  growth.  Fees  for 
these  services  are  typically  a  negotiated  amount  per  equivalent  dwelling  unit  for  the  specified  development  or  portion  of  land. 
Payments  are  generally  due  in  installments,  with  a  portion  due  upon  signing  of  the  agreement,  a  portion  due  upon  completion  of 
certain milestones, and the final payment due upon final plat approval or sale of the subdivision. The payments are non-refundable. 
The agreements are generally recorded against the land and must be assumed in the event of a sale or transfer of the land. The regional 
planning and coordination of the infrastructure in the various service areas has been an important part of GWRI’s business model.

Prior to January 1, 2010, GWRI accounted for funds received under ICFAs as revenue once the obligations specified in the 
ICFA were met. As these arrangements are with developers and not with the end water or wastewater customer, the timing of revenue 
recognition  coincided  with  the  completion  of  GWRI’s  performance  obligations  under  the  agreement  with  the  developer  and  with 
GWRI’s ability to provide fitted capacity for water and wastewater service through its regulated subsidiaries.

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The  2010  Regulatory  Rate  Decision  No.  71878  established  new  rates  for  the  recovery  of  reasonable  costs  incurred  by  the 
utilities  and a return on invested  capital. In determining the new annual  revenue  requirement,  the ACC  imputed  a reduction to rate 
base for all amounts related to ICFA funds collected by the Company that the ACC deemed to be CIAC for rate making purposes. As 
a  result  of  the  decision  by  the  ACC,  GWRI  changed  its  accounting  policy  for  the  accounting  of  ICFA  funds.  Effective  January  1, 
2010,  GWRI  recorded  ICFA  funds  received  as  CIAC.  Thereafter,  the  ICFA-related  CIAC  was  amortized  as  a  reduction  of 
depreciation expense over the estimated depreciable life of the utility plant at the related utilities. 

With  the  issuance  of  Rate  Decision  No.  74364,  in  February  2014,  the  ACC  again  changed  how  ICFA  funds  would  be 
characterized and accounted for going forward. Most notably, the ACC changed the rate treatment of ICFA funds, and ICFA funds 
already  received  would  no  longer  be  deemed  CIAC  for  rate  making  purposes.  In  conjunction  with  Rate  Decision  No.  74364,  we 
eliminated the CIAC liability and reversed the associated regulatory liability brought about by the 2010 ruling. ICFA funds already 
received  or  which  had  become  due  prior  to  the  date  of  Rate  Decision  No.  74364  were  accounted  for  in  accordance  with  the 
Company’s ICFA revenue recognition policy that had been in place prior to the 2010 Regulatory Rate Decision, wherein the funds 
received are recognized as revenue once the obligations specified in the ICFA were met. Rate Decision No. 74364 prescribes that of 
the  ICFA  funds  which  come  due  and  are  paid  subsequent  to  December  31,  2013,  70%  of  the  ICFA  funds  will  be  recorded  in  the 
associated utility subsidiary as a hook-up fee (“HUF”) liability, with the remaining 30% to be recorded as deferred revenue, which the 
Company accounts for in accordance with the Company's ICFA revenue recognition policy. A HUF tariff, specifying the dollar value 
of a HUF for each utility, was approved by the ACC as part of Rate Decision No. 74364. The Company is responsible for assuring the 
full HUF value is paid from ICFA proceeds, and recorded in its full amount, even if it results in recording less than 30% of the ICFA 
fee as deferred revenue.

The Company will account for the portion allocated to the HUF as a CIAC contribution. However, in accordance with the 
ACC  directives  the  CIAC  is  not  deducted  from  rate  base  until  the  HUF  funds  are  expended  for  utility  plant.  Such  funds  will  be 
segregated in a separate bank account and used for plant. A HUF liability will be established and will be amortized as a reduction of 
depreciation  expense  over  the  useful  life  of  the  related  plant  once  the  HUF  funds  are  utilized  for  the  construction  of  plant.  For 
facilities required under a HUF or ICFA, the utilities must first use the HUF moneys received, after which, it may use debt or equity 
financing  for  the  remainder  of  construction.  The  Company  will  record  30%  of  funding  received,  up  until  the  HUF  liability  is  fully 
funded,  as  deferred  revenue,  which  is  to  be  recognized  as  revenue  once  the  obligations  specified  within  the  ICFA  are  met.  As  of 
December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, ICFA deferred revenue recorded on the consolidated balance sheet totaled $19.7 million, 
which  represents  deferred  revenue  recorded  for  ICFA  funds  received  on  contracts  that  had  become  due  prior  to  Rate  Decision  No. 
74364. For ICFA contracts coming due after December 31, 2013, as funding is received 30% will be added to this balance with the 
remaining 70% recorded to a HUF liability, until the HUF liability is fully funded, at which time any funding greater than the HUF 
liability will be recorded as deferred revenue.

Regulatory asset 

Under ASC Topic 980, rate regulated entities defer costs and credits on the balance sheet as regulatory assets and liabilities 
when it is probable that these costs and credits will be recognized in the rate making process in a period different from the period in 
which they would have been reflected in income by an unregulated company. Certain costs associated with our rate cases have been 
deferred  on  our  balance  sheet  as  regulatory  assets  as  approved  by  the  ACC.  At  December 31,  2016  and  December 31,  2015,  the 
Company had one regulatory asset in the amount of $110,000 and $227,000, respectively, related to costs incurred in connection with 
our most recent rate case. This amount began to amortize in January 2015, and will amortize over a three-year period. 

Intangible assets / Regulatory liability  

The Company previously recorded certain intangible assets related to ICFA contracts obtained in connection with our Santa 
Cruz, Palo Verde, and Sonoran acquisitions. The intangible assets represented the benefits to be received over time by virtue of having 
those contracts. Prior to January 1, 2010, the ICFA-related intangibles were amortized when ICFA funds were recognized as revenue. 
Effective  January  1,  2010,  in  connection  with  the  2010  Regulatory  Rate  Decision,  these  assets  became  fully  offset  by  a  regulatory 
liability of $11.2 million since the imputation of ICFA funds as CIAC effectively resulted in the Company not being able to benefit 
(through rates) from the acquired ICFA contracts.

Effective January 1, 2010, the gross ICFAs intangibles began to be amortized when cash was received in proportion to the 
amount of total cash expected to be received under the underlying agreements. However, such amortization expense was offset by a 
corresponding reduction of the regulatory liability in the same amount.

As  a  result  of  Rate  Decision  No.  74364,  the  Company  changed  its  policy  around  the  ICFA  related  intangible  assets.  As 
discussed above, pursuant to Rate Decision No. 74364, approximately 70% of ICFA funds to be received in the future will be recorded 
as a HUF, until the HUF is fully funded, at the Company’s applicable utility subsidiary. The remaining approximate 30% of future 
ICFA funds will be recorded at the parent company level and will be subject to the Company’s ICFA revenue recognition accounting 
policy. As the Company now expects to experience an economic benefit from the approximately 30% portion of future ICFA funds, 

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30% of the regulatory liability, or $3.4 million, was reversed in 2014. The remaining 70% of the regulatory liability, or $7.9 million, 
will  continue  to  be  recorded  on  the  balance  sheet.  At  December 31,  2016  and  December 31,  2015,  this  was  the  Company's  sole 
regulatory liability.

Subsequent to Rate Decision No. 74364, the intangible assets will continue to amortize when the corresponding ICFA funds 
are received in proportion to the amount of total cash expected to be received under the underlying agreements. The recognition of 
amortization expense will be partially offset by a corresponding reduction of the regulatory liability.

3.

PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant, and equipment at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consist of the following (in thousands):

Mains/lines/sewers
Plant
Equipment
Meters
Furniture, fixture and leasehold improvements
Computer and office equipment
Software
Land and land rights
Other
Construction work-in-process
Total property, plant and equipment
Less accumulated depreciation
Net property, plant and equipment

December 31, 
2016
115,790    $
67,744     
29,100     
4,637     
383     
1,056     
240     
764     
226     
53,426     
273,366     
(72,877)    
200,489    $

  $

  $

Average 
Depreciation 
Life (in years)
47
25
10
12
8
5
3

December 31, 
2015
113,318   
64,983   
27,961   
4,253   
386   
1,022   
177   
752     
148     
45,244     
258,244     
(64,092)    
194,152     

4.

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consist of the following (in thousands):

Billed receivables

Less allowance for doubtful accounts

Accounts receivable - net

  December 31, 2016  
  $

  December 31, 2015  
1,326 
(194)
1,132  

1,547    $
(76)  
1,471    $

  $

The  following  table  summarizes  the  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  activity  as  of  and  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2016, 
December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in thousands). 

Allowance for doubtful accounts:
Year Ended December 31, 2016
Year Ended December 31, 2015
Year Ended December 31, 2014

Balance at 
Beginning 
of Period    

Additions 
Charged to 
Expense

Charged to 
Other 

Accounts     Write-offs

Balance at 
End of 
Period

  $
  $
  $

(194) $
(158) $
(102) $

(52)  $
(36)  $
(92)  $

-   $
(12)  $
(21)  $

170    $
12    $
57    $

(76)
(194)
(158)

5.

EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENT AND CONVERTIBLE NOTE

On June 5, 2013, the Company sold Global Water Management, LLC (“GWM”) to an investor group led by a private equity 
firm that specializes in the water industry. GWM was a wholly-owned subsidiary of GWRI that owned and operated the FATHOM™ 
business. In connection with the sale of GWM, the Company made an investment in the FATHOM™ Partnership (“FATHOM™”). 
This limited partnership investment is accounted for under the equity method due to the investment being considered more than minor.

The original investment in FATHOM™ consisted of an investment of $750,000 in the Series A preferred units and $98,000 
of  common  units.  Additionally,  the  Company  invested  $750,000  in  a  10%  convertible  promissory  note  of  GWM  with  an  original 

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maturity  of  December 31,  2014.  We  accounted  for  this  investment  in  accordance  with  relevant  accounting  guidance  for  debt  and 
equity securities which requires the fair value measurement of the investment pursuant to ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. 
The fair value of the investment in the convertible notes at initial recognition was determined using the transaction price, of which the 
price paid by the Company was consistent with the price paid by third party investors for comparable convertible notes.

In  November  2014,  FATHOM™  experienced  a  qualified  financing  event  (qualified  financing  was  defined  as  an  equity 
financing  by  FATHOM™  in  which  FATHOM™  sells  its  units  for  at  least  $1.75  per  unit  and  the  aggregate  proceeds  from  such 
financing  was  at  least  $15  million,  exclusive  of  convertible  note  amounts  converted).  At  the  time  of  the  qualified  financing,  the 
convertible promissory note was converted into Series B Preferred Units, and accounted for under the equity method. The Company's 
resulting ownership of common and preferred units represented an approximate 8.0% ownership (on a fully diluted basis).

In conjunction with the qualified financing, our equity interest in the Series A and Series B preferred shares was adjusted in 
accordance  with  ASC  323,  Investment-Equity  Method  &  Joint  Ventures,  wherein  we  recorded  a  gain  of  $1.0  million  in  the  fourth 
quarter  of  2014.  The  adjustment  to  the  carrying  value  of  our  investments  was  calculated  using  our  proportionate  share  of 
FATHOM™'s  adjusted  net  equity.  The  gain  was  recorded  within  other  income  and  expense  in  our  consolidated  statement  of 
operations.  The  carrying  value  of  our  investment  consisted  of  a  balance  of  $480,000  as  of  December 31,  2016  and  $821,000  as  of 
December 31, 2015, and reflects our initial investment, the adjustment related to the qualified financing and our proportionate share of 
FATHOM™'s losses. The Company recorded equity method losses to other income of $340,000 and $330,000, for the years ended 
December  31,  2016  and  December  31,  2015,  respectively  and  recorded  equity  method  income  of  $144,000  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2014.

We evaluate our investment in FATHOM™ for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the 
carrying value of our investment may have experienced an “other-than-temporary” decline in value. Since the sale of GWM, the losses 
incurred on the investment were greater than anticipated; however, based upon our evaluation of various relevant factors, including the 
2014 equity event and the ability of FATHOM™ to achieve and sustain an earnings capacity that would justify the carrying amount of 
our investment, we do not believe the investment to be impaired as of December 31, 2016. 

We have evaluated whether GWM qualifies as a variable interest entity (“VIE”) pursuant to the accounting guidance of ASC 
810,  Consolidations.  Considering  the  potential  that  the  total  equity  investment  in  FATHOM™  Partnership/GWM  may  not  be 
sufficient to absorb the losses of FATHOM™, the Company currently views GWM as a VIE. However, considering the Company’s 
minority interest and limited involvement with the FATHOM™ business, the Company is not required to consolidate GWM. Rather, 
the Company has accounted for its investment under the equity method.

6.

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following (in thousands):

INDEFINITE LIVED INTANGIBLE 
ASSETS:
CP Water Certificate of Convenience & 
Necessity service area
Intangible trademark

AMORTIZED INTANGIBLE ASSETS:
Acquired ICFAs
Sonoran contract rights

Total intangible assets

Gross

  Amount

December 31, 2016
   Accumulated    
   Amortization    Amount

Net

    Gross
    Amount

December 31, 2015
   Accumulated    
   Amortization    Amount

Net

  $

1,532    $
13     
1,545     

—    $
—     
—     

1,532    $
13     
1,545     

1,532    $
13     
1,545     

—    $
—     
—     

1,532 
13 
1,545 

17,978     
7,406     
25,384     

(12,154)   
(2,003)   
(14,157)   

5,824     
5,403     
11,227     

17,978     
7,406     
25,384     

(12,154)   
(2,003)   
(14,157)   

5,824 
5,403 
11,227 

  $ 26,929    $ (14,157)  $ 12,772    $ 26,929    $ (14,157)  $ 12,772  

Acquired ICFAs and Sonoran contract rights are amortized when cash is received in proportion to the amount of total cash 
expected to be received under the underlying agreements. Due to the uncertainty of the timing of when cash will be received under 

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ICFA agreements and contract rights, we cannot reliably estimate when the remaining intangible assets' amortization will be recorded. 
No amortization was recorded for these balances for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014.

The carrying value of goodwill was zero as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. During the year ended December 
31,  2015,  the  remaining  $12.7  million  of  goodwill  associated  with  Valencia  was  written  off  as  a  result  of  the  condemnation  of 
Valencia. In addition, an impairment of $176,000 was recorded against the goodwill associated with Willow Valley during the year 
ended December 31, 2015.

7.

TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES

On January 19, 2016, GWRC announced that it agreed to pursue a reorganization transaction with the Company that resulted 
in GWRC merging with and into the Company (the “Reorganization Transaction”). GWRC was organized in 2010 to acquire shares of 
the Company, and held an approximate 47.8% interest in the Company prior to the merger. The Reorganization Transaction closed on 
May  3,  2016.  As  a  result  of  the  Reorganization  Transaction,  GWRC  ceased  to  exist  as  a  British  Columbia  corporation  and  the 
Company, governed by the corporate laws of the State of Delaware, is the surviving entity.

GWRC was not part of the consolidated Company prior to the completion of the Reorganization Transaction. GWRC had no 
employees.  GWRI  provided  for  the  ongoing  management  and  general  administration  of  GWRC’s  business  affairs  pursuant  to  a 
management agreement between GWRC and GWRI to provide such services. Accordingly, GWRC was economically dependent on 
the Company. Services provided by the Company under the management agreement were provided at no charge to GWRC, and were 
not  monetarily  significant.  However,  GWRC  incurred  certain  costs  not  covered  by  the  management  agreement.  These  included 
GWRC’s  accounting  fees,  legal  fees,  listing  fees,  and  other  costs  directly  associated  with  its  former  status  as  a  publicly  traded 
company. Whereas GWRC did not expect to generate cash flows from operating activities, the operating costs incurred by GWRC and 
other  cash  requirements  were  paid  by  the  Company.  Amounts  paid  by  the  Company  on  GWRC’s  behalf  during  the  years  ended 
December 31,  2016,  2015,  and  2014  totaled  $650,000,  $1.4  million,  and  $505,000,  respectively.  The  Company  accounted  for  such 
payments as equity distributions to GWRC. In conjunction with the merger of GWRC into GWRI, the Company recorded $731,000 in 
accounts payable and $353,000 in deferred compensation on the books of GWRI that were previously recorded at GWRC. In addition 
to these liabilities, the Company also recorded an approximate $1.4 million tax liability associated with the transfer of GWRC from 
Canada to the United States. A corresponding reduction in additional paid in capital was recorded with the merging of these liabilities 
into GWRI. As of December 31, 2016, $178,000 is the remaining outstanding tax liability associated with the transfer of GWRC from 
Canada to the United States.

For the year ended December 31, 2016, no cash advance was provided to GWRC. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the 
Company  provided  cash  advances  of  approximately  $12.7  million  to  satisfy  GWRC's  short  term  cash  obligations.  The  amount 
advanced  was  utilized  to  fund  GWRC's  monthly  dividend,  special  one-time  dividend  paid  in  August  2015,  and  other  cash 
requirements, as needed. The related party balance was reduced upon dividend declaration, when the amount declared is presented as a 
reduction in the Company’s equity. As of the closing of the Reorganization Transaction and December 31, 2015, the balance of the 
advance was zero.

We  provide  medical  benefits  to  our  employees  through  our  participation  in  a  pooled  plan  sponsored  by  an  affiliate  of  a 
shareholder and director of the Company. Medical claims paid to the plan were approximately $533,000, $493,000, and $532,000 for 
the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.

GWM has historically  provided billing, customer service, and other support services for the Company’s regulated utilities. 
Amounts collected by GWM from the Company’s customers that GWM has not yet remitted to the Company are included within the 
“Due from affiliates” caption on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the 
unremitted  balance  totaled  $333,000  and  $306,000,  respectively.  Notwithstanding  the  sale  of  GWM  on  June  5,  2013,  FATHOM™ 
continues to provide these services to the Company’s regulated utilities under a long-term service agreement. Based on current service 
connections, we estimate that fees to be paid to GWM for FATHOM™ services will be $6.24 per water account/month, which is an 
annual  rate  of  approximately  $1.4  million.  For  the  years  ended  December 31,  2016,  2015,  and  2014,  the  Company  incurred 
FATHOM™ service fees of approximately $1.9 million, $2.2 million, and $2.4 million, respectively.

Pursuant to the purchase agreement for the sale of GWM, the Company is entitled to quarterly royalty payments based on a 
percentage of certain of GWM’s recurring revenues for a 10-year period, up to a maximum of $15.0 million. In addition, the Company 
entered  into  a  services  agreement  with  GWM  whereby  the  Company  has  agreed  to  use  the  FATHOM™  platform  for  all  of  its 
regulated utility services for an initial term of 10 years. The services agreement was amended on November 17, 2016, which extended 
the term of the contract through December 31, 2026. As part of the amended agreement, the Company reduced the monthly rate per 
connection from $7.79 per water account/month to $6.24 per water account/month.  Additionally, the scope of services was expanded 
to  include  a  meter  replacement  program,  wherein  the  Company  intends  to  replace  a  majority  of  its  meter  infrastructure  within  the 
upcoming year.

-72-

The services agreement is automatically renewable for successive 10-year periods, unless notice of termination is given prior 
to any renewal period. The services agreement may be terminated by either party for default only and the termination of the services 
agreement  will  also  result  in  the  termination  of  the  royalty  payments  payable  to  the  Company.  The  Company  made  the  election  to 
record these quarterly royalty payments prospectively in income as the amounts are earned. Royalties recorded within other income 
totaled approximately $355,000, $326,000, and $272,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.

8.

ACCRUED EXPENSES

Accrued expenses at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consist of the following (in thousands):

Deferred compensation
Meter replacement - related party
Property taxes
Interest
Dividend payable
Tax obligation related to GWRC merger
Other accrued liabilities
Total accrued liabilities

9.

DEBT

  December 31, 2016     December 31, 2015  
598 
  $
— 
958 
877 
452 
— 
2,252 
5,137  

1,920    $
1,255   
910   
483   
458   
178   
2,398   
7,602    $

  $

The outstanding balances and maturity dates for short-term (including the current portion of long-term debt) and long-term 

debt as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are as follows (in thousands):

  $

BONDS AND NOTES PAYABLE -
4.380% Series A 2016, maturing June 2028
4.580% Series B 2016, maturing June 2036
5.450% Series 2006, maturing December 1, 2017
5.600% Series 2006, maturing December 1, 2022
5.750% Series 2006, maturing December 1, 2032
6.550% Series 2007, maturing December 1, 2037 - net of 
unamortized discount of $338
6.375% Series 2008, maturing December 1, 2018
7.500% Series 2008, maturing December 1, 2038

December 31, 2016

December 31, 2015

Short-term  

  Long-term  

  Short-term  

  Long-term  

—    $
—     
—     
—     
—     

—     
—     
—     
—     

28,750    $
86,250     
—     
—     
—     

—     
—     
—     
115,000     

—    $
—     
1,000     
—     
—     

700     
185     
—     
1,885     

— 
— 
1,040 
6,215 
23,370 

50,177 
435 
23,235 
104,472 

OTHER
Capital lease obligations
Debt issuance costs
Total debt

2016 Senior Secured Notes 

25     
—     
25    $

54     
(737)    
114,317    $

109     
—     
1,994    $

178 
(2,233)
102,417  

  $

On June 24, 2016, the Company closed the Note Purchase Agreement entered into on May 20, 2016, and issued two series of 
senior secured notes with an aggregate total principal balance of $115.0 million at a blended interest rate of 4.55%. Series A carries a 
principal balance of $28.8 million and bears an interest rate of 4.38% over a twelve year term, with the principal payment due on June 
15, 2028. Series B carries a principal balance of $86.3 million and bears an interest rate of 4.58% over a 20-year term. Series B is 
interest  only  for  the  first  five  years,  with  $1.9  million  principal  payments  paid  semiannually  thereafter.  The  proceeds  of  the  senior 
secured notes were primarily used to refinance the existing long-term tax exempt bonds, which were subject to an early redemption 
option at 103%, plus accrued interest, as a result of the U.S. IPO. As part of the refinancing of the long-term debt, the Company paid a 
prepayment penalty of $3.2 million and wrote off the remaining $2.2 million in capitalized loan fees related to the tax exempt bonds, 
which were recorded as additional interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2016. The senior secured notes are collateralized 
by a security interest in the Company’s equity interest in its subsidiaries, including all payments representing profits and qualifying 
distributions. 

-73-

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
       
       
       
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
     
       
       
       
 
   
   
The  senior  secured  notes  require  the  Company  maintain  a  debt  service  coverage  ratio  of  consolidated  EBITDA  to 
consolidated debt service of at least 1.10 to 1.00. Consolidated EBITDA is calculated as net income plus depreciation, taxes, interest 
and other non-cash charges net of non-cash income. Consolidated debt service is calculated as interest expense, principal payments, 
and  dividend  or  stock  repurchases.  The  senior  secured  notes  also  contain  a  provision  limiting  the  payment  of  dividends  if  the 
Company falls below a debt service ratio of 1.25. However, for the quarter ending June 30, 2021 through the quarter ending March 31, 
2024, the ratio drops to 1.20. As of December 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with its financial debt covenants.

Tax Exempt Bonds 

We  issued  tax-exempt  bonds  through  The  Industrial  Development  Authority  of  the  County  of  Pima  in  the  amount  of 
$36,495,000 on December 28, 2006; $53,624,000, net of a discount of $511,000, on November 19, 2007; and $24,550,000 on October 
1, 2008. Proceeds from these bonds were used for qualifying costs of constructing and equipping the water and wastewater treatment 
facilities of our subsidiaries, Palo Verde and Santa Cruz. The tax-exempt bonds were redeemed in June 2016 with proceeds from the 
2016 senior secured notes.

Debt Issuance Costs Reclassification 

In  April  2015,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2015-03,  which  requires  debt  issuance  costs  be  presented  in  the  balance  sheet  as  a 
direct  deduction  from  the  carrying  amount  of  the  associated  debt  liability,  consistent  with  the  accounting  of  debt  discounts.  The 
adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2016 resulted in the reclassification  of the unamortized  debt issuance costs of $2.2 million 
from debt issuance costs to a reduction in long-term debt as of December 31, 2015.

At  December 31,  2016,  the  remaining  aggregate  annual  maturities  of  our  debt  and  minimum  lease  payments  under  capital 

lease obligations for the years ended December 31 are as follows (in thousands):

2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Thereafter
Subtotal
Less: amount representing interest
Total

Debt

Capital Lease
Obligations

  $

  $

—    $
—   
—   
—   
1,917   
113,083   
115,000   
—   

115,000    $

25 
32 
25 
6 
— 
— 
88 
(9)
79  

At December 31, 2016, the carrying value of the non-current portion of long-term debt was $115.0 million, with an estimated 
fair  value  of  $108.4  million.  At  December 31,  2015,  the  carrying  value  of  the  non-current  portion  of  long-term  debt  was  $104.7 
million, with an estimated fair value of $116.7 million. The fair value of our debt was estimated based on interest rates considered 
available for instruments of similar terms and remaining maturities.

10.

INCOME TAXES

The Company utilizes  the asset and liability method of accounting  for income taxes. Under the asset and liability  method, 
deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognized  for  the  future  tax  consequences  attributable  to  differences  between  the  financial 
statement  carrying  amounts  of  existing  assets  and  liabilities  and  their  respective  tax  bases.  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are 
measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected 
to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more 
likely  than not that some portion or all of the deferred  tax assets will  not be realized.  As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 
2015, the Company did not have any uncertain tax positions.

-74-

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  income  tax  benefit  from  continuing  operations  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2016,  December  31,  2015,  and 

December 31, 2014 is comprised of the following (in thousands):

Current income tax expense
Deferred income tax expense
Income tax benefit

Current income tax benefit
Deferred income tax benefit
Income tax benefit

Current income tax benefit
Deferred income tax benefit
Income tax benefit

Federal

121    $
(1,470)   
(1,349)  $

2016
State

—    $
(140)  $
(140)  $

Federal

63    $
17,735     
17,798    $

2015
State

—    $
2,825    $
2,825    $

Total

121 
(1,610)
(1,489)

Total

63 
20,560 
20,623  

Federal

(10)  $
(15,472)   
(15,482)  $

2014
State

(1)  $
(1,512)   
(1,513)  $

Total

(11)
(16,984)
(16,995)

  $

  $

  $

  $

  $

  $

The income tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2016, December 31, 2015, and December 31, 2014 differs from the 

amount that would be computed using the federal statutory income tax rate due to the following (in thousands):

Computed federal tax expense (benefit) at statutory rate
State income taxes - net of federal tax benefit
Gain on condemnation of Valencia
Valuation allowance
Other differences
Income tax expense

For the Years Ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

(1,476)  $
(140)   
—     
—     
127     
(1,489)  $

14,275    $
1,865     
4,312     
—     
171     
20,623    $

16,298 
2,056 
— 
(35,800)
451 
(16,995)

  $

  $

ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, prescribes the method to determine whether a deferred tax asset is realizable and significant 
weight  is  given  to  evidence  that  it  can  be  objectively  verified.  As  of  December 31,  2016  and  December 31,  2015,  the  Company’s 
valuation allowance totaled $8,500, which relates to state net operating loss carryforwards expected to expire prior to utilization. 

-75-

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
   
   
The following table summarizes the Company’s temporary differences between book and tax accounting that give rise to the 
deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, including the valuation allowance, as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in 
thousands):

December 31, 2016

December 31, 2015

DEFERRED TAX ASSETS:
Taxable meter deposits
Net operating loss carry forwards
Balterra intangible asset acquisition
Deferred gain on Sale of GWM
Deferred gain on ICFA funds received
Equity investment loss
Property,  plant and equipment
Other

Total deferred tax assets

Valuation allowance

Net deferred tax asset

DEFERRED TAX LIABILITIES:

CP Water intangible asset acquisition
ICFA intangible asset
Property,  plant and equipment
Gain on condemnation of Valencia
Total deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax liability

  $

40    $

4,976   
336   
1,652   
7,350   
459   
—   
1,606   
16,419   
(9) 
16,410   

(571) 
(502) 
(642) 
(17,078) 
(18,793) 
(2,383)  $

  $

46 
5,322 
336 
1,705 
7,346 
333 
863 
482 
16,433 
(9)
16,424 

(571)
(141)
— 
(19,876)
(20,588)
(4,164)

As of December 31, 2016, we have a pproximately $13.9 million in federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carry forwards and 

$7.2 million in state NOLs available to offset future taxable income, with federal and state NOLs expiring in 2030-2036.

The  effective  tax  rates  used  for  the  years  ended  December 31,  2016,  2015,  and  2014  were  34.6%,  49.1%,  and  (37.0)%, 
respectively.  The  income  tax  provision  was  computed  based  on  the  Company’s  estimated  effective  tax  rate  and  forecasted  income 
expected for the full year, including the impact of any unusual, infrequent, or non-recurring items. The effective tax rate for the year 
ended December 31, 2016 was greater than the federal statutory rate of 34.0% primarily due to state income taxes. 

11. DEFERRED COMPENSATION AWARDS

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation related to option awards is measured based on the fair value of the award. The fair value of stock 
option  awards  is  determined  using  a  Black-Scholes  option-pricing  model.  We  recognize  compensation  expense  associated  with  the 
options over the vesting period.

2011 stock option grant

At  December 31,  2016  and  December 31,  2015,  there  were  options  to  acquire  43,395  shares  of  common  stock  of  GWRI 
outstanding, adjusting for the 100.68 to 1.00 stock split effected on April 28, 2016. The options were all vested and exercisable as of 
each date. The stock options have a remaining contractual life of approximately 1.50 years and have a split-adjusted exercise price of 
$8.65 per share.

2016 stock option grant

In May 2016, GWRI’s Board of Directors granted stock options to acquire 325,000 shares of GWRI’s common stock to the 
members  of  the  board.  The  options  were  granted  with  an  exercise  price  of  $7.50,  the  prevailing  market  price  of  the  Company’s 
common shares at the close of business on May 20, 2016. The options vest over a two-year period, with 50% vesting on May 2017 
and 50% vesting on May 2018. The options have a three-year life. The Company will expense the $2.1 million fair value of the stock 
option grant ratably over the two-year vesting period in accordance with ASC 323. Stock-based compensation expense of $649,000 
was  recorded  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016.  No  stock-based  compensation  expense  was  recorded  for  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2015 and 2014.

-76-

 
 
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Phantom stock compensation 

On December 30, 2010, we adopted a phantom stock unit plan authorizing the directors of the Company to issue phantom 
stock units (“PSUs”) to our employees. Following the consummation of the Reorganization Transaction, the awarded PSUs have been 
amended such that the outstanding units now track with the value of GWRI’s share price. The vesting of the awards has not changed. 
The value of the PSUs issued under the plan track to the performance of GWRI’s shares and give rise to a right of the holder to receive 
a cash payment the value of which, on a particular date, is the market value of the equivalent number of shares of GWRI at that date. 
The issuance of PSUs as a core component of employee compensation was intended to strengthen the alignment of interests between 
the employees of the Company and the shareholders of GWRI by linking their holdings and a portion of their compensation to the 
future value of the common shares of GWRI.

PSUs  are  accounted  for  as  liability  compensatory  awards  under  ASC  710,  Compensation  –  General,  rather  than  as  equity 
awards. PSU awards are remeasured each period and a liability is recorded equal to GRWI’s closing share price as of the balance sheet 
date multiplied by the number of units vested and outstanding. The value of the benefits is recorded as an expense in the Company’s 
financial  statements  over  the  related  vesting  period.  Vesting  occurs  ratably  over  12  consecutive  quarters  beginning  in  the  period 
granted. The following table detailing the awards granted and the number of units outstanding as of December 31, 2016 along with the 
amounts paid to holders of the PSUs for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands, except share amounts):

Grant Date

  Units Granted

  Units Outstanding  

2016

2015

Amounts Paid
For the Years Ended
December 31,

 Q4 2010
 Q1 2012
 Q1 2013
 Q1 2014
 Q1 2015
 Q1 2016
 Total

350,000     
135,079     
76,492     
8,775     
28,828     
34,830     
634,004     

—    $
—     
—     
371     
12,012     
26,123     
38,506    $

—    $
—     
29     
10     
82     
46     
167    $

1,398 
38 
110 
8 
38 
— 
1,592  

-77-

 
     
       
   
 
 
     
       
   
 
 
     
       
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Stock appreciation rights compensation 

The Company historically accounted for SARs as liability compensatory awards under ASC 710, Compensation – General, 
valued  using  the  intrinsic  value  method,  as  permitted  by  ASC  718  for  nonpublic  entities,  with  changes  to  the  value  of  the  SARs 
recognized as compensation expense at each quarterly reporting date. Upon becoming a public company, as defined in ASC 718, in 
the first quarter of 2016, the Company was required to change its methodology for valuing the SARs. While the SARs will continue to 
be remeasured at each quarterly reporting date, the SARs are required to be accounted for prospectively at fair value using a fair value 
pricing model, such as Black-Scholes. The Company recorded the impact of the change in valuation methods as a cumulative effect of 
a change in accounting principle, as permitted by ASC 250. The effect of the change increased the SAR liability by $103,000 which 
was the difference in compensation cost measured using the intrinsic value method and the fair value method. An offsetting change to 
accumulated deficit in the consolidated balance sheet was recorded with the revaluation, net of $38,000 in taxes. Any future changes 
in fair value will be recorded as compensation expense in the consolidated statement of operations.

Beginning January 2012, in an effort to reward employees for their performance, the Company adopted a stock appreciation 
rights plan authorizing the directors of the Company to issue SARs to our employees. The value of the SARs issued under the plan 
track the performance of GWRI’s shares. Each holder has the right to receive a cash payment amounting to the difference between the 
exercise price and the closing price of GWRI’s common shares on the exercise date, provided that the closing price is in excess of the 
exercise  price.  Holders  of  SARs  may  exercise  their  awards  once  vested.  Individuals  who  voluntarily  or  involuntarily  leave  the 
Company forfeit their rights under the awards. The following table details the recipients of the awards, the grant date, units granted, 
exercise price, outstanding shares as of December 31, 2016 and amounts paid during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in 
thousands, except share and per share amounts):

Amounts Paid
For the Years Ended
December 31,

Recipients

Employees below senior management level (1)
Key Executive (2)(4)
Key Executive (2)(5)
Members of Management (2)(6)
Key Executives (3)(7)
Total

Grant Date

Granted  

Units 

Exercise 
Price

  Units Outstanding  

2016

2015

 Q1 2012
 Q3 2013
 Q4 2013
 Q1 2015
 Q2 2015

152,091  $ C   4.00   
1.59   
100,000  $
2.69   
100,000  $
4.26   
299,000  $
5.13   
300,000  $
951,091     

—  $
45,000   
50,500   
233,000   
300,000   
628,500  $

—  $
151   
137   
112   
—   
400  $

67 
37 
— 
— 
— 
104  

(1) The SARs vested in equal installments over four quarters and expired four years after the date of issuance.
(2) The SARs vest ratably over sixteen quarters from the grant date.
(3) The SARs vest over sixteen quarters, vesting 20% per year for the first three years, with the remainder (40%) vesting in 

year four.

(4) The exercise price was determined by taking the weighted average share price of the five days prior to the grant date of July 

1, 2013.

(5) The  exercise  price  was  determined  by  taking  the  weighted  average  share  price  of  the  30  days  prior  to  the  grant  date  of 

November 14, 2013.

(6) The exercise price was determined to be the fair market value of one share of stock on the grant date of February 11, 2015.
(7) The exercise price was determined to be the fair market value of one share of stock on the grant date of May 8, 2015.

As a result of the merger of GWRC into the Company and the U.S. IPO, the exercise prices for the preceding awards were 
translated  to  U.S.  dollars  using  the  prevailing  noon-day  Bank  of  Canada  foreign  exchange  rate  of  US$0.7969  per  CAD$1.00  as 
measured on May 2, 2016, the day prior to the closing of the merger. The vesting of the awards has not changed. Subsequent to the 
merger,  each  SAR  will  provide  the  holder  the  right  to  receive  a  cash  payment  amounting  to  the  difference  between  the  per  share 
exercise price and the closing price of GWRI’s common shares on the exercise date, provided that the closing price is in excess of 
exercise price per share.

-78-

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 the Company recorded approximately $1.8 million, $695,000, and 
$1.3  million  of  compensation  expense  related  to  the  PSUs  and  SARS,  respectively.  Based  on  GWRI’s  closing  share  price  on 
December 30,  2016,  deferred  compensation  expense  to  be  recognized  over  future  periods  is  estimated  for  the  years  ending 
December 31 as follows (in thousands):

2017
2018
2019
2020
Total

PSUs

SARs

193   
106   
—   
—   
299  $

909 
692 
97 
— 
1,698  

$

12.

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

The following is supplemental cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 (in thousands):

Cash paid for interest
Cash paid for taxes
Cash paid for bond prepayment fee
Reclassification of deferred IPO costs to equity
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable
  $
        and accrued liabilities
Deferred compensation change in accounting principle   $
Bond reserve funds used to repay bond debt
  $
Equity method investment gain on recapitalization of
        FATHOM

  $
  $
  $
  $

  $

2016

For the Year Ended December 31,
2015

2014

5,969    $
184    $
3,201    $
97    $

2,909    $
103    $
—    $

7,475    $
—    $
—    $
—    $

184    $
—    $
—    $

—    $

—   

8,116 
— 
— 
— 

253 
— 
1,833 

1,088  

13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments 

Prior  to  the  sale  of  GWM,  we  leased  certain  office  space  in  Arizona  under  operating  leases  with  terms  that  expired  in 
February  2016.  The  operating  lease  agreements  were  between  GWM  and  the  landlord.  Accordingly,  effective  June  2013  through 
February 2016, the Company was not a party under the lease agreements. GWRI subleased a portion of the office space covered under 
the GWM lease agreements. In February 2016, the Company entered into a three-year lease agreement with the landlord to occupy the 
same space previously subleased under GWM's lease agreements, inclusive of necessary facility upgrades. Beginning in March 2016, 
the Company began recording approximately $8,000 in monthly rent expense related to the new agreement. Rent expense arising from 
the operating leases totaled approximately $92,000, $64,000, and $70,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, 
respectively.

Contingencies

From time to time in the ordinary course of business, the Company may be subject to pending or threatened lawsuits in which 
claims for monetary damages are asserted. Management is not aware of any legal proceedings of which the ultimate resolution could 
materially affect our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

-79-

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14.

SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)

Year Ended December 31, 2016
Revenues
Operating income
Net income/(loss)
Basic earnings/(loss) per common share
Diluted earnings/(loss) per common share

Year Ended December 31, 2015
Revenues
Operating income
Net income/(loss)
Basic earnings/(loss) per common share
Diluted earnings/(loss) per common share

First

Second

Third

    Fourth  

Quarter

6,816    $
1,061    $
(314)  $
(0.02)  $
(0.02)  $

7,589    $
826    $
(3,594)  $
(0.19)  $
(0.19)  $

Quarter

8,180    $
2,665    $
1,146    $
0.06    $
0.06    $

7,214 
718 
(90)
(0.00)
(0.00)

First

Second

Third

    Fourth  

7,622    $
775    $
(915)  $
(0.05)  $
(0.05)  $

9,082    $
2,280    $
403    $
0.02    $
0.02    $

8,143    $
2,056    $
21,905    $
1.20    $
1.20    $

7,109 
1,416 
(30)
(0.00)
(0.00)

  $
  $
  $
  $
  $

  $
  $
  $
  $
  $

-80-

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
     
       
       
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
 
ITEM 9. CHANGES  IN  AND  DISAGREEMENTS  WITH  ACCOUNTANTS  ON  ACCOUNTING  AND  FINANCIAL 

DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Office and Chief Financial Officer, reviewed and evaluated 
our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K. Based on that evaluation,  our Chief 
Executive Office and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in providing 
them with timely material information relating to the Company.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2016 that 

has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

This Form 10-K does not include a report of management’s assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting or 
an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the 
SEC for newly public companies.

In  addition,  we  are  an  emerging  growth  company,  as  defined  under  the  Jumpstart  Our  Business  Startups  Act  (the  "JOBS 
Act"), our registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to, or report on, management’s assessment regarding internal 
control over financial reporting for as long as the Company is deemed to be an emerging growth company.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information required by Item 10 is included under the following captions in our definitive proxy statement relating to our 
2017 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 
2016 and is incorporated herein by reference: “Proposal One: Election of Directors”, “Executive Officers”, “Other Matters—Section 
16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance”, “Other Matters—Code of Conduct and Ethics”, and “Corporate Governance—
Board and Committee Information”.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

We are an emerging growth company, as defined under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the "JOBS Act"), and are 
therefore not required to provide certain disclosures regarding executive compensation required of larger public companies or hold a 
nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation. 

The information required by Item 11 is included under the following captions in our definitive proxy statement relating to our 
2017 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 
2016  and  is  incorporated  herein  by  reference:  “Corporate  Governance—Compensation  of  Directors”,  “Executive  Compensation”, 
“Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation”, and “Report of the Compensation Committee”.

-81-

ITEM 12. SECURITY  OWNERSHIP  OF  CERTAIN  BENEFICIAL  OWNERS  AND  MANAGEMENT  AND  RELATED 

STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by Item 12 is included under the following captions in our definitive proxy statement relating to our 
2017 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of our 
fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 and is incorporated herein by reference: “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and 
Management” and “Equity Plan Information”.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by Item 13 is included under the following captions in our definitive proxy statement relating to our 
2017 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of our 
fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 and is incorporated herein by reference: “Corporate Governance—Independence of Directors” 
and “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by Item 14 is included under the following caption in our definitive proxy statement relating to our 
2017 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of our 
fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 and is incorporated herein by reference: “Audit Matters—Independent Auditor’s Fees.”

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

PART IV

(a) Exhibit

See Exhibit Index.

(b) Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules.

Our  consolidated  financial  statements  are  included  in  Part  II,  Item  8  of  this  Form  10-K.  All  other  schedules  for  which 
provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the SEC are included in the consolidated financial statements, including 
the notes thereto, or are inapplicable, and therefore have been omitted. 

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

-82-

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of 13 of 15(d) the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to 

be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Global Water Resources, Inc.

Date:   March 10, 2017

By:

/s/ Ron L. Fleming
Ron L. Fleming
President and Chief Executive Officer

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Ron 
L.  Fleming  and  Michael  J.  Liebman,  and  each  of  them,  his  or  her  true  and  lawful  attorneys-in-fact  and  agents,  with  full  power  of 
substitution and re-substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all 
amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection 
therewith the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and 
authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully and to 
all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and 
agents, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant  to  the  requirements  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  this  report  has  been  signed  below  by  the  following 

persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature

Title

Date

/s/ Ron L. Fleming
Ron L. Fleming

President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)

March 10, 2017

/s/ Michael J. Liebman
Michael J. Liebman

Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary 
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

March 10, 2017

/s/ Trevor T. Hill
Trevor T. Hill

/s/ William S. Levine
William S. Levine

/s/ Richard M. Alexander
Richard M. Alexander

/s/ Rita Theil
L. Rita Theil

/s/ David C. Tedesco
David C. Tedesco

/s/ Cindy M. Bowers
Cindy M. Bowers

Chairman of the Board

March 10, 2017

March 10, 2017

March 10, 2017

March 10, 2017

March 10, 2017

March 10, 2017

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

-83-

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit 
Number

2.1.1

Arrangement Agreement

2.1.2

Plan of Arrangement

Description of Exhibit

Method of Filing

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1.2 of Amendment No. 2 to the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed 
with the SEC on April 13, 2016

3.1

3.2

4.1

4.2

4.3

10.1

10.2

Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Global 
Water Resources, Inc.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed 
with the SEC on May 4, 2016

Amended and Restated Bylaws of Global Water Resources, Inc.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed 
with the SEC on May 4, 2016

Form of Common Stock Certificate

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Amendment No. 4 to the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed 
with the SEC on April 26, 2016

Form of 4.38% Senior Secured Notes, Series A due on June 15, 2028 

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 28, 2016

Form of 4.58% Senior Secured Notes, Series B due on December 15, 2036 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report 

on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 28, 2016

Settlement Agreement for Stipulated Condemnation with the City of 
Buckeye, Arizona, dated March 19, 2015

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

License Agreement with City of Maricopa, Arizona, dated November 9, 
2006

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

10.3

Employment Agreement with Ron Fleming, dated May 13, 2015*

10.4

Employment Agreement with Michael J. Liebman, dated May 13, 2015*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

10.5

10.6

10.7

10.8

10.9

Infrastructure Coordination Agreement with Pecan Valley Investments, 
LLC, dated January 28, 2004

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

Infrastructure Coordination Agreement with JNAN, LLC, dated July 1, 
2004

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

Infrastructure Coordination and Finance Agreement with Dana B. Byron 
and Jamie Maccallum, dated July 21, 2006

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

Infrastructure Coordination and Finance Agreement with The Orchard at 
Picacho, LLC, dated January 8, 2008

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

Infrastructure Coordination, Finance and Option Agreement with Sierra 
Negra Ranch, LLC, dated July 10, 2006

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

10.10

Infrastructure Coordination and Finance Agreement, dated December 20, 
2007

10.11.1

GWR Global Water Resources Corp. Stock Option Plan*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17.1 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

-84-

Exhibit 
Number

10.11.2

10.11.3

10.12.1

10.12.2

10.13.1

10.13.2

10.14.1

Description of Exhibit

Method of Filing

First Amendment to GWR Global Water Resources Corp. Stock Option 
Plan, dated September 12, 2012*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17.2 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

Second Amendment to GWR Global Water Resources Corp. Stock Option 
Plan*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed 
with the SEC on May 4, 2016

Global Water Resources, Inc. First Amended and Restated Stock 
Appreciation Rights Plan, dated March 23, 2015*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

Amendment to Global Water Resources, Inc. First Amended and Restated 
Stock Appreciation Rights Plan*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed 
with the SEC on May 4, 2016

Global Water Resources, Inc. Deferred Phantom Stock Unit Plan, dated 
January 1, 2011*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

Amendment to Global Water Resources, Inc. Deferred Phantom Stock 
Unit Plan*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed 
with the SEC on May 4, 2016

Global Water Resources, Inc. Phantom Stock Unit Plan, dated May 1, 
2015*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

10.14.2

Amendment to Global Water Resources, Inc. Phantom Stock Unit Plan*

10.15.1

GWR Global Water Resources Corp. Deferred Phantom Stock Unit Plan, 
dated January 1, 2011*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed 
with the SEC on May 4, 2016

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

10.15.2

Amendment to GWR Global Water Resources Corp. Deferred Phantom 
Stock Unit Plan*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed 
with the SEC on May 4, 2016

10.16

Securities Purchase Agreement, dated June 5, 2013

10.17.1

Service Agreement, dated June 5, 2013

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 of Amendment No. 1 to the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed 
with the SEC on March 17, 2016

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 of Amendment No. 1 to the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed 
with the SEC on March 17, 2016

10.17.2

First Amendment to Service Agreement, dated November 17, 2016, by 
and among the certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of Global Water 
Resources, Inc. and Global Water Management, LLC

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 18, 2016

10.18

Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 20, 2016, by and among 
Global Water Resources, Inc. and certain Initial Purchasers 

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 26, 2016

10.19

Guaranty Agreement, dated as of June 24, 2016, by Global Water, LLC 

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 28, 2016

10.20

10.21

10.22

10.23

Guaranty Agreement, dated as of June 24, 2016, by West Maricopa 
Combine, Inc. 

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 28, 2016

Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of June 24, 2016, by and 
between Global Water Resources, Inc. and U.S. Bank National 
Association, as collateral agent 

Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of June 24, 2016, by and 
between Global Water, LLC and U.S. Bank National Association, as 
collateral agent 

Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of June 24, 2016, by and 
between West Maricopa Combine, Inc. and U.S. Bank National 
Association, as collateral agent 

Incorporated by reference to the Exhibit 10.4 to Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 28, 2016

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 28, 2016

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 28, 2016

14.1

Code of Ethics 

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed 
with the SEC on May 4, 2016

-85-

Exhibit 
Number

21.1

24.1

31.1

31.2

32.1

99.1

Description of Exhibit

Method of Filing

Subsidiaries of Global Water Resources, Inc.

Filed herewith

Power of Attorney

See signature page hereto

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer

Filed herewith

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer

Filed herewith

Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial 
Officer

Filed herewith

Arizona Corporation Commission Decision No. 74364

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Company’s Registration 
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-209025) filed with the SEC on 
January 19, 2016

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

Filed herewith

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

Filed herewith

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

Filed herewith

101. PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

Filed herewith

*

Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

-86-

[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

REGULATED REVENUE GROWTH 

($ IN MILLIONS)

20.9%

CAGR 

(2004 – 2016)

$35M

$30M

$25M

$20M

$15M

$10M

$14.8

$10.2

$5M

$3.1

$0M

Market

Downturn

$22.7

$19.4

$19.3

$19.1

$32.0 $32.2

$

$31 3

$31.3

$29.7

$30.7

$28.5

N

O

I

T

I

S

O

P

S

I

D

Y

E

L

L

A

V

W

O

L

L

I

W

N

O

I

T

I

S

O

P

S

I

D

A

I

C

N

E

L

A

V

APPROVED RATE ORDER THAT ALLOWS US TO 

INCREASE RATES EVERY YEAR UNTIL 2021

$1.9M

of additional annualized 

revenue based on 2016 

connections

~6.4%

increase over 2016 

revenue (excluding 

Willow revenue)

Phased in Revenue Increase

$ in millions

$4.1M

$3.7M

$3.3M

$2.9M

$2.6M

$2.2M

$4.5M

$4.0M

$3.5M

$3.0M

$2.5M

$2.0M

$1.5M

$0.5M

$0.0M

$1.0M

$1.2M

4

0

0

2

5

0

0

2

6

0

0

2

7

0

0

2

8

0

0

2

9

0

0

2

0

1

0

2

1

1

0

2

2

1

0

2

3

1

0

2

4

1

0

2

5

1

0

2

6

1

0

2

2015 2016 2017P 2018P 2019P 2020P 2021P

Based on 2016 connections, excluding Valencia and Willow Valley.

DIVIDEND POLICY & HISTORY 

SINCE U.S. IPO

$0.27

current annual dividend 

(paid monthly)

3.1%

dividend yield

(as of 3/24/2017)

AVERAGE ACTIVE CONNECTION GROWTH OF 

3.0% AND PERMITS ARE ACCELERATING

37,387

3.0%

active service connections 

CAGR 

December 2016

(Dec 2011 – Dec 2016)

$0 26

$0.26  $0.26  $0.26  $0.26  $0.26 

$0 26

$0 26

$0 26

$0 26

$0.27 

$0.28 

$0.27 

$0 26

$0.26 

$0.25 

$0.24 

$0.23 

$0.22 

$0.24  $0.24 

38,026 

37,387 

40,000 

Total Active

Total Connections

37,500 

35,000 

32,500 

30,000 

27,500 

31,672

31,630 

6

1

-

y

a

M

6

1

-

n

u

J

6

1

-

l

u

J

6

1

-

g

u

A

6

1

-

p

e

S

6

1

-

t

c

O

6

1

-

v

o

N

6

1

-

c

e

D

7

0

-

c

e

D

8

0

-

n

u

J

8

0

-

c

e

D

9

0

-

n

u

J

9

0

-

c

e

D

0

1

-

n

u

J

0

1

-

c

e

D

1

1

-

n

u

J

1

1

-

c

e

D

2

1

-

n

u

J

2

1

-

c

e

D

3

1

-

n

u

J

3

1

-

c

e

D

4

1

-

n

u

J

4

1

-

c

e

D

5

1

-

n

u

J

5

1

-

c

e

D

6

1

-

n

u

J

6

1

-

c

e

D

Adjusted for Willow Valley and Valencia disposition.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

Trevor T. Hill 
Chairman of the Board, Co-founder 
Phoenix, Arizona, USA 

Ron L. Fleming
President, Chief Executive Officer  
and Director
Phoenix, Arizona, USA 

William S. Levine 
Co-founder & Independent Director 
Phoenix, Arizona, USA 

David Tedesco 
Independent Director 
Scottsdale, Arizona, USA 

Richard M. Alexander 
Independent Director 
Calgary, Alberta, Canada 

L. Rita Theil 
Independent Director 
Aurora, Ontario, Canada 

Cindy M. Bowers 
Director
Grenada, Mississippi, USA 

pp ,

,

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS 

Ron L. Fleming
President, Chief Executive Officer  
and Director

Mike Liebman 
Senior Vice President and 
Chief Financial Officer 

INVESTOR INFORMATION 

Ron Both 
Investor Relations, CMA 
949.432.7566
rb@cma.bz

Stock Exchange Listings
NASDAQ 
Stock symbol: GWRS 

The Toronto Stock Exchange 
Stock symbol: GWR 

Transfer Agent & Registrar
Continental Stock Transfer & Trust
17 Battery Place
New York, NY 10004

 
 
 
Global Water Resources, Inc.
21410 N 19th Avenue, Suite 220
Phoenix, AZ 85027 USA
gwresources.com

2016 Annual Report