2022: A year of transformationANNUAL REPORT 3 Dear Fellow Stockholders, In last year’s annual stockholder letter, we explained that we expected updates over the upcoming year that would be transformative to our business. We were right. The events announced over the last 12 months have altered the trajectory of Globalstar’s future in a profound way for our stockholders, customers, partners, employees, lenders, and the many lives our life saving connectivity solutions will impact.New customer and vendor relationships, as well as capital structure changes, have been the catalysts for this transformation. With an improved balance sheet and materially accelerating cash flow, with the expectation for further acceleration, Globalstar has never been as well positioned as it is today to continue capitalizing on the opportunities at hand for our connectivity solutions. Globalstar now has unique opportunities as a result of the partnerships we forged during our transformative year, both for our satellite network and terrestrial assets. We are now strongly focused on generating more cash flow from our platform. This letter highlights areas in which our business leaders are driving our global strategic initiatives, illustrated through each of our four strategic pillars of value.2022: A year of transformation | ANNUAL REPORT 3 45 Pillar: Wholesale Satellite CapacityOur recent revenue growth was anchored on the expansion of our wholesale capacity revenue. Fundamental to the success of our business plan is the health and stability of our spectrum, satellite and ground assets. • In 2022, we entered into an agreement with Macdonald, Dettwiler and Associates Corporation (MDA) in partnership with Rocket Lab for the procurement and manufacture of new satellites to replenish and extend the life of our existing constellation. The new satellites will further cement our ability to provide the highest quality mobile satellite services to our customers over the long term. Earlier this year, we completed the preliminary design review with MDA and Rocket Lab and look forward to continuing to complete milestones as we approach launch in 2025. • In June 2022, we witnessed the launch of a spare satellite from Cape Canaveral’s Kennedy Space Center with services provider SpaceX. This satellite serves as an in-orbit spare, playing an important role in our continuity of service plans, as it helps ensure we maintain the high-quality mobile satellite service expected by our customers and partners. • We also received mobile satellite and ground operation authorization in Thailand, the first and only LEO satellite constellation authorized to provide service in this country. Our new ground station will join our 27 others in 17 countries providing the finest mobile satellite services, including critical Emergency SOS communications, to the globe.2022: A year of transformation | ANNUAL REPORT 5 76 Pillar: Terrestrial SpectrumWe have made great progress during the last twelve months through additional terrestrial spectrum licensing and further development of the ecosystem. • Our recent partnerships have been critical to the expansion of the device ecosystem for Band 53/n53. With access to the band in millions of devices, we expect acceleration of terrestrial deployment opportunities and monetization of the band. • We recently announced a collaboration agreement with mobile chip leader, Qualcomm. As part of this agreement, Qualcomm will make the Qualcomm FSM Platform, used for wireless infrastructure, commercially available and interoperable with their existing and expanding device chipset platform over Band n53. Companies like Qualcomm typically do not undertake such efforts unless they see a large addressable market like the one they recognize in our global terrestrial and space assets. We will work with Qualcomm’s global in-house team and their third-party system integrators to fully utilize the potential of their Band n53 solutions for private and public terrestrial networks. • With our latest terrestrial authorization in Spain, our first in Europe, we continue to expand our ability to provide complementary terrestrial services over our mobile satellite spectrum via Band 53. This authorization is an important step in the deployment of terrestrial services in major world economies. With this authorization, we now have terrestrial licenses in eleven countries covering over 800 million POPs and expect to exceed one billion in the near-term. Prospective spectrum partners, including cable companies, legacy or start-up wireless carriers, system integrators, utilities and other infrastructure operators, all benefit from access to uniform and increasingly “borderless” spectrum working across geographies.2022: A year of transformation | ANNUAL REPORT 7 89 Pillar: Commercial IoTWe have continued to work constructively with our partners to deliver the connectivity and technology most meaningful to their businesses and look forward to additional IoT innovation in 2023 and beyond. • In June 2022, we introduced Realm Enablement Suite, an innovative portfolio of satellite asset tracking hardware and software solutions, featuring a powerful application enablement platform for processing smart data at the edge. • In March 2023, we announced the introduction of the Realm Cloud Mobile Device Management platform to deliver device management capabilities, custom dashboards and API integrations with increased functionality. This platform further provides customers and VARs with an agile solution for device and data management. • We plan to further expand our product portfolio with a two-way modem and turnkey product in the coming months. The embedded two-way functionality will allow our customers to command and control their assets serving a variety of new use cases and applications.• We are active at 3GPP directing the future of NTN standardization and expect our spectrum bands to be approved in the next few months, which we expect will open up a considerably larger ecosystem. • Demand for our Commercial IoT products and services has never been stronger. Commercial IoT service revenue increased 9% in 2022 from the prior year due to growth in our average subscriber base and higher ARPU. We saw steady growth in subscriber additions, including a 26% increase in gross activations in 2022 and an even sharper trajectory at the end of the year with a more than 50% increase in gross activations in the fourth quarter. This expansion in service revenue is particularly meaningful and a clear indicator of demand particularly in light of the supply chain disruptions we experienced during 2022 that led to significant delays in order fulfillment.2022: A year of transformation | ANNUAL REPORT 9 1011 Pillar: Legacy ServicesWe are committed to our legacy satellite business and serving our current subscriber base while offering future innovations in MSS. • Our existing Duplex and SPOT customers are benefiting from expanded capacity through new, more powerful antennas across our network, additional ground stations providing overlapping coverage and soon additional satellites, all of which improve service levels.• While post-pandemic impacts on the supply chain have affected the manufacturing of our SPOT business, our user base has remained loyal, despite inventory shortages, and subscribers have increased year over year. Our users continue to rely on SPOT for their off the grid connectivity, and we are proud of our nearly 9,500 SOS-related rescues. 2022: A year of transformation | ANNUAL REPORT 11 1312Financial HighlightsIn addition to meaningful operational highlights, we continue to report strong financial results, including 2022 annual revenue growth of 19% and a nearly 50% increase in year over year Adjusted EBITDA(1). The revenue increase was driven by higher service revenue due almost entirely to higher wholesale capacity services, which increased $26.0 million year over year resulting from deliverables performed under the Service Agreements. Higher Commercial IoT service revenue of 9%, due to increases in both average subscribers and ARPU, also contributed to the total increase in revenue. We expect this momentum to accelerate in 2023 and beyond with continued revenue growth and rapidly expanding Adjusted EBITDA.Capital Structure ChangesThroughout the last few months, we announced significant changes to our balance sheet through a series of strategic transactions. These changes included the prepay agreement with our wholesale partner which was accomplished without equity dilution and raising $200 million of non-convertible unsecured debt. The proceeds from these notes were used to repay the remaining amount due under our 2019 Facility Agreement, with the remaining amount used for general corporate purposes. With a secure balance sheet and all refinancing requirements completed, we can refocus all of our efforts towards executing our business plan.(1) See the reconciliation to GAAP net income (loss) following this letter. 2023 OutlookAs you can see, we have made significant strides in major initiatives in all areas of our business. The operational achievements of 2022 position Globalstar as a leading next-generation telecom infrastructure provider and deliver a foundation for continued success and growth, we are looking forward to our next chapter. With the renewed interest in the satellite industry and technology evolving at an accelerated pace, we remain confident in our ability to not just keep up with but outpace our competitors. We look forward to a promising year ahead.With warm regards,James Monroe IIIExecutive ChairmanDavid KaganChief Executive Officer2022: A year of transformation | ANNUAL REPORT 13 Globalstar helps people connect, communicate, and transmit data in smarter ways. As a telecom infrastructure provider, we offer reliable satellite and terrestrial connectivity that’s simple, fast, secure, and affordable. With our low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite network providing coverage to more than 200 countries, we connect and protect assets, transmit key operational data, and save lives — from any location — for consumers, businesses, and government agencies around the globe. Globalstar’s terrestrial spectrum, Band 53, offers carriers, cable companies, and system integrators a “borderless” fully-licensed channel with a growing ecosystem to help our partners improve wireless connectivity. We also leverage our excess satellite capacity to develop IoT and other deployments for wholesale customers.In addition to our SPOT GPS messengers that connect people in remote environments, Globalstar offers next-generation IoT hardware and software products that efficiently track and monitor assets, process smart data at the edge with AI-enabled applications, and manage analytics with cloud- based telematics solutions — all of which drive safety, productivity, and profitability. We transform smart ideas into smarter solutions. 14 GLOBALSTAR, INC.
RECONCILIATION OF GAAP NET INCOME (LOSS) TO NON-GAAP ADJUSTED EBITDA
(In thousands)
(unaudited)
Net loss
$
(256,915)
$
(112,625)
Year Ended
December 31,
2022
2021
Interest income and expense, net
Derivative loss
Income tax expense (benefit)
Depreciation, amortization and accretion
EBITDA
Non-cash reduction in the value of inventory
Non-cash reduction in the value of long-lived assets
Non-cash reduction in the value of assets following change in strategy
Non-cash compensation
Foreign exchange loss and other
Gain on extinguishment of debt
Non-cash consideration, net, associated with wholesale capacity contract (2)
Non-cash shareholder litigation cost recovery
Non-cash settlement of pension plan
30,168
805
73
93,884
(131,985)
-
-
175,079
10,754
6,129
(2,790)
(292)
(1,000)
1,501
43,536
1,043
(299)
96,237
27,892
1,004
242
-
6,729
5,942
(3,098)
-
-
-
Adjusted EBITDA (1)
$
57,396
$
38,711
(1) EBITDA represents earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, accretion and derivative (gains)/losses. Adjusted EBITDA
excludes non-cash compensation expense, reduction in the value of assets, foreign exchange (gains)/losses, and certain other non-cash or non-
recurring charges as applicable. Management uses Adjusted EBITDA in order to manage the Company's business and to compare its results more
closely to the results of its peers. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not represent and should not be considered as alternatives to GAAP
measurements, such as net income/(loss). These terms, as defined by us, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other
companies.
The Company uses Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measurement of its operating performance. The Company believes it best reflects changes
across time in the Company's performance, including the effects of pricing, cost control and other operational decisions. The Company's
management uses Adjusted EBITDA for planning purposes, including the preparation of its annual operating budget. The Company believes that
Adjusted EBITDA also is useful to investors because it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in their
evaluation of companies in similar industries. As indicated, Adjusted EBITDA does not include interest expense on borrowed money or depreciation
expense on our capital assets or the payment of income taxes, which are necessary elements of the Company's operations. Because Adjusted
EBITDA does not account for these expenses, its utility as a measure of the Company's operating performance has material limitations. Because of
these limitations, the Company's management does not view Adjusted EBITDA in isolation and also uses other measurements, such as revenues and
operating profit, to measure operating performance.
(2)
Includes significant financing component associated with prepayments made by the customer under the Service Agreements recorded as deferred
revenue as well as a reduction to revenue associated with the non-cash fair value associated with consideration paid to the customer under the
Service Agreements in the form of warrants.
1
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
☒
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2022
OR
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from to
Commission File Number 001-33117
GLOBALSTAR, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
41-2116508
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
1351 Holiday Square Blvd.
Covington, Louisiana 70433
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code (985) 335-1500
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol
GSAT
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Name of exchange on
which registered
NYSE American
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to
file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be
submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such
shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a
smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer,"
"smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
☒
☐
Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
☐
☐
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition
period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the
Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the
effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C.
7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)
Yes ☐ No ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of
the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of
incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period
pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates at June 30, 2022, the last business day
of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $0.8 billion.
As of February 24, 2023, 1,811 million shares of voting common stock were outstanding, 0.1 million shares of preferred
stock were outstanding, and no shares of nonvoting common stock were authorized or outstanding. Unless the context
otherwise requires, references to common stock in this Report mean the Registrant's voting common stock.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference
in Part III of this Report.
FORM 10-K
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
Page
Business
Item 1.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures
Item 5.
PART II
Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities
[Reserved]
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Item 8.
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Item 9B. Other Information
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
PART III
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Form 10-K Summary
PART IV
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
Item 15.
Item 16.
Signatures
3
14
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
40
42
91
91
92
92
92
92
92
92
92
93
94
94
PART I
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements contained in or incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the "Report"), other
than purely historical information, including, but not limited to, estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans,
objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are forward-looking
statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements
generally are identified by the words "believe," "project," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "intend," "strategy," "plan," "may,"
"should," "will," "would," "will be," "will continue," "will likely result," and similar expressions, although not all forward-
looking statements contain these identifying words. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and
assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-
looking statements. Forward-looking statements, such as the statements regarding our ability to develop and expand our
business (including our ability to monetize our spectrum rights), our anticipated capital spending, our ability to manage costs,
our ability to exploit and respond to technological innovation, the effects of laws and regulations (including tax laws and
regulations) and legal and regulatory changes (including regulation related to the use of our spectrum), the opportunities for
strategic business combinations and the effects of consolidation in our industry on us and our competitors, our anticipated
future revenues, our anticipated financial resources, our expectations about the future operational performance of our satellites
(including their projected operational lives), our expectations for future increases in our revenue and profitability, our
performance and financial results under the Service Agreements, the expected strength of and growth prospects for our existing
customers and the markets that we serve, commercial acceptance of new products, problems relating to the ground-based
facilities operated by us or by independent gateway operators, worldwide economic, geopolitical and business conditions and
risks associated with doing business on a global basis, business interruptions due to natural disasters, unexpected events or
public health crises, including viral pandemics such as the COVID-19 coronavirus, and other statements contained in this
Report regarding matters that are not historical facts, involve predictions. Risks and uncertainties that could cause or contribute
to such differences include, without limitation, those in Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Report. We do not intend, and undertake
no obligation, to update any of our forward-looking statements after the date of this Report to reflect actual results or future
events or circumstances.
Item 1. Business
Mobile Satellite Services Business
Globalstar, Inc. (“we,” “us” or the “Company”) provides Mobile Satellite Services (“MSS”) including voice and data
communications services in addition to wholesale capacity services through its global satellite network. We offer these services
over our network of in-orbit satellites and our active ground stations (“gateways”), which we refer to collectively as the
Globalstar System. In addition to supporting Internet of Things ("IoT") data transmissions in a variety of applications, we
provide reliable connectivity in areas not served or underserved by terrestrial wireless and wireline networks and in
circumstances where terrestrial networks are not operational due to natural or man-made disasters. By providing wireless
communications services across the globe, we meet our customers' increasing desire for connectivity.
Business Strategy
Our competitive advantages are leveraged through a strategy that relies primarily on four pillars to drive increasing
shareholder value: wholesale satellite capacity, terrestrial spectrum, IoT and legacy services. The four pillars are outlined below.
Wholesale Satellite Capacity
Wholesale satellite capacity services include satellite network access and related services using our satellite spectrum and
network of satellites and gateways.
In September 2022, Apple Inc. (“Partner”) announced new satellite-enabled services for certain of its products (the
“Services”). We are the satellite operator for the Services pursuant to the agreement (the “Service Agreement”) and certain
related ancillary agreements (such agreements, together with the Service Agreement, as each is amended from time to time, the
“Service Agreements”). The Services constitute the service which was previously described and disclosed as the Terms
Agreement.
Since execution of the Service Agreements in 2020 and prior to the commencement of the Services in 2022, the parties
completed several milestones, including (i) a feasibility phase, (ii) material upgrades to our ground network, (iii) construction
of 10 new gateways around the world, (iv) the successful launch of the ground spare satellite, and (v) rigorous in-field system
testing. The Service Agreements generally require us to allocate network capacity to support the Services, and Partner to enable
3
Band 53/n53 for use in cellular-enabled devices designated by Partner for use with the Services.
Partner made the Services available to its customers beginning in November 2022 (the “Service Launch”). In consideration
for the Services provided by us, Partner will make payments to us under the Service Agreements, such as a recurring service
fee, payments relating to certain Service-related operating expenses and capital expenditures, including under the satellite
procurement agreement with Macdonald, Dettwiler and Associates Corporation ("MDA" or, the "Vendor"), and potential bonus
payments subject to satisfaction of certain licensing, service and related criteria.
In addition to the services provided under the Service Agreements, we intend to continue to develop wholesale customer
opportunities over our retained satellite capacity (discussed below) for IoT and other initiatives.
We retain 15% of network capacity to support our existing and future Duplex, SPOT and IoT subscribers. This capacity can
support a substantial increase in our own subscriber base, particularly following recent and planned investments in our space
and ground segments. The retained satellite capacity can be used by us directly or through additional wholesale arrangements.
Terrestrial Spectrum
We have terrestrial licenses in 11 countries resulting in approximately 10.0 billion MHz-POPs (megahertz of our spectrum
authority in each country multiplied by a total population of approximately 797 million over the covered area). Prospective
spectrum partners, including cable companies, legacy or upstart wireless carriers, system integrators, utilities and other
infrastructure operators, all benefit from access to uniform and increasingly “borderless” spectrum working across geographies.
Our expanding portfolio of terrestrial spectrum represents a substantial opportunity for us. Given our senior status as the
incumbent operator in the Big LEO band, we believe that our valuable assets include our extensive portfolio of domestic and
international licenses to access the globally harmonized spectrum that is essential to all of the services that we offer today and
into the future. The Service Agreements significantly enhance the device ecosystem for Band 53/n53.
IoT
Satellite IoT connectivity has become more critical to a growing number of sectors and use cases. We plan to continue to
evolve and develop our IoT initiatives. In June 2022, we introduced the Realm Enablement Suite, an innovative portfolio of
satellite asset tracking hardware and software solutions featuring a powerful application enablement platform for processing
smart data at the edge, which improves processing time and reliability in remote locations. With Realm, partners can accelerate
new solutions to market with smart applications that generate an advanced level of telematics data. The Realm Enablement
Suite includes Integrity 150, the first solar-powered, deployment-ready satellite asset tracking device with an application
enablement platform; ST150M, a satellite modem module that drastically simplifies product development; and the Realm
application enablement platform, which will offer tools and an extensive library for quickly accessing and developing smart
applications at the edge for vertical-specific solutions.
We also continue to expand deployments that support environmentally friendly initiatives, including remote monitoring of
fluid levels and tanks, which replaces the need for motor vehicles to access these assets, as well as asset monitoring solutions
for solar lighting and other renewable energy sources.
In 2023, we expect to introduce a two-way commercial IoT product which would significantly expand our opportunities in
the IoT Market because this technology would have capabilities that include both tracking as well as command control.
Legacy Services
We remain committed to our legacy satellite business and serving our current subscriber base while offering future
innovations in MSS. Our existing Duplex and SPOT customers are expected to benefit from expanded capacity through
additional ground infrastructure and satellites which improve service levels.
4
Communications Products and Services
We currently provide the following communications services:
•
•
•
•
•
two-way voice communication and data transmissions via our GSP-1600 and GSP-1700 phone ("Duplex");
one-way or two-way communication and data transmissions using mobile devices, including our SPOT family of
products, such as SPOT X ®, SPOT Gen4TM and SPOT Trace®, that transmit messages and the location of the device
("SPOT");
one-way data transmissions using a mobile or fixed device that transmits its location and other information to a central
monitoring station, including our commercial IoT products, such as our battery- and solar-powered SmartOne, STX-3,
ST100, ST-150 and Integrity 150 ("Commercial IoT");
satellite network access and related services utilizing our satellite spectrum and network of satellites and gateways
("Wholesale Capacity Services"); and
engineering and other communication services using our MSS and terrestrial spectrum licenses ("Engineering and
Other").
We compete aggressively on price. We offer a range of price-competitive products to the industrial, governmental and
consumer markets. We expect to retain our position as a cost-effective, high-quality leader in the MSS industry.
As technological advancements are made, we continue to explore opportunities to develop new products and provide new
services over our network to meet the needs of our existing and prospective customers. We have pursued and continue to pursue
initiatives that we expect will expand our satellite communications business and even more intensively utilize our network
assets. These initiatives include evaluating our product and service offerings in light of the shift in demand across the MSS
industry from full Duplex voice and data services to direct-to-handset and IoT-enabled devices. Integrated with this assessment
is the development of a two-way reference design module to expand our Commercial IoT offerings, which is among our other
current initiatives. In recent years, we have considered the value of maintaining our second-generation Duplex services in light
of alternative uses for our capacity, including uses under the Service Agreements. As previously disclosed, in September 2022,
we abandoned our second-generation Duplex assets, including gateway property, prepaid licenses and royalties, and inventory.
We will continue to support first-generation Duplex services, including voice communications and data transmissions using our
satellite phones and data modems.
Globalstar System
Satellite Network
Our constellation of Low Earth Orbit ("LEO") satellites includes second-generation satellites and certain first-generation
satellites. We designed our satellite network so that at least one satellite is visible from any point on the Earth's surface between
the latitudes 70° north and 70° south. We designed our second-generation satellites to last twice as long in space, have 40%
greater capacity and be built at a significantly lower cost compared to our first-generation satellites.
Our goal is to provide service levels and call or message success rates equal to or better than our MSS competitors so our
products and services are attractive to potential customers. We believe that our system outperforms geostationary (“GEO”)
satellites used by some of our competitors. GEO satellite signals must travel approximately 42,000 additional miles on average,
which introduces considerable delay and signal degradation to GEO calls.
In February 2022, we entered into a satellite procurement agreement with MDA pursuant to which we expect to acquire 17
satellites that will replenish our existing constellation and ensure long-term continuity of our mobile satellite services. We are
acquiring the satellites to provide continuous satellite services to Partner under the Service Agreements, as well as services to
our current and future customers. We have committed to purchase these new satellites for a total contract price of
$327.0 million and have the option to purchase additional satellites at a lower per unit cost, subject to certain conditions. The
technical specifications and design of these new satellites are similar to our current second-generation satellites. Rocket Lab
USA, Inc. is the Vendor’s satellite bus subcontractor. The satellite procurement agreement requires the Vendor to deliver 17 new
satellites by 2025, all of which are expected to be launched by the end of 2025. Under the Service Agreements, subject to
certain terms and conditions, Partner has agreed to make service payments equal to 95% of the approved capital expenditures
under the satellite procurement agreement (to be paid on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the satellites) and certain
other costs incurred for the new satellites, as adjusted based on certain provisions, beginning with the Phase 2 Service Period.
In June 2022, we successfully launched our on-ground spare second-generation satellite. This satellite is expected to remain
as an in-orbit spare and will only be raised to its operational orbit at a future date if needed.
5
Ground Network
Our satellites communicate with a network of gateways, each of which serves an area of approximately 700,000 to
1,000,000 square miles. A gateway must be within line-of-sight of a satellite and the satellite must be within line-of-sight of the
subscriber to provide services. We have positioned our gateways to provide coverage over most of the Earth's land and human
population and continue to evaluate and expand our gateway footprint to optimize coverage.
Each of our gateways has multiple antennas that communicate with our satellites and pass communications seamlessly
between antenna beams and satellites as the satellites traverse the gateways, thereby reflecting the signals from our users'
terminals to our gateways. Once a satellite acquires a signal from an end-user, the Globalstar System authenticates the user and
establishes the voice or data channel to complete the call to the public switched telephone network (“PSTN”), a cellular or
another wireless network or the internet for data communications including Commercial IoT. Over the past few years, we have
procured and installed new antennas at our new and existing gateways around the world.
We believe that our network's design enables faster and more cost-effective system maintenance and upgrades because the
system's software and much of its hardware are located on the ground. Our multiple gateways allow us to reconfigure our
system quickly to extend another gateway's coverage to make up for lost coverage from a disabled gateway or to handle
increased call capacity resulting from surges in demand.
Our ground network includes our ground equipment, which uses patented CDMA technology to permit communication to
multiple satellites. Our system architecture provides full frequency re-use. This maximizes satellite diversity (which maximizes
quality) and network capacity as we can reuse the assigned spectrum in every satellite beam in every satellite. In addition, we
have developed a proprietary technology for our SPOT and Commercial IoT services.
Throughout the past few years, we have commenced leases for additional gateways around the world. We also made
significant progress on our initiative to upgrade certain gateway equipment, including new antennas and appliques, to improve
our ability to pursue significant new opportunities to deploy our network assets as technologies and customer needs evolve and
to ensure our network performance continues to excel as these opportunities increase demand on our capacity.
Customers
For our subscriber driven revenue, the specialized needs of our global customers span many industries. As of December 31,
2022, we had approximately 769,000 subscribers worldwide, principally within the following markets: recreation and personal;
government; public safety and disaster relief; oil and gas; maritime and fishing; natural resources, mining and forestry;
construction; utilities; animal tracking; and transportation. In response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, during the first quarter
of 2022, we disconnected satellite services to gateways in Russia that were operated by an independent gateway operator.
Accordingly, approximately 25,000 subscribers that previously received satellite services through these gateways were removed
from our subscriber count. Our subscriber count does not include our Partner's subscribers. Our system is able to offer our
customers cost-effective communications solutions completely independent of cellular coverage. Although traditional users of
wireless telephony and broadband data services have access to these services in developed locations, our customers often
operate, travel and/or live in remote regions or regions with under-developed telecommunications infrastructure where these
services are not readily available or are not provided on a reliable basis. Our top revenue-generating markets in the United
States and Canada are government (including federal, state and local agencies), public safety and disaster relief, oil and gas,
recreation and personal telecommunications. In recent years, the number of Commercial IoT devices on our network has
increased significantly.
In addition to our subscribers, we also provide services to our Partner under the Service Agreements as discussed above in
the Wholesale Capacity Services section. Our FCC license allows us to provide service over our network to up to 250 million
users in the United States. Our subscriber count does not include our Partner's subscribers.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, our Partner under the Service Agreements was responsible for 24% of our revenue
with no other customer responsible for more than 10% of our revenue. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, no
one customer was responsible for more than 10% of our revenue. The loss of a large customer, such as our Partner under the
Service Agreements, could have an adverse impact to our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
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Duplex Two-Way Voice and Data Products
Mobile Voice and Data Satellite Communications Services and Equipment
We provide mobile voice and data services to a variety of commercial, government and individual customers for remote
business continuity, recreational usage, safety, emergency preparedness and response and other applications. We offer our
services for use only with equipment designed to work on our network. Subscribers typically pay an initial activation fee, a
usage fee for a fixed or unlimited number of minutes, and fees for additional services such as voicemail, call forwarding, short
messaging, email, data compression and internet access. We regularly monitor our service offerings and rate plans in
accordance with customer demands and market changes and offer pricing plans such as bundled minutes, annual plans and
unlimited plans.
Although we no longer manufacture the GSP-1600 and GSP-1700 phones, we continue to support services for these
devices. Both phones include Qualcomm Incorporated's ("Qualcomm") patented CDMA technology, which we believe provides
superior voice quality when compared to competitors' handsets.
Product Distribution
Our sales group is responsible for conducting direct sales with key accounts and for managing partner relationships.
Customers also place orders through our existing sales force and through our direct e-commerce website.
SPOT Consumer Retail Products
The SPOT product family has been used to initiate over 9,000 rescues since its launch in 2007. SPOT delivers affordable
and reliable satellite-based connectivity and real-time GPS tracking to hundreds of thousands of users, completely independent
of cellular coverage.
We differentiate ourselves from other MSS providers by offering affordable, high-utility mobile satellite products that
appeal to both businesses and the mainstream consumer market. We believe that we are the only vertically-integrated mobile
satellite company. Our vertical integration results in decreased pre-production costs, greater quality assurance and shorter time
to market for our retail consumer products.
We currently sell SPOT Gen4TM, SPOT X® and SPOT Trace®. SPOT Gen4TM offers enhanced tracking features and is also
water resistant. The product enables users to transmit predefined messages to a specific preprogrammed email address, phone or
data device, including requests for assistance and “SOS” messages in the event of an emergency. SPOT X® is a two-way SPOT
device with keyboard functionality allowing subscribers to send and receive SMS messages. SPOT X® connects to a
smartphone via Bluetooth® wireless technology through the SPOT X® app to send and receive satellite messages. SPOT Trace®
is a cost-effective, anti-theft and asset-tracking device. SPOT Trace® ensures cars, motorcycles, boats, ATVs, snowmobiles and
other valuable assets are where they need to be, notifying owners via email or text anytime movement is detected, using 100%
satellite technology to provide location-based messaging and emergency notification for on or off the grid communications.
We target our SPOT devices to recreational and commercial markets that require personal tracking, emergency location and
messaging solutions that operate beyond the reach of terrestrial wireless and wireline coverage. Using our network and web-
based mapping software, these devices provide consumers with the ability to trace a path geographically or map the location of
individuals or equipment. SPOT products and services are available through our product distribution channels and our direct e-
commerce website.
Product Distribution
We distribute and sell our SPOT products through a variety of distribution channels. We have distribution relationships
with a number of "Big Box" retailers and other similar distribution channels, including Amazon, Bass Pro Shops, Cabela's,
Camping World, REI, Sportsman's Warehouse, Academy and West Marine. We also sell SPOT products and services directly
using our existing sales force and through our direct e-commerce website, www.findmespot.com.
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Commercial IoT Transmission Products
Commercial IoT service is currently a one-way data service from an IoT device over the Globalstar System that can be
used to track and monitor assets. Our subscribers use our Commercial IoT devices for a host of applications: to track assets,
such as cargo containers and rail cars; to monitor utility meters; and to monitor oil and gas assets. At the heart of the
Commercial IoT service is a demodulator and RF interface, called an appliqué, which is located at a gateway and an application
server in our facilities. The appliqué-equipped gateways provide coverage over vast areas of the globe. The small size of the
IoT devices makes them attractive for use in tracking asset shipments, monitoring unattended remote assets, trailer tracking and
mobile security. We provide Commercial IoT services to customers operating in a variety of industries, including primarily
government, transportation, construction, agriculture and forestry. Current users include various governmental agencies, such as
the Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
U.S. Forest Service and U.K. Ministry of Defence, as well as other organizations, such as BP, Shell and The Salvation Army.
We designed our Commercial IoT service to address demand in the market for a small and cost-effective solution for
sending data, such as geographic coordinates, from assets or individuals in remote locations to a central monitoring
station. Customers realize an efficiency advantage from tracking assets on a single global system as compared to several
regional systems.
Satellite Transmitter Modules and Chips
We offer small satellite transmitter modules, such as the STX-3, ST-150 and ST100, and chips, such as our proprietary
ASIC, which enable an integrator’s products to access our network. We have sales arrangements with major resellers to market
our IoT services, including some value-added resellers that integrate our modules into their proprietary solutions designed to
meet certain specialized niche market applications. The STX3 provides additional opportunities to integrate satellite
connectivity into products used for vehicle and asset tracking, remote data reporting and data logger reporting that have limited
size requirements. Affordable pricing, low power consumption and its small size make the STX3 a highly efficient device ready
for integration in a wide variety of applications. The ST100, or ST100 Satellite Transmitter, is a small, lightweight and low
power IoT board with embedded antennas. The ST100 offers a customizable approach to new commercial IoT product
innovations and can be used by simply adding power, a mechanical enclosure and configuring the settings within the device
firmware. For more advanced technical requirements, third parties can write their own firmware on the ST100 and utilize
Bluetooth® wireless technology and the serial connector to expand the use of the board and integrate it with other devices or
hardware. The ASIC provides a single chip one-way solution that can be embedded in a customer's own solution.
SmartOne Asset Managers
We also offer complete products that utilize the STX-3 transmitter module and our ASIC chip. Our Commercial IoT units,
including the enterprise-grade SmartOne family of asset-ready tracking units, are used worldwide by industrial, commercial and
government customers. These products provide cost-effective, low-power, ultra-reliable, secure monitoring that help solve a
variety of security applications and asset tracking challenges. Partnering with existing third party technology providers, we are
developing IoT products to connect existing and new users and accelerate deployment of an expanded Globalstar IoT product
suite.
We also offer SmartOne Solar™, which is solar-powered and supports similar functionality to our SmartOne suite of
products without the need to recharge batteries or line power the device over an expected life of up to ten years. These features
will result in a longer field life than existing devices. Solar-powered devices also take advantage of our network's ability to
support multiple billions of daily transmissions. The SmartOne Solar™ also has unparalleled safety and environmental
certifications including ATEX, IECEx, North America (NEC & CEC), IP68/69K, and HERO.
Realm Enablement Suite
The Realm Enablement Suite is an innovative portfolio of satellite asset tracking hardware and software solutions featuring
a powerful application enablement platform for processing smart data at the edge. With Realm, partners can accelerate new
solutions to market with smart applications that generate an advanced level of telematics data. The Realm Enablement Suite
includes Integrity 150, the first solar-powered, deployment-ready satellite asset tracking device with an application enablement
platform; ST150M, a satellite modem module that drastically simplifies product development; and the Realm application
enablement platform, which will offer tools and an extensive library for quickly accessing and developing smart applications at
the edge for vertical-specific solutions.
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Future Developments
We have other initiatives underway to expand our Commercial IoT offerings, including the development of a two-way
reference design module, which we expect will complete our lineup of competitive product offerings. Operating on our Realm
Enablement Suite, the two-way module and finished product will provide the fundamentals to effectively pursue sales
opportunities with carriers, enterprises, large resellers, system integrators, and any party looking to extend their business
models with satellite connectivity.
Product Distribution
The reseller channel for Commercial IoT equipment and service is comprised primarily of value-added resellers and
commercial communications equipment companies that retain and bill clients directly, outside of our billing system. Many of
our resellers specialize in niche vertical markets where high-use customers are concentrated. We expect that demand for our
Commercial IoT products and services will increase as more applications are developed and deployed that utilize our
technology.
Wholesale Capacity Services
Wholesale satellite capacity services include satellite network access and related services using our satellite spectrum and
network of satellites and gateways.
Engineering and Other
We provide engineering services to assist certain customers in developing new applications to operate on our network and
to enhance our ground network. These services include hardware and software designs to develop specific applications
operating over our network, as well as the installation of gateways and antennas.
Spectrum and Regulatory Structure
We benefit from a worldwide allocation of radio frequency spectrum in the international radio frequency tables
administered by the International Telecommunications Union (“ITU”). Access to this globally harmonized spectrum enables us
to design satellites, networks and terrestrial infrastructure enhancements more cost effectively because the products and services
can be deployed and sold worldwide. In addition, this broad spectrum assignment enhances our ability to capitalize on existing
and emerging wireless and broadband applications.
Satellite Network
In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") has authorized us to operate between 1610-
1618.725 MHz for “Uplink” communications from mobile earth terminals to our satellites and between 2483.5-2500 MHz for
“Downlink” communications from our satellites to our mobile earth terminals. The FCC has also authorized us to operate our
domestic gateways with our first and second-generation satellites in the 5091-5250 and 6875-7055 MHz bands.
We licensed and registered our second-generation satellites in France. We also obtained all authorizations necessary from
the FCC to operate our domestic gateways with our second-generation satellites. In accordance with our authorization to
operate the second-generation satellites, we completed the enhancements to the existing gateway operations in Aussaguel,
France to include satellite operations and control functions. We have redundant satellite operation control facilities in
Covington, Louisiana, Milpitas, California and Aussaguel, France.
During 2020, our French authorizations to provide MSS and operate the gateway in Aussaguel, France were renewed for an
additional 10-year term. We have also filed applications in both Germany and France to operate a substantially larger satellite
constellation than we have today; these applications have been accepted by the ITU and have an established date.
Terrestrial Authority for Globalstar's Licensed 2.4 GHz Spectrum
In December 2016, the FCC unanimously adopted a Report and Order permitting us to seek modification of our existing
MSS licenses to provide terrestrial broadband services over 11.5 MHz of our licensed Mobile Satellite Services spectrum at
2483.5 to 2495 MHz throughout the United States of America and its Territories. In August 2017, the FCC modified
Globalstar's MSS licenses, granting us authority to provide terrestrial broadband services over the 11.5 MHz portion of our
licensed MSS spectrum. Specifically, the FCC modified our space station authorization and our blanket mobile earth station
license to permit a terrestrial network using 11.5 MHz of our licensed mobile-satellite service spectrum.
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In December 2018, we successfully completed the Third Generation Partnership Project (“3GPP”) standardization process
for the 11.5 MHz of our licensed MSS spectrum terrestrially authorized by the FCC. The 3GPP designated the band as Band 53.
Additionally, in March 2020, we announced that the 3GPP approved the 5G variant of our Band 53, which is known as n53.
This new band class provides a pathway for our terrestrial spectrum to be integrated into handset and infrastructure ecosystems.
Additional follow-on 3GPP specifications and approvals are expected in the future. During 2019, we executed a spectrum
manager lease agreement with Nokia in order to permit Nokia to utilize Band 53 within its equipment domestically and have
such equipment type-certified for sale and deployment.
In February 2021, Qualcomm Technologies announced its new Snapdragon X65 modem-RF System, which includes
support for Band n53. By having global 5G band support for n53 in Qualcomm Technologies’ 5G solutions, our potential
device ecosystem expands significantly to include the most popular smartphones, laptops, tablets, automated equipment and
other IoT modules. In September 2022, we announced the Service Agreements, which require Partner to enable Band 53/n53
for use in cellular-enabled devices designated by Partner for use with the Services, subject to certain terms and conditions; we
believe this inclusion significantly enhances the device ecosystem for Band 53/n53.
We believe our MSS spectrum position provides potential for harmonized terrestrial authority across many international
regulatory domains and have been seeking approvals in various international jurisdictions. To date, we have received additional
terrestrial authorizations in various countries including Brazil, Canada and South Africa, among others. We expect this global
effort to continue for the foreseeable future while we seek additional terrestrial approvals to internationally harmonize our S-
band spectrum across the entire 16.5 MHz authority for terrestrial mobile broadband services.
We expect our terrestrial authority will allow future partners to develop high-density dedicated networks using the TD-LTE
and 5G protocols for private networks as well as the densification of cellular networks. We believe that our offering has
competitive advantages over other conventional commercial spectrum allocations. Such other allocations must meet minimum
population coverage requirements, which effectively prohibit the exclusive use of most carrier spectrum for dedicated small cell
deployments. In addition, low frequency carrier spectrum is not physically well suited to high-density small cell topologies, and
mmWave spectrum is subject to range and attenuation limitations. We believe that our licensed 2.4 GHz band holds physical,
regulatory and ecosystem qualities that distinguishes it from other current and anticipated allocations, and that it is well
positioned to balance favorable range, capacity and attenuation characteristics.
Industry
We compete in the MSS sector of the global communications industry. MSS operators provide voice and data services
using a network of one or more satellites and associated ground facilities. Mobile satellite services are usually complementary
to other forms of terrestrial communications services and infrastructure and are intended to allow for connectivity beyond the
reach of cellular. Customers typically use satellite voice and data communications in situations where existing terrestrial
wireline and wireless communications networks are impaired or do not exist.
Government organizations, military, natural disaster aid associations, event-driven response agencies and corporate security
teams across the world depend on mobile and fixed voice and data communications services on a regular basis. Businesses with
global operations require communications services when operating in remote locations. MSS users span the forestry, maritime,
government, oil and gas, mining, leisure, emergency services, construction and transportation sectors, among others.
Over the past two decades, the global MSS market has experienced significant growth. Increasingly, better-tailored,
improved technology products and services are creating new channels of demand. Growth in demand for mobile satellite
services is driven by the declining cost of these services, the diminishing size and lower cost of the devices, as well as
heightened demand by governments, businesses and individuals for ubiquitous global voice and data coverage. Growth in
mobile satellite data services is driven by the rollout of new applications requiring higher bandwidth, as well as low-cost data
collection and asset-tracking devices and technological improvements permitting integration of mobile satellite services over
smartphones and other Wi-Fi enabled devices.
Communications industry sectors that are relevant to our business include:
• MSS, which provide customers with connectivity to mobile and fixed devices using a network of satellites and ground
•
•
facilities;
fixed satellite services, which use geostationary satellites to provide customers with voice and broadband
communications links between fixed points on the earth's surface; and
terrestrial services, which use a terrestrial network to provide wireless or wireline connectivity and are complementary
to satellite services.
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Additionally, the emergence of satellite to cellular technology has brought with it an increased number of satellite providers
working in collaboration with mobile providers to extend smart phone messaging capability.
Within the major satellite sectors, fixed and MSS operators differ significantly from each other. Fixed satellite services
providers, such as Intelsat Ltd., Eutelsat Communications and SES S.A., and aperture terminal companies, such as Hughes and
Gilat Satellite Networks, are characterized by large, often stationary or "fixed," ground terminals that send and receive high-
bandwidth signals to and from the satellite network for video and high speed data customers and international telephone
markets. On the other hand, MSS providers, such as Globalstar, ORBCOMM, Inmarsat PLC (“Inmarsat”) and Iridium
Communications Inc. (“Iridium”), focus more on voice and/or data services (including data services which track the location of
remote assets such as shipping containers), where mobility or small-sized terminals are essential. As mobile satellite terminals
begin to offer higher bandwidth to support a wider range of applications, we expect MSS operators will increasingly compete
with fixed satellite services operators.
LEO systems reduce transmission delay compared to a geosynchronous system due to the shorter distance signals have to
travel. In addition, LEO systems are less prone to signal blockage and, consequently, we believe provide a better overall quality
of service.
We are also a provider of licensed wireless spectrum for use in terrestrial networks. As more and more devices are
connected wirelessly and as their applications increase in bandwidth intensity, more terrestrial spectrum is required. In the
United States, there are a number of other current licensed spectrum providers, including Anterix, Nextwave and Terrastar as
well as various other licensed spectrum holders. We also provide an alternative to unlicensed spectrum used with Wi-Fi or
lightly licensed spectrum like CBRS.
Each spectrum band is unique due to its propagation or ecosystem development; accordingly, some bands suit needs that
others may not. Our spectrum band offers partners an international resource that has a robust and growing ecosystem.
Competition
The global communications industry is highly competitive. We currently face substantial competition from other service
providers that offer a range of mobile and fixed communications options. Our most direct competition comes from other global
MSS providers. Our largest global competitors are ORBCOMM, Inmarsat and Iridium. We compete primarily on the basis of
coverage, quality, portability and pricing of services and products. In recent years, advancements in technology have also
encouraged non-traditional companies to enter the market.
Inmarsat owns and operates a fleet of geostationary satellites. Due to its multiple-satellite geostationary system, Inmarsat's
coverage area extends to and covers most bodies of water more completely than our system. Accordingly, Inmarsat is the
leading provider of satellite communications services to the maritime sector. Inmarsat also offers global land-based and
aeronautical communications services. We compete with Inmarsat in several key areas, particularly in our maritime
markets. Inmarsat markets mobile handsets designed to compete with both Iridium’s mobile handset service and our GSP-1700
handset service.
Iridium owns and operates a fleet of low earth orbit satellites. Iridium provides voice and data communications to
businesses, the United States government as well as foreign governments, non-governmental organizations and consumers.
Iridium markets products and services that are similar to those marketed by us. Additionally, Garmin's inReach devices provide
two-way tracking with SOS capabilities, Honeywell Global Tracking has a personal tracking unit that enables a smartphone
with satellite tracking and messaging capabilities and Somewear has a satellite hotspot; these products work on Iridium's
satellite network.
ORBCOMM owns and operates a fleet of low earth orbit satellites. ORBCOMM primarily provides asset tracking,
monitoring and control solutions for its customers in the IoT market, which directly compete with our IoT products and
services.
We compete with regional mobile satellite communications services in several markets. In these cases, our competitors
serve customers who require regional, not global, mobile voice and data services, so our competitors present a viable alternative
to our services in certain markets. All of these competitors operate geostationary satellites. Our principal regional MSS
competitor in the Middle East and Africa is Thuraya.
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Our direct to device service also faces competition from newly announced service providers, including SpaceX, Iridium
and a number of new market entrants. While our service is currently the most robust service providing satellite capabilities to
smartphones, other satellite service providers are expected to provide similar satellite services in the near-term to competitive
smartphone devices.
In some of our markets, such as rural telephony, we compete directly or indirectly with very small aperture terminal
(“VSAT”) operators that offer communications services through private networks using very small aperture terminals or hybrid
systems to target business users. VSAT operators have become increasingly competitive due to technological advances that
have resulted in smaller, more flexible and less expensive terminals.
We compete indirectly with terrestrial wireline (“landline”) and wireless communications networks. We provide service in
areas that are inadequately covered by these ground systems. To the extent that terrestrial communications companies invest in
underdeveloped areas, we will face increased competition in those areas.
Our SPOT products compete indirectly with Personal Locator Beacons (“PLBs”). A variety of manufacturers offer PLBs to
industry specifications.
Our industry has significant barriers to entry, including the cost and difficulty associated with obtaining spectrum licenses
and successfully building and launching a satellite and ground network. In addition to cost, there is a significant amount of
lead-time associated with obtaining the required licenses, designing and building the satellite constellation and synchronizing
the network technology.
For terrestrial spectrum opportunities, our primary competition is other licensed and unlicensed spectrum alternatives and,
to a lesser extent, lightly licensed bands. Anterix, a licensed spectrum holder, is also a successful competitor for use cases that
require low data over longer distances. We may be able to address certain of these use cases with spectrum provided by our
satellite network.
Governmental Regulations
Please refer to Item 1A: Risk Factors - "Risks Related to Government Regulations" for further discussion of the impact of
governmental regulations on our business.
United States International Traffic in Arms Regulations and United States Export Administration Regulations
The United States International Traffic in Arms regulations under the United States Arms Export Control Act authorize the
President of the United States to control the export and import of articles and services that can be used in the production of
arms. The President has delegated this authority to the U.S. Department of State, Directorate of Defense Trade Controls. United
States Export Administration Regulations enforced by the United States Bureau of Industry and Security, as well as regulations
enforced by the United States Office of Foreign Assets Control regulate the export of certain products, services, and associated
technical data. Among other things, these regulations limit the ability to export certain articles and related technical data to
certain nations. Some information involved in the performance of our operations falls within the scope of these regulations. As
a result, we may have to obtain an export authorization or restrict access to that information by international companies that are
our vendors or service providers. We have received and expect to continue to receive export licenses for covered articles and
technical data shared with approved parties outside the United States. We also are subject to restrictions related to transactions
with persons subject to United States or foreign sanctions. These regulations, enforced by the United States Office of Foreign
Assets Control, limit our ability to offer services and equipment to certain parties or in certain areas.
Environmental Matters
We are subject to various laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment and human health and safety
(including those governing the management, storage and disposal of hazardous materials). Some of our operations require
continuous power supply. As a result, current and historical operations at our ground facilities, including our gateways, include
storing fuels and batteries, which may contain hazardous materials, to power back-up generators. As an owner or operator of
property and in connection with our current and historical operations, we could incur significant costs, including cleanup costs,
fines, sanctions and third-party claims, as a result of violations of or in connection with liabilities under environmental laws and
regulations.
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Foreign Operations
We supply services and products to a number of foreign customers. Although most of our sales are denominated in U.S.
dollars, we are exposed to currency risk for sales in Canada, Europe, Brazil and various other countries. In 2022, approximately
27% of our sales were generated in foreign countries, which generally are denominated in local currencies. See Note 2:
Revenue in the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding revenue by country. For more
information about our exposure to risks related to foreign locations, see Item 1A: Risk Factors - "We face special risks by doing
business in international markets and developing markets, including currency and expropriation risks, which could increase
our costs or reduce our revenues in these areas."
Intellectual Property
We hold various U.S. and foreign patents and patents pending that expire between 2023 and 2039. These patents cover
many aspects of our satellite system, our global network and our user terminals. In recent years, we have reduced our foreign
filings and decided to allow some previously granted foreign patents to lapse based on (a) the relative significance of the patent,
(b) our assessment of the likelihood that someone would infringe in the foreign country, and (c) the probability that we could or
would enforce the patent in light of the expense of filing and maintaining the foreign patent which, in some countries, is quite
substantial. We continue to maintain all of the patents in the United States, Canada and Europe that we believe are important to
our business. Our intellectual property is pledged as security for our obligations under our credit facility agreement we entered
into in 2019 (the "2019 Facility Agreement").
Human Capital
As of December 31, 2022, we had 332 employees in fourteen countries around the world; 22 of our employees were
located in Brazil and subject to collective bargaining agreements. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good.
We are an equal opportunity employer and comply with labor and employment laws in all of the countries in which we operate.
Our compensation and benefit packages are designed to attract and retain employees and were developed using market
research. We attract employees through various platforms, such as online job portals, recruiters, in-person job fairs, local
universities and employee referrals. Salaries are competitive and based on job position, physical location, experience and skills.
In addition to base salary, certain employees participate in longer-term incentive programs, which include awards of stock-
based compensation. Our benefits packages include, but are not limited to, health insurance, a retirement plan, an employee
stock purchase plan, flexible spending accounts, life and accidental injury insurance, long- and short-term disability, and paid
time off for holidays, vacation, personal choice holidays, sick time and parental leave.
We also encourage training and development through Globalstar University, which is an online platform that hosts a variety
of training programs ranging from leadership and management programs to technical, on the job training. Employee
engagement is also important for us, and includes an interactive wellness program, corporate communications and employee
surveys. Our commitment to diversity and inclusion is part of our worldwide culture, which our employees confirmed in our
most recent employee survey as "Diversity and Inclusion" continues to be one of the highest rated culture categories.
In response to COVID-19 mitigation measures, we remain focused on the health and safety of our employees. We continue
to support hybrid working arrangements and accommodate flexible work schedules, as needed.
Seasonality
Usage on the network and, to some extent, sales are subject to seasonal and situational changes. April through October are
typically our peak months for usage-based service revenues and equipment sales. We also experience event-driven revenue
fluctuations in our business. Most notably, emergencies, natural disasters and other sizable projects where satellite-based
communications devices are the only solution may generate an increase in revenue. In the consumer area, SPOT devices sales
are influenced by outdoor and leisure activity opportunities, as well as our holiday promotions.
Services and Equipment
Sales of services accounted for approximately 89%, 85% and 88% of our total revenues for 2022, 2021, and 2020,
respectively. We also sell the related voice and data equipment to our customers, which accounted for approximately 11%, 15%
and 12% of our total revenues for 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
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Global Chip Shortage
In recent years, the global chip shortage has negatively impacted our manufacturing processes, including causing delays in
and increased costs of sourcing certain component parts. We have mitigated some of the impact of these shortages through
strategic changes in our manufacturing process and supply chain.
Additional Information
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the “SEC”). The SEC maintains an internet site that contains annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy and
information statements and other information that issuers (including Globalstar) file electronically with the SEC. Our electronic
SEC filings are available to the public at the SEC's internet site, www.sec.gov.
We make available free of charge financial information, news releases, SEC filings, including our annual report on Form
10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports on our website at
www.globalstar.com as soon as reasonably practical after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The
documents available on, and the contents of, our website are not incorporated by reference into this Report.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as all of the information in this Report and all of the other
reports we file from time to time with the SEC, in evaluating and understanding us and our business. Additional risks not
presently known or that we currently deem immaterial may also impact our business operations and the risks identified in this
Report may adversely affect our business in ways we do not currently anticipate. Our business, financial condition or results of
operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks.
Risks Related to Our Business
Revenue under the Service Agreements constitutes a substantial portion of our current revenues, and there is no
assurance that we will receive the revenue expected under the Service Agreements.
The Service Agreements contributed approximately 24% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022. The
Service Agreements impose a number of substantial obligations on us, provide for certain of our fees to be payable only upon
satisfaction of the conditions therein and are terminable by each party. It is possible that we may fail to meet these obligations,
that the conditions to the payment of such fees may not be satisfied, that our Partner's products that employ the Services will
not succeed or that the Service Agreements may be terminated. If any of these events were to occur, we would not receive the
revenues we currently expect to receive under the Service Agreements, which could materially and adversely affect our
business and results of operations.
If we experience operational disruptions with respect to our gateways or operations center, we may not be able to
provide service to our customers.
Our satellite network traffic is supported by our gateways located around the globe. We operate our satellite constellation
from our Network Operations Control Centers at three locations (France, California and Louisiana) to provide geo-redundancy
and ongoing coverage. Our gateway facilities are subject to the risk of significant malfunctions or catastrophic loss due to
unanticipated events and would be difficult to replace or repair and could require substantial lead-time to do so. In North
America, we have implemented contingency coverage which allows neighboring gateways to provide services in the event of a
gateway failure. Material changes in the operation of these facilities may be subject to prior FCC approval, and the FCC might
not give such approval or may subject the approval to other conditions that could be unfavorable to our business. Our gateways
and operations centers may also experience service shutdowns or periods of reduced service in the future as a result of
equipment failure, delays in deliveries, regulatory issues or routine system testing. Equipment failures would impede our ability
to provide service to our customers, which could have a material impact on our business.
The actual orbital lives of our satellites may be shorter than we anticipate, and we may be required to reduce available
capacity on our satellite network prior to the end of their orbital lives.
Although we designed our second-generation satellites to provide commercial service over a 15-year life, we can provide
no assurance as to whether any or all of them will continue in operation for their full 15-year design life. A number of factors
will affect the actual commercial service lives of each satellite, including:
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the amount of propellant used in maintaining the satellite's orbital location or relocating the satellite to a new orbital
location (and, for a newly-launched satellite, the amount of propellant used during orbit raising following launch);
the durability and quality of its construction;
the performance of its components;
hazards and conditions in space such as solar flares and space debris;
operational considerations, including operational failures and other anomalies; and
changes in technology which may make all or a portion of our satellite fleet obsolete.
It is possible that the actual orbital lives of one or more of our existing satellites may be shorter than originally anticipated.
Further, it is possible that the total available payload capacity of a satellite may need to be reduced prior to the satellite reaching
its end-of-orbital life. We periodically review the expected orbital life of each of our satellites using current engineering data. A
reduction in the orbital life of any of our satellites could result in a reduction of revenue, the recognition of an impairment loss
and an acceleration of capital expenditures. The potential impact on our revenue from a reduction in the orbital life of one or
more satellites may vary depending on the satellite's orbital location as well as the type of device and service a customer is
using.
Our satellites may collide with space debris which could adversely affect the performance of our constellation.
Our ability to maneuver our satellites to avoid potential collisions with space debris is limited by, among other factors,
uncertainties and inaccuracies in the projected orbit location of, and predicted conjunctions with, debris objects tracked and
cataloged by the U.S. government. Some space debris is too small to be tracked, and therefore its orbital location is completely
unknown. Debris that cannot be tracked is still large enough to potentially cause severe damage to or failure of one of our
satellites should a collision occur. If our constellation experiences satellite collisions with space debris, our service could be
impaired. Any such collision could potentially expose us to significant losses.
A natural disaster could diminish our ability to provide communications service.
Natural disasters could damage or destroy our ground stations and disrupt service to our customers. In addition, the
collateral effects of disasters such as flooding may impair, damage or destroy our ground equipment. If a natural disaster were
to impair, damage or destroy any of our ground facilities, we may be rendered unable to provide service to our customers in the
affected area, either temporarily or indefinitely. Even if our gateways are not affected by natural disasters, our service could be
disrupted if a natural disaster damages the public switch telephone network, terrestrial wireless networks or our ability to
connect to the public switch telephone network or terrestrial wireless networks. Additionally, there are inherent dangers and risk
associated with our satellite operations, including the risk of increased radiation. Any such failures or service disruptions could
harm our business and results of operations.
The implementation of our business plan and our ability to generate income from operations assume we are able to
maintain a healthy constellation and ground network capable of providing commercially acceptable levels of coverage
and service quality, which are contingent on a number of factors.
Our products and services are subject to the risks inherent in relying on a large-scale, complex telecommunications system
employing advanced technology. Any disruption to our satellites, services, information systems or telecommunications
infrastructure could result in degrading or disrupting services to our customers for an indeterminate period of time.
Satellites utilize highly complex technology and operate in the harsh environment of space and therefore are subject to
significant operational risks while in orbit. Our satellites may experience temporary outages or otherwise may not be fully
functioning at any given time. There are some remote tools we use to remedy certain types of problems affecting the
performance of our satellites, but the physical repair of satellites in space is not feasible. We do not insure our satellites against
in-orbit failures after an initial period of six months, whether the failures are caused by internal or external factors. In-orbit
failure may result from various causes, including component failure, solar array failures, telemetry transmitter failures, loss of
power or fuel, inability to control positioning of the satellite, solar or other astronomical events, including solar radiation and
flares, and collision with space debris or other satellites. These failures are commonly referred to as anomalies. Some of our
satellites have had malfunctions and other anomalies in the past and may have anomalies in the future. Anomalies may occur,
for reasons described above or arising from the failure of other systems or components, and intrasatellite redundancy may not
be available upon the occurrence of such anomalies. There can be no assurance that, in these cases, it will be possible to restore
normal operations. Where service cannot be restored, the failure could cause the satellite to have less capacity available for
service, to suffer performance degradation or to cease operating prematurely, either in whole or in part. We cannot guarantee
that we could successfully develop and implement a solution if one of these anomalies occurs.
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In addition, satellites are particularly vulnerable to loss and malfunction at the time they are launched and deployed into
orbit, and some of our competitors have experienced catastrophic losses of substantial numbers of satellites in connection with
launch and deployment. While we typically obtain launch insurance to mitigate the risk of such a loss, such insurance would
not cover all our economic losses if we experienced such an event, and there would be a substantial delay before we could
obtain satellites to replace the ones we lost. Accordingly, a loss of a significant number of our new satellites at launch or
deployment could adversely affect our ability to continue to provide our existing satellite services and may cause us to lose
opportunities to use our constellation to provide new services. Additionally, human operators may execute improper
implementation commands that may negatively impact a satellite's performance.
If a satellite fails prior to the end of its estimated useful life, we record an impairment charge in our statement of operations
to reduce the remaining net book value of that satellite to zero; any such impairment charges could depress our net income (or
increase our net loss) for the period in which the failure occurs.
The implementation of our business plan depends on increased demand for wireless communications services via
satellite (including IoT applications) and via terrestrial mobile broadband networks, both for our existing services and
products and for new services and products.
We plan to introduce new products and services that work over our network as well as terrestrial mobile broadband
services. However, demand for wireless communication services may not grow, or may decrease, either generally or in
particular geographic markets, for particular types of services or during particular time periods. A lack of demand could impair
our ability to sell our services, could exert downward pressure on prices, or both. This, in turn, could decrease our revenue and
profitability and adversely affect our ability to increase our revenue and profitability over time.
The success of our business plan will depend on a number of factors, including but not limited to:
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our ability to maintain the health, capacity and control of our satellites;
our ability to maintain the health of our ground network;
our ability to influence the level of market acceptance and demand for our products and services;
our ability to introduce new products and services that meet this market demand;
our ability to retain current customers and obtain new customers;
our ability to obtain additional business using our existing and future spectrum authority both in the United States and
internationally;
our ability to control the costs of developing an integrated network providing related products and services, as well as
our future terrestrial mobile broadband services;
our ability to market successfully our products and services;
our ability to develop and deploy innovative network management techniques to permit mobile devices to transition
between satellite and terrestrial modes;
the cost and availability of user equipment that operates on our network;
the effectiveness of our competitors in developing and offering similar products and services;
our ability to successfully predict market trends;
our ability to hire and retain qualified executives, managers and employees;
our ability to provide attractive service offerings at competitive prices to our target markets; and
our ability to raise additional capital on acceptable terms when required.
Rapid and significant technological changes in the satellite communications industry may impair our competitive
position and require us to make significant capital expenditures, which may require additional capital that has not been
arranged.
The space and communications industries are subject to rapid advances and innovations in technology. New technology
could render our system obsolete or less competitive by satisfying consumer demand in more attractive ways or through the
introduction of incompatible standards. Particular technological developments that could adversely affect us include the
deployment by our competitors of new satellites with greater power, flexibility, efficiency or capabilities, as well as continuing
improvements in terrestrial wireless technologies. We must continue to keep up with technological changes and remain
competitive. Customer acceptance of the services and products that we offer will continually be affected by the technology in
our product and service offerings relative to competitive offerings. New technologies may be protected by patents and therefore
may not be available to us. We expect to face competition from companies using new technologies and new satellite systems.
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The hardware and software we utilize in operating our first-generation gateways were designed and manufactured over 20
years ago and portions have deteriorated. This original equipment may become less reliable as it ages and will be more difficult
and expensive to service. It may be difficult or impossible to obtain all necessary replacement parts for the hardware before the
new equipment and software is fully deployed. Some of the hardware and software we use in operating our gateways are
significantly customized and tailored to meet our requirements and specifications and could be difficult and expensive to
service, upgrade or replace. Although we maintain inventories of some spare parts, it nonetheless may be difficult, expensive or
impossible to obtain replacement parts for our hardware due to a limited number of parts being manufactured to our
requirements and specifications. In addition, our business plan contemplates updating or replacing some of the hardware and
software in our network as technology advances, but the complexity of our requirements and specifications may present us with
technical and operational challenges that complicate or otherwise make it expensive or infeasible to carry out such upgrades
and replacements. If we are not able to suitably service, upgrade or replace our equipment, it could harm our ability to provide
our services and generate revenue.
We face intense competition in all of our markets, which could result in a loss of customers, lower revenues and
difficulty entering new markets.
Satellite-based Competitors
There are currently at least four other MSS operators providing services similar to ours on a global or regional basis:
Iridium, Thuraya, Inmarsat and ORBCOMM Inc. Recently, the FCC partially approved SpaceX's application to launch a
portion of its satellite constellation. The provision of satellite-based products and services is subject to downward price pressure
when the capacity exceeds demand or as new competitors enter the marketplace with competitive pricing strategies. We also
face competition with respect to network coverage and market share in specialized industries, such as maritime and
governmental.
Other providers of satellite-based products could introduce their own products similar to our SPOT, Commercial IoT or
Duplex products, which may materially adversely affect our business plan and sales volume. In addition, we may face
competition from new competitors or new technologies. Many companies target the same customers, and we may not be able to
successfully retain our existing customers or attract new customers. As a result, we may not grow our customer base and
revenue.
Additionally, in connection with the Service Agreements, our direct to device service, also faces competition from other
satellite service providers that are expected to provide similar satellite services to competitive smartphone devices.
Terrestrial Competitors
In addition to our satellite-based competitors, terrestrial wireless voice and data service providers are continuing to expand
into rural and remote areas, particularly in less developed countries. They provide the same general types of services and
products that we provide through our satellite-based system. Many of these companies have greater resources, more name
recognition and newer technologies than we do. Industry consolidation could adversely affect us by increasing the scale or
scope of our competitors and thereby making it more difficult for us to compete. We could lose market share and revenue as a
result of increasing competition from land-based communication service providers.
Although satellite communications services and ground-based communications services are not identical, the two compete
in similar markets with similar services. Consumers may perceive cellular voice communication products and services as
cheaper and more convenient than satellite-based products and services.
Terrestrial Broadband Network Competitors
We also expect to compete with a number of other satellite companies that plan to develop terrestrial networks that utilize
their MSS spectrum. DISH Network received FCC approval to offer terrestrial wireless services over the MSS spectrum that
previously belonged to TerreStar and ICO Global. Furthermore, Ligado Networks (formerly LightSquared) also received FCC
approval to build out a wireless network utilizing its MSS spectrum. Any of these competitors could deploy terrestrial mobile
broadband networks before we do, could combine with existing terrestrial networks that provide them with greater financial or
operational flexibility than we have or could offer wireless services, including mobile broadband services, that customers prefer
over ours.
Other Spectrum Owners
In the United States, our terrestrial spectrum efforts will compete with other terrestrial spectrum holders including Anterix,
Nextwave and holders to CBRS licenses. The government may also unlock new spectrum bands.
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Uncertain global macro-economic and political conditions could materially adversely affect our results of operations and
financial condition.
Our results of operations are materially affected by economic and political conditions in the United States and
internationally, including inflation, deflation, interest rates, recession, availability of capital, energy and commodity prices,
trade laws and the effects of governmental initiatives to manage economic conditions. Current or potential customers may delay
or decrease spending on our products and services as their business and/or budgets are impacted by economic conditions. The
inability of current and potential customers to pay us for our products and services may adversely affect our earnings and cash
flows. In addition, deterioration of conditions in worldwide credit markets could limit our ability to obtain financing to fund our
operations and capital expenditures.
The current invasion of Ukraine by Russia has escalated tensions among the United States, the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (“NATO”) and Russia. The United States and other NATO member states, as well as non-member states, have
announced new sanctions against Russia and certain Russian banks, enterprises and individuals. These and any future additional
sanctions and any resulting conflict between Russia, the United States and NATO countries could have an adverse impact on
our current operations.
Further, such invasion, ongoing military conflict, resulting sanctions and related countermeasures by NATO states, the
United States and other countries are likely to lead to market disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices,
credit and capital markets, as well as supply chain interruptions for equipment, which could have an adverse impact on our
operations and financial performance.
Volatility in the financial markets may impede our ability to access capital markets and may adversely affect our
financial condition.
Our Service Agreements with Partner require us to raise additional financing, such as to refinance our 2019 Facility
Agreement. Turmoil in the capital markets, including the tightening of credit and increased interest rates, have impacted, and
may continue to impact in the future, our ability to raise financing on terms and at a cost favorable to the Company. We are, and
may be again in the future, required to raise capital during a weak economy, and have little flexibility to wait for more favorable
terms or economic conditions. We are likely to face higher borrowing costs, less available capital, more stringent terms and
tighter covenants. Such unfavorable market conditions could have an adverse impact on our ability to fund our operations and
capital expenditures in the future, including our obligations under the Service Agreements and the satellite procurement
agreement with MDA. Any adverse change in the terms of our financing, including increased costs, could have a negative
impact on our financial condition.
Lack of availability of components from the electronics industry, required in our retail products, gateways and satellites
could delay or adversely impact our operations.
We rely upon the availability of components, materials and component parts from the electronics industry. The electronics
industry is subject to occasional shortages in parts availability depending on fluctuations in supply and demand. Industry
shortages may result in delayed shipments of materials or increased prices, or both. As a consequence, elements of our
operation which use electronic parts, such as our retail products, gateways and satellites, could be subject to disruptions, cost
increases or both. Recent disruptions in the global supply chain have limited our ability to procure component parts timely and
at reasonable prices. During 2022, supply chain disruptions and production issues negatively impacted our ability to sell our
most popular SPOT and Commercial IoT products. We continue to fulfill customer orders, including the sell-through of safety
stock, and maintain adequate margins on subscriber equipment sales as well as maintain our gateways; however the continued
impact of global component part shortages is unknown and may continue to adversely impact our business, financial condition
and results of operations.
Our business is capital intensive. We may not be able to raise adequate capital to finance our business strategies, or we
may be able to do so only on terms that significantly restrict our ability to operate our business.
Implementation of our longer-term business strategy requires a substantial outlay of capital. As we pursue business
strategies and seek to respond to developments in our business and opportunities and trends in our industry, our actual capital
expenditures may differ from our expected capital expenditures. There can be no assurance that we will be able to satisfy our
capital requirements in the future. In addition, if one of our satellites failed unexpectedly, there can be no assurance of insurance
recovery for our losses or the timing thereof, and we may need to obtain additional financing to replace the satellite. When we
determine we need to obtain additional funds through external financing and are unable to do so on terms and conditions we
determine favorable to us or at all, we may be prevented from fully implementing our business strategy.
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If we do not develop, acquire and maintain proprietary information and intellectual property rights, it could limit the
growth of our business and reduce our market share.
Our business depends on technical knowledge, and we base our business plan in part on our ability to keep up with new
technological developments and incorporate them in our products and services. We own or have the right to use our patents,
work products, inventions, designs, software, systems and similar know-how. Our proprietary information may be disclosed to
others, or others may independently develop similar information, systems and know-how.
Protection of our information, systems and know-how may result in litigation, the cost of which could be substantial. Third
parties may assert claims that our products or services infringe on their proprietary rights. Any such claims, if made, may
prevent or limit our sales of products or services or increase our costs. Defending intellectual property suits is both costly and
time-consuming and, even if ultimately successful, may divert management's attention from other business concerns. An
adverse determination in litigation to which we may become a party could, among other things:
• subject us to significant liabilities to third parties, including treble damages;
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require disputed rights to be licensed from a third party for royalties that may be substantial;
require us to cease using technology that is important to our business; or
• prohibit us from selling some or all of our products or offering some or all of our services.
We face special risks by doing business in international markets and developing markets, including currency and
expropriation risks, which could increase our costs or reduce our revenues in these areas.
Although our most economically important geographic markets currently are the United States and Canada, we have
substantial markets for our mobile satellite services in, and our business plan includes, developing countries or regions that are
underserved by existing telecommunications systems, such as rural Brazil, Central America, Argentina and Africa. Developing
countries are more likely than industrialized countries to experience market, currency and interest rate fluctuations and high
inflation. In addition, these countries present risks relating to government policy, price, wage and exchange controls, social
instability, expropriation and other adverse economic, political and diplomatic conditions.
Conducting operations outside the United States involves numerous special risks and expanding our international
operations would increase these risks. These risks include, but are not limited to:
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difficulties in penetrating new markets due to established and entrenched competitors;
difficulties in developing products and services that are tailored to the needs of local customers;
lack of local acceptance or knowledge of our products and services;
unavailability of or difficulties in establishing relationships with distributors;
significant investments, including the development and deployment of gateways in countries that require them to
connect the traffic coming to and from their territory;
instability of international economies and governments;
changes in laws and policies affecting trade and investment in other jurisdictions;
noncompliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA"), UK Bribery Act, sanctions laws and export controls;
exposure to varying legal standards in other jurisdictions, including intellectual property protection and other similar
laws and regulations;
difficulties in obtaining required regulatory authorizations;
difficulties in enforcing legal rights in other jurisdictions;
variations in local domestic ownership requirements;
requirements that operational activities be performed in-country;
changing and conflicting national and local regulatory requirements; and
uncertainty in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange controls.
These risks could affect our ability to compete successfully and expand internationally. To the extent that the prices for our
products and services are denominated in U.S. dollars, any appreciation of the U.S. dollar against other currencies will increase
the cost of our products and services to our international customers and, as a result, may reduce the competitiveness of our
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international offerings and make it more difficult for us to grow internationally. Limited availability of U.S. currency in some
local markets or governmental controls on the export of currency may prevent our customers from making payments in U.S.
dollars or delay the availability of payment due to foreign bank currency processing and controls.
Our operations involve transactions in a variety of currencies. Sales denominated in foreign currencies involve primarily
the Canadian dollar, the euro and the Brazilian real. Accordingly, our operating results may be significantly affected by
fluctuations in the exchange rates for these currencies. Approximately 27% and 31% of our total revenue was to customers
primarily located in Canada, Europe, Central America, and South America during 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our results of
operations for 2022 and 2021 included net losses of approximately $6.6 million and net losses of $6.3 million, respectively, on
foreign currency transactions. We may be unable to offset unfavorable currency movements as they adversely affect our
revenue and expenses. Our inability to do so could have a substantial negative impact on our operating results and cash flows.
Our global operations expose us to trade and economic sanctions, other restrictions, liabilities and exposure to penalties
imposed by the United States, the European Union and other governments and organizations.
The U.S. Departments of Justice, Commerce, State and Treasury and other federal agencies and authorities have a broad
range of civil and criminal penalties they may seek to impose against corporations and individuals for violations of economic
sanctions laws, export control laws, FCPA and other federal statutes and regulations, including those established by the Office
of Foreign Assets Control ("OFAC"). Under these laws and regulations, as well as other anti-corruption laws, anti-money-
laundering laws, export control laws, customs laws, sanctions laws and other laws governing our operations, various
government agencies require export licenses. They may seek to impose modifications to business practices, including cessation
of business activities in sanctioned countries or with sanctioned persons or entities and modifications to compliance programs,
which may increase compliance costs, and may subject us to fines, penalties and other sanctions. A violation of these laws or
regulations could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Although we have implemented policies and procedures in these areas, we cannot assure you that our policies and
procedures are sufficient or that directors, officers, employees, representatives, distributors, consultants, other partners, vendors,
customers or subscribers have not engaged and will not engage in conduct for which we may be held responsible. We cannot
assure you that our business partners have not engaged and will not engage in conduct that could materially affect their ability
to perform their contractual obligations to us or result in us being held liable for such conduct. Violations of the FCPA, OFAC
restrictions or other export control, anti-corruption, anti-money-laundering and anti-terrorism laws or regulations may result in
severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to other liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.
Our indebtedness may adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to operate our business, including our ability to
incur additional indebtedness.
Our principal near-term liquidity requirements include primarily funding our operating costs, capital expenditures,
including repayment of amounts being financed through MDA, and future amounts expected to be incurred, under the satellite
procurement agreement; repayment of the remaining principal balance due under the 2019 Facility Agreement; and interest and
dividends due on any debt or preferred equity instruments outstanding. Our principal sources of liquidity during 2022 included
cash on hand ($32.1 million), cash flows from operations and vendor financing. Our principal sources of liquidity over the next
twelve months are expected to include cash on hand, cash flows from operations, prepayments under the Service Agreements
(discussed in Recent Developments below) and funds from a debt or equity financing that has not yet been arranged.
Our operating expenses for the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2022 were $369.5 million, which included
nonrecurring, noncash impairment charges of $175.1 million as well as noncash depreciation, amortization and accretion of
$93.9 million.
Another source of liquidity may include proceeds from the exercise of warrants under the Service Agreements. We also
expect sources of liquidity to include funds from other debt or equity financings that have not yet been arranged; we are
actively pursuing a new financing arrangement to refinance amounts due under the 2019 Facility Agreement.
On a longer-term basis, our liquidity requirements also include debt service obligations. We cannot provide assurance that
we will not experience a liquidity shortfall in the short or long-term.
As of December 31, 2022, the principal balance of our debt obligations was $203.0 million, consisting of $143.2 million
under the 2019 Facility Agreement and $59.8 million under our vendor financing arrangement. In February 2023, we executed a
prepayment agreement under the Service Agreements, whereby Partner is obligated, subject to certain conditions, to fund an
amount up to approximately $252.0 million (to be adjusted as required), which is required to be recouped by Globalstar
beginning at the earlier of phase two service launch or the third quarter of 2025.
Our indebtedness could restrict us from making strategic acquisitions by limiting our ability to obtain additional financing
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for working capital, capital expenditures, product development, debt service requirements, acquisitions and general corporate
purposes. Our indebtedness could restrict us from paying dividends to our shareholders. It could limit our flexibility in planning
for, or reacting to, changes in our business or industry, placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to competitors who
are not as highly leveraged as us and who, therefore, may be able to take advantage of opportunities that our leverage prevents
us from exploiting. Additionally, even though our current debt agreements place limits on our ability to incur additional debt, in
the future we may incur additional debt which could further exacerbate these risks.
We may also access equity and debt capital markets from time to time or refinance our debt obligations with the intent to
improve the terms of our indebtedness; the availability of such financing may be unavailable on terms and conditions we
determine favorable to us or at all.
Restrictive covenants in our 2019 Facility Agreement and Service Agreements may limit our operating and financial
flexibility and our inability to comply with these covenants could have significant implications.
Our 2019 Facility Agreement and prepayment agreement associated with the Service Agreements contain a number of
significant restrictions and covenants. See Note 6: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements in our Consolidated
Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Report for further discussion of our debt covenants. Complying with these
restrictive covenants, including financial and non-financial covenants, as well as those that may be contained in any agreements
governing future indebtedness, may impair our ability to finance our operations or capital needs or to take advantage of
favorable business opportunities. Our 2019 Facility Agreement includes a limitation on expenditures in connection with
spectrum rights, which may prohibit us from making certain expenditures that we consider accretive to our business and would
otherwise make. Our ability to comply with these covenants will depend on our future performance, which may be affected by
events beyond our control. We have received waivers from our lenders in the past; however, we may not be successful in
obtaining waivers from the remaining lender in the future, which may result in noncompliance with restrictions and covenants.
Our failure to comply with these covenants would be an event of default. An event of default under the 2019 Facility
Agreement or the Service Agreements would permit the lender to accelerate the indebtedness under these agreements. That
acceleration would permit holders of our obligations under other agreements that contain cross-acceleration provisions to
accelerate our obligations to them. See Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources of this Report for further discussion.
Our networks and those of our third-party service providers and customers may be vulnerable to unauthorized or
unlawful access. Our use of personal information could give rise to costs and liabilities arising from developing data
privacy laws.
Our network and those of our third-party service providers and our customers may be vulnerable to unauthorized access,
attacks, malware, data breaches and other security problems. Persons who circumvent security measures could wrongfully
obtain or use information from such networks or cause interruptions, delays or malfunctions in our operations. A data breach or
network disruption could harm our reputation, cause demand for our products and services to fall or compromise our ability to
pursue our business plans. A number of significant, widespread security breaches have compromised companies and
governmental agencies. In some cases, these breaches originated from outside the United States. We may be required to expend
significant resources to protect against the threat of security breaches or to alleviate problems, including reputational harm and
litigation, caused by any breaches. In addition, our customer contracts may not adequately protect us against liability to third
parties with whom our customers conduct business.
We collect and store data, including our customers' personal information. In jurisdictions around the world, personal
information is increasingly becoming the subject of extensive legislation and regulations to protect consumers’ privacy and
security, such as the EU's General Data Protection Regulation that became effective in 2018. The interpretation of privacy and
data protection laws and regulations regarding the collection, storage, transmission, use and disclosure of such information in
some jurisdictions is unclear and ever evolving. These laws may be interpreted and applied differently from country to country
and in a manner that is not consistent with our current data protection practices. Complying with these varying international
requirements could cause us to incur additional costs or change our business practices. Our services are accessible in many
foreign jurisdictions, and some of these jurisdictions may claim that we are required to comply with their laws, even where we
have no local entity, employees or infrastructure. We could be forced to incur significant expenses if we were required to
modify our products, services or existing security and privacy procedures in order to comply with new or expanded regulations
across numerous jurisdictions. In addition, we could face liability to end users alleging that their personal information is not
collected, stored, transmitted, used or disclosed appropriately or in accordance with our privacy policies or applicable laws,
including claims and litigation resulting from such allegations. Any failure on our part to protect information pursuant to
applicable regulations could result in a loss of user confidence, reputation and customers, which could materially impact our
results of operations and cash flows.
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Due to fluctuations in the insurance market, we may be unable to obtain and maintain our insurance coverages, and the
insurance we obtain may not cover all risks we undertake. As a result, we may incur material uninsured or under-
insured losses.
The price, terms and availability of insurance have fluctuated significantly since we began offering commercial satellite
services. The cost of obtaining insurance can vary as a result of either satellite failures or general conditions in the insurance
industry. Rising premiums on insurance policies could increase our costs. In addition to higher premiums, insurance policies
may provide for higher deductibles, shorter coverage periods and additional policy exclusions. Our insurance could become
more expensive and difficult to maintain and may not be available in the future on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. Our
failure to maintain sufficient insurance could also create an event of default under our debt agreements. Our insurance may not
adequately cover losses incurred arising from claims brought against us or otherwise, which could be material.
Product Liability Insurance and Product Replacement or Recall Costs
We may be subject to product liability and product recall claims if any of our products and services are alleged to have
caused injury to persons or damage to property. If any of our products prove to be defective, we may need to recall and redesign
them. In addition, any claim or product recall that results in significant adverse publicity may negatively affect our business,
financial condition or results of operations. We do not maintain any product recall insurance, so any product recall we are
required to initiate could have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. We investigate
potential quality issues as part of our ongoing effort to deliver quality products to our customers.
Because consumers may use SPOT products and services in isolated or dangerous locations, users of our devices who
suffer injury or death may seek to assert claims against us alleging failure of the device to facilitate timely emergency response.
We cannot assure investors that any legal disclaimers will be effective or insurance coverage will be sufficient to protect us
from material losses.
General Liability Insurance In-Orbit Exposures
Our liability policy, covers amounts up to €70 million per occurrence (with a €70 million annual limit) that we and other
specified parties may become liable to pay for bodily injury and property damages to third parties related to processing,
maintaining and operating our satellite constellation. Our current policy has a one-year term, which expires in October 2023.
Our current in-orbit liability insurance policy contains, and we expect any future policies would likewise contain, specified
exclusions and material change limitations customary in the industry. These exclusions may relate to, among other things,
losses resulting from in-orbit collisions, acts of war, insurrection, terrorism or military action, government confiscation, strikes,
riots, civil commotions, labor disturbances, sabotage, unauthorized use of the satellites and nuclear or radioactive
contamination, as well as claims directly or indirectly occasioned as a result of noise, pollution, electrical and electromagnetic
interference or interference with the use of property.
Our in-orbit insurance does not cover losses that might arise as a result of a satellite failure, other operational problems
affecting our constellation, or damage resulting from de-orbiting a satellite. As a result, a failure of one or more of our satellites
or the occurrence of equipment failures, collision damage, or other related problems that may result during the de-orbiting
process could constitute an uninsured loss and could materially harm our financial condition.
The effect of an epidemic or pandemic, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, could have an adverse impact on our
operations and the operations of our customers and may have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and
results of operations.
An epidemic or pandemic could significantly disrupt our operations, including, but not limited to, our workforce, supply
chain, regulatory processes and market demand of our products. An epidemic or pandemic could also significantly impact our
customers, including their demand for and ability to pay for our services and equipment. The extent to which COVID-19 could
continue to impact our operations and financial condition will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and
cannot be predicted.
We operate in many tax jurisdictions, and changes in tax rates or adverse results of tax examinations could materially
increase our costs.
We operate in various U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions. The process of determining our anticipated tax liabilities involves
many calculations and estimates which are inherently complex. Our tax obligations are subject to review and possible challenge
by the taxing authorities of these jurisdictions, such as the ongoing income tax return audit being conducted by the Canada
Revenue Agency of our Canadian subsidiary. If taxing authorities were to successfully challenge our current tax positions, or if
we changed the manner in which we conduct certain activities, we could become subject to material, unanticipated tax
liabilities. We may also become subject to additional tax liabilities as a result of changes to tax laws in any of our applicable tax
jurisdictions, which in certain circumstances could have a retroactive effect.
22
We are exposed to trade credit risk in the ordinary course of our business activities.
We are exposed to risk of loss in the event of nonperformance by our customers of their obligations to us. Some of our
customers may be highly leveraged or subject to their own operating and regulatory risks. Many of our customers finance their
activities through cash flows from operations, the incurrence of debt or the issuance of equity. From time to time, credit is less
available and available on more restrictive terms. The combination of reduction of cash flow resulting from declines in
commodity prices and the lack of availability of debt or equity financing may result in a significant reduction in our customers'
liquidity and ability to make payments or perform on their obligations to us. Even if our credit review and analysis mechanisms
work properly, we may experience financial losses in our dealings with other parties. Any increase in the nonpayment or
nonperformance by our customers could reduce our cash flows.
We have been in the past from time to time, and may be in the future, subject to litigation and investigations that could
have a substantial, adverse impact on our business.
From time to time we are subject to litigation, including claims related to our business activities. We have also been in the
past, and may be in the future, subject to investigations by regulators and governmental agencies, including the United States
Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control, the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry
and Security and the United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Irrespective of their merits, litigation and
investigations may be both lengthy and disruptive to our operations and could cause significant expenditure and diversion of
management attention. At this time, we are not aware of any pending litigation, investigation, dispute or claim that could have a
material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. However, we may be wrong in this
assessment. Additionally, in the future we may become subject to additional litigation that could have a material adverse effect
on our financial position and operating results, on the trading price of our securities and on our ability to access the capital
markets.
Wireless devices' radio frequency emissions are the subject of regulation and litigation concerning their environmental
effects, which includes alleged health and safety risks. As a result, we may be subject to new regulations, demand for our
services may decrease, and we could face liability based on alleged health risks.
There has been adverse publicity concerning alleged health risks associated with radio frequency transmissions from
portable hand-held telephones and other telecommunications devices that have transmitting antennas. Lawsuits have been filed
against participants in the wireless communications industry alleging a number of adverse health consequences as a result of
wireless phone usage. Other claims allege consumer harm from failures to disclose information about radio frequency
emissions or aspects of the regulatory regimes governing those emissions. Although we have not been party to any such
lawsuits, we may be exposed to such litigation in the future. Courts or governmental agencies could determine that we do not
comply with applicable standards for radio frequency emissions and power or that there is valid scientific evidence that use of
our devices poses a health risk. Any such finding could reduce our revenue and profitability and expose us and other
communications service providers or device sellers to litigation, which, even if frivolous or unsuccessful, could be costly to
defend.
Furthermore, any actual or perceived risk from radio frequency emissions could reduce the number of our subscribers and
demand for our products and services.
Risks Related to Government Regulations
Our business is subject to extensive government regulation that will impact our future success.
Our MSS system is subject to significant regulation by the FCC in the United States, by the ARCEP and ANFR in France
and in other foreign jurisdictions where we do business by similar authorities. Additionally, the availability of globally
harmonized spectrum on which our MSS system depends is managed by the ITU. The rules and regulations of these regulatory
authorities are subject to change and may not continue to permit our operations as currently conducted or as we plan to conduct
them. Further, certain regulatory authorities may decide to allow additional uses within our ITU-allocation of spectrum that
may be incompatible with our continued provision of MSS.
Failure to operate our satellites, ground stations, mobile earth terminals or other facilities as required by our licenses and
applicable government regulations could result in the imposition of government sanctions against us, up to and including
cancellation of our licenses.
Our system requires regulatory authorization in each of the jurisdictions in which we provide service. We may not be able
to obtain or retain all regulatory approvals needed for operations. Regulatory changes, such as those resulting from judicial
decisions or adoption of treaties, legislation or regulation in countries where we operate or intend to operate, may also
significantly affect our business.
23
Our operations are subject to certain regulations of the United States State Department's Directorate of Defense Trade
Controls (the export of satellites and related technical data), United States Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets
Control (financial transactions and transactions with sanctioned persons or countries) and the United States Commerce
Department's Bureau of Industry and Security (export of satellites and related technical data, our gateways and phones) and as
well as other similar foreign regulations. These U.S. and foreign obligations and regulations may limit or delay our ability to
offer products and services in a particular country. We may be required to provide U.S. and some foreign government law
enforcement and security agencies with call interception services and related government assistance, in respect of which we
face legal obligations and restrictions in various jurisdictions. These regulations may limit or delay our ability to operate in a
particular country or engage in transactions with certain parties and may impose significant compliance costs. As new laws and
regulations are issued, we may be required to modify our business plans or operations. If we fail to comply with these
regulations in any country, we could be subject to sanctions that could affect, materially and adversely, our ability to operate in
that country. Failure to obtain the authorizations necessary to use our assigned radio frequency spectrum and to distribute our
products in certain countries could have a material adverse effect on our ability to generate revenue and on our overall
competitive position.
Spectrum values historically have been volatile, and may again be volatile in the future, which could cause the value of
our business to fluctuate.
Our business plan includes forming strategic partnerships to maximize the use and value of our spectrum, network assets
and combined service offerings in the United States and internationally. Value that we may be able to realize from these
partnerships may depend in part on the value ascribed to our spectrum. Historically, valuations of spectrum in other frequency
bands have been volatile, and we cannot predict the future value that we may be able to realize for our spectrum and other
assets. In addition, to the extent that the FCC makes additional spectrum available or promotes the more flexible use or greater
availability (e.g., via spectrum leasing or new spectrum sales) of existing satellite or terrestrial spectrum allocations, the
availability of such additional spectrum could reduce the value that we are able to realize for our spectrum.
Our business plan to use our licensed MSS spectrum to provide terrestrial wireless services depends upon action by
third parties, which we cannot control.
Our business plan includes utilizing our licensed MSS spectrum to provide terrestrial wireless services, including mobile
broadband applications, around the world. Our MSS licenses, including our terrestrial authority, are valid through various
specified terms, which we will seek to renew. In addition, we will need to comply with certain conditions in order to provide
terrestrial broadband service under our MSS licenses, including obtaining FCC certifications for our equipment that will utilize
this spectrum authority. We are seeking similar approvals in various foreign jurisdictions, including applying for licenses and
commencing due diligence efforts. We cannot guarantee that such efforts will be successful.
We have entered into agreements with multiple third parties to develop an ecosystem of radios and devices using our
terrestrially authorized spectrum. These third parties intend to use our terrestrially authorized spectrum to offer wireless
services to their respective customers. Our anticipated future revenues and profitability are dependent upon the commercial
success of their offerings.
Other future regulatory decisions could reduce our existing spectrum allocation or impose additional spectrum sharing
agreements on us, which could adversely affect our services and operations.
The FCC may permit other MSS operators to operate in our frequency bands in the future. To date, there are no other
authorized CDMA-based MSS operators. However, the FCC or other regulatory authorities may require us to share spectrum
with other systems that are not currently licensed by the United States or any other jurisdiction. From time to time, Globalstar
has faced applications by other operators for access to its licensed spectrum.
We registered our second-generation constellation with the ITU through France rather than the United States. The French
radio frequency spectrum regulatory agency, ANFR, submitted the technical papers filing to the ITU on our behalf in July 2009.
As with the first-generation constellation, the ITU requires us to coordinate our spectrum assignments with other administrators
and operators that use any portion of our spectrum frequency bands. We are actively engaged in but cannot predict how long the
coordination process will take; however, we are able to use the frequencies during the coordination process in accordance with
our national licenses.
The FCC and other regulatory jurisdictions internationally are permitting expanded unlicensed use of the 5 GHz band
including within our C-band Forward Link (earth station to satellite), which operates at 5091-5250 Mhz which may have a
significant adverse impact on our ability to provide mobile satellite services.
24
If the FCC, our French regulator, or any other regulator, revokes, modifies or fails to renew or amend our licenses, our
ability to operate may be limited.
We hold FCC licenses for the operation of our satellites, our U.S. gateways and other ground facilities and our mobile earth
terminals that are subject to revocation if we fail to satisfy specified conditions or meet prescribed milestones. The FCC
licenses are also subject to renewal and modification by the FCC.
We hold licenses issued by, and subject to the continued regulatory jurisdiction of, the French Ministry in charge of Space
and the ARCEP, the French independent administrative authority of post and electronic communications regulations, for the
operation of our second-generation satellites. These licenses are subject to revocation if we fail to satisfy specified conditions or
meet prescribed milestones. These licenses are also subject to modification by the French regulators.
There can be no assurance that the FCC or our French regulators will renew the licenses we hold. If the FCC, the French
Ministry, ARCEP or any other regulators revoke, modify or fail to renew or amend the licenses we hold or if we fail to satisfy
any of the conditions of our respective licenses, then we may not be able to continue to provide mobile satellite
communications services, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and operations.
Furthermore, if we operate in any country without a valid license, we could face regulatory fines and criminal sanctions.
We hold certain licenses in each country where our ground infrastructure is located. If we fail to maintain such licenses within
any particular country, we may not be able to continue to operate the ground infrastructure located within that country, which
could prevent us from continuing to provide mobile satellite communications services within that region.
Changes in international trade regulations and other risks associated with foreign trade could adversely affect our
sourcing from foreign manufacturers.
We source our products from both domestic and foreign contract manufacturers, the largest concentration of which being
in China. The adoption of regulations related to the importation of products, including quotas, duties, taxes and other charges or
restrictions on imported goods, and changes in U.S. customs procedures could result in an increase in the cost of our products.
Recently, the U.S. imposed increased tariffs on certain imports from China, including several of our products, resulting in lower
gross margin on impacted products. The current tariffs could increase or expand to additional categories of products not
currently covered. We cannot predict how any future tariffs or other trade restrictions will impact our business, but further trade
restrictions on our products may result in further reductions to gross margin.
Additionally, delays in goods clearing customs or the disruption of international transportation lines used by us could result
in our inability to deliver goods to customers in a timely manner or the loss of sales altogether. Current or future social and
environmental regulations or critical issues, such as those relating to the sourcing of conflict minerals from the Democratic
Republic of the Congo or the need to eliminate environmentally sensitive materials from our products, could restrict the supply
of components and materials used in production and increase our costs. Any delay or interruption to our manufacturing process
or in shipping our products could result in lost revenue, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition or
results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
Our common stock is traded on the NYSE American but could be delisted in the future, which may impair our ability to
raise capital.
Our common stock is listed on the NYSE American under the symbol “GSAT.” Broker-dealers may be less willing or able
to sell and/or make a market in our common stock if it were delisted, which may make it more difficult for shareholders to
dispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations for the price of, our common stock. Removal of our common stock from listing on
the NYSE American may also make it more difficult for us to raise capital through the sale of our securities.
Restrictive covenants in our 2019 Facility Agreement and Service Agreements do not allow us to pay dividends on our
common stock for the foreseeable future, which may affect the market for our shares.
We do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common stock. Our 2019 Facility Agreement and Service Agreements
currently prohibits the payment of cash dividends on our common stock. During 2022, we issued shares of Series A Preferred
Stock. The terms of Series A Preferred Stock provides for the payment of cumulative cash dividends at a rate of 7% per annum,
subject to certain terms and conditions. If such dividends are not declared by our board of directors, the dividends will accrue
and cumulative payment will be made on the next dividend payment date or upon liquidation. The issuance of the Series A
Preferred Stock required consent from the remaining lender of our 2019 Facility Agreement.
Any future dividend payments are within the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things,
our results of operations, working capital requirements, capital expenditure requirements, financial condition, contractual
restrictions, business opportunities, anticipated cash needs, provisions of applicable law and other factors that our board of
25
directors may deem relevant. We may not generate sufficient cash from operations in the future to pay dividends on our
common stock. Our inability to pay dividends may limit the market for our shares.
The market price of our common stock is volatile, and there is a limited market for our shares.
The trading price of our common stock is subject to wide fluctuations. Factors affecting the trading price of our common
stock may include, but are not limited to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
actual or anticipated variations in our operating results;
failure in the performance of our current or future satellites;
changes in financial estimates by research analysts, or any failure by us to meet or exceed any such estimates, or
changes in the recommendations of any research analysts that elect to follow our common stock or the common stock
of our competitors;
actual or anticipated changes in economic, political or market conditions, such as recessions or international currency
fluctuations;
actual or anticipated changes in the regulatory environment affecting our industry;
actual or anticipated changes in the value of terrestrial spectrum;
actual or anticipated sales of common stock by our controlling stockholder or others;
changes in the market valuations of our industry peers; and
announcement by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, divestitures, joint ventures or
other strategic initiatives.
The trading price of our common stock may also decline in reaction to events that affect other companies in our industry
even if these events do not directly affect us. Our stockholders may be unable to resell their shares of our common stock at or
above the initial purchase price. Additionally, because we are a controlled company, there is a limited market for our common
stock, and we cannot assure our stockholders that a trading market will further develop or persist. In periods of low trading
volume, sales of significant amounts of shares of our common stock in the public market could lower the market price of our
stock.
The future issuance of additional shares of our common stock could cause dilution of ownership interests and adversely
affect our stock price.
We may issue our previously authorized and unissued securities, resulting in the dilution of the ownership interests of our
current stockholders. We are authorized to issue 2.2 billion shares of common stock and 100 million shares of preferred stock,
of which 0.3 million shares are designated as Series A Preferred Stock. As of December 31, 2022, approximately 1.8 billion
shares of common stock were issued and outstanding and 0.1 million shares of Series A Preferred Stock were issued and
outstanding. As of December 31, 2022, there were 0.4 billion shares of common stock available for future issuance, of which
approximately 5.1 million shares were contingently issuable upon the exercise of stock options and the vesting of restricted
stock awards and units and 49.1 million shares may be exercised by Partner from warrants issued under the Service Agreements
to purchase up to 2.64% of our common stock (the "Warrants"). The number of Warrants issued to Partner is subject to certain
adjustments, such as divided payments in shares of Globalstar common stock, stock splits, stock repurchases, merger, sale of
assets or upon certain issuances of Globalstar common stock. We may issue additional shares of our common stock or other
securities that are convertible into, or exercisable for, common stock for raising capital or other business purposes. Future sales
of substantial amounts of common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, may have a material adverse effect on
the price of our common stock.
We have issued and may issue shares of preferred stock or debt securities with greater rights than our common stock.
Our certificate of incorporation authorizes our board of directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock and set the
terms of the preferred stock without seeking any further approval from holders of our common stock. Currently, there are 100
million shares of preferred stock authorized, of which 0.1 million shares of Series A Preferred Stock are issued and outstanding.
Any preferred stock that is issued may rank ahead of our common stock in terms of dividends, priorities and liquidation
premiums and have preferential voting rights to those held by the holders of our common stock.
If persons engage in short sales of our common stock, the price of our common stock may decline.
Selling short is a technique used by a stockholder to take advantage of an anticipated decline in the price of a security. A
significant number of short sales or a large volume of other sales within a relatively short period of time can create downward
26
pressure on the market price of a security. Further sales of common stock could cause even greater declines in the price of our
common stock due to the number of additional shares available in the market, which could encourage short sales that could
further undermine the value of our common stock. Holders of our securities could, therefore, experience a decline in the value
of their investment as a result of short sales of our common stock.
Provisions in our charter documents, debt agreements and Delaware corporate law may discourage takeovers, which
could affect the rights of holders of our common stock.
Provisions of Delaware law and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws and
our debt agreements could hamper a third party's acquisition of us or discourage a third party from attempting to acquire control
of us. These provisions include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
the election of our Minority Directors by a plurality of the vote of our stockholders other than Thermo;
the requirement that (i) any extraordinary corporate transaction, such as a merger, reorganization or liquidation,
involving us or any of our subsidiaries and (ii) any sale or transfer of a material amount of assets of Globalstar or any
sale or transfer of assets of any of our subsidiaries which are material to us has to be approved by the Strategic Review
Committee until such time as Thermo no longer beneficially owns at least 45% of our common stock;
the ability of our board of directors to issue preferred stock with voting rights or with rights senior to those of the
common stock without any further vote or action by the holders of our common stock;
the division of our board of directors into three separate classes serving staggered three-year terms;
the fact that if Thermo does not own a majority of our outstanding capital stock entitled to vote in the election of
directors, our directors will be able to be removed for cause only with the affirmative vote of the holders of at least
66 2/3% of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote in the election of directors;
prohibitions, at such time when Thermo does not own a majority of our outstanding capital stock entitled to vote in the
election of directors, on our stockholders acting by written consent;
prohibitions on our stockholders calling special meetings of stockholders or filling vacancies on our board of directors;
the requirement, at such time when Thermo does not own a majority of our outstanding capital stock entitled to vote in
the election of directors, that our stockholders must obtain a super-majority vote to amend or repeal our amended and
restated certificate of incorporation or bylaws;
change of control provisions in our 2019 Facility Agreement, which provide that a change of control will constitute an
event of default and, unless waived by the lenders, will result in the acceleration of the maturity of all indebtedness
under that agreement; and
change of control provisions in our 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, which provide that a change of control may accelerate
the vesting of all outstanding stock options, stock appreciation rights and restricted stock.
We also are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which, subject to certain exceptions,
prohibits us from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder, as defined in that section, for a period
of three years following the date on which that stockholder became an interested stockholder. This provision does not apply to
Thermo, which became our principal stockholder prior to our initial public offering.
These provisions also could make it more difficult for our stockholders to take certain corporate actions, and could limit the
price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.
We are controlled by Thermo, whose interests may conflict with yours.
As of December 31, 2022, Thermo owned approximately 60% of our outstanding common stock. We have depended
substantially on Thermo to provide capital to finance our business. Although extraordinary corporate transactions, material sales
of assets and certain transactions with related parties must be approved by the Strategic Review Committee, to the extent these
and other matters are also subject to a vote of our shareholders, Thermo is able to control such vote. These matters include the
election of certain members of our board of directors and numerous other matters, including changes of control and other
significant corporate transactions, so long as these transactions are not between Thermo and Globalstar and until such time as
Thermo shall no longer be the beneficial owner of 45% or more of our outstanding common stock.
Thermo is controlled by James Monroe III, our Executive Chairman. Through Thermo, Mr. Monroe holds equity interests
in, and serves as an executive officer or director of, a diverse group of privately-owned businesses not otherwise related to us.
We reimburse Thermo and Mr. Monroe for certain third party, documented, out-of-pocket expenses they incur in connection
with our business.
27
The interests of Thermo may conflict with the interests of our other stockholders. Thermo may take actions it believes will
benefit its equity investment in us or loans to us even though such actions might not be in your best interests as a holder of our
common stock.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Not Applicable
Item 2. Properties
As of December 31, 2022, our principal headquarters are located in Covington, Louisiana. We own or lease the facilities
described in the following table:
Facility Use
Offices
Gateways
Location
Africa (Botswana)
Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
Central America (Panama)
Europe (Ireland)
United States of America (California and Louisiana) (1)
Africa (Botswana, Gabon and Rwanda)
Argentina (Bosque Alegre)
Asia (Japan, Singapore and South Korea)
Australia (Dubbo, Meekatharra and Mount Isa)
Brazil (Manaus, Petrolina and Presidente Prudente)
Canada (Alberta and Ontario)
Europe (Estonia, France, Greece and Spain) (2)
Mexico (Jocotitlan)
Oceania (New Zealand)
South America (Venezuela)
United States of America (Alaska, Florida, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and Texas) (3)
(1) Location includes a Satellite and Ground Control Center.
(2) Location includes a Satellite Control Center.
(3) Certain owned properties are encumbered by liens in favor of the administrative agent under our 2019 Facility Agreement
(and expected to be encumbered by liens under the Service Agreements) for the benefit of the lenders thereunder. See Part II,
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital
Resources - Contractual Obligations and Commitments in this Report.
As of December 31, 2022, we have executed an additional agreement for a new gateway location that is expected to
commence during 2023.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
For a description of any material legal and regulatory proceedings and settlements, see Note 9: Commitments and
Contingencies in our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Report.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable
28
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities
Common Stock Information
Our common stock trades on the NYSE American under the symbol "GSAT". As of February 24, 2023, 1,811 million shares
of our common stock were outstanding, held by 226 holders of record. The number of holders of record is based upon the actual
number of holders registered at such date and does not include holders of shares in street name or persons, partnerships,
associates, corporations or other entities in security position listings maintained by depositories.
Preferred Stock
On November 15, 2022, we issued 149,425 shares, of our 7.0% Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, $0.0001 par value per
share, with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”). Holders of Series A Preferred Stock
will be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by our Board of Directors or a committee thereof, cumulative cash
dividends based on the liquidation preference of the Series A Preferred Stock, at a fixed rate equal to 7.00% per annum, payable
quarterly in arrears on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2023. As of February 24,
2023, 149,425 shares of our preferred stock were outstanding, held by four holders of record.
In January 2023, our Board of Directors declared a dividend totaling $1.3 million for the period between November 15,
2022 and December 31, 2022; this payment was made in January 2023.
Dividend Information
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. Prior to January 2023, we have never declared or
paid any cash dividends on our preferred stock As discussed above, in November 2022, we issued shares of Series A Preferred
Stock, which provides for the payment of cumulative cash dividends at a rate of 7% per annum. The issuance of the Series A
Preferred Stock required consent from the remaining lender under our 2019 Facility Agreement. Except for preferred stock
dividends, we currently intend to retain any future earnings and do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable
future. See Note 6: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements in our Consolidated Financial Statements for further
discussion.
Item 6. [Reserved]
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and
applicable notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements and other information included elsewhere in this Report, including
risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item IA. Risk Factors. The following information contains forward-looking statements, which
are subject to risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, our actual results may
differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. See “Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning
of this Report.
Performance Indicators
Our management reviews and analyzes several key performance indicators in order to manage our business and assess the
quality and potential variability of our earnings and cash flows. These key performance indicators include:
•
•
•
•
•
total revenue, which is an indicator of our overall business growth;
subscriber growth and churn rate, which are both indicators of the satisfaction of our customers;
average monthly revenue per user, or ARPU, which is an indicator of our pricing and ability to obtain effectively long-
term, high-value customers. We calculate ARPU separately for each type of our subscriber-driven revenue, including
Duplex, Commercial IoT and SPOT;
operating income and adjusted EBITDA, both of which are indicators of our financial performance; and
capital expenditures, which are an indicator of future revenue growth potential and cash requirements.
29
Comparison of the Results of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
Revenue:
Our revenue is categorized as service revenue and equipment revenue. We provide services to customers using technology
from our satellite and ground network. Equipment revenue is generated from the sale of devices that work over our network.
During the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, total revenue increased $24.2 million, or 19%, to $148.5 million from
$124.3 million in 2021. See below for a further discussion of the fluctuation in revenue.
The following table sets forth amounts and percentages of our revenue by type of service (dollars in thousands).
Service Revenue:
Subscriber services
Duplex
SPOT
Commercial IoT
Wholesale capacity services
Engineering and other services
Total Service Revenue
Year Ended
December 31, 2022
Year Ended
December 31, 2021
Revenue
% of Total
Revenue
Revenue
% of Total
Revenue
$
$
29,222
45,670
19,516
34,913
2,747
132,068
20 % $
31 %
13 %
24 %
1 %
89 % $
31,197
46,040
17,951
8,945
2,331
106,464
25 %
37 %
14 %
7 %
2 %
85 %
The following table sets forth amounts and percentages of our revenue generated from equipment sales (dollars in
thousands).
Equipment Revenue:
Duplex
SPOT
Commercial IoT
Other
Total Equipment Revenue
Year Ended
December 31, 2022
Year Ended
December 31, 2021
Revenue
% of Total
Revenue
Revenue
% of Total
Revenue
$
$
319
5,888
10,132
97
16,436
— % $
4 %
7 %
— %
11 % $
1,011
9,427
7,169
226
17,833
1 %
8 %
6 %
— %
15 %
The following table sets forth our average number of subscribers and ARPU by type of revenue.
Average number of subscribers for the year ended:
Duplex
SPOT
Commercial IoT
Other
Total
30
December 31,
2022
2021
40,913
272,088
442,060
13,330
768,391
45,789
268,735
414,689
26,864
756,077
ARPU (monthly):
Duplex
SPOT
Commercial IoT
$
59.52 $
13.99
3.68
56.78
14.28
3.61
The numbers reported in the above table are subject to immaterial rounding inherent in calculating averages.
We count "subscribers" based on the number of devices that are subject to agreements that entitle them to use our voice or
data communications services rather than the number of persons or entities who own or lease those devices.
Wholesale capacity service revenue includes revenue generated from satellite network access and related services under the
Service Agreements, and engineering and other service revenue includes revenue generated primarily from certain
governmental and engineering service contracts; neither of these service revenue items is subscriber driven. Accordingly, we do
not present ARPU for wholesale capacity service revenue or engineering and other service revenue in the table above.
As previously discussed, during the first quarter of 2022, approximately 25,000 subscribers previously recorded in Other in
the table above were removed from our subscriber count.
Service Revenue
Duplex service revenue decreased 6% in 2022 due primarily to a decline in average subscribers of 11% offset by an increase
in ARPU of 5%. The decrease in average subscribers is due to churn exceeding gross activations over the last twelve months. In
line with the shift in demand across the MSS industry from full Duplex voice and data services to IoT-enabled devices, we
expect the decline in our Duplex subscriber base to continue as we focus our investments on IoT-enabled devices and services.
The increase in ARPU is due to adjustments made to certain rate plans to align pricing with our competitors and to better align
the value of services offered to our Duplex subscribers. Higher service prices were offset partially by strengthening of the U.S.
dollar which lowered the revenue recognized from billings denominated in certain foreign currencies.
SPOT service revenue decreased 1% in 2022 due to lower ARPU, offset partially by an increase in average subscribers. The
decrease in ARPU is due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar as well as the mix of subscriber rate plans, including the
continued popularity of our flex plans. Our flex plans generally carry lower rates than our traditional prepaid unlimited plans
because users can suspend their service plan periodically during their contract term. Slightly offsetting the decrease in revenue
due to lower ARPU were higher average subscribers. During 2022, our average subscriber base increased despite fewer than
forecasted activations resulting from supply chain disruptions over the past few quarters (see further discussion below).
Commercial IoT service revenue increased 9% in 2022 due to higher average subscribers and, to a lesser extent, higher
ARPU. During 2022, average subscribers increased 7% and ARPU increased 2%. Gross subscriber activations have increased
26% over the last twelve months and subscriber churn is lower over the same period. Our average subscriber base has grown
despite significant production delays in 2022 resulting from component part shortages (discussed further below). As we fulfill
sales back orders for Commercial IoT products, we expect to see activations continue to increase. Importantly, during the fourth
quarter of 2022, we were able to fulfill many of these back orders, resulting in a greater than 50% increase in gross subscriber
activations quarter over quarter. During 2022, steady growth in our Latin American subscriber base has also contributed to
higher revenue; average subscribers for this region increased 29% and represent 4% of our average subscriber growth in total.
The fluctuations in ARPU for both periods are driven by the mix of subscribers on various rate plans.
Wholesale capacity service revenue increased $26.0 million to $34.9 million during 2022 from $8.9 million during 2021 due
to the timing and amount of revenue recognized associated with the Service Agreements. This increase in revenue was due
primarily to consideration received for performance obligations associated with our work to expand and upgrade our gateways
around the globe in preparation for the launch of service as well as fees associated with the services that commenced in
November 2022.
Engineering and other service revenue increased $0.4 million in 2022. Throughout 2022, we have made significant progress
on constructing a teleport for a customer at one of our gateway locations in Brazil; the services performed for this customer
contributed to more than the total increase in Engineering and other service revenue during the year. Other smaller items offset
this increase in revenue year over year. Additionally, as previously discussed, we disconnected service to approximately 25,000
subscribers in Russia. During 2021, we billed less than $0.3 million to these subscribers and the revenue associated with these
subscribers was recorded in Engineering and other service revenue.
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Subscriber Equipment Sales
Revenue from Duplex equipment sales decreased $0.7 million, or 68%, in 2022. This decrease was due to a lower sales
volume of phones and accessories since these devices are no longer being manufactured.
Revenue from SPOT equipment sales decreased $3.5 million, or 38%, in 2022. This decrease resulted from a lower volume
of products sold over the last twelve months. Two of our core SPOT products were on back order for the vast majority of 2022,
which delayed the fulfillment of orders, thereby reducing equipment sales year over year. We continue to see demand exceeding
supply resulting from supply chain disruptions caused by component part shortages. We are actively working to address this
issue. Production has resumed, and we are optimistic the remaining back orders will be fulfilled by the end of the first quarter
of 2023.
Revenue from Commercial IoT equipment sales increased $3.0 million, or 41%, in 2022 due primarily to growth in
demand for our Commercial IoT products and services. This demand has outpaced available inventory due to supply chain
disruptions caused by component part shortages. While production issues were substantially resolved during the second half of
2022, we continue to be in a back order position. Once we are able to produce sufficient quantities to meet demand, we expect
equipment sales to continue to increase and expect the remaining back orders will be fulfilled by the end of the first quarter of
2023.
Operating Expenses:
Total operating expenses increased 95% to $369.5 million in 2022 from $189.8 million in 2021 due primarily to reductions
in the value of inventory and long-lived assets. This item and other contributors to the variance in operating expenses are
explained in detail below.
Cost of Services
Cost of services increased $6.0 million, or 16%, to $43.4 million in 2022 from $37.4 million in 2021. The increase in cost
of services was due to higher personnel costs totaling $3.0 million, which included $0.7 million related to non-recurring
bonuses and separation pay. Higher lease expense associated with new teleport leases (including associated occupancy costs,
such as utilities and other building services), which commenced throughout the second half of 2021, contributed to $2.2 million
of the total increase. These leases were executed in connection with the gateway expansion project to support the Service
Agreements; 85% of these lease and related costs are being reimbursed to us, and this consideration is being recognized as
revenue (as further discussed above in "Wholesale capacity service revenue"). Higher professional fees and licensing costs
related to our implementation of a new enterprise resource planning ("ERP") system, which went live in January 2022, as well
as other costs for information technology security and maintenance contributed $1.8 million to the total increase.
These increases were offset partially by an employee retention credit received in December 2022. We received this refund
check totaling $1.8 million as a result of our eligibility for the employee retention credit under the provisions of the
Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act") for the first quarter of 2021. The refund was recorded
as a reduction to operating expenses during the fourth quarter of 2022 and was allocated between Cost of Services and MG&A
(defined below) totaling $1.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, based on the employee costs incurred during the eligible
period.
Cost of Subscriber Equipment Sales
Cost of subscriber equipment sales decreased by $0.5 million, or 4%, to $13.1 million in 2022 from $13.6 million in 2021.
This decrease is generally consistent with the decrease in total revenue from subscriber equipment sales, offset partially by the
impact of the 2021 reversal of a prior year accrual for tariffs. Pursuant to regulatory developments, we reversed this accrual for
potential tariffs owed on imports from China made prior to a ruling by the U.S Customs and Border Protection in September
2019 that we no longer believe will be due, resulting in an expense reduction of $1.0 million in 2021. Margin percentages for
both SPOT and Commercial IoT narrowed during 2022 compared to 2021 resulting from the mix of products sold during each
respective period.
Cost of Subscriber Equipment Sales - Reduction in the Value of Inventory
During 2022, we recorded a reduction in the value of inventory totaling $8.6 million. As disclosed in Note 8: Fair Value
Measurements to our Consolidated Financial Statements, upon Partner's announcement in September 2022, our strategy relative
to second-generation Duplex assets shifted. Due to this shift in strategy, we concluded that there was no remaining net
32
realizable value of our second-generation Duplex inventory, resulting in an $8.5 million reduction in value of inventory. During
2021, we recorded a reduction in the value of inventory totaling $1.0 million which included the write-off of certain materials
that were not likely to be used in production as well as defective inventory units that were not saleable.
Marketing, General and Administrative
Marketing, general and administrative expenses ("MG&A") increased $2.7 million, or 7%, to $44.1 million in 2022 from
$41.4 million in 2021. The increase was due to higher personnel costs of $5.0 million. Included in personnel costs are higher
stock-based compensation driven by performance grants to certain employees associated with their efforts under the Service
Agreements ($4.0 million of the increase), cash bonuses ($0.5 million of the increase) and separation pay ($0.5 million of the
increase). Higher professional and legal fees totaling $0.8 million also increased MG&A expense during the year. The provision
for credit losses increased $0.9 million during 2022; this increase was due in part to a successful recovery of a previously
reserved customer balance during 2021, which reduced expense in 2021 and did not recur in 2022.
These increases were offset partially by certain non-recurring items, including lower subscriber acquisition costs of
$1.0 million due primarily to the deactivation of all Sat-Fi2® subscribers during the first half of 2021. Additionally, during
2021, we terminated our dealer program and reduced advertising spend for Duplex products and services; these items
contributed $1.2 million to the decrease in MG&A expense. Also, during the first quarter of 2022, we reversed a $1.0 million
accrual related to professional services associated with the 2018 shareholder litigation based on our assessment of the likelihood
of payment. As discussed above in Cost of Services, we received a refund check as a result of our eligibility for the employee
retention credit under the provisions of the CARES Act; we recorded a reduction to MG&A totaling $0.5 million during 2022.
Reduction in Value of Long-Lived Assets
During 2022, we recorded a reduction in the value of long-lived assets totaling $166.5 million. As disclosed in Note 8: Fair
Value Measurements to our Consolidated Financial Statements, upon Partner's announcement in September 2022, our strategy
relative to our second-generation Duplex assets shifted. Due to this shift in strategy, we re-assessed our asset grouping for long-
lived assets and determined that the second-generation Duplex assets (including the gateways (and related technology) capable
of providing commercial traffic to support Sat-Fi2®) are no longer part of our overall satellite and ground network. These
second-generation Duplex assets will no longer provide future cash flows to us - these assets totaled approximately $161.2
million prior to their write down in September 2022. Our first-generation Duplex assets (i.e. handsets and related ground
infrastructure) were not impacted. Also reflected in the reduction in the value of long-lived assets were certain prepaid licenses
and royalties necessary for the manufacture and distribution of second-generation Duplex products and services. These prepaid
items are no longer considered recoverable as there are no longer separately identifiable cash flows for such assets - these assets
totaled approximately $4.7 million prior to their write down in September 2022.
Additionally, during 2022, we recorded reductions in the value of intangible and other assets totaling $0.6 million. We wrote
off work in progress associated with spectrum licensing efforts in certain countries around the world. We determined that
attainment of such licenses was no longer probable based on discussions with regulators and other circumstances.
Other (Expense) Income:
Gain on Extinguishment of Debt
We recorded a gain on extinguishment of debt totaling $2.8 million during 2022 related to the November 2022 exchange of
a portion of the 2019 Facility Agreement principal balance into Series A Preferred Stock. This gain was recorded for the portion
exchanged for unaffiliated lenders only. The gain represents the difference between the net carrying amount prior to
extinguishment (including unamortized deferred financing costs, debt discounts, and related derivative) and the reacquisition
price of the debt.
We recorded a net gain on extinguishment of debt totaling $3.1 million during 2021 related to the following items: (i) gain
on extinguishment of debt of $5.0 million resulting from the Small Business Administration's forgiveness of amounts
outstanding under our Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loan and (ii) net losses on extinguishment of debt of $1.9 million
resulting from the write off of deferred financing costs following unscheduled principal repayments of the 2009 Facility
Agreement during 2021.
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Interest Income and Expense
Interest income and expense, net, decreased $13.3 million to $30.2 million for 2022 compared to $43.5 million for 2021.
This decrease was driven primarily by higher capitalized interest (which decreases interest expense) of $11.5 million and lower
gross interest costs of $1.8 million. The increase in capitalized interest is due to an increase in our construction in progress
balance during 2022, associated primarily with the satellite procurement agreement with MDA to construct new satellites to
replenish our existing satellite constellation. Gross interest costs were lower due to lower interest of $7.6 million associated
with the 2009 Facility Agreement; this decrease was offset partially by higher interest of $2.3 million associated with the 2019
Facility Agreement, imputed non-cash interest associated with the significant financing component related to advance payments
from Partner under the Service Agreements of $1.9 million, and the accrual of interest associated with our vendor financing
totaling $1.3 million. Other smaller items contributed to the remaining variance during 2022.
Derivative Loss
We recorded derivative losses of $0.8 million and $1.0 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively. We recognize gains or losses
due to the change in the value of certain embedded features within our debt instruments that require standalone derivative
accounting. During 2022, an increase in the discount rate used in the valuation of the derivative associated with the 2019
Facility Agreement contributed to the derivatives loss. This impact was offset partially by changes in the probability and timing
of prepayments contemplated in the valuation of the derivative associated with our 2019 Facility Agreement. Additionally, we
recorded a gain on the valuation adjustment of the embedded derivative associated with our 2013 8.00% Notes following their
conversion during the first quarter of 2022. The losses recorded during 2021 were due primarily to an increase in our stock
price and stock price volatility, which are significant inputs used in the valuation of the embedded derivative associated with
our 2013 8.00% Notes. See Note 8: Fair Value Measurements to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of
the computation of the fair value of our derivatives.
Foreign Currency Loss
Foreign currency loss fluctuated by $0.3 million to a loss of $6.6 million in 2022 from a loss of $6.3 million in 2021.
Changes in foreign currency gains and losses are driven by the remeasurement of financial statement items, which are
denominated in various currencies, at each reporting period. For 2022 and 2021, the foreign currency losses were due to the
strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to certain other currencies, such as the Euro; other currency fluctuations of the
Canadian Dollar and the Brazilian Real also impacted the net losses in both periods.
Pension Settlement Loss
In August 2022, we settled the remaining pension liability; this settlement resulted in a loss of $1.5 million. See Note 12:
Pensions and Other Employee Benefits to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion. Similar activity did not
occur during 2021.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense (benefit) fluctuated by $0.4 million to an expense of $0.1 million in 2022 from a benefit of $0.3 million
in 2021. The primary income tax expense (benefit) is related to deferred state tax liabilities associated with net operating loss
limitations.
Comparison of the Results of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Discussion of the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 can be found in the Globalstar
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on February 25, 2022.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal near-term liquidity requirements include funding our operating costs; capital expenditures, including
repayment of amounts being financed through MDA, and future amounts expected to be incurred under the satellite
procurement agreement; repayment of the remaining principal balance due under the 2019 Facility Agreement; and interest and
dividends due on any debt or preferred equity instruments outstanding.
Our principal sources of liquidity during 2022 included cash on hand, cash flows from operations and vendor financing.
Our principal sources of liquidity over the next twelve months are expected to included cash on hand, cash flows from
operations, prepayments under the Service Agreements (discussed in Recent Developments below) and funds from a debt or
equity financing that have not yet been arranged. With this financing, we expect that our sources of liquidity will be sufficient
for us to cover our obligations over the next twelve months and longer term. Another source of liquidity may include proceeds
from the exercise of warrants under the Service Agreements.
Overview
As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we held cash and cash equivalents of $32.1 million and $14.3 million,
respectively.
The total carrying amount of our debt and vendor financing outstanding was $191.9 million at December 31, 2022,
compared to $237.9 at December 31, 2021.
The $46.0 million decrease in the carrying amount of our debt and vendor financing was due to the November 2022
exchange of $149.4 million principal amount of our 2019 Facility Agreement, a $6.3 million mandatory prepayment of
principal in August 2022 of our 2019 Facility Agreement, and a $1.4 million reduction in the principal balance of the 2013
8.00% Notes following their conversion into shares of Globalstar common stock during 2022. These items were offset by
amounts due to MDA under the satellite procurement agreement of $59.8 million during 2022, a higher carrying value of the
2019 Facility Agreement of $51.4 million due to the accrual of PIK interest ($35.2 million), the accretion of debt discount and
amortization of deferred financing costs ($5.3 million) and the write off of deferred financing costs associated with the
exchange discussed below ($10.9 million).
Recent Developments
On February 27, 2023, Globalstar and Partner agreed to amend the Service Agreements to provide for, among other things,
Partner’s prepayment of $252 million to us (the “Prepayment”). We plan to use the proceeds of the Prepayment to pay amounts
currently due and payable, and future amounts due, under our previously disclosed Satellite Procurement Agreement with
MDA, as well as launch, insurance and ancillary costs incurred in connection with the construction and launch of these
satellites. The Prepayment replaces our requirement to raise third-party financing for these costs as previously required under
the Service Agreements and will be funded on a quarterly basis, subject to certain conditions in the agreement. The remaining
amount of the satellite costs is expected to be funded from our operating cash flows.
The amount of the Prepayment and fees payable thereon will be recouped from amounts payable by our Partner for services
provided by us under the Service Agreements. The Prepayment is expected to be recouped in installments for a period of 16
quarters beginning no later than the third quarter of 2025. The Prepayment may also be repaid over time through excess cash
flow sweeps or voluntary prepayments, as provided under the terms of the prepayment agreement. For as long as any portion of
the Prepayment is outstanding, we will be subject to certain covenants including (i) minimum cash balance of $30 million, (ii)
interest coverage and leverage ratios, and (iii) limitations on certain asset transfers, expenditures and investments.
Amounts payable by us in connection with the Prepayment will be guaranteed by Thermo, subject to applicable shareholder
approval. Prior to such shareholder approval, Thermo has agreed to provide support of certain of our obligations under the
Service Agreements, the Satellite Procurement Agreement, and certain related contracts directly to Partner.
As conditions precedent to Prepayment funding, we must (i) convert or refinance the remaining loans outstanding under the
2019 Facility Agreement by March 13, 2023 and (ii) grant Partner a first-priority lien in our assets to secure its obligations
under the Service Agreements.
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Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
The following table shows our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities (in thousands):
Statements of Cash Flows
Net cash provided by operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted
cash
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
$
Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities
2022
Year Ended December 31,
2021
131,881 $
(45,186)
(140,282)
63,800 $
(39,952)
(6,048)
2020
22,215
(14,536)
1,164
(22)
17,778 $
(132)
(53,719) $
52
8,895
Net cash provided by operations includes primarily cash receipts from wholesale capacity services provided to our Partner
under the Service Agreements as well as satellite voice and data services provided, and equipment sold, to our subscribers. We
use cash in operating activities primarily for personnel, network maintenance, inventory purchases and other general corporate
expenditures.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $63.8 million during 2022 compared to $131.9 million during 2021. This
decrease was due primarily to a smaller increase in deferred revenue during 2022 compared to 2021 due to the timing and
amount of prepayments made by Partner under the Service Agreements, which were recorded as deferred revenue (see Note 2:
Revenue to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion). The decrease in operating cash flows was also due to
other working capital changes year over year, including the timing of vendor payments and customer receivables, offset
partially by higher net income in 2022 after adjusting for noncash items.
Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $40.0 million during 2022 compared to $45.2 million during 2021. The nature of
our capital expenditures in both years related primarily to network upgrades associated with the Service Agreements, including
the procurement and deployment of new antennas for our gateways, the preparation and launch of our on-ground spare satellite
in June 2022, and milestone work under the satellite procurement agreement with MDA which was executed in February 2022.
Cash used in investing decreased from 2021 to 2022 due to lower costs associated with gateway upgrades as that portion of the
project nears completion, offset partially by replacement satellite costs.
Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $6.0 million in 2022 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of
$140.3 million in 2021. Net cash used in financing activities was $6.0 million during 2022 due to an unscheduled principal
repayment of the 2019 Facility Agreement in August 2022 totaling $6.3 million. During 2021, we paid off the remaining
principal balance due under the 2009 Facility Agreement of $187.0 million (see further discussion below). In March 2021, we
received $43.7 million in proceeds from the exercise of the warrants issued with our 2019 Facility Agreement and, in December
2021, we received a partial refund of premiums previously paid for the 2009 Facility Agreement of $2.6 million.
Discussion of our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2021 and
2020 can be found in the Globalstar Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC
on February 25, 2022.
Indebtedness
For further discussion on all of our debt and other financing arrangements, see Note 6: Long-Term Debt and Other
Financing Arrangements in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
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2019 Facility Agreement
In November 2019, we entered into a $199.0 million facility agreement with Thermo, an affiliate of EchoStar Corporation
and certain other unaffiliated lenders. The 2019 Facility Agreement is scheduled to mature in November 2025. The remaining
loans under the 2019 Facility Agreement bear interest at a rate of 14% per annum to be paid-in-kind (or in cash, at our option).
As of December 31, 2022, the principal amount outstanding under the 2019 Facility Agreement was $143.2 million. As
previously disclosed, we provided notice to the agent and remaining lender of our intent to voluntarily prepay all remaining
amounts due under the 2019 Facility Agreement by March 13, 2023.
In connection with our Partner's launch of Services on November 15, 2022, to satisfy our obligation to complete the Thermo
Debt Conversion (as described in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 7, 2022), we entered into an Exchange
Agreement dated as of November 15, 2022 (the “Exchange Agreement”) with affiliates of Thermo and certain other lenders
(collectively, the “Exchanging Lenders”) providing for the exchange of all the outstanding principal amount of, and accrued and
unpaid interest on, the Exchanging Lenders’ loans under the 2019 Facility Agreement for shares of our Series A Preferred
Stock. Pursuant to the terms of the Exchange Agreement, on November 15, 2022, we exchanged a total of $149.4 million of
loans under the 2019 Facility Agreement, including all loans held by Thermo.
Our obligations under the 2019 Facility Agreement are guaranteed on a senior secured basis by all of our domestic
subsidiaries' assets and are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of our assets and our domestic subsidiaries (other
than their FCC licenses), including patents and trademarks, 100% of the equity of our domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the
equity of certain foreign subsidiaries.
The 2019 Facility Agreement contains customary events of default and requires us to satisfy various financial and non-
financial covenants. The compliance calculations of the financial covenants of the 2019 Facility Agreement permit us to include
certain cash funds we receive from the issuance of our common stock and/or subordinated indebtedness. We refer to these funds
as "Equity Cure Contributions". If we violate any covenants and are unable to obtain a sufficient Equity Cure Contribution or
obtain a waiver, we would be in default under the 2019 Facility Agreement, and the lenders could accelerate payment of the
indebtedness. As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all the covenants of the 2019 Facility Agreement.
The 2019 Facility Agreement requires mandatory prepayments of principal with any Excess Cash Flow (as defined and
calculated in the 2019 Facility Agreement) on a semi-annual basis. We generated Excess Cash Flow for the six-month
measurement period ended June 30, 2022 and were required to pay $6.3 million to our lenders in August 2022. This payment
reduced future principal payment obligations. The Company generated Excess Cash Flow for the six-month measurement
period ended December 31, 2022 and will be required to pay approximately $2.0 million if the debt remains outstanding on
March 16, 2023.
Vendor Financing
In February 2022, we entered into a satellite procurement agreement with MDA. This agreement (as amended in October
2022 and January 2023) provides for deferrals of milestone payments through March 15, 2023. We have made $34 million in
payments to MDA under this agreement, including $14 million during the fourth quarter 2022 and $20 million in January 2023.
As of December 31, 2022, the amount outstanding under this agreement was $59.8 million. Interest accrues on the amount
outstanding at an annual rate of 7%, which increased to 10.5% on balances outstanding between December 2022 and March
2023. As discussed above, we expect to pay the deferred milestone payments on or before March 15, 2023 using Prepayment
funding from our Partner under the Service Agreements.
8.00% Convertible Senior Notes Issued in 2013
In May 2013, we issued $54.6 million aggregate principal amount of its 2013 8.00% Notes. In March 2022, the holders
converted the remaining principal amount outstanding into 2.3 million shares of Globalstar common stock at a conversion price
of $0.69 (as adjusted) per share of common stock.
Series A Preferred Stock
In November 2022, we entered into an exchange agreement with the Exchange Lenders, who are affiliates of Thermo and
certain other lenders providing for the exchange of all the outstanding principal amount of, and accrued and unpaid interest on,
the Exchanging Lenders’ loans under the 2019 Facility Agreement for shares of Series A Preferred Stock. Holders of Series A
Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by our Board of Directors or a committee thereof,
37
cumulative cash dividends based on the liquidation preference of the Series A Preferred Stock, at a fixed rate equal to 7.00% per
annum, payable quarterly in arrears on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2023.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Contractual obligations arising in the normal course of business consist primarily of debt obligations (as discussed above),
purchase commitments with vendors related to the procurement, deployment and maintenance of our network (discussed
below), obligations for non-cancellable purchase orders for inventory ($14.0 million which we expect to be fulfilled in the next
fifteen months based on current forecasted equipment sales) and operating lease obligations (see Note 3: Leases to our
Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion).
Satellite Procurement Agreement
We have a satellite procurement agreement with MDA pursuant to which we expect to acquire 17 new satellites that will
replenish our existing constellation of satellites and ensure long-term continuity of our mobile satellite services. The
procurement agreement requires MDA to deliver the satellites by 2025, with an expectation that all satellites will be launched
by the end of 2025. We are acquiring the satellites to provide continuous satellite services to Partner under the Service
Agreements, as well as services to our current and future customers. The current contract price for the new satellites is
$327.0 million and we have the option of purchasing additional satellites under the contract. In addition, MDA will procure a
satellite operations control center for $4.9 million.
To date, the parties have accepted milestones totaling $121.0 million, of which $34.0 million has been paid in cash
($14.0 million was paid during 2022 and an additional $20.0 million was paid in January 2023) and $39.6 million remains as
vendor financing due on March 15, 2023. The most recent milestone of $47.4 million was completed in January 2023, as
provided in the procurement agreement, and payment is due within the 45-day payment terms pursuant to the procurement
agreement. As discussed above, we expect to pay the outstanding milestone payments using Prepayment funding from our
Partner under the Service Agreements.
The satellite procurement agreement with MDA contains customary termination provisions including our right to terminate
the contract for convenience at any time, subject to certain conditions. We plan to enter into additional agreements for launch
services and launch insurance for these satellites. Under the Service Agreements, subject to certain terms and conditions,
Partner has agreed to make service payments equal to 95% of the approved capital expenditures under the satellite procurement
agreement (to be paid on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the satellites) and certain other costs incurred for the new
satellites, as adjusted based on certain provisions, beginning with the Phase 2 Service Period.
Other Network Purchase Commitments
Other purchase commitments with vendors for our network total $4.1 million over the next year.
See Note 9: Commitments and Contingencies to our Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion on our contractual
commitments.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion of recent accounting guidance and the expected impact that the guidance could have on our Consolidated
Financial Statements, see Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our Consolidated Financial
Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The
preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our
Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our
Consolidated Financial Statements contains a description of the accounting policies used in the preparation of our financial
statements as well as the consideration of recently issued accounting standards and the estimated impact these standards will
have on our financial statements. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis, including those related to revenue recognition;
property and equipment; and income taxes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions
that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual amounts could differ significantly from these estimates under
different assumptions and conditions.
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We define a critical accounting policy or estimate as one that is both important to our financial condition and results of
operations and requires us to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments or estimates about matters that are uncertain. We
believe that the following are the critical accounting policies and estimates used in the preparation of our Consolidated
Financial Statements. In addition, there are other items within our Consolidated Financial Statements that require estimates but
are not deemed critical as defined in this paragraph.
Revenue Recognition
Our primary types of revenue include (i) service revenue from two-way voice communication, and one-way and two-way
data transmissions between a mobile or fixed device, (ii) subscriber equipment revenue from the sale of fixed and mobile
devices as well as other products and accessories, (iii) wholesale capacity service revenue from providing satellite network
access and related services utilizing our satellite spectrum and network of satellites and gateways and (iv) service revenue from
providing engineering and communication services to certain customers. The complexities or judgements involved in revenue
recognition are discussed below.
If a contract includes more than one performance obligation, such as under the Service Agreements or when subscriber
equipment is bundled with services in a multiple-element arrangement, we allocate the transaction price to each performance
obligation in proportion to their standalone selling prices at contract inception and recognize them when, or as, each
performance obligation is satisfied. Determination of the relative stand-alone selling prices is complex and involves judgement,
as prices may vary based on many factors, such as promotions, customer, volume and/or type of equipment sold.
Service revenue is generally recognized over a period of time (consistent with the customer's receipt and consumption of the
benefits of our performance) and revenue from the sale of subscriber equipment is recognized at a point in time (consistent with
the transfer of risks and rewards of ownership of the hardware).
We record customer payments received in advance of the corresponding service period as deferred revenue. We assess the
timing of the transfer of products or services to a customer as compared to the timing of payments made to us to determine
whether a significant financing component exists. In general, our subscriber-driven contracts are paid monthly or annually and
the time between cash collection and performance is less than one year. For certain payments made under the Service
Agreements, the length of time between receipt of payment by Partner and the transfer of services by us is greater than twelve
months. Accordingly, these payments made by Partner include a significant financing component.
For Duplex service revenue, we recognize revenue for monthly access fees in the period services are rendered. For annual
plans whereby a customer prepays for a predetermined amount of minutes and data, revenue is recognized consistent with the
customer's expected pattern of usage, based on historical experience because we believe that this method most accurately
depicts the satisfaction of our obligation to the customer. For annual plans where the customer is charged an annual fee to
access our system, we recognize revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the plan.
For our subscriber-driven contracts, subscriber acquisition costs primarily include internal sales commissions and initial
activation commissions as well as certain other costs, including but not limited to, promotional costs, cooperative marketing
credits and shipping and fulfillment costs. We capitalize incremental costs to obtain a contract to the extent we expect to recover
such costs. All other subscriber acquisitions costs are expensed at the time of the related sale.
For wholesale capacity services, we capitalize costs to fulfill a contract to the extent we expect to recover them and we also
capitalize noncash consideration issued to Partner under the Service Agreements. Costs to fulfill a contract may include certain
expenses incurred by us prior to the customer benefiting from the service, such as personnel and contractor costs and other
operating expenses. Under the Service Agreements, we issued Partner the Warrants to purchase shares of Globalstar common
stock; we recorded the Warrants at the estimated fair value of the consideration granted based on a Black-Scholes pricing
model. The fair value of the Warrants was capitalized as a contract asset and will be recognized as a reduction of the transaction
price over the estimated term of the Service Agreements.
Property and Equipment
The vast majority of our property and equipment costs are incurred related to the construction of our second-generation
constellation, including an agreement executed in 2022 for the purchase of new satellites to replenish our existing satellite
constellation, and ground station upgrades. Accounting for these assets requires us to make complex judgments and estimates.
We capitalize costs associated with the design, manufacture, test and launch of our low earth orbit satellites. We capitalize costs
associated with the design, manufacture and test of our ground stations and other capital assets. We track capitalized costs
associated with our ground stations and other capital assets by fixed asset category and allocate them to each asset as it comes
39
into service. For assets that are sold or retired, including satellites that are de-orbited and no longer providing services, we
remove the estimated cost and accumulated depreciation. We recognize a loss from an in-orbit failure of a satellite equal to its
net book value, if any, in the period it is determined that the satellite is not recoverable.
Estimating the useful life of our assets is complex and involves judgement. We evaluate the appropriateness of estimated
depreciable lives assigned to our property and equipment and revise such lives to the extent warranted by changing facts and
circumstances. If the useful life of our significant assets changes, this change could impact our operating results. The estimated
useful lives of our assets is based on many factors, including estimated design life, information from our engineering
department and our overall strategy for the use of the assets. A one year reduction in the estimated useful life of our second-
generation satellites would result in an annual increase to depreciation expense of $5.2 million.
We review the carrying value of our assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the
recorded value may not be recoverable. If indicators of impairment exist, we compare future undiscounted cash flows to the
carrying value of the asset group. If an asset is not recoverable, its carrying value would be adjusted down to fair value and an
impairment loss would be recorded. Key assumptions in our impairment tests include projected future cash flows, the timing of
network upgrades and current discount rates. Additionally, from time to time, we perform profitability analyses to determine if
investments in certain products and/or services remain viable. In the event we determine to no longer support a product or
service, or that an asset is not expected to generate future benefit, the asset may be abandoned and an impairment loss may be
recorded.
Income Taxes
We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. This method takes into account the differences
between financial statement treatment and tax treatment of certain transactions. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities
for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets
and liabilities and their respective tax basis. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to
apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Our deferred
tax calculation requires us to make certain estimates about our future operations. Changes in state, federal and foreign tax laws,
as well as changes in our financial condition or the carrying value of existing assets and liabilities, could affect these estimates.
We recognize the effect of a change in tax rates as income or expense in the period that the rate is enacted; however, as we have
a full valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets, there is no impact to the consolidated statements of operations and balance
sheets.
GAAP requires us to assess whether it is more likely than not that we will be able to realize some or all of our deferred tax
assets. If we cannot determine that deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be recoverable, GAAP requires us to provide a
valuation allowance against those assets. This assessment takes into account factors including: (a) the nature, frequency, and
severity of current and cumulative financial reporting losses; (b) sources of estimated future taxable income; and (c) tax
planning strategies. We must weigh heavily a pattern of recent financial reporting losses as a source of negative evidence when
determining our ability to realize deferred tax assets. Projections of estimated future taxable income exclusive of reversing
temporary differences are a source of positive evidence only when the projections are combined with a history of recent
profitable operations and can be reasonably estimated. Otherwise, GAAP requires that we consider projections inherently
subjective and generally insufficient to overcome negative evidence that includes cumulative losses in recent years. If necessary
and available, we would implement tax planning strategies to accelerate taxable amounts to utilize expiring carryforwards.
These strategies would be a source of additional positive evidence supporting the realization of deferred tax assets.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our services and products are sold, distributed or available in over 120 countries. Our international sales are denominated
primarily in Canadian dollars, Brazilian reais and euros. In some cases, insufficient supplies of U.S. currency may require us to
accept payment in other foreign currencies. We reduce our currency exchange risk from revenues in currencies other than the
U.S. dollar by requiring payment in U.S. dollars whenever possible and purchasing foreign currencies on the spot market when
rates are favorable. We currently do not purchase hedging instruments to hedge foreign currencies. We are obligated to enter
into currency hedges with the lenders to the 2019 Facility Agreement no later than 90 days after any fiscal quarter during which
more than 25% of revenues is denominated in a single currency other than U.S. or Canadian dollars. Otherwise, we cannot enter
into hedging agreements other than interest rate cap agreements or other hedges described above without the consent of the
agent for the 2019 Facility Agreement, and with that consent the counterparties may only be the lenders to the 2019 Facility
Agreement.
We may be exposed to the risk of rising interest rates if our future borrowings bear interest at a floating rate.
40
We also have operations in Argentina, which is considered to have a highly inflationary economy. We continue to monitor
the significant uncertainty surrounding current Argentinian exchange mechanisms. Operations in this country are not considered
significant to our consolidated operations.
See Note 8: Fair Value Measurements in our Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of our financial assets and
liabilities measured at fair market value and the market factors affecting changes in fair market value of each.
41
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Audited Consolidated Financial Statements of Globalstar, Inc.
Report of Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm (PCAOB ID 42)
Consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Page
43
43
46
47
48
49
50
52
42
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Globalstar, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Globalstar, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2022 and
2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022 and the related notes (collectively referred to as the
“consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects,
the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
(PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in
Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
(2013 framework), and our report dated March 1, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on
the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are
required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable
rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to
error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial
statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included
examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included
evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that
was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that
are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The
communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken
as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit
matter or on the account or disclosures to which it relates.
Description of the
Matter
Useful life of Space component assets
At December 31, 2022, the Company had $1.2 billion of Space component assets recorded as property
and equipment. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s Space
component assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life, which is
currently estimated to be 15 years. Management’s estimate of the useful life of its Space component
assets was based on estimated design life, information from the Company’s engineering department and
overall Company strategy for the use of the assets.
Auditing the Company’s estimate of the useful life of its Space component assets involved a high degree
of subjectivity due to the application of management’s judgment when evaluating the available
information to determine the estimated useful life. The resulting estimated useful life has a significant
effect on the timing of recognition of depreciation expense given the magnitude of the carrying amount
of the Space component assets.
43
How We Addressed
the Matter in Our
Audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls
over the Company's process to determine the estimated useful life of its Space component assets,
including controls over management’s evaluation of the available information to determine the estimated
useful life.
Our testing of the Company's estimated useful life of the Space component assets included, among other
procedures, evaluating the application of available information to determine the estimated useful life.
We compared management’s useful life to the manufacturer’s estimated design life, publicly available
information on the estimated useful life of similar assets, operation and performance of the assets per the
Company’s engineering group, and the life of its first-generation satellite constellation. Additionally, we
evaluated the effect of changes, if any, in the Company’s long-term strategy for use of the assets on the
useful life estimate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.
New Orleans, Louisiana
March 1, 2023
44
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Globalstar, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Globalstar, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria
established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Globalstar, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material
respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
(PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated
statements of operations, statements of comprehensive (loss) income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three
years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and our report dated March 1, 2023, expressed an
unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its
assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report
on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control
over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be
independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all
material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material
weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and
performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures
that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and
dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and
expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the
company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or
disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
New Orleans, Louisiana
March 1, 2023
45
GLOBALSTAR, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except par value and share data)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $2,892 and $2,962, respectively
Inventory
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Total current assets
Property and equipment, net
Operating lease right of use assets, net
Prepaid satellite construction costs and related customer receivable
Intangible and other assets, net of accumulated amortization of $10,908 and $11,189, respectively
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Total assets
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
Vendor financing
Accrued expenses
Payables to affiliates
Deferred revenue
Total current liabilities
Long-term debt
Operating lease liabilities
Deferred revenue, net
Other non-current liabilities
Total non-current liabilities
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred Stock of $0.0001 par value; 99,700,000 and 100,000,000 shares authorized and none
issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively
Series A Preferred Stock of $0.0001 par value; 300,000 shares authorized and 149,425 issued and
outstanding at December 31, 2022; no shares authorized and none issued and outstanding as of
December 31, 2021
Voting Common Stock of $0.0001 par value; 2,150,000,000 shares authorized; 1,811,074,696 and
1,796,528,871 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Retained deficit
Total stockholders’ equity
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
$
$
December 31,
2022
2021
32,082 $
26,329
9,264
13,569
81,244
560,371
30,859
122,496
38,425
833,395 $
3,843 $
59,822
58,446
326
74,639
197,076
132,115
27,635
157,803
3,995
321,548
—
—
181
14,304
21,182
13,829
19,558
68,873
672,156
32,041
—
41,036
814,106
6,247
—
28,947
444
25,927
61,565
237,932
29,237
112,054
7,887
387,110
—
—
180
2,345,612
9,242
(2,040,264)
314,771
833,395 $
2,146,710
1,890
(1,783,349)
365,431
814,106
$
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
46
GLOBALSTAR, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2020
2022
Revenue:
Service revenue
Subscriber equipment sales
Total revenue
Operating expenses:
Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion shown
separately below)
Cost of subscriber equipment sales
Cost of subscriber equipment sales - reduction in the value of inventory
Marketing, general and administrative
Reduction in the value of long-lived assets
Depreciation, amortization and accretion
Total operating expenses
Loss from operations
Other (expense) income:
Gain on extinguishment of debt
Interest income and expense, net of amounts capitalized
Derivative (loss) gain
Foreign currency loss
Pension settlement loss
Other
Total other expense
Loss before income taxes
Income tax expense (benefit)
Net loss
Net loss attributable to common shareholders (Note 14)
Net loss per common share:
Basic
Diluted
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic
Diluted
$
132,068 $
16,436
148,504
106,464 $
17,833
124,297
43,370
13,097
8,553
44,103
166,526
93,884
369,533
(221,029)
2,790
(30,168)
(805)
(6,592)
(1,501)
463
(35,813)
(256,842)
73
(256,915) $
37,372
13,587
1,004
41,358
242
96,237
189,800
(65,503)
3,098
(43,536)
(1,043)
(6,308)
—
368
(47,421)
(112,924)
(299)
(112,625) $
113,191
15,296
128,487
34,751
13,268
662
41,738
416
96,815
187,650
(59,163)
—
(48,429)
2,897
(727)
(2,075)
(1,480)
(49,814)
(108,977)
662
(109,639)
$
$
$
(258,252) $
(112,625) $
(109,639)
(0.14) $
(0.14)
(0.06) $
(0.06)
(0.07)
(0.07)
1,800,825
1,800,825
1,765,139
1,765,139
1,642,359
1,642,359
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
47
GLOBALSTAR, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands)
Net loss
Other comprehensive income:
Defined benefit pension plan liability adjustment
Net foreign currency translation adjustment
Total other comprehensive income
Total comprehensive loss
Year Ended December 31,
2021
(112,625) $
2022
(256,915) $
2020
(109,639)
2,073
5,279
7,352
(249,563) $
410
4,424
4,834
(107,791) $
2,042
(1,537)
505
(109,134)
$
$
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
48
GLOBALSTAR, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands)
Balances – December 31, 2019
Net issuance of restricted stock awards
and recognition of stock-based
compensation
Contribution of services
Issuance and recognition of stock-based
compensation of employee stock
purchase plan
Common stock issued in connection with
conversion of Loan Agreement with
Thermo
Common stock issued in connection with
conversion of 2013 8.00% Notes
Impact of adoption of Credit Loss
Standard
Other comprehensive income
Net loss
Balances – December 31, 2020
Preferred Stock
Shares Amount
— $ — 1,464,544 $
Shares
Common Stock
Amount
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
146 $ 1,970,047 $
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Retained
Deficit
(3,449) $ (1,559,401) $
Total
407,343
—
—
—
—
7,637
—
1
—
4,766
232
—
—
2,253
—
1,048
—
—
—
—
200,140
95
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— $ — 1,674,669 $
20
—
120,441
32
—
—
—
—
—
—
167 $ 2,096,566 $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
4,767
232
—
1,048
—
—
120,461
32
—
505
—
(1,684)
—
(109,639)
(2,944) $ (1,670,724) $
(1,684)
505
(109,639)
423,065
4,937
—
—
1
—
5,543
188
—
—
—
—
5,544
188
Net issuance of restricted stock awards
and employee stock options and
recognition of stock-based compensation —
—
Contribution of services
Issuance and recognition of stock-based
compensation of employee stock
purchase plan
Issuance of stock for warrant exercises
Other comprehensive income
Net loss
Balances – December 31, 2021
Net issuance of restricted stock awards
and employee stock options and
recognition of stock-based compensation —
—
Contribution of services
Issuance and recognition of stock-based
compensation of employee stock
purchase plan
Common stock issued in connection with
—
conversion of 2013 8.00% Notes
Fair value of Warrants granted to Partner —
149
Issuance of Series A Preferred Stock
Gain on extinguishment of 2019 Facility
Agreement with Thermo
Other comprehensive income
Net loss
—
—
—
—
Balances – December 31, 2022
1,887
—
—
115,036
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— $ — 1,796,529 $
—
—
—
—
—
—
11,577
—
716
2,253
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
149 $ — 1,811,075 $
747
—
43,666
12
—
—
—
—
180 $ 2,146,710 $
1
—
—
—
—
—
10,588
188
1,135
2,548
48,337
105,342
30,764
—
—
—
—
—
181 $ 2,345,612 $
—
—
4,834
—
—
—
—
(112,625)
1,890 $ (1,783,349) $
747
43,678
4,834
(112,625)
365,431
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
10,589
188
1,135
2,548
48,337
105,342
—
7,352
—
—
—
(256,915)
9,242 $ (2,040,264) $
30,764
7,352
(256,915)
314,771
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
49
GLOBALSTAR, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2020
2022
$
(256,915) $
(112,625) $
(109,639)
Cash flows provided by operating activities:
Net loss
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and accretion
Change in fair value of derivatives
Stock-based compensation expense
Noncash consideration, net, associated with wholesale capacity contract
Amortization of deferred financing costs
Reduction in the value of long-lived assets and inventory
Provision for credit losses
Noncash interest and accretion expense
Gain on extinguishment of debt
Loss on pension settlement
Noncash revenue recognized from terminated contract
Noncash reversal of tariff accrual
Unrealized foreign currency loss
Other, net
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
Inventory
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Other assets
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Payables to affiliates
Other non-current liabilities
Deferred revenue
Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash flows used in investing activities:
Network upgrades (including capitalized interest)
Satellite construction costs
Property and equipment additions
Sale of property and equipment
Purchase of intangible assets
Net cash used in investing activities
Cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities:
Principal payments of the 2019 Facility Agreement
Principal payments of the 2009 Facility Agreement
Payments for debt and equity issuance costs
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and exercise of options
Net proceeds from common stock offering and exercise of warrants
Premium refund from the 2009 Facility Agreement
Proceeds from PPP Loan
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
$
50
93,884
805
10,754
(292)
520
175,079
1,087
29,711
(2,790)
1,501
—
—
6,615
(2,631)
(1,009)
(2,380)
952
(183)
(11,371)
(118)
(2,561)
23,142
63,800
(18,233)
(14,000)
(7,076)
—
(643)
(39,952)
(6,341)
—
(626)
919
—
—
—
(6,048)
(22)
17,778
14,304
32,082 $
96,237
1,043
6,729
—
2,562
1,246
936
35,897
(3,098)
—
—
(1,023)
6,394
(1,420)
1,361
(80)
(5,266)
82
(3,647)
(136)
(609)
107,298
131,881
(37,432)
—
(6,307)
350
(1,797)
(45,186)
—
(186,990)
(286)
747
43,678
2,569
—
(140,282)
(132)
(53,719)
68,023
14,304 $
96,815
(2,897)
5,902
—
4,243
1,078
1,656
33,847
—
2,075
(2,916)
—
1,362
106
(8,494)
2,176
981
(890)
(197)
319
(60)
(3,252)
22,215
(7,317)
—
(5,157)
—
(2,062)
(14,536)
—
(3,373)
(1,074)
638
—
—
4,973
1,164
52
8,895
59,128
68,023
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash (See Note 6 for further discussion on restrictions)
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash
flows
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for:
Interest
Income taxes
$
$
$
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing and investing activities:
$
Increase in capitalized accrued interest for network upgrades
Capitalized accretion of debt discount and amortization of prepaid financing
costs
Satellite construction costs (including prepaid amounts) acquired through vendor
financing arrangement
Satellite construction assets in accrued expenses
Principal amount of 2019 Facility Agreement converted into preferred equity
Forgiveness of principal and interest of PPP Loan
Principal amount of Loan Agreement with Thermo converted into common stock
Reduction of debt discount and issuance costs due to conversion of Loan
Agreement with Thermo
Fair value of common stock issued upon conversion of Loan Agreement with
Thermo
Reduction in derivative liability due to conversion of Loan Agreement with
Thermo
As of December 31,
2021
2022
2020
32,082 $
—
14,304 $
—
32,082 $
14,304 $
13,330
54,693
68,023
— $
197
5,534 $
188
10,918
68
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2020
2022
12,164 $
2,973 $
1,830
59,822
36,139
149,425
—
—
—
—
—
612
—
—
—
5,030
—
—
—
—
1,638
447
—
—
—
—
137,366
17,963
84,059
1,058
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
51
GLOBALSTAR, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Business
Globalstar, Inc. (“Globalstar” or the “Company”) provides Mobile Satellite Services (“MSS”) including voice and data
communications and wholesale capacity services through its global satellite network. The Company’s only reportable segment
is its MSS business. Thermo Companies, through commonly controlled affiliates, (collectively, “Thermo”) is the principal
owner and largest stockholder of Globalstar.
Globalstar currently provides the following communications services:
•
•
•
•
•
two-way voice communication and data transmissions via the GSP-1600 and GSP-1700 phone ("Duplex");
one-way or two-way communications and data transmissions using mobile devices, including the SPOT family of
products, such as SPOT X ®, SPOT Gen4TM and SPOT Trace®, that transmit messages and the location of the device
("SPOT");
one-way data transmissions using a mobile or fixed device that transmits its location and other information to a central
monitoring station, including commercial IoT products, such as the battery- and solar-powered SmartOne, STX-3,
Integrity 150, ST-150 and ST100 ("Commercial IoT");
satellite network access and related services utilizing our satellite spectrum and network of satellites and gateways
("Wholesale Capacity Services"); and
engineering and other communication services using the Company's MSS and terrestrial spectrum licenses
("Engineering and Other").
Recent Developments
Service Agreements
On September 7, 2022, Apple Inc. (“Partner”) announced new satellite-enabled services for certain of its products (the
“Services”). The Company will be the satellite operator for these Services pursuant to the agreement (the “Service Agreement”)
first disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, and certain related ancillary agreements
(such agreements, together with the Service Agreement, as each is amended from time to time, the “Service Agreements”).
Since execution of the Service Agreements in 2020, the parties have completed several milestones including (i) a feasibility
phase, (ii) material upgrades to Globalstar’s ground network, (iii) construction of 11 new gateways around the world, (iv) the
successful launch of the ground spare satellite, and (v) rigorous in-field system testing.
The Service Agreements generally require Globalstar to allocate network capacity (as described below) to support the
Services, and Partner to enable Band 53/n53 for use in cellular-enabled devices designated by Partner for use with the Services.
Partner made Services available to its customers in November 2022 (the “Service Launch”).
On February 27, 2023, Globalstar and its Partner agreed to amend the Service Agreements to provide for, among other
things, Partner’s prepayment of $252 million to the Company (the “Prepayment”). The Company plans to use the proceeds of
the Prepayment to pay amounts currently due and payable, as well as other amounts as they become due and payable, under the
satellite procurement agreement with Macdonald, Dettwiler and Associates Corporation ("MDA"), as well as launch, insurance
and ancillary costs incurred for the construction and launch of these satellites. The Prepayment replaces the Company's
obligation to seek third-party financing for these costs as previously required under the Service Agreements and will be funded
as needed on a quarterly basis subject to the terms in the agreement. The remaining amount of the satellite costs is expected to
be funded through the Company's operating cash flows.
The amount of the Prepayment and fees payable thereon will be recouped from amounts payable by Partner for services
provided by the Company under the Service Agreements. The Prepayment is expected to be recouped in installments for a
period of 16 quarters beginning no later than the third quarter of 2025. The Prepayment may also be repaid over time through
excess cash flow sweeps or voluntary prepayments, as provided under the terms of the prepayment agreement. For as long as
any portion of the Prepayment is outstanding, the Company will be subject to certain covenants including (i) maintenance of a
52
minimum cash balance of $30 million, (ii) interest coverage and leverage ratios, and (iii) other customary negative covenants,
including limitations on certain asset transfers, expenditures and investments.
Amounts payable by the Company in connection with the Prepayment will be guaranteed by Thermo, subject to applicable
shareholder approval. Prior to such shareholder approval, Thermo has agreed to provide support of certain of the Company’s
obligations under the Service Agreements, the Satellite Procurement Agreement, and certain related contracts directly to the
Partner.
As conditions precedent to Prepayment funding, the Company must (i) convert or refinance the remaining loans outstanding
under the 2019 Facility Agreement by March 13, 2023 and (ii) grant Partner a first-priority lien in the Company’s assets to
secure its obligations under the Service Agreements.
Discontinuation of Second-Generation Duplex Products and Services
The Company has been evaluating the continuation of second-generation Duplex services in light of other potential uses for
the Company’s capacity, such as those within the Service Agreements. In early 2021, the Company terminated its second-
generation Duplex services, which supported approximately 1,800 subscribers, to allow extended testing of the Services to
Partner; however, such termination was considered temporary unless or until Partner announced its intent to proceed with
launch of the Services. Due to this shift in strategy triggered by Partner's September 2022 announcement, the Company
evaluated the recoverability of its second-generation Duplex assets, including gateway property, prepaid licenses and royalties,
and inventory during the third quarter of 2022. As a result of this shift in strategy, the Company recorded reductions in the value
of equipment and long-lived assets totaling $174.3 million during the third quarter of 2022 (refer to Note 8: Fair Value
Measurements for further discussion). The Company will continue to support first-generation Duplex services, including voice
communications and data transmissions.
Refer to Note 2: Revenue, Note 3: Leases, Note 4: Property and Equipment and Note 9: Commitments and Contingencies
for further discussion of the financial statement impact of the Service Agreements.
Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from estimates. Certain
reclassifications have been made to prior year Consolidated Financial Statements to conform to current year presentation. The
Company evaluates estimates on an ongoing basis.
Principles of Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Globalstar and all its subsidiaries. All significant
intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in the consolidation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or
less. Cash deposited in institutional money market funds, regular interest-bearing depository accounts and non-interest-bearing
depository accounts are classified as cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of
cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash. Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash consist primarily of highly liquid
short-term investments deposited with financial institutions that are of high credit quality.
The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and records reserves to provide for estimated
credit losses. For the year ended December 31, 2022, our Partner under the Service Agreements was responsible for 24% of our
revenue and 86% of our receivable balance with no other customer responsible for more than 10% of our revenue or accounts
receivable balance.
53
Accounts and Notes Receivable
The Company records trade accounts receivable from its customers when it has a contractual right to receive payment either
on demand or on fixed or determinable dates in the future. Receivables are recorded when the right to consideration from the
customer becomes unconditional, which is generally upon billing or upon satisfaction of a performance obligation, whichever is
earlier. Accounts receivable are uncollateralized, without interest, and consist of receivables from wholesale capacity services
and the sale of Globalstar services and equipment. The Company also has agreements whereby it acts as an agent to procure
goods and perform services on behalf of Partner under the Service Agreements. Payment is generally due within 45 days of the
invoice date for this customer. For service, payment is generally due from subscribers within thirty days of the invoice date and
for equipment customers, payment is generally due within thirty to sixty days of the invoice date, or, for some customers, may
be made in advance of shipment.
The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and impairs receivable balances by recording specific
allowances for credit losses based on factors such as customer credit ratings, supportable and reasonable current trends, the
length of time the receivables are past due and historical collection experience. The Company believes that historical collection
experience is the most reasonable basis for predicting future performance. One type of the Company’s contract assets is
customer receivables and, as such, historical delinquency percentages are generally consistent over time. The estimate of the
allowance for subscriber credit losses is computed using aging schedules by type of revenue (service and subscriber
equipment), by product (Duplex, SPOT and Commercial IoT) and by country. As discussed above, accounts receivable are
considered past due in accordance with the contractual terms of the applicable arrangements. The Company applies a loss rate
to its portfolio of subscriber trade receivables based on past-due status and records an allowance for credit losses, which
represents the expected losses of those trade receivables over their estimated contractual life. The estimated life may vary by
service and product type, but is generally less than one year. Allowances are generally recorded for all aging categories of
outstanding receivables, including those in the current category. Accounts receivable balances that are determined likely to be
uncollectible are included in the allowance for credit losses. After attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is
written off against the allowance. The estimate of the allowance for credit losses on wholesale capacity receivables is based
primarily on customer payment history and credit rating. The Company believes that the risk of loss is extremely remote for this
category of outstanding receivables.
The following is a summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses (in thousands):
Balance at beginning of period
Impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13
Provision, net of recoveries
Write-offs and other adjustments
Balance at end of period
Inventory
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
2020
$
$
2,962 $
—
1,087
(1,157)
2,892 $
4,352 $
—
409
(1,799)
2,962 $
2,952
1,684
1,656
(1,940)
4,352
Inventory consists primarily of purchased products, including subscriber equipment devices, which work on the Company’s
network, as well as component parts and other chips used in the manufacture of subscriber equipment devices, of approximately
$9.0 million and $9.6 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as well as ground infrastructure assets expected
to be used as spare parts of approximately $0.3 million and $4.2 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.
Inventory write downs are measured as the difference between the cost of inventory and the net realizable value and are
recorded as a cost of subscriber equipment sales - reduction in the value of inventory in the Company’s Consolidated Financial
Statements. Product sales and returns from the previous 12 months and future demand forecasts are reviewed and excess and
obsolete inventory is written off, as applicable.
For each the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company wrote down the value of inventory by $8.6
million, $1.0 million and $0.7 million, respectively, after adjusting for changes in net realizable value.
In 2022, the Company wrote down the value of equipment consisting of second-generation Duplex assets, including finished
goods, chips and component parts to be used in manufacturing such devices as well as second-generation Duplex gateway spare
parts, totaling $6.9 million. Additionally, the Company recorded amounts prepaid to its product manufacturer related to second-
generation Duplex products, previously included in Prepaid and other current assets on its consolidated balance sheets totaling
54
$1.6 million. The Company concluded that there was no remaining net realizable value of its second-generation Duplex
inventory including prepayments to its product manufacturer.
In 2021, the Company wrote off certain Sat-Fi2® materials that were not likely to be used in production as well as defective
inventory units that were no longer saleable.
In 2020, the Company discontinued production of a second-generation Duplex device, which was the majority of the write
down recorded. The remaining reduction in value of inventory recorded during 2020 was driven by an evaluation of excess or
obsolete inventory related to end of life products and technology.
Property and Equipment
The Globalstar System includes costs for the design, manufacture, test and launch of a constellation of low earth orbit
satellites (the “Space Component”), and primary and backup control centers and gateways (the “Ground Component”). Property
and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation.
Costs associated with the design, manufacture, test and launch of the Company’s Space and Ground Components are
capitalized. Capitalized costs associated with the Company’s Space Component, Ground Component, and other assets are
tracked by fixed asset category and are allocated to each asset as it comes into service. Generally, when a satellite is
incorporated into the constellation, the Company begins depreciation on the date the satellite is placed into service, which was
the point that the satellite reaches its orbital altitude, over its estimated depreciable life. In June 2022, the Company launched an
on-ground spare satellite. The costs associated with the construction and launch of this spare satellite were placed into service
after its successful launch since this satellite is expected to remain as an in-orbit spare and will only be raised to its operational
orbit at a future date if needed.
The Company capitalizes interest costs associated with the costs of assets in progress. Capitalized interest is added to the
cost of the underlying asset and is amortized over the depreciable life of the asset after it is placed into service. As the
Company’s construction in progress increases, the Company capitalizes more interest, resulting in a lower amount of net
interest expense recognized under U.S. GAAP.
Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets as follows:
Space Component - 15 years from the commencement of service
Ground Component - 7 or 15 years from commencement of service
Software, Facilities & Equipment - 3 to 10 years
Buildings - 18 years
Leasehold Improvements - Shorter of lease term or the estimated useful lives of the improvements
The estimated useful lives of the Company's Space and Ground components were based on estimated design life,
information from the Company's engineering department and overall Company strategy for the use of these assets. The
Company evaluates and revises the estimated depreciable lives assigned to property and equipment based on changes in facts
and circumstances. When changes are made to estimated useful lives, the remaining carrying amounts are depreciated
prospectively over the remaining useful lives.
For assets that are sold or retired, including satellites that are de-orbited and no longer providing services, the estimated cost
and accumulated depreciation is removed from property and equipment.
The Company assesses the impairment of property and equipment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the recorded value may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets is measured by comparing the carrying amounts of the
assets to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, excluding financing costs. If the asset is not recoverable, its carrying
value would be adjusted down to fair value and an impairment loss would be recorded. Additionally, the Company routinely
performs profitability analyses to determine if investments in certain products and/or services remain viable. In the event the
Company decides not to support a product or service, or determines that an asset is not expected to generate future benefit, the
asset may be abandoned and an impairment loss may be recorded on the associated assets.
Assets held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated cost to sell; these assets are generally
classified as current on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as the disposal of these assets is expected within one year.
55
Leases
The Company has operating and finance leases for facilities and equipment around the world, including corporate offices,
satellite control centers, ground control centers, gateways and certain equipment.
Upon inception of a contract, the Company evaluates if the contract, or part of the contract, contains a lease. A lease conveys
the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Leases include both a right-
of-use asset and a lease liability. The right-of-use asset represents the Company’s right to use the underlying asset in the lease.
Certain initial direct costs associated with consummating a lease are included in the initial measurement of the right-of-use
asset. The right-of-use asset also includes prepaid lease payments and lease incentives. The lease liability represents the present
value of the remaining lease payments discounted using the implicit rate in the lease on the lease commencement date. For
leases in which the implicit rate is not readily determinable, an estimated incremental borrowing rate is used, which represents a
rate of interest that the Company would pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term. The Company has elected to
combine lease and non-lease components, if applicable.
For operating leases, the Company records lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term in either marketing,
general and administrative expense or cost of services, depending on the nature of the underlying asset. For finance leases, the
Company records the amortization of the right-of-use asset through depreciation, amortization and accretion expense and
records the interest expense on the lease liability through interest expense, net, using the effective interest method.
Variable lease payments are payments made to a lessor due to changes in circumstances occurring after the commencement
date. Variable lease payments dependent upon an index or rate are included in the measurement of the lease liability; all other
variable lease payments are not included in the measurement of the lease liability and recognized when incurred. Variable lease
payments excluded from the measurement of the lease liability are uncommon and, when incurred, are immaterial for the
Company.
The Company’s existing leases have remaining lease terms of less than 1 year to 19 years. Lease terms include renewal or
termination options that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. For leases with a term of twelve months or less, the
Company does not record a right-of-use asset and associated lease liability on its consolidated balance sheet.
The Company reviews the carrying value of its right-of-use assets for impairment whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the recorded value may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets is measured by comparing the
carrying amounts of the assets to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, excluding financing costs. If a right-of-use asset
is not recoverable, its carrying value would be adjusted down to fair value and an impairment loss would be recorded.
Derivative Instruments
Upon inception of a contract, the Company evaluates if the contract contains a derivative instrument. The Company has
financing arrangements that are hybrid instruments that contain embedded derivative features. Derivative instruments are
recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and are measured at fair value with gains or losses
recognized in earnings. The Company determines the fair value of derivative instruments based on available market data and
assumptions developed by management using appropriate valuation models.
Deferred Financing Costs
Deferred financing costs are those costs directly incurred in issuing long-term debt or equity. Costs associated with
obtaining long-term debt are amortized as additional interest expense over the expected term of the corresponding instrument
and are recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as a reduction in the carrying amount of the related debt
liability. The Company classifies deferred financing costs consistent with the classification of the related debt outstanding at the
end of the reporting period. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had net deferred financing costs of $11.1 million
and $27.3 million, respectively.
56
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company believes it is not practicable to determine the fair value of the 2019 Facility Agreement. Interest rates and
other terms for long-term debt are not readily available and generally involve a variety of factors, including due diligence by the
debt holders. The Company's vendor financing arrangement is recorded at net carrying value, which approximates fair value.
Prior to conversion in the first quarter of 2022, the fair value of the Company’s 8.00% Convertible Senior Notes Issued in 2013
(“2013 8.00% Notes”) was calculated using inputs consistent with those used to calculate the fair value of the derivatives
embedded in these instruments.
Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies
The Company is subject to various claims and lawsuits that arise in the ordinary course of business. Estimating liabilities
and costs associated with these matters requires judgment and assessment based on professional knowledge and experience of
our management and legal counsel. When a loss is considered probable and reasonably estimable, a liability is recorded for the
Company's best estimate. If there is a range of loss, the Company will record a reserve based on the low end of the range,
unless facts and circumstances can support a different point in the range. When a loss is probable, but not reasonably estimable,
disclosure is provided, as considered necessary. Reserves for potential claims or lawsuits may be relieved if the loss is no longer
considered probable. The ultimate resolution of any such exposure may vary from earlier estimates as further facts and
circumstances become known.
Gain/Loss on Extinguishment of Debt
Gain or loss on extinguishment of debt generally is recorded upon an extinguishment of a debt instrument or the conversion
of certain of the Company’s convertible notes. Gain or loss on extinguishment of debt is calculated as the difference between
the reacquisition price and net carrying amount of the debt, which includes unamortized debt issuance costs and any derivative
instruments, and is recorded as an extinguishment gain or loss in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.
Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue
Revenue consists primarily of satellite voice and data service revenue, revenue generated from the sale of fixed and mobile
devices, revenue generated from providing satellite network access and related services utilizing the Company's satellite
spectrum and network of satellite and gateways, and revenue from providing engineering and other communication services. A
performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. Each type of revenue is a
separate performance obligation with distinct deliverables and is therefore accounted for discretely. Revenue is measured based
on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer, adjusted for credits and discounts, as applicable, and is recognized
when the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer.
Generally, service revenue is recognized over a period of time and revenue from the sale of subscriber equipment is
recognized at a point in time. The recognition of revenue for service is over time as the customer simultaneously receives and
consumes the benefits of the Company’s performance over the contract term. The recognition of revenue for subscriber
equipment is at a point in time as the risks and rewards of ownership of the hardware transfer to the customer generally upon
shipment, which is when legal title of the product transfers to the customer, among other things (as discussed further below).
The Company does not record sales taxes, telecommunication taxes or other governmental fees collected from customers in
revenue. The Company excludes these taxes from the measurement of contract transaction prices.
The Company receives payment from customers in accordance with billing statements or invoices for customer contracts;
these payments may be in advance or arrears of services provided to the customer by the Company. Customer payments
received in advance of the corresponding service period are recorded as deferred revenue.
Upon activation of a Globalstar device, certain customers are charged an activation fee, which is recognized over the term of
the expected customer life. Credits granted to customers are expensed or charged against revenue or accounts receivable over
the remaining term of the contract. Under the Service Agreements, the Company issued Partner the Warrants to purchase shares
of Globalstar common stock; the Warrants were recorded at the estimated fair value of the consideration granted based on a
Black-Scholes pricing model. The fair value of the Warrants was capitalized as a contract asset and will be recognized as a
reduction of the transaction price over the estimated term of the Service Agreements.
57
Estimates related to earned but unbilled service revenue are calculated primarily using current subscriber data, including
plan subscriptions and usage between the end of the billing cycle and the end of the period, or in accordance with the terms of
the customer contract for satellite network access services. The recognition of service revenue related to amounts allocated to
performance obligations that were satisfied (or partially satisfied) in a previous period is not material to the Company’s
financial statements. Amounts related to earned but unbilled revenue from the sale of subscriber equipment are recognized if
hardware is shipped prior to the invoice being generated. This situation may result from multi-deliverable contracts, whereby
equipment and service revenue are bundled and billed over time to a single customer.
Provisions for estimated future warranty costs, returns and rebates are recorded as a cost of sale, or a reduction to revenue,
as applicable. These costs are based on historical trends and the provision is reviewed regularly and periodically adjusted to
reflect changes in estimates.
Certain contracts with customers may contain a financing component. Under ASC 606, an entity should adjust the promised
amount of the consideration for the effects of time value of money if the timing of the payments agreed upon by the parties to
the contract provides the customer or the entity with a significant benefit of financing for the transfer of goods or services to the
customer. For certain payments associated with services provided under the Service Agreements, the length of time between
receipt of payment by the customer and transfer of services by the Company is greater than one year. Accordingly, payments
made by Partner include a significant financing component. The Company accretes interest expense using the effective interest
rate method over the period in which these advance payments are outstanding. The rate in which interest is computed is based
on rates implicit in the Service Agreements. For the Company's subscriber contracts, transactions with a significant financing
component are infrequent and not considered material to the Company as the time between cash collection and performance is
generally less than one year.
The following describes the principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue.
Duplex Service Revenue. The Company recognizes revenue for monthly access fees in the period services are rendered. The
Company offers certain annual plans whereby a customer prepays for a predetermined amount of minutes and data. In these
cases, revenue is recognized consistent with a customer's expected pattern of usage based on historical experience because the
Company believes that this method most accurately depicts the satisfaction of the Company's obligation to the customer. This
usage pattern is typically seasonal and highest in the second and third calendar quarters of the year. The Company offers other
annual plans whereby the customer is charged an annual fee to access the Company’s system with an unlimited amount of
usage. Annual fees for unlimited plans are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the plans.
SPOT Service Revenue. The Company sells SPOT services as monthly or annual plans and recognizes revenue on a straight-
line basis over the service term, beginning when the service is activated by the customer.
Commercial IoT Service Revenue. The Company sells Commercial IoT services as monthly or annual plans and recognizes
revenue ratably over the service term or as service is used, beginning when the service is activated by the customer.
Wholesale Capacity Service Revenue: The Company provides wholesale capacity services to Partner under the Service
Agreements. The Company allocates the transaction price under the Service Agreements to each performance obligation
generally in proportion to their relative stand-alone selling prices. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligations are
performed, the timing of which may involve complex judgements by management. Although the Service Agreements have no
expiration date, the Company estimated its contract term based on the useful life of its existing satellite network and the
expected useful life of the new satellite network under construction.
Equipment Revenue. Subscriber equipment revenue represents the sale of fixed and mobile user terminals, SPOT and
Commercial IoT products, and accessories. The Company recognizes revenue upon shipment provided control has transferred
to the customer. Indicators of transfer of control include, but are not limited to; 1) the Company’s right to payment, 2) the
customer has legal title of the equipment, 3) the Company has transferred physical possession of the equipment to the customer
or carrier, and 4) the customer has significant risks and rewards of ownership of the equipment. The Company sells equipment
designed to work on its network through various channels, including through partners as well as direct to consumers or other
businesses by its global sales team and through its e-commerce website. The sales channel depends primarily on the type of
equipment and geographic region. Promotional rebates are offered from time to time. A reduction to revenue is recorded to
reflect the lower transaction price based on an estimate of the customer take rate at the time of the sale using primarily
historical data. This estimate is adjusted periodically to reflect actual rebates given to the Company’s customers. Shipping and
handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a
fulfillment cost and are included in cost of subscriber equipment sales.
58
Engineering and Other Service Revenue. Other service revenue includes primarily revenue associated with engineering and
other communication services using the Company's MSS and terrestrial spectrum licenses. The revenue associated with these
engineering services is generally recorded over time as the services are rendered, and the Company's obligation to the customer
is satisfied.
Multiple-Element Arrangement Contracts. At times, the Company will sell subscriber equipment through multiple-element
arrangement contracts with services. When the Company sells subscriber equipment and services in bundled arrangements and
determines that it has separate performance obligations, the Company allocates the bundled contract price among the various
performance obligations based on relative stand-alone selling prices at contract inception of the distinct goods or services
underlying each performance obligation and recognizes revenue when, or as, each performance obligation is satisfied.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company recognizes compensation expense in the financial statements for both employee and non-employee share-
based awards based on the grant date fair value of those awards. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to
estimate the fair value of stock option awards on the date of grant. For restricted stock awards and units, the fair value is
determined from the stock price on the grant date. The Company's estimate of the forfeiture rate of its share-based awards also
impacts the timing of expense recorded over the vesting period of the award. The Company's estimate for pre-vesting
forfeitures is recognized over the requisite service periods of the awards on a straight-line basis, which is generally
commensurate with the vesting term. For share-based awards with a performance condition that affects vesting, the Company
recognizes compensation cost for awards if and when the performance condition is probable of achievement.
Foreign Currency
The functional currency of the Company’s foreign consolidated subsidiaries is generally their local currency, except in
certain scenarios, including when the subsidiary operates in a hyperinflationary economy, such as Venezuela and
Argentina. Assets and liabilities of its foreign subsidiaries are translated into United States dollars based on exchange rates at
the end of the reporting period. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the
reporting period. For 2022, 2021 and 2020, the foreign currency translation adjustments were net gains of $5.3 million, net
gains of $4.4 million and net losses of $1.5 million, respectively. Foreign currency transaction gains/losses were approximately
net losses of $6.6 million, net losses of $6.3 million and net losses of $0.7 million for each of 2022, 2021, and 2020,
respectively.
Asset Retirement Obligation
Liabilities arising from legal obligations associated with the retirement of the Company's gateway long-lived assets are
measured at fair value and recorded as a liability. Upon initial recognition of a liability for retirement obligations, the Company
also capitalizes, as part of the asset carrying amount, the estimated costs associated with its expected retirement. This asset is
depreciated over the life of the gateway to be retired. Accretion of the asset retirement obligation liability and depreciation of
the related assets are included in depreciation, amortization and accretion in the accompanying consolidated statements of
operations. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had accrued approximately $3.0 million and $2.5 million,
respectively, for asset retirement obligations. During 2022, the Company continued the expansion of its gateway footprint in
connection with the Service Agreements, which resulted in the commencement of new leases and the installation of new
equipment; as a result of this expansion, the Company established new asset retirement obligations resulting in a total increase
to the liability of $0.5 million during 2022. There were no settlements during 2022. The Company believes this estimate will be
sufficient to satisfy the Company’s obligation under site leases to remove its gateway equipment and restore the lease sites to
their original condition.
Warranty Expense
Warranty terms extend from 90 days on equipment accessories to one year for fixed and mobile user terminals. A provision
for estimated future warranty costs is recorded as cost of sales when products are shipped. Warranty costs are based on
historical trends in warranty charges as a percentage of gross product shipments. The resulting accrual is reviewed regularly and
periodically adjusted to reflect changes in warranty cost estimates.
59
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development costs were $0.5 million, $1.0 million and $1.9 million for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
These costs are expensed as incurred as cost of services and include primarily the cost of new product development, chip set
design and other engineering work.
Income Taxes
The Company is taxed as a C corporation for U.S. tax purposes. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities
for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and
liabilities and their respective tax basis, operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. The Company measures deferred tax
assets and liabilities using tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are
expected to be recovered or settled. The Company recognizes the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax
rates in income in the period that includes the enactment date; however, as the Company has a full valuation allowance on its
deferred tax assets, there is no impact to the consolidated statements of operations and balance sheets.
The Company recognizes valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be
realized. In assessing the likelihood of realization, management considers: (i) future reversals of existing taxable temporary
differences; (ii) future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards; (iii) taxable income in
prior carry-back year(s) if carry-back is permitted under applicable tax law; and (iv) tax planning strategies.
Comprehensive (Loss) Income
All components of comprehensive (loss) income, including the minimum pension liability adjustment and foreign currency
translation adjustment, are reported in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive (loss)
income is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner
sources.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted
average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. In periods of net income, the numerator used to
calculate diluted EPS includes the effect of dilutive securities, including interest expense, net, and derivative gains or losses
reflected in net income (loss) as well as the effect of dividends attributable to preferred shareholders. Common stock
equivalents are included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share only when the effect of their inclusion would be
dilutive. Prior to their conversion, the effect of potentially dilutive common shares for the Company's convertible notes were
calculated using the if-converted method. Generally, for all other potentially dilutive common shares, the effect is calculated
using the treasury stock method.
Intangible and Other Assets
Intangible Assets Not Subject to Amortization
A significant portion of the Company's intangible assets are licenses that provide the Company the exclusive right to
provide MSS services over the Globalstar System or to utilize designated radio frequency spectrum to provide terrestrial
wireless communication services in a particular region of the world. While licenses are issued for only a fixed time, such
licenses are subject to renewal by the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") or equivalent international regulatory
authorities. These license renewals are expected to occur routinely and at nominal cost. Moreover, the Company has determined
that there are currently no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors that limit the useful life of its
wireless licenses. As a result, the Company treats the wireless licenses as an indefinite-lived intangible asset. The Company re-
evaluates the useful life determination for wireless licenses annually, or more frequently if needed, to determine whether events
and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life. The Company assesses these intangible assets for impairment
annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is
impaired. In assessing whether it is more likely than not that such an asset is impaired, the Company assesses relevant events
and circumstances that could affect the significant inputs used to determine the fair value of the asset. If the Company
determines that an impairment exists, any related loss is estimated based on fair values.
60
Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization
Our intangible assets that do not have indefinite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. For information related
to each major class of intangible assets, including accumulated amortization and estimated average useful lives, see Note 5:
Intangible and Other Assets. Intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes
in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If an indicator is present, the Company would
measure recoverability by comparing the carrying amount to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to
generate. If the asset is not recoverable, the undiscounted cash flows do not exceed the carrying amount and the carrying
amount would be adjusted down to its fair value. Refer to Note 8: Fair Value Measurements for further discussion on the
impairment recorded for intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Contract Costs
The Company capitalizes incremental costs to obtain and/or fulfill a contract to the extent it expects to recover them. For
subscriber-driven contracts, these capitalized contract acquisition costs primarily include deferred subscriber acquisition costs
and are amortized consistently with the pattern of transfer of the good or delivery of the service to which the asset relates. For
wholesale capacity services provided to Partner, contract costs include certain expenses incurred by the Company prior to the
customer benefiting from the service as well as noncash consideration issued to Partner under the Service Agreements. When a
contract terminates prior to the end of its expected life, the remaining contract acquisition cost associated with it becomes
impaired and the amount is expensed.
For subscriber driven revenue, total contract acquisition costs were $1.0 million and $1.7 million as of December 31, 2022
and 2021, respectively, and are recorded in other assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. These costs are typically
amortized to marketing, general and administrative expenses over three years, which considers anticipated contract renewals.
For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the amount of amortization related to contract acquisition costs was
$1.2 million, $2.1 million and $2.1 million, respectively.
For wholesale capacity services, total costs to fulfill a contract were $52.7 million and $2.1 million as of December 31, 2022
and 2021, respectively, and are netted against the associated contract liability, which is recorded in deferred revenue on the
Company's consolidated balance sheet. The majority of the increase in costs to fulfill a contract during 2022 was due to noncash
consideration issued to Partner in the form of warrants to purchase shares of Globalstar common stock totaling $48.3 million at
the issuance date (see Note 15: Stock Compensation for further discussion). These costs are amortized to cost of services or
marketing, general and administrative expense or recorded as a reduction to revenue over the period in which the Company
commences its performance obligations through the estimated completion of the contract term, consistent with the period in
which the customer benefits from the services provided. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the amount of amortization
expense related to costs to fulfill a contract was $0.1 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company reduced
revenue by $0.2 million associated with the amortization of the fair value of the noncash consideration issued to Partner. The
Company did not amortize any costs to fulfill a contract during 2021 or 2020.
Advertising Expenses
Advertising costs were $2.0 million, $2.3 million and $2.5 million for 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. These costs are
expensed as incurred as marketing, general and administrative expenses.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No.
2022-04: Liabilities — Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations.
ASU 2022-04 added certain disclosure requirements for buyers in supplier finance programs. The amendments in the update
require that buyers disclose qualitative and quantitative information about their supplier finance programs. Interim and annual
requirements include disclosure of outstanding amounts under the obligations as of the end of the reporting period, and annual
requirements include a rollforward of those obligations for the annual reporting period, as well as a description of payment and
other key terms of the programs. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim
periods within those fiscal years, except for the requirement to disclose rollforward information, which is effective for fiscal
years beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company adopted this standard when it became effective on January 1, 2023 and
expects this will impact future disclosures.
61
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06: Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20)
and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments
and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. Among other things, ASU No. 2020-06 simplifies the guidance in ASC 470 by
eliminating two of the three models that require separating embedded conversion features from convertible instruments. This
ASU is effective for public entities for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company adopted
this standard when it became effective on January 1, 2022. For existing debt instruments, this standard will not have a material
impact to its consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.
2. REVENUE
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table discloses revenue disaggregated by type of product and service (amounts in thousands):
Service revenue:
Subscriber services
Duplex
SPOT
Commercial IoT
Wholesale capacity services
Engineering and other services
Total service revenue
Subscriber equipment sales:
Duplex
SPOT
Commercial IoT
Other
Total subscriber equipment sales
Total revenue
2022
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2020
$
$
$
29,222 $
45,670
19,516
34,913
2,747
132,068
319 $
5,888
10,132
97
16,436
31,197 $
46,040
17,951
8,945
2,331
106,464
1,011 $
9,427
7,169
226
17,833
148,504 $
124,297 $
33,878
46,417
17,174
10,196
5,526
113,191
1,883
8,176
5,140
97
15,296
128,487
As consideration for the services provided by Globalstar under the Service Agreements, Partner makes payments to
Globalstar, including a recurring service fee, payments relating to certain service-related operating expenses and capital
expenditures, and potential bonus payments subject to satisfaction of certain licensing, service and other related criteria. In
connection with the amendment of the Service Agreements in February 2023, Partner agreed to pay the Company consideration
related to performance obligations completed in prior periods. The Company expects to recognize revenue in 2023 when
payment is realized.
The Company attributes equipment revenue to various countries based on the location where equipment is sold. Service
revenue is generally attributed to the various countries based on the Globalstar entity that holds the customer contract. The
following table discloses revenue disaggregated by geographical market (amounts in thousands):
Service revenue:
United States
Canada
Europe
Central and South America
Others
Total service revenue
2022
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2020
99,735 $
17,421
6,428
7,961
523
132,068
75,053 $
17,913
7,300
5,447
751
106,464
82,765
18,217
7,040
4,242
927
113,191
$
62
Subscriber equipment sales:
United States
Canada
Europe
Central and South America
Others
Total subscriber equipment sales
Total revenue
Accounts Receivable
$
$
7,981 $
4,740
1,870
1,793
52
16,436
10,238 $
3,029
2,018
2,487
61
17,833
8,226
3,741
1,639
1,674
16
15,296
148,504 $
124,297 $
128,487
Receivables are included in "Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses" on the Company's consolidated
balance sheets except for the long-term portion of the wholesale capacity accounts receivable, which is included in "Prepaid
satellite construction costs and related customer receivable". The Company's receivable balances by type and classification are
presented in the table below net of allowance for credit losses and may include amounts related to earned but unbilled
receivables (amounts in thousands):
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses
Subscriber accounts receivable
Wholesale capacity accounts receivable
Agency agreement accounts receivable
Total accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses
Long-term wholesale capacity accounts receivable
Total accounts receivable (short-term and long-term), net of allowance for credit losses
As of December 31,
2022
2021
$
$
$
14,850 $
7,234
4,245
26,329 $
111,026
137,355 $
12,825
1,861
6,496
21,182
—
21,182
In February 2022, the Company entered into an agreement for the purchase of new satellites that will replenish the
Company's existing satellite constellation. Under the Service Agreements, subject to certain terms and conditions, Partner has
agreed to make service payments equal to 95% of the approved capital expenditures under the satellite procurement agreement
(to be paid on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the satellites) and certain other costs incurred for the new satellites, as
adjusted based on certain provisions, beginning with the Phase 2 Service Period. As the Company incurs construction in
progress associated with the MDA contract, it earns the right to receive certain payments from Partner associated with this
phase of the Service Agreements. In accordance with the expected timing of payment from Partner, $7.2 million is recorded in
"Wholesale capacity accounts receivable" and $111.0 million is recorded in "Long-term wholesale capacity accounts
receivable" in the table above.
Contract Liabilities
Contract liabilities, which are included in deferred revenue on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, represent the
Company’s obligation to transfer service or equipment to a customer from whom it has previously received consideration.
Contract liabilities reflect balances from its customers, including MSS subscribers and the Partner under the Service
Agreements. The Company's contract liabilities by type and classification are presented in the table below (amounts in
thousands).
63
Short-term contract liabilities
Subscriber contract liabilities
Wholesale capacity contract liabilities
Total short-term contract liabilities
Long-term contract liabilities
Subscriber contract liabilities
Wholesale capacity contract liabilities, net of contract asset
Total long-term contract liabilities
Total contract liabilities
As of December 31,
2022
2021
$
$
$
$
$
21,987 $
52,652
74,639 $
1,704 $
156,099
157,803 $
232,442 $
24,940
987
25,927
1,783
110,271
112,054
137,981
For subscriber contract liabilities, the amount of revenue recognized during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
from performance obligations included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of these periods was $23.4 million
and $24.1 million, respectively. For wholesale capacity contract liabilities, the amount of revenue recognized during the years
ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 from performance obligations included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of
these periods was $0.8 million and zero, respectively.
The duration of the Company’s contracts with subscribers is generally one year or less. As of December 31, 2022, the
Company expects to recognize $22.0 million, or approximately 93%, of its remaining performance obligations during the next
twelve months. The Service Agreements have no expiration date; therefore, the related contract liabilities may be recognized
into revenue over various periods driven by the expected related service or recoupment periods. As of December 31, 2022, the
Company expects to recognize $52.7 million, or approximately 25%, of its remaining performance obligations during the next
twelve months.
The components of wholesale capacity contract liabilities are presented in the table below (amounts in thousands).
As of December 31,
2022
2021
Wholesale capacity contract liabilities, net:
Advanced payments for services expected to be performed with the second-generation
satellite constellation during Phase 1 (1)
$
99,671 $
Advanced payments for services expected to be performed with the recently launched
ground spare satellite during Phases 1 and 2
Advanced payments (both received and contractually owed) for services expected to be
performed with the next-generation satellite constellation during Phase 2
Advanced payments for the Phase 1 service fee and service-related operating
expenses and capital expenditures
Contract asset (2)
Wholesale capacity contract liabilities, net
$
25,438
117,466
18,872
(52,696)
208,751 $
96,362
16,981
—
—
(2,085)
111,258
(1) In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the Company records imputed interest associated with the
significant financing component, totaling $5.3 million and $1.9 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021,
respectively, which is included in deferred revenue and represents the remaining amount to be recognized over the
Company's performance obligations.
(2) In November 2022, the Company issued Warrants (as defined) to Partner (see Note 15: Stock Compensation for further
discussion). The initial fair value of the Warrants at the time of issuance was $48.3 million and recorded in equity with
an offset to a contract asset on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the Warrants is recorded
as a reduction to revenue over the period in which the Company commences its performance obligations through the
estimated completion of the contract term, consistent with the period in which the customer benefits from the services
provided.
64
3. LEASES
The following tables disclose the components of the Company’s finance and operating leases (amounts in thousands):
Operating leases:
Right-of-use asset, net
Short-term lease liability (recorded in accrued expenses)
Long-term lease liability
Total operating lease liabilities
Finance leases:
Right-of-use asset, net (recorded in intangible and other current assets, net)
Short-term lease liability (recorded in accrued expenses)
Long-term lease liability (recorded in non-current liabilities)
Total finance lease liabilities
As of December 31,
2022
2021
$
30,859 $
2,747
27,635
30,382 $
104 $
16
71
87 $
$
$
$
32,041
2,501
29,237
31,738
8
6
3
9
In connection with the Company's gateway expansion project related to the Service Agreements, the Company commenced
one operating lease during 2022 for a new gateway site totaling $2.1 million.
Lease Cost
The components of lease cost are reflected in the table below (amounts in thousands):
Operating lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets
Interest on lease liabilities
Capitalized lease cost
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets
Interest on lease liabilities
Short-term lease cost
Total lease cost
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
2020
$
$
2,605 $
2,524
(823)
12
3
498
4,819 $
2,601 $
1,948
(615)
11
1
213
4,159 $
1,880
1,320
—
76
4
100
3,380
In accordance with the Service Agreements, the Company has capitalized certain costs to fulfill this contract, including
lease expense, as shown in the table above. These capitalized lease costs will be amortized over the expected term of the related
performance obligation.
65
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate
The following table discloses the weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate for finance and operating
leases:
Weighted-average lease term
Finance leases
Operating Leases
Weighted-average discount rate
Finance leases
Operating leases
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
As of December 31,
2022
2021
4.6 years
10.1 years
1.6 years
10.6 years
10.2 %
8.5 %
7.0 %
8.4 %
The below table discloses supplemental cash flow information for finance and operating leases (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases
Operating cash flows from finance leases
Financing cash flows from finance leases
Maturity Analysis
$
5,299 $
3
30
5,445 $
1
10
3,055
4
68
The following table reflects undiscounted cash flows on an annual basis for the Company’s lease liabilities as of
December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands):
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
Thereafter
Total lease payments
Imputed interest
Discounted lease liability
Operating Leases
Finance Leases
$
$
$
4,913 $
4,786
4,814
4,862
4,740
17,823
41,938 $
(11,556)
30,382 $
25
23
23
23
15
—
109
(22)
87
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had executed an additional operating lease for a new gateway location, which has
not yet commenced since the lessor is continuing to ready the site for use. Accordingly, this lease is not reflected on the balance
sheet as of December 31, 2022 or in the maturity table above. The Company is in the process of evaluating this lease obligation
and expects it to be approximately $2.3 million.
66
4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):
Globalstar System:
Space component
First and second-generation satellites in service
Second-generation satellite, on-ground spare
Ground component
Construction in progress:
Space component
Ground component
Other
Total Globalstar System
Internally developed and purchased software
Equipment
Land and buildings
Leasehold improvements
Total property and equipment
Accumulated depreciation
Total property and equipment, net
As of December 31,
2021
2022
$
1,246,343 $
—
92,125
1,195,509
32,442
282,268
110,068
5,316
9,167
1,463,019
22,509
8,042
1,681
2,083
1,497,334
(936,963)
560,371 $
16,394
33,998
4,123
1,564,734
20,823
8,590
1,149
2,088
1,597,384
(925,228)
672,156
$
Amounts included in "second-generation satellite, on-ground spare" in the table above consist of costs related to one of the
Company's second-generation satellites that was stored as an on-ground spare satellite until its launch in June 2022. The costs
to prepare this satellite for launch were included in "construction in progress - space component" in the table above prior to its
launch. During 2022, $66.7 million in costs associated with the construction and launch of this spare satellite (including
capitalized interest) were placed into service. Since this satellite is expected to remain as an in-orbit spare and will only be
raised to its operational orbit at a future date if needed, it was placed into service following its successful launch.
In February 2022, the Company entered into an agreement with an initial contract price of $327 million for the purchase of
new satellites that will replenish the Company's existing satellite constellation. As of December 31, 2022, the Company
recorded $11.5 million as prepaid satellite construction costs associated with the upfront milestone payment due upon signing
and $98.5 million in construction in progress on its consolidated balance sheet.
The ground component of construction in progress includes costs incurred for assets to upgrade the Company's ground
infrastructure, including costs associated with the procurement of new gateway antennas. During 2022, the Company placed
$28.9 million of costs into service associated with these antennas (including capitalized interest), which are included in ground
component in the table above. These capital expenditures relate primarily to gateway upgrade work in connection with the
Service Agreements.
As discussed in Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 8: Fair Value Measurements, the Company
evaluated the recoverability of its second-generation Duplex assets in September 2022. This evaluation resulted in the removal
of the second-generation Duplex assets from the Company's long-lived asset grouping. The reduction in value of long-lived
assets recorded during the third quarter of 2022 totaled $161.2 million. The table below reflects the reduction in value of long-
lived assets by each component of Property and equipment, net, and Intangible and other assets, net, previously recorded on the
Company's consolidated balance sheets (amounts in thousands, reflected net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, as
applicable, prior to their write downs).
67
Property and equipment, net
Ground component
Construction in progress: ground component
Equipment
Total property and equipment, net
Intangible and other assets, net
Total reduction in value of long-lived assets
Capitalized Interest and Depreciation Expense
Three months ended September 30, 2022
$
$
$
$
154,144
5,545
202
159,891
1,271
161,162
The following table summarizes capitalized interest for the periods indicated below (in thousands):
Interest cost eligible to be capitalized
Interest cost recorded in interest income (expense), net
Net interest capitalized
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
2020
$
$
45,609 $
(29,836)
15,773 $
47,580 $
(43,325)
4,255 $
50,721
(48,064)
2,657
The following table summarizes depreciation expense for the periods indicated below (in thousands):
Depreciation Expense
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
2020
$
85,475 $
84,225 $
84,853
The following table summarizes amortization expense for the periods indicated below (in thousands):
Amortization Expense
Geographic Location of Property and Equipment
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
2020
$
8,409 $
12,012 $
11,962
Long-lived assets consist primarily of property and equipment and are attributed to various countries based on the physical
location of the asset, except for the Company’s satellites which are included in the long-lived assets of the United States. The
Company’s information by geographic area is as follows (in thousands):
Property and equipment:
United States
Central and South America
Canada
Africa
Europe
Asia
Australia
Total property and equipment
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
$
$
519,752 $
15,224
2,582
11,507
2,393
4,410
4,503
560,371 $
621,474
22,981
13,921
5,471
5,136
2,752
421
672,156
68
5. INTANGIBLE AND OTHER ASSETS
Intangible Assets
The Company has intangible assets not subject to amortization, which include certain costs to obtain or defend regulatory
authorizations and a portion of capitalized interest associated with these assets. These costs primarily include efforts related to
the enhancement of the Company's licensed MSS spectrum to provide terrestrial wireless services as well as costs with
international regulatory agencies to obtain similar terrestrial authorizations outside of the United States. This category includes
work in progress assets as well as indefinite lived assets already placed into service. The Company also has intangible assets
subject to amortization, which primarily include developed technology and definite lived MSS licenses.
The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company's intangible assets consist of the following (in
thousands):
December 31, 2022
December 31, 2021
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Carrying
Amount
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Carrying
Amount
Intangible Assets Not Subject to Amortization $ 26,180 $
— $ 26,180 $ 24,906 $
— $ 24,906
Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization:
Developed technology
Regulatory authorizations
$
9,113 $
3,722
$ 12,835 $
(7,292) $
(1,316)
(8,608) $
1,821 $ 11,865 $
3,104
2,406
4,227 $ 14,969 $
(7,949) $
(940)
(8,889) $
3,916
2,164
6,080
Total
$ 39,015 $
(8,608) $ 30,407 $ 39,875 $
(8,889) $ 30,986
For the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded amortization expense on these intangible assets of
$1.2 million. Amortization expense is recorded in operating expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a reduction in value of assets associated with intangible assets
totaling $0.7 million on its consolidated statements of operations (refer to Note 8: Fair Value Measurements for further
discussion).
Excluding the effects of any acquisitions, dispositions or write-downs subsequent to December 31, 2022, total estimated
annual amortization of intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
Thereafter
Total
$
$
841
640
493
444
379
1,430
4,227
69
Other Assets
Other assets consist of the following (in thousands):
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract (Note 1)
Long-term prepaid licenses and royalties (Note 8)
International tax receivables (Note 13)
Compound embedded derivative with the 2019 Facility Agreement (Note 7 and Note 8)
ERP software costs
Other long-term assets
Total other assets
$
$
6. LONG-TERM DEBT AND OTHER FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
Long-term debt consists of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
2022
2021
1,770 $
—
3,552
—
1,131
1,565
8,018 $
1,725
4,380
577
484
919
1,965
10,050
December 31, 2022
December 31, 2021
Unamortized
Discount and
Deferred
Financing
Costs
Principal
Amount
Carrying
Value
Principal
Amount
Unamortized
Discount and
Deferred
Financing
Costs
Carrying
Value
$
2019 Facility Agreement
Vendor financing
8.00% Convertible Senior Notes
Issued in 2013
Total debt and vendor financing
Less: current portion
Long-term debt and vendor financing $
143,213 $
59,822
—
203,035
59,822
143,213 $
11,098 $
11,098
—
11,098 $
132,115 $
59,822
263,812 $
—
—
191,937
59,822
132,115 $
1,407
265,219
—
265,219 $
27,287 $
—
—
27,287
—
27,287 $
236,525
—
1,407
237,932
—
237,932
The principal amounts shown above include payment of in-kind interest, as applicable. The carrying value is net of deferred
financing costs and any discounts to the loan amounts at issuance, including accretion. All amounts outstanding associated with
the Company's vendor financing arrangement are due within the next twelve months and, therefore, are reflected as a current
liability on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
2019 Facility Agreement
In November 2019, the Company entered into a $199.0 million facility agreement with Thermo, an affiliate of EchoStar
Corporation and certain other unaffiliated lenders (the "2019 Facility Agreement"). The 2019 Facility Agreement is scheduled
to mature in November 2025. The remaining loans under the 2019 Facility Agreement bear interest at a rate of 14.0% per
annum to be paid in kind (or in cash, at the option of the Company).
The Service Agreements require the Company to refinance all loans outstanding under the 2019 Facility Agreement. A
portion was refinanced in November 2022 and the remaining portion is to be refinanced by March 13, 2023 (as amended). On
February 13, 2023, the Company provided notice, as required under the 2019 Facility Agreement, to the remaining lender of its
intent to voluntarily prepay all remaining amounts due under the 2019 Facility Agreement.
In connection with our Partner's launch of Services on November 15, 2022, the Company was obligated to complete the
Thermo Debt Conversion (as described in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 7, 2022). To satisfy this obligation,
the Company entered into an Exchange Agreement dated as of November 15, 2022 (the “Exchange Agreement”) with affiliates
of Thermo and certain other lenders (collectively, the “Exchanging Lenders”) providing for the exchange of $149.4 million
outstanding principal amount of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, the Exchanging Lenders’ loans under the 2019 Facility
Agreement for 149,425 shares of 7.0% Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, liquidation preference $1,000 per share (the “Series
A Preferred Stock”).
70
The Company recorded the debt extinguishment in the fourth quarter of 2022 representing the difference between the net
carrying amount prior to extinguishment (including unamortized deferred financing costs, debt discounts and derivatives) and
the reacquisition price of the debt. In accordance with accounting guidance for debt extinguishment with related parties, the
Company recorded the portion exchanged by Thermo of $30.8 million as a contribution to capital through equity on its
consolidated balance sheets. For the portion exchanged by other lenders, the Company recorded a gain on extinguishment of
debt totaling $2.8 million on its consolidated statements of operations.
The Company's obligations under the 2019 Facility Agreement are guaranteed on a senior secured basis by all of its
domestic subsidiaries' assets and are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of the assets of the Company and its
domestic subsidiaries (other than their FCC licenses), including patents and trademarks, 100% of the equity of the Company's
domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the equity of certain foreign subsidiaries.
The cash proceeds from this loan were net of a 3%, or $6.0 million, original issue discount (the "OID"). A portion of this
OID was recorded as a debt discount of $4.0 million. This debt discount was netted against the principal amount of the loan and
is being accreted using an effective interest method to interest expense over the term of the loan.
As additional consideration for the loan, the Company issued the lenders warrants to purchase 124.5 million shares of voting
common stock at an exercise price of $0.38 per share. The Company determined that the warrants were equity instruments and
recorded them as a part of stockholders’ equity. A portion of the fair value of the warrants was recorded as a debt discount of
$15.8 million. This debt discount was netted against the principal amount of the loan and is being accreted using an effective
interest method to interest expense over the term of the loan. All of the warrants issued to the lenders were exercised before
their expiration date on March 31, 2021.
The 2019 Facility Agreement contains customary events of default and requires that the Company satisfy various financial
and non-financial covenants, including the following items that were in place as of December 31, 2022:
• The Company's capital expenditures do not exceed $25.0 million for 2021 or 2022, excluding capital expenditures for the
replacement satellites and network upgrades associated with the Service Agreements;
• The Company's expenditures in connection with its spectrum rights do not exceed $20.0 million;
• The Company maintains at all times a minimum liquidity balance of $3.6 million;
• The Company achieves minimum adjusted consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the 2019 Facility Agreement) of
$21.1 million and $27.1 million for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022, respectively;
• The Company maintains a minimum debt service coverage ratio of 0.90:1;
• The Company maintains a maximum net debt to adjusted consolidated EBITDA ratio of 2.75:1; and
• The Company maintains a minimum interest coverage ratio of 4.73:1 for the two semi-annual measurement periods
leading up to December 31, 2022.
The Company received waivers from its senior lenders to permit certain transactions during 2022. including capital
expenditures associated with our obligations under the Service Agreements, vendor financing associated with the MDA
agreement, termination of the Globalstar pension plan, and redemption of the 2013 8.00% Notes.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with the covenants of the 2019 Facility Agreement.
The 2019 Facility Agreement requires mandatory prepayments of principal with any Excess Cash Flow (as defined and
calculated in the 2019 Facility Agreement) on a semi-annual basis. The Company generated excess cash flow for the six-month
measurement period ended June 30, 2022 and was required to pay $6.3 million to its lenders in August 2022. This payment
reduced future principal payment obligations. The Company generated excess cash flow for the six-month measurement period
ended December 31, 2022 and will be required to pay approximately $2.0 million if the debt remains outstanding on March 16,
2023.
The Company evaluated the various embedded derivatives within the 2019 Facility Agreement related to certain
contingently exercisable put options. Due to the substantial discount upon issuance, as calculated under applicable accounting
guidance, these prepayment features were required to be bifurcated and separately valued. The Company initially recorded the
compound embedded derivative liability as a non-current liability on its consolidated balance sheets with a corresponding debt
discount, which is netted against the face value of the 2019 Facility Agreement. The Company is accreting the debt discount
associated with the compound embedded derivative liability to interest expense through the maturity date using an effective
71
interest rate method. Refer to Note 7: Derivatives and Note 8: Fair Value Measurements for further discussion on the compound
embedded derivative bifurcated from the 2019 Facility Agreement.
Thermo's participation in the 2019 Facility Agreement was reviewed and approved by the Company's Strategic Review
Committee, which is a committee of disinterested and independent directors who are represented by independent legal counsel.
See Note 11: Related Party Transactions for further information on the role and responsibility of the Strategic Review
Committee.
Vendor Financing
In February 2022, the Company entered into a satellite procurement agreement with MDA (see Note 9: Commitments and
Contingencies for further discussion). This agreement (as amended in October 2022 and January 2023) provides for deferrals of
milestone payments through March 15, 2023. The Company received a waiver from its senior lenders to permit this vendor
financing as subordinated indebtedness, The Company has made $34 million in payments to MDA under this agreement,
including $14 million during the fourth quarter 2022 and $20 million in January 2023. Interest accrues on the amount
outstanding at an annual rate of 7%, which increased to 10.5% on balances between December 2022 and March 2023. As of
December 31, 2022, the Company had recorded $59.8 million in short-term vendor financing and total accrued interest of
$1.3 million on its consolidated balance sheet associated with this agreement. The Company has also accrued $36.1 million on
its consolidated balance sheet associated with work performed but not yet billed. As discussed in the Recent Developments
section of Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in February 2023, Globalstar and its Partner under the Service
Agreements agreed to amend the Service Agreements to provide for, among other things, Partner’s prepayment of $252 million
to pay amounts currently due and payable, as well as other amounts as they become due and payable, under the satellite
procurement agreement.
Series A Preferred Stock
As discussed above, on November 15, 2022, the Company issued 149,425 shares of Series A Preferred Stock in exchange
for $149.4 million outstanding principal amount of its 2019 Facility Agreement, and recorded the fair value of the shares
totaling $105.3 million on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. The shares of Series A Preferred Stock do not possess
voting rights, other than certain matters specifically affecting the rights and obligations of the Series A Preferred.
Holders of Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by our Board of Directors or a
committee thereof, cumulative cash dividends based on the liquidation preference of the Series A Preferred Stock, at a fixed rate
equal to 7.00% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on
January 1, 2023. In January 2023, the Company's Board of Directors approved the payment of dividends totaling $1.3 million
for the period November 15, 2022 through December 31, 2022, and these dividends have been paid.
Series A Preferred Stock may be redeemed by the Company, in whole or in part, at any time. The holders of the Series A
Preferred Stock do not have any rights to convert or require the Company to redeem such stock. The holders of the Series A
Preferred stock have customary liquidation preferences.
Refer to Note 8: Fair Value Measurements for further discussion on the valuation of the preferred stock.
8.00% Convertible Senior Notes Issued in 2013
In May 2013, the Company issued $54.6 million aggregate principal amount of its 2013 8.00% Notes. During 2022, the
holders converted the remaining principal amount outstanding of $1.4 million into 2.3 million shares of Globalstar common
stock at a conversion price of $0.69 per share.
As a result of the conversions during 2022, the Company recorded gains and losses on extinguishment of debt resulting from
the difference between the fair value of shares of Globalstar common stock issued to the holders and the principal amount of the
notes that converted as well as the write-offs of the embedded derivative associated with the 2013 8.00% Notes. The net impact
to the Company's consolidated statements of operations in 2022 was a gain of less than $0.1 million.
Refer to Note 7: Derivatives and Note 8: Fair Value Measurements for further discussion on the compound embedded
derivative bifurcated from the 2013 8.00% Notes.
72
2009 Facility Agreement
In 2009, the Company entered into a facility agreement with a syndicate of bank lenders (the "2009 Facility Agreement"). In
2021, the Company fully repaid the 2009 Facility Agreement prior to its scheduled maturity in December 2022. In connection
with the debt prepayments and final payoff made during 2021, the Company recorded net losses on extinguishment of debt
totaling $1.9 million on its consolidated statements of operations representing the difference between the net carrying amount
prior to extinguishment (including unamortized deferred financing costs) and the reacquisition price of the debt (primarily
including of the partial refund of premiums).
Paycheck Protection Program Loan
In April 2020, the Company sought relief under the CARES Act and received a $5.0 million loan under the Paycheck
Protection Program ("PPP"), (the "PPP Loan"). In June 2021, the Small Business Administration approved the Company's
request for forgiveness of all amounts outstanding under the PPP Loan, including accrued interest. The Company evaluated the
applicable accounting guidance relative to the PPP Loan and accounted for the proceeds of the PPP Loan as debt under ASC
470. As the entire principal balance, including accrued interest, was forgiven in June 2021, the Company recorded a gain on
extinguishment of debt totaling $5.0 million on its consolidated statements of operations.
Debt maturities
Annual debt maturities for each of the five years following December 31, 2022 and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
Thereafter
Total
$
$
—
—
143,213
—
—
—
143,213
Amounts in the above table are calculated based on amounts outstanding at December 31, 2022, and therefore exclude paid-
in-kind interest payments that will be made in future periods. Additionally, amounts in the table above exclude the Company's
vendor financing arrangement, of which $59.8 million was outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and future recoupment
amounts due under the Service Agreements.
7. DERIVATIVES
The Company has identified various embedded derivatives resulting from certain features in the Company’s existing
borrowing arrangements, requiring recognition on its consolidated balance sheets. None of these derivative instruments are
designated as a hedge. The following table discloses the fair values of the derivative instruments on the Company’s
consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):
December 31,
2022
2021
Derivative (liabilities) assets:
Compound embedded derivative with the 2019 Facility Agreement
Compound embedded derivative with the 2013 8.00% Notes
$
$
(122) $
— $
484
(1,364)
As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the derivative (liability) asset recorded for the compound embedded
derivative with the 2019 Facility Agreement was reflected in Other non-current liabilities and Intangible and other assets, net,
respectively, on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. During the first quarter of 2022, the remaining principal amount of
the 2013 8.00% Notes was converted into shares of Globalstar common stock; accordingly, the associated derivative is no
longer outstanding. Prior to this conversion, the derivative liability associated with the 2013 8.00% Notes was included in Other
non-current liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
73
The following table discloses the changes in value recorded as derivative (loss) gain in the Company’s consolidated
statement of operations (in thousands):
Compound embedded derivative with the 2013 8.00% Notes
Compound embedded derivative with the Loan Agreement with Thermo
Compound embedded derivative with the 2019 Facility Agreement
Total derivative (loss) gain
$
$
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
2020
216 $
—
(1,021)
(805) $
(1,241) $
—
198
(1,043) $
399
212
2,286
2,897
The fair value of each embedded derivative is marked-to-market at the end of each reporting period, or more frequently as
deemed necessary, with any changes in value reported in the consolidated statements of operations and consolidated statements
of cash flows as a non-cash operating activity. The Company classifies its derivatives consistent with the classification of the
underlying debt on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. See Note 8: Fair Value Measurements for further discussion.
Each liability or asset and the features embedded in the debt instrument, which required the Company to account for the
instrument as a derivative, are described below.
Compound Embedded Derivative with the 2019 Facility Agreement
As a result of certain contingently exercisable put features within the 2019 Facility Agreement, the Company initially
recorded a compound embedded derivative liability on its consolidated balance sheet with a corresponding debt discount that is
netted against the face value of the 2019 Facility Agreement. The Company determined the fair value of the compound
embedded derivative liability using a probability weighted discounted cash flow model. In November 2022, the Company
exchanged a portion of the 2019 Facility Agreement into Series A Preferred Stock. As a result of this exchange, the Company
wrote off a portion of the embedded derivative associated with the 2019 Facility Agreement during the fourth quarter of 2022.
See Note 6: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements for further discussion.
Compound Embedded Derivative with 2013 8.00% Notes
As a result of the conversion option and the contingent put feature within the 2013 8.00% Notes, the Company recorded a
compound embedded derivative liability on its consolidated balance sheets with a corresponding debt discount that was netted
against the face value of the 2013 8.00% Notes. The Company determined the fair value of the compound embedded derivative
liability using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The Company classified this derivative liability consistent with the
classification of the 2013 8.00% Notes on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. During the first quarter of 2022, the
compound embedded derivative with the 2013 8.00% Notes was extinguished.
Compound Embedded Derivative with the Loan Agreement with Thermo
As a result of the conversion option and the contingent put feature within the Loan Agreement with Thermo as amended and
restated in 2013, the Company recorded a compound embedded derivative liability on its consolidated balance sheets with a
corresponding debt discount that was netted against the face value of the Loan Agreement. The Company determined the fair
value of the compound embedded derivative liability using a Monte Carlo simulation model. During the first quarter of 2020,
the compound embedded derivative with the Loan Agreement with Thermo was extinguished.
8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company follows the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements relating to financial and non-financial assets
and liabilities, including presentation of required disclosures herein. This guidance establishes a fair value framework requiring
the categorization of assets and liabilities into three levels based upon the assumptions (inputs) used to price the assets and
liabilities. Level 1 provides the most reliable measure of fair value, whereas Level 3 generally requires significant management
judgment. The three levels are defined as follows:
Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or
liabilities.
Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for
substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
74
Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and
unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following tables provide a summary of the assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in
thousands):
Liabilities:
Compound embedded derivative with the 2019 Facility
Agreement
Total liabilities measured at fair value
Assets:
Compound embedded derivative with the 2019 Facility
Agreement
Total assets measured at fair value
Liabilities:
Compound embedded derivative with the 2013 8.00%
Notes
Total liabilities measured at fair value
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022:
(Level 1)
(Level 2)
(Level 3)
Total
Balance
— $
— $
— $
— $
(122) $
(122) $
(122)
(122)
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021:
(Level 1)
(Level 2)
(Level 3)
Total
Balance
— $
— $
— $
— $
484 $
484 $
484
484
— $
— $
— $
— $
(1,364) $
(1,364) $
(1,364)
(1,364)
$
$
$
$
$
$
All of the Company's derivative assets and liabilities are classified as Level 3. The Company marks-to-market these assets
and liabilities at each reporting date, or more frequently as deemed necessary, with the changes in fair value recognized in the
Company’s consolidated statements of operations. See Note 7: Derivatives for further discussion.
2013 8.00% Notes
The significant quantitative Level 3 inputs utilized in the valuation models are shown in the tables below:
December 31, 2021:
Note
Conversion
Price
Risk-Free
Interest Rate
Stock Price
Volatility
Discount
Rate
Market Price of
Common Stock
Compound embedded derivative with the 2013
8.00% Notes
120 - 139%
0.5%
$0.69
18%
$1.16
Fluctuation in the Company’s stock price and stock price volatility were significant drivers of the change in the compound
embedded derivative with the 2013 8.00% Notes. Increases in these inputs resulted in a higher fair value measurement.
2019 Facility Agreement
The compound embedded derivative with the 2019 Facility Agreement is valued using a probability weighted discounted
cash flow model. The most significant observable input used in the fair value measurement is the discount yield, which was
21% and 13% at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. When the discount yield utilized in the valuation is higher than the
blended interest rate of the underlying debt, the features embedded in the underlying debt result in a liability for the Company.
Conversely, when the discount yield is lower than the blended interest rate of the underlying debt, the features embedded in the
underlying debt result in an asset for the Company. The unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement include the
probability of change of control and the estimated timing and amounts of cash flows associated with certain mandatory
prepayments within the debt agreement. As the expected timing and amount of prepayments decrease, the fair value of the
75
embedded derivative also decrease. During 2022, the Company's expected probability of refinancing the 2019 Facility
Agreement increased and therefore the fair value of the embedded derivative reduced. See Note 6: Long-Term Debt and Other
Financing Arrangements for further discussion.
Rollforward of Recurring Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
The following table presents a rollforward for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in thousands):
Balances at beginning of period
Derivative adjustment related to debt conversions and extinguishments
Unrealized loss, included in derivative (loss) gain
Balances at end of period
Fair Value of Debt Instruments and Vendor Financing
Year Ended December 31,
2022
2021
$
$
(880) $
1,563
(805)
(122) $
163
—
(1,043)
(880)
The Company believes it is not practicable to determine the fair value of the 2019 Facility Agreement without incurring
significant additional costs. Unlike typical long-term debt, certain terms for this instrument are not readily available and
generally involve a variety of factors, including due diligence by the debt holders. The Company's vendor financing
arrangement is recorded at net carrying value, which approximates fair value. As previously disclosed, the remaining principal
amount of the 2013 8.00% Notes was converted into shares of Globalstar common stock during 2022; accordingly, there is no
value in the table below as of December 31, 2022. The following table sets forth the carrying value and estimated fair value of
the Company's Level 3 financial instruments (in thousands):
2013 8.00% Notes
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
December 31, 2022
December 31, 2021
Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair Value
Carrying
Value
Estimated
Fair Value
$
— $
— $
1,407 $
1,265
The Company follows the authoritative guidance regarding non-financial assets and liabilities that are remeasured at fair
value on a nonrecurring basis.
Derivative Liabilities
During 2022, the remaining principal balance of the 2013 8.00% Notes was converted into shares of Globalstar common
stock, eliminating the principal balance outstanding. As a result of the conversions, the Company wrote off the proportionate
fair value of the compound embedded derivative liability within the 2013 8.00% Notes based on the value of the derivative on
each conversion date. As of each conversion date, the fair value of the compound embedded derivative liability within the 2013
8.00% Notes was $0.8 million. The significant quantitative Level 3 inputs utilized in the valuation models as of the conversion
date are shown in the table below:
February 17, 2022
Note
Conversion
Price
Discount
Rate
Market Price
of Common
Stock
$0.69
18 %
$1.00
Risk-Free
Interest Rate
0.06 %
March 9, 2022
Risk-Free
Interest Rate
0.18 %
Note
Conversion
Price
Discount
Rate
Market Price
of Common
Stock
$0.69
19 %
$1.21
Compound embedded derivative with the 2013 8.00% Notes
Compound embedded derivative with the 2013 8.00% Notes
76
Prepaid and Other Current Assets, Intangible and Other Assets and Long-Lived Assets
Prepaid and other current assets, intangible and other assets and long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever
events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. During 2022, the Company
wrote down the value of certain assets as reflected in the table below (in thousands).
Prepaid and other current assets
Prepaid licenses and royalties (1)
Intangible and other assets, net
Prepaid licenses and royalties (1)
Internally developed technology and software (2)
Spectrum intangible assets (3)
Property and equipment, net (2)
Grand Total
$
183
4,514
1,271
667
159,891
166,526
$
(1) While developing its second-generation Duplex technology that supported the Sat-Fi2® device, the Company signed
various licensing and royalty agreements necessary for the manufacture and distribution of such products and services.
Prepayments associated with these agreements were classified as either current or non-current based on the estimated
portion of expense to be recognized over the next twelve months. As of September 7, 2022, approximately
$0.2 million and $4.5 million, respectively, was recorded in Prepaid and other current assets and Intangible and other
assets, net, on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. On September 7, 2022, these prepaid assets were no longer
considered recoverable. The Company recorded a reduction in value of long-lived assets on its consolidated statements
of operations for the amount shown in the table above during the third quarter of 2022.
(2) During 2018 and 2019, the Company placed into service second-generation ground Duplex assets (including
associated developed technology and software upgrades) capable of providing commercial traffic to support Sat-Fi2®.
Additionally, the Company recorded certain costs in construction in progress for spare software associated with the
second-generation Duplex assets. On September 7, 2022, the Company re-assessed its asset grouping for long-lived
assets and determined that the second-generation Duplex assets are no longer part of the Company's overall satellite
and ground network. These second-generation Duplex assets will no longer provide future cash flows to the Company.
Note that our first-generation Duplex assets (i.e. handsets and related ground infrastructure) were not impacted. As of
September 7, 2022, approximately $1.3 million was recorded in Intangible and other assets, net, and $159.9 million
was recorded in Property and equipment, net. The Company recorded a reduction in value of long-lived assets on its
consolidated statements of operations for this amount during 2022.
(3) During 2022, the Company wrote off approximately $0.7 million of work in progress associated with its spectrum
intangible assets, previously recorded in Intangible and other assets, net, on its consolidated balance sheets. The work
in progress was related to efforts to obtain spectrum licensing authority in certain countries around the world; during
2022, the Company determined that it would not continue pursing such authorities in these countries.
During 2021, the Company wrote off approximately $0.2 million of construction in progress related to unsatisfactory work
that did not meet internal testing requirements and could not be used for its intended purpose. The fair value of the assets
included internal and external direct costs associated with the construction in progress balance.
Series A Preferred Stock
As discussed further in Note 6: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements, on November 15, 2022, the Company
issued 149,425 shares of Series A Preferred Stock. The total fair value of the Series A Preferred Stock on the issuance date was
$105.3 million, which was determined using a discounted cash flow model and a perpetuity formula for various scenarios. The
most significant observable input used in the fair value measurement is the discount yield, which was 32% on the valuation
date. The most significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement include the probability of redemption of the
preferred stock by the Company as well as the assumed method of payment (cash or accrual) of dividends.
77
9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Service Agreements
The Service Agreements set forth the primary terms for the Company to provide services to Partner and incur costs related
primarily to new gateways and upgrades at existing gateways as well as satellite construction and launch costs. The Service
Agreements have an indefinite term but provide that either party may terminate subject to certain notice requirements and, in
some cases, other conditions. The Service Agreements also provide for various commitments with which the Company must
comply, including to:
• Allocate 85% of its current and future network capacity to support the Services;
•
•
Provide and maintain all resources, including personnel, software, satellite, gateways, satellite spectrum and regulatory
rights necessary to provide the Services (the “Required Resources”);
Prioritize the Services and provide Partner with priority access to the Required Resources, including the Company’s
licensed satellite spectrum;
• Maintain minimum quality and coverage standards and provide continuity of service;
• Maintain minimum liquidity of $10.0 million;
• Allow Partner to recoup advance payments made to Globalstar from future service fees or, to the extent recoupment is
not possible, to repay such amounts in cash; and,
•
Provide the Resource Protections as defined in the Service Agreements.
The Service Agreements also require the Company (i) upon commencement of the Services, to refinance all loans
outstanding under the 2019 Facility Agreement that are held by affiliates of the Thermo and (ii) to refinance all loans
outstanding under the 2019 Facility Agreement that are held by persons other than Thermo by March 13, 2023 (as amended).
The required refinancing of the Thermo portion of the 2019 Facility Agreement was complete in November 2022.
Partner has the right, but not the obligation, to participate in certain issuances of the Company’s equity securities, in order to
maintain its percentage interest in the Company (determined on a fully diluted basis, assuming exercise of all the Warrants).
Refer to Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Note 2: Revenue, Note 3: Leases, Note 4: Property and
Equipment, Note 6: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements and Note 15: Stock Compensation for further
discussion.
Satellite Procurement Agreement
In February 2022, the Company entered into a satellite procurement agreement with MDA pursuant to which Globalstar will
acquire 17 satellites that will replenish Globalstar's existing constellation of satellites and ensure long-term continuity of its
mobile satellite services. Globalstar is acquiring the satellites to provide continuous satellite services to Partner under the
Service Agreements, as well as services to Globalstar’s current and future customers. Globalstar maintains the option to acquire
additional satellites under the contract. Globalstar plans to contract separately for launch services and launch insurance for the
new satellites. The initial contract price for 17 satellites is $327.0 million; Globalstar has the option to purchase additional
satellites at a lower per unit cost, subject to certain conditions. The satellites are expected to be launched in 2025. In addition,
MDA will procure a satellite operations control center for $4.9 million. Under the Service Agreements, subject to certain terms
and conditions, Partner has agreed to make service payments equal to 95% of the approved capital expenditures under the
satellite procurement agreement (to be paid on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the satellites) and certain other costs
incurred for the new satellites, as adjusted based on certain provisions, beginning with the Phase 2 Service Period.
Refer to Note 6: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements for further discussion of the vendor financing
arrangement with MDA.
78
Network Obligations
The Company has purchase commitments with certain vendors related to the procurement, deployment and maintenance of
the Company's network (beyond the satellite procurement agreement with MDA discussed above). As of December 31, 2022,
the Company's remaining purchase obligations under these noncancelable commitments are approximately $4.1 million; the
timing of payments is driven by work performed under the contracts over the remaining contract periods, which is expected to
be complete during 2023.
Inventory Purchase Commitments
The Company has inventory purchase commitments with its third party product manufacturers in the normal course of
business. These commitments are generally noncancelable and the order quantities are based on sales forecasts. The Company
estimates that its open inventory purchase commitments as of December 31, 2022 were approximately $14.0 million.
Credit Card Processor Reserve
The Company is required to maintain a reserve of $5.0 million with its credit card processor to address any liability arising
from potential charge-backs. The balance at December 31, 2022 was $5.0 million and is recorded in prepaid expenses and other
current assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as the required reserve is held with the credit card processor.
Litigation
Due to the nature of the Company's business, the Company is involved, from time to time, in various litigation matters or
subject to disputes or routine claims regarding its business activities. Legal costs related to these matters are expensed as
incurred. In management's opinion, there is no pending litigation, dispute or claim, which could be expected to have a material
adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
10. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):
Accrued compensation and benefits
Accrued satellite and ground costs
Accrued property and other taxes
Accrued customer liabilities and deposits
Accrued professional and other service provider fees
Accrued commissions
Accrued telecommunications expenses
Accrued inventory
Short-term lease liability
Accrued interest
Other accrued expenses
Total accrued expenses
December 31,
2022
2021
4,497 $
36,500
3,293
5,233
1,190
470
657
874
2,747
1,291
1,694
58,446 $
4,687
6,195
4,053
5,354
2,094
601
705
1,474
2,501
33
1,250
28,947
$
$
Accrued satellite and ground costs in the table above includes $36.1 million of milestone work partially incurred, but not
yet accepted, under the Company's satellite agreement with MDA.
Accrued compensation and benefits include primarily accrued vacation, payroll, benefits and taxes.
Other accrued expenses include primarily vendor services, warranty reserve and occupancy costs.
79
The following is a summary of the activity in the warranty reserve account, which is included in other accrued expenses
above (in thousands):
Balance at beginning of period
Provision
Utilization
Balance at end of period
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
2020
$
$
162 $
93
(151)
104 $
212 $
361
(411)
162 $
186
543
(517)
212
Other non-current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
Employee benefit obligations (Note 12)
Asset retirement obligations (Note 1)
Compound embedded derivative with the 2013 8.00% Notes (Note 7 and Note 8)
Compound embedded derivative with the 2019 Facility Agreement (Note 7 and Note 8)
Deferred tax liability (Note 13)
Foreign tax contingencies
Other
Total other non-current liabilities
$
$
December 31,
2022
2021
— $
2,953
—
122
322
530
68
3,995 $
3,289
2,461
1,364
—
296
474
3
7,887
Foreign tax contingencies reflect primarily amounts owed by the Company's Brazilian subsidiary pursuant to refinancing
programs in country.
11. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Thermo is the principal owner and largest stockholder of Globalstar. The Company's Executive Chairman of the Board
controls Thermo. Two other members of the Company's Board of Directors are also directors, officers or minority equity
owners of various Thermo entities.
Payables to Thermo and other affiliates related to normal purchase transactions were $0.3 million and $0.4 million as of
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Transactions with Thermo
Certain general and administrative expenses are incurred by Thermo on behalf of the Company. These expenses, which
include non-cash expenses that the Company accounts for as a contribution to capital, related to services provided by certain
executive officers of Thermo, and expenses incurred by Thermo on behalf of the Company that are charged to the Company.
The expenses charged are based on actual amounts (with no mark-up) incurred by Thermo or upon allocated employee time.
The Company has a lease agreement with Thermo Covington, LLC for the Company's headquarters office. Annual lease
payments started at $1.4 million per year, increasing at a rate of 2.5% per year, for a lease term of ten years. During each of the
twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company incurred lease expense of $1.6 million, respectively,
associated with this lease agreement.
In November 2019, the Company entered into the 2019 Facility Agreement. Thermo's participation in the 2019 Facility
Agreement was $95.1 million. This principal balance earned paid-in-kind interest at a rate of 13% per annum. To fulfill its
obligations under the Service Agreements, in November 2022, the Company entered into an exchange agreement with affiliates
of Thermo and certain other Exchanging Lenders providing for the exchange of all the outstanding principal amount of, and
accrued and unpaid interest on, the Exchanging Lenders’ loans under the 2019 Facility Agreement for shares of the Company's
Series A Preferred Stock. The terms of the exchange agreement were reviewed and approved by the Company's Board of
Directors and Audit Committee. Prior to the exchange, interest accrued since inception with respect to Thermo's portion of the
debt outstanding on the 2019 Facility Agreement was approximately $44.6 million, of which $14.9 million was accrued during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2022.
80
Also in connection with the Service Agreements, Partner and Thermo entered into a lock-up and right of first offer
agreement that generally (i) requires Thermo to offer any shares of Globalstar common stock to Partner before transferring
them to any other Person other than affiliates of Thermo and (ii) prohibits Thermo from transferring shares of Globalstar
common stock if such transfer would cause Thermo to hold less than 51.00% of the outstanding common stock of the Company
for a period of five years from the Service Launch in November 2022.
Amounts payable by the Company in connection with the 2023 Prepayment with Partner will be guaranteed by Thermo,
subject to applicable shareholder approval. Prior to such shareholder approval, Thermo has agreed to provide support of certain
of the Company’s obligations under the Service Agreements, the Satellite Procurement Agreement, and certain related contracts
directly to the Partner.
The Company has a Strategic Review Committee that is required to remain in existence for as long as Thermo and its
affiliates beneficially own forty-five percent (45%) or more of Globalstar’s outstanding common stock. To the extent permitted
by applicable law, the Strategic Review Committee has exclusive responsibility for the oversight, review and approval of,
among other things and subject to certain exceptions, any acquisition by Thermo and its affiliates of additional newly-issued
securities of the Company and any transaction between the Company and Thermo and its affiliates with a value in excess
of $250,000.
See Note 6: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements for further discussion of the Company's debt and financing
transactions with Thermo.
12. PENSIONS AND OTHER EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
Defined Benefit Plan
In August 2022, the Company terminated its defined benefit pension plan, which had been frozen since 2003. As such, there
are no remaining pension plan obligations as of December 31, 2022. The total settlement of $7.7 million was paid out through
assets held in the Globalstar Plan and cash on hand, totaling $5.0 million and $2.7 million, respectively.
Defined Benefit Pension Obligation and Funded Status
The Company's funding policy was to fund its defined benefit pension plan in accordance with the Internal Revenue Code
and regulations. Below is a reconciliation of projected benefit obligation, plan assets and the funded status of the Company’s
defined benefit plan (in thousands):
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation, beginning of year
Service cost
Interest cost
Actuarial (gain) loss
Settlement
Benefits paid
Projected benefit obligation, end of year
Change in fair value of plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year
Return on plan assets
Employer contributions
Settlement
Benefits paid
Fair value of plan assets, end of year
Funded status, end of year-net liability
81
Year Ended December 31,
2022
2021
$
$
$
$
$
9,051 $
117
168
(1,340)
(7,663)
(333)
— $
5,762 $
(643)
2,877
(7,663)
(333)
— $
— $
9,179
174
225
(45)
—
(482)
9,051
5,529
485
230
—
(482)
5,762
(3,289)
Net Benefit Cost and Amounts Recognized
Components of the net periodic benefit cost of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan were as follows (in thousands):
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets
Amortization of unrecognized net actuarial loss
Settlement
Total net periodic benefit cost
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
2020
$
$
117 $
168
(216)
91
1,501
1,661 $
174 $
225
(309)
189
—
279 $
176
521
(793)
300
2,075
2,279
In December 2020, the Company settled a portion of the pension liability. In August 2022, the remaining obligations were
fully settled. In accordance with ASC 715 Compensation — Retirement Benefits, the Company recognized losses totaling
$1.5 million and $2.1 million, respectively. These losses are included in other (expense) income in its consolidated statement of
operations during the periods associated with these settlements. The losses represent the pro rata portion of actuarial losses that
were previously deferred in other comprehensive income. Components of net periodic benefit cost other than the service cost
component are recorded in other (expense) income in the consolidated statement of operations.
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet were as follows (in thousands):
Amounts recognized:
Funded status recognized in other non-current liabilities
Net actuarial loss recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net amount recognized in retained deficit
Assumptions
December 31,
2022
2021
$
$
— $
—
— $
(3,289)
2,073
(1,216)
The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation and net periodic benefit cost were as follows:
Benefit obligation assumptions:
Discount rate
Rate of compensation increase
Net periodic benefit cost assumptions:
Discount rate
Expected rate of return on plan assets
Rate of compensation increase
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
2020
N/A
N/A
2.84 %
5.75 %
N/A
2.84 %
N/A
2.50 %
5.75 %
N/A
2.50 %
N/A
3.28 %
6.50 %
N/A
The assumptions, investment policies and strategies for the Globalstar Plan were determined by the Globalstar Plan
Committee. The Globalstar Plan Committee was responsible for ensuring the investments of the plans were managed in a
prudent and effective manner. Amounts related to the pension plan were derived from actuarial and other assumptions,
including discount rates, mortality, expected rate of return, participant data and termination. The Company reviewed
assumptions on an annual basis and made adjustments as considered necessary.
The expected rate of return on pension plan assets was selected by taking into account the expected duration of the projected
benefit obligation for the plan, the asset mix of the plan and the fact that the plan assets were actively managed to mitigate risk.
Discount rates were determined annually based on the Plan administrator’s yield curve index, which considered expected
benefit payments and was discounted with rates from the yield curve to determine a single equivalent discount rate.
82
Plan Assets and Investment Policies and Strategies
The plan assets were invested in various mutual funds which had quoted prices. The plan had a target allocation. On a
weighted-average basis, target allocations for equity securities ranged from 50% to 60%, for debt securities 25% to 50% and for
other investments 0% to 15%. The defined benefit pension plan asset allocations as of the measurement date presented as a
percentage of total plan assets were as follows:
Equity securities
Debt securities
Total
December 31,
2022
2021
N/A
N/A
N/A
55 %
45
100 %
The fair values of the Company’s pension plan assets by asset category were as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2021
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
Total
United States equity securities
International equity securities
Fixed income securities
Other
Total
Accumulated Benefit Obligation
$
$
2,542 $
631
1,693
896
5,762 $
— $
—
—
—
— $
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)
—
—
—
—
—
2,542 $
631
1,693
896
5,762 $
The accumulated benefit obligation of the defined benefit pension plan was zero and $9.1 million at December 31, 2022 and
2021, respectively.
Benefits Payments and Contributions
For 2022 and 2021, the Company contributed $2.9 million and $0.2 million, respectively, to its defined benefit pension plan.
401(k) Plan
The Company has a defined contribution employee savings plan, or “401(k),” which provides that the Company may match
the contributions of participating employees up to a designated level. Under this plan, the matching contributions were
approximately $0.5 million for 2022 and $0.6 million for each of 2021 and 2020.
83
13. TAXES
The components of income tax (benefit) expense were as follows (in thousands):
Current:
Federal tax
State tax
Foreign tax
Total
Deferred:
Federal and state tax
Foreign tax
Total
Income tax (benefit) expense
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
2020
$
$
— $
82
(9)
73
—
—
—
73 $
— $
153
7
160
(459)
—
(459)
(299) $
—
54
248
302
360
—
360
662
U.S. and foreign components of loss before income taxes are presented below (in thousands):
U.S. loss
Foreign loss
Total loss before income taxes
$
$
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
(232,148) $
(24,694)
(256,842) $
(79,452) $
(33,472)
(112,924) $
2020
(82,740)
(26,237)
(108,977)
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had cumulative U.S., state and foreign net operating loss ("NOL")
carryforwards for income tax reporting purposes of approximately $2.0 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively. The vast majority
of these NOL carryforwards were generated prior to 2018 and expire through 2042 (with less than 1% expiring prior to 2026)
and the remaining NOL carryforwards do not expire.
The components of net deferred income tax assets (liabilities) were as follows (in thousands):
Federal and foreign NOL and credit carryforwards
Property and equipment and other long-term assets
Deferred Revenue
Reserves and disallowed interest
Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance
Valuation allowance
Net deferred income tax liability
December 31,
2022
479,884 $
(77,925)
25,774
8,919
436,652
(436,948)
(296) $
2021
498,882
(114,722)
—
10,195
394,355
(394,651)
(296)
$
$
The deferred revenue tax asset in the table above is related to a portion of the prepayments made by Partner under the
Service Agreements, which were recorded as deferred revenue on the Company’s balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 (see
Note 2: Revenue to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion).
The change in the valuation allowance during 2022 of $42.3 million was due to a net decrease in property and equipment
and other long-term assets driven primarily by an impairment of these assets (refer to Note 8: Fair Value Measurements for
further information), offset partially by depreciation due to the difference between tax and book depreciable lives. Due to the
limitation on utilization of state NOLs, the Company recorded deferred tax liabilities of $0.3 million as of both December 31,
2022 and 2021.
84
The actual provision for income taxes differs from the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate as follows (in thousands):
Provision at U.S. statutory rate of 21%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit
Change in valuation allowance (excluding impact of foreign exchange rates)
Effect of foreign income tax at various rates
Permanent differences
Net change in permanent items due to provision to tax return
Adjustment to reserved deferred assets
Adjustment to state deferred rate
Other
Total
Tax Audits
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2020
2022
(53,951) $
(4,065)
43,500
(133)
8,229
1,855
4,607
136
(105)
73 $
(23,714) $
(867)
15,991
176
4,993
(569)
1,969
775
947
(299) $
(22,885)
(1,386)
61,540
(53)
5,809
1,914
(48,485)
4,200
8
662
$
$
The Company operates in various U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions. The process of determining its anticipated tax liabilities
involves many calculations and estimates which are inherently complex. The Company believes that it has complied in all
material respects with its obligations to pay taxes in these jurisdictions. However, its position is subject to review and possible
challenge by the taxing authorities of these jurisdictions. If the applicable taxing authorities were to challenge successfully its
current tax positions, or if there were changes in the manner in which the Company conducts its activities, the Company could
become subject to material unanticipated tax liabilities. It may also become subject to additional tax liabilities as a result of
changes in tax laws, which could in certain circumstances have a retroactive effect.
In July 2018, the Company's Canadian subsidiary was notified that its income tax returns for the years ended October 31,
2015 through 2018 had been selected for audit. The Company has provided all requested information to the Canada Revenue
Agency ("CRA") and is working with the CRA to complete the audit. The CRA has completed its audit for the year ended
October 31, 2016 and assessed the Company for an additional tax liability, which the Company is appealing. The Company's
NOL in Canada would largely offset this tax liability to the extent that the Company is unsuccessful in its appeal. The years
ended October 31, 2017 and 2018 remain under examination.
Except for the audit noted above, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is currently under audit by the IRS or by
any state income tax jurisdiction in the United States. The Company's corporate U.S. tax returns for 2019 and subsequent years
remain subject to examination by tax authorities. State income tax returns are generally subject to examination for a period of
three to five years after filing of the respective return. The state impact of any federal changes remains subject to examination
by various states for a period of up to one year after formal notification to the states.
In the Company's international tax jurisdictions, numerous tax years remain subject to examination by tax authorities,
including tax returns for 2014 and subsequent years in most of the Company's international tax jurisdictions.
There are no unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Other
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had not provided foreign withholding taxes on approximately $3.2 million of
undistributed earnings from certain foreign subsidiaries indefinitely invested outside the U.S.
In January 2018, the FASB released guidance on the accounting for tax on the global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI")
provisions of the Tax Act. The GILTI provisions impose a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets
of foreign corporations. The Company elected to account for GILTI tax in the period in which it is incurred and therefore has
not provided any deferred tax impacts of GILTI in its consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022
and 2021.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded a value added tax ("VAT") recoverable, of which the short term
portion is included in prepaid and other current assets on its consolidated balance sheet totaling $1.7 million and $5.6 million,
85
respectively, and the long-term portion is included in intangible and other assets, net, on its consolidated balance sheet totaling
$3.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. This VAT recoverable is related primarily to certain payments for the purchase and
importation of gateway equipment in various international jurisdictions in connection with the Company's network upgrade
work.
In December 2022, the Company received a refund check totaling $1.8 million as a result of its eligibility for the employee
retention credit under the provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act for the first quarter of 2021.
The Company evaluated this refund as well as its eligibility for future refunds under ASC 450 and accounts for the gain in the
period in which the payment was received. Consistent with the classification of the employment taxes on qualified wages for
which this credit relates, the refund was recorded as a reduction to operating expenses during the fourth quarter of 2022 on its
consolidated statements of operations.
14. LOSS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share and reconciles basic weighted average
shares to diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Net loss
Effect of Series A Preferred Stock dividends
Adjusted net loss attributable to common shareholders
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Net loss per common share:
Basic
Diluted
Year ended December 31,
2021
2020
2022
(256,915) $
(1,337)
(258,252) $
(112,625) $
—
(112,625) $
(109,639)
—
(109,639)
1,800,825
1,765,139
1,642,359
(0.14) $
(0.14) $
(0.06) $
(0.06) $
(0.07)
(0.07)
$
$
$
$
For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, 7.7 million shares, 10.1 million shares and 4.2 million shares,
respectively, of potential common stock were excluded from diluted shares outstanding because the effects of potentially
dilutive securities would be anti-dilutive. Included in the potential common stock excluded from diluted shares outstanding as
of December 31, 2022 are a portion of the 49.1 million Warrants issued to Partner under the Service Agreements, which was
determined after considering the exercise price of each Warrant tranch relative to the average market price during the period and
weighting for the period outstanding during 2022 (see Note 15: Stock Compensation for further discussion).
As discussed in Note 6: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements, the Company's Board of Directors approved
the payment of dividends totaling $1.3 million for the period November 15, 2022 through December 31, 2022 on its Series A
Preferred Stock. This amount adjusts the numerator used to calculate loss per share.
15. STOCK COMPENSATION
Share-Based Payment Arrangements with Employees
The Company’s Equity Incentive Plan (“Equity Plan”) provides long-term incentives to the Company’s key employees,
including officers, directors, consultants and advisers (“Eligible Participants”), and is designed to align stockholder and
employee interests. Under the Equity Plan, the Company may grant incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options,
restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, and other stock based awards or any combination thereof to Eligible Participants.
The Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors establishes the terms and conditions of any awards granted
under the plans. At the time of grant, the Company takes into consideration the timing of the stock based award and evaluates
for conditions that could result in the award to be considered spring loaded. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the number of
shares of common stock that was authorized and remained available for issuance under the Equity Plan was 9.8 million and
21.4 million, respectively.
86
Stock Options
The Company has granted incentive stock options under the Equity Plan. These options have various vesting terms, but
generally vest in equal installments over three years and expire in ten years. Non-vested options are generally forfeited upon
termination of employment.
The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock option grants over the employee's requisite service period, which
is generally based on the vesting period and the fair value at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
The Company uses historical data, among other factors, to estimate the expected stock price volatility, the expected option life
and the expected forfeiture rate. The market price of the Company's common stock has been volatile at times. The Company
makes judgmental adjustments to projected volatility during the expected term of the options, considering, among other things,
historical volatility of the share prices of its peer group and expectations with regard to business conditions that may impact
stock price fluctuations or stability. The Company estimates the expected term considering factors such as historical exercise
patterns and the recipients of the options granted. The risk-free rate is based on the United States Treasury Department yield
curve in effect at the time of grant for the expected life of the option. The Company assumes an expected dividend yield of zero
for all periods. The table below summarizes the assumptions for the indicated periods:
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2020
2022
Risk-free interest rate
Expected term of options (years)
Volatility
Weighted average grant-date fair value per share
1.4 %
5
100 %
0.86
0.4 %
5
62 %
1.7 %
5
72 %
0.32
$
The following table represents the Company’s stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:
0.17
$
$
Outstanding at January 1, 2022
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited or expired
Outstanding at December 31, 2022
Exercisable at December 31, 2022
Shares
7,924,268 $
700,000
(371,249)
(153,134)
8,099,885
6,562,378 $
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
1.30
1.16
0.61
2.29
1.29
1.38
The intrinsic value of a stock option is the amount by which the market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise
price of the option. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the total intrinsic value of all stock options exercised was
$0.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively. There were no options exercised during 2020. The aggregate intrinsic value of all
outstanding stock options at December 31, 2022 was $2.9 million with a remaining contractual life of 5.5 years. The aggregate
intrinsic value of all vested stock options that were exercisable at December 31, 2022 was $2.2 million based on a per grant
calculation with a remaining contractual life of 4.9 years.
Net cash proceeds during the year ended December 31, 2022 from the exercise of stock options was $0.2 million.
For each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized $0.3 million of compensation
expense related to stock options. As of December 31, 2022, unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock
options outstanding was approximately $0.4 million to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.
The Company adjusts its estimates of expected forfeitures of equity awards based upon its review of recent forfeiture
activity and expected future employee turnover. The Company considers the impact of both pre-vesting forfeitures and post-
vesting cancellations for purposes of evaluating forfeiture estimates. The effect of adjusting the forfeiture rate is recognized in
the period in which the forfeiture estimate is changed.
87
Restricted Stock
Shares of restricted stock generally vest immediately, one year from the grant date, in equal annual installments over three
years or based on performance criteria. Non-vested shares are generally forfeited upon the termination of employment. Holders
of restricted stock awards are entitled to all rights of a stockholder of the Company with respect to the restricted stock,
including the right to vote the shares and receive any dividends or other distributions. Compensation expense associated with
restricted stock is measured based on the grant date fair value of the common stock and is recognized on a straight line basis
over the vesting period. The table below summarizes the weighted average grant date fair value of restricted stock for the
indicated periods:
Weighted average grant date fair value
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
2020
$
1.73 $
1.23 $
0.36
The following is a rollforward of the activity in restricted stock for the year ended December 31, 2022:
Nonvested at January 1, 2022
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Nonvested at December 31, 2022
Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
1.01
1.73
1.16
1.09
Shares
10,697,527 $
8,231,875
(8,848,009)
(127,527)
9,953,866
Included in the non-vested balance at December 31, 2022 are approximately 3.9 million performance-based restricted stock
awards that will vest upon the achievement of certain milestones.
For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized $10.4 million, $5.6 million and
$4.5 million, respectively, of compensation expense related to restricted stock. The increase in compensation expense during
2022 was driven by performance grants to certain employees associated with their efforts under the Service Agreements. The
total fair value, as calculated on the day of vesting, of restricted stock awards that vested during 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $14.6
million, $8.6 million, and $3.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, unrecognized compensation expense related to
unvested restricted stock outstanding was approximately $11.7 million to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0
years.
Key Employee Bonus Plan
The Company has an annual bonus plan designed to reward designated key employees' efforts to exceed the Company's
financial performance goals for the designated calendar year ("Plan Year"). The bonus pool available for distribution is
determined based on the Company's adjusted EBITDA performance during the Plan Year. The bonus may be paid in cash or the
Company's common stock, subject to certain approvals.
For the 2022 Plan Year, the Company's adjusted EBITDA performance was within the bonus payout threshold according to
the plan document. As of December 31, 2022, $1.0 million was accrued on the Company's consolidated balance sheet related to
this bonus payment, which is expected to be made in the form of common stock during the first quarter of 2023.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Plan”) which provides eligible employees of the Company with
an opportunity to acquire shares of its common stock at a discount. The maximum aggregate number of shares of common
stock that may be purchased through the Plan was 20.0 million shares as of December 31, 2022; this total includes an increase
approved by the Company's Board of Directors in February 2022 totaling 6.0 million shares. The number of shares that may be
purchased through the Plan will be subject to proportionate adjustments to reflect stock splits, stock dividends, or other changes
in the Company’s capital stock.
The Plan permits eligible employees to purchase shares of common stock during two semi-annual offering periods
beginning on June 15 and December 15 (the “Offering Periods”). Eligible employees may purchase shares of up to 15% of their
88
total compensation per pay period, but may purchase in any calendar year no more than the lesser of $25,000 in fair market
value of common stock or 500,000 shares of common stock, as measured as of the first day of each applicable Offering Period.
The price an employee pays is 85% of the fair market value of common stock. Fair market value is equal to the lesser of the
closing price of a share of common stock on either the first day or the last day of the Offering Period.
For 2022 and 2021, the Company received $0.7 million and $0.6 million, respectively, in proceeds related to shares issued
under the Plan. For each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded compensation expense
of approximately $0.4 million, which is reflected in marketing, general and administrative expenses. Additionally, the Company
has issued approximately 12.7 million shares through December 31, 2022 related to the Plan.
The fair value of the employees’ stock purchase rights granted under the ESPP was estimated using the Black-Scholes
option pricing model with the following assumptions for the following years:
Risk-free interest rate
Expected term (months)
Volatility
Weighted average grant-date fair value per share
Share-Based Payment Arrangements with Customers
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
1.2 %
6
100 %
0.58
$
0.1 %
6
110 %
0.23
$
The Company may issue noncash consideration to customers. The only share-based payment arrangement currently
outstanding is the warrants under the Service Agreements (the "Warrants") to purchase up to 2.64% of the Company’s
outstanding common stock. The Warrants are subdivided into two tranches. Each tranche represents one half of the total
number of Warrants issued, with the primary difference between the tranches being the exercise price (and therefore the grant
dates). The Company evaluated the issuance of the Warrants under ASC 606 and ASC 718 and determined that the Warrants are
not a payment for a distinct good or service and, accordingly, are accounted for as a reduction to the transaction price under
ASC 606. The classification and measurement of the consideration paid to Partner was evaluated under ASC 718. The
Company determined that the Warrants contained a performance condition upon issuance, which was contingent upon
commencement of service under the Service Agreements. As Service Launch was November 15, 2022, the performance
condition was met and the Warrants vested.
On November 15, 2022, the Company recorded the total fair value of the Warrants totaling $48.3 million in accumulated
paid-in-capital on its consolidated balance sheet with a corresponding offset to a contract asset, which was netted against the
deferred revenue balance associated with Partner. As of December 31, 2022, no warrants have been exercised by Partner.
The fair value of the Warrants issued to Partner was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the
following assumptions on the valuation date of November 15, 2022.
Tranche 1
Tranche 2
Number of Warrants (in millions)
Grant date
Exercise price
Expected term (years)
Risk-free interest rate
Volatility
Black-Scholes fair value per share
Total fair value
$
$
$
24.6
2/24/2020
0.43
17.73
1.63 %
97.29 %
0.42
$
$
$
10,429,763
24.6
5/28/2021
1.60
16.47
1.92 %
97.29 %
1.54
37,907,181
The expected term of the Warrants is consistent with the expected term of the Company's performance obligations under the
Service Agreements measured as the period beginning with Phase 1 service launch through the design life of the satellites that
will support Phase 2 service. The Company allocated the fair value of the Warrants amongst the stand alone selling price for
each phase of service under the Service Agreements and records a reduction to revenue over the estimated term of the Service
Agreements.
89
16. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Accumulated other comprehensive loss includes all changes in equity during a period from non-owner sources. The change
in accumulated other comprehensive loss for all periods presented resulted from foreign currency translation adjustments and
minimum pension liability adjustments.
The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows (in thousands):
Accumulated minimum pension liability adjustment
Accumulated net foreign currency translation adjustment
Total accumulated other comprehensive income
December 31,
2022
2021
$
$
— $
9,242
9,242 $
(2,073)
3,963
1,890
During 2022, the Company settled the remaining obligations under the pension plan; accordingly, no amounts are reflected
in the table above. See further discussion in Note 12: Pensions and Other Employee Benefits.
No amounts were reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the periods shown above.
90
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, evaluated the
effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
as of December 31, 2022, the end of the period covered by this Report. This evaluation was based on the guidelines established
in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued in 2013 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
Commission (COSO). In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any
controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the
desired control objectives.
Based on this evaluation, each of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that as of
December 31, 2022 our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we
are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and
reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and that such information is
accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer,
as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
We believe that the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report fairly present, in all material respects, our
consolidated financial position and results of operations as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022.
(b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting
As of December 31, 2022, our management, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal
Financial Officer, evaluated our internal control over financial reporting. During the first quarter of 2022, we implemented a
new enterprise resource planning ("ERP") system, which replaced our existing financial systems. The implementation and
transition to the new ERP system resulted in changes to our reporting processes and our internal control over financial
reporting, by automating certain manual procedures and standardizing business processes and reporting across the organization.
As a result of this implementation, there were anticipated changes to our internal control over financial reporting, none of which
adversely affected the Company's internal control over financial reporting. We will continue to monitor our internal control over
financial reporting under the new system, including evaluating the operating effectiveness of related key controls. Based on that
evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that no changes in our internal control
over financial reporting occurred during the year ended December 31, 2022 have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to
materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management of the Company, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, is responsible for
establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company's internal controls were designed to provide reasonable
assurance as to the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation and presentation of the Consolidated Financial
Statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and includes
those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly
reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are
recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of
management and directors of the Company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of
unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial
statements.
The Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting based on the
criteria in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued in 2013 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission. This evaluation included review of the documentation of controls, evaluation of the design
effectiveness of controls, testing of the operating effectiveness of controls and a conclusion on this evaluation. Through this
91
evaluation, management did not identify any material weakness in the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any system of internal control over financial reporting; however, based on
the evaluation, management has concluded the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of
December 31, 2022.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP,
an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which appears herein.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the applicable information set forth in "Executive
Officers," "Election of Directors," "Information about the Board of Directors and its Committees," and "Security Ownership of
Directors and Executive Officers - Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Requirements" which will be included in our
definitive Proxy Statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC, and Part I, Item 1. Business -
Additional Information in this Report.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the applicable information set forth in
"Compensation of Executive Officers", "Compensation of Directors" and "2022 Pay Ratio" which will be included in our
definitive Proxy Statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the applicable information set forth in "Security
Ownership of Principal Stockholders and Management" and "Equity Compensation Plan Information" which will be included in
our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the applicable information set forth in "Other
Information - Related Person Transactions" and "Information about the Board of Directors and its Committees" which will be
included in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the applicable information set forth in "Other
Information - Globalstar's Independent Registered Accounting Firm" which will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement
for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC.
92
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Report:
(1) Financial Statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2) Financial Statement Schedules
All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is in the financial statements or
notes thereto.
(3) Exhibits
See Exhibit Index
93
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
SIGNATURES
Date: March 1, 2023
GLOBALSTAR, INC.
By: /s/ David B. Kagan
David B. Kagan
Chief Executive Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW BY ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and
appoints David B. Kagan and Rebecca S. Clary, jointly and severally, his or her attorney-in-fact, with the power of substitution,
for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with
exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying
and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue
hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following
persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated as of March 1, 2023.
Signature
Title
/s/ David B. Kagan
David B. Kagan
/s/ Rebecca S. Clary
Rebecca S. Clary
/s/ James Monroe III
James Monroe III
/s/ William A. Hasler
William A. Hasler
/s/ James F. Lynch
James F. Lynch
/s/ Michael J. Lovett
Michael J. Lovett
/s/ Keith O. Cowan
Keith O. Cowan
/s/ Benjamin G. Wolff
Benjamin G. Wolff
/s/ Timothy E. Taylor
Timothy E. Taylor
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
94
Exhibit
Number
Description
EXHIBIT INDEX
3.1*
3.2*
3.3*
4.1*
4.2*
4.3
10.1*
10.2*
10.3*
10.4*
10.5*
10.6*
10.7*
10.8*
10.9*
10.10*
10.11*
10.12*
10.13*
10.14*
10.15*
10.16*
10.17*
Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Globalstar, Inc. (Appendix A to DEF 14A filed April
12, 2021)
Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Globalstar, Inc. (Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed on April 15, 2019)
Certificate of Designation filed November 15, 2022 (Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed on November 16, 2022)
Indenture between Globalstar, Inc. and U.S. Bank, National Association as Trustee dated as of April 15, 2008
(Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed April 16, 2008)
Fourth Supplemental Indenture between Globalstar, Inc. and U.S. Bank, National Association as Trustee dated as
of May 20, 2013, including Form of Global 8% Convertible Senior Note due 2028 (Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed
May 20, 2013)
Description of Registrant's Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Amended and Restated Loan Agreement between Globalstar, Inc., and Thermo Funding Company LLC dated as
of July 31, 2013 (Exhibit 10.4 to Form 8-K filed August 22, 2013)
Settlement Agreement dated December 14, 2018 (Exhibit 10.1 to form 8-K filed December 17, 2018)
Lease Agreement by and between Globalstar, Inc. and Thermo Covington, LLC dated February 1, 2019 (Exhibit
10.1 to Form 10-Q filed May 2, 2019)
Form of Indemnification Agreement between Globalstar, Inc. and its Directors dated February 26, 2019 (Exhibit
10.50 to Form 10-K filed February 28, 2019)
Subordinated Loan Agreement Dated as of July 2, 2019 by and among Globalstar, Inc. and Other Lenders
(Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed August 9, 2019)
Fourth Global Amendment and Restatement Agreement dated as of November 26, 2019 between Globalstar, Inc.,
Thermo Funding Company LLC, BNP Paribas and the other lenders thereto Amendment and Restatement
Agreement dated as of November 26, 2019 between Globalstar, Inc., Thermo Funding Company LLC, BNP
Paribas and the other lenders thereto (Exhibit 10.37 to Form 10-K filed February 28, 2020)
Fourth Amended and Restated Facility Agreement dated as of November 26, 2019 between Globalstar, Inc., BNP
Paribas and the other lenders party thereto (Exhibit 10.38 to Form 10-K filed February 28, 2020)
Second Lien Facility Agreement dated as of November 26, 2019 between Globalstar, Inc., Global Loan Agency
Services Limited, GLAS Trust Corporation Limited and other lenders thereto (Exhibit 10.39 to Form 10-K filed
February 28, 2020)
Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated November 27, 2019 between Globalstar, Inc. and other lenders
thereto (Exhibit 10.40 to Form 10-K filed February 28, 2020)
Registration Rights Agreement dated November 26, 2019 between Globalstar, Inc. and other lenders thereto
(Exhibit 10.41 to Form 10-K filed February 28, 2020)
Intercreditor Agreement dated November 26, 2019 between BNP Paribas, Global Loan Agency Services Limited,
The Senior Lenders, The Second Lien Lenders, Globalstar, Inc., BNP Paribas, GLAS Trust Corporation Limited
and other lenders thereto (Exhibit 10.42 to Form 10-K filed February 28, 2020)
Third Amended and Restated Globalstar, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (Appendix A to Definitive Proxy
Statement filed April 16, 2019)
Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Appendix B to Definitive Proxy Statement filed April 16,
2019)
Form of Restricted Stock Units Agreement for Non-U.S. Designated Executives under the Globalstar, Inc. 2006
Equity Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-Q filed August 14, 2007)
Form of Notice of Grant and Restricted Stock Agreement under the Globalstar, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan
(Exhibit 10.29 to Form 10-K filed March 17, 2008)
Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement for Members of the Board of Directors under the
Globalstar, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed November 20, 2008)
Form of Stock Option Award Agreement for use with executive officers (Exhibit 10.45 to Form 10-K filed March
31, 2011)
95
10.18*†
2019 Key Employee Bonus Plan (Exhibit 10.52 to Form 10-K Filed February 28, 2020)
10.19*†† 2020 Key Employee Bonus Plan (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed November 5, 2020)
10.20*†† 2021 Key Employee Bonus Plan (Exhibit 10.24 to Form 10-K Filed March 4, 2021)
10.21*†† 2022 Key Employee Bonus Plan (Exhibit 10.21 to Form 10-K filed February 25, 2022)
10.22*
Letter Agreement with David Kagan dated November 27, 2017 (Exhibit 10.55 to Form 10-K filed February 23,
2018)
10.23*
10.24*††
10.25*††
10.26*††
Letter Agreement with David Kagan dated September 4, 2018 (Exhibit 10.59 to Form 10-K filed February 28,
2019)
Amended and Restated Prepayment Agreement dated May 19, 2021 (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed August 5,
2021)
Satellite Procurement Agreement dated February 21, 2022 between Globalstar, Inc. and Macdonald, Dettwiler and
Associates Corporation (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed May 5, 2022)
Conformed Copy of Key Terms Agreement reflecting amendments through September 7, 2022 (Exhibit 10.1 to
Form 8-K filed September 7, 2022)
10.27*†† Exchange Agreement dated November 15, 2022 (Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed November 16, 2022)
10.28*††
Letter Agreement dated November 15, 2022 (Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed November 16, 2022)
Forbearance Agreement between Globalstar, Inc. and Macdonald, Dettwiler and Associates Corporation dated
October 28, 2022
Second Forbearance Agreement among Globalstar, Inc., Macdonald, Dettwiler and Associates Corporation and
Rocket Lab USA, Inc. dated January 31, 2023
Subsidiaries of Globalstar, Inc.
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP
10.29††
10.30††
21.1
23.1
24.1
Power of Attorney (included as part of page titled "Signatures")
Section 302 Certification of Principal Executive Officer of Globalstar, Inc.
Section 302 Certification of Principal Financial Officer of Globalstar, Inc.
Section 906 Certification of Principal Executive Officer of Globalstar, Inc.
Section 906 Certification of Principal Financial Officer of Globalstar, Inc.
XBRL Instance Document
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
101.INS
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
*
†
Incorporated by reference.
Portions of the exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed with the
Commission. The omitted portions have been filed with the Commission.
††
Portions of the exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K.
96
Certification of Principal Executive Officer of Globalstar, Inc.
Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
I, David B. Kagan, certify that:
Exhibit 31.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Globalstar, Inc.;
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material
fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present
in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the
periods presented in this report;
I am responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-
15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be
designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in
which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to
be designed under my supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report my
conclusion about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered
by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during
the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that
has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial
reporting; and
5.
I have disclosed, based on my most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s
auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and
report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in
the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: March 1, 2023
By:
/s/ David B. Kagan
David B. Kagan
Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Exhibit 31.2
Certification of Principal Financial Officer of Globalstar, Inc.
Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
I, Rebecca S. Clary, certify that:
1.
2.
3.
4.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Globalstar, Inc.;
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material
fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present
in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the
periods presented in this report;
I am responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-
15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be
designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in
which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to
be designed under my supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report my
conclusion about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered
by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during
the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that
has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial
reporting; and
5.
I have disclosed, based on my most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s
auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and
report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in
the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: March 1, 2023
By:
/s/ Rebecca S. Clary
Rebecca S. Clary
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section
1350
Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title
18, United States Code), the undersigned officer of Globalstar, Inc. (the “Company”), does hereby certify that:
This annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 of the Company fully complies with the
requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in the Form 10-K
fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Exhibit 32.1
March 1, 2023
By:
/s/ David B. Kagan
David B. Kagan
Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Certification of Principal Financial Officer Under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title
18, United States Code), the undersigned officer of Globalstar, Inc. (the “Company”), does hereby certify that:
This annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 of the Company fully complies with the
requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in the Form 10-K
fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Exhibit 32.2
March 1, 2023
By:
/s/ Rebecca S. Clary
Rebecca S. Clary
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
Stock Performance Graph
The following graph shows a comparison from December 31, 2017 through December 31, 2022 of cumulative
total return for our Common Stock, the NASDAQ Telecommunications Index, the S&P 500 Stock Index and the
Dow Jones Industrial Average Index, assuming $100 had been invested in each on December 31, 2017. Such returns
are based on historical results and are not intended to suggest future performance. The calculation of cumulative
total return is based on the change in stock price and assumes reinvestment of dividends for the NASDAQ
Telecommunications Index and the Dow Jones Industrial Average Index.
Globalstar, Inc. Common Stock Performance Graph
$200
$180
$160
$140
$120
$100
$80
$60
$40
$20
$-
12/31/2017
12/31/2018
12/31/2019
12/31/2020
12/31/2021
12/31/2022
Globalstar, Inc.
S&P 500 Stock Index
Nasdaq Telecommunications Index
Dow Jones Industrial Average Index
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Executive Office
Globalstar, Inc.
1351 Holiday Square Blvd.
Covington, LA 70433
USA
(985) 335-1500
Company Home Page
www.globalstar.com
Stockholder Information
For further information about the
Company, hard copies of this
Report, SEC filings, and other
published corporate information,
please visit the Company’s website
noted above.
Transfer Agent
Computershare
Providence, RI
Independent Auditors
Ernst & Young, LLP
New Orleans, LA
Legal Counsel
Taft Stettinius & Hollister LLP
Cincinnati, OH
Investor Relations
investorrelations@globalstar.com
Board of Directors
James Monroe III
Executive Chairman
of the Board
Thermo Companies
James F. Lynch
Director
Thermo Companies
FiberLight LLC
William A. Hasler
Director
Benjamin G. Wolff
Director
Sarcos Technology and
Robotics Corporation
Keith O. Cowan
Director
Rivada Networks, Inc.
Timothy E. Taylor
Director
Globalstar, Inc.
Thermo Companies
Michael J. Lovett
Director
Eagle River Partners LLC
Executive Officers
David B. Kagan
Chief Executive Officer
Rebecca S. Clary
Vice President, Chief Financial
Officer
L. Barbee Ponder IV
General Counsel and Vice
President, Regulatory Affairs
Corporate Secretary
Richard S. Roberts
Corporate Secretary
Common Stock
The Company’s common stock
is traded on the NYSE American
under the symbol “GSAT.” As
of May 1, 2023, the Company
had 1,813,134,974 shares
outstanding and 224 holders of
record.
2022: A year of transformationANNUAL REPORT